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href="#Fonction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fonction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geographic Names Information System</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 35 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_adlar%C4%B1n_informasiya_sistemi_(AB%C5%9E)" title="Coğrafi adların informasiya sistemi (ABŞ) – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coğrafi adların informasiya sistemi (ABŞ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سامانه اطلاعات نام‌های جغرافیایی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه اطلاعات نام‌های جغرافیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNIS" title="GNIS – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="GNIS" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भौगोलिक नाम सूचना प्रणाली – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौगोलिक नाम सूचना प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacijski_sustav_zemljopisnih_imena" title="Informacijski sustav zemljopisnih imena – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Informacijski sustav zemljopisnih imena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Աշխարհագրական անունների ինֆորմացիոն համակարգ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխարհագրական անունների ինֆորմացիոն համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="地名情報システム – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地名情報システム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="გეოგრაფიული სახელწოდებების საინფორმაციო სისტემა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოგრაფიული სახელწოდებების საინფორმაციო სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%AA%85_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C" title="지명 정보 시스템 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지명 정보 시스템" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Maklumat_Nama_Geografi" title="Sistem Maklumat Nama Geografi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem Maklumat Nama Geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Информационная система географических названий (США) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Информационная система географических названий (США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geographic Names Information System" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografski_informacijski_sistem_imen" title="Geografski informacijski sistem imen – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geografski informacijski sistem imen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Информациони систем географских имена – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Информациони систем географских имена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_Adlar_Bilgi_Sistemi" title="Coğrafi Adlar Bilgi Sistemi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coğrafi Adlar Bilgi Sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2" title="Інформаційна система географічних назв – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інформаційна система географічних назв" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جغرافیائی ناموں کا نظام معلومات – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جغرافیائی ناموں کا نظام معلومات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_Th%C3%B4ng_tin_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_danh" title="Hệ thống Thông tin Địa danh – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống Thông tin Địa danh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地名信息系统 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地名信息系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:USGS_logo_green.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo de Geographic Names Information System" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USGS_logo_green.svg/langfr-280px-USGS_logo_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USGS_logo_green.svg/langfr-420px-USGS_logo_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USGS_logo_green.svg/langfr-560px-USGS_logo_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <br />Logo de l'USGS </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#ccf;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Usgs-headquarters.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Le quartier général de l'USGS." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Usgs-headquarters.jpeg/280px-Usgs-headquarters.jpeg" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Usgs-headquarters.jpeg/420px-Usgs-headquarters.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Usgs-headquarters.jpeg/560px-Usgs-headquarters.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> <br />Le quartier général de l'USGS.</td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#ccf;" /></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">Adresse</a> </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/">Le site officiel</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Type de site </th> <td>Base de données </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Langue </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">Anglais</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_social" title="Siège social">Siège social</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Reston_(Virginie)" title="Reston (Virginie)">Reston</a> <br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="États unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lancement </th> <td>1947 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">État actuel </th> <td>En activité </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #ccf solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Site_web" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Le <i><b><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Geographic Names Information System</span></b></i> (<b>GNIS</b>), littéralement en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> : <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">« Système d'information sur les noms géographiques »</span>, est une <a href="/wiki/Base_de_donn%C3%A9es" title="Base de données">base de données</a> qui indexe plus de deux millions de références physiques et culturelles aux <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et dans ses dépendances territoriales. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le GNIS fut élaboré, en 1947<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> par l'<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></span></i> (en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> : <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">« <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_g%C3%A9ologiques_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Institut d'études géologiques des États-Unis">Institut d'études géologiques des États-Unis</a> »</span>, un organisme gouvernemental américain se consacrant aux sciences de la Terre, en collaboration avec l'<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Board_on_Geographic_Names" title="United States Board on Geographic Names">United States Board on Geographic Names</a></span></i> (BGN), (en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> : <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">« Bureau des États-Unis pour le nommage géographique »</span>), un organisme du gouvernement fédéral des États-Unis, chargé d'établir et de maintenir un usage uniforme des noms géographiques dépendant de l'autorité du gouvernement américain. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Bureau_du_recensement_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Bureau du recensement des États-Unis">Bureau du recensement des États-Unis</a>, participe également à ces travaux, en définissant les localités désignées pour le <a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population">recensement</a>. Celles-ci font partie d'un sous-ensemble de lieux dans la base de données des noms enregistrés. </p><p>La circulaire <i>Publication 28</i> de <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> de l'<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a></span></i> (en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> : <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">« Services postaux américains »</span>) institue une standardisation des adresses aux États-Unis (Toponymies, noms des rues, abréviations, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonction">Fonction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Fonction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fonction"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le GNIS étudie toute proposition de changement de nom toponymique des lieux. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">U.S. Board on Geographic Names (page d'accueil)</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">le site du GNIS</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-09-14" data-sort-value="2018-09-14">14 septembre 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Base_de_donn%C3%A9es_toponymiques_du_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Base de données toponymiques du Canada (page inexistante)">Base de données toponymiques du Canada</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_Names_Board_of_Canada" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical Names Board of Canada"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Geographical Names Board of Canada »">(en)</span></a>, une base de données similaire, mais non publique, pour les localités situées au Canada seulement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, une base de données concernant les lieux, hors États-Unis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_d%27experts_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_noms_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Groupe d'experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques">Groupe d'experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Names_Information_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/">Site officiel</a></cite></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nhd.usgs.gov/gnis.html">Information générale au sujet du GNIS</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Toponymie" title="Modèle:Palette Toponymie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Toponymie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Toponymie" title="Toponymie">Toponymie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sections thématiques par référent</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydronymie" title="Hydronymie">Hydronymie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odonymie" title="Odonymie">Odonymie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronymie" title="Oronymie">Oronymie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiotoponymie" title="Hagiotoponymie">Hagiotoponymie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres sections</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endonymie" title="Endonymie">Endonymie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exonymie" title="Exonymie">Exonymie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponyme_pl%C3%A9onastique" title="Toponyme pléonastique">Toponyme pléonastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponyme_d%C3%A9natur%C3%A9" title="Toponyme dénaturé">Toponyme dénaturé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_(parrainage)" title="Naming (parrainage)">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compl%C3%A9ment_de_toponyme" title="Complément de toponyme">Complément de toponyme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Normalisation</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Pratiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_et_translitt%C3%A9ration" title="Transcription et translittération">Transcription et translittération</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_(%C3%A9criture)" title="Romanisation (écriture)">Romanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_BGN/PCGN" title="Romanisation BGN/PCGN">Romanisation BGN/PCGN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signalisation_routi%C3%A8re_bilingue" title="Signalisation routière bilingue">Signalisation routière bilingue</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Institutions</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_d%27experts_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_noms_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Groupe d'experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques">Groupe d’experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Board_on_Geographic_Names" title="United States Board on Geographic Names">Bureau des États-Unis pour le nommage géographique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanent_Committee_on_Geographical_Names_for_British_Official_Use&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (page inexistante)">Comité permanent des noms géographiques pour l’usage britannique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_royale_de_toponymie_et_de_dialectologie" title="Commission royale de toponymie et de dialectologie">Commission royale de toponymie et de dialectologie</a> (Belgique)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_de_toponymie_du_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission de toponymie du Canada (page inexistante)">Commission de toponymie du Canada</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_Names_Board_of_Canada" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical Names Board of Canada"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Geographical Names Board of Canada »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_nationale_de_toponymie" title="Commission nationale de toponymie">Commission nationale de toponymie</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie" title="Commission de toponymie">Commission de toponymie</a> (Québec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Antarctic_Names" title="Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names">Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Bases de données</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geographic Names Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_topographique" title="Dictionnaire topographique">Dictionnaire topographique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_rues" title="Dictionnaire des rues">Dictionnaire des rues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANTOIR" title="FANTOIR">FANTOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPO_(fichier)" title="TOPO (fichier)">TOPO</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Toponymies particulières</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Exemples</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_(g%C3%A9ographie)" title="Nouveau (géographie)">Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_p%C3%A9riphrases_d%C3%A9signant_des_pays" title="Liste de périphrases désignant des pays">Liste de périphrases désignant des pays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_p%C3%A9riphrases_d%C3%A9signant_des_villes" title="Liste de périphrases désignant des villes">Liste de périphrases désignant des villes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_toponymes_courts" title="Liste de toponymes courts">Liste de toponymes courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_toponymes_les_plus_longs" title="Liste des toponymes les plus longs">Liste des toponymes les plus longs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffixe_-acum" title="Suffixe -acum">Suffixe -acum</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Par lieu</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_en_Afrique_du_Sud" title="Toponymie en Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_d%27Andorre" title="Toponymie d'Andorre">Andorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_basque" title="Toponymie basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_de_la_Belgique" title="Toponymie de la Belgique">Belgique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toponymie_du_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toponymie du Canada (page inexistante)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_n%C3%A9o-brunswickoise" title="Toponymie néo-brunswickoise">Nouveau-Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9coise" title="Toponymie québécoise">Québec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_ga%C3%A9lique" title="Toponymie gaélique">Gaélique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Toponymie française">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_de_l%27Aubrac" title="Toponymie de l'Aubrac">Aubrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_bretonne" title="Toponymie bretonne">Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_des_%C3%AEles_Kerguelen" title="Toponymie des îles Kerguelen">Îles Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_normande" title="Toponymie normande">Normandie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_occitane" title="Toponymie occitane">Occitanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_des_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Toponymie des Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_du_Luxembourg" title="Toponymie du Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_du_Mexique" title="Toponymie du Mexique">Mexique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_de_la_Suisse_romande" title="Toponymie de la Suisse romande">Suisse romande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_du_Tchad" title="Toponymie du Tchad">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymie_du_Zimbabwe" title="Toponymie du Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background-color:#ddddff;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Toponymiste" title="Catégorie:Toponymiste">Liste de toponymistes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Portail des États-Unis"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/63px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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