CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135edd0dd978962',cH: 'UoTbkI8NG_sITS86GfWWrYORbrwH1D.XhzlzAxAszuQ-1739796897-1.2.1.1-IWEW84HW9rFzBjYMS7QTDo2h8vBwUeoJMoTqW.ERKuo8pbpZikU8WrnBGEPb2Bgx',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=browning&__cf_chl_tk=9sursDiBswfgTO645LTie6Dnv0DpbqNtvbM86ahb2f8-1739796897-1.0.1.1-h1aXtmkk7jZag6buTv7F.PjQapJYXgNmTTwIZ6pzvGg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796897',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=browning&__cf_chl_f_tk=9sursDiBswfgTO645LTie6Dnv0DpbqNtvbM86ahb2f8-1739796897-1.0.1.1-h1aXtmkk7jZag6buTv7F.PjQapJYXgNmTTwIZ6pzvGg",md: "LzJGAGLuq3TrEOOwatkJw4WQtzbjm9ySx0fqDZchkLQ-1739796897-1.2.1.1-645YAOQADeGEJavB_DRG5_rHWRAZFBPXYkdPKLVwdLCizVkTBig1VCsRmnn2YOxDxq.1PC4lchTrEHP_OotlwqwMZxB9STaoeieV2ASOJvT3xdmnlxfCACdeVsMXHSFzDROSGDrlJ7ueZDgCMGafFnOTBqfnMOZ9WaZKWQkcOdU6AHWjF7shX2zpZZgAUfUUORhcLkwHPhcB_a1_7ZUcdUgxGOceF_ZOdFRQtpTNbYrUFuynLMuPIWkYpiqQQEBTn0mwPaeVS1qQU4Ij9tBuy4gSWcmkGhtnxGY0cy7HEnGBMFyzajumaJ3miSp7K3AE.XjDR.gdBI4bwJiH6nh.8vgyJU0TDi1BNpoErjM63UsHb1vpT1l.qo5n_3NfDlKF87q5AfiBt9brFSj1bij_62FrnM6Z_BKU.3.lWJySRLZPMnxyYnDCvK1Oe9h0nVczLgPNs2r7KE_KMKPDDDa9dPxvRo9Wu0XBTLVaH4t61ZR3ow3153auY8asTFXDS9njc3TBWuc_AQhSzRJ2gosChVLwEHwxWG1sETPCzQt7xprPVEqPq1B0rs1Q7WYYPvBEEOdx91XdJ_ecEwMv1Jz7HQpWrhCzQYRjvzQrJRZMuZb9P1XiG1DmxF3RJiNXo4NcWYHzJti.Z6pNFbVz0tYNOoQ9cQJ5VnmQvrKoJXE2_7OicsRx2PPwGIo9w7IQVSSAKUU8jahqTiOVvzGjDiKwAKmiDrJsiwqUPaWT9GbEptcnkTw9lDWsE1Gyq8_15njro_a.zEfpwc8eKwhzJXfKIgczhyE9twZirSOq9ZKkuidL6f38eGio8wkFwesUU2xk7JrvMLPmjy.fCfiyFASW2r4Ps5grtYkmtcB4Wf7hLZFJtI9Th__iEOd7q37E0wPqluqAoNU9sVejpB0r5I6vrFkqnuaz8C2pW2ZKlwRqJ2p73kMd.kXVgThGkuTR8XbK72QQT18FWSA3SIxIX83mrH.bSEs9qhmc_L8G5fX35ui.ew4iHW70SFYRZcIB8iWQ39J5c1B2wFYEjWDDLUBdkw2XFlJYEqIbYkivTJL1WWf2E_aSor3BhRlQ4U9SkrS1ctLTa_bKZKC7LLIdNuWyQf7OPeIpjSYzQPBrsrXt6dWaq7dZ1f87RyYH.Vz04qMBCewCU.35ly_eFGJ6flEA0MFPH_IKxROOk_Ynw_4nBEhms0QYq0y_jdFSMwCoLZ3T4kPAWxQkEiZ0y7KqzlsQoU9qsTddQYy7QOfdgeTEn7UNYSeAXbtPrx94DvFVweKbivvwB0BuAdJ9E6rwd.AzsNeCA2eAtjpeJFi_x8oxdiv7.dHElicwiquG.1bIhDsGG3woPARhjsMEWnIfmUOoVkrx2GD2QqqW1E330gbsp8O7cafmrMj7.g4M0f4mpjAK_oFFs3jENF51716ENKDkjX_7F2etGvIaabhnI0f9jGEr9.4mT5LmEvdKV2PrTgwYDdDlrn0H3mpw0lYRIXRmNX0sfOSYpGtdDN4ekm2J0sEHoHqcSnsajiVKeC0RerjRgU2Mp2R7Mzv9bjLSpAmRS9ejUmDIu178Ea6yEi0zQgYGy2xDzNq7tLpxSmohzwDbpDc6J4_WlLLAURYvrol6DfZk6qNu5zBN3OnP9uIIMetDbVnfznneAoiDSycfbU_XfVmYpxpZ2lTvhL6ujWIl9DMWviHpYSPW0dHciMkPNjgQGKFeXwVsLSpVyNfZ.KbZJ0g2RnWTgOr5FWKPnFKnvlSMeTfgXETiYXW7px6an2rkxfQ0QoPelKjeIqv5DTi5QvmDycLFfhr10rLYaWSOicsB3Z_T1JWaTYoCqCwDSNQIzGjQqnTjfaLoi5ttbfW5ZyumciZGPQ81CDpC5wGGBGAD4lT2RpwF2KDElnx6wxMGY6xg1T6jtiw3v4pSK47nUk0ffqVY2pT90TTXgwVscw",mdrd: ".LS5kYPsIcRiK5z8rm7j4E4sCjuZMrTvZ4pxhUmwT5o-1739796897-1.2.1.1-8oPszHK1GLB_hdXaTn.1tW_Exr3ArB5QnhFp4vnr8H8mZsdOHXqRcHDWjRmyhh7iaap6x7xkVPubtRDpjf4LmS4sBsJIUFKaDVBepP_VOztt5fS0lysyagT9jZjBLEbU9rL.Ck18s5641UXGth0Fm4geS3RPywlRvHB7ld.q2EHxjre08jdvgJVkxPlW6vpFn5fMLUP9DyghsHRrnS1BEKe3ZWBrG_zTu7P1wIJKXgAk6hOjuxxTJfqedZZXimRngujaizpVZnS5DGY5wGL1J1alz385oktZ1B9H03qxD7HpEzoQeCi4UDic.ochabl6mKGzl_S891_b1EPrw49AjfHlIfmg3dm9h445ODGfpOv5BRPDrw8P.0AIbQYrKdcpjd_40u.fzkJCnVxdqAmaSwzJ562p_d7JLzmEYIk3eYY3_VVkEZD3Hrtp4sGA7RooNXq_DgABiq61X9HzknPEE3qs4nR1OjifPP_B7No_vfSv5nVO3xvB3tzLvhvbzk45JyM0PHxpwT8M5msqBQH9NShLnQQqYI.gFLPBlgd6C3KBIJRHbwRWmmdt5X7opj.vkAIeZ18iVlpJC7avGdbVjUutwnUgwda3bH_XMkKmK9UsfwsY9PXwJ8zkh3iF9Frg_.62_3DvPbYtQTEYTw31pMe2DZeinF0oWRsG3iItnrruBHd07TWBf6PVgXwaRJfK8x2SUKKCA0yi.OCIWXlNbcDoFtLNPo2X_vcyxBRugp1GvJUI_.3fVIatMupwZTLhG_v5JsiZ2CFayMSY7DVcA8kVjQsul4kOz8R8lkPV2_mpdj07ni_ofxl0QHsDhIHg.mgSRnG4ZYpXIBEEMYmbrk6L1Ggd1TJiiUUopcSgCF3Jfi7j4poUCymZSToycMTgnwn5AdZYCfRzJ6sMbdccGiX_F_s9pzV7rqXpJ.xogzX1xXwQYIXUc5G0uO5IDop8sWdXJqn.YDtfBkyEQbSgUm9Z7AymkwwyF4zrDnbxAYIOtTcGZVH_hx3UMS7Z1z2iMHVXoKV9kxAQyNVhNpq8gMHU5l.2.0qszdC_2c8B.vraLxtQDT4Pohbl1huCYdi_VryIs.ZuD0kUAvwLdA_3OKYZOyUNjwbToBiR6mkpJTA9B_Sa6Gf3BCdFDn4HsiAN2yqIIJcwVajAouStc0WCUVvRx0r8aNb2hjsvnLweFKv4BLTzUd.AOgWGqcbctZ8d5iP4ACS6Ocb8OagZd2hmE64bXuQ6zPJIkrWsit.vOyn_km3VtlaSM2mZ63a4CV0DwCV1PmuvdwzrGJ7CDeqbYUM8GXcA8lb0qPhAgg2ESERmiMuA3rZ3t0idpPzlkQXjcBs3Z.0Ywa5pldgz2MPmxamfqFVZz0PTxuTeFxIIUH_cc1ArGnnG0L4SyG7l3CnwVAdk6hr1gy8I2v9uo9S3EQcZ5TJ6rdhsRsQVmOdr2hoGmITuuqidNIbUoY.Pz5KQUn8TOZu9JD3YXpXrY4zoHx_nex5yoW1O7h5zzRU.cKNcrG6WK0bdTseBMiknwfkG6FuwfiEK3YeVkaEOogl0HDKzveW4HxUZlzQ5t9Jf.T.HeBo1ammlszXPM8HRLi0BVxHt6v0d09zTCuL8uNd9DPuczOFSytx8514pdu_RmaYDu2Vhrn03PrnAVcLT7eDY0565K4gdXeZv1Rpv4F22d17l2FnmUyWoZW8ju2FDho1tpJ7i7GbDzJKs7_uSZ_1uanMaptB7RFEiAwGsUCgGiOD.YRGGgRin3VkQO4BkIbJ3Z8jTGIg2dvghktMDTtQr6NGbiR1w0MGnYak1k7OrAtD5M183.ZbpPolqJpTq12.8jcyS4NxNg8v1VCApjKz_p3koV4hdEOsth8LLscjDOuuG..6FPBfxfcZGY1RX2BgM3Yx4tJa1TVuEGmNUYWYUdQN2Ij_2nGaaeFXC3zJOoK4_PHPUsMo4jAFYraQ_ISjBSJFfbEWW6avxsJMtFLJJ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135edd0dd978962';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=browning&__cf_chl_rt_tk=9sursDiBswfgTO645LTie6Dnv0DpbqNtvbM86ahb2f8-1739796897-1.0.1.1-h1aXtmkk7jZag6buTv7F.PjQapJYXgNmTTwIZ6pzvGg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>