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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=WHATWG" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=WHATWG" title="You're encouraged to log in; 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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<li id="toc-Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Task_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Task_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Task_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="ডব্লিউএইচএটিডব্লিউজি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডব্লিউএইচএটিডব্লিউজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborgrupo_pri_TTT-a_Hiperteksta_Aplika%C4%B5a_Tekniko" title="Laborgrupo pri TTT-a Hiperteksta Aplikaĵa Tekniko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laborgrupo pri TTT-a Hiperteksta Aplikaĵa Tekniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B9%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="کارگروه تعیین فناوری کاربرد ابرمتن وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارگروه تعیین فناوری کاربرد ابرمتن وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="വെബ് ഹൈപ്പർടെക്സ്റ്റ് ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ റ്റെക്നോളജി വർക്കിങ്ങ് ഗ്രൂപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെബ് ഹൈപ്പർടെക്സ്റ്റ് ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ റ്റെക്നോളജി വർക്കിങ്ങ് ഗ്രൂപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="WHATWG" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="網頁超文本應用技術工作小組 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網頁超文本應用技術工作小組" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q615940#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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potentially preventing the article from being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit">improve it</a> by replacing them with more appropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using independent sources">reliable, independent, third-party sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WHATWG_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The WHATWG logo, a green circle with green question mark centered inside it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WHATWG_logo.svg/100px-WHATWG_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WHATWG_logo.svg/150px-WHATWG_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WHATWG_logo.svg/200px-WHATWG_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">WHATWG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">4 June 2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-06-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Developing <a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">web standards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Google LLC">Google LLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Corporation">Microsoft Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation" title="Mozilla Corporation">Mozilla Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-sg-agreement_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sg-agreement-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Steering Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/">whatwg<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">Dynamic HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_element" title="Article element">article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">Mobile Profile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_element" title="Meta element">meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div_and_span" title="Div and span">div and span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_element" title="Blink element">blink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquee_element" title="Marquee element">marquee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">HTML attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_attribute" title="Alt attribute">alt attribute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)" title="Frame (World Wide Web)">HTML frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">named characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_code" title="Language code">Language code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Object_Model" title="Browser Object Model">Browser Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">Style sheets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTMX" class="mw-redirect" title="HTMX">HTMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</b> (<b>WHATWG</b>) is a community of people interested in evolving <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and related technologies. The WHATWG was founded by individuals from <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Software">Opera Software</a>, leading <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a> vendors in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WHATWG is responsible for maintaining multiple web-related <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">technical standards</a>, including the specifications for the <a href="/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperText Markup Language">HyperText Markup Language</a> (HTML) and the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central organizational membership and control of WHATWG – its "Steering Group" – consists of Apple, Mozilla, Google, and Microsoft. WHATWG community members work with the editor of the specifications to ensure correct implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WHATWG was formed in response to the slow development of <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) <a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a> and W3C's decision to abandon HTML in favor of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-based technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WHATWG mailing list was announced on 4 June 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two days after the initiatives of a joint Opera–Mozilla position paper<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been voted down by the W3C members at the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 April 2007, the Mozilla Foundation, Apple, and Opera Software proposed<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the new HTML working group of the W3C adopt the WHATWG's <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> as the starting point of its work and name its future deliverable as "HTML5" (though the WHATWG specification was later renamed <i>HTML Living Standard</i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 9 May 2007, the new HTML working group of the W3C resolved to do that.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> platform architect from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> was invited but did not join, citing the lack of a patent policy to ensure all specifications can be implemented on a <a href="/wiki/Royalty-free" title="Royalty-free">royalty-free</a> basis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the W3C and the WHATWG had been developing HTML independently, at times causing specifications to diverge.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet-mou_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-mou-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the WHATWG established an <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual property rights">intellectual property rights</a> agreement that includes a patent policy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This spurred a renewed attempt to allow the W3C and the WHATWG to work together on specifications. In 2019, the W3C and WHATWG agreed to a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> where development of HTML and DOM specifications would be done principally in the WHATWG.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet-mou_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-mou-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W3C_transfer_memo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_memo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The editor has significant control over the specification, but the community can influence the decisions of the editor.<sup id="cite_ref-tutsplus_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tutsplus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one case, editor Ian Hickson proposed replacing the <code class="nowrap" style=""><time></code> tag with a more generic <code class="nowrap" style=""><data></code> tag, but the community disagreed and the change was reverted.<sup id="cite_ref-tutsplus_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tutsplus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Task_Force">Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, the name <b>Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force</b> was also used,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-task-force-charter_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-task-force-charter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with variant abbreviations including <b>WHAT Working Group</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>WHAT Task Force</b> and <b>WHATTF</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After some time using both the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">whattf.org</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">whatwg.org</code> <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain names</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-task-force-charter_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-task-force-charter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name WHATWG was eventually standardized on. The <a href="/wiki/XML_namespace#Namespace_names" title="XML namespace">namespace URI</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">http://whattf.org/datatype-draft</code> remains in use for the HTML validator's <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)#Types" title="XML Schema (W3C)">data type library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG">Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HTML5#W3C_and_WHATWG_conflict" title="HTML5">HTML5 § W3C and WHATWG conflict</a></div> <p>On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards.<sup id="cite_ref-W3C_transfer_blog_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_blog-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W3C_transfer_HTML_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_HTML-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W3C_transfer_memo_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_memo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W3C_transfer_ZDNet_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_ZDNet-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The W3C and WHATWG had been publishing competing standards since 2012. While the W3C standard was identical to the WHATWG in 2007 the standards have since progressively diverged due to different design decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-W3C_forks_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C_forks-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WHATWG "Living Standard" had been the de facto web standard for some time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WHATWG publishes a number of standards that form a substantial portion of the <a href="/wiki/Web_platform" title="Web platform">web platform</a> including: </p> <ul><li>The HTML Living Standard (sometimes informally called <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The HTML specification has been a <a href="/wiki/Living_document" title="Living document">living document</a> without version numbers since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes both HTML, the core markup language for the web, and a number of related APIs.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> Standard, defines how the Document Object Model on the web is supposed to work and replaces W3C DOM level 3. For example, it replaces mutation events with mutation <a href="/wiki/Observer_pattern" title="Observer pattern">observers</a>.</li> <li>Fetch Standard,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which "defines requests, responses, and the process that binds them: fetching." The fetch standard defines the 'fetch' <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> API, and supersedes the <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> fetch functionality, <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a> and the <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> Origin header semantics.</li> <li>The Streams Standard provides <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> for creating, composing, and consuming streams of data. These streams are designed to map efficiently to low-level I/O primitives, and allow easy composition with built-in backpressure and queueing. On top of streams, the web platform can build higher-level abstractions, such as filesystem or socket APIs, while at the same time users can use the supplied tools to build their own streams which integrate well with those of the web platform.</li> <li>The Encoding Standard defines how character encodings such as Windows-1252 and UTF-8 are handled in web browsers and is intended to replace the IETF encodings registry.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Content_sniffing" title="Content sniffing">MIME type sniffing</a> standard defines how MIME types are supposed to be sniffed in web browsers.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> standard defines how URLs are supposed to be parsed in web browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-npm_(software),_2018_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npm_(software),_2018-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_IDL" title="Web IDL">Web IDL</a> used to describe interfaces that are intended to be implemented in web browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperText Markup Language">HyperText Markup Language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sg-agreement-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sg-agreement_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/sg-agreement">"Steering Group Agreement – WHATWG"</a>. <i>whatwg.org</i>. WHATWG.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whatwg.org&rft.atitle=Steering+Group+Agreement+%E2%80%93+WHATWG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatwg.org%2Fsg-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/faq#what-is-the-whatwg">"FAQ – What is the WHATWG?"</a>. WHATWG. 12 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+%E2%80%93+What+is+the+WHATWG%3F&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatwg.org%2Ffaq%23what-is-the-whatwg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2015" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Jonathan (2015). "1 - Welcome to HTML5". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skillport.books24x7.com/toc.aspx?bookid=93031"><i>HTML5 Programmer's Reference</i></a>. Apress. pp. In section "A Brief History of HTML" -- "The Formation of the WHATWG and the Creation of HTML5". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430263678" title="Special:BookSources/9781430263678"><bdi>9781430263678</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+-+Welcome+to+HTML5&rft.btitle=HTML5+Programmer%27s+Reference&rft.pages=In+section+%22A+Brief+History+of+HTML%22+--+%22The+Formation+of+the+WHATWG+and+the+Creation+of+HTML5%22&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781430263678&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskillport.books24x7.com%2Ftoc.aspx%3Fbookid%3D93031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenXplore" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Nancy; Xplore, Tech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techxplore.com/news/2019-06-w3c-whatwg-agreement-version-html.html">"W3C and WHATWG agreement: Single version of HTML, DOM specifications"</a>. <i>techxplore.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techxplore.com&rft.atitle=W3C+and+WHATWG+agreement%3A+Single+version+of+HTML%2C+DOM+specifications&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Xplore%2C+Tech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechxplore.com%2Fnews%2F2019-06-w3c-whatwg-agreement-version-html.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/html-future-stronger-with-web-technology-alliance-whatwg-w3c/">"Alliance gives HTML a stronger future after decade-long struggle to control the web's core tech"</a>. <i>CNET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Alliance+gives+HTML+a+stronger+future+after+decade-long+struggle+to+control+the+web%27s+core+tech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fcomputing%2Fhtml-future-stronger-with-web-technology-alliance-whatwg-w3c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/faq#how-does-the-whatwg-work">"FAQ – How does the WHATWG work?"</a>. WHATWG. 22 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>. <q>If necessary, controversies are resolved by the Steering Group with members appointed from the organizations that develop browser engines, as a backstop to ensure the editor's judgment aligns with what they will implement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+%E2%80%93+How+does+the+WHATWG+work%3F&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatwg.org%2Ffaq%23how-does-the-whatwg-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="history-0" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028/introduction.html#history-0">"HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML"</a>. <i>W3C Recommendations</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>Shortly thereafter, Apple, Mozilla, and Opera jointly announced their intent to continue working on the effort under the umbrella of a new venue called the WHATWG.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C+Recommendations&rft.atitle=HTML5%3A+A+vocabulary+and+associated+APIs+for+HTML+and+XHTML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickson2004" class="citation web cs1">Hickson, Ian (4 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/news/start">"WHAT open mailing list announcement"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHAT+open+mailing+list+announcement&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.aulast=Hickson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatwg.org%2Fnews%2Fstart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joint Opera–Mozilla position paper voted down prior to the founding of the WHATWG: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/papers/opera.html">Position Paper for the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/minutes-20040602.html">"W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents (Day 2) Jun 2, 2004"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 2 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whattf.org/charter">the original</a> on 4 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHATTF.org&rft.atitle=Web+Hypertext+Application+Technology+Task+Force+Charter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhattf.org%2Fcharter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span> Compare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707022719/http://www.whatwg.org/charter">identical group charter with identical membership list on WHATWG.org, archived <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-07-07">2007-07-07</span></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010184701/http://www.whatwg.org/mailing-list">"Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group Mailing List"</a>. Archived from the original on 10 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Hypertext+Application+Technology+Working+Group+Mailing+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatwg.org%2Fmailing-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704214432/http://whattf.org/mailing-list">"Web Hypertext Application Technology Task Force Mailing List"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whattf.org/mailing-list">the original</a> on 4 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Hypertext+Application+Technology+Task+Force+Mailing+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhattf.org%2Fmailing-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/validator/validator/blob/c268d71ab68cf24ca6557b32e850089a480c59db/schema/html5/form-datatypes.rnc#L1">"form-datatypes.rnc"</a>. <i>The Nu Html Checker (v.Nu)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nu+Html+Checker+%28v.Nu%29&rft.atitle=form-datatypes.rnc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fvalidator%2Fvalidator%2Fblob%2Fc268d71ab68cf24ca6557b32e850089a480c59db%2Fschema%2Fhtml5%2Fform-datatypes.rnc%23L1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3C_transfer_blog-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W3C_transfer_blog_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffe2019" class="citation web cs1">Jaffe, Jeff (28 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/blog/2019/05/w3c-and-whatwg-to-work-together-to-advance-the-open-web-platform/">"W3C and WHATWG to Work Together to Advance the Open Web Platform"</a>. <i>W3C Blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529021122/https://www.w3.org/blog/2019/05/w3c-and-whatwg-to-work-together-to-advance-the-open-web-platform/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C+Blog&rft.atitle=W3C+and+WHATWG+to+Work+Together+to+Advance+the+Open+Web+Platform&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F05%2Fw3c-and-whatwg-to-work-together-to-advance-the-open-web-platform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3C_transfer_HTML-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W3C_transfer_HTML_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/html/">"W3C and the WHATWG Signed an Agreement to Collaborate on a Single Version of HTML and DOM"</a>. <i>W3C</i>. 28 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529012655/https://www.w3.org/html/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C&rft.atitle=W3C+and+the+WHATWG+Signed+an+Agreement+to+Collaborate+on+a+Single+Version+of+HTML+and+DOM&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3C_transfer_ZDNet-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W3C_transfer_ZDNet_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCimpanu2019" class="citation news cs1">Cimpanu, Catalin (29 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529021959/https://www.zdnet.com/article/browser-vendors-win-war-with-w3c-over-html-and-dom-standards/">"Browser vendors Win War with W3C over HTML and DOM standards"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/browser-vendors-win-war-with-w3c-over-html-and-dom-standards/">the original</a> on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Browser+vendors+Win+War+with+W3C+over+HTML+and+DOM+standards&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft.aulast=Cimpanu&rft.aufirst=Catalin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fbrowser-vendors-win-war-with-w3c-over-html-and-dom-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3C_forks-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W3C_forks_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529013834/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/W3C">"W3C - WHATWG Wiki"</a>. <i>WHATWG Wiki</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/W3C">the original</a> on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHATWG+Wiki&rft.atitle=W3C+-+WHATWG+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.whatwg.org%2Fwiki%2FW3C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankland2009" class="citation web cs1">Shankland, Stephen (9 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/an-epitaph-for-the-web-standard-xhtml-2/">"An epitaph for the Web standard, XHTML 2"</a>. <i>CNET</i>. CBS INTERACTIVE INC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=An+epitaph+for+the+Web+standard%2C+XHTML+2&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft.aulast=Shankland&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fan-epitaph-for-the-web-standard-xhtml-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/introduction.html#is-this-html5?">"Is this HTML5?"</a>. WHATWG. 13 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+this+HTML5%3F&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2Fmultipage%2Fintroduction.html%23is-this-html5%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickson2011" class="citation web cs1">Hickson, Ian (19 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.whatwg.org/html-is-the-new-html5">"HTML is the new HTML5"</a>. WHATWG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML+is+the+new+HTML5&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft.aulast=Hickson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.whatwg.org%2Fhtml-is-the-new-html5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/">"Fetch Standard"</a>. WHATWG. 3 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fetch+Standard&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffetch.spec.whatwg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npm_(software),_2018-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npm_(software),_2018_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725153051/https://www.npmjs.com/package/whatwg-url">"whatwg-url"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Npm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npm (software)">npm (software)</a></i>. 18 August 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/whatwg-url">the original</a> on 25 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>. <q>whatwg-url is a full implementation of the WHATWG URL Standard. It can be used standalone, but it also exposes a lot of the internal algorithms that are useful for integrating a URL parser into a project like jsdom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=npm+%28software%29&rft.atitle=whatwg-url&rft.date=2018-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npmjs.com%2Fpackage%2Fwhatwg-url&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#introduction">"Web IDL Standard"</a>. <i>webidl.spec.whatwg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webidl.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=Web+IDL+Standard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebidl.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23introduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHATWG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHATWG&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatwg.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615940#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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