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{"work":{"id":45268391,"created_at":"2021-02-28T22:25:41.827-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-12-03T06:47:11.584-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"This chapter discusses various page replacement algorithms and their implications for operating system performance. It covers First-In-First-Out (FIFO), Least Recently Used (LRU), and optimal page replacement strategies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and contexts for use. Concepts such as thrashing, memory allocation, and the impact of working set models on overall system efficiency are explored, emphasizing the importance of managing memory resources effectively in multiprogramming environments."},"document_type":"teaching_document","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Operating system Ch09","broadcastable":false,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2363014]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":65829980,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Operating system Ch09”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/65829980/mini_magick20210228-6753-1n2xwf4.png?1614583769" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Operating system Ch09</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2363014" href="https://uni-mysore.academia.edu/ALIMOULAEINEJAD"><img alt="Profile image of ALI MOULAEI NEJAD" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2363014/744683/18272526/s65_ali.moulaei_nejad.jpg" />ALI MOULAEI NEJAD</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">78 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 45268391; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=45268391"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This chapter discusses various page replacement algorithms and their implications for operating system performance. It covers First-In-First-Out (FIFO), Least Recently Used (LRU), and optimal page replacement strategies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and contexts for use. Concepts such as thrashing, memory allocation, and the impact of working set models on overall system efficiency are explored, emphasizing the importance of managing memory resources effectively in multiprogramming environments.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":65829980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45268391/Operating_system_Ch09"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":65829980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45268391/Operating_system_Ch09"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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This concept is introduced in order to take into account both internal and external factors which influence the mean time between page faults of a program executing on a page-on-demand multiprogramming system. The analysis is based on a probabilistic model of a program paging activity during its execution. The intrinsic behaviour of the program in its adress space as well as the memory allotment and the swapping policy are considered in the model, and the interactions of these different factors are analysed. The results point out that the influence of the external factors on the life time function of a program is significant, and provide some insight on the nonconvex shape of observed life time functions. Numerical illustrations are presented, and it is shown that the analysis can be used to quantify the performance of preloading policies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A note on the influence of program loading on the page fault rate","attachmentId":88974401,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83721596/A_note_on_the_influence_of_program_loading_on_the_page_fault_rate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83721596/A_note_on_the_influence_of_program_loading_on_the_page_fault_rate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="82676408" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82676408/Histogram_based_Analysis_of_Page_Replacement_Techniques">Histogram based Analysis of Page Replacement Techniques</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3175974" href="https://keit.academia.edu/RuchinGupta">Ruchin Gupta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Modern operating systems use virtual memory concept because of its advantages but they use different page replacement techniques .An efficient page replacement technique is required so as to produce minimum number of page faults. Some of the page replacement techniques are FIFO, LRU, OPTIMAL etc.Optimal has been proven to be best producing minimum number of page faults .LRU approximates optimal. Considerable research has been done to evaluate theses policies and to develop new ones based on recency, frequency, token, and locality model parameters etc.This paper uses a histogram based approach to compare FIFO, LRU, LRU2, OPTIMAL policies. Simulation results show that histograms for all policies equalize as the number of frames increases. Also histogram for optimal policy equalizes more rapidly then other policy's histograms. Also pages of large frequency of occurrences contribute much to the total number of page faults in both LRU and optimal page replacement algorithms.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Histogram based Analysis of Page Replacement Techniques","attachmentId":88305043,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82676408/Histogram_based_Analysis_of_Page_Replacement_Techniques","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82676408/Histogram_based_Analysis_of_Page_Replacement_Techniques"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="58659062" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58659062/A_Comparison_of_Three_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_FIFO_LRU_and_Optimal">A Comparison of Three Page Replacement Algorithms: FIFO, LRU and Optimal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="934977" href="https://upt-al.academia.edu/IgliTafaj">Igli Tafaj</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The speed at which the process will be executed doesn't depend only on the implementation of the architecture of the computer, the frequency of the clock, but also regard to the politics the algorithm follows and the data structure the algorithm is implemented. The usage of efficient page replacement algorithms, that choose which page in memory will be swapped if a page fault, are required to implement in a virtual memory system. A lot of algorithms are developed during the years for page replacement. Each algorithm has the aim to have less number of page faults. With less page faults we have an improvement in performance and the speed of the process is increased. In this paper three algorithms (FIFO, LRU and Optimal page replacement algorithms) will be tested and will be shown the one that has the best performance.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Comparison of Three Page Replacement Algorithms: FIFO, LRU and Optimal","attachmentId":72962101,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58659062/A_Comparison_of_Three_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_FIFO_LRU_and_Optimal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58659062/A_Comparison_of_Three_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_FIFO_LRU_and_Optimal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="79534183" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79534183/Analysis_of_Various_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_in_Operating_System">Analysis of Various Page Replacement Algorithms in Operating System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="130536968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KolheVaishali">Vaishali Kolhe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Page replacement algorithms were a sincere topic of research and debate in the 1960s and 1970s. In a computer operating system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithms resolve which memory pages to page out (swap out, write to disk) when a page of memory needs to be allocated. Paging occurs when a page fault occurs and a free page cannot be used to gratify the allocation, either because there are none, or because the number of free pages i lower than some threshold. The page replacing problem is a typical online problem from the competitive analysis view in the intelligence that the optimal deterministic algorithm is known [11]. This paper is analysis on various page replacement algorithms like Optimal replacement, Random replacement,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of Various Page Replacement Algorithms in Operating System","attachmentId":86216713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79534183/Analysis_of_Various_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_in_Operating_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79534183/Analysis_of_Various_Page_Replacement_Algorithms_in_Operating_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="14289365" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14289365/AN_INPUT_ENHANCEMENT_TECHNIQUE_TO_MAXIMIZE_THE_PERFORMANCE_OF_PAGE_REPLACEMENT_ALGORITHMS">AN INPUT ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE TO MAXIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15830829" href="https://vtu.academia.edu/MaheshKumar">Mahesh Kumar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One of the main goals of the memory management is to allow multiprogramming. Several strategies are used to allocate a memory to the process needed. These strategies require the entire process should be in the memory before execution and some of these strategies suffer from fragmentation. Virtual memory does not require entire process to be in memory before execution. It loads only those pages of the process in to the memory that are needed for execution. This can be achieved using paging scheme having number of frames in the memory to accommodate for each pages. Whenever one of the page in the memory need to be replaced, one of the page replacement algorithms are used. The performance of these page replacement algorithms depends on the total number of page faults achieved. In this paper, a new algorithm called Comparison Counting FIFO (CC-FIFO) and Distribution Counting FIFO (DC-FIFO) has been proposed using input enhancement technique. Our results and calculations show that the proposed algorithm minimizes the page fault rate compared to FIFO, LRU and Optimal page replacement algorithms.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"AN INPUT ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE TO MAXIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS","attachmentId":38259846,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14289365/AN_INPUT_ENHANCEMENT_TECHNIQUE_TO_MAXIMIZE_THE_PERFORMANCE_OF_PAGE_REPLACEMENT_ALGORITHMS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14289365/AN_INPUT_ENHANCEMENT_TECHNIQUE_TO_MAXIMIZE_THE_PERFORMANCE_OF_PAGE_REPLACEMENT_ALGORITHMS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="82676463" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82676463/Visualizing_Page_Replacement_Techniques_based_on_Page_Frequency_and_Memory_Access_Pattern">Visualizing Page Replacement Techniques based on Page Frequency and Memory Access Pattern</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3175974" href="https://keit.academia.edu/RuchinGupta">Ruchin Gupta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">— Virtual memory technique is used by many operating systems. This technique requires an efficient page replacement technique because it severely affects the performance of a computer system. Some of the page replacement techniques are first in first out, least recently used, optimal etc. Optimal has already been proven to be the best. Considerable research has been done to evaluate theses policies and to develop new ones based on recency, frequency, token, and locality model parameters etc. This paper uses a histogram (based on page frequency) and memory access pattern based approach to visualize and to compare least recently used and optimal policies to determine their behaviors. The simulation uses reduced SPEC2000 benchmark traces. Results show that histogram of least recently used and optimal policy equalizes as number of frames increases. Optimal policy histogram equalizes more rapidly than the histogram of least recently used one. Also pages of large frequency of occurrence c...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Visualizing Page Replacement Techniques based on Page Frequency and Memory Access Pattern","attachmentId":88305085,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82676463/Visualizing_Page_Replacement_Techniques_based_on_Page_Frequency_and_Memory_Access_Pattern","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82676463/Visualizing_Page_Replacement_Techniques_based_on_Page_Frequency_and_Memory_Access_Pattern"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="729997" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/729997/A_Comparison_of_Page_Replacement_Algorithms">A Comparison of Page Replacement Algorithms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="540157" href="https://vtu.academia.edu/karthiknayak">karthik nayak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ijetch.org</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A virtual memory system needs efficient page replacement algorithms to decide which pages to evict from memory in case of a page fault. Over the years many algorithms have been proposed for page replacement. Each algorithm attempts to minimize the page fault rate while incurring minimum overhead. As newer memory access patterns were explored, research mainly focused on formulating newer approaches to page replacement which could adapt to changing workloads. This paper attempts to summarize major page replacement algorithms proposed till date. We look at the traditional algorithms such as LRU and CLOCK, and also study the recent approaches such as LIRS, CLOCK-Pro, ARC, and CAR.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Comparison of Page Replacement Algorithms","attachmentId":4159615,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/729997/A_Comparison_of_Page_Replacement_Algorithms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/729997/A_Comparison_of_Page_Replacement_Algorithms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="106145084" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106145084/A_decomposable_model_of_program_paging_behaviour">A decomposable model of program paging behaviour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="187864785" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HendrikVantilborgh">Hendrik Vantilborgh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Informatica, 1976</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Existing models of program behaviour are shown to give an incomplete account of program locality. A model based on the distinction bet~veen short-and long-run equilibrium states in nearly completely decomposable systems is proposed to overcome this deficiency. This distinction leads to the combined use of a .,'ffarkovian model of the transitions between localities and of separate models for the locality short-term behaviours. This combination is shown to give better estimations of the page fault rate and of the working set size distribution. The conditions under which this distribution is approximately normal and under which the assumptions of independent page references are valid are also clarified. The approach is .illustrated by a numerical example, showing in particular that other models presented in the literature may have computer time and space requirements which are beyond practical possi-' bilitles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A decomposable model of program paging behaviour","attachmentId":105418938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106145084/A_decomposable_model_of_program_paging_behaviour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106145084/A_decomposable_model_of_program_paging_behaviour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="14342992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14342992/Principles_of_Optimal_Page_Replacement">Principles of Optimal Page Replacement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33290902" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/AlfredAho">Alfred Aho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the ACM, 1971</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTP~CT. A formal model is presented for paging algorithms under /-order nonstationary assumptions about program behavior. When processing a program under paging in a given memory, a given paging policy generates a certain (expected) number of page calls, i.e., its "cost." Under usual assumptions about memory system organization, minimum cost is always achieved by a demand paging algorithm. The minimum cost for /-order program behavior assumptions is expressed as a dynamic programming problem whose solution yields an optimal replacement algorithm. Solutions are exhibited in several 0-order cases of interest. Paging algorithms that implement and approximate the minimum cost are discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Principles of Optimal Page Replacement","attachmentId":44302894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14342992/Principles_of_Optimal_Page_Replacement","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14342992/Principles_of_Optimal_Page_Replacement"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65829980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65829980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_65829980" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="114351988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114351988/An_accurate_functional_level_concurrent_fault_simulator">An accurate functional level concurrent fault simulator</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40224561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdAbreu">Manuel d'Abreu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the seventeenth design automation conference on Design automation - DAC '80, 1980</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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data-entity-id="10506517" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10506517/A_Comprehensive_Survey_of_Page_Replacement_Algorithms">A Comprehensive Survey of Page Replacement Algorithms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25762122" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadKhan923">Mohammad Khan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4867506" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadShoaib2">Mohd Shoaib</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Page Replacement 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