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href="/w/index.php?title=Merceles&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Merceles">Merceles</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wine produced in Xinjiang, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Museles" title="Special:EditPage/Museles">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Museles%22">"Museles"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Museles%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Museles%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Museles%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Museles%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Museles%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Museles</b> is a wine produced in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. It is commonly made for local consumption, but is now also produced commercially for export outside the region.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China's <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Autonomous Region</a> have an ancient history of <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> going back to around the 4th century BC, when <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> settlers brought the <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a> and more advanced irrigation techniques. The area around <a href="/wiki/Turfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> was, and still is, particularly noted for its grape production, and its production of <a href="/wiki/Grape_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape wine">grape wines</a> is mentioned in the historical record as well. Its wine was noted during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> also mentioned that <i><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khoja">Carachoco</a></i> (the name he used for Turfan) produced fine grape wines. The modern wine industry is largely patterned after French methods, with a concentration on varieties like <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uighur</a> traditional technique has survived, especially in counties surrounding <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turpan_(23366209254).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg/220px-Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg/330px-Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg/440px-Turpan_%2823366209254%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Grapes in Turpan</figcaption></figure> <p>The Uighur home-made <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> generally called "museles" (from Arabic "المثلث", meaning "the triangle") is still being brewed by households in many villages. Unlike wines west of Xinjiang, the brewing of museles requires crushing of local varieties of grapes by hand, then strained using the Uighur <a href="/wiki/Atlas_silk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas silk">atlas silk</a>, then boiled with an amount of water equal to the juice and desired portion of sugar, until the volume of the mixture is down to the original volume of the juice, then stored in clay <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urns</a> together with folk recipes varying by localities---in some counties, traditional Uighur <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">herbal medicines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goji" title="Goji">goji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberries">mulberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea-buckthorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-buckthorn">sea-buckthorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>, etc. in others, and even raw and unfeathered <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasants</a> or <a href="/wiki/Poussin_(chicken)" title="Poussin (chicken)"> poussins</a> in others. The brew usually takes more than a month to accomplish. It is then un-urned, filtered and bottled to be stored for long periods. In some villages, the ritual of communally gathering a mixture of folk museles brews in a large village urn marks the occasion following the harvest and process of grapes. </p><p>Museles is now being standardized by the <a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">wine producing industry</a> in China and marketed under the brand-name of <i>Merceles</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbdurishid_Yakup2005" class="citation book cs1">Abdurishid Yakup (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dk12I01qTPUC&pg=PA161"><i>The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur</i></a>. Harrassowitz. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447052337" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447052337"><bdi>978-3447052337</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turfan+Dialect+of+Uyghur&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3447052337&rft.au=Abdurishid+Yakup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddk12I01qTPUC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuseles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/grapes-wrath-muslim-wine-ferments-divisions-china-054328082.html">Grapes of Wrath: Muslim wine ferments divisions in China</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jue_(vessel)" title="Jue (vessel)">Jue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiao_(vessel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiao (vessel) (page does not exist)">Jiao</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92_(%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8)" class="extiw" title="zh:角 (青銅器)">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_(vessel)" title="Jia (vessel)">Jia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_(vessel)" title="Gu (vessel)">Gu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhi_(vessel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhi (vessel) (page does not exist)">Zhi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%B6" class="extiw" title="zh:觶">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang_(vessel)" title="Guang (vessel)">Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zun" title="Zun">Zun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(vessel)" title="You (vessel)">You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(vessel)" title="Hu (vessel)">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(vessel)" title="Lei (vessel)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Por_(vessel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Por (vessel) (page does not exist)">Por</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:瓿">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine_cup" title="Rice wine cup">Rice wine cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Distilled spirits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erguotou" title="Erguotou">Erguotou</a> <small>•</small> <a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang</a> <small>•</small> <a href="/wiki/Maotai" title="Maotai">Maotai</a> <small>•</small> <a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyu" title="Changyu">Changyu Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanthus_wine" title="Osmanthus wine">Guihua Chenjiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillery">Distilleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Hongxing" title="Beijing Hongxing">Beijing Hongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guizhou_Dongjiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guizhou Dongjiu (page does not exist)">Guizhou Dongjiu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:董酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujing_Gongjiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujing Gongjiu (page does not exist)">Gujing Gongjiu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%95%E8%B4%A1%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:古井贡酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hengshui_Laobaigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hengshui Laobaigan (page does not exist)">Hengshui Laobaigan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%80%81%E7%99%BD%E5%B9%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:衡水老白干">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangsu_Shuanggou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangsu Shuanggou (page does not exist)">Jiangsu Shuanggou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B2%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%9B%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:双沟大曲">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiannanchun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiannanchun (page does not exist)">Jiannanchun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%91%E5%8D%97%E6%98%A5" class="extiw" title="zh:剑南春">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiuguijiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiuguijiu (page does not exist)">Jiuguijiu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%92%E9%AC%BC%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:酒鬼酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kweichow_Moutai" title="Kweichow Moutai">Kweichow Moutai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langjiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langjiu (page does not exist)">Langjiu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%8E%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:郎酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou_Laojiao" title="Luzhou Laojiao">Luzhou Laojiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niulanshan_Distillery" title="Niulanshan Distillery">Niulanshan Distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shede (page does not exist)">Shede</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%BE%97%E9%85%92%E4%B8%9A" class="extiw" title="zh:舍得酒业">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuliangye" title="Wuliangye">Wuliangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xifengjiu" title="Xifengjiu">Xifengjiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghuacun_Fenjiu" title="Xinghuacun Fenjiu">Xinghuacun Fenjiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanghe_(alcoholic_beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanghe 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