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id="toc-Shadow_Minister_(2001–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Leader of the Opposition (2006–2007) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2007_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 2007 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2007–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2007–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 First term as Prime Minister (2007–2010) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2007–2010)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First term as Prime Minister (2007–2010) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2007–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Domestic policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stolen_Generations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stolen_Generations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Stolen Generations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stolen_Generations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_2020_Summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_2020_Summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Australia 2020 Summit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_2020_Summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Industrial relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.8 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.9 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Families" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Families"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.10 Families </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Families-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.11 Disabilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Foreign affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pacific_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Pacific Islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Political positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nationhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Nationhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity_and_assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_and_assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Popularity and assessment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_and_assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2010 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_minister_(2010–2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_minister_(2010–2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Foreign minister (2010–2012) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_minister_(2010–2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Leadership tensions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership_tensions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leadership tensions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-February_2012_spill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2012_spill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 February 2012 spill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2012_spill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2013_spill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2013_spill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 March 2013 spill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2013_spill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2013_spill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2013_spill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 June 2013 spill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2013_spill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Second term as Prime Minister (2013) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2013)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Second term as Prime Minister (2013) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Second_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 2013 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-political_career_(2013–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-political_career_(2013–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Post-political career (2013–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-political_career_(2013–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-political career (2013–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-political_career_(2013–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resignation_from_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_from_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Resignation from Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_from_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 International roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_commission_into_Australian_news_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_commission_into_Australian_news_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Royal commission into Australian news media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_commission_into_Australian_news_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Academic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_to_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_to_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Ambassador to the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Published works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kevin Rudd</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" > 81 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="كيفن رود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيفن رود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1" title="কেভিন রাড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেভিন রাড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Кевін Рад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кевін Рад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Кевін Рад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кевін Рад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B4" title="Кевин Ръд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кевин Ръд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Κέβιν Ραντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέβιν Ραντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کوین راد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوین راد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%B9%88_%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C" title="케빈 러드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케빈 러드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1" title="केविन रड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केविन रड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93" title="קווין ראד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווין ראד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆವಿನ್ ರುಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆವಿನ್ ರುಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კევინ რადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კევინ რადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coemgenus_Rudd" title="Coemgenus Rudd – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Coemgenus Rudd" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevins_Rads" title="Kevins Rads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kevins Rads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="കെവിൻ റൂഡ്‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കെവിൻ റൂഡ്‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewini_R%C4%81ti" title="Kewini Rāti – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kewini Rāti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1" title="केव्हिन रुड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="केव्हिन रुड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="كيڤين راد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيڤين راد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1" title="केभिन रुड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="केभिन रुड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ケビン・ラッド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケビン・ラッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4,_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Радд, Кевин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радд, Кевин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AF" title="کێڤین ڕەد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کێڤین ڕەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Кевин Рад – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кевин Рад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="கெவின் ரட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெவின் ரட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కెవిన్ రడ్డ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెవిన్ రడ్డ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="เควิน รัดด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เควิน รัดด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4" title="Кевін Радд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кевін Радд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%95%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%AF" title="كەۋىن رۇد – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كەۋىن رۇد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kevin Rudd" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="陸克文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陸克文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="陆克文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="陆克文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010; 2013)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the rugby league player, see <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd_(rugby_league)" title="Kevin Rudd (rugby league)">Kevin Rudd (rugby league)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Kevin Rudd</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of Kevin Rudd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="1834" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2007</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Australia to the United States">Ambassador of Australia to the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 20 March 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sinodinos" title="Arthur Sinodinos">Arthur Sinodinos</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">26th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> Elections: <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 27 June 2013 – 18 September 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Anthony Albanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 3 December 2007 – 24 June 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governors General</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery_(Australian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)">Michael Jeffery</a></li> <li>Quentin Bryce</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party#Leader" title="Leaders of the Australian Labor Party">Leader of the Labor Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office <a href="/wiki/June_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">26 June 2013</a> – 13 September 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Anthony Albanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office <a href="/wiki/2006_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2006 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">4 December 2006</a> – 24 June 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 December 2006 – 3 December 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">John Howard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Kim Beazley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Nelson" title="Brendan Nelson">Brendan Nelson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 September 2010 – 22 February 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Gillard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Smith (Australian politician)">Stephen Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Bob Carr</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Griffith</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 3 October 1998 – 22 November 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_McDougall" title="Graeme McDougall">Graeme McDougall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terri_Butler" title="Terri Butler">Terri Butler</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Kevin Michael Rudd</div> (1957-09-21) 21 September 1957 (age 67) <a href="/wiki/Nambour" title="Nambour">Nambour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein" title="Thérèse Rein">Thérèse Rein</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1981)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kevin Rudd's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg/128px-Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg/192px-Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg/256px-Kevin_Rudd_Signature_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="46" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kevinrudd.com">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Kevin 07<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marist_College_Ashgrove" title="Marist College Ashgrove">Marist College Ashgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambour_State_High_School" title="Nambour State High School">Nambour State High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">DPhil</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c63d843-6a36-486d-b6be-fe4f66a08058">China’s New Marxist Nationalism: Defining Xi Jinping’s Ideological Worldview</a> (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Paul Irwin Crookes</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg" title="File:Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg">Kevin Rudd's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="123" data-mwtitle="Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg/Kevin-Rudd-Voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Rudd speaking about his government's economic plan Recorded 27 August 2013</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#F00011; color:#FFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="1834" /></a></td> <td style="background:#F00011; color:#FFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_and_education">Early life</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Diplomatic_career">Diplomatic career</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Entry_into_politics">Goss government</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Griffith</a> (1998–2013)</li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Member_of_Parliament_(1998–2007)">Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Member_of_Parliament_(1998–2007)">Shadow Minister for Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2006 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2006 Labor Party leadership spill</a></li></ul> <hr /> Prime Minister of Australia <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%932010)" title="Rudd government (2007–2010)">First term of government</a> (2007–2010) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_to_Australia%27s_Indigenous_peoples" title="Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples">Apology to the Stolen Generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%932010)#Immigration" title="Rudd government (2007–2010)">Immigration policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_2020_Summit" title="Australia 2020 Summit">Australia 2020 Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_fiscal_policy_response_to_the_Great_Recession#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession">GFC stimulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Homes_Package" title="Energy Efficient Homes Package">Home Insulation Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_the_Home_Insulation_Program" title="Royal Commission into the Home Insulation Program">Royal Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utegate" title="Utegate">OzCar affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Resource_Rent_Tax" title="Minerals Resource Rent Tax">Resource Super Profits Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadband_Network" title="National Broadband Network">National Broadband Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2010 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2010 Labor Party leadership spill</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gillard_government" title="Gillard government">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2012 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2012 Labor Party leadership spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2013 Labor Party leadership spill</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2013)" title="Rudd government (2013)">Second term of government</a> (2013) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_Australia#Second_Rudd_government_(2013)" title="Immigration detention in Australia">Papua New Guinea Solution</a></li></ul> <hr /> Ministries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="First Rudd Ministry">First Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rudd_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Rudd Ministry">Second Ministry</a></li></ul> <hr /> Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" title="Government of Australia"><img alt="Government of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Kevin_Rudd_sidebar" title="Template:Kevin Rudd sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kevin_Rudd_sidebar" title="Template talk:Kevin Rudd sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kevin_Rudd_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kevin Rudd sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is an Australian diplomat and former politician who served as the 26th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Australia">prime minister of Australia</a> from 2007 to 2010 and June to September 2013. He held office as the <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party#Leader" title="Leaders of the Australian Labor Party">leader of the Labor Party</a> (ALP) and was the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a> (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> division of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Griffith</a> from 1998 to 2013. Since 2023, Rudd has been the 23rd <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Australia to the United States">ambassador of Australia to the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Born in <a href="/wiki/Nambour" title="Nambour">Nambour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Rudd graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> with honours in <a href="/wiki/Sinology" title="Sinology">Chinese studies</a>, and is fluent in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a>. Before politics, he worked as a diplomat and public servant for the Queensland state government of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Goss" title="Wayne Goss">Wayne Goss</a>. Rudd was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1998_Australian_federal_election" title="1998 Australian federal election">1998 federal election</a>, as (MP) for Griffith. Promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Cabinet (Australia)">shadow cabinet</a> in 2001 as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs</a>, he assumed leadership of the Labor Party in December 2006 by defeating <a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2006_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2006 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">leadership spill</a>, becoming <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">leader of the opposition</a>. Rudd led Labor to a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007 election</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%932010)" title="Rudd government (2007–2010)">his government</a>'s earliest acts included ratifying the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> on climate change and delivering the first national <a href="/wiki/Apology_to_Australia%27s_Indigenous_peoples" title="Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples">apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a>. His government responded to the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, implementing <a href="/wiki/National_fiscal_policy_response_to_the_Great_Recession#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession">economic stimulus packages</a> that resulted in Australia becoming one of the only developed countries to avoid the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>. Rudd's government also oversaw the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadband_Network" title="National Broadband Network">National Broadband Network</a> (NBN), the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Education_Revolution" title="Digital Education Revolution">Digital Education Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Building_the_Education_Revolution" title="Building the Education Revolution">Building the Education Revolution</a> programs, dismantling <a href="/wiki/WorkChoices" title="WorkChoices">WorkChoices</a>, and withdrew Australian troops from the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. By 2010, Rudd's leadership had faltered due to a loss of support among the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_Caucus" title="Australian Labor Party Caucus">Labor caucus</a> and failure to pass key legislation like the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a>. He resigned as prime minister in June 2010 after his deputy <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a> challenged him in a <a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2010 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">leadership spill</a>. He was replaced by Gillard as prime minister, who later appointed him as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gillard_government" title="Gillard government">her government</a>. Leadership tensions between Rudd and Gillard continued, leading to Rudd resigning as Foreign Minister in February 2012 to unsuccessfully <a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2012 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">challenge her for the leadership</a> of the party. After further leadership speculation, Rudd defeated Gillard in <a href="/wiki/June_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">a final leadership ballot</a> in June 2013, becoming prime minister for the second time. However, Labor were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013 election</a>, ending his <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2013)" title="Rudd government (2013)">second term</a> after only two months. Rudd retired from parliament following the election, but has stayed active in political discourse and academia, completing a DPhil at <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College, Oxford</a>, in 2022. He has been involved in a number of international organizations, advocating for issues such as China-United States relations and Australian media diversity. He was appointed as Australia's Ambassador to the U.S. by the <a href="/wiki/Albanese_government" title="Albanese government">Albanese government</a> in March 2023. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Rudd is of English and Irish descent.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> His father's great-grandparents were English: Thomas Rudd and Mary Cable. Thomas had been convicted of stealing a bag of sugar, arrived in NSW on board the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Cornwallis_(1783_ship)" title="Earl Cornwallis (1783 ship)">Earl Cornwallis</a> in 1801.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Mary had been sentenced to transportation for stealing a <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)" title="Bolt (cloth)">bolt of cloth</a>, arriving in the colony in 1804.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> His mother's grandparents, Owen Cashin and Hannah Maher, who were both born in Ireland, met and married in Brisbane in 1887.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Rudd was born in <a href="/wiki/Nambour" title="Nambour">Nambour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, to Albert ("Bert") and Margaret (née DeVere) Rudd, the youngest son of four children, and grew up on a dairy farm in nearby <a href="/wiki/Eumundi,_Queensland" title="Eumundi, Queensland">Eumundi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> At an early age (5–7), he contracted <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a> and spent a considerable time at home convalescing. It damaged his heart, in particular the valves, for which he has thus far had two <a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement" title="Aortic valve replacement">aortic valve replacement</a> surgeries, but this was discovered only some 12 years later.<a href="#cite_note-Marr,_David-2010-8">[8]</a> Farm life, which required the use of horses and guns, is where he developed his lifelong love of horse riding and shooting clay targets.<a href="#cite_note-SMH_kid-9">[9]</a> He attended Eumundi State School.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> When Rudd was 11, his father, a share farmer and <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">Country Party</a> member, died. Rudd states that the family was required to leave the farm amidst financial difficulty between two and three weeks after the death, though the family of the landowner states that the Rudds didn't have to leave for almost six months.<a href="#cite_note-Duff-2007-11">[11]</a> Following this traumatic childhood and despite familial connections with the Country Party, Rudd joined the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> in 1972 at the age of 15.<a href="#cite_note-Marriner-2006-12">[12]</a> Rudd boarded at <a href="/wiki/Marist_College_Ashgrove" title="Marist College Ashgrove">Marist College Ashgrove</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> although these years were not happy due to the indignity of poverty and reliance on charity; he was known to be a "charity case" due to his father's sudden death. He has since described the school as "tough, harsh, unforgiving, institutional Catholicism of the old school".<a href="#cite_note-Marr,_David-2010-8">[8]</a> Two years later, after she retrained as a nurse, Rudd's mother moved the family to Nambour, and Rudd rebuilt his standing through study and scholastic application<a href="#cite_note-Marr,_David-2010-8">[8]</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Dux#Education" title="Dux">dux</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nambour_State_High_School" title="Nambour State High School">Nambour State High School</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Aus5Dec2006-14">[14]</a> In that year, he was also the state winner of the "Youth Speaks for Australia" public speaking competition sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Chamber_International" title="Junior Chamber International">Jaycees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> His future Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a> attended the same school at the same time, although they did not know each other as Swan was three years ahead.<a href="#cite_note-Aus5Dec2006-14">[14]</a> Rudd studied at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, where he resided at <a href="/wiki/Burgmann_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgmann College">Burgmann College</a> and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Asian Studies) with <a href="/wiki/First_Class_Honours" class="mw-redirect" title="First Class Honours">First-Class Honours</a>. He majored in Chinese language and <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese history</a>, and became proficient in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a> is Lù Kèwén (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 陆克文; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 陸克文).<a href="#cite_note-SMH20071126_LuKewen-16">[16]</a> Rudd completed his BA in 1978, deferring his <a href="/wiki/Honours_degree#Australia" title="Honours degree">honours component</a> for a year during which time he took a study trip to Taiwan. He also volunteered as a research assistant with the Zadok Institute for Christianity and at a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">St Vincent de Paul</a> drug rehabilitation centre.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Rudd's thesis on Chinese democracy activist <a href="/wiki/Wei_Jingsheng" title="Wei Jingsheng">Wei Jingsheng</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> was supervised by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Ryckmans_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Ryckmans (writer)">Pierre Ryckmans</a>, the eminent <a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgian</a>-Australian <a href="/wiki/Sinologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinologist">sinologist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stuart-2007-19">[19]</a> During his studies, Rudd did housecleaning for political commentator <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Oakes" title="Laurie Oakes">Laurie Oakes</a> to earn extra money.<a href="#cite_note-Overington-2006-20">[20]</a> In 1980 he continued his Chinese studies at the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Training_Center" title="Mandarin Training Center">Mandarin Training Center</a> of <a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_Normal_University" title="National Taiwan Normal University">National Taiwan Normal University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipei,_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei, Taiwan">Taipei, Taiwan</a>. Delivering the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> Lecture at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> on The Reforming Centre of Australian Politics, Rudd praised the former Labor Prime Minister for implementing educational reforms, saying he was:<blockquote>... a kid who lived Gough Whitlam's dream that every child should have a desk with a lamp on it where he or she could study. A kid whose mum told him after the <a href="/wiki/1972_Australian_federal_election" title="1972 Australian federal election">1972 election</a> that it might just now be possible for the likes of him to go to university. A kid from the country of no particular means and of no political pedigree who could therefore dream that one day he could make a contribution to our national political life.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_career">Diplomatic career</h2></div> Rudd joined the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Department of Foreign Affairs</a> in 1981 as a graduate trainee. His first posting was as Third Secretary at the Australian Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> from November 1981 to December 1983 where he organised an Australian film festival, represented Australia at the Stockholm Conference on Acidification of the Environment, and reported on Soviet gas pipelines and European energy security.<a href="#cite_note-Weller-2014-22">[22]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] In 1984, Rudd was appointed Second Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Beijing, and promoted to First Secretary in 1985, where he was responsible for analysing <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of China">Politburo</a> politics, economic reform, arms control and human rights under <a href="/wiki/Ross_Garnaut" title="Ross Garnaut">Ross Garnaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Irvine_(diplomat)" title="David Irvine (diplomat)">David Irvine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Raby" title="Geoff Raby">Geoff Raby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weller-2014-22">[22]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] He returned to Canberra in 1987 and was assigned to the Policy Planning Branch, then the Staffing Policy Section, and was selected to serve as the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Assessments" title="Office of National Assessments">Office of National Assessments</a> Liaison Officer at the Australian High Commission in London commencing in 1989 but declined.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entry_into_politics">Entry into politics</h2></div> In 1988, he was appointed Chief of Staff to the Opposition Leader in Queensland, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Goss" title="Wayne Goss">Wayne Goss</a>. He remained in that role when Goss was elected <a href="/wiki/Premiers_of_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiers of Queensland">Premier</a> in 1989, a position he held until 1992 when Goss appointed him Director-General of the Office of Cabinet. In this position, Rudd was arguably Queensland's most powerful bureaucrat.<a href="#cite_note-Stuart-2007-19">[19]</a> He presided over a number of reforms, including development of a national program for teaching foreign languages in schools. Rudd was influential in both promoting a policy of developing an Asian languages and cultures program which was unanimously accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Australian_Governments" title="Council of Australian Governments">Council of Australian Governments</a> (COAG) in 1992 and later chaired a high-level working group which provided the foundation of the strategy in its report, which is frequently cited as "the Rudd Report".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Goss_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Goss Government">Goss Government</a> saw its majority slashed in <a href="/wiki/1995_Queensland_state_election" title="1995 Queensland state election">1995</a>, before losing it altogether after a by-election one year later. After Goss' resignation, Rudd left the Queensland Government and was hired as a Senior China Consultant by the accounting firm <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a> Australia. While in that position, he won selection to be the Labor candidate for the seat of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Griffith</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1996_Australian_federal_election" title="1996 Australian federal election">1996 federal election</a>. Despite being endorsed by the retiring Labor MP, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Humphreys" title="Ben Humphreys">Ben Humphreys</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Rudd was considerably hampered by Labor's unpopularity in Queensland, as well as a redistribution that almost halved Labor's majority. Rudd was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Graeme_McDougall" title="Graeme McDougall">Graeme McDougall</a> on the eighth count as Labor won only two seats in Queensland. Rudd stood in the same seat against McDougall in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Australian_federal_election" title="1998 Australian federal election">1998 election</a>, this time winning on the fifth count. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_of_Parliament_(1998–2007)">Member of Parliament (1998–2007)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudd4-enhanced.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rudd4-enhanced.JPG/200px-Rudd4-enhanced.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rudd4-enhanced.JPG/301px-Rudd4-enhanced.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Rudd4-enhanced.JPG 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Rudd in November 2005</figcaption></figure> Rudd made his maiden speech to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> as the new Member for the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Division of Griffith</a> on 11 November 1998.<a href="#cite_note-APH19981111_MaidenSpeech-26">[26]</a> It drew heavily his personal experience of poverty to argue for the need for strong social security, public hospitals, and public housing.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shadow_Minister_(2001–2006)">Shadow Minister (2001–2006)</h3></div> Following Labor's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2001_Australian_federal_election" title="2001 Australian federal election">2001 federal election</a>, Rudd was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet and appointed <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs">Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rudd_aph-28">[28]</a> In 2002, he met with British intelligence and helped define the position that Labor would take in regards to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. <blockquote>There is no debate or dispute as to whether Saddam Hussein possesses weapons of mass destruction. He does. There's no dispute as whether he's in violation of UN Security Council resolutions. He is.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></blockquote> After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> he would criticise the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a> over its support for the United States, while maintaining Labor's position of support for the Australian-American alliance. <blockquote>Well, what Secretary Powell and the US seems to have said is that he now has grave doubts about the accuracy of the case he put to the United Nations about the claim that Iraq possessed biological weapons laboratories – the so-called mobile trailers. And here in Australia, that formed also part of the government's argument on the war. I think what it does is it adds to the fabric of how the Australian people were misled about the reasons for going to war.<a href="#cite_note-Iraq-30">[30]</a></blockquote> Rudd's policy experience and parliamentary performances during the Iraq War made him one of the best-known Labor members. When Labor Leader <a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a> was challenged by his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a>, Rudd did not publicly commit himself to either candidate.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> When Crean resigned, Rudd was considered a possible candidate for the Labor leadership,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> however he announced that he would not run in the leadership ballot, and would instead vote for Kim Beazley. Rudd was predicted by some commentators to be demoted or moved as a result of his support for Beazley following the election of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Latham" title="Mark Latham">Mark Latham</a> as Leader, but he retained his portfolio. Relations between Latham and Rudd deteriorated during 2004, especially after Latham made his pledge to withdraw all Australian forces from Iraq by Christmas 2004 without consulting Rudd.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> After Latham failed to win the <a href="/wiki/2004_Australian_federal_election" title="2004 Australian federal election">2004 federal election</a>, Rudd was again spoken of as a possible alternative leader, although he disavowed any intention of challenging Latham. When Latham suddenly resigned in January 2005, Rudd was in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and refused to say whether he would be a candidate for the Labor leadership.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> After returning from Indonesia, Rudd announced that he would again not contest the leadership, and Beazley was subsequently elected unopposed. Following this, Rudd was given expanded responsibilities in the Shadow Cabinet, retaining his role as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and also becoming the Shadow Minister for Trade. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2007)">Leader of the Opposition (2006–2007)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG/220px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG/330px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG/440px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Julia_Gillard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Rudd and <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a> at their first press conference as Leader and Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party, 4 December 2006</figcaption></figure> Following opinion polls indicating that voter support for Rudd as Labor Leader was higher than for Beazley, speculation mounted that Rudd would challenge Beazley for the leadership. One particular poll in November 2006 indicated that support for Labor would double if Rudd was to become Leader.<a href="#cite_note-Newspoll20061130_LeaderRatings-35">[35]</a> On 1 December 2006, Beazley called a leadership election. Rudd announced his candidacy for the leadership hours later.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On 4 December, Rudd was elected Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition with 49 votes to Beazley's 39. <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a> was subsequently elected unopposed as Deputy Leader after <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Macklin" title="Jenny Macklin">Jenny Macklin</a> resigned.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollchart-tpp-event.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pollchart-tpp-event.svg/220px-Pollchart-tpp-event.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pollchart-tpp-event.svg/330px-Pollchart-tpp-event.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pollchart-tpp-event.svg/440px-Pollchart-tpp-event.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Two-party-preferred_vote" title="Two-party-preferred vote">Two-party-preferred</a> polling during the last term of the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a>; Rudd became Labor Leader in December 2006.</figcaption></figure> At his first press conference as Labor Leader, having thanked Beazley and Macklin, Rudd said he would offer a "new style of leadership" and would be an "alternative, not just an echo" of the Howard government. He outlined the areas of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_relations" title="Industrial relations">industrial relations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">war in Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian federalism">Australian federalism</a>, social justice and the future of Australia's manufacturing industry as major policy concerns. Rudd also stressed his long experience in state government and also as a diplomat and in business before entering federal politics.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Rudd and the Labor Party soon overtook the Howard government in both party and leadership polling. Rudd maintained a high media profile with major announcements on an "education revolution",<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> federalism,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> climate change,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> a <a href="/wiki/National_Broadband_Network" title="National Broadband Network">National Broadband Network</a>,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and the domestic car industry. In March 2007 the government raised questions over a series of meetings Rudd had had with former West Australian Labor Premier <a href="/wiki/Brian_Burke_(Australian_politician)" title="Brian Burke (Australian politician)">Brian Burke</a> during 2005, alleging that Rudd had been attempting to use Burke's influence to become Labor leader (after losing office, Burke had spent time in prison before returning to politics as a lobbyist).<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Rudd said that this had not been the purpose of the three meetings and said that they had been arranged by his colleague <a href="/wiki/Graham_Edwards_(politician)" title="Graham Edwards (politician)">Graham Edwards</a>, the Member for Cowan.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> From 2002, Rudd appeared regularly in interviews and topical discussions on the popular breakfast television program <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Sunrise (Australian TV program)">Sunrise</a>, along with Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hockey" title="Joe Hockey">Joe Hockey</a>. This was credited with helping to raise Rudd's public profile even further.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Rudd and Hockey ended their joint appearances in April 2007, citing the increasing political pressures of an election year.<a href="#cite_note-NewsLtd200704_SunriseSunset-47">[47]</a> On 19 August 2007, it was revealed that Rudd, while on a visit to New York City as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, had visited a strip club in September 2003, with <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a> editor Col Allan and Labor MP <a href="/wiki/Warren_Snowdon" title="Warren Snowdon">Warren Snowdon</a>. By way of explanation, Rudd said: "I had had too much to drink, I have no recollection, and nor does Mr Snowdon, of any incident occurring at the nightclub – or of being asked to leave...it is our recollection that we left within about an hour".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The incident generated a lot of media coverage, but made no impact on Rudd's popularity in the polls.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Some believe the incident may have enabled Rudd to appear "more human" and lifted his popularity.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_election">2007 election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007 Australian federal election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RuddWins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RuddWins.jpg/170px-RuddWins.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RuddWins.jpg/255px-RuddWins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RuddWins.jpg/340px-RuddWins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Front page of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_News" title="Northern Territory News">Northern Territory News</a> announcing Rudd's win, 25 November 2007</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_election" title="Writ of election">Electoral writs</a> were issued for the <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007 federal election</a> on 17 October 2007. On 21 October, Rudd faced incumbent Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> in a television debate, where he was judged by most media analysts to have performed strongly.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 14 November, Rudd officially launched the Labor Party's election campaign with a policy of fiscal restraint, usually considered the electoral strength of the opposing Liberal Party. Rudd proposed Labor spending measures totalling $2.3 billion, contrasting them to $9.4 billion Rudd claimed the Liberals had promised, declaring: "Today, I am saying loud and clear that this sort of reckless spending must stop."<a href="#cite_note-reckless-lateline-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-reckless-canberratimes-53">[53]</a> The election was held on 24 November, and was won overwhelmingly by Labor. The result was dubbed a 'Ruddslide' by the media and was underpinned by the considerable support from Rudd's home state of Queensland, with the <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2007_Australian_federal_election_in_Queensland" title="Results of the 2007 Australian federal election in Queensland">state result</a> recording a <a href="/wiki/Two-party_preferred_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-party preferred vote">two-party preferred</a> swing of 7.53%.<a href="#cite_note-QLD_support-54">[54]</a> The overall swing was 5.44% from the Liberals to Labor, the third largest swing at a federal election since two party estimates began in 1949. As foreshadowed during the election campaign, on 29 November Rudd announced the members of his Government (see <a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="First Rudd Ministry">First Rudd Ministry</a>), breaking with more than a century of Labor tradition whereby the frontbench was elected by the Labor caucus, with the leader then given the right to allocate portfolios.<a href="#cite_note-Ben_Worsley-2007-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC20071129_Portfolios-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2007–2010)">First term as Prime Minister (2007–2010)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%932010)" title="Rudd government (2007–2010)">Rudd government (2007–2010)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_DOS_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kevin_Rudd_DOS_cropped.jpg/219px-Kevin_Rudd_DOS_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Kevin_Rudd_DOS_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Rudd in 2010</figcaption></figure>On 3 December 2007, Rudd was sworn in as the 26th prime minister of Australia by <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">governor-general</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery_(Australian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)">Michael Jeffery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Rudd was the first Labor Prime Minister since <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a> left office in 1996, and the first to make no mention of the monarch when taking his oath of office. He also became only the second Queenslander to lead his party to a federal election victory (the first being <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a> in 1910) and was the first prime minister since the Second World War not to have come from either <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> or <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Early initiatives of the <a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Rudd government">Rudd government</a> included the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Apology_to_Australia%27s_Indigenous_peoples" title="Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples">Parliamentary Apology to the Stolen Generations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Summit">2020 Summit</a> in April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Kyoto-59">[59]</a> Other achievements of the Rudd government included keeping Australia out of recession during the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, commencing the rollout of the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadband_Network" title="National Broadband Network">National Broadband Network</a>, the introduction of nationwide early childhood education, the development of a national <a href="/wiki/Australian_Curriculum" title="Australian Curriculum">Australian Curriculum</a> for schools, the construction of 20 cancer clinics around regional Australia, and paid <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Rudd was named as one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">most influential people</a> in the world by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> During his first two years in office, Rudd set records for popularity in <a href="/wiki/Newspoll" title="Newspoll">Newspoll</a> opinion polling, maintaining very high approval ratings.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> By 2010, however, Rudd's approval ratings had begun to drop significantly, with controversies arising over the management of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, the Senate refusal to pass the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a>, policies on <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a> and a debate over a proposed "super profits" tax on the mining industry.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On 23 June 2010, following lengthy media speculation, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Australia">Deputy Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a> publicly asked that a leadership election be held. Rudd announced a leadership election for the following day.<a href="#cite_note-abc230610-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coorey-2010a-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policies">Domestic policies</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4></div> In opposition, Rudd made combatting <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> a key priority for the Labor Party, proposing an <a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">emissions trading</a> scheme and setting an ambitious long term target of a cut to greenhouse gas emissions by 60% before 2050.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> He also released a plan before the election to require 20% of Australia's electricity to be generated from renewable power sources.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Prior to the election, Paul Kelly wrote that Rudd had "enshrined climate change as the new moral passion for the Labor Party in a way that recalled Ben Chifley's invocation of the Light on the Hill".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The first official act of the Rudd government, on 3 December 2007, was to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SMH_kyoto-70">[70]</a> Rudd attended the <a href="/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference">UN Climate Change Conference</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, in December 2007 just ten days after being sworn in.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In February 2008, the Prime Minister told Parliament that "the costs of inaction on climate change are much greater than the costs of action" and that "Australia must... seize the opportunity now to become a leader globally".<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the 2008 budget, the Rudd government set out its climate agenda which included an emissions trading scheme and a number of renewable energy, energy efficiency and research, development and demonstration (RD&D) programs.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_(4345809406).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg/170px-2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg/255px-2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg/340px-2009_Summit_on_Climate_Change_%284345809406%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Rudd attending a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> summit on climate change, September 2009</figcaption></figure> Rudd established the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute to accelerate the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology globally and the sharing of information. The institute was launched in a joint press conference with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Rudd at the <a href="/wiki/Major_Economies_Forum_on_Energy_and_Climate_Change" title="Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate Change">Major Economies Forum</a> in Italy in 2009. Obama said the partnership aimed to double the amount of investment in research and development needed to make alternative technologies viable and "points to the ability for us to pool our resources in order to see the technological breakthroughs necessary in order for us to solve this problem."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Institute received international support with 15 governments and more than 40 major companies and industry groups signing on as foundation members.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The Rudd government committed significant resources to renewable energy. Legislation for an expanded Renewable Energy Target was passed in August 2009, expanding it from 9,500 GWh by 2010 to 45,000 GWh by 2020 and introducing a 'solar credits' multiplier to provide an additional incentive for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The Rudd government sought to introduce an emissions trading scheme to tackle climate change in Australia and embarked on a thorough policy development process involving the Garnaut Review led by its climate change adviser, <a href="/wiki/Ross_Garnaut" title="Ross Garnaut">Ross Garnaut</a>, followed by a green paper on ETS design issues, Treasury modelling to inform mitigation target decisions and a final white paper, which would be published in December 2008.<a href="#cite_note-cprswhite-77">[77]</a> The White Paper included a plan to introduce an <a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">emissions trading</a> scheme in 2010, known as the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a>, and gave a target range for Australia's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 of between 5% and 15% less than 2000 levels.<a href="#cite_note-cprswhite-77">[77]</a> However, the ultimate legislation was frustrated in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australian Senate</a> — with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">Nationals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a> voting against it, the Senate rejected it on 13 August 2009. Rudd and key Labor ministers worked with the Liberals under opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a>, who personally supported action on emissions, to achieve compromise on details of the scheme and gain their support.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On 1 December 2009, Turnbull was replaced in a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_leadership_spill,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, 2009">leadership spill</a> called over the issue, by ETS opponent <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a>, and the following day, the Senate voted against the revised package of bills.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Rudd criticised the Liberals heavily for their refusal to support the legislation ("What absolute political cowardice, what absolute failure of leadership, what absolute failure of logic ...")<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> but in April 2010 announced that the Government would delay implementing an emissions trading scheme until 2011.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_and_Australian_Prime_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_attend_the_leaders%27_lunch_during_the_G-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Rudd and US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> at a <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> meeting, September 2009</figcaption></figure>Rudd personally committed himself to international action on climate change in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">Copenhagen Summit</a> in December 2009. Ahead of the summit, he convened a meeting of leaders at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/APEC_Singapore_2009" title="APEC Singapore 2009">APEC conference</a> in Singapore which brought together the leaders of China, the United States, Japan and Denmark for the first time to discuss their respective positions. Rudd announced financial help for small island states affected by climate change at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> in Trinidad and Tobago in 2009 and used the meeting to rally support for the Copenhagen summit.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Rudd played a key role in Copenhagen in delivering an accord despite the wide divergence of views among advanced and emerging economies. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, the then-prime minister of the United Kingdom, said of Rudd at Copenhagen: "Kevin stood up to those who wanted to say 'no' on climate change ... The fact we got a Copenhagen declaration which has now led to the next stage ... is in no small measure due to him."<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> However, the perceived weakness of the Copenhagen accord in setting binding targets impacted upon the momentum towards an emissions trading scheme at home.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Rudd reflected later that "we all failed... though not for want of effort from many of us."<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stolen_Generations">Stolen Generations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RuddSorry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RuddSorry.jpg/220px-RuddSorry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RuddSorry.jpg/330px-RuddSorry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RuddSorry.jpg/440px-RuddSorry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Rudd on television in <a href="/wiki/Federation_Square" title="Federation Square">Federation Square</a>, Melbourne, apologising to the <a href="/wiki/Stolen_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolen generations">stolen generations</a></figcaption></figure> As the parliament's first order of business, on 13 February 2008, Rudd gave a national apology to <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">Indigenous Australians</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Stolen_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolen generations">stolen generations</a>. The apology, for the policies of successive parliaments and governments, passed unanimously as a motion by both houses of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-ApologyStolenGenerations-87">[87]</a> Rudd pledged the government to bridging the gap between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian health, education and living conditions, and in a way that respects their rights to self-determination.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> During meetings held in December 2007 and March 2008 the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Australian_Governments" title="Council of Australian Governments">Council of Australian Governments</a> (COAG) adopted six targets to improve the wellbeing of Indigenous Australians over the next five to twenty years. As of 2016, there have been eight Closing the Gap Reports presented to Parliament, providing data in areas that previously had none and updates on progress.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Since leaving politics, Rudd has established the Australian National Apology Foundation, as foreshadowed in his final speech to Parliament,<a href="#cite_note-resspeech-90">[90]</a> to continue to promote reconciliation and closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> He has contributed $100,000 to the Foundation and to kickstart fundraising for a National Apology Chair at the Australian National University.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2008_Australian_federal_budget" title="2008 Australian federal budget">2008 Australian federal budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_Australian_federal_budget" title="2009 Australian federal budget">2009 Australian federal budget</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg/220px-Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg/330px-Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg/440px-Cumbre_de_Washington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Rudd (back row, fourth from right) at the <a href="/wiki/2008_G-20_Washington_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 G-20 Washington summit">G-20 Leaders Summit</a> on Financial Markets and the World Economy</figcaption></figure> The Rudd government's economic policy response to the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> has been cited as an effective international model and described by Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> as "one of the strongest Keynesian stimulus packages in the world" that "helped Australia avoid recession and saved up to 200,000 jobs".<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Following the start of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, increased exports and consumer spending stimulated by the Rudd government's intervention helped the Australian economy avoid recession in 2009. Australia was the only western economy to do so.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Internationally, Kevin Rudd helped lead efforts to make the <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G20</a> the most influential global forum coordinating policies to counter the global impact of the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In his first speech to Parliament in 1998, Rudd outlined his belief in the need for governments to take an active role in the economy, particularly to assure equality of opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> He affirmed his general belief in competitive markets, but repudiated <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> economists such as <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a>, saying governments must regulate markets and intervene where they fail.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Upon becoming leader in December 2006, he promised an economic policy with two arms to its philosophy and practice: rewarding hard work and achievement, but with a guarantee of fairness and social justice.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On election to office prior to the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, the Rudd government announced a five-point plan to combat inflation.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The first budget of the Rudd government was delivered by Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a> in May 2008 and a projected surplus of $21.7 billion was announced.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In line with Rudd's explanation of his economic philosophy on taking office, his government intervened early as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">global recession</a> began to take hold by guaranteeing bank deposits and announcing two stimulatory spending packages.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The first was worth $10.4 billion and announced in late 2008, and included measures such as lump sum payments for low to middle income earners, increasing the first homebuyers' bonus, doubling training places and fast-tracking a national infrastructure program.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The second, worth $42 billion, was announced in February 2009 and included $900 cash payments to resident taxpayers who paid net tax in the 2007–08 financial year. Stating that his Government would "move heaven and earth to reduce the impact of the global recession", Rudd delivered a spending program for infrastructure, schools and housing worth $28.8 billion as part of this package.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> After initially raising interest rates to combat inflation, <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">The Reserve Bank</a> cut official interest rates several times in increments of up to 1 percent, and fell to 3 percent in May 2009, the lowest since 1960.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The second budget, released in May 2009, projected a $57.6 billion deficit for 2009–10. The majority of the deficit was created by a loss of taxation revenue as a result of the recession, with the rest made up in stimulus and other spending. The downturn was expected to remove $210 billion in taxation revenue from the budget over the next four years.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan, as it was branded, contained a range of programs implemented through Commonwealth legislation and overseen by Commonwealth agencies, although administered by state governments and other authorities. The <a href="/wiki/Building_the_Education_Revolution" title="Building the Education Revolution">Building the Education Revolution</a> (BER) program, worth $16.2 billion, sought to stimulate the nationwide economy by employing construction workers in school building developments. These included the construction of libraries, classrooms and multipurpose centres, the refurbishment and repairs of existing facilities, and science and language centres in 70 secondary schools in disadvantaged areas.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> A$4 billion <a href="/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Homes_Package" title="Energy Efficient Homes Package">Energy Efficient Homes Package</a> was also launched, containing a Home Insulation Program (HIP) which provided $1,600 worth of assistance to owner-occupiers to install ceiling insulation in existing homes. The government estimated that 40% of homes were not insulated, and that this had costs in energy waste, household bills for heating and cooling, and resident health and comfort among others.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Other components included social and defence housing construction, funding for local community infrastructure and road projects, and the $950 cash bonus.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The OECD assessed in its 2009 Economic Outlook Report that the Rudd government's policy response to the crisis had reduced the impact of the global recession on employment.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Two major controversies, however, affected public reception of the scheme. The Home Insulation Program became controversial in early 2010 after reports of house fires, possible fraud and the deaths of four young insulation installers. Rudd responded by demoting the minister responsible, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Garrett" title="Peter Garrett">Peter Garrett</a>, suspending the scheme and commissioning an immediate review of the program by Dr <a href="/wiki/Allan_Hawke" title="Allan Hawke">Allan Hawke</a>. Hawke noted in his report that "despite the safety, quality and compliance concerns, there were solid achievements against the program objectives". Approximately 1.1 million homes had been insulated through the scheme by April 2010, about 10,000 jobs had been created, and national safety standards and training were a focus. However, Hawke found the department was not up to the task of monitoring thousands of independent contractors around Australia on a tight timeframe and that demand was higher than anticipated, which led to safety and quality risks that "cannot be fully abated".<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greg_Combet" title="Greg Combet">Greg Combet</a>, who had been appointed Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, announced upon the report's release on 22 April that the scheme would not resume, and that he would work to restore public confidence in the home insulation industry.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Rudd personally apologised to the families on 26 April.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In a 2014 Royal Commission investigation into the scheme, Rudd accepted his Government's responsibility for systems failures that led to the deaths, describing them as a "deep tragedy" and acknowledged the pain of the families involved.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Building_the_Education_Revolution" title="Building the Education Revolution">Building the Education Revolution</a> program rolled out 23,670 school projects around Australia representing a completion rate of 92 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> However, claims of overpricing and poor value for money in some projects resulted in a taskforce being established to examine the implementation of the scheme, led by Brad Orgill, the former CEO of <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> Australasia. Only 3% of complaints about the scheme were upheld, and most projects were found to have been good value for money.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In early 2009,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Rudd stated "that the great <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neo-liberal</a> experiment of the past 30 years has failed", and that "Neo-liberalism and the <a href="/wiki/Market_fundamentalism" title="Market fundamentalism">free-market fundamentalism</a> it has produced has been revealed as little more than personal greed dressed up as an economic philosophy. And, ironically, it now falls to social democracy to prevent liberal capitalism from cannibalising itself." Rudd called for a new era of "social capitalism" from social democrats such as himself and US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to "support a global financial system that properly balances private incentive with public responsibility".<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> has acknowledged Kevin Rudd as one of the founders of the G20 that helped prevent a second global depression.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The Rudd government's third budget in 2010 projected a $40.8 billion deficit for 2010–11<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> but forecast that Australia would return to surplus by 2012–13. The government proposed a "super profits" tax on the mining industry and included $12 billion in revenue from the proposal in the forecast, although the tax had not been passed by the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia_2020_Summit">Australia 2020 Summit</h4></div> In February 2008 Rudd announced the <a href="/wiki/Australia_2020_Summit" title="Australia 2020 Summit">Australia 2020 Summit</a>, held from 19–20 April 2008, which brought together 1000 leading Australians to discuss ten major areas of policy innovation.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Among the initiatives supported at the event, the summit voted in favour of a plebiscite on Australia "relinquishing ties" to the United Kingdom followed by a referendum on the model for an <a href="/wiki/Australian_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian republic">Australian republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a>, the re-formation of an Indigenous peak representative body similar to <a href="/wiki/ATSIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSIC">ATSIC</a>, (which had been abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a>), the introduction of an <a href="/wiki/Emissions_Trading_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Emissions Trading Scheme">Emissions Trading Scheme</a> and a <a href="/wiki/National_Disability_Insurance_Scheme" title="National Disability Insurance Scheme">National Disability Insurance Scheme</a>, and a review of the taxation system.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Findings released in April 2009 reported that nine out of the 1000 submitted ideas were to be immediately enacted and that the government was deliberating on other ideas proposed.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> By mid-2010, among the key reform ideas suggested, Prime Minister Rudd had sought to introduce an <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">ETS</a>, but postponed it after failing to secure passage through the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">senate</a>;<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> formed a consultative committee on a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">Bill of rights</a> then rejected its recommendation for implementation;<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> established the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Australia%27s_First_Peoples" title="National Congress of Australia's First Peoples">National Congress of Australia's First Peoples</a> in 2010;<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Review">Henry Review</a> of taxation (on the basis of which the <a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Rudd government">Rudd government</a> proposed a new <a href="/wiki/Minerals_Resource_Rent_Tax" title="Minerals Resource Rent Tax">"super-profits" tax on mining</a>);<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-2010-130">[130]</a> and Rudd had described the issue of a vote on a republic as not being "a priority".<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industrial_relations">Industrial relations</h4></div> Kevin Rudd came to office pledging to overhaul <a href="/wiki/WorkChoices" title="WorkChoices">WorkChoices</a>, a key <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a> policy commencing in March 2006 which had been attacked for reducing pay and conditions in the workplace, and which was crucial to Howard's defeat at the 2007 federal election.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Upon Rudd's arrival as Leader of the Opposition in December 2006, he gave a speech emphasising this commitment.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In April 2007, he announced Labor's "Forward with Fairness" plan to take to the election, which included a phased abolition of <a href="/wiki/Australian_Workplace_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Workplace Agreement">Australian Workplace Agreements</a> (AWAs) over five years, a safety net consisting of 10 National Employment Standards, an independent umpire and simplified industrial awards.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> It also included the restoration of unfair dismissal laws for companies with under 100 employees (probation period of 12 months for companies with less than 15 employees), and the retention of the Australian Building and Construction Commission until 2010. It retained the illegality of secondary boycotts, the right of employers to lock workers out, restriction of a union right of entry to workplaces, and restrictions on workers' right to strike.<a href="#cite_note-TheAge_Gittins-137">[137]</a> It was broadly seen as a concession to business on some areas of concern while still upholding key elements of the original plan.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On 20 March 2008, the Workplace Relations Amendment (Transition to Forward with Fairness) Act 2008 gained assent, and gave effect to some of these measures, including preventing any new AWAs from being signed. Rudd declared AWA's "dead and buried", saying: "Today we declare this shameful chapter in the history of Australia's workplaces to be dead and buried. And today with this legislation we begin the process of burying the rest of the Work Choices omnibus once and for all."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Work_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Work Act">Fair Work Act</a> was passed.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Rudd also established a single industrial relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia, designed to play a far more interventionist role than the Howard government's Fair Pay Commission.<a href="#cite_note-TheAge_Promises-142">[142]</a> Fair Work Australia mediated the <a href="/wiki/2011_Qantas_industrial_disputes" title="2011 Qantas industrial disputes">2011 Qantas industrial disputes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4></div> During the election, Rudd promised a "<a href="/wiki/Digital_Education_Revolution" title="Digital Education Revolution">Digital Education Revolution</a>", including provision of a computer on the desk of every upper secondary student. The program initially stalled with state governments asserting that the proposed funding was inadequate. The federal government increased proposed funding from $1.2 billion to $2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and did not mandate that a computer be provided to each upper secondary student.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The program supplied office software, photo and video editing software, and web design software, some of it unusable due to the hardware becoming obsolete.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4></div> As prime minister, Rudd professed his belief in a "<a href="/wiki/Big_Australia" title="Big Australia">Big Australia</a>",<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> while his government increased the immigration quota after to around 300,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In 2010, Rudd appointed <a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a> as population minister to examine population goals.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In 2008, the government adjusted the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory detention">mandatory detention</a> policies established by the Keating and Howard governments and declared an end to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Solution" title="Pacific Solution">Pacific Solution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Boat arrivals increased considerably during 2009 and the Opposition said this was due to the government's policy adjustments, the Government said it was due to "push factors".<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> After a fatal explosion on an asylum seeker boat in April 2009, Rudd said: "People smugglers are the vilest form of human life." Opposition frontbencher <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> said that Kevin Rudd was inept and hypocritical in his handling of the issue during the <a href="/wiki/MV_Oceanic_Viking" title="MV Oceanic Viking">Oceanic Viking affair of October 2009</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In April 2010, the Rudd government suspended processing new claims by Sri Lankan and Afghan asylum seekers, who comprised 80 per cent of all boat arrivals, for three and six months respectively.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxation">Taxation</h4></div> In the 2007 election, Rudd committed to increase the fairness of the tax system.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2008_Australian_federal_budget" title="2008 Australian federal budget">2008 Budget</a> aimed to achieve this with a range of measures including $47 billion of tax cuts over four years focused on lower and middle income workers, an increase of the child care tax rebate from 30% to 50%, an increase of the income level at which the Medicare Levy Surcharge was targeted, and introducing means tests for some other benefits. Some other measures were blocked or amended in the Senate, in which any crossbencher in combination with the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Liberal-National Coalition</a> could defeat a bill.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In May 2008, Rudd committed to a "root and branch" review of all aspects of the Australian taxation system, led by the secretary of the Treasury, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Henry_(public_servant)" title="Ken Henry (public servant)">Ken Henry</a>, and taking evidence from a wide range of sources.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> After receiving around 1,500 submissions and running a two-day conference, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tax_Review" title="Henry Tax Review">Henry Tax Review</a> reported to the Treasurer in December 2009. On 2 May 2010, the Rudd government formally responded, announcing a package of measures to help support investment in the non-mining sectors and rebalance the economy to a more sustainable trajectory.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-2010-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The government's tax plan had three components: reducing the corporate tax rate to 28% and introducing investment incentives for small business; increasing the compulsory employee superannuation rate to 12% to increase the savings base; and eliminating state-based mining royalties, establishing a $5.6 billion infrastructure fund to support resources sector expansion and competitiveness, and increasing tax rebates for mining exploration. These three components were to be funded by a new Resources Super Profits Tax (RSPT) on the 'super profits' of mining companies. The RSPT was a profits-based tax, which meant that when resource companies made large profits their effective tax rate increased and when those profits fell, their tax rate fell.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The tax policy was the subject of strong opposition from the mining industry, including an advertising campaign.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Immediately following Kevin Rudd's replacement as prime minister by Julia Gillard, the Government did a deal with the largest mining companies to replace the RSPT with a new tax – the <a href="/wiki/Minerals_Resource_Rent_Tax" title="Minerals Resource Rent Tax">Minerals Resource Rent Tax</a> (MRRT). The Government claimed the new tax would raise $10.6 billion in its first two years, just $1.5 billion less than the $12 billion that RSPT had been forecast to raise.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> It was quickly realised that this was a wildly optimistic estimate. <a href="/wiki/John_Quiggin" title="John Quiggin">John Quiggin</a> said, "All the changes that were made to the package between the original tax and the agreement they reached in the end were too generous."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Prior to the introduction of the MRRT in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_federal_budget" title="2012 Australian federal budget">May 2012 budget</a>, the government revised down its forecasts, suggesting that the tax would only bring in $3 billion for the financial year. In October 2012, the figure was reduced to $2 billion, while on 14 May 2013, it was announced that the receipts were expected to be less than $200 million.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h4></div> Rudd announced a significant and far-reaching strategic reform to Australian healthcare in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> However, this was not pursued beyond in-principle agreements with Labor State and Territory governments, and was scrapped by Julia Gillard during her first year in office.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Families">Families</h4></div> The Rudd government increased the age pension by more than $100 a fortnight for singles and $76 for couples, the largest increase since 1909, in response to the Harmer Review which found that single retirees living on their own were unusually disadvantaged.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> It also lifted the Child Care Tax Rebate from 30 to 50 per cent for around 600,000 families – paid quarterly rather than annually.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In addition, the Government introduced an Education Tax Refund of 50 per cent of up to $750 per child, benefiting 1.3 million families.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Prime Minister Rudd was also responsible for Australia's first paid <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a> scheme – benefiting 150,000 new parents 18 weeks of paid leave each year.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disabilities">Disabilities</h4></div> Work began under Rudd on the <a href="/wiki/National_Disability_Insurance_Scheme" title="National Disability Insurance Scheme">National Disability Insurance Scheme</a>. First floated as a big idea by advocates at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Summit">2020 Summit</a> in April 2008, the Rudd government doubled funding for disability services to the States and introduced the National Disability Strategy. The PM referred the idea of an insurance scheme to the Productivity Commission in 2009, announced at the National Disability Awards in Canberra.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3></div> As prime minister, Rudd saw Australia as being able to help shape world responses to urgent global challenges through active diplomacy, including the creation of global and regional institutions and building of coalitions, and playing an important role in the "Asia Pacific century".<a href="#cite_note-Gyngell-2008-172">[172]</a> Rudd's first official overseas visit as prime minister was to Indonesia in December 2007 for the <a href="/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference">UN Framework Convention on Climate Change</a>, then visited Australian troops serving in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. In February 2008, he visited <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2008_East_Timorese_assassination_attempts" title="2008 East Timorese assassination attempts">assassination attempt</a> on the <a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Timor" title="President of East Timor">President of East Timor</a>, Dr <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a>, and in March 2008 travelled to <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands, Dr <a href="/wiki/Derek_Sikua" title="Derek Sikua">Derek Sikua</a>, was also the first foreign head of government Mr Rudd received as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In April 2008, Rudd signed Australia to the global Millennium Development Goals Call to Action.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pacific_Islands">Pacific Islands</h4></div> A close, co-operative relationship was developed with the Pacific Island nations, leading to Australia hosting the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> in 2009, and the application of a <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework to Australian aid programs with development partners across the Pacific. The revised aid program set out concrete goals in areas such as health, education and employment for Australia's 15 development partners in the region.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In August 2008, at the Pacific Islands Forum in <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, Mr Rudd also announced the introduction of a three-year pilot seasonal worker scheme for up to 2,500 workers from Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Tonga and Kiribati to work in Australia's horticulture industry for up to seven months.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> This acceptance of guest workers was a radical departure from previous Australian policy. The seasonal worker scheme got off to slow start, bringing in 1,100 workers to 2012.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> However, it accelerated over the ensuing years as demand for labour increased.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq">Iraq</h4></div> In his 2007 election campaign, Kevin Rudd committed to withdrawing Australian military forces from Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> He dismissed each of the reasons which had been used to commit Australian troops to the Iraq War in 2003, and accused his predecessor of abusing pre-war intelligence, some of which indicated that an attack on Iraq would increase the threat of terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In accordance with a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational Force Iraq">Multinational Force Iraq</a> agreement with the new <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq_from_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq from 2006">Iraqi Government</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Labor's plan to withdraw the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> combat contingent was completed on 28 July 2009, three days ahead of the deadline.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In mid-2010, there were about 65 ADF personnel remaining in Iraq supporting UN operations or the Australian Embassy.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Nouri_Al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouri Al-Maliki">Nouri Al-Maliki</a>, the then-Prime Minister of Iraq, visited Australia. During the visit, Prime Minister Al-Maliki and then Prime Minister Kevin Rudd signed a declaration on increased cooperation in six key areas and to enhance trade and investment ties. The leaders agreed to an Australia-Iraq Agricultural Partnership focused on bolstering Iraq's agricultural productivity and food security as a central element of Iraq's reconstruction and development. Australia also appointed a Senior Trade Commissioner to contribute to stronger commercial links, and committed to an AusAID presence in Baghdad to support the Government's three-year A$165 million development assistance commitment.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h4></div> The Rudd government redefined Australia's role in Afghanistan, including Australia's particular responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_Province" title="Uruzgan Province">Uruzgan Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gyngell-2008-172">[172]</a> In Afghanistan, the Australian presence not only trained the 4th Brigade of the Afghan National Army, but also undertook large scale programs in the education of women and girls, the building of mosques with schools attached, basic healthcare and the extension of the road network.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> From a total of $56 million spent on foreign aid in 2009–2010, $25 million went to Afghanistan through the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Rudd continued to support Australian military involvement in Afghanistan, despite the growing number of Australian casualties. On 29 April 2009, Rudd committed 450 extra troops to the region bringing the total to 1550. Explaining the deployment, he said, "A measured increase in Australian forces in Afghanistan will enhance the security of Australian citizens, given that so many terrorists attacking Australians in the past have been trained in Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> On a November 2009 visit to Afghanistan, Rudd told Australian troops: "We from Australia will remain for the long haul."<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In April 2010, the Australian Government decided not to commit further troops to Uruzgan Province to replace Dutch forces when they withdrew, but increased the numbers of diplomatic, development aid, and police personnel to around 50 with military effort and civilian work focussed on Uruzgan.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Australia)#War_in_Afghanistan" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Australia)">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> reported Rudd's criticisms of Australia's European allies in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan campaign</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nationhood">Nationhood</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg/220px-George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg/330px-George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg/440px-George_W._Bush_and_Kevin_Rudd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Rudd and US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> meet at <a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" title="APEC Australia 2007">APEC Australia 2007</a> in Sydney</figcaption></figure> As shadow foreign minister, Rudd reformulated Labor's foreign policy in terms of "Three Pillars": engagement with the UN, engagement with Asia, and the US alliance.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Although disagreeing with the original commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, Rudd supports the continued deployment of Australian troops in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a>, but not the continued deployment of combat troops. Rudd was also in favour of Australia's military presence in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Rudd backs the <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">road map for peace</a> plan and defended Israel's actions during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict">2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict</a>, condemning Hezbollah and Hamas for violating Israeli territory.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> As prime minister, he also pledged <a href="/wiki/2006_East_Timorese_crisis" title="2006 East Timorese crisis">support for East Timor</a>, stating that Australian troops would remain in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> for as long as East Timor's government wanted them to.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Rudd also gave his support for the independence of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> before Australia officially recognised the republic.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> This decision sparked protests of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Australian">Serbian Australian</a> community against Rudd.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In 2008 Rudd advised the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> as the first female <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of Australia">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Australia">Queen of Australia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Society">Society</h4></div> Some commentators have described Rudd as a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Henderson-2008-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gawenda-2007-200">[200]</a> He has moved to remove financial discrimination against <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> couples, but he had previously been opposed to legislation to recognise <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_relationships_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Donald-2007-201">[201]</a> In May 2013, however, Rudd announced he had changed his position based on personal experience and the fact that his children had long thought him "an unreconstructed dinosaur" for not supporting marriage equality legislation. He went on to say that "I believe the secular Australian state should be able to recognise same sex marriage" while opposing any compulsion for churches to marry same-sex couples if that was not their wish.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">conscience vote</a> in 2006, Rudd supported legislation to transfer regulatory authority for the <a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">abortion-inducing drug</a> <a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">RU486</a> from the federal Minister For Health to the <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration" title="Therapeutic Goods Administration">Therapeutic Goods Administration</a>, removing the minister's veto on the use of RU486 in Australia. Rudd said that "For me and for the reasons I have outlined, the life of the unborn is of great importance. And having tested these reasons with men and women of faith, and men and women of science, that I've decided not to oppose this bill. "<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In another 2006 conscience vote, Rudd voted against legislation to expand <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic stem cell research">embryonic stem cell research</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> In May 2008, Rudd was drawn into the controversy over photographic artist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Henson" title="Bill Henson">Bill Henson</a> and his work depicting naked adolescents as part of a show due to open at an inner-city gallery in Sydney. In a televised interview, Rudd stated that he found the images "absolutely revolting"<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> and that they had "no artistic merit".<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> These views swiftly drew censure from members of the "creative stream" who attended the <a href="/wiki/Australia_2020_Summit" title="Australia 2020 Summit">2020 Summit</a> convened by Rudd, led by actress <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2010 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2010 Australian Labor Party leadership spill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg/170px-Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg/255px-Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg/340px-Kevin_rudd_pm_bust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Bronze bust at the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Avenue">Prime Minister's Avenue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Botanical_Gardens" title="Ballarat Botanical Gardens">Ballarat Botanical Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> On 23 June 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a> reported that Rudd's Chief of Staff, Alister Jordan, had talked to over half of the Labor caucus to gauge the level of Rudd's support within the party. This followed significant media speculation that his deputy, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a>, would challenge him for the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Hartcher-2010-208">[208]</a> Late that evening, after it became clear that Rudd had lost the support of a large number of Labor MPs, Gillard publicly requested that Rudd hold a <a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Australian Labor Party leadership election">leadership election</a> as soon as possible. Rudd subsequently announced a leadership election for 24 June, saying that he would stand.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Hours before the vote, however, it became clear that Rudd would not have the support to win, and so he stood down as Labor leader and prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Gillard was elected unopposed, becoming Australia's first female prime minister. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a>, the Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children's Services and a key member of the Labor Party's <a href="/wiki/Labor_Right" title="Labor Right">right faction</a>, speculated that it was the Government's handling of the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Homes_Package" title="Energy Efficient Homes Package">insulation program</a>, the sudden announcement of change of policy on the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a>, and the way in which they had "introduced the debate" about the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Super_Profits_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Super Profits Tax">Resource Super Profits Tax</a> as the main reasons which had led to a collapse in support for Rudd's leadership.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Cohen_(politician)" title="Barry Cohen (politician)">Barry Cohen</a>, a former minister in the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke government</a>, said that many in the Labor Party felt ignored by Rudd's centralist leadership style, and his at times insulting and rude treatment of staff and other ministers. Many were willing to overlook this due to his immense popularity, but when Rudd's poll numbers began to drop in late 2009 and 2010, they wanted to install a leader more able to establish consensus and involve the party caucus as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Rudd became the first Australian prime minister to be removed from office by his own party during his first term.<a href="#cite_note-smh.com.au-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity_and_assessment">Popularity and assessment</h3></div> Rudd maintained long periods of popularity in <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">opinion polls</a> during his initial tenure as prime minister for his management of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> and his well renowned apology to the Indigenous community,<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> achieving some of the highest approval ratings for an Australian prime minister on record during the height of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> However, he would see a rapid decrease in popularity after his failed handling of legislative negotiations, ultimately leading to the demise of his premiership. The circumstances of his removal from office have remained controversial; his supporters have decried the undemocratic nature of his ousting, while critics have accused him of an autocratic and flawed leadership style.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> He is often ranked in the <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of Australia">middle-to-lower tier</a> of Australian prime ministers.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Strangio-2022-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_election">2010 election</h2></div> Rudd announced following his resignation as prime minister that he would re-contest his seat of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Griffith</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_federal_election" title="2010 Australian federal election">2010 federal election</a>, set for 21 August. Early in the campaign, he suffered <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a> and underwent surgery to remove his <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> His first public statements after the operation were in an interview<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> with <a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_National" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Radio National">ABC Radio National</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Adams_(writer)" title="Phillip Adams (writer)">Phillip Adams</a> for <a href="/wiki/Late_Night_Live" title="Late Night Live">Late Night Live</a>, which received wide national coverage;<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> in it, he denied being the source of <a href="/wiki/Political_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Political leak">political leaks</a> concerning Julia Gillard. Gillard later requested that Rudd join the national campaign to boost Labor's chances of re-election, which he did.<a href="#cite_note-smh.com.au-218">[218]</a> Rudd and Gillard were subsequently photographed together during a private meeting in Brisbane, both appearing uncomfortable, unsmiling and unspeaking.<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-234">[234]</a> Rudd was comfortably re-elected as the Member for Griffith.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The election resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> after both major parties failed to win a majority of seats.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Weeks later, Gillard was able to form a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> with the support of the Greens and independent MPs.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_minister_(2010–2012)">Foreign minister (2010–2012)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg/220px-Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg/330px-Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg/440px-Then_Foreign_Minister_Kevin_Rudd_with_AusAID%27s_Thanh_Le_and_elements_of_the_Australian_Army_medical_team_August_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption>Rudd with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> in Pakistan, August 2010</figcaption></figure> Prime Minister Julia Gillard appointed Rudd as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Second_Gillard_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Gillard Ministry">Cabinet</a> on 14 September 2010.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> He represented Gillard at a UN General Assembly meeting in September 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Coorey-2010-240">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>, in 2010, published material about Kevin Rudd's term as prime minister, included <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">United States diplomatic cables leak</a>. As foreign minister, Rudd denounced publishing classified documents by WikiLeaks. The Australian media reported that references to Rudd in the cables included frank discussions between Rudd and US officials about China and Afghanistan. This included negative assessments of some of Rudd's foreign policy initiatives and leadership style, written in confidence for the US Government by the US Embassy staff in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Before his first visit to Israel as foreign minister, Rudd stated Israel should be subject to <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> inspection. Israeli Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a> rejected the call.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a> and resignation of Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, Rudd called for "constitutional reform and a clear timetable towards free and fair elections".<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan civil war">2011 Libyan civil war</a>, Rudd announced in early March 2011, the international community should enforce a <a href="/wiki/No-fly_zone" title="No-fly zone">no-fly zone</a>, as the "lesser of two evils". The US officials in Canberra sought clarification on what the Australian Government was proposing. Gillard said the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> should consider a full range of alternatives, and that Australia was not planning to send forces to enforce a no-fly zone.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_Kevin_Rudd_Sept_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Rudd with United States Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in September 2010</figcaption></figure> Following the devastating <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a> in Japan, Rudd announced after talking with Japanese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Takeaki_Matsumoto" title="Takeaki Matsumoto">Takeaki Matsumoto</a>, he had offered Australian field hospitals and disaster victim identification teams to help with recovery. Rudd also said he had offered Australian atomic expertise and sought urgent briefings following an explosion at a nuclear plant.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Rudd announced his resignation as foreign minister on 22 February 2012, citing Gillard's failure to counter character attacks launched by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a> and "other faceless men" as his reasons. Speaking to the press, Rudd explained that he considered Gillard's silence as evidence that she no longer supported him, and therefore he could not continue in office. "I can only serve as Foreign Minister if I have the confidence of Prime Minister Gillard and her senior ministers," he said.<a href="#cite_note-Resigned-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Rudd resigned as the Minister for Foreign Affairs followed heated speculation about a possible leadership spill. Craig Emerson temporarily replaced Rudd as Minister for Foreign Affairs, until Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Bob Carr</a> became Minister for Foreign Affairs on 13 March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_tensions">Leadership tensions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2012_spill">February 2012 spill</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2012 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2012 Australian Labor Party leadership spill</a></div> Speculation regarding Rudd's desire to challenge Gillard to regain the leadership of the Labor Party—and hence the Prime Ministership—became a near constant feature of media commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Gillard_government" title="Gillard government">Gillard government</a>. In October 2011, Queensland MP <a href="/wiki/Graham_Perrett" title="Graham Perrett">Graham Perrett</a>, the member for the marginal Brisbane-area seat of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Moreton" title="Division of Moreton">Moreton</a>, announced that if Labor replaced Gillard with Rudd, he would resign and force a by-election—a move that would have likely cost Labor its majority.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> In her speech to Labor's 2011 Conference, Prime Minister Gillard mentioned every Labor Prime Minister since World War II with the exception of Kevin Rudd.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The speech was widely reported as a snub to Rudd.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> In early 2012, Labor MPs began to openly discuss the issue of leadership. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a> told Radio 3AW, "[Rudd] can't be leader again...people will not elect as leaders those they don't perceive as team players".<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/220px-Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/330px-Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/440px-Kevin_Rudd_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4704" data-file-height="3243" /></a><figcaption>Rudd at the 2013 meeting of the World Economic Forum</figcaption></figure> Following a <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Four Corners (Australian TV program)">Four Corners</a> program that revisited Gillard's role in Rudd's downfall as prime minister, a breakdown in party discipline saw Labor MP <a href="/wiki/Darren_Cheeseman" title="Darren Cheeseman">Darren Cheeseman</a> call on Gillard to resign, while his colleague <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gibbons_(politician)" title="Steve Gibbons (politician)">Steve Gibbons</a> called Rudd a "psychopath with a giant ego".<a href="#cite_note-ABCWilkie-2012-02-19-257">[257]</a> Amidst the controversy, an expletive-laden video of out-takes of an intemperate Kevin Rudd attempting to record a Chinese language message during his time as prime minister was released anonymously on YouTube, apparently aimed at discrediting his push for the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-ABCWilkie-2012-02-19-257">[257]</a> While Rudd said publicly only that he was "happy as Foreign Minister", media commentators widely declared that a leadership challenge was "on".<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> When Rudd resigned on 22 February 2012, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Australia">Deputy Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a> lambasted Rudd as "dysfunctional". His Cabinet colleague <a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a> also spoke against Rudd, saying of his time in office that "the stories that were around of the chaos, of the temperament, of the inability to have decisions made, they are not stories.".<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Labor Senator <a href="/wiki/Doug_Cameron_(politician)" title="Doug Cameron (politician)">Doug Cameron</a> came out in support of Rudd and called on his colleagues to show him respect.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Later that day, Rudd said that he did not think Gillard could defeat the Coalition at the next election and that, since his resignation, he had received encouragement from Labor MPs to contest the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Gillard responded to these developments by announcing a leadership election for the morning of 27 February 2012, and stating that she would be a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Two days later, Rudd announced his own candidacy.<a href="#cite_note-Griffiths,_Emma-2012-265">[265]</a> Before the vote, Rudd promised that he would not initiate any further leadership challenges against Gillard should he lose, but he did not rule out becoming Leader again at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Gillard won the leadership election comfortably with 71 votes to Rudd's 31.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Following the result Rudd returned to the backbenches, reiterating that he would not mount any further leadership challenges against Gillard, and stating that he would support her in any further leadership elections.<a href="#cite_note-Rudd-268">[268]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg/220px-Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg/330px-Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg/440px-Kevin_Rudd_campaigning_at_Ekka_show_in_Brisbane_14_August_2013.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Rudd campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2013_spill">March 2013 spill</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="March 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">March 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill</a></div> On 21 March 2013, following a request from <a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a>, the prime minister, Julia Gillard, called a leadership spill. It was widely reported that Rudd was considering nominating for the leadership of the Australian Labor Party, but he chose not to stand. Gillard was the sole candidate and was elected unopposed.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2013_spill">June 2013 spill</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill</a></div> On 10 June 2013, the security of Gillard's position as leader was put in doubt following the loss of significant support in the Labor caucus. Furthermore, polling in the preceding week indicated that the party could be left with a very low number of 40 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Parliament">Federal Parliament</a>, while one Labor backbencher compared the Labor Party to the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">Titanic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> ABC reported that "some former staunch supporters" held the view that Gillard could not win the election, and ABC journalist Barrie Cassidy identified Rudd as the only feasible replacement.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> The political editor of the Australian newspaper, Dennis Shanahan, reported on 10 June 2013 that Rudd had been "mobbed" by supporters in the Victorian city of <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> days earlier and that he was "expected to be returned to the ALP leadership".<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On 26 June 2013, Julia Gillard called a leadership spill, intending to head off any challenge. Rudd announced that he would challenge the prime minister. Gillard said that, in her view, the loser of the ballot should retire from politics; Rudd agreed that this would be appropriate.<a href="#cite_note-nzherald1-273">[273]</a> Key Gillard supporter <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a>, who was one of the main figures responsible for Rudd's previous overturn as prime minister, this time announced his support for Rudd.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Rudd subsequently won the leadership ballot, 57–45, and became the Leader of the Labor Party for the second time.<a href="#cite_note-news.com.au-2013-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_term_as_Prime_Minister_(2013)">Second term as Prime Minister (2013)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2013)" title="Rudd government (2013)">Rudd government (2013)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg/220px-Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg/330px-Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg/440px-Kevin_Rudd_swearing-in_2013_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption>Rudd being sworn in as prime minister on 27 June 2013</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill,_June_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013">leadership election</a> on 26 June 2013, Julia Gillard resigned as prime minister. After seeking legal advice from the acting Solicitor-General, Robert Orr, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a>, invited Rudd to be sworn in as prime minister for the second time on 27 June.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> At 9:53 am (AEST), Rudd was sworn in as prime minister for a second term,<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> becoming the second Labor Prime Minister to have a second non-consecutive term; the first was <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_election">2013 election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013 Australian federal election</a></div> On 4 August 2013, Rudd announced that he had visited <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Canberra" title="Parliament House, Canberra">Parliament House</a>, asking her to dissolve Parliament and for a federal election to be held on 7 September. After Labor subsequently lost the election, Rudd resigned as prime minister for the second time on 18 September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-political_career_(2013–present)">Post-political career (2013–present)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_(serious).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg/220px-Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg/330px-Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg/440px-Kevin_Rudd_DFAT_%28serious%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3512" data-file-height="5266" /></a><figcaption>Rudd in 2023</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation_from_Parliament">Resignation from Parliament</h3></div> On 13 November 2013, Rudd announced that he would soon resign from Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In his valedictory speech to the House of Representatives, Rudd expressed his attachment to his community but said he wanted to dedicate more time to his family and minimise disruption to House proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-resspeech-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Rudd submitted his resignation in writing to the Speaker, <a href="/wiki/Bronwyn_Bishop" title="Bronwyn Bishop">Bronwyn Bishop</a>, on 22 November 2013, formally ending his parliamentary career.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> <a href="/wiki/Terri_Butler" title="Terri Butler">Terri Butler</a> was selected to run for the Labor Party at the resulting <a href="/wiki/2014_Griffith_by-election" title="2014 Griffith by-election">by-election</a> in the electorate of Griffith to be held on 8 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Swan-2013-283">[283]</a> Rudd offered Butler his support and advice, and campaigned with her in a low-key appearance on 11 January 2014.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> Butler ultimately succeeded Rudd in the seat.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_roles">International roles</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_(52101254954).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Speaks_with_Asia_Society_President_and_CEO_Rudd_%2852101254954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5652" data-file-height="4897" /></a><figcaption>Rudd with U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> in May 2022</figcaption></figure> In early 2014, Rudd left Australia to work in the United States, where he was appointed a Senior Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">Kennedy School</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Belfer_Center_for_Science_and_International_Affairs" title="Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs">Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, where he completed a major research effort on the future of <a href="/wiki/China-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China-United States relations">US-China relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-harvard1-287">[287]</a> Through 2014 Rudd joined the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> as a distinguished statesman,<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> and was appointed a distinguished fellow at both the <a href="/wiki/Paulson_Institute" title="Paulson Institute">Paulson Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, Illinois<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>, London.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In September of that year, he was appointed Chair of the Independent Commission on Multilateralism at the <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Institute" title="International Peace Institute">International Peace Institute</a> in Vienna, Austria,<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> and in October became the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Society" title="Asia Society">Asia Society</a> Policy Institute in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> On 5 November 2015, Rudd was appointed to chair Sanitation and Water For All, a global partnership to achieve universal access to drinking water and adequate sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> He has also actively contributed to the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>'s Global Agenda Council on China.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> Rudd is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Berggruen_Institute" title="Berggruen Institute">Berggruen Institute</a>'s 21st Century Council.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> On 21 October 2016, he was awarded an honorary professorship at <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> In 2016, Rudd asked the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Australia">Government of Australia</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Second_Turnbull_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Turnbull Ministry">a government</a> of the Liberal-National Coalition) to nominate him for <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a>. At its meeting on 28 July, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a> was divided on his suitability for the role and, on that basis, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> decided to decline the request; since nomination by the Australian government was considered a necessary prerequisite for candidacy, Turnbull's decision essentially ended Rudd's campaign;<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Rudd later confirmed as much.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> However, there remains dispute over what if any earlier assurances Turnbull may have given to Rudd and about what happened in the Cabinet meeting.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> Rudd is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Leadership_Foundation" title="Global Leadership Foundation">Global Leadership Foundation</a>, a non-profit organisation comprising a network of former heads of state or government.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_commission_into_Australian_news_media">Royal commission into Australian news media</h3></div> On 10 October 2020, Rudd launched a petition for a <a href="/wiki/Royal_commission" title="Royal commission">royal commission</a> into what he termed the "<a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a> media monopoly" and its impact on Australian democracy.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> The public demand to sign the petition following Rudd's Twitter announcement caused the Australian Parliament House's ePetitions site to experience technical difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> On 25 October 2020, Rudd was joined by former prime minister Malcolm Turnbull who gave him his support,<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> tweeting that he too had signed the petition.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> With more than 500,000 signatures, the petition became the most signed parliamentary e-petition in Australia and the third most signed parliamentary petition ever.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> The petition was tabled in the House of Representatives by Labor MP <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leigh" title="Andrew Leigh">Andrew Leigh</a> on 9 November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peta_Credlin" title="Peta Credlin">Peta Credlin</a>, a Sky News commentator gave an on air apology in February 2021 to Rudd as part of a confidential legal settlement regarding defamation over comments she made in 2020 about him and his petition.<a href="#cite_note-Meade-2021-315">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic">Academic</h3></div> In 2017, Rudd began studying for a doctorate on <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College, Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> In 2022, Rudd was conferred with a Doctorate of Philosophy from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. In his thesis, titled "China's new Marxist nationalism: defining Xi Jinping's ideological worldview",<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> Rudd argues that Xi has adopted a more Marxist political and economic approach to government and that will have negative consequences for economic growth and China as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway-2022-318">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambassador_to_the_United_States">Ambassador to the United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Prime_Minister_Anthony_Albanese_visits_Arlington_National_Cemetery_where_he_placed_a_wreath_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_on_October_23,_2023_43_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Australian_Prime_Minister_Anthony_Albanese_visits_Arlington_National_Cemetery_where_he_placed_a_wreath_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_on_October_23%2C_2023_43_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Australian_Prime_Minister_Anthony_Albanese_visits_Arlington_National_Cemetery_where_he_placed_a_wreath_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_on_October_23%2C_2023_43_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Australian_Prime_Minister_Anthony_Albanese_visits_Arlington_National_Cemetery_where_he_placed_a_wreath_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_on_October_23%2C_2023_43_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3331" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption>Rudd was appointed as Australia's ambassador to the U.S. by prime minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> in March 2023</figcaption></figure> In late 2022, there were calls for Rudd to be appointed as the next <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Australia to the United States">Australian Ambassador to the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> On 20 December 2022, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a> announced that Rudd would be appointed as the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador of Australia to the United States">Ambassador of Australia to the United States</a> in early 2023, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sinodinos" title="Arthur Sinodinos">Arthur Sinodinos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> Rudd assumed the position on 20 March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> In March 2024, Rudd was criticised by former US president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, who labelled him "nasty" and indicated that he would be removed as US ambassador should Trump win the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>. Rudd had previously been highly critical of Trump during his <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first presidency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Penny Wong later clarified that Rudd would stay on as ambassador even in the result of Trump winning the election.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> In the role, Rudd has been a vocal advocate for <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> security partnership, urging American decision makers to implement its promise of technology sharing.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> While it was hoped he might defuse tension between the United States and China in the role, Rudd has become a blunt critic of China's expansionism.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd,_book_launch,_Bulimba_State_School,_25_October_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg/200px-Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg/301px-Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg/400px-Kevin_Rudd%2C_book_launch%2C_Bulimba_State_School%2C_25_October_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Rudd at the book launch for the first volume of his autobiography at <a href="/wiki/Bulimba_State_School" title="Bulimba State School">Bulimba State School</a>, October 2017</figcaption></figure> Rudd has authored several books. While prime minister, he co-authored a children's book with entertainer <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Muldoon" title="Rhys Muldoon">Rhys Muldoon</a>, Jasper & Abby and the Great Australia Day Kerfuffle, which was published in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> In October 2017, Rudd launched the first volume of his autobiography, entitled Not for the Faint-hearted: A Personal Reflection on Life, Politics and Purpose, which chronicles his life until becoming prime minister in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> The following year, he published the second volume of his autobiography, The PM Years, which covers his prime ministership, the events leading to his removal, and his subsequent return to the position in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> In March 2021, Rudd published The Case for Courage as part of <a href="/wiki/Monash_University_Publishing" title="Monash University Publishing">Monash University Publishing</a>'s In the National Interest series. The book details <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a>'s domination of the Australian media landscape and poses ideas for how the Labor Party can ensure longevity in office.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> His next book, <a href="/wiki/The_Avoidable_War" title="The Avoidable War">The Avoidable War</a>, focuses on the bilateral relationship between the United States and China and how the two nations can avoid conflict.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg/200px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg/299px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg/399px-Kevin_Rudd_and_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>Rudd and his wife <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein" title="Thérèse Rein">Thérèse Rein</a> in February 2018</figcaption></figure> In 1981, Rudd married <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Rein" title="Thérèse Rein">Thérèse Rein</a> whom he had met at a gathering of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Student_Christian_Movement" title="Australian Student Christian Movement">Australian Student Christian Movement</a> during his university years. Both were residents at <a href="/wiki/Burgmann_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgmann College">Burgmann College</a> during their first year of university.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Rudd and Rein have three children.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-family3-333">[333]</a> Rudd is a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Lions" title="Brisbane Lions">Brisbane Lions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> Rudd and his family attend the Anglican church of St John the Baptist in <a href="/wiki/Bulimba,_Queensland" title="Bulimba, Queensland">Bulimba</a> in his electorate. Although raised a Roman Catholic, Rudd was actively involved in the Evangelical Union while studying at the Australian National University,<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> and he began attending <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> services in the 1980s with his wife.<a href="#cite_note-Marriner-2006-12">[12]</a> In December 2009, Rudd attended a Catholic Mass to commemorate the canonisation of <a href="/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop">Mary MacKillop</a> at which he received <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Holy Communion</a>. Rudd's actions provoked criticism and debate among both political and religious circles.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> A report by The Australian quoted that Rudd embraced Anglicanism but at the same time did not formally renounce his Catholic faith.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Rudd was a mainstay of the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_prayer_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary prayer group">parliamentary prayer group</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Canberra" title="Parliament House, Canberra">Parliament House, Canberra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abbott_attacks-338">[338]</a> He has been vocal about his Christianity and has given a number of prominent interviews to the Australian religious press on the topic.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Rudd has defended church representatives engaging with policy debates, particularly with respect to <a href="/wiki/WorkChoices" title="WorkChoices">WorkChoices</a> legislation, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Global poverty">global poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_cloning" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic cloning">therapeutic cloning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-monthly-340">[340]</a> In 2003, he described himself as "an old-fashioned <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian socialist">Christian socialist</a>".<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> In a 2006 essay in <a href="/wiki/The_Monthly" title="The Monthly">The Monthly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-monthly-340">[340]</a> he argued: <blockquote>A [truly] Christian perspective on contemporary policy debates may not prevail. It must nonetheless be argued. And once heard, it must be weighed, together with other arguments from different philosophical traditions, in a fully contestable secular polity. A Christian perspective, informed by a social gospel or Christian socialist tradition, should not be rejected contemptuously by secular politicians as if these views are an unwelcome intrusion into the political sphere. If the churches are barred from participating in the great debates about the values that ultimately underpin our society, our economy and our polity, then we have reached a very strange place indeed.</blockquote> He cites <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a> as a personal inspiration in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> When in Canberra, Rudd and Rein worshipped at <a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Reid" title="St John the Baptist Church, Reid">St John the Baptist Church, Reid</a>, where they were married.<a href="#cite_note-Marr,_David-2010-8">[8]</a> Rudd often did a "door stop" interview for the media when leaving the church yard.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> In 1993, Rudd underwent a cardiac valve transplant operation (<a href="/wiki/Ross_procedure" title="Ross procedure">Ross procedure</a>), receiving a <a href="/wiki/Cadaver" title="Cadaver">cadaveric</a> <a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement" title="Aortic valve replacement">aortic valve replacement</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatic heart disease">rheumatic heart disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> In 2011, Rudd underwent a second cardiac valve transplant operation,<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> making a full recovery from the surgery.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?518360-1/after-words-kevin-rudd">After Words interview with Rudd on The Avoidable War, April 10, 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRudd2009" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2009). Building on ASEAN's Success: Towards an Asia Pacific Community. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812308719" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812308719"><bdi>978-9812308719</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+on+ASEAN%27s+Success%3A+Towards+an+Asia+Pacific+Community&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=ISEAS+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9812308719&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2017" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2017). Not for the Faint-hearted: A Personal Reflection on Life, Politics and Purpose. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Macmillan</a> Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781743534830" title="Special:BookSources/9781743534830"><bdi>9781743534830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+for+the+Faint-hearted%3A+A+Personal+Reflection+on+Life%2C+Politics+and+Purpose&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan+Australia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781743534830&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2018" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2018). The PM Years. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Macmillan</a> Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760556686" title="Special:BookSources/9781760556686"><bdi>9781760556686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+PM+Years&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan+Australia&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781760556686&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2021" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2021). The Case for Courage. Melbourne: <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781922464156" title="Special:BookSources/9781922464156"><bdi>9781922464156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Courage&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Monash+University+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781922464156&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2022" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2022). <a href="/wiki/The_Avoidable_War" title="The Avoidable War">The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict between the US and Xi Jinping's China</a>. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1541701298" title="Special:BookSources/978-1541701298"><bdi>978-1541701298</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Avoidable+War%3A+The+Dangers+of+a+Catastrophic+Conflict+between+the+US+and+Xi+Jinping%27s+China&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1541701298&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2024" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2024). On Xi Jinping: How Xi's Marxist Nationalism is Shaping China and the World. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0197766033" title="Special:BookSources/978-0197766033"><bdi>978-0197766033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Xi+Jinping%3A+How+Xi%27s+Marxist+Nationalism+is+Shaping+China+and+the+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0197766033&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rudd_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Rudd Ministry">Second Rudd Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II">List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2013" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Michael (30 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/whatever-happened-to-the-famous-kevin-07-mojo-20130830-2swb3.html">"Whatever happened to the famous Kevin 07 mojo?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814044105/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/whatever-happened-to-the-famous-kevin-07-mojo-20130830-2swb3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Whatever+happened+to+the+famous+Kevin+07+mojo%3F&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fwhatever-happened-to-the-famous-kevin-07-mojo-20130830-2swb3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/20/former-labor-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-appointed-ambassador-to-the-us">"Former Labor prime minister Kevin Rudd appointed ambassador to the US"</a>. the Guardian. 20 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614205454/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/20/former-labor-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-appointed-ambassador-to-the-us">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+Labor+prime+minister+Kevin+Rudd+appointed+ambassador+to+the+US&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2022%2Fdec%2F20%2Fformer-labor-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-appointed-ambassador-to-the-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiden,_Samantha2008" class="citation news cs1">Maiden, Samantha (31 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/convict-roots-of-rudds-family-tree/story-fna7dq6e-1111117069546">"Urchins, convicts at root of Kevin Rudd's family tree"</a>. The Australian. Retrieved 18 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Urchins%2C+convicts+at+root+of+Kevin+Rudd%27s+family+tree&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft.au=Maiden%2C+Samantha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fconvict-roots-of-rudds-family-tree%2Fstory-fna7dq6e-1111117069546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historyservicesnswblog.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html">"Australia Day and your Convict Ancestor"</a>. History Services Blog. 26 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802222244/http://historyservicesnswblog.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Services+Blog&rft.atitle=Australia+Day+and+your+Convict+Ancestor&rft.date=2010-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoryservicesnswblog.blogspot.com%2F2010_01_01_archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder2008" class="citation web cs1">Elder, John (20 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/with-family-like-this-some-rudds-going-to-stick-20080120-ge6ml6.html">"With family like this, some Rudd's going to stick"</a>. The Age. Retrieved 25 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=With+family+like+this%2C+some+Rudd%27s+going+to+stick&rft.date=2008-01-20&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fwith-family-like-this-some-rudds-going-to-stick-20080120-ge6ml6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwartz2008" class="citation web cs1">Zwartz, Barney (31 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/so-prime-minister-youre-related-to-a-thief-and-a-forger-20080731-3nzl.html">"So, Prime Minister, you're related to a thief and a forger"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 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Canberra Times. 16 September 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712092311/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110598024">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=2+chosen+from+ACT+for+youth+conference&rft.date=1979-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F110598024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Rachel2008" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Rachel (9 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2212441.htm">"Chinese activist puts hope in Rudd"</a> (transcript). PM. 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Retrieved 19 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Dithering+Liberals+get+their+deserts&rft.date=2008-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fdithering-liberals-get-their-deserts%2F2008%2F09%2F12%2F1220857832437.html%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weller-2014-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weller-2014_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weller-2014_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2014" class="citation book cs1">Weller, Patrick (2014). Kevin Rudd: Twice Prime Minister. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0522857481" title="Special:BookSources/978-0522857481"><bdi>978-0522857481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kevin+Rudd%3A+Twice+Prime+Minister&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0522857481&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2017" class="citation book cs1">Rudd, Kevin (2017). Not for the Faint-hearted: A Personal Reflection on Life, Politics and Purpose 1957–2007. Sydney: Pan Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1743534830" title="Special:BookSources/978-1743534830"><bdi>978-1743534830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+for+the+Faint-hearted%3A+A+Personal+Reflection+on+Life%2C+Politics+and+Purpose+1957%E2%80%932007&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1743534830&rft.aulast=Rudd&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Henderson, Deborah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00003245/01/3245.pdf">"Shaping Australia's Future"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 4 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Rudd+ousts+Beazley&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frudd-ousts-beazley%2F2006%2F12%2F04%2F1165080846679.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206020206/http://www.alp.org.au/media/1206/pcloo040.php">"Press Conference"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>. 4 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alp.org.au/media/1206/pcloo040.php">the original</a> on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Conference&rft.pub=Australian+Labor+Party&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alp.org.au%2Fmedia%2F1206%2Fpcloo040.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudd-vows-education-revolution/2007/01/22/1169330827940.html">"Rudd vows education revolution"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124175607/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudd-vows-education-revolution/2007/01/22/1169330827940.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Rudd+vows+education+revolution&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frudd-vows-education-revolution%2F2007%2F01%2F22%2F1169330827940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Franklin2006" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Franklin (6 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120911181452/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20879481-2702,00.html">"Rudd calls on states to corner PM"</a>. The Australian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20879481-2702,00.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Rudd+calls+on+states+to+corner+PM&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft.au=Matthew+Franklin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C20867%2C20879481-2702%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/rudd-unveils-climate-change-blueprint/2007/03/31/1174761799176.html">"Rudd unveils climate change blueprint"</a>. The Age. Melbourne. 31 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212121751/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/rudd-unveils-climate-change-blueprint/2007/03/31/1174761799176.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Rudd+unveils+climate+change+blueprint&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frudd-unveils-climate-change-blueprint%2F2007%2F03%2F31%2F1174761799176.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/wireless--broadband/labors-47-billion-broadband-plan/2007/03/21/1174153131586.html">"Labor's $4.7 billion broadband plan"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410191701/http://www.smh.com.au/news/wireless--broadband/labors-47-billion-broadband-plan/2007/03/21/1174153131586.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Labor%27s+%244.7+billion+broadband+plan&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwireless--broadband%2Flabors-47-billion-broadband-plan%2F2007%2F03%2F21%2F1174153131586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s1860887.htm">"7.30 Report – 01/03/2007: Rudd under fire over Burke meetings"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 August 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704072358/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s1860887.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7.30+Report+%E2%80%93+01%2F03%2F2007%3A+Rudd+under+fire+over+Burke+meetings&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2F7.30%2Fcontent%2F2007%2Fs1860887.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2007" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, David (28 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/02/27/1172338625209.html">"The strife of Brian – In Depth"</a>. The Age. Melbourne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228210956/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/02/27/1172338625209.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=The+strife+of+Brian+%E2%80%93+In+Depth&rft.date=2007-02-28&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F27%2F1172338625209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin2008" class="citation news cs1">Franklin, Matthew (19 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126181729/http://www.news.com.au/national/pm-admits-to-dodging-dinner/story-e6frfkw9-1111115587221">"Kevin Rudd admits to dodging Brian Burke dinner"</a>. News.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/pm-admits-to-dodging-dinner/story-e6frfkw9-1111115587221">the original</a> on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+admits+to+dodging+Brian+Burke+dinner&rft.date=2008-02-19&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fpm-admits-to-dodging-dinner%2Fstory-e6frfkw9-1111115587221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrissenden2006" class="citation news cs1">Brissenden, Michael (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017042540/http://abc.net.au/stateline/act/content/2006/s1803326.htm">"Rudd Challenge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stateline_(TV_program)" title="Stateline (TV program)">Stateline Canberra</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/act/content/2006/s1803326.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stateline+Canberra&rft.atitle=Rudd+Challenge&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.aulast=Brissenden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fstateline%2Fact%2Fcontent%2F2006%2Fs1803326.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewsLtd200704_SunriseSunset-47"><a href="#cite_ref-NewsLtd200704_SunriseSunset_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213022554/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C4057%2C21563847-2%2C00.html">"Sunrise spots too hard: Rudd"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="News Ltd">News Ltd</a>. 16 April 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,4057,21563847-2,00.html">the original</a> on 13 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sunrise+spots+too+hard%3A+Rudd&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C4057%2C21563847-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudds-strip-club-visit/2007/08/19/1187462058476.html">"Rudd's Strip Club Visit"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830175935/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudds-strip-club-visit/2007/08/19/1187462058476.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Rudd%27s+Strip+Club+Visit&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frudds-strip-club-visit%2F2007%2F08%2F19%2F1187462058476.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/21/2010489.htm">"Rudd in strip joint: 'Oh no, this won't do'"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100407230258/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/21/2010489.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rudd+in+strip+joint%3A+%27Oh+no%2C+this+won%27t+do%27&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2007-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2007%2F08%2F21%2F2010489.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2007/s2010353.htm">"Rudd avoids poll slide after strip club revelations"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100404050512/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2007/s2010353.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rudd+avoids+poll+slide+after+strip+club+revelations&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flateline%2Fcontent%2F2007%2Fs2010353.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMennie2007" class="citation news cs1">Mennie, Sarah (21 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,22023,22278944-5000112,00.html">"Rudd on last chance"</a>. News.com.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309152236/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,22023,22278944-5000112,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Rudd+on+last+chance&rft.date=2007-08-21&rft.aulast=Mennie&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fheraldsun%2Fstory%2F0%2C22023%2C22278944-5000112%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeywood2007" class="citation news cs1">Heywood, Lachlan (21 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023031645/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0%2C23739%2C22624834-952%2C00.html">"Worm turns against Howard"</a>. news.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,22624834-952,00.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.com.au&rft.atitle=Worm+turns+against+Howard&rft.date=2007-10-21&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=Lachlan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fcouriermail%2Fstory%2F0%2C23739%2C22624834-952%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reckless-lateline-52"><a href="#cite_ref-reckless-lateline_52-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2007/s2091167.htm">Rudd warns of Howard's 'reckless spending'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125103042/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2007/s2091167.htm">Archived</a> 25 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lateline" title="Lateline">Lateline</a> transcript </li> <li id="cite_note-reckless-canberratimes-53"><a href="#cite_ref-reckless-canberratimes_53-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/rudd-undercuts-howard-this-sort-of-reckless-spending-must-stop/283816.aspx?storypage=1">Rudd undercuts Howard 'This sort of reckless spending must stop'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027210723/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/rudd-undercuts-howard-this-sort-of-reckless-spending-must-stop/283816.aspx?storypage=1">Archived</a> 27 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canberra_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Canberra Times">Canberra Times</a>; Laurie Oakes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2008/11/24/40281_opinion.html">Rudd calm in the crisis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721134003/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2008/11/24/40281_opinion.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – The Mercury, 24 November 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-QLD_support-54"><a href="#cite_ref-QLD_support_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206213010/http://www.abc.net.au/news/video/2007/11/25/2100641.htm">"Qld support underpins Rudd's landslide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. 25 November 2007. 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Retrieved 17 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Qld+set+at+battle+ground+for+federal+election&rft.date=2007-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2F7.30%2Fcontent%2F2007%2Fs1867103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben_Worsley-2007-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Ben_Worsley-2007_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Worsley2007" class="citation news cs1">Ben Worsley (29 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/29/2046939.htm">"Rudd seizes power from factions"</a>. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206204444/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/29/2046939.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2009. 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Retrieved 25 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Politics&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+Sworn+in+As+Australia%27s+26th+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustralianpolitics.com%2F2007%2F12%2F03%2Fkevin-rudd-sworn-in-as-australias-26th-prime-minister.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kyoto-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Kyoto_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/03/2108345.htm">"Rudd signs Kyoto ratification document"</a>. ABC News. Australia. 3 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207041816/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/03/2108345.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Rudd+signs+Kyoto+ratification+document&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2007%2F12%2F03%2F2108345.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afr.com/politics/kevin-rudd-s-successes-and-failures-20100624-ivaju">"Kevin Rudd's successes and failures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review" title="Australian Financial Review">Australian Financial Review</a>. 24 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111211726/https://www.afr.com/politics/kevin-rudd-s-successes-and-failures-20100624-ivaju">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Financial+Review&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd%27s+successes+and+failures&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afr.com%2Fpolitics%2Fkevin-rudd-s-successes-and-failures-20100624-ivaju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2010/04/13/2871216.htm">"$9.1 million for Lismore Base Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News (Australia)</a>. 13 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029132007/https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2010/04/13/2871216.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. 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Retrieved 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+2008+TIME+100&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft.aulast=Blanchett&rft.aufirst=Cate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2F2007%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C1733748_1733757_1735719%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215185108/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C23237839-2%2C00.html">"Brendan Nelson's record low approval rating"</a>. News.com.au. Australian Associated Press. 19 February 2008. 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The Australian. 4 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Nelson+defends+record+low+poll+figures&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C25197%2C23315143-5013947%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodgers,_Emma2010" class="citation news cs1">Rodgers, Emma (10 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/05/10/2895483.htm">"MPs challenge Rudd over backflips, bad polls"</a>. ABC News. 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Retrieved 28 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Rudd+lays+out+his+platform+as+Clayton%27s+election+campaign+rolls+on&rft.date=2007-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frudd-lays-out-his-platform-as-claytons-election-campaign-rolls-on%2F2007%2F03%2F08%2F1173166895544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudd2007" class="citation web cs1">Rudd, Kevin (8 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianpolitics.com/2007/03/08/rudd-commit-to-emissions-trading-regime.html">"Kevin Rudd's speech to The Global Foundation in Melbourne"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630124049/http://australianpolitics.com/2007/03/08/rudd-commit-to-emissions-trading-regime.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2016. 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Retrieved 28 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Rudd+plan+to+help+small+islands+hit+by+rising+seas&rft.date=2009-11-27&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fenvironment%2Frudd-plan-to-help-small-islands-hit-by-rising-seas-20091127-jwwg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Brown in <a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Season_(Australian_TV_series)" title="The Killing Season (Australian TV series)">The Killing Season</a> (2015), as quoted by <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://independentaustralia.net/politics/politics-display/the-killing-season-exposes-australias-malicious-media,7869">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427122649/https://independentaustralia.net/politics/politics-display/the-killing-season-exposes-australias-malicious-media,7869">Archived</a> 27 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArup2009" class="citation news cs1">Arup, Tom (21 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/come-clean-on-targets-rudd-told-20091221-la2h.html">"Come clean on targets, Rudd told"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Australia%2C+you+don%27t+know+how+good+you%27ve+got+it&rft.date=2013-09-02&rft.aulast=Stiglitz&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fcomment%2Faustralia-you-dont-know-how-good-youve-got-it-20130901-2sytb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8080446.stm">"Australia able to avoid recession"</a>. BBC News (Business). 3 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126164029/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8080446.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2010. 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Retrieved 13 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Coalition+and+Labor+narrow+industrial+relations+gap&rft.date=2007-09-03&rft.au=Ross+Gittins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcoalition-and-labor-narrow-industrial-relations-gap%2F2007%2F09%2F02%2F1188671793954.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2007" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Mark (28 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudd-takes-an-eachway-gamble-on-workers-and-bosses/2007/08/28/1188067111374.html?page=fullpage">"Rudd takes an each-way gamble on workers and bosses"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesian+solution+%27a+shambles%27+%E2%80%93+ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2009%2F10%2F28%2F2725891.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-defends-ban-on-sri-lankan-afghan-asylum-seekers-20100411-s0ln.html">"Rudd defends ban on Sri Lankan, Afghan asylum seekers"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107101901/http://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-defends-ban-on-sri-lankan-afghan-asylum-seekers-20100411-s0ln.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Rudd+defends+ban+on+Sri+Lankan%2C+Afghan+asylum+seekers&rft.date=2010-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Frudd-defends-ban-on-sri-lankan-afghan-asylum-seekers-20100411-s0ln.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhadem2007" class="citation news cs1">Khadem, Nassim (28 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bet-your-bottom-line-its-poll-time/2007/04/27/1177459980670.html">"Bet your bottom line, it's poll time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517041341/https://www.theage.com.au/national/bet-your-bottom-line-its-poll-time-20070428-ge4rll.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Bet+your+bottom+line%2C+it%27s+poll+time&rft.date=2007-04-28&rft.aulast=Khadem&rft.aufirst=Nassim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbet-your-bottom-line-its-poll-time%2F2007%2F04%2F27%2F1177459980670.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2013" class="citation book cs1">Singleton, Gwynneth (2013). Australian Political Institutions. 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The Age. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517041342/https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/labour-pledges-giant-review-of-tax-and-welfare-20080512-ge72f9.html?page=fullpage">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Labor+pledges+giant+tax+review&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft.aulast=Grattan&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Khadem%2C+Nassim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Ffederal-budget%2Fgiant-review-of-tax-and-welfare-labor%2F2008%2F05%2F11%2F1210444243778.html%3Fpage%3Dfullpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2010/s2883165.htm">"Lateline – 26/04/2010: Rudd prepares to release tax review"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lateline+%E2%80%93+26%2F04%2F2010%3A+Rudd+prepares+to+release+tax+review&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flateline%2Fcontent%2F2010%2Fs2883165.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen2010" class="citation news cs1">Andersen, Brigid (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-05-25/factbox-the-new-mining-tax/840162">"Factbox: the new mining tax"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farmweekly.com.au/news/agriculture/agribusiness/general-news/mining-group-turns-the-tables-on-rudd/1845525.aspx">the original</a> on 7 August 2016. 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Retrieved 16 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Mining+tax+revenue+slumps&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.aulast=Ker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Ffederal-budget%2Fmining-tax-revenue-slumps-20130514-2jkm1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/25/2937220.htm">"Rudd's reforms missed mental health"</a>. 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110212190949/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/11/3136193.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/11465/Australia's%20Aid%20Program%20is%20making%20a%20difference.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 February 2014. 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Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Pacific+workers+to+help+fruit+crisis&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fpacific-workers-to-help-fruit-crisis%2F2008%2F08%2F17%2F1218911460329.html%3Fpage%3Dfullpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayHowes2012" class="citation web cs1">Hay, Danielle; Howes, Stephen (April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devpolicy.anu.edu.au/pdf/papers/DP_17_-_Australia%27s_Pacific_Seasonal_Worker_Pilot_Scheme.pdf">"Australia's Pacific Seasonal Worker Pilot Scheme: why has take-up been so low?"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+Pacific+Seasonal+Worker+Pilot+Scheme%3A+why+has+take-up+been+so+low%3F&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2012-04&rft.aulast=Hay&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft.au=Howes%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevpolicy.anu.edu.au%2Fpdf%2Fpapers%2FDP_17_-_Australia%2527s_Pacific_Seasonal_Worker_Pilot_Scheme.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke2016" class="citation news cs1">Locke, Sabina (9 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-08/govt-expands-seasonal-worker-program-cracks-down-on-exploitation/7147796">"Seasonal Worker Programme expanded to take more Pacific Islander and East Timorese workers for livestock and grain farms"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+Rural&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Worker+Programme+expanded+to+take+more+Pacific+Islander+and+East+Timorese+workers+for+livestock+and+grain+farms&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft.aulast=Locke&rft.aufirst=Sabina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-02-08%2Fgovt-expands-seasonal-worker-program-cracks-down-on-exploitation%2F7147796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert2009" class="citation news cs1">Schubert, Misha (2 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/troops-pull-out-of-iraq-20080601-2kjh.html">"Troops pull out of Iraq"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115202630/https://www.smh.com.au/national/troops-pull-out-of-iraq-20080601-2kjh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Troops+pull+out+of+Iraq&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Misha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Ftroops-pull-out-of-iraq-20080601-2kjh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2008" class="citation news cs1">Squires, Nick (2 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/2064720/Going-to-war-with-Iraq-was-wrong-Australian-Prime-Minister-Kevin-Rudd-admits.html">"Going to war with Iraq was wrong, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd admits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/2064720/Going-to-war-with-Iraq-was-wrong-Australian-Prime-Minister-Kevin-Rudd-admits.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Going+to+war+with+Iraq+was+wrong%2C+Australian+Prime+Minister+Kevin+Rudd+admits&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Faustraliaandthepacific%2Faustralia%2F2064720%2FGoing-to-war-with-Iraq-was-wrong-Australian-Prime-Minister-Kevin-Rudd-admits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> The decision to partially withdraw was noted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelton2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kelton, Maryanne (April–June 2008). "The 2007 Australian federal election and a 'steadfast, straight-talking' alliance". 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Retrieved 9 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Desperately+seeking+Kevin&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft.aulast=Gawenda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fin-depth%2Fdesperately-seeking-kevin%2F2007%2F11%2F16%2F1194766958567.html%3Fpage%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donald-2007-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Donald-2007_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald2007" class="citation news cs1">Donald, Peta (18 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2007/s2001400.htm">"Howard, Rudd make pitch to Christian voters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AM_(ABC_Radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="AM (ABC Radio)">AM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017222235/http://abc.net.au/am/content/2007/s2001400.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2007. 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Rudd, that is"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202223908/https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-need-to-talk-about-kevin--rudd-that-is-20100607-xnv5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020. 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Retrieved 28 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Financial+Review&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd%27s+successes+and+failures&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afr.com%2Fpolitics%2Fkevin-rudd-s-successes-and-failures-20100624-ivaju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnott2013" class="citation web cs1">Knott, Matthew (14 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/11/14/the-rudd-years-highs-and-lows/">"The Rudd years: highs and lows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crikey" title="Crikey">Crikey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131117230412/http://www.crikey.com.au/2013/11/14/the-rudd-years-highs-and-lows/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rudd+years%3A+highs+and+lows&rft.pub=Crikey&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft.aulast=Knott&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crikey.com.au%2F2013%2F11%2F14%2Fthe-rudd-years-highs-and-lows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackerras2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Mackerras" title="Malcolm Mackerras">Mackerras, Malcolm</a> (25 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/ranking-australias-prime-ministers-20100624-z3bn.html">"Ranking Australia's prime ministers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025091144/https://www.smh.com.au/national/ranking-australias-prime-ministers-20100624-z3bn.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Ranking+Australia%27s+prime+ministers&rft.date=2010-06-25&rft.aulast=Mackerras&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Franking-australias-prime-ministers-20100624-z3bn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrangio2013" class="citation book cs1">Strangio, Paul (2013). "Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The Australian Experience". In Strangio, Paul; 't Hart, Paul; Walter, James (eds.). Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives. 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PerthNow. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a>. 22 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/breaking-news/former-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister/story-e6frg12u-1226278542431">the original</a> on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PerthNow&rft.atitle=Former+Prime+Minister+Kevin+Rudd+resigns+as+Foreign+Minister&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Fformer-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister%2Fstory-e6frg12u-1226278542431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1628677/Rudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister">"Rudd resigns as foreign minister"</a>. World News Australia. Australian Associated Press. 22 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209013711/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/rudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister/6d9oy311v">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+News+Australia&rft.atitle=Rudd+resigns+as+foreign+minister&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1628677%2FRudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2012" class="citation news cs1">Benson, Simon (23 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223184626/http://www.news.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-had-dinner-with-kim-beazley-before-all-hell-broke-loose/story-e6frfkvr-1226279047970">"Kevin Rudd had dinner with Kim Beazley before all hell broke loose"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-had-dinner-with-kim-beazley-before-all-hell-broke-loose/story-e6frfkvr-1226279047970">the original</a> on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+had+dinner+with+Kim+Beazley+before+all+hell+broke+loose&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fkevin-rudd-had-dinner-with-kim-beazley-before-all-hell-broke-loose%2Fstory-e6frfkvr-1226279047970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/emerson-takes-foreign-reins-20120222-1todb.html#poll">"Emerson takes foreign reins"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221225843/https://mb.moatads.com/yi/v2?ol=0&qn=%604%7BZEYwoqI%24%5BK%2BdLLU)%2CMm~tR%23a.%5BMhS%3A15.snxNz3%2B1bmlLntoDUj%7B!%3CFeid%5BOV%7C%2B2x%3D(%3Ce7%25%7DSlx%3Am4%2C..8WLdA1%3BxTiWio8bYLaXBjA%3AmQ)%3CF!tAbjrzJ%3BgoVYGVxc%40lQQV%23tc3%2Fh%7C%3FVKV%3BaBgS%3F%2BWx%3Ba5%2F%5BGI%3F4YNmD%3Dn%3Cy)%23*R%23tw98YCC2J.bq!CASw%5EXm0okt%24b_o%3FtVD%5D%5BpN%7CQF%40Sy7%7B%2CNr1U*%26ujMUU8fvb%26%22B&tf=1_nMzjG---CSa7H-1SJH-bW7qhB-LRwqH-nMzjG-&vi=111111&rc=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0%2C0%2Cprobably%2Cprobably&rb=1-zkS3h0IJ33cxUahFibJNuf8fWh6NxOl9R0RB2436S0SxzRsAfXjmhYeX&rs=1-uOlLasUST%2BDrDg%3D%3D&sc=1&os=1-jQ%3D%3D&qp=00000&is=BBBBB2BBEYBvGl2BBCBBtUTE1RmsqbKW8BsrBu0rCFE48CRBeeBS2hWTMBBQeQBBn2soYggyUig0CBlWZ0uBBCCCCCCOgRBBiOfnE6Bkg7OxCb8MxOtJYHCBdm5kBhBBC9Y8oBXckXBR76iUUsJBCBBBBBBBBBWBBBj3BBBZeGV2BBBCMciUBBBjgEBBBBBB94UMgTdJMtEcpMBBBQBBBniOccBBBBBB47kNBBBBBBBBBBBBBhcjG6BBJM2L4Bk8BwCBQmIoRBBCzBz1BBCTClBBrbGBC4ehueB57NG9aJeRzBqEKiuwBBBB&iv=8&qt=0&gz=0&hh=0&hn=0&tw=%23G%3BI%2C(nN%7BQ&qc=0&qd=0&qf=1400&qe=900&qh=1400&qg=900&qm=0&qa=1400&qb=900&qi=1400&qj=900&to=000&po=1-0020002000002120&vy=ot%24b%5Bh%40%22oDgO%3DLlE6%3AYnIBMwqCf%5D)4%5Dz%2C%5B%26u9L%2F%2F%24b4%5DIAIbzbld%7Dt00%7Ca_BB%3FVxyEO%22zf4%5D%24cr16Zh5YigBghs%7ClTr1W*d%5B4kf%2FLyUoRdByZ%3C99Ks(I%7DY(T0c%7BDQ3MY.NjDby7p%26C&qr=0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Femerson-takes-foreign-reins-20120222-1todb.html&pcode=fairfaxheader492510264302&rx=529322703784&callback=MoatNadoAllJsonpRequest_40297849#poll">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Emerson+takes+foreign+reins&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fopinion%2Fpolitical-news%2Femerson-takes-foreign-reins-20120222-1todb.html%23poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChlamers,_Emma2011" class="citation news cs1">Chlamers, Emma (11 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/queensland-mp-graham-perrett-says-hell-quit-if-julia-gillard-is-dumped-as-pm/story-e6freoof-1226163524937">"Queensland MP Graham Perrett says he'll quit if Julia Gillard is dumped as PM"</a>. The Courier-Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518122944/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/queensland-mp-graham-perrett-says-hell-quit-if-julia-gillard-is-dumped-as-pm/story-e6freoof-1226163524937">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Queensland+MP+Graham+Perrett+says+he%27ll+quit+if+Julia+Gillard+is+dumped+as+PM&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.au=Chlamers%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fqueensland%2Fqueensland-mp-graham-perrett-says-hell-quit-if-julia-gillard-is-dumped-as-pm%2Fstory-e6freoof-1226163524937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillard2011" class="citation speech cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Gillard, Julia</a> (2 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/julia-gillards-speech-in-full-20111202-1o9yu.html">Speech to ALP National Conference</a> (Speech). ALP National Conference. reproduced transcript by The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, NSW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326084233/http://www.smh.com.au/national/julia-gillards-speech-in-full-20111202-1o9yu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+ALP+National+Conference&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Gillard&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fjulia-gillards-speech-in-full-20111202-1o9yu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/simon-crean-rejects-claims-kevin-rudd-was-snubbed-at-the-alp-conference/story-fnba0rxe-1226213348854">"Simon Crean rejects claims Kevin Rudd was snubbed at the ALP conference"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a>. 4 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206163437/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/simon-crean-rejects-claims-kevin-rudd-was-snubbed-at-the-alp-conference/story-fnba0rxe-1226213348854">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Simon+Crean+rejects+claims+Kevin+Rudd+was+snubbed+at+the+ALP+conference&rft.date=2011-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Fin-depth%2Fsimon-crean-rejects-claims-kevin-rudd-was-snubbed-at-the-alp-conference%2Fstory-fnba0rxe-1226213348854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-wasnt-a-team-player-will-never-be-leader-again-crean-20120131-1qqf2.html">"Rudd wasn't a team player, will never be leader again: Crean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a>. 31 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222123957/http://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-wasnt-a-team-player-will-never-be-leader-again-crean-20120131-1qqf2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Rudd+wasn%27t+a+team+player%2C+will+never+be+leader+again%3A+Crean&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Frudd-wasnt-a-team-player-will-never-be-leader-again-crean-20120131-1qqf2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABCWilkie-2012-02-19-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABCWilkie-2012-02-19_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABCWilkie-2012-02-19_257-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-19/questions-over-leaked-rudd-video/3838358">"Wilkie convinced Rudd will launch challenge"</a>. Australia: ABC News. 19 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223232733/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-19/questions-over-leaked-rudd-video/3838358">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wilkie+convinced+Rudd+will+launch+challenge&rft.date=2012-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2012-02-19%2Fquestions-over-leaked-rudd-video%2F3838358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott,_Steven2012" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Steven (19 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/national/labor-challenge-will-occur-wilkie/story-e6freooo-1226274928521">"Rudd will challenge for leadership, says Andrew Wilkie"</a>. The Courier-Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423032653/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/national/labor-challenge-will-occur-wilkie/story-e6freooo-1226274928521">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Rudd+will+challenge+for+leadership%2C+says+Andrew+Wilkie&rft.date=2012-02-19&rft.au=Scott%2C+Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Flabor-challenge-will-occur-wilkie%2Fstory-e6freooo-1226274928521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/wayne-swan-attacks-dysfunctional-kevin-rudd-accusing-him-of-self-interest/story-e6frea6u-1226278752968">"Wayne Swan attacks 'dysfunctional' Kevin Rudd, accusing him of self-interest"</a>. The Advertiser. Adelaide, South Australia. Australian Associated Press. 22 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223054231/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/wayne-swan-attacks-dysfunctional-kevin-rudd-accusing-him-of-self-interest/story-e6frea6u-1226278752968">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Wayne+Swan+attacks+%27dysfunctional%27+Kevin+Rudd%2C+accusing+him+of+self-interest&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fwayne-swan-attacks-dysfunctional-kevin-rudd-accusing-him-of-self-interest%2Fstory-e6frea6u-1226278752968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarr2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Farr" title="Malcolm Farr">Farr, Malcolm</a> (22 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/pm-says-rudd-didnt-tell-her-of-his-plan/story-e6frf7jx-1226278721007">"Gillard will call leadership ballot on Monday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a>. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=Gillard+will+call+leadership+ballot+on+Monday&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Fpm-says-rudd-didnt-tell-her-of-his-plan%2Fstory-e6frf7jx-1226278721007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUhlmann,_Chris2012" class="citation news cs1">Uhlmann, Chris (22 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3437238.htm">"Burke gives frank assessment of developments"</a> (transcript). 7.30 Report. Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620002221/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3437238.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=7.30+Report&rft.atitle=Burke+gives+frank+assessment+of+developments&rft.date=2012-12-22&rft.au=Uhlmann%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2F7.30%2Fcontent%2F2012%2Fs3437238.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Tony2012" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Tony (22 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2012/s3437323.htm">"Democracy requires leadership ballot to wait: Cameron"</a> (transcript). Lateline. 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Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916231621/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/kevin-rudd-holed-up-in-washington-hotel-the-willard-after-resigning-as-foreign-minister/story-e6freuy9-1226278947012">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+speaks+for+the+first+time+since+his+resignation+as+foreign+minister&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.aulast=Toohey&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fkevin-rudd-holed-up-in-washington-hotel-the-willard-after-resigning-as-foreign-minister%2Fstory-e6freuy9-1226278947012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17136442">"Julia Gillard calls leadership ballot to end 'squabbling'"</a>. BBC News. 22 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223041535/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17136442">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2012. 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The Australian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227070638/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/fears-gillard-win-wont-end-warfare/story-fnccyr6m-1226282270766">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+fails+to+rule+out+being+drafted+as+leader+at+a+later+date%2C+as+he+heads+for+ballot+defeat&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.aulast=Packham&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Vasek%2C+Lanai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Fin-depth%2Ffears-gillard-win-wont-end-warfare%2Fstory-fnccyr6m-1226282270766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/julia-gillard-wins-labor-leadership-ballot/story-fn3dxity-1226282461385">"Julia Gillard wins Labor leadership ballot"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Julia+Gillard+loses+significant+support+among+caucus&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-06-09%2Fjulia-gillard-loses-significant-support-in-caucus%2F4742626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Cassidy" title="Barrie Cassidy">Cassidy, Barrie</a> (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-09/cassidy---gillard/4742634">"Is Gillard's number up?"</a>. ABC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609145911/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-09/cassidy---gillard/4742634">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013. 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The New Zealand Herald. 26 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130626153447/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10893164">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Julia+Gillard+calls+leadership+vote&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fworld%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D2%26objectid%3D10893164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/kevin-rudd-to-challenge-pm-julia-gillard-for-labor-leadership-tomorrow-morning/story-fni0cx12-1226670143790">"Kevin Rudd poised for return as PM after Bill Shorten withdraws support for Julia Gillard in leadership battle"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kevin+Rudd+poised+for+return+as+PM+after+Bill+Shorten+withdraws+support+for+Julia+Gillard+in+leadership+battle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnsw%2Fkevin-rudd-to-challenge-pm-julia-gillard-for-labor-leadership-tomorrow-morning%2Fstory-fni0cx12-1226670143790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.com.au-2013-275"><a href="#cite_ref-news.com.au-2013_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016132633/http://www.news.com.au/national-news/federal-election/labor-leadership-live-kevin-rudd-returns-julia-gillard-loses-support-of-partyroom/story-fnho52ip-1226669921693">"Labor leadership live: Kevin Rudd returns, Julia Gillard loses support of partyroom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News.com.au" title="News.com.au">news.com.au</a>. 26 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national-news/federal-election/labor-leadership-live-kevin-rudd-returns-julia-gillard-loses-support-of-partyroom/story-fnho52ip-1226669921693">the original</a> on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.com.au&rft.atitle=Labor+leadership+live%3A+Kevin+Rudd+returns%2C+Julia+Gillard+loses+support+of+partyroom&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational-news%2Ffederal-election%2Flabor-leadership-live-kevin-rudd-returns-julia-gillard-loses-support-of-partyroom%2Fstory-fnho52ip-1226669921693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Stephen (27 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/leadership-spill-governorgeneral-invites-kevin-rudd-to-be-prime-minister/story-e6frg6n6-1226670425853">"Leadership spill: Governor-General invites Kevin Rudd to be Prime Minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627004713/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/leadership-spill-governorgeneral-invites-kevin-rudd-to-be-prime-minister/story-e6frg6n6-1226670425853">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Leadership+spill%3A+Governor-General+invites+Kevin+Rudd+to+be+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fleadership-spill-governorgeneral-invites-kevin-rudd-to-be-prime-minister%2Fstory-e6frg6n6-1226670425853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-features/live-coverage-kevin-rudd-faces-the-nation-as-julia-gillard-ponders-her-future/story-fnho52jj-1226670571202">"Stephen Smith resigns and Kevin Rudd has no change to election date yet"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Smith+resigns+and+Kevin+Rudd+has+no+change+to+election+date+yet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fnews%2Fspecial-features%2Flive-coverage-kevin-rudd-faces-the-nation-as-julia-gillard-ponders-her-future%2Fstory-fnho52jj-1226670571202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearlman2012" class="citation news cs1">Pearlman, Jonathan (27 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10145093/Kevin-Rudd-sworn-in-as-Australian-prime-minister.html">"Kevin Rudd sworn in as Australian prime minister"</a>. Daily Telegraph UK. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10145093/Kevin-Rudd-sworn-in-as-Australian-prime-minister.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph+UK&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+sworn+in+as+Australian+prime+minister&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.aulast=Pearlman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Faustraliaandthepacific%2Faustralia%2F10145093%2FKevin-Rudd-sworn-in-as-Australian-prime-minister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Katharine (7 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/07/australian-elections-2013-results-live">"Australian elections 2013: Coalition wins - as it happened"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409143031/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/07/australian-elections-2013-results-live">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Australian+elections+2013%3A+Coalition+wins+-+as+it+happened&rft.date=2013-09-07&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fsep%2F07%2Faustralian-elections-2013-results-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Katharine (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/13/kevin-rudd-resigns-parliament">"Kevin Rudd quits politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205031/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/13/kevin-rudd-resigns-parliament">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+quits+politics&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fnov%2F13%2Fkevin-rudd-resigns-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-13/kevin-rudd-to-retire-from-politics/5090108">"Former prime minister Kevin Rudd quits federal politics with emotional speech to Parliament"</a>. ABC Online. 14 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317153328/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-13/kevin-rudd-to-retire-from-politics/5090108">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+Online&rft.atitle=Former+prime+minister+Kevin+Rudd+quits+federal+politics+with+emotional+speech+to+Parliament&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-11-13%2Fkevin-rudd-to-retire-from-politics%2F5090108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwan2013" class="citation news cs1">Swan, Jonathon (22 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/with-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html">"With formal resignation, Kevin Rudd irritates Coalition one more time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106054945/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/with-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=With+formal+resignation%2C+Kevin+Rudd+irritates+Coalition+one+more+time&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Jonathon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fwith-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swan-2013-283"><a href="#cite_ref-Swan-2013_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwan2013" class="citation news cs1">Swan, Jonathan (22 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/with-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html">"With formal resignation, Kevin Rudd irritates Coalition one more time"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131123103943/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/with-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=With+formal+resignation%2C+Kevin+Rudd+irritates+Coalition+one+more+time&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fwith-formal-resignation-kevin-rudd-irritates-coalition-one-more-time-20131122-2y0mg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2013" class="citation news cs1">Brennan, Rose (16 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/kevin-rudd-promises-advice-to-griffith-labor-candidate-terri-butler/story-fnihsrf2-1226783638720">"Kevin Rudd promises advice to Griffith Labor candidate Terri Butler"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215233245/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/kevin-rudd-promises-advice-to-griffith-labor-candidate-terri-butler/story-fnihsrf2-1226783638720">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+promises+advice+to+Griffith+Labor+candidate+Terri+Butler&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fqueensland%2Fkevin-rudd-promises-advice-to-griffith-labor-candidate-terri-butler%2Fstory-fnihsrf2-1226783638720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogler2014" class="citation news cs1">Vogler, Sarah (16 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/bill-shorten-to-campaign-in-griffith-for-terri-butler-days-after-kevin-rudd-quietly-lent-a-hand/story-fnihsrf2-1226802984917">"Bill Shorten to campaign in Griffith for Terri Butler days after Kevin Rudd quietly lent a hand"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a>. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Bill+Shorten+to+campaign+in+Griffith+for+Terri+Butler+days+after+Kevin+Rudd+quietly+lent+a+hand&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fqueensland%2Fbill-shorten-to-campaign-in-griffith-for-terri-butler-days-after-kevin-rudd-quietly-lent-a-hand%2Fstory-fnihsrf2-1226802984917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://results.aec.gov.au/17552/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-17552-163.htm">"The official election results"</a>. Griffith by-election 2014. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Electoral_Commission" title="Australian Electoral Commission">Australian Electoral Commission</a>. 27 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322184912/http://results.aec.gov.au/17552/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-17552-163.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Griffith+by-election+2014&rft.atitle=The+official+election+results&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresults.aec.gov.au%2F17552%2FWebsite%2FHouseDivisionFirstPrefs-17552-163.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvard1-287"><a href="#cite_ref-harvard1_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/kevin-rudd-goes-to-harvard-20140221-338el.html">"Kevin Rudd goes to Harvard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 21 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150718071155/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/kevin-rudd-goes-to-harvard-20140221-338el.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Kevin+Rudd+goes+to+Harvard&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fkevin-rudd-goes-to-harvard-20140221-338el.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.org/press/press-release/former-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-joins-csis-distinguished-statesman">"Former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Joins CSIS as Distinguished Statesman"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220182704/http://csis.org/press/press-release/former-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-joins-csis-distinguished-statesman">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Australian+Prime+Minister+Kevin+Rudd+Joins+CSIS+as+Distinguished+Statesman&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.au=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsis.org%2Fpress%2Fpress-release%2Fformer-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-joins-csis-distinguished-statesman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramston2014" class="citation news cs1">Bramston, Troy (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/distinguished-fellow-rudd-adds-another-string-to-bow/news-story/6c18e9c93be76bfd37bfee8caacb3c54">"Distinguished fellow Rudd adds another string to bow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Distinguished+fellow+Rudd+adds+another+string+to+bow&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Bramston&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Fdistinguished-fellow-rudd-adds-another-string-to-bow%2Fnews-story%2F6c18e9c93be76bfd37bfee8caacb3c54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415065356/http://www.paulsoninstitute.org/news/2014/09/11/paulson-institute-welcomes-former-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-as-its-first-distinguished-fellow/">"Paulson Institute welcomes former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd as its first Distinguished Fellow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paulson_Institute" title="Paulson Institute">Paulson Institute</a>. 11 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulsoninstitute.org/news/2014/09/11/paulson-institute-welcomes-former-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-as-its-first-distinguished-fellow/">the original</a> on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paulson+Institute+welcomes+former+Australian+Prime+Minister+Kevin+Rudd+as+its+first+Distinguished+Fellow&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulsoninstitute.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2F09%2F11%2Fpaulson-institute-welcomes-former-australian-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-as-its-first-distinguished-fellow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2014" class="citation news cs1">Huang, Wen (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/10/14/former-australian-prime-minister-joins-paulson-institute-distinguished-fellow">"Former Australian prime minister joins Paulson Institute as distinguished fellow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423000809/http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/10/14/former-australian-prime-minister-joins-paulson-institute-distinguished-fellow">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Australian+prime+minister+joins+Paulson+Institute+as+distinguished+fellow&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Wen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.uchicago.edu%2Farticle%2F2014%2F10%2F14%2Fformer-australian-prime-minister-joins-paulson-institute-distinguished-fellow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Nick (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/former-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-appointed-to-chatham-house-20131113-2xh8n.html">"Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd appointed to Chatham House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224232006/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/former-prime-minister-kevin-rudd-appointed-to-chatham-house-20131113-2xh8n.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2016. 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I doubt it will result in a Royal Commission and Murdoch's print monopoly (since 1987) is only part of the problem. But I have signed it and encourage others to do so"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. 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The Australian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Rudd%27s+second+heart+valve+replacement+riskier&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft.aulast=Dunlevy&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Frudds-second-heart-valve-replacement-riskier%2Fstory-e6frg6nf-1226098607967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> Contains the text of the ""29th Singapore Lecture"" delivered by Kevin Rudd, then Prime Minister of Australia, on 12 August 2008. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrabb,_Annabel2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annabel_Crabb" title="Annabel Crabb">Crabb, Annabel</a> (2010). Rise of the Ruddbot:Observations from the Gallery. Melbourne: Black Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-483-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-483-9"><bdi>978-1-86395-483-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+of+the+Ruddbot%3AObservations+from+the+Gallery&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Black+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-483-9&rft.au=Crabb%2C+Annabel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartcher,_Peter2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hartcher" title="Peter Hartcher">Hartcher, Peter</a> (2009). To the Bitter End : The Dramatic Story of the Fall of John Howard and the Rise of Kevin Rudd. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-623-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-623-4"><bdi>978-1-74175-623-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+the+Bitter+End+%3A+The+Dramatic+Story+of+the+Fall+of+John+Howard+and+the+Rise+of+Kevin+Rudd&rft.place=Crows+Nest%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-74175-623-4&rft.au=Hartcher%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Paul Kelly (journalist)">Paul Kelly</a>, Triumph and Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation, Melbourne University Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780522862102" title="Special:BookSources/9780522862102">9780522862102</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914112013/https://www.mup.com.au/items/149038">Triumph and Demise</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacklin,_Robert2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macklin" title="Robert Macklin">Macklin, Robert</a> (2007). Kevin Rudd : The Biography. Camberwell, Vic.: Penguin Books Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-07135-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-07135-7"><bdi>978-0-670-07135-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kevin+Rudd+%3A+The+Biography&rft.place=Camberwell%2C+Vic.&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Australia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-670-07135-7&rft.au=Macklin%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarr,_David2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Marr_(journalist)" title="David Marr (journalist)">Marr, David</a> (2010). Power Trip : The Political Journey of Kevin Rudd. Quarterly Essay. Melbourne: Black Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-477-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-477-8"><bdi>978-1-86395-477-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+Trip+%3A+The+Political+Journey+of+Kevin+Rudd&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.series=Quarterly+Essay&rft.pub=Black+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-477-8&rft.au=Marr%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart,_Nicholas2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Stuart" title="Nicholas Stuart">Stuart, Nicholas</a> (2007). Kevin Rudd : An Unauthorised Political Biography. Melbourne: Scribe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921215-58-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-921215-58-2"><bdi>978-1-921215-58-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kevin+Rudd+%3A+An+Unauthorised+Political+Biography&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Scribe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-921215-58-2&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller,_Patrick2014" class="citation book cs1">Weller, Patrick (2014). Kevin Rudd: Twice Prime Minister. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-85748-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-85748-1"><bdi>978-0-522-85748-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kevin+Rudd%3A+Twice+Prime+Minister&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Vic.&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-522-85748-1&rft.au=Weller%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Rudd" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Kevin Rudd at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kevin_Rudd" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Kevin Rudd">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" class="extiw" title="c:Kevin Rudd">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Kevin_Rudd" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Kevin Rudd">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kevin_Rudd" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Kevin Rudd">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kevin_Rudd" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Kevin Rudd">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kevinrudd.com/">Official website</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Search or browse <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openaustralia.org/mp/Kevin_Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> at OpenAustralia.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> at <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43135#P2611" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1026530">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_McDougall" title="Graeme McDougall">Graeme McDougall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Griffith" title="Division of Griffith">Member of Parliament for Griffith</a> 1998–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Terri_Butler" title="Terri Butler">Terri Butler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a> 2006–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Nelson" title="Brendan Nelson">Brendan Nelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> 2007–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Smith (Australian politician)">Stephen Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> 2010–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Bob Carr</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party#ALP_federal_parliamentary_leaders" title="Australian Labor Party">Leader of the Australian Labor Party</a> 2006–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party#ALP_federal_parliamentary_leaders" title="Australian Labor Party">Leader of the Australian Labor Party</a> 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sinodinos" title="Arthur Sinodinos">Arthur Sinodinos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" 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hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Template:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Australia_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime ministers of Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lyons" title="Joseph Lyons">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Page" title="Earle Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fadden" title="Arthur Fadden">Fadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Forde" title="Frank Forde">Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Chifley" title="Ben Chifley">Chifley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Holt" title="Harold Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEwen" title="John McEwen">McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gorton" title="John Gorton">Gorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McMahon" title="William McMahon">McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Gillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of Australia (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(Howard_4←)_First_Rudd_ministry_(→_Gillard_1)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Template:First Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Template talk:First Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(Howard_4←)_First_Rudd_ministry_(→_Gillard_1)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Howard_ministry" title="Fourth Howard ministry">Howard 4←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_ministry" title="First Rudd ministry">First Rudd ministry</a>   (<a href="/wiki/First_Gillard_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="First Gillard Ministry">→ Gillard 1</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Prime Minister: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bowen" title="Chris Bowen">Chris Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Carr" title="Kim Carr">Kim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Conroy" title="Stephen Conroy">Stephen Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(Australian_politician)" title="Chris Evans (Australian politician)">Chris Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Faulkner" title="John Faulkner">John Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Martin Ferguson (politician)">Martin Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fitzgibbon" title="Joel Fitzgibbon">Joel Fitzgibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Garrett" title="Peter Garrett">Peter Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Ludwig" title="Joe Ludwig">Joe Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Macklin" title="Jenny Macklin">Jenny Macklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClelland_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert McClelland (Australian politician)">Robert McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Roxon" title="Nicola Roxon">Nicola Roxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Smith (Australian politician)">Stephen Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Tanner" title="Lindsay Tanner">Lindsay Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Honourable Kevin Rudd MP, 26th Prime Minister of Australia 2007-2010"><img alt="Rudd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Kevin_Rudd_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>The Honourable Kevin Rudd MP, 26th Prime Minister of Australia 2007-2010</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(Gillard_2←)_Second_Rudd_ministry_(→_Abbott)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Template:Second Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Rudd_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Rudd Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(Gillard_2←)_Second_Rudd_ministry_(→_Abbott)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/Second_Gillard_ministry" title="Second Gillard ministry">Gillard 2←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/Second_Rudd_ministry" title="Second Rudd ministry">Second Rudd ministry</a>   (<a href="/wiki/Abbott_ministry" title="Abbott ministry">→ Abbott</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Prime Minister: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bowen" title="Chris Bowen">Chris Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Butler" title="Mark Butler">Mark Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Bob Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Carr" title="Kim Carr">Kim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Collins" title="Jacinta Collins">Jacinta Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Collins" title="Julie Collins">Julie Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dreyfus" title="Mark Dreyfus">Mark Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fitzgibbon" title="Joel Fitzgibbon">Joel Fitzgibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gray_(politician)" title="Gary Gray (politician)">Gary Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_King_(politician)" title="Catherine King (politician)">Catherine King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Macklin" title="Jenny Macklin">Jenny Macklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marles" title="Richard Marles">Richard Marles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Brendan O'Connor (politician)">Brendan O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Plibersek" title="Tanya Plibersek">Tanya Plibersek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Smith (Australian politician)">Stephen Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Honourable Kevin Rudd MP, 26th Prime Minister of Australia, 2007–2010, 2013"><img alt="Rudd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg/75px-Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg/113px-Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg/150px-Kevin_Rudd_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>The Honourable Kevin Rudd MP, 26th Prime Minister of Australia, 2007–2010, 2013</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(Gillard_1←)_Second_Gillard_ministry_(→_Rudd_2)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gillard_Ministry" title="Template:Gillard Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gillard_Ministry" title="Template talk:Gillard Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gillard_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gillard Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(Gillard_1←)_Second_Gillard_ministry_(→_Rudd_2)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/First_Gillard_ministry" title="First Gillard ministry">Gillard 1←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/Second_Gillard_ministry" title="Second Gillard ministry">Second Gillard ministry</a>   (<a href="/wiki/Second_Rudd_ministry" title="Second Rudd ministry">→ Rudd 2</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bowen" title="Chris Bowen">Chris Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Butler" title="Mark Butler">Mark Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Bob Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Carr" title="Kim Carr">Kim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Clare" title="Jason Clare">Jason Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Combet" title="Greg Combet">Greg Combet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Conroy" title="Stephen Conroy">Stephen Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dreyfus" title="Mark Dreyfus">Mark Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Emerson" title="Craig Emerson">Craig Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(Australian_politician)" title="Chris Evans (Australian politician)">Chris Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Faulkner" title="John Faulkner">John Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Martin Ferguson (politician)">Martin Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Garrett" title="Peter Garrett">Peter Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gray_(politician)" title="Gary Gray (politician)">Gary Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Ludwig" title="Joe Ludwig">Joe Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Macklin" title="Jenny Macklin">Jenny Macklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClelland_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert McClelland (Australian politician)">Robert McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Brendan O'Connor (politician)">Brendan O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Plibersek" title="Tanya Plibersek">Tanya Plibersek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Roxon" title="Nicola Roxon">Nicola Roxon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Smith (Australian politician)">Stephen Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Tanner" title="Lindsay Tanner">Lindsay Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Honourable Julia Gillard MP, 27th Prime Minister of Australia 2010-2013"><img alt="Gillard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg/75px-Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg/113px-Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg/150px-Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The Honourable Julia Gillard MP, 27th Prime Minister of Australia 2010-2013</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Template:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Leaders of the Australian Labor Party">Leaders of the Australian Labor Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Charlton" title="Matthew Charlton">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Chifley" title="Ben Chifley">Chifley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._Evatt" title="H. V. Evatt">Evatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Calwell" title="Arthur Calwell">Calwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Latham" title="Mark Latham">Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Beazley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Gillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Shorten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Labor_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_Labor_Party" title="Template:Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_Labor_Party" title="Template talk:Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_Labor_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian Labor Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Labor_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Leaders of the Australian Labor Party">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Charlton" title="Matthew Charlton">Matthew Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">James Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">John Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Chifley" title="Ben Chifley">Ben Chifley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._Evatt" title="H. V. Evatt">H. V. Evatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Calwell" title="Arthur Calwell">Arthur Calwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Latham" title="Mark Latham">Mark Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Deputy leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_McGregor" title="Gregor McGregor">Gregor McGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pearce" title="George Pearce">George Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gardiner" title="Albert Gardiner">Albert Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">James Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blakeley" title="Arthur Blakeley">Arthur Blakeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Theodore" title="Ted Theodore">Ted Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Forde" title="Frank Forde">Frank Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._Evatt" title="H. V. Evatt">H. V. Evatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Calwell" title="Arthur Calwell">Arthur Calwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Barnard" title="Lance Barnard">Lance Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cairns" title="Jim Cairns">Jim Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Crean" title="Frank Crean">Frank Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Uren" title="Tom Uren">Tom Uren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Bowen" title="Lionel Bowen">Lionel Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Howe_(politician)" title="Brian Howe (politician)">Brian Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Evans_(politician)" title="Gareth Evans (politician)">Gareth Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crean" title="Simon Crean">Simon Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Macklin" title="Jenny Macklin">Jenny Macklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Swan" title="Wayne Swan">Wayne Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Plibersek" title="Tanya Plibersek">Tanya Plibersek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marles" title="Richard Marles">Richard Marles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watson_government" title="Watson government">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_government_(1908%E2%80%931909)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher government (1908–1909)">Fisher I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_government_(1910%E2%80%931913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher government (1910–1913)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_government_(1914%E2%80%931915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher government (1914–1915)">III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_government_(1915%E2%80%931916)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hughes government (1915–1916) (page does not exist)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullin_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Scullin government">Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtin_government" title="Curtin government">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forde_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forde government (page does not exist)">Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifley_government" title="Chifley government">Chifley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitlam_government" title="Whitlam government">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawke_government" title="Hawke government">Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keating_government" title="Keating government">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%932010)" title="Rudd government (2007–2010)">Rudd I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillard_government" title="Gillard government">Gillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2013)" title="Rudd government (2013)">Rudd II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanese_government" title="Albanese government">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Ministries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watson_ministry" title="Watson ministry">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fisher_ministry" title="First Fisher ministry">Fisher 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fisher_ministry" title="Second Fisher ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Fisher_ministry" title="Third Fisher ministry">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Hughes_ministry" title="First Hughes ministry">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullin_ministry" title="Scullin ministry">Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Curtin_ministry" title="First Curtin ministry">Curtin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Curtin_ministry" title="Second Curtin ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forde_ministry" title="Forde ministry">Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chifley_ministry" title="First Chifley ministry">Chifley 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chifley_ministry" title="Second Chifley ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Whitlam_ministry" title="First Whitlam ministry">Whitlam 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Whitlam_ministry" title="Second Whitlam ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Whitlam_ministry" title="Third Whitlam ministry">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Hawke_ministry" title="First Hawke ministry">Hawke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hawke_ministry" title="Second Hawke ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Hawke_ministry" title="Third Hawke ministry">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Hawke_ministry" title="Fourth Hawke ministry">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Keating_ministry" title="First Keating ministry">Keating 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Keating_ministry" title="Second Keating ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rudd_ministry" title="First Rudd ministry">Rudd 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Gillard_ministry" title="First Gillard ministry">Gillard 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Gillard_ministry" title="Second Gillard ministry">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rudd_ministry" title="Second Rudd ministry">Rudd 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanese_ministry" title="Albanese ministry">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Gough_Whitlam_(1967%E2%80%9372)" title="Shadow Ministry of Gough Whitlam (1967–72)">Whitlam (1967–72)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Gough_Whitlam_(1975%E2%80%9377)" title="Shadow Ministry of Gough Whitlam (1975–77)">Whitlam (1975–77)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Bill_Hayden" title="Shadow Ministry of Bill Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Bob_Hawke" title="Shadow Ministry of Bob Hawke">Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Kim_Beazley_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Shadow Ministry of Kim Beazley (1996–2001)">Beazley (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Simon_Crean" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Ministry of Simon Crean">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Mark_Latham" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Ministry of Mark Latham">Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Kim_Beazley_(2005%E2%80%9306)" title="Shadow Ministry of Kim Beazley (2005–06)">Beazley (2005–06)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Kevin_Rudd" title="Shadow Ministry of Kevin Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Bill_Shorten" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Ministry of Bill Shorten">Shorten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Ministry_of_Anthony_Albanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Ministry of Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_branches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State branches (page does not exist)">State branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_Labor_Party" title="ACT Labor Party">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Labor_Party" title="New South Wales Labor Party">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_Labor_Party" title="Territory Labor Party">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Labor_Party" title="Queensland Labor Party">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Labor_Party" title="South Australian Labor Party">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Labor_Party" title="Tasmanian Labor Party">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Labor_Party" title="Victorian Labor Party">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Western Australian Labor Party">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Party institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_National_Conference" title="Australian Labor Party National Conference">National Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_National_Executive" title="Australian Labor Party National Executive">National Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Young_Labor" title="Australian Young Labor">Australian Young Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Fabian_Society" title="Australian Fabian Society">Australian Fabian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifley_Research_Centre" title="Chifley Research Centre">Chifley Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_Caucus" title="Australian Labor Party Caucus">Federal Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin_House" title="John Curtin House">John Curtin House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Right" title="Labor Right">Labor Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Left" title="Labor Left">Labor Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labor_(Australia)" title="Independent Labor (Australia)">Independent Labor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Left" title="Ferguson Left">Ferguson Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Labor" title="Lang Labor">Lang Labor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party" title="History of the Australian Labor Party">History of the Australian Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_split_of_1916" title="Australian Labor Party split of 1916">1916 split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_split_of_1931" title="Australian Labor Party split of 1931">1931 split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_split_of_1955" title="Australian Labor Party split of 1955">1955 split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faceless_men" title="Faceless men">Faceless men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Labor_Party_(NSW)" title="Federal Labor Party (NSW)">Federal Labor (NSW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(Australian_Labor_Party)" title="Gang of Four (Australian Labor Party)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Groups" title="Industrial Groups">Industrial Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Labor_Party" title="Norfolk Island Labor Party">Norfolk Island Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_light_on_the_hill" title="The light on the hill">The light on the hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Knowledge_(Australia)" title="Tree of Knowledge (Australia)">Tree of Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F00011;color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Leadership votes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 Australian Labor Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1907 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1913 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1915_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1915 Australian Labor Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1916_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916 Australian Labor Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Australian Labor Party leadership spill (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1922 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1928 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1931 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1945 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1954 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1956 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1959 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1966 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1967 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1968 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1976 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1977_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="May 1977 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1977 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1977_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="December 1977 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1977 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1982 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="1983 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1991_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1991 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1991_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="December 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">1991 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="1996 Australian Labor Party leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 Australian Labor Party leadership election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spills" title="2003 Australian Labor Party leadership spills">2003 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spills" title="2003 Australian Labor Party leadership spills">2003 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2005 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2006 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2010 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="2012 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="March 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2013 (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">2013 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2013_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="October 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership election">2013 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Australian Labor Party leadership election">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084159203">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/120090277">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1682751/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmxTGTt9DQ894jH4bymVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134187873">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007057612">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01156863">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41727455">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse20231180853&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/643513">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd134187873.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handbook.aph.gov.au/Parliamentarian/83T">Australian Parliament</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/134187873">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/165769866">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wq09wh">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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