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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry M. Teller</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هنری مور تلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هنری مور تلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Генры Мур Тэлер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генры Мур Тэлер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moore_Teller" title="Henry Moore Teller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry Moore Teller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moore_Teller" title="Henry Moore Teller – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henry Moore Teller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هنری مور تلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری مور تلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry M. Teller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="הנרי טלר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנרי טלר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Henry M. Teller" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85._%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="هينرى ام. تيلير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هينرى ام. تيلير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80" title="Теллер, Генри Мур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теллер, Генри Мур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henry M. Teller" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1575475#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1830–1914)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Henry Teller</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg/220px-Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg/330px-Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg/440px-Henry_Moore_Teller_c._1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1909</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Nathaniel P. Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Hughes_Jr." title="Charles J. Hughes Jr.">Charles J. Hughes Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 15, 1876 – April 17, 1882</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seat established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_M._Chilcott" title="George M. Chilcott">George M. Chilcott</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">15th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 18, 1882 – March 3, 1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Kirkwood" title="Samuel J. Kirkwood">Samuel J. Kirkwood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II">Lucius Lamar</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1830-05-23</span>)</span>May 23, 1830<br /><a href="/wiki/Granger,_New_York" title="Granger, New York">Granger, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 23, 1914<span style="display:none">(1914-02-23)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Cemetery_(Denver,_Colorado)" title="Fairmount Cemetery (Denver, Colorado)">Fairmount Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1876–1897)<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a> (1897–1903)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1903–1909)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry M. Teller's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png/128px-Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png/192px-Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Signature_of_Henry_Moore_Teller.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="33" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281865%E2%80%931867%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Guard" title="Colorado National Guard">Colorado Militia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1864–1867</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_War" title="Colorado War">Colorado War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Moore Teller</b> (May 23, 1830 – February 23, 1914) was an American politician from <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, serving as a U.S. senator between 1876–1882 and 1885–1909, also serving as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> between 1882 and 1885. He strongly opposed the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a>, intended to break up communal Native American lands and force assimilation of the people, accurately stating that it was directed at forcing the Indians to give up their land so that it could be sold to white settlers. Among his most prominent achievements was authoring the <a href="/wiki/Teller_Amendment" title="Teller Amendment">Teller Amendment</a> which definitively stated that, following the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, the United States would not annex Cuba, rather that the purpose of their involvement would be to help it gain independence from Spain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_and_early_career">Life and early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry Moore Teller was given life into a large Methodist family on a farm in Granger, New York, in 1830. Educated at local academies when he was young, he went on to take up teaching in order to pay his way through law school. He interned in the office of Judge Martin Grover of Angelica, New York, and became a lawyer in 1858. Although was admitted to the state bar, he moved to Morrison, Illinois where he practiced law for three years and helped establish the Republican Party of Illinois. Following that, in 1861, Teller set up a law office in Central City, present-day Colorado, where he married Harriet M. Bruce and had two sons and a daughter. During that time, Teller also served as major general of Colorado militia from 1864 to 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1865, Teller was one of the chief organizers of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Central_Railroad" title="Colorado Central Railroad">Colorado Central Railroad</a>, writing its original charter and becoming its president for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, until Colorado achieved statehood, Teller continued work as a corporate attorney, where he would gain enough prominence to be admitted to its upcoming Senate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Colorado's admission to the Union in 1876, Teller was elected by state legislature to be a U.S. senator. He served a brief three-month term, and was then elected for his first full six-year term, going on to be re-elected three more times and representing Colorado in the Senate for over 25 years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1882, President Chester Arthur named Teller secretary of the interior after Samuel Kirkwood resigned on April 17 of that year. As interior secretary, Teller had oversight of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a>, and vigorously opposed the allotment of Indian lands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1880, Teller became ardently connected with the <a href="/wiki/Free_Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Silver">Free Silver</a> question, doing much in and out of Congress with tongue and pen. Teller returned to the Senate in 1885. He was instrumental in securing a declaration in favor of <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a>, and he was a conspicuous actor in the prolonged fight in the Senate against its unconditional repeal following the 1892 Republican National Convention. The decision thus made was to keep the gold standard intact indefinitely and, in response, Teller and 24 others marched out of the 1896 Republican National Convention. As a staunch supporter of bimetallism, along with being a prominent figure, he joined the other leading Silver Republicans and became leader of the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as bimetallism increasingly fell out of national politics, the party lost much of its influence, and many Silver Republicans returned to the Republican Party. Unlike them, however, Teller never returned to the Republican Party. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Moore_Teller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Henry_Moore_Teller.png/150px-Henry_Moore_Teller.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Henry_Moore_Teller.png/225px-Henry_Moore_Teller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Henry_Moore_Teller.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Henry Moore Teller</figcaption></figure> <p>With the decline of the Silver Republican organization, Teller served as Colorado's Democratic senator for the remainder of the time until 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teller helped the Democratic Party gain more power in Colorado, which was previously dominated by Republicans. </p><p>During the Spanish–American War, Teller gained national prominence for influencing the creation of the Teller Amendment, an amendment to the Joint Resolution for the war with Spain, passed by the House and Senate on April 19, 1898. </p><p>After 33 years of service and retiring from Senate in 1909, Teller returned to practicing law in Colorado for the remainder of his life. </p><p>Teller died on February 23, 1914, and he is buried at <a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Cemetery_(Denver,_Colorado)" title="Fairmount Cemetery (Denver, Colorado)">Fairmount Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_foreign_and_domestic_affairs">On foreign and domestic affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: On foreign and domestic affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_Americans">Native Americans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Native Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teller first became implicated in Native American affairs during the "Indian troubles" in 1863, when the <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapahoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> people were forced off the eastern plains of Colorado. For this reason, he was appointed major general of Colorado's territorial militia in that same year, a post that he held until 1865. </p><p>Later on, Teller became one of the most outspoken opponents of the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">allotment</a> of Native American land. Allotment was a process by which communal ownership of Indian lands would be ended and the land portioned out to individual Native Americans, with the "excess" to be sold to the government. In 1881, Teller said that allotment was a policy "to despoil the Indians of their lands and to make them vagabonds on the face of the earth." Teller also said, </p> <blockquote><p>The real aim this bill is to get at the Indian lands and open them up to settlement. The provisions for the apparent benefit of the Indians are but the pretext to get at his lands and occupy them. ... If this were done in the name of greed, it would be bad enough; but to do it in the name of humanity, and under the cloak of an ardent desire to promote the Indian's welfare by making him lie ourselves, whether he will or not, is infinitely worse.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Teller would be proven correct. Land owned by Indians decreased from 138 million acres (560,000 km<sup>2</sup>) in 1887 to 48 million acres (190,000 km<sup>2</sup>) in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Secretary of the Interior with oversight over the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Teller also had a lot to do with reforming Native American schools. However, Teller's defense of Indian land rights conflicts with his stance against traditional American Indian customs. For instance, in 1883 he approved the <a href="/wiki/The_Code_of_Indian_Offenses" title="The Code of Indian Offenses">Indian Religious Crimes Code</a>, codified by Commissioner of Indian Affairs <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Price" title="Hiram Price">Hiram Price</a>, which sought to prohibit Native American traditional ceremonial activity throughout the United States. Customs, dances, plural marriage, and other practices were to be prosecuted by a "Court of Indian Offenses," with authority to impose penalties of up to 90 days imprisonment and withholding government rations. The intent of the Code was to eliminate traditional Indian culture on reservations, however the <a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a> were exempt from the code.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secretary Teller installed Indian judges to prosecute any Indians involved in the "immoral" dances, in addition to polygamy, and the sale of Indian wives.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White missionaries, educators, and the federal government feared that the traditional dances were war dances, especially the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>, in which young men tested themselves in painful displays.<sup id="cite_ref-Lp81_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lp81-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such suppressive measures against Indian culture were finally repealed by Commissioner <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(reformer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Collier (reformer)">John Collier</a> in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Lp81_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lp81-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Probably one of Teller's major achievements was, during the Spanish–American War in 1898, when he greatly influenced the creation of the Teller Amendment, which expressly set forth the United States' reasons for involvement in the war. Although condemned by some for preventing U.S. annexation of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, Teller believed with conviction that the goal of the United States should be to support the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a> for an autonomous nation. As such, Teller made this apparent in his following statement: </p> <blockquote><p>I never could do better than now, when the American flag has come down from Cuba, but, better still, a flag for Cuba has gone up. The American flag is the best flag in the world for Americans. It is not the best flag for men who do not want it. It is not the best flag for Cuba. Cuba's flag, not representing a hundredth part of the power or glory of ours, Is the flag for Cuba, and when the Filipinos shall put up their flag and ours shall come down, as I believe it will some day, it will be a better flag to them than ours can be, although you may administer your government with all the kindness and all the wisdom of which human beings are capable. The best flag is the flag that the men themselves put up. It is the only flag that ought to command the admiration and love and affection of the men who live under it, and it is the only flag that will. Liberty-loving men will never have any love for a flag that they do not create and that they do not defend.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>With such in mind, the fourth resolution of what would come to be known collectively as the Teller Amendment echoed this resolve. Henry M. Teller would later gain national recognition for his stance in Cuban affairs, and the political atmosphere following its approval became directed towards diplomacy assuring Cuban independence. However, this would be undermined by the later <a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a> until its abrogation in 1934. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States senators who switched parties">List of United States senators who switched parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Turner_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Turner (U.S. politician)">George Turner (U.S. politician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_Amendment" title="Teller Amendment">Teller Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_County,_Colorado" title="Teller County, Colorado">Teller County, Colorado</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=RMD18640702.2.44&srpos=2&e=10-02-1864-12-12-1866--en-20--1--txt-txIN-Teller+militia-------0-#">"Rocky Mountain News Weekly"</a>. February 6, 1867<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rocky+Mountain+News+Weekly&rft.date=1867-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcolorado%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DRMD18640702.2.44%26srpos%3D2%26e%3D10-02-1864-12-12-1866--en-20--1--txt-txIN-Teller%2Bmilitia-------0-%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd2012" class="citation web cs1">Dodd, Beth (November 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainjackpot.com/2012/11/30/who-was-henry-m-teller/">"Who was Henry Moore Teller?"</a>. <i>The Mountain Jackpot</i>. The Mountain Jackpot News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mountain+Jackpot&rft.atitle=Who+was+Henry+Moore+Teller%3F&rft.date=2012-11-30&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainjackpot.com%2F2012%2F11%2F30%2Fwho-was-henry-m-teller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Featured_Bio_Teller.htm">"Henry M. Teller: A Featured Biography"</a>. <i>United States Senate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Senate&rft.atitle=Henry+M.+Teller%3A+A+Featured+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FFeatured_Bio_Teller.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/senators_changed_parties.htm#3">U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > People > Senators > Senators Who Changed Parties During Senate Service (Since 1890)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cd-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cd_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000">"S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903"</a>. <i>GovInfo.gov</i>. U.S. Government Printing Office. November 9, 1903. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovInfo.gov&rft.atitle=S.+Doc.+58-1+-+Fifty-eighth+Congress.+%28Extraordinary+session+--+beginning+November+9%2C+1903.%29+Official+Congressional+Directory+for+the+use+of+the+United+States+Congress.+Compiled+under+the+direction+of+the+Joint+Committee+on+Printing+by+A.J.+Halford.+Special+edition.+Corrections+made+to+November+5%2C+1903&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1903-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FSERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Pommersheim <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbNdwTo2ENEC&dq=the+real+aim&pg=PA128"><i>Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution</i></a>. Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunn, Steven J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotes.com/major-acts-congress/indian-general-allotment-act-dawes-act/print">"Major Acts of Congress:Indian General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) (1887)."</a>, accessed 21 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribal-law.blogspot.com/2008/02/code-of-indian-offenses.html">"Code of Indian Offenses."</a>, accessed 25 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doenecke (1981), p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lp81-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lp81_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lp81_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laubin (1977), <i>Indian dances of North America</i>, p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofcolorad02ston/historyofcolorad02ston_djvu.txt">"Full text of "History of Colorado;"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>archive.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+%22History+of+Colorado%3B%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoryofcolorad02ston%2Fhistoryofcolorad02ston_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Teller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_Moore_Teller" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henry Moore Teller">Henry Moore Teller</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Henry_Moore_Teller" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Henry Moore Teller">Henry M. Teller</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressT000116" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000116">"Henry M. Teller (id: T000116)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Henry+M.+Teller+%28id%3A+T000116%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+M.+Teller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M.%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Teller%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20M.%20Teller%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20M.%20Teller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20M.%20Teller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M.%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Teller%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Teller%2C%20H%2E%20M.%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20M.%20Teller%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20M.%20Teller%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Teller%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M.%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Teller%2C%20Henry%20M%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221830-1914%22%20AND%20Teller%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Henry M. Teller</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6654619">Henry M. Teller</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New seat</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Colorado">U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Colorado</a> </b><br />1876–1882 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Jerome_B._Chaffee" title="Jerome B. Chaffee">Jerome B. Chaffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Nathaniel P. Hill</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_M._Chilcott" title="George M. Chilcott">George M. Chilcott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">Senate Civil Service Committee</a> </b><br />1877–1879 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Matthew Butler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Nathaniel P. Hill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Colorado">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Colorado</a> </b><br />1885–1909 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Bowen" title="Thomas M. Bowen">Thomas M. Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Edward O. Wolcott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Patterson" title="Thomas M. Patterson">Thomas M. Patterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Guggenheim" title="Simon Guggenheim">Simon Guggenheim</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Hughes_Jr." title="Charles J. Hughes Jr.">Charles J. Hughes Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Kirkwood" title="Samuel J. Kirkwood">Samuel J. Kirkwood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a> </b><br />1882–1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II">Lucius Lamar</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="Template:United States senators from Colorado"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Chilcott">Chilcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Tabor" title="Horace Tabor">Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Bowen" title="Thomas M. Bowen">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Patterson" title="Thomas M. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Guggenheim" title="Simon Guggenheim">Guggenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Shafroth" title="John F. Shafroth">Shafroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Costigan" title="Edward P. Costigan">Costigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_C._Johnson" title="Edwin C. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allott" title="Gordon Allott">Allott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Haskell" title="Floyd Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Armstrong" title="William L. Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Brown" title="Hank Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allard" title="Wayne Allard">Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Udall" title="Mark Udall">Udall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Gardner" title="Cory Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_B._Chaffee" title="Jerome B. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Hughes_Jr." title="Charles J. Hughes Jr.">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Thomas" title="Charles S. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Nicholson" title="Samuel D. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_B._Adams" title="Alva B. Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_W._Means" title="Rice W. Means">Means</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Waterman" title="Charles W. Waterman">Waterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Walker_(politician)" title="Walter Walker (politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_C._Schuyler" title="Karl C. Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_B._Adams" title="Alva B. Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Carroll" title="John A. Carroll">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Dominick" title="Peter H. Dominick">Dominick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wirth" title="Tim Wirth">Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Bennet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service313" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service313" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads<br />(1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Wilson" title="James J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">Lanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robinson_(Illinois_politician)" title="John M. Robinson (Illinois politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(Mississippi_politician)" title="John Henderson (Mississippi politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dixon" title="James Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Mason_(American_politician)" title="William E. Mason (American politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bourne_Jr._(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_Oddie" title="Tasker Oddie">Oddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service and Retrenchment<br />(1873–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chace" title="Jonathan Chace">Chace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Call" title="Wilkinson Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Baker" title="Lucien Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Monroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_W._McGee" title="Gale W. McGee">McGee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third-party_United_States_senators846" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third-party_US_senators" title="Template:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third-party_US_senators" title="Template talk:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third-party_US_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third-party_United_States_senators846" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress">Third-party</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0EBFB0;"><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Robert Y. Hayne</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur_Miller" title="Stephen Decatur Miller">Stephen D. Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">William C. Preston</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D99FE8;"><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy_(Maryland_politician)" title="Anthony Kennedy (Maryland politician)">Anthony Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_Thompson" title="John Burton Thompson">John B. Thompson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Lawrence Brainerd</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">OH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Gillette" title="Francis Gillette">Francis Gillette</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">James Harlan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">IA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ffaacc;"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_J._Bowden" title="Lemuel J. Bowden">Lemuel J. Bowden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Carlile" title="John S. Carlile">John S. Carlile</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">John Creswell</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Davis" title="Garrett Davis">Garrett Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Fowler" title="Joseph S. Fowler">Joseph S. Fowler</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">John B. Henderson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Hicks" title="Thomas Holliday Hicks">Thomas H. Hicks</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_T._Patterson" title="David T. Patterson">David T. Patterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Van_Winkle" title="Peter G. Van Winkle">Peter G. Van Winkle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitman_T._Willey" title="Waitman T. Willey">Waitman T. Willey</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(Missouri_politician)" title="Robert Wilson (Missouri politician)">Robert Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF69B4;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Reuben Fenton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_S._Ferry" title="Orris S. Ferry">Orris S. Ferry</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Morgan C. Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">TX</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Trumbull" title="Lyman Trumbull">Lyman Trumbull</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0EBFE9;"><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Mahone" title="William Mahone">William Mahone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_H._Riddleberger" title="Harrison H. Riddleberger">Harrison H. Riddleberger</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ACE1AF;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Allen" title="William V. Allen">William V. Allen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Butler" title="Marion Butler">Marion Butler</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">NC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Harris_(Kansas_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alexander Harris (Kansas politician)">William A. Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Heitfeld" title="Henry Heitfeld">Henry Heitfeld</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">James H. Kyle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Peffer" title="William A. Peffer">William A. Peffer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A3BFBA;"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Cannon" title="Frank J. Cannon">Frank J. Cannon</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Utah" title="List of United States senators from Utah">UT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dubois" title="Fred Dubois">Fred Dubois</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Jones_(Nevada_politician)" title="John P. Jones (Nevada politician)">John P. Jones</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Mantle" title="Lee Mantle">Lee Mantle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Montana" title="List of United States senators from Montana">MT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Richard F. Pettigrew</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">William M. Stewart</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry M. Teller</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="List of United States senators from Colorado">CO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FCF5D9;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_League" title="Nonpartisan League">Nonpartisan League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Frazier" title="Lynn Frazier">Lynn Frazier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">William Langer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #66FF99;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Benson" title="Elmer A. Benson">Elmer A. Benson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Johnson" title="Magnus Johnson">Magnus Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lundeen" title="Ernest Lundeen">Ernest Lundeen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dean_Barkley" title="Dean Barkley">Dean Barkley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">Independence</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#66F500;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Newton_Booth" title="Newton Booth">Newton Booth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Party" title="Anti-Monopoly Party">Anti-Monopoly</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">CA</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">James L. Buckley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#00DDDD;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cilley_(1791%E2%80%931887)" title="Joseph Cilley (1791–1887)">Joseph Cilley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#00DDDD;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Francis" title="John Brown Francis">John B. Francis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Law_and_Order_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Law and Order Party of Rhode Island">Law and Order</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island" title="List of United States senators from Rhode Island">RI</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#5FD170;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Progressive_Party" title="Wisconsin Progressive Party">Progressive</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">WI</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#B63434;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Miles_Poindexter" title="Miles Poindexter">Miles Poindexter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912%E2%80%931920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912–1920)">Progressive</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Washington" title="List of United States senators from Washington">WA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd_Jr." title="Harry F. Byrd Jr.">Harry F. Byrd Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">David Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jim Jeffords</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maine" title="List of United States senators from Maine">ME</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oregon" title="List of United States senators from Oregon">OR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">George W. Norris</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">AZ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party (U.S. politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third-party performances in United States elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_the_interior85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_secretaries_of_interior" title="Template:United States secretaries of interior"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_secretaries_of_interior" title="Template talk:United States secretaries of interior"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_secretaries_of_interior" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States secretaries of interior"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_the_interior85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States secretaries of the interior</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean_Thompson_McKennan" title="Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan">McKennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_Holmes_Stuart" title="Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClelland_(American_politician)" title="Robert McClelland (American politician)">McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Thompson" title="Jacob Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Blood_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Caleb Blood Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer_Usher" title="John Palmer Usher">Usher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Hickman_Browning" title="Orville Hickman Browning">Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Dolson_Cox" title="Jacob Dolson Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Delano" title="Columbus Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Kirkwood" title="Samuel J. Kirkwood">Kirkwood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willock_Noble" title="John Willock Noble">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Francis" title="David R. Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Newton_Bliss" title="Cornelius Newton Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_A._Hitchcock_(Interior)" title="Ethan A. Hitchcock (Interior)">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rudolph_Garfield" title="James Rudolph Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Ballinger" title="Richard A. Ballinger">Ballinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._Fisher" title="Walter L. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Knight_Lane" title="Franklin Knight Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barton_Payne" title="John Barton Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Fall" title="Albert B. Fall">Fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Owen_West" title="Roy Owen West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lyman_Wilbur" title="Ray Lyman Wilbur">Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Ickes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Albert_Krug" title="Julius Albert Krug">Krug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_L._Chapman" title="Oscar L. Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_McKay" title="Douglas McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_A._Seaton" title="Fred A. Seaton">Seaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Udall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_K._Hathaway" title="Stanley K. Hathaway">Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Kleppe" title="Thomas S. Kleppe">Kleppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Andrus" title="Cecil Andrus">Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Watt" title="James G. Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Clark_Jr." title="William P. Clark Jr.">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_P._Hodel" title="Donald P. Hodel">Hodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lujan_Jr." title="Manuel Lujan Jr.">Lujan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Babbitt" title="Bruce Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_Norton" title="Gale Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Kempthorne" title="Dirk Kempthorne">Kempthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Zinke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bernhardt" title="David Bernhardt">Bernhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Haaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Burgum</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of the Interior"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of the Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Chester_A._Arthur_(1881–1885)535" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthur_cabinet" title="Template:Arthur cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthur_cabinet" title="Template talk:Arthur cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Chester_A._Arthur_(1881–1885)535" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (1881–1885)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frederick T. Frelinghuysen</a> (1881–1885)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg/120px-Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg/180px-Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg/240px-Chester_Alan_Arthur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="3206" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom_(politician)" title="William Windom (politician)">William Windom</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Folger" title="Charles J. Folger">Charles J. Folger</a> (1881–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Walter Q. Gresham</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">Hugh McCulloch</a> (1884–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert Todd Lincoln</a> (1881–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_MacVeagh" title="Wayne MacVeagh">Wayne MacVeagh</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Brewster" title="Benjamin H. Brewster">Benjamin H. Brewster</a> (1881–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lemuel_James" title="Thomas Lemuel James">Thomas Lemuel James</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Timothy O. Howe</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Walter Q. Gresham</a> (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hatton_(American_politician)" title="Frank Hatton (American politician)">Frank Hatton</a> (1884–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hunt" title="William H. Hunt">William H. Hunt</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">William E. Chandler</a> (1882–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Kirkwood" title="Samuel J. Kirkwood">Samuel J. Kirkwood</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry M. Teller</a> (1882–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third-party_United_States_senators846" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third-party_US_senators" title="Template:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third-party_US_senators" title="Template talk:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third-party_US_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third-party US senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third-party_United_States_senators846" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress">Third-party</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0EBFB0;"><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Robert Y. Hayne</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur_Miller" title="Stephen Decatur Miller">Stephen D. Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">William C. Preston</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D99FE8;"><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy_(Maryland_politician)" title="Anthony Kennedy (Maryland politician)">Anthony Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_Thompson" title="John Burton Thompson">John B. Thompson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Lawrence Brainerd</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">OH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Gillette" title="Francis Gillette">Francis Gillette</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">James Harlan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">IA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ffaacc;"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_J._Bowden" title="Lemuel J. Bowden">Lemuel J. Bowden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Carlile" title="John S. Carlile">John S. Carlile</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">John Creswell</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Davis" title="Garrett Davis">Garrett Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Fowler" title="Joseph S. Fowler">Joseph S. Fowler</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">John B. Henderson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Hicks" title="Thomas Holliday Hicks">Thomas H. Hicks</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_T._Patterson" title="David T. Patterson">David T. Patterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Van_Winkle" title="Peter G. Van Winkle">Peter G. Van Winkle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitman_T._Willey" title="Waitman T. Willey">Waitman T. Willey</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(Missouri_politician)" title="Robert Wilson (Missouri politician)">Robert Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF69B4;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Reuben Fenton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_S._Ferry" title="Orris S. Ferry">Orris S. Ferry</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Morgan C. Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">TX</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Trumbull" title="Lyman Trumbull">Lyman Trumbull</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0EBFE9;"><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Mahone" title="William Mahone">William Mahone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_H._Riddleberger" title="Harrison H. Riddleberger">Harrison H. Riddleberger</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ACE1AF;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Allen" title="William V. Allen">William V. Allen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Butler" title="Marion Butler">Marion Butler</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">NC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Harris_(Kansas_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alexander Harris (Kansas politician)">William A. Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Heitfeld" title="Henry Heitfeld">Henry Heitfeld</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">James H. Kyle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Peffer" title="William A. Peffer">William A. Peffer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A3BFBA;"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Cannon" title="Frank J. Cannon">Frank J. Cannon</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Utah" title="List of United States senators from Utah">UT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dubois" title="Fred Dubois">Fred Dubois</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Jones_(Nevada_politician)" title="John P. Jones (Nevada politician)">John P. Jones</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Mantle" title="Lee Mantle">Lee Mantle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Montana" title="List of United States senators from Montana">MT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Richard F. Pettigrew</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">William M. Stewart</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry M. Teller</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="List of United States senators from Colorado">CO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FCF5D9;"><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_League" title="Nonpartisan League">Nonpartisan League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Frazier" title="Lynn Frazier">Lynn Frazier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">William Langer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #66FF99;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Benson" title="Elmer A. Benson">Elmer A. Benson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Johnson" title="Magnus Johnson">Magnus Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lundeen" title="Ernest Lundeen">Ernest Lundeen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dean_Barkley" title="Dean Barkley">Dean Barkley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">Independence</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#66F500;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Newton_Booth" title="Newton Booth">Newton Booth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Party" title="Anti-Monopoly Party">Anti-Monopoly</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">CA</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">James L. Buckley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#00DDDD;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cilley_(1791%E2%80%931887)" title="Joseph Cilley (1791–1887)">Joseph Cilley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#00DDDD;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Francis" title="John Brown Francis">John B. Francis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Law_and_Order_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Law and Order Party of Rhode Island">Law and Order</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island" title="List of United States senators from Rhode Island">RI</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#5FD170;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Progressive_Party" title="Wisconsin Progressive Party">Progressive</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">WI</a>)</li> <li><span style="color:#B63434;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Miles_Poindexter" title="Miles Poindexter">Miles Poindexter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912%E2%80%931920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912–1920)">Progressive</a>–<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Washington" title="List of United States senators from Washington">WA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd_Jr." title="Harry F. Byrd Jr.">Harry F. Byrd Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">David Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jim Jeffords</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maine" title="List of United States senators from Maine">ME</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oregon" title="List of United States senators from Oregon">OR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">George W. Norris</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">AZ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party (U.S. politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third-party performances in United States elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575475#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575475#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1244" 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