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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">黑矮星</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。52种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swartdwerg" title="Swartdwerg – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swartdwerg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="قزم أسود – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قزم أسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Чорны карлік – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чорны карлік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Черно джудже – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черно джудже" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8" title="কৃষ্ণ বামন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃষ্ণ বামন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_negra" title="Nana negra – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nana negra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%BD_trpasl%C3%ADk" title="Černý trpaslík – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černý trpaslík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_dv%C3%A6rg" title="Sort dværg – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sort dværg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzer_Zwerg" title="Schwarzer Zwerg – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzer Zwerg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μαύρος νάνος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαύρος νάνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Black dwarf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_nano" title="Nigra nano – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigra nano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enana_negra" title="Enana negra – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enana negra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must_k%C3%A4%C3%A4bus" title="Must kääbus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Must kääbus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nano_beltz" title="Nano beltz – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nano beltz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="کوتوله سیاه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوتوله سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musta_k%C3%A4%C3%A4pi%C3%B6" title="Musta kääpiö – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musta kääpiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naine_noire" title="Naine noire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naine noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anana_negra" title="Anana negra – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anana negra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8" title="ננס שחור – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ננס שחור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="काला बौना – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काला बौना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekete_t%C3%B6rpe" title="Fekete törpe – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fekete törpe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87_%D5%A9%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Սև թզուկ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սև թզուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katai_hitam" title="Katai hitam – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katai hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_nera" title="Nana nera – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nana nera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E8%89%B2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="黒色矮星 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒色矮星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="흑색왜성 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑색왜성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaarzen_Zwerg" title="Schwaarzen Zwerg – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schwaarzen Zwerg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodoji_nyk%C5%A1tuk%C4%97" title="Juodoji nykštukė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodoji nykštukė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5" title="Црно џуџе – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црно џуџе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerdil_hitam" title="Kerdil hitam – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerdil hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကြယ်ပုနက် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်ပုနက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_dwerg" title="Zwarte dwerg – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte dwerg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_dverg" title="Svart dverg – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svart dverg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_dverg" title="Sort dverg – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sort dverg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarny_karze%C5%82" title="Czarny karzeł – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czarny karzeł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A3_negra" title="Anã negra – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anã negra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_neagr%C4%83" title="Pitică neagră – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pitică neagră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чёрный карлик – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чёрный карлик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="කලු වාමන තරු – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කලු වාමන තරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black dwarf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cierny_trpasl%C3%ADk" title="Čierny trpaslík – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čierny trpaslík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crna_pritlikavka" title="Črna pritlikavka – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črna pritlikavka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Црни патуљак – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црни патуљак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_dv%C3%A4rg" title="Svart dvärg – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svart dvärg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கருப்புக் குறுமீன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருப்புக் குறுமீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3" title="ดาวแคระดำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวแคระดำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_c%C3%BCce" title="Kara cüce – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kara cüce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Кара кәрлә йолдыз – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кара кәрлә йолдыз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чорний карлик – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорний карлик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qora_mitti" title="Qora mitti – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qora mitti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_l%C3%B9n_%C4%91en" title="Sao lùn đen – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao lùn đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/600px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/800px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:392px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96" title="赫羅圖"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 120%">赫羅圖</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:214px; top:432px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="恒星光谱"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">光譜型態</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:346px; top:368px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星"><span style="color: white; font-size: 100%">棕矮星</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:166px; top:320px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星"><span style="color: black; font-size: 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title="亮巨星"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">亮巨星</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:108px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="超巨星"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">超巨星</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:71.2px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="特超巨星"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">特超巨星</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:14px; top:212px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">絕對</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:14px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">星等</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:14px; top:252px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">(M<sub>V</sub>)</span></a></div> </div> <p><b>黑矮星</b>是假想中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%BB%E5%AF%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="緻密星">恆星殘骸</a>，是當一顆<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a>的溫度低到不再能發出可以被偵測到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89" title="光">光</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="熱">熱</a>的狀態。由於一顆白矮星要達到此種狀態所需要的時間遠高過當前已有137億年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="宇宙的年龄">宇宙年齡</a>，因此在現今的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中尚不可能有黑矮星的存在，而溫度最低的白矮星將會是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="宇宙的年龄">宇宙年齡</a>的一個觀測極限。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a>是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="主序帶">主序帶</a>上中或低質量的恆星（質量上限在9或10倍<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽質量">太陽質量</a>），在它擁有的溫度能使用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">元素</a>都在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">融合</a>中耗盡或驅散之後的殘骸<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一個高密度的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%B9%B6%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="简并态物质">電子簡併物質</a>除了緩慢的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a>之外，最終將成為一顆黑矮星<sup id="cite_ref-osln_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osln-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果真有黑矮星存在，它也很難被偵測到，因為依照定義，它們只有很少的輻射。一種理論認為可以利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="重力">重力</a>的擾動來檢出<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由於白矮星未來的演化還有物理學上的問題，像是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="暗物質">暗物質</a>的性質和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="質子衰變">質子衰變</a>等的可能性和速率等，我們的理解依然很貧乏；也不知道需要多久的時間白矮星才會冷卻成黑暗無光的狀態<sup id="cite_ref-adams_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>, § IIIE, IVA.</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7D%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97" title="约翰·D·巴罗">巴罗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92" title="法蘭克·迪普勒">迪普勒</a>估計需要10<sup>15</sup>（1000<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="万亿">万亿</a>）年白矮星才能冷卻到5<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；然而，如果<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="大質量弱相互作用粒子">大質量弱相互作用粒子</a>存在，可能會因為粒子的這種作用，使白矮星變得更溫暖，而需要大約10<sup>25</sup>（10<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中文數字">秭</a>）年<sup id="cite_ref-adams_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>, § IIIE.</sup>。如果質子不穩定，白矮星會因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="質子衰變">質子衰變</a>而維持住溫度。理論上質子的生命期長達10<sup>37</sup>（10<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中文數字">澗</a>）年，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gregory P. Laughlin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gregory P. Laughlin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_P._Laughlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory P. Laughlin（页面不存在）">Adams</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_P._Laughlin" class="extiw" title="en:Gregory P. Laughlin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gregory P. Laughlin</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gregory P. Laughlin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gregory P. Laughlin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_P._Laughlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory P. Laughlin（页面不存在）">Laughlin</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_P._Laughlin" class="extiw" title="en:Gregory P. Laughlin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gregory P. Laughlin</span></a></span>）</span></span>計算質子衰變會使一顆年老的、質量為太陽質的恆星的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度">表面有效溫度</a>升高大約0.06<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a>。雖然很冷，但仍比未來10<sup>37</sup>（10澗）年後的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙背景輻射">宇宙背景輻射</a>要高<sup id="cite_ref-adams_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>, §IVB.</sup>。 </p><p><b>黑矮星</b>這個名稱也曾被用在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="亚恒星天体">亞恆星天體</a>，是指那些沒有足夠的質量，大約0.08太陽質量以下，維持<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>燃燒的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這種天體目前通稱為<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a></b>，這是在1970年代提出的名詞<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同樣的，黑矮星也不能與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="中子星">中子星</a>混為一談。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/黑矮星">黑矮星</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E4%BD%B5%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="簡併物質">簡併物質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AF%82" title="热寂">熱寂</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">§3, <cite class="citation journal">Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591..288H">How Massive Single Stars End Their Life</a>. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, <b>591</b> (1): 288–300 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-08-14</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375341"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/375341</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827021558/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591..288H">存档</a>于2018-08-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&rft.atitle=How+Massive+Single+Stars+End+Their+Life&rft.au=Heger%2C+A.%3B+Fryer%2C+C.+L.%3B+Woosley%2C+S.+E.%3B+Langer%2C+N.%3B+Hartmann%2C+D.+H.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=288-300&rft.volume=591&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2003ApJ...591..288H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F375341&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osln-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osln_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Johnson, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf">Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-05-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925204453/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2007-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.btitle=Extreme+Stars%3A+White+Dwarfs+%26+Neutron+Stars&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.ohio-state.edu%2F~jaj%2FAst162%2Flectures%2FnotesWL22.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Richmond, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html">Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars</a>. Rochester Institute of Technology. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904224040/http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html">存档</a>于2017-09-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.btitle=Late+stages+of+evolution+for+low-mass+stars&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rochester+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspiff.rit.edu%2Fclasses%2Fphys230%2Flectures%2Fplanneb%2Fplanneb.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Charles Alcock, Robyn A. Allsman, David Alves, Tim S. Axelrod, Andrew C. Becker, David Bennett, Kem H. Cook, Andrew J. Drake, Ken C. Freeman, Kim Griest, Matt Lehner, Stuart Marshall, Dante Minniti, Bruce Peterson, Mark Pratt, Peter Quinn, Alex Rodgers, Chris Stubbs, Will Sutherland, Austin Tomaney, Thor Vandehei, Doug L. Welch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASPC..165..362A">Baryonic Dark Matter: The Results from Microlensing Surveys</a>. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106232954/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASPC..165..362A">存档</a>于2017-11-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&rft.au=Charles+Alcock%2C+Robyn+A.+Allsman%2C+David+Alves%2C+Tim+S.+Axelrod%2C+Andrew+C.+Becker%2C+David+Bennett%2C+Kem+H.+Cook%2C+Andrew+J.+Drake%2C+Ken+C.+Freeman%2C+Kim+Griest%2C+Matt+Lehner%2C+Stuart+Marshall%2C+Dante+Minniti%2C+Bruce+Peterson%2C+Mark+Pratt%2C+Peter+Quinn%2C+Alex+Rodgers%2C+Chris+Stubbs%2C+Will+Sutherland%2C+Austin+Tomaney%2C+Thor+Vandehei%2C+Doug+L.+Welch&rft.btitle=Baryonic+Dark+Matter%3A+The+Results+from+Microlensing+Surveys&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1999ASPC..165..362A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adams-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adams_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adams_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adams_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9701131v1">A Dying Universe: The Long Term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects</a>, Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, arXiv:astro-ph/9701131v1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Table 10.2, <i>The Anthropic Cosmological Principle</i>, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0192821474" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-282147-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">R. F. Jameson, M. R. Sherrington, and A. R. Giles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983MNRAS.205P..39J">A failed search for black dwarfs as companions to nearby stars</a>: pp 39–41. October 1983 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130131143/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983MNRAS.205P..39J">存档</a>于2018-11-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F&rft.au=R.+F.+Jameson%2C+M.+R.+Sherrington%2C+and+A.+R.+Giles&rft.btitle=A+failed+search+for+black+dwarfs+as+companions+to+nearby+stars&rft.date=1983-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=pp+39-41&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1983MNRAS.205P..39J&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/browndwarf.html">brown dwarf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210428123522/http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/browndwarf.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, entry in <i>The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight</i>, David Darling, accessed online <a href="/w/index.php?title=May_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 24（页面不存在）">May 24</a>, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="白矮星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="Template:白矮星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:白矮星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:白矮星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="白矮星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">形成</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%A1%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90" title="錢德拉塞卡極限">錢德拉塞卡極限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159%E6%98%9F" title="PG 1159星">PG 1159星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">恆星演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96" title="赫羅圖">赫羅圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%AD%E8%97%81%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="蒭藁變星">蒭藁變星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宿命</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">黑矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="Ia超新星">Ia超新星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="超新星候選列表">候選者</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="中子星">中子星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="脉冲星">脉冲星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%98%9F" title="磁星">磁星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="Template:中子星">相关联接</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="恆星黑洞">恆星黑洞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="Template:黑洞">相关联接</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%AF%86%E6%98%9F" title="致密星">致密星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F" title="夸克星">夸克星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E6%98%9F" title="奇特星">奇特星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E6%B0%A6%E6%98%9F" title="極端氦星">臨終氦星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="B型次矮星">B型次矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="氦行星">氦行星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">双星系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%81%97%E8%BF%B9" title="新星遗迹">遺跡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="银河系新星列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="银河系新星列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_novae_in_the_Milky_Way_galaxy" class="extiw" title="en:List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="矮新星">矮新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="共生變星">共生變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E8%AE%8A%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="激變變星">激變變星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7AM" title="猎犬座AM">猎犬座AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%98%9F" title="高偏振星">高偏振星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%98%9F" title="中介偏振星">中介偏振星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線雙星">X射線聯星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%BB%9FX%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%BA%90" title="超軟X射線源">超軟X射線源</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯星脈衝星" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Binary pulsar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E6%98%9F%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯星脈衝星（页面不存在）">聯星脈衝星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_pulsar" class="extiw" title="en:Binary pulsar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Binary pulsar</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="X射线脉冲星">X射线脉冲星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E9%96%83" title="氦閃">氦閃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%96%83" title="碳閃">碳引爆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">屬性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E5%8B%95%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="脈動白矮星">脈動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%8D%A1%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="尤卡過程">尤卡過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%B9%B6%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="简并态物质">電子簡併物質</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="准周期振荡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quasi-periodic oscillation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%86%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="准周期振荡（页面不存在）">准周期振荡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-periodic_oscillation" class="extiw" title="en:Quasi-periodic oscillation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quasi-periodic oscillation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91" title="行星状星云">行星状星云</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="行星狀星雲列表">列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%BC%BA%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="大质量重子天体强关联星团">大质量重子天体强关联星团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8)" title="光度函數 (天文學)">白矮星光度函數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F%E5%92%8C%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="白矮星、中子星和超新星年表">白矮星、中子星和超新星年表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">著名的白矮星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%97%E6%98%9F" title="范马南星">范马南星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89" title="南河三">南河三B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A740" title="波江座40">波江座40 B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPM_37093" title="BPM 37093">BPM 37093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HL%E9%87%91%E7%89%9B%E5%BA%A776" title="HL金牛座76">HL金牛座76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7RS" title="蛇夫座RS">蛇夫座RS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白矮星列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of white dwarfs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白矮星列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_white_dwarfs" class="extiw" title="en:List of white dwarfs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of white dwarfs</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="Category:白矮星">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:White_dwarfs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:White dwarfs">维基共享</a></b></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="恒星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Template:恒星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:恒星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:恒星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="恒星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">演化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="恆星形成">恆星形成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%89%8D%E6%98%9F" title="主序前星">主序前星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="水平分支">水平分支</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%BE%A4%E8%81%9A" title="紅群聚">紅群聚</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="紅巨星分支">紅巨星分支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF" title="漸近巨星支">漸近巨星分支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88" title="藍迴圈">藍迴圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%BF%BB" title="上翻">上翻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%B6" title="不穩定帶">不穩定帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159%E6%98%9F" title="PG 1159星">PG 1159星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%AD%E8%97%81%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="蒭藁變星">蒭藁變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91" title="行星状星云">行星状星云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="原行星雲">原行星雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E7%B4%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="亮紅新星">亮紅新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%97%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="高光度藍變星">高光度藍變星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB-%E6%8B%89%E8%91%89%E6%98%9F" title="沃爾夫-拉葉星">沃爾夫-拉葉星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="假超新星">假超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="極超新星">極超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96" title="赫羅圖">赫羅圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%89%B2%E5%9B%BE" title="双色图">双色图</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="原恆星">原恆星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%BA" title="电离氢区">电离氢区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B2%E7%90%83" title="包克雲球">包克雲球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%AB%94" title="初期恆星體">初期恆星體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BC-%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="赫比格-哈羅天體">赫比格-哈羅天體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%BB%8C%E8%B7%A1" title="林軌跡">林忠四郎軌跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90" title="林極限">林忠四郎極限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%A1" title="亨耶跡">亨耶跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵戶型變星">獵戶型變星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9BT%E6%98%9F" title="金牛T星">金牛T星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6FU%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="獵戶FU型變星">獵戶FU型變星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BCAe/Be%E6%98%9F" title="赫比格Ae/Be星">赫比格Ae/Be星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">光度分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次矮星">次矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F_(%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5)" title="藍矮星 (紅矮星階段)">藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">橙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">次巨星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="巨星">巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="藍巨星">蓝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="亮巨星">亮巨星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="超巨星">超巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="藍超巨星">藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅超巨星">紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黄超巨星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="特超巨星">特超巨星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%89%B9%E8%B6%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="黃特超巨星">黃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%8E%89%E9%9A%8A%E6%98%9F" title="藍掉隊星">藍掉隊星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="恒星光谱">光谱分类</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="O型主序星">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="B型主序星">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%E6%98%9F" title="Be星">Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OB%E6%98%9F" title="OB星">OB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="B型次矮星">B型次矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="晚期型星">晚期型星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="特殊恆星">特殊恆星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E7%B7%9A%E6%98%9F" title="金屬線星">金屬線星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ap%E5%92%8CBp%E6%98%9F" title="Ap和Bp星">Ap和Bp星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AAAp%E6%98%9F" title="快速振盪Ap星">快速振盪Ap星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87%E6%98%9F" title="鋇星">鋇星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%98%9F" title="碳星">碳星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN%E6%98%9F" title="CN星">CN星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH%E6%98%9F" title="CH星">CH星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E6%B0%A6%E6%98%9F" title="極端氦星">極端氦星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7%CE%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="牧夫座λ型星">牧夫λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B%E6%98%9F" title="鉛星">鉛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E%E9%8C%B3%E6%98%9F" title="汞錳星">汞錳星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="S型星">S型星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4%E6%98%9F" title="殼層星">殼層星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%80%E6%98%9F" title="鍀星">鍀星</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">残骸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="氦行星">氦行星</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">黑矮星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="中子星">中子星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="脉冲星">脉冲星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E6%98%9F" title="X射线脉冲星">X射线</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%98%9F" title="磁星">磁星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="恆星黑洞">恆星黑洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%AF%86%E6%98%9F" title="致密星">致密星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%81%94%E6%98%9F" title="X射线联星">X射线联星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E6%BA%90" title="X射線爆發源">X射線爆發源</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">纯理论恒星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F_(%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5)" title="藍矮星 (紅矮星階段)">藍矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E6%98%9F" title="綠色星">綠色星</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">黑矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E6%98%9F" title="奇特星">奇特星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="先子星">先子星</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普朗克恒星" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planck star"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普朗克恒星（页面不存在）">普朗克恒星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_star" class="extiw" title="en:Planck star"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planck star</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F" title="夸克星">夸克星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E6%98%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="暗星">暗物质星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%E6%98%9F" title="Q星">Q星</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰冻恒星" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Étoile congelée"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%86%BB%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰冻恒星（页面不存在）">冰冻恒星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89toile_congel%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Étoile congelée"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Étoile congelée</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E6%98%9F" title="类星">类星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%81%A9-%E7%A5%96%E7%89%B9%E9%98%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="索恩-祖特阔夫天体">索恩-祖特闊夫天體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%98%9F" title="鐵星">鐵星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">核合成</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="氦核作用">氦核作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">3氦過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E2%80%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="質子—質子鏈反應">質子—質子鏈反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E9%96%83" title="氦閃">氦閃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="鋰燃燒">鋰燃燒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="碳聚变">碳燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氖燃燒過程">氖燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氧燃燒過程">氧燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="矽燃燒過程">硅燃烧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="S過程">s過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="R過程">r過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="核融合體">核融合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%81%97%E8%BF%B9" title="新星遗迹">新星遗迹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="恆星結構">结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">核心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4_(%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F)" title="對流層 (恆星)">对流层</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微湍流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microturbulence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E6%B9%8D%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微湍流（页面不存在）">微湍流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microturbulence" class="extiw" title="en:Microturbulence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microturbulence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="恆星大氣層">大气层</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%90%83" title="色球">色球层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%96%91" title="星斑">星斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%86%95" title="星冕">冕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%A3%8E" title="星风">星风</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%A2%A8%E6%B3%A1" title="星風泡">星風泡</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="星震學">星震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="爱丁顿光度">爱丁顿光度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" title="克赫歷程">开尔文-亥姆霍兹机制</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特徵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" title="恆星命名">命名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="恆星動力學">动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度">有效溫度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AD%B8" title="恆星運動學">运动学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="恆星磁場">磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="视星等">视星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等">絕對星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="恆星質量">质量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" title="恆星自轉">自转</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBV%E6%B5%8B%E5%85%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="UBV测光系统">UBV色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="變星">變星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="恆星系統">恆星系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F" title="雙星">雙星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8E%A5%E8%81%AF%E6%98%9F" title="密接聯星">密接聯星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%85%E5%B1%A4" title="共有包層">共有包層</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E6%98%9F" title="聚星">聚星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%A7%AF%E7%9B%98" title="吸积盘">吸积盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="行星系">行星系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地球视角</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%98%9F" title="北极星">北极星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" title="拱極星">拱極星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="星等">星等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%85%89" title="消光">消光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%89%B2%E5%9B%BE" title="双色图">双色图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%91%E5%90%91%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="徑向速度">视向速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="自行">自行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E5%B7%AE" title="视差">视差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8B%E5%85%89%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%98%9F" title="测光标准星">测光标准星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恒星列表">恒星列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普通星名表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of proper names of stars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通星名表（页面不存在）">普通星名表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_stars" class="extiw" title="en:List of proper names of stars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of proper names of stars</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉伯星名表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Arabic star names"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯星名表（页面不存在）">阿拉伯星名表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" class="extiw" title="en:List of Arabic star names"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Arabic star names</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%9F%E5%90%8D%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="中西星名對照表">中西星名對照表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="星座恒星列表">星座恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="巨大質量恆星列表">巨大质量恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="最小質量恆星列表">最小质量恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="巨大恆星列表">巨大恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星光度列表">恒星光度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星亮度列表">恒星亮度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="鄰近恆星列表">临近恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="棕矮星列表">棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="行星状星云列表">行星状星云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="超新星列表">超新星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="超新星候選列表">超新星候选</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="變星列表">变星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="以人名命名的恆星">以人名命名的恆星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星天文學年表">恆星天文學年表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="亚恒星">亚恒星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次棕矮星">次棕矮星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="恆行星">恆行星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF%E6%98%9F" title="後漸近巨星支星">後漸近巨星支星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="星团">星团</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E6%95%A3%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="疏散星团">疏散星团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%98" title="球狀星團">球狀星團</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="星系">星系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%9C%98" title="超星系團">超星系團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="日震學">日震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E6%98%9F" title="客星">客星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" title="星座">星座</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="星群">星群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%9A%9B%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="星系際恆星">星系際恆星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E6%9A%97%E9%9B%B2" title="紅外暗雲">紅外暗雲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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