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title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice">  </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catalunya</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> país europeu constituït com a comunitat autònoma d'Espanya </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" 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<span>Vigila</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catalunya&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>Mostra el codi</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></span></span></td> <td>Aquest article és sobre el país europeu. Pel territori històric i polític vegeu <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat de Catalunya">Principat de Catalunya</a>, i per altres definicions <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_(desambiguaci%C3%B3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Catalunya (desambiguació)">Catalunya (desambiguació)</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33571020">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_solid{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_botton_top{border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#d9b38c;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33571020"> <p><b>Catalunya</b> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occità">occità</a>: <span lang="oc"><i>Catalonha</i></span>) és un país constituït com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunitat_aut%C3%B2noma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunitat autònoma">comunitat autònoma</a> espanyola situat a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterrània">Mediterrània</a> occidental. Se situa a la costa nord-est de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A8rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Ibèrica">península Ibèrica</a> i limita al nord amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, així com amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occitània">Occitània</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalunya Nord">Catalunya Nord</a>, a l'estat francès, a l'oest amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aragó">Aragó</a>, al sud amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a> i a l'est amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mediterrani">mar Mediterrani</a>. Catalunya és la part més extensa del territori històric i cultural del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat de Catalunya">Principat de Catalunya</a> i és un dels territoris pertanyents a l'àmbit lingüístic dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El novembre de 2023 tenia una població estimada de 8.005.784 habitants (segons l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">IDESCAT</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"> <caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"> <span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Globe_icon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula geografia política"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula geografia política" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/25px-Globe_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/38px-Globe_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/50px-Globe_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420"></a></span></span>Catalunya </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data infobox_subheaderstyle" style="text-align:center">Catalunya (ca)<br><span lang="oc">Catalonha</span> (oc) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1705" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32548069/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:50px;width:119px;max-width:119px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:78px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Catalonia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/117px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/176px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/234px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandera_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandera de Catalunya">Bandera</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:70px;max-width:70px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:78px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Escut d'armes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/68px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/102px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/136px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="950"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escut_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escut de Catalunya">Escut d'armes</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style> <div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"> <table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Imatge"><img alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/282px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/424px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/565px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1194"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="img_toogle_caption">Mapa geogràfic de Catalunya</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunitat_aut%C3%B2noma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunitat autònoma">comunitat autònoma d'Espanya</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacionalitat_hist%C3%B2rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacionalitat històrica">nacionalitat històrica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Himne</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Els_segadors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Els segadors">Els segadors</a></i> (25 febrer 1993) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P85" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="111" data-mwtitle="Els_Segadors.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Els_Segadors.ogg/Els_Segadors.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Els_Segadors.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=oc&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="oc" label="occitan ‪(oc)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEls_Segadors.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Epònim</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalans">catalans</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P138" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Localització</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg&lang=ca&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg/langca-148px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="148" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg/langca-223px-Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg/langca-297px-Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1176"></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P242" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="5" data-lat="41.8375" data-lon="1.5378" data-overlays="["_180da45bb30ae941b8263cce999cbf4b4318a1fa"]" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Map/5/41.8375/1.5378/ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,41.8375,1.5378,150x150.png?lang=ca&domain=ca.wikipedia.org&title=Catalunya&revid=34281619&groups=_180da45bb30ae941b8263cce999cbf4b4318a1fa" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/41.8375?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1.5378?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/150x150@2x.png?lang=ca&domain=ca.wikipedia.org&title=Catalunya&revid=34281619&groups=_180da45bb30ae941b8263cce999cbf4b4318a1fa&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Map"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DCatalunya%26language%3Dca%26params%3D41.8375_N_1.5378_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">41° 50′ 15″ N, 1° 32′ 16″ E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">41.8375°N</span>,<span class="longitude">1.5378°E</span></span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.8375; 1.5378</span></span></span></a></span></small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"><b>Estat</b></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P131" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Capital</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P36" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"><b>Comarca</b></td> <td>41</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"><b>Municipi</b></td> <td>947</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"><b>Província</b></td> <td>4 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P2670" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Conté la subdivisió</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Barcelona">província de Barcelona</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Girona">província de Girona</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Lleida">província de Lleida</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Tarragona">província de Tarragona</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P150" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Població humana</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Població</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">8 milions (2023) (242,91 <small><span lang="gl">hab./km²</span></small>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gentilici</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">català, catalana, catalans, catalanes <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1549" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Idioma oficial</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">català</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occità">occità</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P37" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Geografia</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Part de</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroregi%C3%B3_Pirineus_Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroregió Pirineus Mediterrània">Euroregió Pirineus Mediterrània</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Superfície</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">31.895 km² <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P2046" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Banyat per</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrània">mar Mediterrània</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P206" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punt més alt</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pica_d%27Estats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pica d'Estats">Pica d'Estats</a> (3.143,45 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P610" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punt més baix</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estany_de_Vilacolum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estany de Vilacolum">Estany de Vilacolum</a> (−1,1 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1589" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Limita amb</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia_(regi%C3%B3_administrativa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occitània (regió administrativa)">Occitània</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escaldes-Engordany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escaldes-Engordany">Escaldes-Engordany</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Juli%C3%A0_de_L%C3%B2ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Julià de Lòria">Sant Julià de Lòria</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2522163" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2522163">Andorra la Vella</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encamp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encamp">Encamp</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud">sud</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aragó">Aragó</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oest">oest</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Massana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Massana">la Massana</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P47" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Dades històriques</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Anterior</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q90400112" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q90400112">Capitania General de Catalunya</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1365" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Creació</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><b> 988</b>:  <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comtats_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comtats catalans">Comtats catalans</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P571" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"> <b>Esdeveniment clau</b> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2890362" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2890362">Decret de Nova Planta de Catalunya</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_independentista_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procés independentista català">procés independentista català</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renaixença">Renaixença</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">1640</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_dels_Segadors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra dels Segadors">Guerra dels Segadors</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">1659</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractat_dels_Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractat dels Pirineus">Tractat dels Pirineus</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">9 juliol 1713</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_dels_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra dels catalans">Guerra dels catalans</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">11 setembre 1714</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setge_de_Barcelona_(1713-1714)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Setge de Barcelona (1713-1714)">setge de Barcelona</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">2 maig 1808</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_del_Franc%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra del Francès">Guerra del Francès</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">23 desembre 1938</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ofensiva de Catalunya">ocupació franquista de Catalunya</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">29 desembre 1978</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitució espanyola de 1978">Constitució Espanyola de 1978</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">1992</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1992">Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1992</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label">27 octubre 2017</td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Declaraci%C3%B3_d%27Independ%C3%A8ncia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Declaració d'Independència de Catalunya">Declaració d'Independència de Catalunya</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P793" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diada_nacional_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diada nacional de Catalunya">Diada nacional</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diada Nacional de Catalunya">Diada Nacional de Catalunya</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_de_setembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 de setembre">11 de setembre</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P832" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Patrocini</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Jordi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Jordi">Sant Jordi</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_de_Montserrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mare de Déu de Montserrat">Mare de Déu de Montserrat</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P417" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Organització política</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Org. territorial</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegueria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vegueria">vegueries</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comarques de Catalunya">comarques</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Forma de govern</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamentarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarisme">parlamentarisme</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Òrgan executiu</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Govern_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govern de Catalunya">Govern de Catalunya</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P208" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Òrgan legislatiu</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a> <small>Circumscripció: 4</small>, <small>(Escó: 135) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P194" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">• President <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1313" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvador_Illa_i_Roca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvador Illa i Roca">Salvador Illa i Roca</a> <small>(2024–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P6" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">• President del Parlament</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Rull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep Rull">Josep Rull i Andreu</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Màxima autoritat judicial</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_Superior_de_Just%C3%ADcia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya">Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P209" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunitat_de_Treball_dels_Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunitat de Treball dels Pirineus">Comunitat de Treball dels Pirineus‎</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assemblea_de_les_Regions_d%27Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assemblea de les Regions d'Europa">Assemblea de les Regions d'Europa</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26780139" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q26780139">Xarxa de Governs Regionals pel Desenvolupament Sostenible</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confer%C3%A8ncia_de_les_Regions_Perif%C3%A8riques_Mar%C3%ADtimes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conferència de les Regions Perifèriques Marítimes">Conferència de Regions Perifèriques Marítimes d'Europa</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quatre_Motors_per_a_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quatre Motors per a Europa">Quatre Motors per a Europa</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q678630" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q678630">REGLEG</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">PIB nominal</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">238.308.749 € (2019) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P2131" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Moneda</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P38" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Identificador descriptiu</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Fus horari</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC%2B01:00?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horari_d%27hivern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horari d'hivern">hora estàndard</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P421" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Domini de primer nivell</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.cat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".cat">.cat</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33571020"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P300" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P300">ISO 3166-2</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ES?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-2:ES">ES-CT</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P300" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P605" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P605">Codi NUTS</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/ES51">ES51</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P605" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lloc web</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.gencat.cat/ca/inici/">web.gencat.cat…</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P856" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg/191px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_catalunya_pa%C3%AFsos_catalans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="191" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg/287px-Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg/382px-Localitzaci%25C3%25B3_catalunya_pa%25C3%25AFsos_catalans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1176"></a> <figcaption> Situació de Catalunya respecte als Països Catalans </figcaption> </figure> <p>El territori que actualment es coneix com a Catalunya va ser una possessió de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a> que va passar a mans dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poble_got?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Poble got">gots</a> i dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alans">alans</a> en el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span>. Els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musulm%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musulmà">musulmans</a> la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominaci%C3%B3_musulmana_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominació musulmana de Catalunya">van conquerir</a> l'any 712, però en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conquesta_carol%C3%ADngia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquesta carolíngia de Catalunya">van ser expulsats</a> de la riba nord del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llobregat">Llobregat</a> a les darreries del mateix segle i el començament del següent amb el suport de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlemany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlemany">Carlemany</a>, llavors <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rei_de_Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rei de França">rei dels francs</a>, qui va crear <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comtats_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comtats catalans">una sèrie de comtats</a> fronterers per administrar-la.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ramon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amb el temps, els comtes francs van convertir Catalunya en un territori independent<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que es va confederar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1137?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1137">1137</a> amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corona d'Aragó">Corona d'Aragó</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Miquel_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Miquel-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> com que era una unió dinàstica cada país va conservar el seu poder polític i administratiu. La corona d'Aragó va acabar la conquesta dels territoris musulmans de Catalunya el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1154?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1154">1154</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Corona d'Aragó, posteriorment es va unir a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_de_Castella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona de Castella">Corona de Castella</a> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1476?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1476">1476</a>, com a conseqüència del casament d'Isabel i Ferran, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reis_Cat%C3%B2lics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reis Catòlics">els reis catòlics</a>. Va conservar les seves institucions autònomes de govern fins a l'acabament de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_de_Successi%C3%B3_Espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra de Successió Espanyola">Guerra de Successió Espanyola</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1714?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1714">1714</a>. Uns anys després del seu desmembrament per la cessió al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de França">Regne de França</a> del comtat del Rosselló i part del de la Cerdanya.<sup id="cite_ref-smae_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-smae-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1978, va recuperar autonomia i es va constituir com a comunitat autònoma del Regne d'Espanya. El 27 d'octubre de 2017 el Parlament de Catalunya va proclamar la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República Catalana">República Catalana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc17oct_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc17oct-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que no es va fer efectiva ni va aparèixer al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diari_Oficial_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya">DOGC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-publico17_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-publico17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> però va comportar l'aplicació de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_155?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 155">article 155</a> pel govern espanyol durant 218 dies.<sup id="cite_ref-mundo218_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mundo218-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>El Parlament de Catalunya, recollint el sentiment i la voluntat de la ciutadania de Catalunya, ha definit Catalunya com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nació">nació</a> d'una manera àmpliament majoritària en el Preàmbul de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006">Estatut d'autonomia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitució espanyola">Constitució espanyola</a>, en l'article segon, reconeix la realitat nacional de Catalunya com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacionalitat_hist%C3%B2rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacionalitat històrica">nacionalitat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La capital n'és <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i té un total de 947 municipis. Dos terços de la població viuen a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80mbit_Metropolit%C3%A0_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àmbit Metropolità de Barcelona">regió metropolitana de Barcelona</a>.</p> <p>La llengua pròpia de Catalunya és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">català</a>, excepte a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall d'Aran</a> on ho és l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">aranès</a>. Tant el català com el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a>, llengua oficial de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Estat espanyol</a>, són oficials en tot el territori. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_occitana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua occitana">occità</a>, denominat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">aranès</a> a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall d'Aran</a>, és també oficial a Catalunya. Generalment els catalans són bilingües i parlen les dues llengües principals encara que difereixen respecte a l'idioma que tenen per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_materna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua materna">llengua materna</a>. Segons les dades de 2013, el 99,7 % dels catalans sap parlar castellà mentre que el 80,4 % sap parlar català.<sup id="cite_ref-idescat01_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-idescat01-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A més, l'ús per cada parlant d'un o un altre idioma depèn amb freqüència de l'àmbit social en el qual s'expressi. Segons les dades de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a>, el 36 % dels catalans utilitza el català com a llengua habitual, el 46 % el castellà, el 12 % ambdues i el 0,03 % l'aranès. El 6 % de la població resident de Catalunya utilitza habitualment altres llengües.<sup id="cite_ref-idescat_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-idescat-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contingut</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Topon%C3%ADmia_i_etimologia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Toponímia i etimologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hist%C3%B2ria"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Història</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia_f%C3%ADsica"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geografia física</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Topografia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Topografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hidrografia"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hidrografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clima"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Clima</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Protecci%C3%B3_de_la_natura"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protecció de la natura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fauna"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Fauna</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biodiversitat"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Biodiversitat</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pol%C3%ADtica_i_govern"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Política i govern</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Generalitat_de_Catalunya"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">La Generalitat de Catalunya</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Forces_de_seguretat_i_just%C3%ADcia"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Forces de seguretat i justícia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Els_s%C3%ADmbols_nacionals"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Els símbols nacionals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Divisi%C3%B3_territorial_i_administrativa"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Divisió territorial i administrativa</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prov%C3%ADncies"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Províncies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Municipis"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Municipis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vegueries"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Vegueries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Comarques"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Comarques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Aran"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">L'Aran</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economia"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Economia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Indicadors_econ%C3%B2mics"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Indicadors econòmics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Atur"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Atur</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Infraestructura"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Infraestructura</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aeroports"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Aeroports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ports"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Xarxa_vi%C3%A0ria"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Xarxa viària</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ferrocarril"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ferrocarril</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Altres_transports_p%C3%BAblics"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Altres transports públics</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia_humana_i_societat"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Geografia humana i societat</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografia"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Demografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religi%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religió</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Llengua"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Llengua</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Coneixement del català</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coneixement_del_castell%C3%A0"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Coneixement del castellà</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coneixement_de_l'occit%C3%A0_aran%C3%A8s"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Coneixement de l'occità aranès</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coneixement_de_lleng%C3%BCes_estrangeres"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Coneixement de llengües estrangeres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Llengua_habitual_i_llengua_materna"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Llengua habitual i llengua materna</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultura_i_lleure"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Cultura i lleure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Belles_arts_i_arts_populars"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Belles arts i arts populars</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Costums_i_tradicions"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Costums i tradicions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Festes_populars"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Festes populars</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultura_catalana"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Cultura catalana</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mitologia_catalana"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Mitologia catalana</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gastronomia"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Gastronomia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mitjans_de_comunicaci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">7.8</span> <span class="toctext">Mitjans de comunicació</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Televisi%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">7.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Televisió</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premsa"><span class="tocnumber">7.8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Premsa</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A0dio"><span class="tocnumber">7.8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ràdio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grups_comunicatius_i_productores"><span class="tocnumber">7.8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Grups comunicatius i productores</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esports"><span class="tocnumber">7.9</span> <span class="toctext">Esports</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-52"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Selecci%C3%B3_catalana_de_futbol"><span class="tocnumber">7.9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Selecció catalana de futbol</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ci%C3%A8ncia_i_tecnologia"><span class="tocnumber">7.10</span> <span class="toctext">Ciència i tecnologia</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%A8ncies"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referències</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vegeu_tamb%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Vegeu també</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enlla%C3%A7os_externs"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Enllaços externs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Toponímia_i_etimologia"><span id="Topon.C3.ADmia_i_etimologia"></span>Toponímia i etimologia</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png/220px-Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="509"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 224px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png/220px-Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png" data-width="220" data-height="224" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png/330px-Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png/440px-Liber_maiolichinus_de_gestis_Pisanorum_illustribus_ms723.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> El topònim <i>Catalunya</i> i l'ètnic <i>català</i> apareixen per primera vegada en la Història documentats en un context militar i de guerra. És en el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liber_Maiolichinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liber Maiolichinus">Liber maiolichinus de gestis Pisanorum illustribus</a></i>, una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epopeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Epopeia">epopeia</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llatina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatina">llatina</a> escrita a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> entre el 1117 i el 1125, que narra la croada militar de pisans, catalans i occitans contra la taifa musulmana de Balears. En el text s'anomena a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramon Berenguer III">Ramon Berenguer III</a> com a <i>dux catalanensis</i> (duc català) com a cabdill que lidera els <i>catalanicus hostes</i> (exèrcits catalans) i els <i>catalanicus heros</i> (herois catalans), i s'anomena a la seva pàtria com <i>Catalania</i> (Catalunya). Biblioteca Universitaria di Pisa, ms. 723, f. 40 </figcaption> </figure> <p>El nom de <i>Catalunya</i>, com a tal, es va començar a utilitzar a mitjan segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span> per designar un conjunt de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comtats_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comtats catalans">comtats</a> fronterers que es van desvincular, gradualment, de la tutela <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_Franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne Franc">franca</a> fins a esdevenir sobirans, als quals sovint hom ha anomenat amb el terme poc acurat de <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marca_Hisp%C3%A0nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marca Hispànica">Marca Hispànica</a></i>. L'origen del mot <i>Catalunya</i> encara és incert i obert a interpretacions. Una teoria és que deriva de fa referència a la presència de nombrosos castells,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i que hauria evolucionat del terme <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castl%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castlà">castlà</a></i>, el governador d'un castell.<sup id="cite_ref-neni_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-neni-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'acord amb aquesta teoria, el terme «castellà» en seria <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cognat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cognat">anàleg</a>. Una altra teoria suggereix que <i>Catalunya</i> prové de <i>Gotholàndia</i>, és a dir, la terra dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poble_got?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Poble got">gots</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de fet, els francs sovint anomenaven el territori català com a <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B2tia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gòtia">Gòtia</a></i>.</p> <p>Hom també ha volgut relacionar el terme amb <i>Talunya</i> o <i>Taluniya</i>, una localitat musulmana a la regió d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ath-Thaghr_al-Al%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ath-Thaghr al-Alà">Ath-Thaghr al-Alà</a> pròxima a Lleida. És esmentada per l'historiador i geògraf musulmà <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Udhr%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Udhrí">Al-Udhrí</a> (1002 – <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ca.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca.">ca.</a> 1085)<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coll_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en la seva obra <i>Tarsi al-akhbār</i>. Segons aquest, estava situada a mitjan camí entre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osca">Osca</a>, fet que porta molts experts a identificar-la amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montsó">Montsó</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_22-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coll_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es tractaria d'un nom d'origen <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ib%C3%A8ric?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibèric">ibèric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coll_23-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durant l'època sarraïna disposà d'una fortificació o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castell">castell</a> (<i>qalat</i> en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àrab">àrab</a>), que donà <i>qalat Talunya</i> o, usant la contracció <i>qa-</i> per referir-se a castell, <i>qa Talunya</i> ('castell de Talunya').<sup id="cite_ref-Coll_23-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segons aquesta hipòtesi, els àrabs anomenarien els habitants de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B2tia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gòtia">Gòtia</a> com 'els que viuen més enllà de qa Talunya'. L'origen àrab, a través d'un topònim iber, podria explicar la falta de correspondència exacta entre el gentilici <i>català</i> i el topònim <i>Catalunya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_22-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coll_23-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'historiador <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Vernet_i_Gin%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joan Vernet i Ginés">Joan Vernet i Ginés</a> sosté aquesta tesi.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Altres teories suggereixen que prové d'un mític príncep germànic, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otger_Catal%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otger Cataló">Otger Cataló</a>, tal com diu una llegenda, o ho relacionen amb la tribu <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A0l%C2%B7lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gàl·lia">gal·la</a> dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalauns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalauns">catalauns</a>, o el fan venir dels <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lacetans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lacetans">lacetani</a></i>, tribu que habitava les terres del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bages">Bages</a> i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anoia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anoia">Anoia</a>, i que per influència <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itali%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italià">italiana</a> hauria evolucionat a <i>catelans</i> i d'aquí a <i>catalans</i>, tal com proposà <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Coromines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Coromines">Joan Coromines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-histocat_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-histocat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>El concepte <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat de Catalunya">Principat de Catalunya</a></i> és un terme jurídic (en llatí <i>principatus</i>) que aparegué al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> per indicar l'entitat política sota jurisdicció de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corts_Catalanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corts Catalanes">Corts Catalanes</a>, el sobirà del qual (en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llat%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llatí">llatí</a>, <i>princeps</i>) era el comte de Barcelona, el qual des de la segona meitat del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span> era també rei d'Aragó. Tot i no posseir formalment el títol de regne, el Principat de Catalunya es trobava jurídica i institucionalment equiparat amb els altres estats de la Corona d'Aragó, particularment amb els regnes d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne d'Aragó">Aragó</a> i de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de València">València</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hillgarth_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hillgarth-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> els quals tenien com a únic nexe comú la figura del monarca.<sup id="cite_ref-ryder_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ryder-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elliot_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-elliot-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Història de Catalunya">Història de Catalunya</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg/220px-1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 315px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg/220px-1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="315" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg/330px-1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/1714-defenderse_catalu%C3%B1a_por_el_rey_y_por_la_patria.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1714?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1714">1714</a> la radicalització política catalana accentuà els plantejaments <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republicanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republicanisme">republicans</a>. L'opuscle <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.cat/books?id%3D_snwzlQro4sC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_atb%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Lealthad Catalana</i></a> publicat el 1714 sostenia que a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nació">Nació</a> només la representen <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corts_Catalanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corts Catalanes">les Corts</a>, soles, com a reunió dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bra%C3%A7_(concepte_social)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Braç (concepte social)">tres braços</a>, sense la necessària presència del rei: «<i>Solo las resoluciones que se toman en cortes de un reyno o provincia son las que se atribuyen a la Nación […], que sólo se representa en sus braços unidos. Toda la</i> <i>Nación Cathalana</i>, <i>junta en sus Braços, resolvió el defenderse por el rey, en cuyo dominio estava […]</i>».<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>La història de Catalunya, tant al nord com al sud dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus">Pirineus</a> es pot dividir en les següents etapes:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_geol%C3%B2gica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Història geològica de Catalunya">Història geològica de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prehist%C3%B2ria_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prehistòria a Catalunya">Prehistòria a Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_iber_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Període iber a Catalunya">Període iber a Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_rom%C3%A0_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Període romà a Catalunya">Període romà a Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_visigot_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Període visigot a Catalunya">Període visigot a Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_mitjana_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat mitjana de Catalunya">Edat mitjana de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_moderna_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat moderna de Catalunya">Edat moderna de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_contempor%C3%A0nia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Història contemporània de Catalunya">Història contemporània de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_XX_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle XX a Catalunya">Segle XX a Catalunya</a></li> </ul> <p>El territori que ocupa Catalunya fou conquerit per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/218_aC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="218 aC">218 aC</a> i formà part de la província <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarraconense?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarraconense">Tarraconense</a>; al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle V">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span></a> la Tarraconense fou conquerida pels gots i formà part del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Toledo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de Toledo">Regne de Toledo</a>. El 712 els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musulm%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musulmà">musulmans</a> derrotaren els gots i ocuparen la Tarraconense, però a finals d'aquell mateix segle en foren expulsats de la part nord pels francs amb el suport de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlemany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlemany">Carlemany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ramon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encartaesp_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-encartaesp-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B2tia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gòtia">Gòtia</a> franca fou organitzada en comtats, que a l'extinció de la dinastia carolíngia no renovaren el vassallatge a la nova dinastia reial franca. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comte_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comte de Barcelona">comte de Barcelona</a> va apoderar-se de diversos comtats i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1137?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1137">1137</a> es casà amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peronella_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peronella d'Aragó">Peronella</a>, filla del rei d'Aragó, constituint una unió dinàstica entre ambdós llinatges. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfons_el_Cast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfons el Cast">Alfons el Cast</a>, el primer a ser rei d'Aragó i comte de Barcelona, unificà políticament l'heterogeni grup de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comtats_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comtats catalans">comtats catalans</a> que estaven sota la jurisdicció mitjançant tres documents de caràcter legislatiu, jurídic i cultural: els <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usatici_Barchinonae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Usatici Barchinonae">Usatici Barchinonae</a></i> (Usatges de Barcelona), el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liber_feudorum_maior?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liber feudorum maior">Liber domini regis</a></i> (Llibre del domini del rei), i la <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesta_Comitum_Barchinonensium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesta Comitum Barchinonensium">Gesta Comitum Barchinonensium</a></i> (Gestes dels comtes de Barcelona), documents que configuraren Catalunya com un estat medieval<sup id="cite_ref-SESMA02_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SESMA02-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amb un corpus legislatiu i judicial unificat, uns referents culturals comuns, i unes fronteres que foren definides com «la terra que va des de Salses fins a Tortosa i Lleida» («<i>de Salsis usque Dertusam et Ilerdam cum suis finibus</i>»).<sup id="cite_ref-SESMA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SESMA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Administrativament Catalunya fou articulada mitjançant una estructura jurisdiccional d'àmbit territorial, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegueries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegueries">vegueries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SESMA01_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SESMA01-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al capdavant de les quals hi havia un representant de l'autoritat reial, el veguer. La fundació de Catalunya com a estat es veu representada per l'aparició del terme <i>Cathalonia</i> en la documentació legal de la cancelleria del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rei_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rei d'Aragó">rei d'Aragó</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SESMA_32-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SESMA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que passà de tenir la mera i vaga accepció geogràfica anterior a esdevenir la denominació oficial d'un espai polític i ètnic definit.</p> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1319?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1319">1319</a> el rei <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaume_el_Just?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaume el Just">Jaume el Just</a> consagrà la «Unió» indissoluble d'Aragó, València i Catalunya, transformant la unió dinàstica en una imperfecta però efectiva federació d'estats<sup id="cite_ref-HINOJOSA-2006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HINOJOSA-2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anomenada <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corona d'Aragó">Corona d'Aragó</a><sup id="cite_ref-Miquel_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Miquel-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectant les singularitats de cada territori i desenvolupant-hi una estructura política equivalent i similar entre si: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corts_Catalanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corts Catalanes">Parlaments</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat">Generalitats</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitucions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitucions">sistema constitucional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SESMA_32-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SESMA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La unió dinàstica del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casal_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casal d'Aragó">Casal d'Aragó</a> amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_Trast%C3%A0mara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia Trastàmara">Dinastia Trastàmara</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dames,_reines,_abadesses_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dames,_reines,_abadesses-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_dels_Habsburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia dels Habsburg">Dinastia dels Habsburg</a> no alterà el sistema constitucional dels estats de la Corona d'Aragó. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1640?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1640">1640</a> el projecte centralista del comte duc d'Olivares desencadenà la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_dels_Segadors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra dels Segadors">Guerra dels Segadors</a>, que acabà ocasionant la separació del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de Portugal">regne de Portugal</a> i pèrdua per cessió al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de França">Regne de França</a> dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governaci%C3%B3_dels_comtats_de_Rossell%C3%B3_i_Cerdanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governació dels comtats de Rosselló i Cerdanya">Comtats de Rosselló i Cerdanya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'entronització de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_borb%C3%B2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia borbònica">Dinastia borbònica</a> desencadenà la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_de_Successi%C3%B3_Espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra de Successió Espanyola">Guerra de Successió Espanyola</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a escala europea i a causa dels continus conflictes entre els funcionaris de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felip_V_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felip V d'Espanya">Felip V</a> i els funcionaris de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_aragonesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona aragonesa">Corona aragonesa</a>, va créixer a Catalunya un sentiment de suport a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_VI_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles VI del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic">Arxiduc Carles</a> convertí el conflicte en una guerra interna entre els estats de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarquia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarquia Catòlica">Monarquia Catòlica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La guerra acabà amb la cessió d'estats hispànics d'Itàlia, de Flandes, de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menorca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menorca">Menorca</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gibraltar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, i la imposició de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Absolutisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Absolutisme">absolutisme borbònic</a> amb els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decrets_de_Nova_Planta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Decrets de Nova Planta">Decrets de Nova Planta</a>. L'assimilació de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corona d'Aragó">Corona d'Aragó</a> per la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corona_de_Castella_i_Lle%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corona de Castella i Lleó">Corona de Castella</a> fou l'inici de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat_naci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat nació">estat-nació</a> espanyol, que continuà mitjançant la imposició de les característiques de l'ètnia dominant, en aquest cas la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castella">castellana</a>, sobre les de les altres ètnies, esdevingues <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minoria_nacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minoria nacional">minories nacionals</a> a assimilar mitjançant polítiques nacionalistes.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf/page1-220px-Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 311px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf/page1-220px-Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="311" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf/page1-330px-Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf/page1-440px-Resoluci%C3%B3_de_Constituci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Resolució de la Constitució de la República Catalana pel Parlament de Catalunya el 27 d'octubre del 2017 </figcaption> </figure> <p>El col·lapse de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antic_r%C3%A8gim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antic règim">Antic règim absolutista</a> al llarg del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> i l'establiment de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construcci%C3%B3_de_l%27estat_liberal_a_Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Construcció de l'estat liberal a Espanya">règims lliberals</a> no suposà la recuperació del sistema constitucional propi de Catalunya i dels altres estats de la Corona d'Aragó, sinó que consagraren el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne d'Espanya">Regne d'Espanya</a> com un règim polític centralitzat. Al llarg del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_XX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle XX">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span></a> s'assajaren diferents mètodes de descentralització administrativa com la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mancomunitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mancomunitat de Catalunya">Mancomunitat de Catalunya</a> o la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat_republicana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat republicana">Generalitat republicana</a>, però no fou fins a la promulgació de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_Espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitució Espanyola de 1978">Constitució Espanyola de 1978</a> i l'aprovació de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 1979">Estatut d'Autonomia</a> quan es consolidà l'actual sistema espanyol de delegació politicoadministrativa en les comunitats autònomes. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006">Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006</a> estatueix en el seu preàmbul que «el Parlament de Catalunya, recollint el sentiment i la voluntat de la ciutadania de Catalunya, ha definit Catalunya com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nació">nació</a>», tot i que la vigent <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_Espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitució Espanyola de 1978">Constitució espanyola</a> limita el reconeixement de la realitat nacional de Catalunya al d'una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacionalitat_hist%C3%B2rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacionalitat històrica">nacionalitat històrica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La sentència de l'estatut de 2010, entre d'altres, va revifar el sentiment independentista i va ser el detonant per activar un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_independentista_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procés independentista català">procés independentista català</a>, que va celebrar manifestacions multitudinàries el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manifestaci%C3%B3_%C2%ABSom_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%C2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manifestació «Som una nació. Nosaltres decidim»">2010</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manifestaci%C3%B3_%C2%ABCatalunya,_nou_estat_d%27Europa%C2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manifestació «Catalunya, nou estat d'Europa»">2012</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Via_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Via Catalana">2013</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Via_Catalana_2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Via Catalana 2014">2014</a>, fins que les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleccions_al_Parlament_de_Catalunya_de_2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya de 2015">eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya</a> de 2015 van donar lloc a un Parlament amb majoria absoluta independentista. El President de la Generalitat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a> va convocar un Referèndum d'autodeterminació que es va celebrar l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refer%C3%A8ndum_sobre_la_independ%C3%A8ncia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Referèndum sobre la independència de Catalunya">1 d'octubre de 2017</a> i va donar més d'un 90 % de vots a favor del sí. Pocs dies després va fer una declaració parcial d'independència, a l'espera d'una mediació internacional.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finalment el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_d%27octubre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 d'octubre">27 d'octubre</a> de 2017 el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a> va aprovar la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proclamaci%C3%B3_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proclamació de la República Catalana">Proclamació de la República Catalana</a> que va quedar sense efecte per l'aplicació de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_155_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Article 155 de la Constitució espanyola de 1978">Article 155 de la Constitució espanyola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geografia_física"><span id="Geografia_f.C3.ADsica"></span>Geografia física</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografia de Catalunya">Geografia de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya té una superfície aproximada de 32 000 km². Limita al nord amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> (65,3 km) i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>—el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Departament_dels_Pirineus_Orientals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Departament dels Pirineus Orientals">Departament dels Pirineus Orientals</a>, de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arieja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arieja">Arieja</a> i de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alta_Garona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alta Garona">Alta Garona</a>—(315 km), a l'oest amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aragó">Aragó</a> (359,9 km), al sud amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a> (52,9 km) i a l'est amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrània">mar Mediterrània</a>. La seva situació geogràfica ha afavorit, des de temps medievals, una relació propera i intensa amb la resta dels països mediterranis i alhora amb l'Europa continental.</p> <p>Aproximadament el 28,7 % del sòl de Catalunya es dedica als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conreu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conreu">conreus</a>; el 15,7 % són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prat">prats</a> i pastures, l'1 % correspon a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rius">rius</a>; el 43,4 % a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Boscos">boscos</a>, el 6,7 % a àrees urbanes o urbanitzables, i el 4,6 % a altres activitats no especificades.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Vegeu també: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_rius_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de rius de Catalunya">Llista de rius de Catalunya</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_platges_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de platges de Catalunya">Llista de platges de Catalunya</a>, i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_muntanyes_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de muntanyes de Catalunya">Llista de muntanyes de Catalunya</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Topografia">Topografia</h3> </div> <p>Catalunya té una diversitat geogràfica molt marcada, tenint en compte la superfície relativament petita del seu territori. La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografia">geografia</a> està condicionada pel litoral mediterrani, aquest, amb 580 quilòmetres de costa, i les grans unitats de relleu dels Pirineus al nord. El relleu català presenta, a grans trets, tres unitats morfoestructurals generals:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus">Pirineus</a>: la formació muntanyosa que connecta la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A8rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Ibèrica">península Ibèrica</a> amb el territori continental europeu, i situats al nord de Catalunya;</li> <li>el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_Mediterrani_Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema Mediterrani Català">Sistema Mediterrani Català</a> o les Serralades Costaneres Catalanes: una alternança d'elevacions i planes paral·leles a la costa mediterrània; i</li> <li>la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_Central_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressió Central Catalana">Depressió Central Catalana</a>: unitat estructural que configura el sector oriental de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_de_l%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vall de l'Ebre">Vall de l'Ebre</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Pedraforca2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pedraforca2.jpg/220px-Pedraforca2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2416"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pedraforca2.jpg/220px-Pedraforca2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pedraforca2.jpg/330px-Pedraforca2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pedraforca2.jpg/440px-Pedraforca2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedraforca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedraforca">Pedraforca</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Els_Encantats.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Els_Encantats.JPG/220px-Els_Encantats.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Els_Encantats.JPG/220px-Els_Encantats.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Els_Encantats.JPG/330px-Els_Encantats.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Els_Encantats.JPG/440px-Els_Encantats.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Els_Encantats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Els Encantats">Els Encantats</a>, dos pics emblemàtics dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus">Pirineus</a> i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estany_de_Sant_Maurici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estany de Sant Maurici">estany de Sant Maurici</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/220px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/220px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/330px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/440px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montserrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Els Pirineus catalans representen gairebé la meitat, en longitud, de tot el Pirineu, ja que s'estén per més de 200 km. Tradicionalment s'ha diferenciat el Pirineu Axial, el principal del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prepirineu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepirineu">Prepirineu</a> (meridional al territori català) i que són formacions muntanyoses paral·leles a les serralades principals però amb altituds menors, menys escarpades i d'una formació geològica diferent. Ambdues unitats són més amples a l'occident que no pas a l'orient, on es presenten els pics més elevats. L'elevació més alta de Catalunya, que es troba al nord de la comarca de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallars_Sobir%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallars Sobirà">Pallars Sobirà</a>, és la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pica_d%27Estats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pica d'Estats">Pica d'Estats</a> amb 3143 m, seguida del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puigpedr%C3%B3s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puigpedrós">Puigpedrós</a> (2914 m) i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puigmal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puigmal">Puigmal</a> (2910 m) tots dos a la frontera amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>. Al Prepirineu hi destaquen diverses serralades com la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serralada_del_Cad%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Serralada del Cadí">serralada del Cadí</a> o la de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedraforca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedraforca">Pedraforca</a>.</p> <p>El Sistema Mediterrani Català té la seva base en dues serralades més o menys paral·leles amb la costa, en una orientació del nord-oest cap al sud-oest. Aquestes dues serralades són la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serralada_Litoral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Serralada Litoral">Serralada Litoral</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serralada_Prelitoral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Serralada Prelitoral">Serralada Prelitoral</a>. La Serralada Litoral és de menor extensió i amb altituds menors, mentre que la Serralada Prelitoral és major tant en extensió com en altitud. Dins el sistema es troba una sèrie de terres planes, les entitats majors de les quals formen la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_Litoral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Depressió Litoral">Depressió Litoral</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_Prelitoral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressió Prelitoral">Depressió Prelitoral</a>. La Depressió Litoral se situa a l'est de la Serralada Prelitoral cap a la costa. La Depressió Prelitoral, per contra, se situa a l'interior, entre les dues serralades, i constitueix la base de les terres planes del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès">Vallès</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penedès">Penedès</a>. Altres planes majors són la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_de_la_Selva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Depressió de la Selva">Depressió de la Selva</a> i la Plana de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empordà">Empordà</a>, majoritàriament a les comarques de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selva">Selva</a> i l'Alt i el Baix Empordà respectivament. Finalment, el Sistema també inclou la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serralada_Transversal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serralada Transversal">Serralada Transversal</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subpirineu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subpirineu">Subpirineu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que són formacions tardanes al nord de la Serralada Prelitoral i amb contacte amb els Pirineus i Prepirineus que originen altituds mitjanes i, en el cas de la primera, volcans a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_Volc%C3%A0nica_de_la_Garrotxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa">àrea de la Garrotxa</a>, la principal zona volcànica del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_volc%C3%A0nic_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp volcànic català">camp volcànic català</a>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_Central_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressió Central Catalana">Depressió Central Catalana</a> és una plana situada entre els Pirineus i la Serralada Prelitoral. Les comarques del sud de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Lleida">província de Lleida</a> i les centrals de Barcelona ocupen aquest territori. Les terres de la Depressió se situen entre els 200 i els 600 m d'altitud. Les planes i les aigües que descendeixen dels Pirineus han fet que el territori sigui fèrtil pels camps de conreu i s'hi han construït nombrosos canals d'irrigació.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hidrografia">Hidrografia</h3> </div> <p>Gairebé la totalitat de Catalunya pertany a la conca mediterrània. La xarxa hidrogràfica catalana està integrada per dues conques hidrogràfiques importants, la de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebre">Ebre</a> i les conques internes de Catalunya, totes desguassant a la Mediterrània. A més, hi ha la conca de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garona">Garona</a> que desemboca a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_Atl%C3%A0ntic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceà Atlàntic">oceà Atlàntic</a>, però només abasta l'1,73 % del territori català.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg/220px-Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg/220px-Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg/330px-Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg/440px-Spain_Ebre_river_in_Miravet.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebre">Ebre</a> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miravet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miravet">Miravet</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>La xarxa hidrogràfica es pot dividir en dos sectors, un de vessant occidental o de l'Ebre i un de vessant oriental format per rius menors que desemboquen a la Mediterrània al llarg del litoral català. El primer aporta una mitjana de 18 700 hm³/any, mentre que la segona només aporta una mitjana de 2020 hm³/any. La diferència és deguda a la gran aportació de l'Ebre, del qual el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segre">Segre</a> és un important tributari. A Catalunya hi ha, a més a més, una relativa riquesa d'aigües subterrànies, tot i que també existeix la desigualtat entre comarques, atesa l'estructura geològica complexa del territori.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC_clima-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als Pirineus catalans hi ha molts estanys petits, restes de l'època glacial. El major n'és el de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banyoles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banyoles">Banyoles</a>.</p> <p>La costa catalana és gairebé rectilínia, amb una longitud superior als 500 km i amb pocs accidents geogràfics—els més rellevants són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_de_Creus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cap de Creus">cap de Creus</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golf_de_Roses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golf de Roses">golf de Roses</a> al nord, i el delta de l'Ebre al sud. On la Serralada Litoral se submergeix dins el mar, ho fa en dos segments, un entre l'Estartit i la població de Blanes (la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Brava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Brava">costa Brava</a>) i més al sud, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costes_de_Garraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Costes de Garraf">costes de Garraf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima de Catalunya">Clima de Catalunya</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png/220px-Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3128" data-file-height="2944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png/220px-Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png/330px-Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png/440px-Mapa_clim%C3%A0tic_de_Catalunya.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Els climes de Catalunya: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26476043">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00A86B; color:black;"> </span> Clima atlàntic </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#9966CC; color:black;"> </span> Clima alpí </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#77B5FE; color:black;"> </span> Clima mediterrani de muntanya alta </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFE5B4; color:black;"> </span> Clima mediterrani de muntanya mitjana </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:black;"> </span> Clima mediterrani litoral </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF8C69; color:black;"> </span> Clima mediterrani continentalitzat </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Catalunya gaudeix d'un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_mediterrani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima mediterrani">clima mediterrani</a> temperat propi de la seva latitud a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hemisferi_septentrional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisferi septentrional">hemisferi septentrional</a>. Tot i així, atesa la seva variada topografia, hi ha una diversitat de climes i trets particulars.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC_clima-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les temperatures mitjanes anuals oscil·len des del 0 °C als Pirineus, fins als 17 °C a la costa del sud; les temperatures màximes poden arribar als 43 °C (a les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garrigues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garrigues">Garrigues</a>), i les mínimes als -30 °C (als Pirineus).<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC_clima-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Quant a la pluviositat, Catalunya pot dividir-se en dues regions:</p> <ul> <li> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png/220px-Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="618"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png/220px-Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png" data-width="220" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png/330px-Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png/440px-Satellite_NASA_Catalonia_winter.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Imatge de satèl·lit de Catalunya a l'hivern (març de 2010) </figcaption> </figure>la Catalunya humida, integrada pels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus">Pirineus</a>, els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prepirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prepirineus">Prepirineus</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subpirineu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subpirineu">Subpirineu</a> i alguns illots muntanyosos de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serralada_Prelitoral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Serralada Prelitoral">serralada Prelitoral</a>, on la pluviositat és superior als 700 mm anuals; i</li> <li>la Catalunya seca; la resta del territori, on la pluviositat és inferior als 700 mm anuals.</li> </ul> <p>La pluviositat té una tendència equinoccial. Al mediterrani, els estius són secs i hi ha pluges primaverals. Als Pirineus, les precipitacions hi són abundants durant maig i juny, i els estius, en general, són humits.</p> <p>En considerar tant les temperatures com la pluviositat, Catalunya es divideix en tres grans dominis climàtics:<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC_clima-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>un de clima alpí (als alts Pirineus);</li> <li>un de clima atlàntic (a la conca de la Garona);</li> <li>i un de clima mediterrani (la resta del territori), que se subdivideix en una àrea de muntanya alta i una de muntanya baixa.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Protecció_de_la_natura"><span id="Protecci.C3.B3_de_la_natura"></span>Protecció de la natura</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Vegeu també: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegetaci%C3%B3_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vegetació de Catalunya">Vegetació de Catalunya</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parcs_naturals_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parcs naturals de Catalunya">Parcs naturals de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>El 1990 el govern català va crear el Consell de Protecció de la Natura, un òrgan consultiu en matèria de protecció de la natura i del paisatge, amb el propòsit de conèixer, estudiar, protegir i gestionar el medi natural català. Existeixen onze <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parcs_naturals_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parcs naturals de Catalunya">parcs naturals a Catalunya</a>: el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Natural_de_l%27Alt_Pirineu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu">Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aiguamolls_de_l%27Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aiguamolls de l'Empordà">Aiguamolls de l'Empordà</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Natural_del_Cad%C3%AD-Moixer%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc Natural del Cadí-Moixeró">Parc Natural del Cadí-Moixeró</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_de_Creus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cap de Creus">Cap de Creus</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ports_de_Tortosa-Beseit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ports de Tortosa-Beseit">els Ports</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Natural_del_Delta_de_l%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc Natural del Delta de l'Ebre">Delta de l'Ebre</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Natural_del_Montseny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc Natural del Montseny">Parc Natural del Montseny</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montserrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Lloren%C3%A7_del_Munt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Llorenç del Munt">Sant Llorenç del Munt</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serra_de_Montsant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra de Montsant">Serra de Montsant</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_volc%C3%A0nica_de_la_Garrotxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona volcànica de la Garrotxa">Zona volcànica de la Garrotxa</a>; un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_nacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc nacional">parc nacional</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aig%C3%BCestortes_i_Estany_de_Sant_Maurici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici">Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici</a>; una reserva natural, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delta_del_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delta del Llobregat">Delta del Llobregat</a>; i una reserva marina, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illes_Medes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illes Medes">Illes Medes</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fauna_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fauna de Catalunya">Fauna de Catalunya</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Rebhuehner.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rebhuehner.jpg/220px-Rebhuehner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="284"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rebhuehner.jpg/220px-Rebhuehner.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rebhuehner.jpg/330px-Rebhuehner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Rebhuehner.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perdius_xerres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdius xerres">perdius xerres</a> són uns dels ocells comuns a Catalunya </figcaption> </figure> <p>La fauna de Catalunya es compon a grans trets d'una combinació d'una minoria d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Animals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Animals">animals</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endemisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endemisme">endèmics</a> de la regió i una majoria d'animals que també estan presents en altres indrets. Gran part del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat de Catalunya">Principat de Catalunya</a> gaudeix d'un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_mediterrani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima mediterrani">clima mediterrani</a> (exceptuant les regions de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_de_muntanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima de muntanya">muntanya</a>), cosa que fa que molts dels animals que hi viuen estiguin adaptats als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ecosistemes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosistemes">ecosistemes</a> mediterranis. Les activitats humanes han posat en perill la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biodiversitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biodiversitat">biodiversitat</a> animal de Catalunya, posant algunes espècies en perill i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extinci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extinció">extingint-ne</a> altres, com ara el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llop_gris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llop gris">llop gris</a> o probablement l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Os_bru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Os bru">os bru</a>. D'altra banda, el govern també ha delimitat zones protegides per tal de conservar la riquesa natural de Catalunya.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Biodiversitat">Biodiversitat</h3> </div> <p>Catalunya és un mostrari de paisatges europeus a petita escala. Poc més de 30 000 km quadrats allotgen una gran varietat de substrats, sòls, climes, orientacions, altituds i distàncies al mar. El conjunt és d'una gran diversitat ecològica, i d'una notable riquesa de paisatges, hàbitats i espècies. Hi ha més de 600 tipus d'hàbitats naturals i seminaturals. Un 65 % del territori manté un alt grau de naturalitat, però alhora és molt vulnerable, per les pressions a què està sotmès. Més de 7 milions d'habitants es concentren en el 30 % del territori principalment al litoral. A una intensa activitat agrícola, ramadera i industrial, s'hi afegeix una gran afluència turística –més de 20 milions de visitants anuals-, una alta taxa d'urbanització dispersa i una densa xarxa d'infraestructures viàries. La pressió que genera aquest model de vida fa que la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petjada_ecol%C3%B2gica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petjada ecològica">petjada ecològica</a> del país superi amb escreix la superfície administrativa.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Política_i_govern"><span id="Pol.C3.ADtica_i_govern"></span>Política i govern</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_i_govern_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Política i govern de Catalunya">Política i govern de Catalunya</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_Generalitat_de_Catalunya">La Generalitat de Catalunya</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:RJ-Barcelona2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RJ-Barcelona2.jpg/220px-RJ-Barcelona2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RJ-Barcelona2.jpg/220px-RJ-Barcelona2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RJ-Barcelona2.jpg/330px-RJ-Barcelona2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RJ-Barcelona2.jpg/440px-RJ-Barcelona2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palau_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya">Palau de la Generalitat</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG/220px-Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG/220px-Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG/330px-Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG/440px-Parlament_de_Catalunya.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La comunitat autònoma de Catalunya exerceix el seu autogovern que la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitució espanyola">constitució espanyola</a> li garanteix com a nacionalitat. La norma institucional bàsica de Catalunya és l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006">Estatut d'Autonomia</a>. D'acord amb aquest, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autogovern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autogovern">autogovern</a> de Catalunya s'organitza políticament en l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_p%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administració pública">administració</a> de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a>. La Generalitat de Catalunya està formada per diverses institucions de govern, entre elles:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a>: el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_legislatiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poder legislatiu">poder legislatiu</a> del govern català; al parlament es realitza el debat polític i es controla i impulsa l'acció política i de govern. Entre les seves potestats, el Parlament aprova els pressupostos de la Generalitat. Està constituït per un mínim de 100 diputats i un màxim de 150, elegits per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representaci%C3%B3_proporcional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Representació proporcional">representació proporcional</a> amb llistes de partits tancades, per un termini de quatre anys;</li> <li>la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presid%C3%A8ncia_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidència de la Generalitat de Catalunya">Presidència de la Generalitat</a>, encapçalada pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President de la Generalitat de Catalunya">president</a>. El president és la més alta representació de la Generalitat i alhora de l'Estat espanyol a Catalunya. La seva funció és dirigir les accions del Govern; per tant és el representant del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_executiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poder executiu">poder executiu</a> de Catalunya; i</li> <li>el Govern o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell_Executiu_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Consell Executiu de Catalunya">Consell Executiu</a> és l'òrgan superior col·legiat que dirigeix l'acció política i l'administració de la Generalitat. El Govern està presidit pel president de la Generalitat, el conseller primer i els altres consellers. D'acord amb aquest, les competències principals del Govern són en l'àmbit de l'educació, la sanitat i la cultura. El finançament de la Generalitat és regulat per la Llei Orgànica de Finançament de les Comunitats Autònomes i per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006">Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya</a>.</li> </ul> <p>A més d'aquestes institucions, les altres institucions de la Generalitat són totes les que creï el Parlament mateix. Com a òrgans de garantia i control, en l'actualitat formen part de la Generalitat, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADndic_de_Greuges_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya">Síndic de Greuges</a>, el garant dels drets i les llibertats dels ciutadans, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sindicatura_de_Comptes_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sindicatura de Comptes de Catalunya">Sindicatura de Comptes de Catalunya</a> que controla els comptes econòmics de les institucions públiques de Catalunya, i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell_de_Garanties_Estatut%C3%A0ries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Consell de Garanties Estatutàries">Consell de Garanties Estatutàries</a>, que vetlla per l'adequació a l'Estatut i a la Constitució de l'Estat espanyol de les disposicions de la Generalitat.</p> <p>La màxima institució del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_judicial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poder judicial">poder judicial</a> a Catalunya recau sobre el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_Superior_de_Just%C3%ADcia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya">Tribunal Superior de Justícia</a>, segons l'Estatut del 2006. Les competències del Tribunal Superior de Justícia inclouen conèixer els recursos i procediments en els diversos ordres institucionals i tutelar els drets reconeguts per l'Estatut. En tot cas, és competent en els ordres jurisdiccionals, civil, contenciós administratiu i social, i en els altres que es puguin crear en el futur.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg/168px-Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 168px;height: 252px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg/168px-Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg" data-width="168" data-height="252" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg/252px-Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg/336px-Retrat_oficial_del_President_Carles_Puigdemont.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> El retrat oficial de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont_i_Casamaj%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó">Carles Puigdemont</a>, el 130è <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President de la Generalitat de Catalunya">President de la Generalitat</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>El Govern és part integrant de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a>. La capital i seu del Govern és la ciutat de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President de la Generalitat de Catalunya">President de la Generalitat</a> entre 1980 i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> ha estat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordi_Pujol_i_Soley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordi Pujol i Soley">Jordi Pujol i Soley</a>, de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Converg%C3%A8ncia_i_Uni%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convergència i Unió">Convergència i Unió</a>, que fou seguit per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasqual_Maragall_i_Mira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasqual Maragall i Mira">Pasqual Maragall i Mira</a>, del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partit_dels_Socialistes_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya">Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya</a>, entre el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> i el 2006, per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Montilla_Aguilera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="José Montilla Aguilera">José Montilla Aguilera</a>, entre el 2006 i finals del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a>, també del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partit_dels_Socialistes_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya">Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya</a>, seguit d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artur_Mas_i_Gavarr%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artur Mas i Gavarró">Artur Mas i Gavarró</a>, de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Converg%C3%A8ncia_i_Uni%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convergència i Unió">Convergència i Unió</a>, entre el 2010 i el 2016. Després de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleccions_al_Parlament_de_Catalunya_de_2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya de 2015">eleccions del 27 de setembre del 2015</a>, un cop constituït el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_diputats_del_Parlament_de_Catalunya_(XI_Legislatura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de diputats del Parlament de Catalunya (XI Legislatura)">nou Parlament</a>, el 10 de gener va ser elegit nou president <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont_i_Casamaj%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó">Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó</a>, de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Junts_pel_S%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Junts pel Sí">Junts pel Sí</a>. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_d%27octubre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 d'octubre">27 d'octubre</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017">2017</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senat_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senat d'Espanya">Senat d'Espanya</a> va votar a favor l'aplicació del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_155_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Article 155 de la Constitució espanyola de 1978">article 155 de la Constitució Espanyola</a>, destituint el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont_i_Casamaj%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó">president Puigdemont</a> i tot el seu govern. Oficialment, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat</a> va restar sense president, però <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont_i_Casamaj%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó">Puigdemont</a> va conservar el títol de president a l'exili. El 14 de maig del 2018, Joaquim Torra i Pla, independent de Junts per Catalunya, va ser investit president de la Generalitat seguint les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleccions_al_Parlament_de_Catalunya_de_2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya de 2017">eleccions del 21 de desembre del 2017</a>, convocades pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Govern_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govern d'Espanya">govern de l'estat espanyol.</a></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_(11).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg/220px-Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg/220px-Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg/330px-Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg/440px-Imatges_oficials_Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya_2013_gencat_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Policia de la Generalitat –<i>Mosso d'Esquadra</i>– amb uniforme de gala, saludant al president <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artur_Mas_i_Gavarr%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artur Mas i Gavarró">Artur Mas</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Forces_de_seguretat_i_justícia"><span id="Forces_de_seguretat_i_just.C3.ADcia"></span>Forces de seguretat i justícia</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a> </div> <p>Catalunya també disposa d'una policia pròpia, els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a>, la força de policia civil més antiga d'Europa, els orígens de la qual es remunten al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>. Des de 1980 està sota les ordres de la Generalitat, i des del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a> fins al 2008 va fer un procés de desplegament substituint a la Guàrdia Civil i a la Policia Nacional, cossos dependents directament del Ministeri de l'Interior d'Espanya. L'Estat, però, conserva un nombre limitat d'agents a Catalunya per exercir altres funcions específiques: vigilància dels ports, aeroports, costes, fronteres, duanes, règim general d'estrangeria, documents d'identitat, tràfic d'armes i explosius, protecció fiscal de l'Estat i d'altres funcions que la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_Espanyola_de_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitució Espanyola de 1978">Constitució</a> estableix.</p> <p>També en l'àmbit de la seguretat, existeixen en les localitats més importants les Policies Locals, que són cossos policials depenent dels Ajuntaments. En aquests moments existeixen aproximadament 200 d'aquests cossos. Cada Policia Local, també denominat en alguns municipis Policia Municipal (per exemple al Vendrell) o Guàrdia Urbana (per ex. a Barcelona o Reus), és un institut armat, de naturalesa civil amb estructura i organització jerarquitzada.</p> <p>Exerceixen funcions com:</p> <ul> <li>Protegir a les autoritats de les corporacions locals, i vigilància o custòdia dels seus edificis i instal·lacions.</li> </ul> <p>Ordenar, senyalitzar i dirigir el tràfic en el nucli urbà, d'acord amb el qual estableixen les normes de circulació.</p> <ul> <li>Instruir atestats per accidents de circulació dins del nucli urbà.</li> </ul> <p>Policia administrativa, quant a les ordenances, bàndols i altres disposicions municipals dins de l'àmbit de la seva competència.</p> <ul> <li>Participar en les funcions de policia judicial.</li> <li>La prestació d'auxili, en els casos d'accident, catàstrofe o calamitat pública, participant, en la forma prevista en les Lleis, en l'execució dels plans de protecció civil.</li> <li>Efectuar diligències de prevenció i quantes actuacions tendeixin a evitar comissió d'actes delictius en el marc de col·laboració establert en les juntes de seguretat.</li> <li>Vigilar els espais públics i col·laborar amb les Forces i Cossos de Seguretat de l'Estat i amb la policia de les Comunitats Autònomes la protecció de les manifestacions i el manteniment de l'ordre en grans concentracions humanes, quan siguin requerits per a això.</li> <li>Cooperar en la resolució dels conflictes privats quan siguin requerits per a això.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Els_símbols_nacionals"><span id="Els_s.C3.ADmbols_nacionals"></span>Els símbols nacionals</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADmbols_nacionals_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Símbols nacionals de Catalunya">Símbols nacionals de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya té tres símbols representatius i distintius propis anomenats estatutàriament símbols nacionals:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandera_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandera de Catalunya">bandera</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Els_Segadors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Els Segadors">himne</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diada Nacional de Catalunya">festa nacional</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Senyera_(Pl._Octavi%C3%A0,_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s)_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg/220px-Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg/220px-Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg/330px-Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg/440px-Senyera_%28Pl._Octavi%C3%A0%2C_S._Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s%29_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandera_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandera de Catalunya">Bandera de Catalunya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Blason_d%27Aragon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/170px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/170px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/255px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/340px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escut_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escut de Catalunya">Escut de Catalunya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La bandera o senyera, va sorgir de la translació del senyal de l'escut dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comte_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comte de Barcelona">comtes de Barcelona</a> a un teixit.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encara que no n'hi ha cap referència documental abans del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>, és una de les banderes més antigues d'Europa. La bandera catalana és una faixada amb cinc faixes grogues i quatre de vermelles, totes del mateix gruix.</p> <p>L'himne nacional de Catalunya és <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Els_Segadors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Els Segadors">Els Segadors</a></i>, escrit en la seva forma actual per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emili_Guanyavents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emili Guanyavents">Emili Guanyavents</a> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1899?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1899">1899</a>. La versió musical és de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesc_Ali%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Alió">Francesc Alió</a> de l'any <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1892?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1892">1892</a>. Els orígens darrere l'himne es remunten a una primitiva cançó nascuda arran dels fets històrics de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1640?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1640">1640</a> durant la guerra dels catalans contra el rei <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felip_IV_de_Castella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felip IV de Castella">Felip IV</a>, en la qual els pagesos van protagonitzar episodis importants. És oficial per llei del Parlament des del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_de_febrer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 de febrer">25 de febrer</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1993?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1993">1993</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La festa nacional de Catalunya es va constituir com a primera llei que va aprovar el Parlament restaurat de Catalunya el 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La diada nacional o Festa de Catalunya, té lloc l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_de_setembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 de setembre">11 de setembre</a>, commemorant i recordant la pèrdua de les llibertats del mateix dia de l'any <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1714?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1714">1714</a>, després del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setge_de_Barcelona_(1713-1714)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Setge de Barcelona (1713-1714)">Setge de Barcelona</a>, i alhora l'actitud de reivindicació i resistència activa enfront de l'opressió: l'esperança d'un total recobrament nacional.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Divisió_territorial_i_administrativa"><span id="Divisi.C3.B3_territorial_i_administrativa"></span>Divisió territorial i administrativa</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_territorial_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divisió territorial de Catalunya">Divisió territorial de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya s'organitza territorialment en províncies. L'Estatut d'Autonomia del 2006 estableix l'organització administrativa de Catalunya en tres ens locals: els municipis, les comarques i les vegueries.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Províncies"><span id="Prov.C3.ADncies"></span>Províncies</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/220px-Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1150"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/220px-Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/330px-Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/440px-Catalunya%2BProv%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Províncies de Catalunya">Províncies de Catalunya</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Catalunya està dividida administrativament en quatre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província">províncies</a>, l'òrgan rector de les quals és la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diputaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diputació">Diputació</a>.</p> <ul> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1262"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 26px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="23" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg/34px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg/46px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Barcelona_Province.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Barcelona">Província de Barcelona</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="1239"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="23" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg/34px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg/46px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Girona.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Girona">Província de Girona</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1239"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="23" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg/34px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg/46px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Province_of_Lleida.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Lleida">Província de Lleida</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="1260"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="23" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg/35px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg/46px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Tarragona_Province.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Tarragona">Província de Tarragona</a></li> </ul> <p>Les capitals de província són les poblacions del mateix nom: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Girona">Girona</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Municipis">Municipis</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg/220px-Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg/220px-Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg/330px-Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg/440px-Mapa_municipal_de_Catalunya.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Mapa <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipi_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Municipi de Catalunya">municipal de Catalunya</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'Estatut defineix el municipi com l'ens local bàsic i el mitjà essencial de participació de la comunitat local en els afers públics. A més, li garanteix autonomia per a l'exercici de les seves competències i la gestió dels seus interessos respectius. Hi ha a Catalunya en l'actualitat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_municipis_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de municipis de Catalunya">947 municipis</a>. Per sota d'aquests ens locals hi ha les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entitat_municipal_descentralitzada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entitat municipal descentralitzada">entitats municipals descentralitzades</a>, que també gaudeixen d'una certa autonomia tot i dependre dels municipis respectius; actualment a Catalunya n'hi ha un total de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_d%27entitats_municipals_descentralitzades_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista d'entitats municipals descentralitzades de Catalunya">58</a>.</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_municipis_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de municipis de Catalunya">Llista de municipis de Catalunya</a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Municipis amb més població de Catalunya. <small>(2020)</small> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;"><small>Pos.</small></th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;"><small>Municipi</small></th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;"><small>Comarca</small></th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;"><small>Població<sup id="cite_ref-:2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></th> <th rowspan="11"></th> <th><small>Pos.</small></th> <th><small>Municipi</small></th> <th><small>Comarca</small></th> <th><small>Població<sup id="cite_ref-:2_55-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Barcelona.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="970"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a></td> <td>1 664 182</td> <td>11</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Girona"> <noscript> <img alt="Girona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/20px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="557"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/20px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png" data-alt="Girona" data-width="20" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/30px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/40px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Girona">Girona</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giron%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gironès">Gironès</a></td> <td>103 369</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/20px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="339"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 29px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/20px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat" data-width="20" data-height="29" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/30px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/40px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</a></td> <td>269 382</td> <td>12</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="616"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Cugat_del_Vall%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Cugat del Vallès">Sant Cugat del Vallès</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès Occidental</a></td> <td>92 977</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Terrassa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Terrassa"> <noscript> <img alt="Terrassa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/20px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="841"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/20px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png" data-alt="Terrassa" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/30px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/40px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès Occidental</a></td> <td>223 627</td> <td>13</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg/19px-Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 26px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg/19px-Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="19" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg/29px-Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg/38px-Escut_de_Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornellà de Llobregat">Cornellà de Llobregat</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Llobregat">Baix Llobregat</a></td> <td>89 936</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Badalona.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Badalona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Badalona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1029"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Badalona" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Badalona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badalona">Badalona</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a></td> <td>223 166</td> <td>14</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="614"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg/29px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg/39px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Boi de Llobregat">Sant Boi de Llobregat</a></td> <td>84 500</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Sabadell.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabadell"> <noscript> <img alt="Sabadell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/20px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="841"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/20px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png" data-alt="Sabadell" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/30px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/40px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabadell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès Occidental</a></td> <td>216 520</td> <td>15</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_(Barcelona).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="616"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rub%C3%AD_%28Barcelona%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rub%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rubí">Rubí</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès Occidental</a></td> <td>78 591</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lleida"> <noscript> <img alt="Lleida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/20px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="835"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/20px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png" data-alt="Lleida" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/30px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/40px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segri%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segrià">Segrià</a></td> <td>140 403</td> <td>16</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="616"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manresa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bages">Bages</a></td> <td>78 245</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Tarragona.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tarragona"> <noscript> <img alt="Tarragona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="627"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 35px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png" data-alt="Tarragona" data-width="20" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragonès">Tarragonès</a></td> <td>136 496</td> <td>17</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="616"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilanova i la Geltrú">Vilanova i la Geltrú</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garraf">Garraf</a></td> <td>67 733</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Mataró"> <noscript> <img alt="Mataró" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/20px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="975"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/20px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png" data-alt="Mataró" data-width="20" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/30px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/40px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matar%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mataró">Mataró</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Maresme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="El Maresme">El Maresme</a></td> <td>129 661</td> <td>18</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg/20px-Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg/20px-Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg/30px-Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg/40px-Blason_ville_es_Castelldefels.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castelldefels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castelldefels">Castelldefels</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Llobregat">Baix Llobregat</a></td> <td>67 460</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet"> <noscript> <img alt="Santa Coloma de Gramenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/20px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1082"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/20px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png" data-alt="Santa Coloma de Gramenet" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/30px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/40px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a></td> <td>120 443</td> <td>19</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_de_Viladecans.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Viladecans.svg/20px-Escut_de_Viladecans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="975"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Viladecans.svg/20px-Escut_de_Viladecans.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Viladecans.svg/30px-Escut_de_Viladecans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Viladecans.svg/40px-Escut_de_Viladecans.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viladecans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viladecans">Viladecans</a></td> <td>67 197</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Reus"> <noscript> <img alt="Reus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg/19px-Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg/19px-Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg.png" data-alt="Reus" data-width="19" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg/29px-Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg/39px-Escut_her%C3%A0ldic_de_Reus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reus">Reus</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Camp">Baix Camp</a></td> <td>106 168</td> <td>20</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"> <noscript> <img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg/20px-Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="975"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg/20px-Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg.png" data-alt="Escut de Barcelona" data-width="20" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg/30px-Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg/40px-Escut_del_Prat_de_Llobregat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Prat_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Prat de Llobregat">El Prat de Llobregat</a></td> <td>65 385</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Vegueries">Vegueries</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegueria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vegueria">Vegueria</a> </div> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegueria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vegueria">vegueria</a>, una nova divisió territorial, es defineix com un àmbit territorial específic per a l'exercici del govern intermunicipal i de cooperació local amb personalitat jurídica pròpia, i és la divisió territorial que ha adoptat la Generalitat, d'acord amb l'Estatut del 2006, per a l'organització territorial dels seus serveis. També gaudeix d'autonomia per a la gestió dels seus interessos. L'administració de les vegueries correspon als Consells de Vegueries que van substituir les diputacions.</p> <p>Actualment hi ha vuit vegueries:</p> <ul> <li>vegueria de l'<b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Pirineu_i_Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Pirineu i Aran">Alt Pirineu</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alta_Ribagor%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alta Ribagorça">Alta Ribagorça</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Urgell">Alt Urgell</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baixa_Cerdanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baixa Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallars_Juss%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallars Jussà">Pallars Jussà</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallars_Sobir%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallars Sobirà">Pallars Sobirà</a>;</li> <li>vegueria de <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Llobregat">Baix Llobregat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maresme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maresme">Maresme</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Oriental">Vallès Oriental</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès Occidental</a>;</li> <li>vegueria del <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp de Tarragona">Camp de Tarragona</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragonès">Tarragonès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Camp">Alt Camp</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Camp">Baix Camp</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conca_de_Barber%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conca de Barberà">Conca de Barberà</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priorat">Priorat</a>;</li> <li>vegueria de <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_gironines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comarques gironines">Girona</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Empordà">Alt Empordà</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Empordà">Baix Empordà</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garrotxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garrotxa">Garrotxa</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giron%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gironès">Gironès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pla_de_l%27Estany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pla de l'Estany">Pla de l'Estany</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selva">Selva</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripoll%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripollès">Ripollès</a>;</li> <li>vegueria <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya Central">Central</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bages">Bages</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bergued%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berguedà">Berguedà</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moian%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moianès">Moianès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osona">Osona</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solson%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solsonès">Solsonès</a>;</li> <li>vegueria de <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ponent_(regi%C3%B3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ponent (regió)">Lleida</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garrigues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garrigues">Garrigues</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noguera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noguera">Noguera</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segarra">Segarra</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segri%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segrià">Segrià</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pla_d%27Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pla d'Urgell">Pla d'Urgell</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urgell">Urgell</a>;</li> <li>vegueria de les <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terres_de_l%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terres de l'Ebre">Terres de l'Ebre</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Ebre">Baix Ebre</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montsi%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montsià">Montsià</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ribera_d%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ribera d'Ebre">Ribera d'Ebre</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terra_Alta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terra Alta">Terra Alta</a>;</li> <li>vegueria del <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penedès">Penedès</a></b>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Penedès">Alt Penedès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anoia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anoia">Anoia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Penedès">Baix Penedès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garraf">Garraf</a>.</li> <li>També hi ha la regió històrica de l’<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Ter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Ter">Alt Ter</a> que històricament ha conformat les comarques d’Osona, el Lluçanès i el Ripollès. Aquesta regió ha estat reclamada perquè sigui una futura vegueria.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Comarques">Comarques</h4> </div> <table class="infobox bordered" style="width:10em; text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"> <caption style="font-size: larger;"> <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comarques de Catalunya">Comarques de Catalunya</a></b> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="float: right; clear: right;"> <div style="position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg/600px-CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="426" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="764"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 426px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg/600px-CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg.png" data-width="600" data-height="426" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg/900px-CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg/1200px-CataloniaInEurope_actualitzat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:190px; top: 232px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anoia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anoia">Anoia</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:214px; top: 200px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bages">Bages</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:150px; top: 204px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segarra">Segarra</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:170px; top: 152px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solson%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solsonès">Solsonès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:130px; top: 248px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conca_de_Barber%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conca de Barberà">Conca<br> de Barberà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:242px; top: 148px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llu%C3%A7an%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lluçanès">Lluçanès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:246px; top: 188px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moian%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moianès">Moianès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:282px; top: 160px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osona">Osona</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:218px; top: 132px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bergued%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berguedà">Berguedà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:210px; top: 92px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baixa_Cerdanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baixa Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:158px; top: 104px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Urgell">Alt Urgell</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:138px; top: 52px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallars_Sobir%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallars Sobirà">Pallars<br> Sobirà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:86px; top: 20px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall<br> d'Aran</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:90px; top: 68px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alta_Ribagor%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alta Ribagorça">Alta<br> Ribagorça</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:98px; top: 116px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallars_Juss%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallars Jussà">Pallars<br> Jussà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:98px; top: 168px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noguera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noguera">Noguera</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:126px; top: 224px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urgell">Urgell</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:94px; top: 208px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pla_d%27Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pla d'Urgell">Pla<br> d'Urgell</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:50px; top: 228px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segri%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segrià">Segrià</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:82px; top: 252px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garrigues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garrigues">Garrigues</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:202px; top: 252px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Penedès">Alt<br> Penedès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:234px; top: 272px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Llobregat">Baix<br> Llobregat</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:274px; top: 260px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:246px; top: 232px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Occidental">Vallès<br> Occidental</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:298px; top: 232px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maresme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maresme">Maresme</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:278px; top: 216px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès Oriental">Vallès Oriental</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:262px; top: 104px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripoll%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripollès">Ripollès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:310px; top: 116px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garrotxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garrotxa">Garrotxa</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:354px; top: 96px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Empordà">Alt Empordà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:342px; top: 128px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pla_de_l%27Estany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pla de l'Estany">Pla de<br> l'Estany</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:338px; top: 160px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giron%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gironès">Gironès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:322px; top: 188px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selva">Selva</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:382px; top: 160px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Empord%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Empordà">Baix<br> Empordà</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:210px; top: 296px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garraf">Garraf</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:166px; top: 280px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Penedès">Baix<br> Penedès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:134px; top: 304px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragonès">Tarragonès</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:130px; top: 276px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Camp">Alt<br> Camp</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:102px; top: 304px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Camp">Baix<br> Camp</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:82px; top: 288px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priorat">Priorat</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:54px; top: 308px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ribera_d%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ribera d'Ebre">Ribera<br> d'Ebre</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:26px; top: 308px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terra_Alta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terra Alta">Terra<br> Alta</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:34px; top: 356px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baix_Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baix Ebre">Baix Ebre</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:26px; top: 388px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montsi%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montsià">Montsià</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:322px; top: 48px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França"><i style="color: #0b9300">França</i></a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:194px; top: 52px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra"><i style="color: #0b9300">Andorra</i></a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:34px; top: 128px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aragó"><i style="color: #0b9300">Aragó</i></a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:2px; top: 412px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià"><i style="color: #0b9300">País Valencià</i></a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left:214px; top: 360px;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrània"><i style="color: #48A3B5">Mar Mediterrània</i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Finalment, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comarques de Catalunya">comarques</a> són entitats integrades per municipis per a la gestió de les seves competències i serveis locals. L'actual divisió comarcal té el seu origen en un decret de la Generalitat de Catalunya de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1936?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1936">1936</a> en vigència fins al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a> quan seria suprimida pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franquisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franquisme">franquisme</a>. El 1987 la Generalitat tornà a adoptar aquesta divisió territorial i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1988?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1988">1988</a> s'hi afegiren tres noves comarques, afegint-ne una més el 2015, i una altra el 2023. Actualment n'hi ha 43.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'Aran"><span id="L.27Aran"></span>L'Aran</h4> </div> <p>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Aran</a>, considerada des del 21 de gener de 2015 com a entitat territorial singular i realitat nacional occitana per la nova <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llei_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llei d'Aran">Llei d'Aran</a>, disposa d'un règim jurídic especial amb autonomia per ordenar i gestionar els afers públics del seu territori. La seva institució de govern és el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell_General_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consell General d'Aran">Conselh Generau</a></i>, format pel <i>Síndic</i>, el <i>Plen des Conselhèrs e Conselhères Generaus</i> i la <i>Oïdoria de Compdes</i>. El síndic hi és la més alta representació i l'ordinària de la Generalitat a l'Aran. La llengua pròpia de l'Aran és l'occità, anomenat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">aranès</a> a la vall, que també és oficial a Catalunya.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia de Catalunya">Economia de Catalunya</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Indicadors_econòmics"><span id="Indicadors_econ.C3.B2mics"></span>Indicadors econòmics</h3> </div> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"> <caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color: #d9b38c"> <span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula economia país"> <noscript> <img alt="Infotaula economia país" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linecons_banknote.svg/25px-Linecons_banknote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linecons_banknote.svg/25px-Linecons_banknote.svg.png" data-alt="Infotaula economia país" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linecons_banknote.svg/38px-Linecons_banknote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linecons_banknote.svg/50px-Linecons_banknote.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span>Economia </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/270px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1194"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/270px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg" data-width="270" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/405px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg/540px-NASA_Satellite_Catalonia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mapa geogràfic de Catalunya <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Moneda</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P38" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #d9b38c">Estadístiques</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">PIB nominal</th> <td class="infobox-data">170 450 milions d'euros</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RNB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="RNB">RNB</a> per càpita</th> <td class="infobox-data">n/a</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_d%27atur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa d'atur">Taxa d'atur</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">13,4% (2017)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndex_de_Desenvolupament_Hum%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Índex de Desenvolupament Humà">IDH</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">0,904 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1081" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> (2016) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23P1081" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #d9b38c">Socis comercials</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#eeeeee; text-align:left">Exportacions</th> <td style="text-align:left">42 087 milions d'euros <p><br></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#eeeeee; text-align:left">Importacions</th> <td style="text-align:left">67 748 milions d'euros <p><br></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #d9b38c"><small>Nota: dades monetàries en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dòlar dels Estats Units">dòlars (US$)</a></small><br></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Catalunya és un país de tradició industrial des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. En l'actualitat la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indústria">indústria</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turisme">turisme</a> i els serveis són els principals sectors econòmics de Catalunya. El creixement mitjà anual del període <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995</a>-<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> en termes reals va ser inferior a la mitjana espanyola. No obstant això, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a> va créixer un 3,3 %, el mateix percentatge que la mitjana espanyola i per damunt la mitjana europea. Segons les mateixes fonts, Catalunya es troba a la quarta posició de la classificació de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunitat_aut%C3%B2noma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunitat autònoma">comunitats</a> segons llur <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Producte_Interior_Brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Producte Interior Brut">Producte Interior Brut</a> per capita en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paritat_de_poder_adquisitiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paritat de poder adquisitiu">paritat de poder adquisitiu</a> i aporta el 18,8 % del PIB total d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a>, 25,5 % del sector industrial del PIB i el 17,5 % del sector dels serveis.<sup id="cite_ref-facts_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-facts-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Durant el 2008, el creixement del PIB de Catalunya ha anat minvant de forma molt clara, passant del 3,6 % d'evolució interanual durant el 2007, a 2,5 % el primer trimestre i a 1,5 % el segon trimestre.</p> <p>Com a percentatge del total espanyol, les exportacions d'alta tecnologia de Catalunya representaren, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a>, el 34,6 %. El mateix any les importacions de Catalunya van representar el 29 % del total espanyol i les exportacions el 26,8 %. De les despeses per a la recerca i el desenvolupament de l'Estat, el 22,8 % es van realitzar a Catalunya.</p> <p>Catalunya és la primera destinació turística d'Espanya; el 2005 va rebre 13,2 milions de turistes entre gener i novembre, equivalent al 25,3 % de tots els turistes que van arribar a Espanya, un increment del 12,7 % en un any. Les principals destinacions turístiques de Catalunya són la ciutat de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> i les platges de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Brava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Brava">Costa Brava</a>, les platges de Costa Barcelona des de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matar%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mataró">Mataró</a> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilanova i la Geltrú">Vilanova i la Geltrú</a> i les platges de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Daurada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Daurada">Costa Daurada</a> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>, així com els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus">Pirineus</a> amb 10 estacions d'esquí: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaqu%C3%A8ira-Beret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaquèira-Beret">Vaquèira-Beret</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Molina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Molina">La Molina</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espot_Esqu%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espot Esquí">Espot Esquí</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Masella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Masella">La Masella</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_Ain%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Ainé">Port Ainé</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_de_N%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall de Núria">Vall de Núria</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C3%AD_Ta%C3%BCll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Boí Taüll">Boí Taüll</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_del_Comte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port del Comte">Port del Comte</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rasos_de_Peguera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rasos de Peguera">Rasos de Peguera</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tavascan_Pleta_del_Prat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavascan Pleta del Prat">Tavascan Pleta del Prat</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vallter_2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallter 2000">Vallter 2000</a>.</p> <p>El preu de l'habitatge a Catalunya és el segon més alt d'Espanya, després de Madrid. El 2005 es pagaven 3397 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euros</a> per metre quadrat. No obstant això, per ciutat, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> és la ciutat més cara d'Espanya, amb un preu mitja de 3700 euros el metre quadrat.</p> <p>Des del punt de vista financer, cal destacar la tradició i èxit de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caixes_d%27estalvis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caixes d'estalvis">caixes d'estalvis</a> nascudes a Catalunya, major, fins i tot, que els bancs privats. De les 46 caixes d'estalvis espanyoles, 10 són catalanes. Destaquen, especialment, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caixa_de_Pensions_de_Catalunya_i_Balears?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caixa de Pensions de Catalunya i Balears">La Caixa</a>, la primera caixa d'estalvis d'Europa i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caixa_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caixa Catalunya">Caixa Catalunya</a>. Dels bancs, el més important de Catalunya és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banc_de_Sabadell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Banc de Sabadell">Banc de Sabadell</a>, el quart grup bancari més gran de l'Estat.</p> <p>En <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Octubre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Octubre">octubre</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017">2017</a> es va anunciar que més de 3.000 empreses davant del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_independentista_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procés independentista català">Procés independentista català</a> es <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuita_de_seus_socials_de_Catalunya_de_2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuita de seus socials de Catalunya de 2017">plantejaren traslladar</a> la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seu_social?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seu social">seu social</a> a fora de Catalunya,<sup id="cite_ref-20_minutos_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20_minutos-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que alguns diaris compararen amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Efecte_Mont-real&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Efecte Mont-real (encara no existeix)">efecte Mont-real</a> que succeí al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canad%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canadà">Canadà</a><sup id="cite_ref-quebec_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-quebec-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> però només unes 300 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empresa">empreses</a> (un 12% de les que van iniciar el procés) han seguit tots els passos perquè el trasllat sigui efectiu.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_59-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta marxa va començar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_d%27octubre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 d'octubre">5 d'octubre</a> quan CaixaBank i Banc Sabadell van anunciar que canviarien la seu social a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palma">Palma</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alacant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alacant">Alacant</a>, respectivament.<sup id="cite_ref-r_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-r-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finalment CaixaBank va traslladar la seva seu a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Val%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="València">València</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-definitiu_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-definitiu-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per tal de facilitar aquests trasllats, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Govern_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govern d'Espanya">Govern d'Espanya</a> va aprovar un decret llei específic.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abans de les declaracions per part d'aquestes dues entitats financeres, l'empresa <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biotecnologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biotecnologia">biotecnològica</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oryzon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oryzon (encara no existeix)">Oryzon</a> ja havia traslladat la seva seu fora de Catalunya a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r_61-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-r-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El president del comitè d'empresa de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SEAT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SEAT">SEAT</a> va denunciar pressions polítiques i monàrquiques per motivar-la a canviar la seu.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paral·lelament i contrari a la fuita de seus, durant aquest període, unes 132 empreses de fora de Catalunya anunciaren el trasllat per tal de portar la seva seu social a Catalunya.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Atur">Atur</h4> </div> <p>La taxa d'atur era del 9,3% a finals del 2023, per sota de la mitjana espanyola.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Taxa d'atur <span style="font-weight:normal;">(en %)</span> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>2006</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2016</th> <th>2017</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2020</th> <th>2021</th> <th>2022</th> <th>2023</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">6,5%</td> <td align="right">6,5%</td> <td align="right">8,9%</td> <td align="right">16,2%</td> <td align="right">17,7%</td> <td align="right">19,2%</td> <td align="right">22,5%</td> <td align="right">23,1%</td> <td align="right">20,3%</td> <td align="right">18,6%</td> <td align="right">15,7%</td> <td align="right">13,4%</td> <td align="right">11,5%</td> <td align="right">11%</td> <td align="right">12,6%</td> <td align="right">11,7%</td> <td align="right">10%</td> <td align="right">9,3%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Infraestructura">Infraestructura</h3> </div> <p>Catalunya està ben comunicada tant per terra, mar i aire. Per a accedir per terra existeix una àmplia xarxa d'autopistes i carreteres i la xarxa de trens.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Aeroports">Aeroports</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Terminal_B.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Terminal_B.JPG/220px-Terminal_B.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Terminal_B.JPG/220px-Terminal_B.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Terminal_B.JPG/330px-Terminal_B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Terminal_B.JPG/440px-Terminal_B.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Fotografia de la Terminal T2B de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_del_Prat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroport del Prat">Aeroport del Prat</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_Internacional_de_Barcelona_-_El_Prat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroport Internacional de Barcelona - El Prat">Aeroport Internacional de Barcelona – El Prat</a>, situat a quinze quilòmetres de Barcelona, és el més important de Catalunya i el segon d'Espanya. L'aeroport disposa de dues grans terminals, la T1 i la T2, amb una capacitat per a més de 55 milions de passatgers a l'any.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_de_Girona-Costa_Brava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava">Aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava</a>, utilitzat especialment per les companyies de baix cost, és la base del trasllat de turistes a la Costa Brava.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_de_Reus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroport de Reus">Aeroport de Reus</a>, orientat al turisme de la província de Tarragona. A poc més d'una hora de Barcelona.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_de_Sabadell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroport de Sabadell">Aeroport de Sabadell</a>, no té vols comercials però admet aviació executiva.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_de_Lleida-Alguaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroport de Lleida-Alguaire">Aeroport de Lleida-Alguaire</a>, inaugurat el 2010.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_de_la_Seu_d%27Urgell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroport de la Seu d'Urgell">Aeroport de la Seu d'Urgell</a>, tancat el 1984 i reobert el 2010.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ports">Ports</h4> </div> <p>Els dos principals ports de Catalunya, tant pel transport de passatgers com de mercaderies són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port de Barcelona">Port de Barcelona</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port de Tarragona">Port de Tarragona</a> que, a més, són considerats dos dels ports més importants d'Espanya i del Mediterrani.</p> <p>A part, el litoral català té una gran quantitat de ports, tant de pescadors com d'esportius.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Xarxa_viària"><span id="Xarxa_vi.C3.A0ria"></span>Xarxa viària</h4> </div> <dl> <dd> <i>Vegeu també: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_carreteres_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de carreteres de Catalunya">Llista de carreteres de Catalunya</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_d%27autopistes_i_autovies_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista d'autopistes i autovies de Catalunya">Llista d'autopistes i autovies de Catalunya</a></i> </dd> </dl> <p>A Catalunya hi ha 12 000 quilòmetres de vies per al trànsit d'automòbils, tot i que 10 843 d'aquests quilòmetres corresponen a carreteres de calçada única. 962 són d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autopista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autopista">autopistes</a> (665 amb peatge i 307 lliures de pagament). D'aquests 12 000 quilòmetres, 5600 corresponen a carreteres la titularitat de les quals és de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 4400 a les diputacions provincials i 1955 al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministeri_de_Foment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministeri de Foment">Ministeri de Foment</a> de l'Administració central.</p> <p>L'estructura de les autopistes està centralitzada cap a Barcelona. La principal autopista és l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AP-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-7">AP-7</a>, coneguda com a "Autopista del Mediterrani", que travessa Catalunya unint, per un costat, Barcelona amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Jonquera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Jonquera">La Jonquera</a>, passant per Girona, i Barcelona amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Val%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="València">València</a>, passant per Tarragona. L'AP-7 té un desviament que uneix <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molins_de_Rei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molins de Rei">Molins de Rei</a> amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montmel%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montmeló">Montmeló</a>, evitant passar per Barcelona ciutat. Aquesta carretera, la B-30, és el tercer cinturó de Barcelona i va de nord a sud del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès">Vallès</a>. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AP-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-2">AP-2</a>, que uneix Barcelona amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saragossa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saragossa">Saragossa</a>, passant per Lleida, és la segona autopista en trànsit de vehicles. La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C-32?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C-32">C-32</a>, també coneguda com a "Autopista Pau Casals", uneix Barcelona amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Vendrell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Vendrell">El Vendrell</a> amb túnels que eviten el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Natural_del_Garraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Natural del Garraf">Parc Natural del Garraf</a>. Amb una longitud total de 56,3 quilòmetres, la C-32 és l'autopista més cara d'Europa perquè té dos peatges. L'autopista de pagament de Barcelona a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palafolls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palafolls">Palafolls</a> també s'anomena C-32 tot i que és coneguda com a "Autopista del Maresme". Finalment, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C-25?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="C-25">C-25</a> uneix <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riudellots_de_la_Selva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riudellots de la Selva">Riudellots de la Selva</a> (Girona) amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cervera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cervera">Cervera</a> (Lleida) evitant Barcelona. Té 153 quilòmetres i és coneguda com a "Eix Transversal". La C-15, coneguda com a Eix Diagonal, uneix <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a> amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilanova i la Geltrú">Vilanova i la Geltrú</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrània">mar Mediterrània</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ferrocarril">Ferrocarril</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xarxa_ferrovi%C3%A0ria_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xarxa ferroviària de Catalunya">Xarxa ferroviària de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya va ser el primer territori de la península en tenir <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrocarril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrocarril">ferrocarril</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_d%27octubre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 d'octubre">28 d'octubre</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848">1848</a>, quan es va inaugurar la línia entre Barcelona i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matar%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mataró">Mataró</a>, d'una distància de 28,4 km. Els anys següents, abans de l'entrada del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, es van construir més de 1000 quilòmetres de via (quasi el 80 % de les vies actuals), amb diverses rutes entre les principals ciutats catalanes i Barcelona. La majoria de les vies van ser finançades pel capital privat d'industrials que volien agilitzar el transport de les seves mercaderies fins a la gran ciutat.</p> <p>Actualment, tot i que s'han modernitzat els trens, la xarxa viària segueix sent pràcticament la mateixa que fa cent anys, amb una estructura molt centralitzada cap a Barcelona. Les dues rutes principals són la de la costa, que uneix França i el País Valencià pel litoral català, i la ruta cap a Saragossa, que uneix Barcelona amb Lleida passat per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg/220px-Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1221"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg/220px-Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg/330px-Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg/440px-Barcelona.Estacio.Sants.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3_de_Sants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estació de Sants">Estació de Sants</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les propietàries de les línies ferroviàries de Catalunya són l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ADIF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ADIF">ADIF</a> i els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrocarrils_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya">Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya</a>. Operen a Catalunya les operadores <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Nacional_de_los_Ferrocarriles_Espa%C3%B1oles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles">Renfe</a> i FGC.</p> <p>Està en servei completament la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LAV_Madrid_-_Saragossa_-_Barcelona_-_Frontera_Francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LAV Madrid - Saragossa - Barcelona - Frontera Francesa">línia d'alta velocitat Madrid - Barcelona - Frontera francesa</a>. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alta_Velocidad_Espa%C3%B1ola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta Velocidad Española">AVE</a> va arribar a Catalunya el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> amb la inauguració del tram fins a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lleida">Lleida</a>. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a> va arribar al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3_de_Camp_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estació de Camp de Tarragona">Camp de Tarragona</a>, el 2008 a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3_de_Sants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estació de Sants">estació de Sants</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013">2013</a> fins a la frontera amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, on connecta amb la xarxa francesa d'alta velocitat. Actualment les quatre capitals provincials i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Figueres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Figueres">Figueres</a> tenen estacions amb serveis d'alta velocitat, que uneixen Catalunya amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A0laga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Màlaga">Màlaga</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sevilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Par%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="París">París</a> i altres ciutats franceses.</p> <p>D'altra banda, el govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya va anunciar el desembre del 2005 un pla per a construir 1.100 quilòmetres de noves línies, 300 en vies convencionals i 800 en vies d'alta velocitat, que uniran les principals ciutats catalanes de forma transversal. El pla suposarà la inversió de 25.000 milions d'euros entre el 2006 i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2026?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2026">2026</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Altres_transports_públics"><span id="Altres_transports_p.C3.BAblics"></span>Altres transports públics</h4> </div> <p>L'única xarxa de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metro">metro</a> de Catalunya és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metro_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metro de Barcelona">Metro de Barcelona</a> que comunica entre si les ciutats de Barcelona, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">l'Hospitalet de Llobregat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornellà de Llobregat">Cornellà de Llobregat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Badalona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badalona">Badalona</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Boi_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Boi de Llobregat">Sant Boi de Llobregat</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montcada_i_Reixac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montcada i Reixac">Montcada i Reixac</a>. Actualment hi ha onze línies en marxa comptant les que gestiona <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TMB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TMB">TMB</a> i les de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FGC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FGC">FGC</a>. A la província de Barcelona també s'hi pot trobar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tramvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tramvia">tramvia</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trambaix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trambaix">Trambaix</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trambes%C3%B2s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trambesòs">Trambesòs</a>) i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bicing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bicing">Bicing</a>, un sistema de lloguer de bicicletes.</p> <p>Pel que fa a la xarxa catalana d'autobusos, Catalunya té més de 300 línies d'autobús urbà i interurbà, segons dades de la Generalitat del 2010. Les línies d'autobús interurbà amb més demanda a Catalunya, formaran la xarxa d'autobusos interurbans <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expr%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exprés">Exprés</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geografia_humana_i_societat">Geografia humana i societat</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demografia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demografia de Catalunya">Demografia de Catalunya</a> </div> <table class="infobox" style="toc: 25em; font-size: 85%; lucida grande, sans-serif; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" align="center"><big>Demografia de Catalunya</big></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Diada de Sant Jordi, Plaça Catalunya"> <noscript> <img alt="Diada de Sant Jordi, Plaça Catalunya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG/200px-Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG/200px-Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG" data-alt="Diada de Sant Jordi, Plaça Catalunya" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG/300px-Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG/400px-Spain.Barcelona.Diada.Sant.Jordi.Plaza.Catalunya.05.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><i><small>Diada de Sant Jordi, Plaça Catalunya</small></i></td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Població</th> <td valign="top" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7.747.709 (2022)</td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="right" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Estimació a 1 novembre 2023</th> <td valign="top" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8.005.784</td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_creixement_poblacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa de creixement poblacional">Taxa de creixement natural</a></th> <td valign="top">1,03% (2021)</td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_natalitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxa de natalitat">Taxa de natalitat</a></th> <td valign="top" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7,55/1.000 (2020)</td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_mortalitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxa de mortalitat">Taxa de mortalitat</a></th> <td valign="top">8,95/1.000 (2021)</td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Taxa de mortalitat infantil</th> <td valign="top" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2,10/1.000 <small>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a_de_vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperança de vida">Esperança de vida</a></th> <td valign="top">83,58 anys <small>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th valign="top" align="left" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Gentilici</th> <td valign="top" style="background:#f0f0f0;">català/ na</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" align="center">Dades de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/tema/xifpo">Idescat</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>La població catalana en l'actualitat supera els 8 milions d'habitants.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segons l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a> la població estimada de Catalunya a novembre de 2023 era de 8.005.784 habitants, el 16,5% del total de la població espanyola. D'aquests, 1.271.810 o el 16,3% eren estrangers, el 20% del total d'estrangers que habiten a Espanya. El 2021 Aproximadament 1,64 milions viuen a la capital, la ciutat de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> (el 21,1% de la població de Catalunya); i 3,3 milions viuen a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rea_metropolitana_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àrea metropolitana de Barcelona">àrea metropolitana de Barcelona</a> (el 42,6% de la població total de Catalunya), fent-la una de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rea_metropolitana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àrea metropolitana">àrees metropolitanes</a> més grans d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per contra, les zones més despoblades de Catalunya són les comarques pirinenques.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Poblacio-cat.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Poblacio-cat.jpg/220px-Poblacio-cat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="266"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 185px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Poblacio-cat.jpg/220px-Poblacio-cat.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Poblacio-cat.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Evolució de la població de Catalunya en termes absoluts (barres) i en relació amb la població total d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> (línia) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_(2006).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg/220px-Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="377"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg/220px-Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg/330px-Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg/440px-Densitat_poblaci%C3%B3_comarques_catalanes-absolut_%282006%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Densitat de població absoluta de les comarques catalanes </figcaption> </figure> <p>Al voltant de 2,5 milions de persones viuen en un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radi_(Geometria)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi (Geometria)">radi</a> de 25 km des de la capital. Dins la primera corona metropolitana es troben ciutats com ara l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hospitalet_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitalet de Llobregat">Hospitalet de Llobregat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Badalona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badalona">Badalona</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell%C3%A0_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornellà de Llobregat">Cornellà</a>. Les principals poblacions de la segona corona són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabadell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montcada_i_Reixac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montcada i Reixac">Montcada i Reixac</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granollers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granollers">Granollers</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martorell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martorell">Martorell</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molins_de_Rei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molins de Rei">Molins de Rei</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Feliu_de_Llobregat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Feliu de Llobregat">Sant Feliu de Llobregat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gav%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gavà">Gavà</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castelldefels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castelldefels">Castelldefels</a>.</p> <p>Catalunya ha rebut diverses onades d'immigrants al llarg del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900">1900</a> la població de Catalunya era de dos milions d'habitants. En la dècada de 1960 ja comptava amb més de cinc milions d'habitants; aquest creixement no només va ser a causa de l'explosió demogràfica natural ans també al gran contingent migratori des de diverses regions d'Espanya, especialment d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andalusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BArcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Múrcia">Múrcia</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extremadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>. Una segona onada migratòria hi va arribar des de principis de la dècada de 1990, aquesta vegada no només d'altres regions d'Espanya sinó de l'estranger.</p> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_natalitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxa de natalitat">taxa de natalitat</a>, era de 7,55/1.000 <small>(2020)</small> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_mortalitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxa de mortalitat">taxa de mortalitat</a>, 8,95/1.000 <small>(2021)</small>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_creixement_poblacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa de creixement poblacional">taxa de creixement poblacional</a> era del 1,03% <small>(2021)</small>. Pel que fa a la piràmide d'edats, el grup més nombrós es troba entre els 40 i 60 anys, i com és el cas de la majoria de les societats europees benestants, es percep un envelliment substancial de la població (és a dir, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cohort_(estad%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cohort (estadística)">cohort</a> d'ancians cada vegada és major)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i alhora un increment en l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a_de_vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperança de vida">esperança de vida</a>, que arriba als 83,6 anys <small>(2023)</small>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_68-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religió"><span id="Religi.C3.B3"></span>Religió</h3> </div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 606.67925626074px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 252.57116894473px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 132.31967989222px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 38.867781852942px; border-left-color:DarkGrey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGrey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGrey"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:69.816541899347px 71.593648302183px 0 0; border-top-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:65.183372530088px 75.836191528872px 0 0; border-top-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:58.778525229247px 80.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:18.738131458572px 98.228725072869px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religió a Catalunya (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Barometer2020_73-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barometer2020-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Catòlica">Església Catòlica</a> (53.0%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantisme">Protestantisme</a> (7.0%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Ortodoxa">Església Ortodoxa</a> (1.3%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Turquoise; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Testimonis_de_Jehov%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Testimonis de Jehovà">Testimonis de Jehovà</a> (1.0%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:DarkGrey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateisme">Ateisme</a> (18.6%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agnosticisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agnosticisme">Agnosticisme</a> (8.8%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Islam</a> (4.3%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Altres Religions (3.4%) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> No contesta/no ho sap (2.6%) </div> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%B3_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religió a Catalunya">Religió a Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Històricament, tota la població catalana era cristiana, concretament catòlica, però des de la dècada del 1980 hi ha hagut una tendència de declivi del cristianisme. No obstant això, segons el darrer estudi fet pel govern de Catalunya, el 2020, el 62,3% dels catalans s'identifiquen com a cristians (enfront del 61,9% del 2016<sup id="cite_ref-Barometer2016_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barometer2016-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i el 56,5% del 2014),<sup id="cite_ref-Barometer20142_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barometer20142-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dels quals el 53,0% són catòlics, el 7,0% <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moviment_evang%C3%A8lic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moviment evangèlic">evangèlics</a>, l'1,3% <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme_ortodox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme ortodox">cristians ortodoxos</a> i l'1,0% <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Testimonis_de_Jehov%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Testimonis de Jehovà">testimonis de Jehovà</a>. Alhora, el 18,6% de la població s'identifica com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateisme">ateu</a>, el 8,8% com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agnosticisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agnosticisme">agnòstic</a>, el 4,3% com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musulm%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musulmà">musulmà</a> i un altre 3,4% com d'altres religions.<sup id="cite_ref-Barometer2020_73-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barometer2020-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Llengua">Llengua</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Articles principals: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">Català</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_la_llengua_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Història de la llengua catalana">Història de la llengua catalana</a> </div> <p>La llengua pròpia de Catalunya és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">català</a>, excepte a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall d'Aran</a> on ho és l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">aranès</a>. Tant el català com el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a>, llengua oficial de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Estat espanyol</a>, són oficials en tot el territori. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_occitana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua occitana">occità</a>, denominat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">aranès</a> a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall d'Aran</a>, és també oficial a Catalunya. Generalment els catalans són bilingües i parlen les dues llengües principals encara que difereixen respecte a l'idioma que tenen per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_materna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua materna">llengua materna</a>. Segons les dades de 2018, el 99,5 % dels catalans sap parlar castellà mentre que el 81,2 % sap parlar català.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A més, l'ús per cada parlant d'un o un altre idioma depèn amb freqüència de l'àmbit social en el qual s'expressi. Segons les dades de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a>, el 36 % dels catalans utilitza el català com a llengua habitual, el 48,6 % el castellà, el 7,4 % ambdues i el 0,03 % l'aranès. El 7,1 % de la població resident de Catalunya utilitza habitualment altres llengües. L'aranès és la llengua inicial del 21,4 % de la població de la Vall d'Aran, la pròpia del 24,7 % i l'habitual del 19,7 %.<sup id="cite_ref-idescat_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-idescat-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png/204px-Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png" decoding="async" width="204" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2976"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 204px;height: 202px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png/204px-Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png" data-width="204" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png/306px-Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png/408px-Coneixement_del_catal%C3%A0_per_comarques_2011.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Coneixement del català per comarques l'any 2011. <small>(Font: IDESCAT).</small> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;"> </span> 61-70% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#091F92; color:white;"> </span> 71-80% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#122562; color:white;"> </span> +81% </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Catalunya es parlen els dos blocs principals de la llengua catalana. L'oriental inclou el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Català central">dialecte central</a>, majoritari, que es parla a les comarques del nord de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Tarragona">Tarragona</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Girona">Girona</a>, en la regió pirinenca de la qual apareixen ja trets de català septentrional. L'occidental és el propi de les comarques occidentals de Catalunya (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Lleida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província de Lleida">Lleida</a> i sud de les tarragonines) i mostra trets similars al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valencià">valencià</a>, amb el qual forma un continu i en la intersecció del qual es troba el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0_de_transici%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencià de transició">tortosí</a>. El català és especialment preponderant fora de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rea_metropolitana_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àrea metropolitana de Barcelona">àrea metropolitana de Barcelona</a> i del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp de Tarragona">Camp de Tarragona</a>. La Generalitat ha anat desenvolupant legislació que promou i protegeix l'ús social del català.</p> <table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" rules="all" style="width:400px; float:right; margin:1em; background:#fff; border:2px solid #aaa; font-size:100%;"> <tbody> <tr style="background:#ddd;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b>Llengua inicial, 2018 Enquesta Demogràfica</b><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">Castellà</a></td> <td>3 366 200 (52,7%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">Català</a></td> <td>2 010 400 (31,5%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Ambdós idiomes</td> <td>176 400 (2,8%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aran%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aranès">Aranès</a></td> <td>2 600 (0,0%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Altres idiomes</td> <td>685 200 (10,7%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Àrab</td> <td>140 300 (1,8%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Romanès</td> <td>70 500 (1,1%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Gallec</td> <td>49 000 (0,8%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Francès</td> <td>36 000 (0,6%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Amazic</td> <td>34 400 (0,5%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rus</td> <td>31 000 (0,5%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Portuguès</td> <td>29 500 (0,5%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Italià</td> <td>28 700 (0,4%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Xinès</td> <td>27 300 (0,4%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Anglès</td> <td>23 900 (0,4%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Alemany</td> <td>16 700 (0,3%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Altres</td> <td>197 900 (3,1%)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total població de més de 15 anys</th> <th>6 386 600 (100,0%)</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a> que es parla a Catalunya té trets dispars, sense mostrar un dialecte específic. Alguns parlants del castellà que són originaris d'altres regions d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> mostren trets fonètics i dialectals propis de la seva terra d'origen, mentre que uns altres van neutralitzar aquests trets, sia a voluntat, per contacte amb catalanoparlants, per la influència dels mitjans de comunicació, etc. Els catalanoparlants que parlen castellà mostren algunes influències de la seva llengua materna i els seus trets són, de vegades, estereotipats com els propis dels catalans en parlar en llengua castellana. El castellà no es considera llengua pròpia de Catalunya pel seu origen, ja que va ser portat per les grans onades immigratòries del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, sobretot les dels anys 60 i 70, procedents de la resta d'Espanya, sobretot d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andalusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extremadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, i que en gran part es van concentrar a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rea_metropolitana_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àrea metropolitana de Barcelona">àrea metropolitana de Barcelona</a>.</p> <p>La comunitat immigrant o forana instal·lada a Catalunya sovint manté la seva llengua materna per comunicar-se amb els seus familiars o parlants del seu mateix idioma que resideixin també al territori. A part del castellà parlat pels immigrants procedents de la resta d'Espanya i de l'Amèrica Llatina, destaquen sobretot l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_%C3%A0rab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma àrab">àrab</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_roman%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma romanès">romanès</a>, si bé el seu nombre s'estén considerablement en moltes ciutats que, com Barcelona, amb habitants de fins a 177 nacionalitats,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostra un ampli repertori lingüístic, dels quals a més dels citats, destaca l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amazic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amazic">amazic</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma francès">francès</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_portugu%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma portuguès">portuguès</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_itali%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma italià">italià</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_alemany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma alemany">alemany</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma rus">rus</a>, i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglès">anglès</a>. L'enquesta estadística d'usos lingüístics de la <i>Generalitat</i> realitzada el 2018 revelava també la presència important de parlants de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idioma_gallec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma gallec">gallec</a>.</p> <p>El català és una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_rom%C3%A0niques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües romàniques">llengua romànica</a> parlada per més d'onze milions de persones<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnologue-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Catalunya, al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a> (tret d'algunes comarques de l'interior), les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illes_Balears?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illes Balears">Illes Balears</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franja_de_Ponent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franja de Ponent">Franja de Ponent</a> (a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aragó">Aragó</a>), la ciutat de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Alguer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Alguer">l'Alguer</a> (a l'illa de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenya">Sardenya</a>), la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_del_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya del Nord">Catalunya del Nord</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apóstofe_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ap%C3%B3stofe-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carxe">Carxe</a>, un petit territori de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BArcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Múrcia">Múrcia</a> poblat per immigrants valencians.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Carxe_81-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-El_Carxe-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El seu domini lingüístic, amb una superfície de 59 905 km² i 14.176.065 d'habitants (2017), inclou 1687 termes municipals. Com les altres llengües romàniques, el català descendeix del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llat%C3%AD_vulgar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llatí vulgar">llatí vulgar</a>, el llenguatge comú dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiga_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiga Roma">romans</a> que s'establiren a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hisp%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispània">Hispània</a> durant l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat antiga">edat antiga</a>.</p> <p>El català posseeix dos estàndards principals: el regulat per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estudis Catalans">Institut d'Estudis Catalans</a>, o estàndard general, que pren com a base l'ortografia establerta per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_i_Poch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pompeu Fabra i Poch">Pompeu Fabra i Poch</a>; i el regulat per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Valenciana_de_la_Llengua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua">Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua</a>, estàndard d'àmbit restringit, centrat en l'estandardització del valencià i que pren com a base les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normes_de_Castell%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normes de Castelló">Normes de Castelló</a>, és a dir, l'ortografia de Pompeu Fabra però més adaptada a la pronúncia del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català occidental">català occidental</a> i als trets que caracteritzen les variants <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valencià">valencianes</a>. El català té diversos dialectes (se n'han arribat a comptar fins a vint-i-un) dividits en dos grans blocs: el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català occidental">català occidental</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català oriental">català oriental</a>. Aquests dialectes presenten divergències del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Est%C3%A0ndards_del_catal%C3%A0" title="Català">català estàndard</a> pel que fa a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gramàtica">gramàtica</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fon%C3%A8tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonètica">fonètica</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A8xic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèxic">lèxic</a>. Al llarg dels darrers decennis, la majoria dels dialectes del català han rebut una forta influència de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">espanyol</a>, o del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francès">francès</a> a la Catalunya del Nord, que ha deixat empremta en forma de nou vocabulari i noves expressions, i que també ha funcionat en sentit invers.</p> <p>L'ordre estàndard de les frases és <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_SVO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua SVO">Subjecte-Verb-Objecte</a>, tot i que això pot canviar en certs tipus de frases com ara les oracions interrogatives. La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morfologia_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morfologia (lingüística)">morfologia</a> del català és similar a la de la resta de llengües romàniques, és a dir, relativament poques <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flexi%C3%B3_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexió (lingüística)">flexions</a>; dos <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A8nere_(gram%C3%A0tica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gènere (gramàtica)">gèneres</a>, cap <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cas_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cas gramatical">cas</a> (excepte en els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronom_personal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronom personal">pronoms personals</a>, on encara romanen vestigis de la declinació llatina), i una distinció entre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singular">singular</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plural">plural</a>. Els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adjectiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adjectiu">adjectius</a> van generalment darrere el substantiu que modifiquen, i també es flexionen segons el gènere i el nombre. La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pros%C3%B2dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prosòdia">prosòdia</a> presenta un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accent_pros%C3%B2dic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accent prosòdic">accent prosòdic</a> que pot ser marcat per mitjà d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accent_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Accent (lingüística)">accent gràfic</a>. La llengua té una varietat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocal">vocàlica</a> mitjana, amb vuit sons vocàlics diferents. El català també és notable pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temps_verbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#El_temps_verbal_en_catal%C3%A0" title="Temps verbal">pretèrit perfet perifràstic</a>, un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temps_verbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temps verbal">temps verbal</a> singular per la manera com es construeix.</p> <p>Al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_XIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle XIV">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span></a> ja es constata la denominació d'aquesta llengua, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denominacions_de_la_llengua_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denominacions de la llengua catalana">entre altres noms</a>, com a <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valencià">valencià</a></b>, denominació emprada sobretot al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a>. Actualment, i per evitar els conflictes potencials que es podrien utilitzar com a arma política per afeblir la llengua basant-se en aquesta doble denominació, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Valenciana_de_la_Llengua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua">Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua</a> defensa que:</p> <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#B2B7F2;">«</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style=""><i>És un fet que a Espanya hi ha dos denominacions igualment legals per a designar esta llengua: la de valencià, establerta en l'Estatut d'Autonomia de la Comunitat Valenciana, i la de català, reconeguda en els Estatuts d'Autonomia de Catalunya i les Illes Balears.</i><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#B2B7F2;">»</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>El català és una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_indoeuropea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua indoeuropea">llengua indoeuropea</a>, i pertany a la branca <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_occitanorom%C3%A0niques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües occitanoromàniques">occitanoromànica</a> de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_rom%C3%A0niques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües romàniques">llengües romàniques</a>. El català té una classificació força complexa i no exempta de polèmica (fins amb un cert rerefons <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polític">polític</a>), car comparteix moltes característiques amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a> (llengua iberoromànica), i amb l'occità i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francès">francès</a> (gal·loromàniques). És per aquest motiu que la classificació de la llengua catalana canvia segons les fonts. No obstant això, en general es considera una llengua de transició entre les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_iberorom%C3%A0niques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües iberoromàniques">llengües iberoromàniques</a> i les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_gal%C2%B7lorom%C3%A0niques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües gal·loromàniques">llengües gal·loromàniques</a>, tot i que és molt propera a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occità">occità</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Coneixement_del_català"><span id="Coneixement_del_catal.C3.A0"></span>Coneixement del català</h4> </div> <p>Segons dades del 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el 94,3 % de la població de Catalunya entén el català, el 80,4 % el sap parlar, el 82,4 % el sap llegir i el 60,4 % el sap escriure. El 2008, la llengua catalana era considerada la llengua materna del 35,4 % dels catalans,<sup id="cite_ref-materna2008_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-materna2008-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la pròpia del 46 %<sup id="cite_ref-propia2008_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-propia2008-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i la d'ús habitual del 47,6 %<sup id="cite_ref-habitual2008_88-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-habitual2008-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (els percentatges inclouen també als parlants que consideren conjuntament al castellà i al català com a llengua materna, pròpia o d'ús habitual).</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float:left; margin:0; background:#fff; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;" colspan="3">Català</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Coneixement</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Persones</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Percentatge</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">L'entén</th> <td>5 899 400</td> <td>94,3 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap parlar</th> <td>5 027 200</td> <td>80,4 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap llegir</th> <td>5 152 400</td> <td>82,4 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap escriure</th> <td>3 776 300</td> <td>60,4 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Població total major de 2 anys</th> <td>7 553 650</td> <td>100 %</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br style="clear:both;"></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Coneixement_del_castellà"><span id="Coneixement_del_castell.C3.A0"></span>Coneixement del castellà</h4> </div> <p>Segons dades oficials del 2013 publicats a la web de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya, el castellà és la llengua més parlada de Catalunya, on supera el català tant com a llengua materna, d'identificació i habitual.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 2008, el castellà era la llengua materna del 58,8 % dels catalans,<sup id="cite_ref-materna2008_86-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-materna2008-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la pròpia del 55,3 %<sup id="cite_ref-propia2008_87-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-propia2008-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i l'habitual del 57,9 %<sup id="cite_ref-habitual2008_88-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-habitual2008-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (els percentatges inclouen també als parlants que consideren conjuntament al castellà i al català com a llengua materna, pròpia o d'ús habitual).</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float:left; margin:0; background:#fff; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;" colspan="3">Castellà</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Coneixement</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Persones</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Percentatge</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">L'entén</th> <td>6 239 200</td> <td>99,8 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap parlar</th> <td>6 233 500</td> <td>99,7 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap llegir</th> <td>6 092 700</td> <td>97,4 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap escriure</th> <td>5 997 200</td> <td>95,9 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Població total major de 2 anys</th> <td>7 553 650</td> <td>100 %</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br style="clear:both;"></p> <p>Font: Idescat<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Coneixement_de_l'occità_aranès"><span id="Coneixement_de_l.27occit.C3.A0_aran.C3.A8s"></span>Coneixement de l'occità aranès</h4> </div> <p>L'aranès és la llengua materna del 22,4 % de la població de la Vall d'Aran, la pròpia del 27,1 % i l'habitual del 23,4 %.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La taula següent mostra les dades sobre el nivell de coneixement de l'occità aranès a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall_d%27Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vall d'Aran">Vall d'Aran</a> (l'any 2013). Els percentatges corresponen a la població total d'aquest territori i no pas a la població total de Catalunya.</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float:left; margin:0; background:#fff; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;" colspan="3">Coneixement de l'aranès<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Coneixement</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Persones</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Percentatge</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">L'entén</th> <td>6840</td> <td>80,74 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap parlar</th> <td>4710</td> <td>55,61 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap llegir</th> <td>5020</td> <td>59,33 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap escriure</th> <td>2950</td> <td>34,87 %</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br style="clear:both;"></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Coneixement_de_llengües_estrangeres"><span id="Coneixement_de_lleng.C3.BCes_estrangeres"></span>Coneixement de llengües estrangeres</h4> </div> <p>El març del 2011 el Baròmetre de la Comunicació en col·laboració amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IEC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC">IEC</a> feren un estudi sobre l'ús social de les llengües a Catalunya i el seu coneixement entre la població amb els següents resultats:<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float:left; margin:0; background:#fff; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Coneixement</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Català</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Castellà</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Anglès</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Francès</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Àrab</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Altres</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">L'entén</th> <td>95,3 %</td> <td>99,9 %</td> <td>24,1 %</td> <td>13,2 %</td> <td>3,1 %</td> <td>9,6 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap parlar</th> <td>77,5 %</td> <td>99,8 %</td> <td>18,8 %</td> <td>10,8 %</td> <td>3,0 %</td> <td>8,5 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">El sap escriure</th> <td>60,6 %</td> <td>99,0 %</td> <td>15,8 %</td> <td>8,2 %</td> <td>2,6 %</td> <td>6,7 %</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br style="clear:both;"></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Llengua_habitual_i_llengua_materna">Llengua habitual i llengua materna</h4> </div> <p>A Catalunya el factor més important del bilingüisme social és la immigració procedent de la resta de l'estat espanyol. Hom ha calculat que, sense migracions, la població de Catalunya hauria passat d'uns 2 milions de persones el 1900 a 2,4 al 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en comptes dels més de 6,1 milions censats en aquesta data (i que són més de 7 al 2008); és a dir, la població sense immigració hauria estat el 39 % de la real. El percentatge de parlants de català com a primera llengua a Catalunya ha passat del 36,2 %, més 2,5 % de bilingües el 2003 al 31,6 % més un 3,8 % de bilingües el 2008, unes dades<sup id="cite_ref-CRUSCAT_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRUSCAT-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que confirmen el retrocés del català a Catalunya, encara que, més lentament que en altres territoris.</p> <p>Segons l'Enquesta Demogràfica de 2007, de les dades comparatives que aquesta enquesta ofereix en relació a les de l'any 1986, tot just encetada la política lingüística, destaca el fet que mentre la població en aquests 11 anys havia crescut en 1 193 467 habitants, la població que havia adquirit les distintes habilitats lingüístiques ho havia fet de manera superior: 1 304 446 persones més entenien el català, hi havia 1 570 034 nous parlants, 1 588 658 eren nous lectors i 2 116 533 persones més sabien escriure en català, factor que és atribuïble a una actitud social favorable i a polítiques públiques eficaces.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tot i així, pel que fa als usos, el català és la segona llengua més parlada de Catalunya, on és superada pel castellà tant com a llengua materna, d'identificació i habitual segons les dades oficials de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya 2013. Segons les dades de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a> (Idescat) per a l'any 2013, el català és la llengua habitual del 43,1 % de la població de Catalunya (un 36,3 % en exclusiva i un 6,8 % bilingüe amb el castellà). En termes absoluts, 2 696 200 persones tenen al català com a idioma habitual (2 269 600 en exclusiva i 426 600 bilingüe amb el castellà), davant de 3 172 600 (50,7 %) que tenen al castellà com a llengua habitual. Pel que fa a l'enquesta anterior d'Idescat s'observa un retrocés en xifres absolutes de l'ús habitual del català (2 696 200 enfront de 2 933 300 de 2008) i també en valors relatius (43,1 % davant del 47,6 %). S'observa també un retrocés, tant en valors absoluts com relatius, dels habitants de Catalunya que usen habitualment tant el castellà com el català (en valors absoluts es passa de 736 700 a 426 600; en valors relatius, el retrocés és del 12 % al 6,8 %), el que es tradueix en la disminució de les persones que utilitzen habitualment només el català.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Segons l'<i>Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2013</i>, de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a>, el 31,0 % de la població tenia com a llengua materna el català, el 55,1 % el castellà i el 2,4 % era bilingüe matern. La llengua catalana s'ha mantingut com a llengua habitual del 35,6 % el 2008, al 36,3 %<sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el 2013, mentre que el castellà augmenta des del 45,9 % el 2008 al 50,7 %<sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el 2013. Per la seva banda els bilingües perfectes baixen considerablement de l'11,9 %<sup id="cite_ref-usos44_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-usos44-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el 2008 al 6,8 %<sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el 2013. Segons la mateixa font, el català ha seguit augmentant tant en parlants com en coneixement escrit de la població, però continua disminuint en percentatge respecte al total de la ciutadania catalana.</p> <p>Els habitants de Catalunya que tenen com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_materna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua materna">llengua materna</a> al català són menys que aquells que la fan servir de manera habitual. Segons l'Idescat, el 2013, 2 097 000 persones (33,4 %) tenien al català com a llengua materna (enfront de 3 448 500, 55,1 %, que tenen al castellà). Aquestes xifres inclouen a 152 700 que també tenen com a llengua materna el castellà. Es mostren fenòmens similars als descrits amb la llengua habitual en relació amb les dades de 2008: estabilització de parlants que tenen el català com a llengua materna (2 186 000 el 2008 enfront dels citats 2 097 000 de 2013), amb la reculada en termes relatius (34,60 % enfront del 33,4 %), retrocés dels parlants que tenen com a llengües maternes el castellà i el català (es passa de 236 500 a 152 700 parlants; retrocés del 3 % al 2,4 % en termes relatius), amb la consegüent disminució del nombre de persones que consideren exclusivament al català com a llengua materna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En sentit similar, els catalans que consideren al català com a llengua d'identificació són els mateixos que els que la fan servir de manera habitual. Segons les dades d'Idescat, el 2013, 2 712 700 persones (43,4 %) tenien al català com a llengua d'identificació (per 2 973 600, el 47,5 % que ho feien amb el castellà). Aquestes xifres inclouen a 542 800 persones que també s'identifiquen amb el castellà. Es mostren els mateixos fenòmens que els relatius a llengua habitual i materna pel que fa a les dades de 2008: lleuger retrocés del nombre de parlants que s'identifiquen amb el català (2 770 500 el 2008 enfront dels citats 2 712 700 de 2008), amb retrocés també en termes relatius (46 % enfront del 43,4 %), retrocés dels parlants que s'identifiquen amb el català i el castellà (es passa de 542 800 a 437 600 parlants; retrocés del 8,8 % al 7,0 % en termes relatius), amb la simètrica disminució del nombre de persones que s'identifiquen exclusivament amb el català.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#bfcfff;"><b>El català a Catalunya<sup>a</sup></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"><b>Any 2008</b></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"><b>Any 2013</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Persones</b></td> <td><b>Percentatge</b></td> <td><b>Persones</b></td> <td><b>Percentatge</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Llengua habitual</b></td> <td>2 933 300</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47,6 %</td> <td>2 696 200</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,1 %</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Llengua materna</b></td> <td>2 186 000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,6 %</td> <td>2 097 000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,4 %</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Llengua d'identificació</b><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2 838 100</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46 %</td> <td>2 712 700</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,4 %</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size:90%;">:<sup>a</sup>Xifres que inclouen tant els parlants que consideren només al català com a llengua habitual, materna o d'identificació com als que consideren d'aquesta manera tant al català com al castellà.</span></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png/220px-%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1125"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png/220px-%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png" data-width="220" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png/330px-%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png/440px-%C3%80mbits_de_Catalunya_2016.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Àmbits funcionals territorials de Catalunya. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f37373; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80mbit_Metropolit%C3%A0_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àmbit Metropolità de Barcelona">Àmbit metropolità</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f3f373; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_Gironines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comarques Gironines">Comarques Gironines</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#73f373; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp de Tarragona">Camp de Tarragona</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#b3b373; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terres_de_l%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terres de l'Ebre">Terres de l'Ebre</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f373f3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ponent_(regi%C3%B3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ponent (regió)">Ponent</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penedès">Penedès</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7373f3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya Central">Comarques Centrals</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#73f3f3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Pirineu_i_Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Pirineu i Aran">Alt Pirineu i Aran</a> </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>S'observa que el català es manté com a llengua habitual en termes absoluts entre 1980 i 2013, encara que de manera lenta, en comptes de retrocedir com al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a> o a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_del_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya del Nord">Catalunya del Nord</a>. El retrocés en termes relatius que s'ha produït en el període 2003-2008 es deu a la important arribada d'immigrants a Catalunya, més de mig milió en aquest període, un 36 % dels quals tenen al castellà com a llengua pròpia.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altres estudis, com <i>La Segona Generació a Barcelona: Un Estudi Longitudinal</i> (març de 2009),<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aplicat a l'àrea metropolitana de Barcelona, assenyalen que aproximadament el 80 % dels immigrants de la zona d'estudi considerada prefereix utilitzar el castellà, un percentatge superior al dels que el parlen pel seu origen. Els autors creuen que és així per haver-se instal·lat els immigrants en barris on el castellà és més habitual.</p> <p>Pel que fa a la distribució territorial (dades de 2013), l'ús del català (exclusiu, sense comptar els que parlen també habitualment el castellà) és predominant en les àrees funcionals de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comarques_gironines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comarques gironines">Comarques gironines</a> (51,5 %), <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terres_de_l%27Ebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terres de l'Ebre">Terres de l'Ebre</a> (73,8 %), <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ponent_(regi%C3%B3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ponent (regió)">Ponent</a> (61,9 %), <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya Central">Catalunya Central</a> (63,0 %) i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Pirineu_i_Aran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Pirineu i Aran">Alt Pirineu i Aran</a> (61,3 %), on el català com a llengua habitual (exclusiva) és usat per més del 50 % de la població. Els graus menors d'ús exclusiu es donen en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp de Tarragona">Camp de Tarragona</a> (38,6 %), el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penedès">Penedès</a> (35,5 %) i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80mbit_metropolit%C3%A0_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona">Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona</a> (27,8 %).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pel que fa a les dades de 2008, s'observa un augment percentual dels parlants habituals exclusius de català en 5 àrees (que va del 6,3 % a la Catalunya Central al 0,5 % de les Comarques gironines), una estabilització a l'Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (27,8 % el 2008 i 27,8 % el 2013) i un lleuger retrocés a Ponent (64,4 % el 2008 i 61,9 % el 2013).</p> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a> ha dut a terme una tasca de foment i potenciació de l'ús del català com la llengua prioritària a Catalunya. Tant l'estatut d'autonomia de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979">1979</a> com el de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estatut_d%27autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estatut d'autonomia de Catalunya de 2006">2006</a> defineixen el català com <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_pr%C3%B2pia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua pròpia">llengua pròpia</a> de Catalunya. L'estatut de 2006 indica a més que:<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">«</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">El català […] és la llengua d'ús normal i preferent de les administracions públiques i dels mitjans de comunicació públics de Catalunya, i és també la llengua normalment emprada com a vehicular i d'aprenentatge en l'ensenyament.</td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">»</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya, article 6.a.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Cultura_i_lleure">Cultura i lleure</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg/220px-Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2286"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg/220px-Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg/330px-Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg/440px-Meister_aus_Tahull_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Absis_central_de_Sant_Climent_de_Ta%C3%BCll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Absis central de Sant Climent de Taüll">Pantocràtor</a></i> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Climent_de_Ta%C3%BCll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Climent de Taüll">Sant Climent de Taüll</a>, al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya">Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Belles_arts_i_arts_populars">Belles arts i arts populars</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Art de Catalunya">Art de Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya ha donat al món moltes figures importants en els àmbits de la cultura. Els pintors catalans més coneguts internacionalment són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a>. Molt enllaçat amb l'ambient pictòric català, va ser el malagueny <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pablo_Picasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> que va viure a Barcelona durant la seva joventut, formant-s'hi com a artista i iniciant-hi el moviment del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cubisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cubisme">cubisme</a>. Altres artistes plàstics catalans són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramon_Casas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Casas">Ramon Casas</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Maria_Subirachs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep Maria Subirachs">Josep Maria Subirachs</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mari%C3%A0_Fortuny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marià Fortuny">Marià Fortuny</a>. Els museus pictòrics més rellevants de Catalunya són el Teatre-Museu Dalí, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museu_Picasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu Picasso">Museu Picasso</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Antoni_T%C3%A0pies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundació Antoni Tàpies">Fundació Antoni Tàpies</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Joan_Mir%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fundació Joan Miró">Fundació Joan Miró</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya">Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya</a> (MNAC), el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museu_d%27Art_Contemporani_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona">Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona</a> (MACBA), el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre_de_Cultura_Contempor%C3%A0nia_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona">Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona</a> (CCCB) i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CaixaF%C3%B2rum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CaixaFòrum">CaixaFòrum</a>.</p> <p>En l'àmbit de l'arquitectura es van desenvolupar i adaptar a Catalunya els diversos estils artístics predominants a Europa, deixant petjada en les moltes esglésies, monestirs i catedrals, d'estil romànic (els millors exemples de la qual es troben a l'antiga <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B2tia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gòtia">Gòtia</a>) i gòtic (els millors exemples de la qual es troben a les ciutats i a la Catalunya Nova). Altres exemples són l'arquitectura renaixentista, barroca i neoclàssica. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernisme_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernisme català">modernisme</a>, a la fi del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> es presenta com l'art nacional, en especial en les arts decoratives. Els arquitectes catalans de renom mundial d'aquest estil són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Dom%C3%A8nech_i_Montaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lluís Domènech i Montaner">Lluís Domènech i Montaner</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Puig_i_Cadafalch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Puig i Cadafalch">Josep Puig i Cadafalch</a>. En l'àmbit del racionalisme arquitectònic, destacaren <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Llu%C3%ADs_Sert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep Lluís Sert">Josep Lluís Sert</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torres_Clav%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres Clavé">Torres Clavé</a>, i altres. Més recentment, destaquen els urbanistes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_A._Coderch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep A. Coderch">Josep A. Coderch</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ricard_Bofill_Levi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Bofill Levi">Ricard Bofill</a> entre molts altres.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatura">literatura</a>, destaquen dos moments històrics d'esplendor de les lletres catalanes. El primer comença amb les cròniques historiogràfiques dels segles <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span> i <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> contemporànies a les novel·les cavalleresques del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">valencià</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joanot_Martorell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joanot Martorell">Joanot Martorell</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poesia">poesia</a> del també valencià <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ausi%C3%A0s_March?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ausiàs March">Ausiàs March</a>. El segon moment d'esplendor va començar durant el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a_(catalana)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaixença (catalana)">Renaixença</a> cultural i política. Destacaren <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacint_Verdaguer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacint Verdaguer">Jacint Verdaguer</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narc%C3%ADs_Oller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcís Oller">Narcís Oller</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Maragall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Maragall">Joan Maragall</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80ngel_Guimer%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àngel Guimerà">Àngel Guimerà</a>. Durant el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> es van desenvolupar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noucentisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noucentisme">noucentisme</a> i els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moviments_d%27avantguarda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moviments d'avantguarda">moviments d'avantguarda</a> i hi destacaren els poetes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Carner_i_Puig-Oriol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Carner i Puig-Oriol">Josep Carner</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Riba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carles Riba">Carles Riba</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J.V._Foix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="J.V. Foix">J.V. Foix</a>. Durant la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_civil_espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra civil espanyola">Guerra Civil</a> i el període del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franquisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franquisme">franquisme</a> destacaren <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Pla_i_Casadevall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Pla i Casadevall">Josep Pla</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merc%C3%A8_Rodoreda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercè Rodoreda">Mercè Rodoreda</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvador_Espriu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Espriu">Salvador Espriu</a>.</p> <p>L'àmbit de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música">música</a> és un dels sectors més vigorosos de la indústria cultural catalana, pel nombre d'activitats i esdeveniments musicals així com per la xarxa de recintes musicals, productores, compositors, intèrprets i grups de diferents gèneres que van néixer a Catalunya. Entre els compositors de música culta catalana més hom pot citar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoncel%C2%B7lista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoncel·lista">violoncel·lista</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pau_Casals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pau Casals">Pau Casals</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piano">pianista</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al%C3%ADcia_de_Larrocha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alícia de Larrocha">Alícia de Larrocha</a>, la pianista <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonora_Mil%C3%A0_i_Romeu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonora Milà i Romeu">Leonora Milà</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viol%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violí">violinista</a> de gamba i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musicologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musicologia">musicòleg</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordi_Savall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Savall">Jordi Savall</a>. Entre els cantants d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%92pera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Òpera">òpera</a> destaquen <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vict%C3%B2ria_dels_%C3%80ngels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victòria dels Àngels">Victòria dels Àngels</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaume_Aragall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaume Aragall">Jaume Aragall</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Carreras_i_Coll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Carreras i Coll">Josep Carreras</a>.</p> <p>Entre els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantautor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantautor">cantautors</a> de música popular en llengua catalana destaquen els artistes del moviment de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a>, com ara <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Llach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lluís Llach">Lluís Llach</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Manuel_Serrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Manuel Serrat">Joan Manuel Serrat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maria_del_Mar_Bonet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maria del Mar Bonet">Maria del Mar Bonet</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesc_Pi_de_la_Serra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi de la Serra">Francesc Pi de la Serra</a>; en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castell%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellà">castellà</a> van destacar Serrat, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Eduardo_Aute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Eduardo Aute">Luis Eduardo Aute</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manolo_Garc%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manolo García">Manolo García</a>. En el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jazz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jazz">jazz</a> destaca <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tete_Montoliu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tete Montoliu">Tete Montoliu</a>, i en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock">rock</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Companyia_El%C3%A8ctrica_Dharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Companyia Elèctrica Dharma">Companyia Elèctrica Dharma</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_%C3%9Altimo_de_la_Fila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Último de la Fila">El Último de la Fila</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopa_de_Cabra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopa de Cabra">Sopa de Cabra</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Els_Pets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Els Pets">Els Pets</a> i amb un estil més <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_Pop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Música Pop">pop</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gossos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gossos">Gossos</a>. La música electrònica, experimental i independent s'ha vist beneficiada amb la celebració de festivals com ara <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LEM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LEM">LEM</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%B2nar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sònar">Sònar</a> o el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primavera_Sound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primavera Sound">Primavera Sound</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Costums_i_tradicions">Costums i tradicions</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festes_populars_als_Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festes populars als Països Catalans">Festes populars als Països Catalans</a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg/159px-3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 159px;height: 239px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg/159px-3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg" data-width="159" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg/239px-3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg/318px-3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Tres de deu amb folre i manilles dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castellers_de_Vilafranca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castellers de Vilafranca">Castellers de Vilafranca</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardana">sardana</a> es considera la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dansa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dansa">dansa</a> nacional de Catalunya. És una dansa de grup que es balla en rotllana, on els balladors s'agafen de les mans, si és possible home-dona-home-dona… mirant tots al centre de la rotllana. S'acompanya amb el so dels instruments de vent de la cobla. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ball_de_bastons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ball de bastons">ball de bastons</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jota">jota</a> de les Terres de l'Ebre també són danses populars catalanes, així com les cantades d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havaneres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Havaneres">havaneres</a>, pròpies de la costa.</p> <p>Una manifestació molt rellevant i molt coneguda internacionalment és l'aixecament de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casteller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Casteller">castells</a> (torres humanes), tradició original del Camp de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i que s'ha estès a altres regions de Catalunya. Els participants rivalitzen per formar-ne de més alts i de millor estructura, coronats amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enxaneta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enxaneta">enxaneta</a>, un nen o nena que aixeca el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bra%C3%A7_(anatomia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Braç (anatomia)">braç</a>.</p> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_d%27abril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 d'abril">23 d'abril</a>, se celebra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Jordi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Jordi">Sant Jordi</a>, patró de Catalunya. Aquesta festa se celebra amb la tradició de regalar <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosa">roses</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llibre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llibre">llibres</a> als familiars i amics.</p> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_de_juny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 de juny">23 de juny</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nit_de_Sant_Joan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nit de Sant Joan">Nit de Sant Joan</a>, se celebra una popular <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revetlla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revetlla">revetlla</a>. La tradició antiga popular inclou cremar fogueres per a allunyar els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dimoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dimoni">dimonis</a>, les malalties i altres desgràcies; es menja <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coca_(past%C3%ADs)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coca (pastís)">coca</a> i es beu <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cava_(beguda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cava (beguda)">cava</a>.</p> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_de_juliol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 de juliol">28 de juliol</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a>, Catalunya va aprovar una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ILP_per_a_l%27abolici%C3%B3_de_les_corrides_de_toros_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ILP per a l'abolició de les corrides de toros a Catalunya">llei per abolir les curses de braus</a>. Aquesta nova llei, que serà efectiva a partir de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_de_gener?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 de gener">1 de gener</a> de l'any <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012">2012</a>, va partir d'una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iniciativa_Legislativa_Popular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Iniciativa Legislativa Popular">Iniciativa Legislativa Popular</a> en la qual van firmar unes 180 000 persones.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Festes_populars">Festes populars</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:060423_SantJordi05.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/060423_SantJordi05.JPG/220px-060423_SantJordi05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/060423_SantJordi05.JPG/220px-060423_SantJordi05.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/060423_SantJordi05.JPG/330px-060423_SantJordi05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/060423_SantJordi05.JPG/440px-060423_SantJordi05.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Parada de venda de llibres el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dia_de_Sant_Jordi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dia de Sant Jordi">Dia de Sant Jordi</a>, a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rambla_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rambla de Catalunya">Rambla de Catalunya</a> barcelonina. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les tres principals festivitats de Catalunya són les següents:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dia_de_Sant_Jordi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dia de Sant Jordi">Sant Jordi</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_d%27abril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 d'abril">23 d'abril</a>). Patró de Catalunya. Dia laborable. La festivitat se celebra amb la tradició del regal de roses i llibres als éssers estimats la compra dels quals s'efectua sobretot en els llocs de venda de roses i llibres als carrers.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festa_de_Sant_Joan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Festa de Sant Joan">Sant Joan</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_de_juny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 de juny">24 de juny</a>). Dia no laborable. La festa, en realitat, se celebra la nit anterior, amb la tradició d'organitzar grans revetlles amb les que es rep l'estiu, encenent fogueres i tirant petards. La nit més curta de l'any és, al seu torn, la més festiva, al costat de la nit de cap d'any. És tradició acabar el sopar menjant <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coca_de_Sant_Joan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coca de Sant Joan">coca de Sant Joan</a> i brindant amb <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cava_(beguda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cava (beguda)">cava</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diada_Nacional_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diada Nacional de Catalunya">Diada Nacional de Catalunya</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_de_setembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 de setembre">11 de setembre</a>), festa oficial de Catalunya. Dia no laborable. Es recorda la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setge_de_Barcelona_(1713-1714)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Setge de Barcelona (1713-1714)">caiguda de Barcelona</a> davant les tropes de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felip_V_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felip V d'Espanya">Felip V</a> l'11 de setembre de 1714, que va provocar l'abolició de les lleis i institucions pròpies del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat de Catalunya">Principat de Catalunya</a>. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament</a> la va declarar «festa nacional» en la seva primera llei després del seu restabliment, el 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La jornada és prolífica en actes simbòlics i manifestacions de caràcter polític.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</h3> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/181px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/181px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg" data-width="181" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/271px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/361px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temple_de_la_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple de la Sagrada Família">Temple de la Sagrada Família</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>El pla de protecció dels béns culturals i naturals de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unesco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unesco">Unesco</a> conegut com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimoni de la Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</a> ha catalogat nombroses obres que es troben a Catalunya. La primera adscripció al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimoni de la Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</a> van ser diverses obres d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a> el 1984 per la seva contribució a l'arquitectura modernista, a les quals es van afegir algunes més el 2005 i es van agrupar sota la mateixa entitat. Aquestes obres són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_G%C3%BCell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc Güell">Parc Güell</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palau_G%C3%BCell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palau Güell">Palau Güell</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_Mil%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa Milà">Casa Milà</a>, la façana del Naixement i la cripta de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temple_de_la_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple de la Sagrada Família">Sagrada Família</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_Vicens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa Vicens">Casa Vicens</a>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_Batll%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa Batlló">Casa Batlló</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_G%C3%BCell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Colònia Güell">Colònia Güell</a>. El 1991 es va afegir a la llista el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monestir_de_Poblet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monestir de Poblet">Monestir de Poblet</a>, on reposen nombrosos monarques de la Corona d'Aragó. Set anys després es va sumar sota el mateix títol l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art_rupestre_de_l%27arc_mediterrani_de_la_Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A8rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Art rupestre de l'arc mediterrani de la Península Ibèrica">Art rupestre de l'arc mediterrani de la Península Ibèrica</a>, que s'estén pel litoral mediterrani peninsular, en el qual Catalunya contribueix amb nombroses mostres. El 2007 es va declarar <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimoni de la Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</a> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palau_de_la_M%C3%BAsica_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palau de la Música Catalana">Palau de la Música Catalana</a> i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hospital_de_la_Santa_Creu_i_Sant_Pau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau">Hospital de Sant Pau</a> en una mateixa entitat, ambdues obres modernistes de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Dom%C3%A8nech_i_Montaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lluís Domènech i Montaner">Lluís Domènech i Montaner</a>. El 2000 es van afegir a la llista dos conjunts: la formada per les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sies_rom%C3%A0niques_de_la_Vall_de_Bo%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esglésies romàniques de la Vall de Boí">Esglésies romàniques de la Vall de Boí</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conjunt_arqueol%C3%B2gic_de_T%C3%A0rraco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conjunt arqueològic de Tàrraco">Conjunt arqueològic de Tàrraco</a>. L'última incorporació va ser la de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patum">Patum</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berga">Berga</a>, el 2005, categoritzada com a Patrimoni oral i immaterial de la Humanitat.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cultura_catalana">Cultura catalana</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalans">Catalans</a> </div> <p>Els <b>catalans</b> i les <b>catalanes</b> són un poble o una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88tnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ètnia">ètnia</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">europea</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterr%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterrània">mediterrània</a> que té les seves arrels als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirineus_catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirineus catalans">Pirineus orientals</a> i territoris adjacents. Històricament, es consideren com a catalans els individus de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">parla catalana</a><sup id="cite_ref-cavaba_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cavaba-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que, generalment, són originaris d'algun dels territoris modernament anomenats <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a>. A partir del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> es va generalitzar l'ús del gentilici de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valencià">valencià</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tant per la llengua com pels habitants, i més tard el gentilici de mallorquí, perdent-se la unitat del gentilici català i la consciència de col·lectivitat, sobretot a partir de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_de_Successi%C3%B3_Espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra de Successió Espanyola">Guerra de Successió</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_22-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al començament del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalanisme">moviment catalanista</a> va propugnar la recuperació de la generalització del gentilici català comú, malgrat la regionalització del gentilici al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat">Principat</a> i de les reticències sorgides en amplis sectors de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illes_Balears?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illes Balears">Illes Balears</a> i del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País Valencià">País Valencià</a>. Acadèmicament es va superar la polèmica sobre el nom de la llengua i de la literatura comunes (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">català</a>), mentre que en l'àmbit polític determinats sectors intenten (especialment des de la transició democràtica) de promoure la disgregació.<sup id="cite_ref-GEC_22-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Això no obstant, segons el Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut d'Estudis Catalans">Institut d'Estudis Catalans</a>, <i>català</i> és la persona natural dels Països Catalans.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, la condició política de catalans únicament és reconeguda oficialment en dos territoris:</p> <ul> <li>En la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunitat_Aut%C3%B2noma_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya">Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya</a>,:<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <i>Article 7</i>: <ol> <li>Gaudeixen de la condició política de catalans o ciutadans de Catalunya els ciutadans espanyols que tenen veïnatge administratiu a Catalunya. Llurs drets polítics s'exerceixen d'acord amb aquest Estatut i les lleis, així com els que emigren i els seus descendents.</li> </ol> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>També és reconegut el gentilici <i>català</i> en la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_del_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya del Nord">Catalunya del Nord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <p>El mot català/-ana és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentilici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilici">gentilici</a> de <b>Catalunya</b>. L'etimologia d'ambdós mots és incert i obert a interpretacions. La teoria més acceptada és que fa referència al terme <i>castlà</i> o <i>catlà</i>, mot que guardaria relació amb el governador d'un castell, en francès <i>chastelain</i> i <i>châtelain</i>, en occità <i>chastelan</i> o <i>castelan</i> (i segons alguns dialectes meridionals, pronunciat "castelà"), en castellà <i>castellano</i>. Amb l'addició del sufix <i>-ia</i> donaria lloc a les formes llatines de <i>Catalonia</i> i <i>Catalaunia</i>, que significaria terra de castells,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_18-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neni_19-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-neni-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'acord amb aquesta teoria, el terme castellà en seria homòleg. Una altra teoria suggereix que <i>Catalunya</i> prové de "Gotholàndia" és a dir la terra dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gots">gots</a>; de fet, els francs sovint anomenaven el territori català (o fins i tot, la península Ibèrica) com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B2tia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gòtia">Gòtia</a>. Altres teories suggereixen que prové d'un mític príncep alemany, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otger_Catal%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otger Cataló">Otger Cataló</a>, o del mot <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lacetans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lacetans">laketani</a></i>, tribu que habitava les terres del que avui són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vall%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vallès">Vallès</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelon%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelonès">Barcelonès</a>, i que per influència <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itali%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italià">italiana</a> va evolucionar a <i>katelans</i> i d'aquí a <i>catalans</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-histocat_25-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-histocat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La primera referència documental del terme <i>Catalunya</i> apareix al <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liber_Maiolichinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liber Maiolichinus">Liber Maiolichinus de Gestis Pisanorum Illustribus</a></i>, una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epopeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Epopeia">epopeia</a> llatina que narra la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croada_pisano-catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croada pisano-catalana">Croada pisano-catalana</a> de l'any <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1113?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1113">1113</a>-<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1114?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1114">1114</a> contra Madina <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayurqa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayurqa">Mayurqa</a>, cabdellada per l'arquebisbe de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niça">Niça</a> Pere II i el comte <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_III_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Berenguer III de Barcelona">Ramon Berenguer III de Barcelona</a>. Aquesta obra fou redactada entre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1115?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1115">1115</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1120?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1120">1120</a> i es refereix al comte de Barcelona com «<i>Dux Catalanensis</i>», al seu territori com a «<i>Catalania</i>», i als seus homes com a «<i>Catalanenses</i>». Malgrat els diversos estudis, es desconeix encara l'etimologia de la paraula «català» i «Catalunya», així com tampoc s'entén perquè apareix primer en un document pisà i no en la pròpia documentació catalana.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mitologia_catalana">Mitologia catalana</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitologia_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitologia catalana">Mitologia catalana</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG/220px-Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2825" data-file-height="2032"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG/220px-Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG/330px-Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG/440px-Drac_vilafrancapenedes.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drac_de_Vilafranca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drac de Vilafranca">Drac</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilafranca_del_Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilafranca del Penedès">Vilafranca del Penedès</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle XV">s.XV</a>) </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitologia_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitologia catalana">Mitologia catalana</a> és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llegendari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llegendari">llegendari</a> que s'ha explicat durant generacions a Catalunya o als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a>. Es tracta d'un conjunt d'històries de transmissió oral centrades en personatges singulars o en explicar l'existència de construccions i particularitats locals. Poden ser la transformació de mites europeus similars o bé tradicions pròpies. Com a representació cultural transcendeix els límits fronterers actuals, essent una manifestació més de la cultura catalana.</p> <p>Eminentment de transmissió oral, es pot dir que hi ha similituds amb les cultures limítrofes. No obstant això, als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a> s'hi presenten una sèrie de característiques pròpies com els diferents personatges fruit de la diferenciació cultural.</p> <p>L'origen de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a> possiblement recollís part de les creences preromanes integrades en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paganisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paganisme">paganisme</a> romà, és el cas de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fia_faia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fia faia">faies</a>. Els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lar">lars</a> haurien derivat cap a les figures dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnom">gnoms</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Follet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Follet">follets</a>, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nimfa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nimfa">nimfes</a> derivarien a moltes figures lligades a l'aigua com ara les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dona_d%27aigua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dona d'aigua">aloges</a> o bé les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dr%C3%ADada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dríada">dríades</a> derivarien a esperits del bosc com ara les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fada">fades</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Haro_de_les.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Haro_de_les.jpg/220px-Haro_de_les.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Haro_de_les.jpg/220px-Haro_de_les.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Haro_de_les.jpg/330px-Haro_de_les.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Haro_de_les.jpg/440px-Haro_de_les.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La crema d'objectes durant el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solstici_d%27estiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Solstici d'estiu">solstici d'estiu</a> és un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ritual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ritual">ritual</a> habitual des de temps prehistòrics al Pirineu català. <span style="font-size:90%;">(Haro de Les, 2008)</span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>La cristianització de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a> i especialment l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edicte_de_Mil%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edicte de Milà">edicte de Milà</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/313?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="313">313</a> condemnarien pràcticament aquestes manifestacions a la clandestinitat cultural, no obstant això, la penetració fou més profunda a les zones rurals i no tan intensa a causa del bon arrelament que tingué l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrianisme">arrianisme</a> al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_de_Toledo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne de Toledo">regne visigot</a> peninsular. El sorgiment de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expansi%C3%B3_de_l%27islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expansió de l'islam">conquesta de la península Ibèrica</a> importà algunes creences i llegendes pròpies dels pobles semítics i en generaren força lligades als fets de l'ocupació <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarra%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarraí">sarraïna</a> i la contesta militar del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regne_Franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regne Franc">Regne Franc</a> (p. ex. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%B3_de_Rotllan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cançó de Rotllan">cançó de Rotllan</a>), tot i així el paganisme persistí amb força a les àrees rurals. Els rituals <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A0gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Màgia">màgics</a>, les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rondalla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rondalla">rondalles</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llegenda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llegenda">llegendes</a> foren una forma d'entendre i transmetre coneixements sobre les herbes remeieres, la història i la moral entre les classes sense instrucció.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">església catòlica</a> generà la seva pròpia mitologia al voltant de les figures de determinats <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant">sants</a>: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Narc%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Narcís">Sant Narcís</a> i la llegenda de les mosques durant el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setge_de_Girona_(1285)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Setge de Girona (1285)">setge de Girona</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1285?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1285">1285</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Jordi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Jordi">Sant Jordi</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drac">drac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el suposat martiri de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Eul%C3%A0lia_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Eulàlia de Barcelona">Santa Eulàlia de Barcelona</a> i fins i tot en vida com sant <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Vicent_Ferrer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Vicent Ferrer">Vicent Ferrer</a>. També fou època de les epidèmies de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pesta_negra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesta negra">pesta negra</a> i com a conseqüència es desenvoluparen les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danses_de_la_mort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Danses de la mort">danses de la mort</a> o danses macabres que foren representades en diverses localitats catalanes durant segles.</p> <p>A partir de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baixa_edat_mitjana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baixa edat mitjana">baixa edat mitjana</a> els éssers mitològics foren considerats <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dimoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dimoni">dimonis</a> o bé entitats relacionades amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruixeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruixeria">bruixeria</a> i perseguits per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">església catòlica</a>. La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inquisici%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inquisició">inquisició</a> practicà múltiples execucions públiques i crema d'objectes per tal d'erradicar la bruixeria. Molta de la casuística fou recollida per Sprenger i Kramer al <i>Malleus maleficorum</i> i en l'àmbit peninsular autors com els religiosos Martín del Rio (<i>Disquisiciones mágicas</i>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1599?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1599">1599</a>), Fuentelapeña (<i>El ente dilucidado</i>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1676?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1676">1676</a>), Benito Jeronimo Feijoo (<i>Teatro crítico universal</i>, segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>). El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racionalisme_(filosofia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racionalisme (filosofia)">racionalisme</a> dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_XVIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle XVIII">segles XVII</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="XVIII">XVIII</a> relegà les creences sobre bruixeria i els éssers fantàstics als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conte">contes</a> per fer por als nens i bandejada dels costums i creences generals.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Ben entrat el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> amb la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a_(catalana)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaixença (catalana)">Renaixença</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernisme_catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernisme català">modernisme</a> se cercaren els referents mitològics catalans i molts autors s'interessaren a cercar i documentar aquests costums i rituals propis, destacant-se'n entre tots la figura de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Amades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Amades">Joan Amades</a> en la seva obra gairebé enciclopèdica, recolliren moltes de les llegendes, costums, cançons i rondalles. L'esplendor medieval esdevingué un referent històric i cultural i per aquest motiu s'inventariaren especialment els relats de l'època.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gastronomia">Gastronomia</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastronomia_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastronomia de Catalunya">Gastronomia de Catalunya</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg/220px-Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg/220px-Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg/330px-Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg/440px-Pan_con_Tumaca.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Llesques de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pa amb tomàquet">pa amb tomàquet</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>La gastronomia de Catalunya posseeix una gran tradició culinària. Els seus processos culinaris ja es descriuen documentalment d'ençà el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xv</span>. Ofereix una gran varietat de productes tant del mar com de la muntanya i l'horta. Sent en algunes ocasions característica la mescla de tots dos com és el cas del mar i muntanya. La cuina catalana ha aportat tot un seguit de plats típics del país amb guisats de peix com els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suquet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suquet">suquets</a> o la sarsuela, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escudella_i_carn_d%27olla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escudella i carn d'olla">escudella</a> (una espècie de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bullit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullit">bullit</a>), la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A7otada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calçotada">calçotada</a> i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvitxada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvitxada">salvitxada</a>. És típic de Catalunya el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pa amb tomàquet">Pa amb tomàquet</a>, que acompanya a molts plats de carn o embotits, i amb el qual s'elaboren els entrepans. Les salses com l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allioli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allioli">allioli</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romesco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romesco">romesco</a> són les salses més característiques de la cuina catalana. És destacable la riquesa d'embotits que s'elaboren a la comarca d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osona">Osona</a>, especialment el fuet de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vic">Vic</a>. Les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Butifarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Butifarra">butifarres</a> de diverses composicions. Quant a la rebosteria, són famoses la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crema_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crema catalana">crema catalana</a>, els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panellets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Panellets">panellets</a>, que s'elaboren especialment al novembre, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menjar_blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menjar blanc">Menjar blanc</a>, etc.</p> <p>Catalunya també es distingeix per la seva gran tradició <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vi_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vi de Catalunya">vinícola</a>. Les zones del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pened%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penedès">Penedès</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alella">Alella</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priorat">Priorat</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segre">Segre</a> són grans productores d'una gran varietat de vins. El més conegut i exportat és el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cava_(beguda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cava (beguda)">cava</a> del Penedès, la producció del qual lideren empreses familiars com <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freixenet_S.A.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freixenet S.A.">Freixenet</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Codorn%C3%ADu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Codorníu">Codorníu</a>.</p> <p>Cal anotar que Catalunya ofereix una gran varietat de restaurants amb cuina de totes les regions espanyoles, així com de cuina internacional. Malgrat que Barcelona és la ciutat amb major quantitat i varietat de restaurants, els més prestigiosos, i distingits amb més <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guia_Michelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guia Michelin">estrelles Michelín</a> l'any 2012 són el "Sant Pau" de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carme_Ruscalleda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carme Ruscalleda">Carme Ruscalleda</a> que es troba a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Pol_de_Mar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Pol de Mar">Sant Pol de Mar</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Celler_de_Can_Roca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Celler de Can Roca">El Celler de Can Roca</a> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Girona">Girona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Altres referents gastronòmics han estat "El Bulli" de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferran_Adri%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferran Adrià">Ferran Adrià</a>, que es trobava a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roses">Roses</a>, tancat el 30 de juliol de 2011;<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i el restaurant "Can Fabes" de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santi_Santamaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santi Santamaria">Santi Santamaria</a>, situat a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Celoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Celoni">Sant Celoni</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mitjans_de_comunicació"><span id="Mitjans_de_comunicaci.C3.B3"></span>Mitjans de comunicació</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitjans_de_comunicaci%C3%B3_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitjans de comunicació a Catalunya">Mitjans de comunicació a Catalunya</a> </div> <p>Catalunya té una gran quantitat de mitjans de comunicació tant en llengua catalana com castellana, i fins i tot un gran nombre de mitjans bilingües.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Televisió"><span id="Televisi.C3.B3"></span>Televisió</h4> </div> <p>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Televisió de Catalunya">Televisió de Catalunya</a>, cadena pública de Catalunya que emet íntegrament en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua catalana">llengua catalana</a>, és la principal televisió catalana. Té cinc canals: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TV3">TV3</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_33?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El 33">Canal 33</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3/24?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3/24">3/24</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esport3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esport3">Esport3</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canal_Super3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canal Super3">Canal Super3</a>. TVC competeix en audiències amb canals en castellà de grups de comunicació espanyols, principalment <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radiotelevisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotelevisión Española">Radiotelevisión Española</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atresmedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atresmedia">Atresmedia</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediaset_Espa%C3%B1a_Comunicaci%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaset España Comunicación">Mediaset España Comunicación</a>. Aquestes grups tenen la seu a Madrid, però disposen de centres de producció a Catalunya, des d'on emeten alguns programes.</p> <p>Altres televisions de menor audiència, encara que de presència destacable són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="8 TV">8 TV</a>, televisió privada del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_God%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Godó">Grup Godó</a> que emet en català, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bar%C3%A7a_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barça TV">Barça TV</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Punt_Avui_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Punt Avui TV">El Punt Avui TV</a>, i les televisions locals, el major exponent de les quals és <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona_Televisi%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona Televisió">Barcelona Televisió</a>, que també emeten en català.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Premsa">Premsa</h4> </div> <p>Els dos principals grups editors catalans de premsa i revistes són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_God%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Godó">Grup Godó</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_Zeta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Zeta">Grup Zeta</a>. Cadascun dels grups té una gran varietat de capçaleres tant de diaris d'informació general com esportiva, i de revistes.</p> <p>Els dos principals diaris catalans d'informació general són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Peri%C3%B3dico_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="El Periódico de Catalunya">El Periódico de Catalunya</a> (Grup Zeta) i <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Vanguardia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i> (Grup Godó), tots dos amb edicions en català i castellà. Són els dos periòdics amb major tiratge i distribució a Catalunya, per davant de diaris en castellà d'àmbit estatal com "<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El País">El País</a>" o "<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Mundo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Mundo">El Mundo</a>", que també tenen delegacions a Catalunya. També destaquen els diaris editats només en català <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Punt_Avui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Punt Avui">El Punt Avui</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ara_(diari)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ara (diari)">Ara</a>. Hi ha nombrosos diaris comarcals escrits en català, i d'àmbit més local. Els més destacats són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_9_Nou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El 9 Nou">El 9 Nou</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segre_(diari)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segre (diari)">Segre</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Regió 7">Regió 7</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diari_de_Girona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diari de Girona">Diari de Girona</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diari_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diari de Tarragona">Diari de Tarragona</a>.</p> <p>En l'àmbit de la informació esportiva destaquen <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sport">Sport</a>, del Grup Zeta, i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Mundo_Deportivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mundo Deportivo">El Mundo Deportivo</a> (Grup Godó). Tots dos estan escrits íntegrament en castellà. En llengua catalana destaca <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Esportiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Esportiu">L'Esportiu</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ràdio"><span id="R.C3.A0dio"></span>Ràdio</h4> </div> <p>La ràdio amb major audiència a Catalunya és <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RAC_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="RAC 1">RAC 1</a> (Grup Godó), que emet íntegrament en català, com la segona, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya Ràdio">Catalunya Ràdio</a>, la ràdio pública pertanyent a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corporaci%C3%B3_Catalana_de_R%C3%A0dio_i_Televisi%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió">Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Grups_comunicatius_i_productores">Grups comunicatius i productores</h4> </div> <p>Catalunya és seu de forts grups de comunicació que actuen tant en el sector audiovisual com en el de la premsa, l'edició de llibres i revistes, i la producció cinematogràfica. Els més rellevants són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_God%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Godó">Grup Godó</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grupo_Planeta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grupo Planeta">Grupo Planeta</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_Zeta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Zeta">Grup Zeta</a>. També són molt destacables, especialment en l'àmbit audiovisual, les productores <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gestmusic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestmusic">Gestmusic</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Terrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Terrat">El Terrat</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_Focus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grup Focus">Focus</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediapro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediapro">Mediapro</a>. També cal assenyalar la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corporaci%C3%B3_Catalana_de_Mitjans_Audiovisuals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals">Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals</a>, empresa pública de l'administració autonòmica catalana, titular de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Televisió de Catalunya">Televisió de Catalunya</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalunya Ràdio">Catalunya Ràdio</a>, entre d'altres mitjans.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esports">Esports</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esport_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esport a Catalunya">Esport a Catalunya</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Barcelona_296.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Barcelona_296.JPG/220px-Barcelona_296.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Barcelona_296.JPG/220px-Barcelona_296.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Barcelona_296.JPG/330px-Barcelona_296.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Barcelona_296.JPG/440px-Barcelona_296.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Estadi <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_Nou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp Nou">Camp Nou</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Catalunya és un país amb gran tradició esportiva, especialment des de principis del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, data en què s'hi van fundar els grans clubs en tots els àmbits que, en alguns casos, van ser els primers d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> a fundar-se. Els esports més populars són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbol">futbol</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A0squet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bàsquet">bàsquet</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tennis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoquei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoquei">hoquei</a> i d'altres. Cal esmentar també l'afició per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esqu%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esquí">esquí</a>, i les nombroses <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_d%27estacions_d%27esqu%C3%AD_dels_Pirineus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista d'estacions d'esquí dels Pirineus">estacions d'esquí</a> situades als Pirineus catalans entre les quals destaca <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baqueira-Beret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baqueira-Beret">Baqueira Beret</a>, la més gran d'Espanya. També hi ha gran afició al ciclisme.</p> <p>Els clubs de futbol més importants de Catalunya són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbol_Club_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbol Club Barcelona">Futbol Club Barcelona</a> i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reial_Club_Deportiu_Espanyol_de_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona">RCD Espanyol</a>, ambdós de Barcelona, que juguen a la primera divisió del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbol_espanyol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Futbol espanyol">futbol espanyol</a>. Actualment, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Girona_Futbol_Club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Girona Futbol Club">Girona FC</a> també juga a primera divisió. Altres equips importants són el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gimn%C3%A0stic_de_Tarragona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gimnàstic de Tarragona">Gimnàstic de Tarragona</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Club_de_Futbol_Reus_Deportiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Club de Futbol Reus Deportiu">CF Reus Deportiu</a>, tots dos la segona divisió. El FCB ha guanyat 25 vegades el títol de campió de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lliga_Espanyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lliga Espanyola">Lliga Espanyola</a> i cinc vegades la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lliga_de_Campions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lliga de Campions">Lliga de Campions</a>, a més d'altres títols importants. Destaca la consecució en un mateix any (2009) dels sis títols possibles (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_BBVA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga BBVA">Liga BBVA</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_del_Rei_de_futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa del Rei de futbol">Copa del Rei</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lliga_de_Campions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lliga de Campions">Lliga de Campions</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supercopa_d%27Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercopa d'Espanya">Supercopa d'Espanya</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supercopa_d%27Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercopa d'Europa">Supercopa d'Europa</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundial_de_Clubs_de_la_FIFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundial de Clubs de la FIFA">Mundial de Clubs de la FIFA</a>). És el primer i únic equip de la història a aconseguir-ho. Per altra banda, el RCD Espanyol de Barcelona ha aconseguit entre d'altres títols, 4 Copes del Rei.</p> <p>Catalunya ha organitzat dos dels esdeveniments esportius internacionals més importants: els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jocs Olímpics">Jocs Olímpics</a> d'estiu, i sent-ne l'única seu espanyola a fer-ho, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992">1992</a>, els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jocs_Mediterranis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jocs Mediterranis">Jocs Mediterranis</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955">1955</a>, els campionats del món d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atletisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atletisme">atletisme</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nataci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natació">natació</a>, i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurobasket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobasket">Eurobasket</a>. Catalunya va ser seu local per a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_del_M%C3%B3n_de_Futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa del Món de Futbol">Copa del Món de Futbol</a> d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> el 1982. S'hi celebren també el <i>Gran Premio de España</i> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fórmula 1">Fórmula 1</a>, i el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Premi_d%27Espanya_de_F%C3%B3rmula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Premi d'Espanya de Fórmula 1">Gran Premi de Catalunya</a> de MotoGP en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Circuit_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit de Catalunya">Circuit de Catalunya</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montmel%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montmeló">Montmeló</a>; així com el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ral%C2%B7li_Costa_Brava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ral·li Costa Brava">Ral·li Costa Brava</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volta_Ciclista_a_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volta Ciclista a Catalunya">La volta a Catalunya</a>.</p> <p>Dotze federacions esportives catalanes són oficialment reconegudes per les federacions internacionals. Aquestes federacions compten amb seleccions en catorze disciplines, cap d'elles olímpica, que participen a nivell internacional de manera oficial, representant Catalunya. Les catorze seleccions catalanes són de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbol_sala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbol sala">futbol sala</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corfbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corfbol">corfbol</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitch_%26_putt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch & putt">pitch & putt</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbol_australi%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbol australià">futbol australià</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisicoculturisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisicoculturisme">fisicoculturisme</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taekwondo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twirling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Twirling">twirling</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kickboxing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kickboxing">kickboxing</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Icestock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Icestock">icestock</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raquetball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Raquetball">raquetball</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursa_de_muntanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cursa de muntanya">cursa de muntanya</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esqu%C3%AD_de_muntanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esquí de muntanya">esquí de muntanya</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalada">escalada</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Selecció_catalana_de_futbol"><span id="Selecci.C3.B3_catalana_de_futbol"></span>Selecció catalana de futbol</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg/220px-Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2516"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg/220px-Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg/330px-Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg/440px-Catalan_line-up_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Equip inicial al partit <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selecci%C3%B3_catalana_de_futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Selecció catalana de futbol">Catalunya</a>-<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selecci%C3%B3_de_futbol_de_Nig%C3%A8ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selecció de futbol de Nigèria">Nigèria</a>, de gener de 2013. </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selecci%C3%B3_catalana_de_futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Selecció catalana de futbol">Selecció catalana de futbol</a> </div> <p>Històricament s'ha conegut com a <b>selecció o seleccions catalanes de futbol</b> a les formacions que han competit sota la jurisdicció de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3_Catalana_de_Futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federació Catalana de Futbol">Federació Catalana de Futbol</a> (FCF).</p> <p>La selecció catalana de futbol no està reconeguda per la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3_Internacional_de_Futbol_Associaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federació Internacional de Futbol Associació">FIFA</a>, per l'oposició de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3_Espanyola_de_Futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Federació Espanyola de Futbol">Federació Espanyola de Futbol</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell_Superior_d%27Esports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consell Superior d'Esports">Consell Superior d'Esports</a> (CSD),<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i per tant només pot jugar partits amistosos a nivell internacional. Tanmateix sí que pot competir oficialment com a selecció autonòmica a les competicions de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3_Espanyola_de_Futbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Federació Espanyola de Futbol">Federació Espanyola de Futbol</a> que organitza normalment per a categories inferiors. La selecció absoluta masculina té com a seleccionador a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerard_L%C3%B3pez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard López">Gerard López</a> des de 2013.</p> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_de_desembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 de desembre">22 de desembre</a> del 2009, Catalunya s'adjudicà el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trofeu_Catalunya_Internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trofeu Catalunya Internacional">I Trofeu Catalunya Internacional</a>, guanyant la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selecci%C3%B3_de_futbol_de_l%27Argentina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selecció de futbol de l'Argentina">selecció argentina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ciència_i_tecnologia"><span id="Ci.C3.A8ncia_i_tecnologia"></span>Ciència i tecnologia</h3> </div> <p>La recerca científica i tecnològica ha estat un dels pilars del desenvolupament econòmic i industrial de Catalunya. Alguns dels científics més cèlebres de Catalunya són <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narc%C3%ADs_Monturiol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcís Monturiol">Narcís Monturiol</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia">astrònom</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Comas_i_Sol%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Comas i Solà">Josep Comas i Solà</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima">climatòleg</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eduard_Fontser%C3%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduard Fontserè">Eduard Fontserè</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioquímic">bioquímic</a> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Or%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Oró">Joan Oró</a> o el biòleg <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramon_Margalef_i_L%C3%B3pez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramon Margalef i López">Ramon Margalef</a>. En la recerca científica econòmica destaca <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a>.</p> <p>Tant el govern com les empreses privades realitzen grans inversions econòmiques per a potenciar les recerques científiques i tecnològiques. Destaca en aquest cas el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell_Superior_d%27Investigacions_Cient%C3%ADfiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consell Superior d'Investigacions Científiques">Consell Superior d'Investigacions Científiques</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/els-paisos-catalans">Els Països Catalans</a>». <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>. Barcelona: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103125414/https://www.idescat.cat/dades/ep/8milions.html">Idescat. Estimacions de població.</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya, IDESCAT. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/dades/ep/8milions.html">original</a> el 2023-11-03. [Consulta: 3 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ramon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ramon_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ramon_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAbadal_i_de_Vinyals1926-55"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramon_d%27Abadal_i_de_Vinyals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramon d'Abadal i de Vinyals"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Abadal i de Vinyals</span>, Ramon</a>. <i>Catalunya carolíngia</i>. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1926-55.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalunya+carol%C3%ADngia&rft.aulast=Abadal+i+de+Vinyals&rft.aufirst=Ramon&rft.date=1926-55&rft.pub=Institut+d%27Estudis+Catalans"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:5_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:5_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233040/https://web.gencat.cat/ca/temes/catalunya/coneixer/cultura-llengua/">Història</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.gencat.cat/ca/temes/catalunya/coneixer/cultura-llengua/">original</a> el 2024-05-24. [Consulta: 24 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Miquel-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Miquel_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Miquel_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFColl_i_Alentorn1992"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miquel_Coll_i_Alentorn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miquel Coll i Alentorn"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Coll i Alentorn</span>, Miquel</a>. <i>Història</i>. Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-321-1882-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-321-1882-1">ISBN 978-84-321-1882-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria&rft.aulast=Coll+i+Alentorn&rft.aufirst=Miquel&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Publicacions+de+l%27Abadia+de+Montserrat&rft.isbn=978-84-321-1882-1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGort_Juanpere1994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gort Juanpere</span>, Ezequiel. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413185611/http://www.cornudellaweb.com/siurana/llegendes.htm">Siurana. La llegenda de la reconquesta</a>». Siurana, les llegendes, 1994. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cornudellaweb.com/siurana/llegendes.htm">original</a> el 13 d’abril 2010. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ref_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ref_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHernàndez_Cardona2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hernàndez Cardona</span>, Francesc Xavier. <i>Història militar de Catalunya. Vol III: La defensa de la terra</i>. Rafael Dalmau, 2003. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-232-0664-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-232-0664-5">ISBN 84-232-0664-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria+militar+de+Catalunya.+Vol+III%3A+La+defensa+de+la+terra&rft.aulast=Hern%C3%A0ndez+Cardona&rft.aufirst=Francesc+Xavier&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Rafael+Dalmau&rft.isbn=84-232-0664-5"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-smae-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-smae_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En francès">(francès)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590001.pdf">Text complet del Tractat dels Pirineus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050918195527/http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590001.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2005-09-18 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. transcripció dels arxius nacionals de França (en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PDF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ara.cat/politica/DIRECTE-Parlament-propostes-resolucio-respondre_0_1895210574.html">El Parlament declara la República i posa en marxa el Procés Constituent</a>». <i>Ara.cat</i>, 25-05-2024.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-bbc17oct-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbc17oct_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-41780116">Catalan parliament declares independence from Spain</a>». <i>BBC</i>, 27-10-2017 [Consulta: 27 octubre 2017].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122093014/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-41780116">Arxivat</a> 22 de gener 2018 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-publico17-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-publico17_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.publico.es/politica/realmente-aprobo-parlament-viernes-independencia-catalunya.html">¿Realmente aprobó el Parlament el viernes la independencia de Catalunya?</a>». <i>Publico</i>, 28-10-2017 [Consulta: 20 gener 2019].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010926/https://www.publico.es/politica/realmente-aprobo-parlament-viernes-independencia-catalunya.html">Arxivat</a> 21 de gener 2019 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-mundo218-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mundo218_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2018/06/02/5b1279a446163fb53f8b45f3.html">Fin a la aplicación del artículo 155 de la Constitución en Cataluña 218 días después de la intervención</a>». <i>El Mundo</i>, 02-06-2018 [Consulta: 20 gener 2019].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:6-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:6_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:6_13-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233041/https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097616">Preàmbul</a>». <i>Estatut d'autonomia de Catalunya 2006</i>. Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097616">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225221644/https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionCATALAN.pdf">Constitució Espanyola</a>» p. 9. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionCATALAN.pdf">original</a> el 25 de febrer 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233041/https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097627">Article 10 - La capital</a>». <i>Estatut de Catalunya</i>. Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097627">original</a> el 2024-05-24. [Consulta: 24 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-idescat01-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-idescat01_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330084818/https://www.idescat.cat/serveis/biblioteca/docs/cat/eulp2013.pdf">Enquesta d’usos lingüístics de la població 2013</a>». Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya, 2015. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/serveis/biblioteca/docs/cat/eulp2013.pdf">original</a> el 30 de març 2023. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-idescat-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-idescat_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-idescat_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108094939/https://llengua.gencat.cat/web/.content/documents/dadesestudis/altres/arxius/dossier-eulp-2018.pdf">Els usos lingüísitcs de la població de Catalunya</a>». <i>Anuari estadístic de Catalunya 2018</i> p. 43. Idescat, 2018. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://llengua.gencat.cat/web/.content/documents/dadesestudis/altres/arxius/dossier-eulp-2018.pdf">original</a> el 8 de novembre 2023. [Consulta: 8 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:7_18-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:7_18-1">18,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101023358/http://www.gencat.cat/catalunya/cat/historia/historia2.htm">La formació de Catalunya</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gencat.cat/catalunya/cat/historia/historia2.htm">original</a> el 1 gener 2009. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-neni-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-neni_19-0">19,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-neni_19-1">19,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711063307/http://neni.galeon.com/aficiones1345631.html">Curiositats sobre Catalunya i el català</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://neni.galeon.com/aficiones1345631.html">original</a> el 2011-07-11. [Consulta: 3 desembre 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRubio_García1978"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rubio García</span>, Luis. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233040/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo%3D1342520">Catalán - Cataluña</a>» (en castellà), 1978. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo%3D1342520">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630085518/http://blogs.sapiens.cat/socialsenxarxa/2012/03/26/etimologia-de-catalunya/">Etimologia de Catalunya</a>». sàpiens.cat, 26-03-2012. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.sapiens.cat/socialsenxarxa/2012/03/26/etimologia-de-catalunya/">original</a> el 30 de juny 2017. [Consulta: 15 juliol 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-GEC-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_22-1">22,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_22-2">22,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_22-3">22,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_22-4">22,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703201728/https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3">Catalunya</a>». enciclopedia.cat. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3">original</a> el 3 de juliol 2022. [Consulta: 20 juliol 2022].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Coll-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coll_23-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coll_23-1">23,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coll_23-2">23,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coll_23-3">23,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coll_23-4">23,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFColl_i_Alentorn1992"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miquel_Coll_i_Alentorn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miquel Coll i Alentorn"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Coll i Alentorn</span>, Miquel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.cat/books?id%3DnrGpXHsfL3UC%26hl%3Dca"><i>Textos i Estudis de Cultura Catalana: Història</i></a>. Barcelona: Curial/Abadia de Montserrat, 1992, p. 185. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8478262997?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8478262997">ISBN 8478262997</a></span> [Consulta: 12 abril 2010].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textos+i+Estudis+de+Cultura+Catalana%3A+Hist%C3%B2ria&rft.aulast=Coll+i+Alentorn&rft.aufirst=Miquel&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Curial%2FAbadia+de+Montserrat&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=p.+185&rft.isbn=8478262997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnrGpXHsfL3UC%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVernet_Ginés1970"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vernet Ginés</span>, Juan «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222214425/https://raco.cat/index.php/BoletinRABL/article/view/195878">El nombre de Cataluña</a>». <i>Butlletí de la Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona</i>, 1970, pàg. 133–136. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://raco.cat/index.php/BoletinRABL/article/view/195878">original</a> el 2022-12-22. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2339-9864">2339-9864</a> [Consulta: 11 febrer 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-histocat-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-histocat_25-0">25,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-histocat_25-1">25,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413172344/http://www.histocat.cat/pdf/talaiotic_1.pdf">El Misteri de la Paraula Cathalunya</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.histocat.cat/pdf/talaiotic_1.pdf">original</a> el 2008-04-13. [Consulta: 30 abril 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hillgarth-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hillgarth_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Jocelyn Nigel Hillgarth <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/spanishkingdoms10002hill"><i>The Spanish Kingdoms 1250-1516</i></a>. Oxford University Press, 1976. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/019822530x?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/019822530x">ISBN 019822530x</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Kingdoms+1250-1516&rft.date=1976&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=019822530x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspanishkingdoms10002hill"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ryder-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ryder_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Alan Ryder <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/wreckofcatalonia0000ryde"><i>The Wreck of Catalonia. Civil War in the Fifteenth Century</i></a>. Oxford University Press, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-19-920736-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-19-920736-7">ISBN 978-0-19-920736-7</a></span>. «This group of states comprised the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, and Majorca, the principality of Catalonia, and the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne; further afield it embraced the kingdoms of Sicily and Sardinia. These states had no common institutions or bonds save allegiance to a common sovereign»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wreck+of+Catalonia.+Civil+War+in+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920736-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwreckofcatalonia0000ryde"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-elliot-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-elliot_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">J. H. Elliot <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/revoltofcatalans0000elli"><i>The revolt of the Catalans. A study in the decline of Spain (1598-1640)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press, 1984. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0521278902?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0521278902">ISBN 0521278902</a></span>. «The Crown of Aragon [...] consisted of three territories, each with its own institutions but governed by a single dynasty; the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+revolt+of+the+Catalans.+A+study+in+the+decline+of+Spain+%281598-1640%29&rft.date=1984&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0521278902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevoltofcatalans0000elli"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fontana (2004: 20).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-encartaesp-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-encartaesp_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556976_4/Catalunya_Catalu%25C3%25B1a.html%23s13">Cataluña</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525213437/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556976_4/Catalunya_Catalu%25C3%25B1a.html%23s13">Arxivat</a> 2006-05-25 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 6. Historia. MSN Encarta en español. [Consulta: 27 de setembre de 2009]</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SESMA02-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SESMA02_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#SESMA-2000">Sesma 2000</a>, pàg. 14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SESMA-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SESMA_32-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SESMA_32-1">32,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SESMA_32-2">32,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#SESMA-2000">Sesma 2000</a>, pàg. 60</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SESMA01-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SESMA01_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#SESMA-2000">Sesma 2000</a>, pàg. 62</span></li> <li id="cite_note-HINOJOSA-2006-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HINOJOSA-2006_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#HINOJOSA-2006">Hinojosa 2006</a>, pp. 268-269 <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">«</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">El impulso decisivo vino de la mano de Jaime II, que con gran habilidad transformó la unión dinàstica en una federación de Estados, todavía imperfecta, pero de gran efectividad, sobre todo cara a la proyección mediterránea de la Corona, utilizando para ello las Cortes particulares de cada Estado, delimitando las fronteras entre ellos, y dotándolos de administraciones y gobiernos similares, aunque conservando sus particularidades fiscales, monetarias o judiciales. Como señaló E. Sarasa (La Corona de Aragón en la Edad Media, Zaragoza, 2001) "la dualidad monarquía común y diversidad territorial parece que fue la clave del éxito de la Corona de Aragón como realidad histórica, al margen de las denominaciones aplicadas por algunos autores (Imperio catalano-aragonés, Confederación catalano-aragonesa, Condes-Reyes, etc.)". En tiempos de Jaime II "Corona de Aragón" (Corona Aragonie) era la denominación habitual para el dominio real. La monarquía cohesionaría la actuación exterior de los tres Estados, cuyos objetivos eran similares, pero siempre tratando de equilibrar las fuerzas centrales y las periféricas; de modo que para fortalecer el conjunto, Jaime II promovió en la Cortes de Tarragona -en 1319- el Privilegio de Unión, proclamando la indivisibilidd de los tres Estados que integraban la Corona de Aragón, y en el juramento real se introdujo la fórmula de mantener íntegra y unida la Corona. En definitiva, La Corona de Aragón era la Corona del rey. No olvidemos, por lo demás, que la Corona de Aragón no fue sólo una construcción política, sinó también una potencia mercantil, marítima y cultural de primer orden en el Mediterráneo, cuyo éxito se basó en el papel de la monarquía como institución indiscutible y aglutinadora, posición que se afirmó en el tránsito de los siglos XIII y XIV, precisamenet durante el reinado del rey Justo.</td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">»</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— Hinojosa Montalvo, José; Jaime II y el esplendor de la Corona de Aragón; pp. 268-269</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cfr.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.seacex.es/Spanish/Publicaciones/126/corona_aragon_08_03_expan.pdf">«La expansión: el Casal d'Aragó (1213-1412) / L'expansió: el Casal d'Aragó (1213-1412)»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110650/http://www.seacex.es/Spanish/Publicaciones/126/corona_aragon_08_03_expan.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2011-07-20 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Belenguer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Belenguer">Ernest Belenguer</a>, Felipe V. Garín Llombart y Carmen Morte García, <i>La Corona de Aragón. El poder y la imagen de la Edad Media a la Edad Moderna (siglos XII - XVIII)</i>, Sociedad Estatal para la Acción Cultural Exterior (SEACEX), Generalitat Valenciana y Ministerio de Cultura de España - Lunwerg, 2006. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-9785-261-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-9785-261-3">ISBN 84-9785-261-3</a>: <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">«</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">Entre los siglos XII y XIV, la documentación poco habla de Corona de Aragón y más del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casal_d%27Arag%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casal d'Aragó">Casal d'Aragó</a>, si bien la expresión de Corona de Aragón ya se observa con Jaime el Justo, prevaleciendo así el título jerárquico del reino por delante del de condado y principado.</td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">»</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— Belenguer, Garín Llombart y Carmen Morte, «La expansión: el Casal d'Aragó (1213-1412) / L'expansió: el Casal d'Aragó (1213-1412)», <i>op. cit</i>. 2006.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dames,_reines,_abadesses-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dames,_reines,_abadesses_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlbertí2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Albertí</span>, Elisenda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.albertieditor.cat/ficha.php?id_producto%3D5874"><i>Dames, reines, abadesses, 18 personalitats femenines a la Catalunya medieval</i></a>. Albertí Editor, 2007, p. 150-152 [Consulta: 13 maig 2013].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dames%2C+reines%2C+abadesses%2C+18+personalitats+femenines+a+la+Catalunya+medieval&rft.aulast=Albert%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=Elisenda&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Albert%C3%AD+Editor&rft.pages=p.+150-152&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albertieditor.cat%2Fficha.php%3Fid_producto%3D5874"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212852/http://www.albertieditor.cat/ficha.php?id_producto%3D5874">Arxivat</a> 2014-11-08 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050918195527/http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590001.pdf%23federation%3Darchive.wikiwix.com%26tab%3Durl">Text complet del Tractat dels Pirineus</a>» (en francès). Direction Générale des Archives Nationales. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590001.pdf">original</a> el 18 de setembre 2005. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlbareda_Salvadó2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Albareda Salvadó</span>, Joaquim. <i>La Guerra de Successió d'Espanya</i>, 2010. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9892-060-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9892-060-4">ISBN 978-84-9892-060-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Guerra+de+Successi%C3%B3+d%27Espanya&rft.aulast=Albareda+Salvad%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Joaquim&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.isbn=978-84-9892-060-4"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSobrequés_Callicó2021"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sobrequés Callicó</span>, Jaume. <i>Repressió borbònica i resistència identitària a la Catalunya del segle XVIII</i>. Departament de Justícia de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 29-01-2021, p. 410. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-18601-20-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-18601-20-0">ISBN 978-84-18601-20-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Repressi%C3%B3+borb%C3%B2nica+i+resist%C3%A8ncia+identit%C3%A0ria+a+la+Catalunya+del+segle+XVIII&rft.aulast=Sobrequ%C3%A9s+Callic%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Jaume&rft.date=29-01-2021&rft.pub=Departament+de+Just%C3%ADcia+de+la+Generalitat+de+Catalunya&rft.pages=410&rft.isbn=978-84-18601-20-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSimon2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Simon</span>, Antoni «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdl.handle.net/10550/34591">Els orígens històrics de l'anticatalanisme</a>». <i>L'Espill</i>, núm. 24, 2006, pàg. 45-46.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPruna2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pruna</span>, Gerard «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ara.cat/politica/compareixenca-Puigdemont-Parlament-referendum-1-O-DUI-independencia_0_1885011673.html">Puigdemont posa en pausa la DUI per obrir una última porta al diàleg</a>». <i>Ara</i>, 11-10-2017 [Consulta: 11 octubre 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRedacció2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Redacció</span> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027144358/https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/proclamada-la-republica-catalana-declaracio-independencia-catalunya-parlament/">Proclamada la República Catalana</a>». <i>Vilaweb</i>, 27-10-2017. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/proclamada-la-republica-catalana-declaracio-independencia-catalunya-parlament/">original</a> el 2017-10-27 [Consulta: 27 octubre 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113202534/http://www15.gencat.net/pres_catalunya_dades/AppPHP/cat/territori.htm%23territori">Quin tipus de territori tenim?</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www15.gencat.net/pres_catalunya_dades/AppPHP/cat/territori.htm%23territori">original</a> el 2009-01-13. [Consulta: 1r maig 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524234542/https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3%23anchor_-la-geografia">La geografia</a>». Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3%23anchor_-la-geografia">original</a> el 2024-05-24. [Consulta: 24 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordi Sacasas i Lluís, <i>Geografía de Catalunya</i>, Publicacions L'Abadia de Montserrat. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-8415-915-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-8415-915-5">ISBN 978-84-8415-915-5</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-GEC_clima-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-0">46,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-1">46,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-2">46,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GEC_clima_46-3">46,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524234542/https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3%23anchor_-el-clima-i-la-hidrografia">El clima i la hidrografia</a>». <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/catalunya-3%23anchor_-el-clima-i-la-hidrografia">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321091410/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556976_1/Catalunya_Catalu%25C3%25B1a.html">Catalunya / Cataluña</a>» (en castellà). MSN Encarta. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556976_1/Catalunya_Catalu%25C3%25B1a.html">original</a> el 21 març 2007. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082817/http://www.gencat.cat/mediamb/publicacions/monografies/bd_conservacio/bd_catalunya_ca_basic.pdf">Biodiversitat a Catalunya</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gencat.cat/mediamb/publicacions/monografies/bd_conservacio/bd_catalunya_ca_basic.pdf">original</a> el 24 de setembre 2015. [Consulta: 6 desembre 2014].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gencat.net/generalitat/cat/estatut/titol_2.htm">De les institucions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125232106/http://www.gencat.net/generalitat/cat/estatut/titol_2.htm">Arxivat</a> 2009-01-25 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya, 2006</span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233041/https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097625">Símbols de Catalunya</a>». <i>Estatut de Catalunya</i>. Generalitat de Catalunya, 2006. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/document-del-pjur/?documentId%3D401680%26language%3Dca%231097625">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233040/https://web.gencat.cat/ca/temes/catalunya/coneixer/cultura-llengua/%23simbols-nacionals">Símbols nacionals</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.gencat.cat/ca/temes/catalunya/coneixer/cultura-llengua/%23simbols-nacionals">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233040/https://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/himne-nacional-/">Himne nacional</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/himne-nacional-/">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233042/https://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/historia/-reconeixement-legal-/">Diada Nacional de Catalunya - Reconeixement legal</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/historia/-reconeixement-legal-/">original</a> el 2024-05-24. [Consulta: 24 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233041/https://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/historia/">Diada Nacional de Catalunya - Història</a>». Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.gencat.cat/ca/diada-nacional-de-catalunya/historia/">original</a> el 24 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_55-0">55,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_55-1">55,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630160650/https://www.idescat.cat/pub/?id%3Daec%26n%3D250">Idescat. Anuari estadístic de Catalunya. Densitat de població. Municipis amb més de 20.000 habitants</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/pub/?id%3Daec%26n%3D250">original</a> el 2019-06-30. [Consulta: 14 desembre 2020].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-facts-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-facts_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719132200/http://www.cidem.com/catalonia/en/about/facts/index.jsp">Facts and Figures</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cidem.com/catalonia/en/about/facts/index.jsp">original</a> el 2009-07-19. [Consulta: 30 abril 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20_minutos-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20_minutos_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPellicer2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pellicer</span>, Lluís «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202074304/https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3205529/0/el-grupo-hotelero-axel-traslada-su-sede-social-de-cataluna-a-madrid/">El grupo Axel, Argal y Pirelli trasladan su sede social de Cataluña</a>» (en castellà). <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_minutos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 minutos">20 minutos</a></i>, 05-12-2017. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3205529/0/el-grupo-hotelero-axel-traslada-su-sede-social-de-cataluna-a-madrid/">original</a> el 2022-02-02 [Consulta: 1r febrer 2022].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-quebec-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-quebec_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lavanguardia.com/encatala/20171009/431913145350/empreses-fugen-separacio-estat-casos-quebec-escocia-crisis-financera-catalunya.html">L'ombra de l'efecte Mont-real: empreses que van marxar per no tornar</a>». <i>La vanguardia</i>, 09-10-2017.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202074305/https://www.lavanguardia.com/encatala/20171009/431913145350/empreses-fugen-separacio-estat-casos-quebec-escocia-crisis-financera-catalunya.html">Arxivat</a> 2022-02-02 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:4-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184451/http://www.viaempresa.cat/economia/empreses-canvi-real-seu-catalunya_52200_102.html">No són 3.000 empreses, són 332 (de veritat)</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.viaempresa.cat/economia/empreses-canvi-real-seu-catalunya_52200_102.html">original</a> el 2018-01-15. [Consulta: 14 gener 2018].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030232801/https://www.ara.cat/es/economia/Solo-empresas-completado-traslado-sede_0_1927607411.html">Solo un 12% de las empresas han completado el traslado de sede fuera de Cataluña</a>». <i>Ara.cat</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ara.cat/es/economia/Solo-empresas-completado-traslado-sede_0_1927607411.html">original</a> el 2020-10-30 [Consulta: 1r febrer 2022].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-r-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-r_61-0">61,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-r_61-1">61,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMartín2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Martín</span>, Albert «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215061653/https://www.ara.cat/economia/CaixaBank-Sabadell-semporten-fora-Catalunya_0_1882611774.html">CaixaBank i el Sabadell s'emporten la seu fora de Catalunya</a>». <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ara_(diari)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ara (diari)">Ara</a></i>, 06-10-2017. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ara.cat/economia/CaixaBank-Sabadell-semporten-fora-Catalunya_0_1882611774.html">original</a> el 2020-12-15 [Consulta: 1r febrer 2022].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-definitiu-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-definitiu_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFde_Barrón2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Barrón</span>, Íñigo «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://elpais.com/economia/2017/10/06/actualidad/1507307282_078001.html">El consejo de CaixaBank decide trasladar la sede de Barcelona a Valencia</a>». <i>elPaís</i>, 06-10-2017.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201060818/https://elpais.com/economia/2017/10/06/actualidad/1507307282_078001.html">Arxivat</a> 2022-02-01 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085227/https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/el-gover-espanyol-aprova-el-decret-llei-per-a-facilitar-la-sortida-dempreses-de-catalunya/">El govern espanyol aprova el decret llei per a facilitar la sortida d'empreses de Catalunya</a>». <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VilaWeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VilaWeb">VilaWeb</a>, 06-10-2017. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/el-gover-espanyol-aprova-el-decret-llei-per-a-facilitar-la-sortida-dempreses-de-catalunya/">original</a> el 22 d’octubre 2017. [Consulta: 22 octubre 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCadanet2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cadanet</span>, Albert. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018200624/http://www.ara.cat/economia/Seat-Martoell-pressions-seu_0_1889811184.html">El comitè d'empresa diu que Seat ha rebut pressions "polítiques i monàrquiques" per marxar de Catalunya</a>». Barcelona: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ara_(diari)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ara (diari)">Ara</a>, 18-10-2017. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ara.cat/economia/Seat-Martoell-pressions-seu_0_1889811184.html">original</a> el 18 d’octubre 2017. [Consulta: 19 octubre 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507064557/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt/default/table?lang%3Den">Unemployment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 regions (%)</a>» (en anglès). Eurostat. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt/default/table?lang%3Den">original</a> el 7 de maig 2024. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107115317/https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10345">Idescat. Indicadors anuals. Taxa de mortalitat infantil i perinatal.</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10345">original</a> el 2023-11-07. [Consulta: 7 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108083615/https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10380">Idescat. Indicadors anuals. Esperança de vida a diferents edats.</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10380">original</a> el 2023-11-08. [Consulta: 8 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:3-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_68-0">68,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_68-1">68,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222153502/https://www.idescat.cat/novetats/?id%3D4707">Idescat. Novetats. Estimacions de població. S2/2023, 1 de novembre 2023. Avanç. Dades provisionals</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/novetats/?id%3D4707">original</a> el 2023-12-22. [Consulta: 7 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106111500/https://www.amb.cat/web/area-metropolitana/coneixer-l-area-metropolitana/poblacio">Població - L'àrea metropolitana - Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amb.cat/web/area-metropolitana/coneixer-l-area-metropolitana/poblacio">original</a> el 2023-11-06. [Consulta: 7 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220448/http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D917%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">Moviment Natural. Fecunditat</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D917%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">original</a> el 2007-09-26. [Consulta: 30 abril 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220523/http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D918%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">Moviment natural. Mortalitat</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D918%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">original</a> el 2007-09-26. [Consulta: 30 abril 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007201432/http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D915%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">Estructura per edats, envelliment i dependència. Sèrie temporal</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D914%26V4%3D915%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D1%26CTX%3DB">original</a> el 2007-10-07. [Consulta: 30 abril 2007].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barometer2020-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barometer2020_73-0">73,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barometer2020_73-1">73,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519141322/http://justicia.gencat.cat/web/.content/afers-religiosos/05_estudis/barometre/Informe-de-resultats.pdf">Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat 2020</a>». Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://justicia.gencat.cat/web/.content/afers-religiosos/05_estudis/barometre/Informe-de-resultats.pdf">original</a> el 19 de maig 2021. [Consulta: 19 maig 2021].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barometer2016-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barometer2016_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020120353/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2017/07/03/10/56/eee690bf-45d9-4db2-b84f-2c31bfab72ff.pdf">Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat 2016</a>». Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya, 2016. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2017/07/03/10/56/eee690bf-45d9-4db2-b84f-2c31bfab72ff.pdf">original</a> el 20 octubre 2018.</span> p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://es.opinometre.com/2016/11/03/barometre-religiositat-2016/">Quick data from the 2016 barometer of Catalonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182104/http://es.opinometre.com/2016/11/03/barometre-religiositat-2016/">Arxivat</a> 20 October 2018<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[Date mismatch]</sup></span> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barometer20142-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barometer20142_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926184822/http://governacio.gencat.cat/web/.content/afers_religiosos/documents/Mapa_2014/Barometre2014_resultats.pdf">Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat</a>». Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya, 2014. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://governacio.gencat.cat/web/.content/afers_religiosos/documents/Mapa_2014/Barometre2014_resultats.pdf">original</a> el 26 setembre 2017.</span> p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.gencat.cat/es/actualitat/detall/Barometre-sobre-la-religiositat-i-Mapa-religios-de-Catalunya">Quick data from the 2014 barometer of Catalonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927155818/http://web.gencat.cat/es/actualitat/detall/Barometre-sobre-la-religiositat-i-Mapa-religios-de-Catalunya">Arxivat</a> 27 September 2017<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[Date mismatch]</sup></span> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108094936/https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10367">Idescat. Indicadors anuals. Coneixement de llengües: català, castellà, anglès i francès.</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10367">original</a> el 2023-11-08. [Consulta: 8 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406183820/http://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10364">Idescat. Indicadors anuals. Usos lingüístics de la població. Llengua inicial, d'identificació i habitual.</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id%3Danuals%26n%3D10364">original</a> el 2024-04-06. [Consulta: 1r juliol 2021].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108095000/https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/estadistica/catala/Estadistiques_per_temes/Poblacio_i_demografia/Documents_relacionats/pobest/a2023/part2/nt23.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20231108095000/https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/estadistica/catala/Estadistiques_per_temes/Poblacio_i_demografia/Documents_relacionats/pobest/a2023/part2/nt23.htm</a> Nombre de pa�sos de naixement i de nacionalitat per districtes]». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/estadistica/catala/Estadistiques_per_temes/Poblacio_i_demografia/Documents_relacionats/pobest/a2023/part2/nt23.htm">original</a> el 2023-11-08. [Consulta: 8 novembre 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnologue_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222093520/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code%3Dcat">Fitxa de llengua a <i>Languages of the World</i></a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code%3Dcat">original</a> el 2005-12-22. [Consulta: 4 febrer 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Apóstofe-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ap%C3%B3stofe_80-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">S. Alonso, A. López P. Lumbreras, A.Pérez. <i>Apóstrofe, Lengua y Literatura, Bachillerato p.14-15</i>. Casals, 2004. 8421829254.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ap%C3%B3strofe%2C+Lengua+y+Literatura%2C+Bachillerato+p.14-15&rft.au=S.+Alonso%2C+A.+L%C3%B3pez+P.+Lumbreras%2C+A.P%C3%A9rez&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Casals"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-El_Carxe-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-El_Carxe_81-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Limorti, Ester; Artur Quintana. <i>El Carxe. Recull de literatura popular valenciana de Múrcia</i>. Alacant: Institut de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert, 1998. 8477843155.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Carxe.+Recull+de+literatura+popular+valenciana+de+M%C3%BArcia&rft.au=Limorti%2C+Ester%3B+Artur+Quintana&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=Institut+de+Cultura+Juan+Gil-Albert&rft.place=Alacant"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.iecat.net/gc/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId%3D941%26languageId%3D1%26contentId%3D4483">Declaració sobre la denominació de la llengua catalana</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Manteniment_d'enlla%C3%A7os_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181117/http://www.avl.gva.es/va/acords-AVL/main/03/document/NOMENTITAT.pdf">Posició de l'Acadèmia Valenciana de la llengua enfront de la denominació de Valencià</a>» (PDF). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.avl.gva.es/va/acords-AVL/main/03/document/NOMENTITAT.pdf">original</a> el 2015-09-23. [Consulta: 9 agost 2012].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFerran_i_Baltrons2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ferran i Baltrons</span>, Francesc. «La relació entre el català i l'occità». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DfEZ3XKkinDwC%26pg%3DPA93%26dq%3Dcatal%25C3%25A0%2Boccit%25C3%25A0%2Bllengues%2Bproperes%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DlIIOVcfXBszeUfK4g7AC%26ved%3D0CCMQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dcatal%25C3%25A0%2520occit%25C3%25A0%2520llengues%2520properes%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Actes del catorzè Col·loqui internacional de llengua i literatura</i></a>. vol.3. L'Abadia de Montserrat, 2010, p. 92-93. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8498832489?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8498832489">ISBN 8498832489</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Actes+del+catorz%C3%A8+Col%C2%B7loqui+internacional+de+llengua+i+literatura&rft.atitle=La+relaci%C3%B3+entre+el+catal%C3%A0+i+l%27occit%C3%A0&rft.aulast=Ferran+i+Baltrons&rft.aufirst=Francesc&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=L%27Abadia+de+Montserrat&rft.pages=92-93&rft.isbn=8498832489&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfEZ3XKkinDwC%26pg%3DPA93%26dq%3Dcatal%25C3%25A0%2Boccit%25C3%25A0%2Bllengues%2Bproperes%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DlIIOVcfXBszeUfK4g7AC%26ved%3D0CCMQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dcatal%25C3%25A0%2520occit%25C3%25A0%2520llengues%2520properes%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-0">85,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-1">85,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-2">85,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-3">85,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-4">85,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-5">85,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-6">85,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_85-7">85,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192810/http://www.idescat.cat/cat/idescat/publicacions/cataleg/pdfdocs/eulp2013.pdf">Còpia arxivada</a>». <i>Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població</i>, 2013. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/cat/idescat/publicacions/cataleg/pdfdocs/eulp2013.pdf">original</a> el 2016-03-03 [Consulta: 26 juliol 2016].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-materna2008-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-materna2008_86-0">86,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-materna2008_86-1">86,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/territ/basicterr?tc%3D5%26v0%3D3%26v1%3D3%26v3%3D3162%26v4%3D3163%26allinfo%3Dtrue%26parent%3D25%26ctx%3Db">Població segons llengua inicial. Catalunya. Any 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209005713/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3162%26V4%3D3163%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DB">Arxivat</a> 2014-12-09 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008. Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (Idescat).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-propia2008-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-propia2008_87-0">87,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-propia2008_87-1">87,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/territ/basicterr?tc%3D5%26v0%3D3%26v1%3D3%26v3%3D3171%26v4%3D3173%26allinfo%3Dtrue%26parent%3D25%26ctx%3Db">Població segons llengua d'identificació. Catalunya. Any 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304221157/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3171%26V4%3D3173%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DB">Arxivat</a> 2010-03-04 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008. Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (Idescat).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-habitual2008-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-habitual2008_88-0">88,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-habitual2008_88-1">88,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/territ/basicterr?tc%3D5%26v0%3D3%26v1%3D3%26v3%3D3191%26v4%3D3192%26allinfo%3Dtrue%26parent%3D25%26ctx%3Db">Població segons llengua habitual. Catalunya. Any 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209005716/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3191%26V4%3D3192%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DB">Arxivat</a> 2014-12-09 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008. Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (Idescat).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/llengcat/documents/dades_territori_poblacio/altres/arxius/eulp2008.pdf">Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709132415/http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Llengcat/Documents/Dades_territori_poblacio/Altres/Arxius/EULP2008.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2011-07-09 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., cap. 8. <i>La Vall d'Aran</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402153721/http://www.avui.cat/noticia/article/2-societat/5-societat/391204-el-catala-mes-atractiu.html">El català, més atractiu</a>». Avui, 01-04-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.avui.cat/noticia/article/2-societat/5-societat/391204-el-catala-mes-atractiu.html">original</a> el 2011-04-02. [Consulta: 1r abril 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920161156/https://ced.uab.cat/publicacions/PapersPDF/Text183.pdf">Anna Cabré: <i>Immigració i estat del benestar</i></a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ced.uab.cat/publicacions/PapersPDF/Text183.pdf">original</a> el 2020-09-20. [Consulta: 29 maig 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CRUSCAT-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CRUSCAT_92-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115014155/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3313%26V4%3D3314%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DBVs.">As.: <i>Estadística sobre els usos lingüístics a Catalunya 2008</i></a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3313%26V4%3D3314%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DBVs.">original</a> el 2013-01-15. [Consulta: 28 febrer 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819073127/http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/Llengcat/menuitem.b318de7236aed0e7a129d410b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid%3D13d54e17d7993210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D13d54e17d7993210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD%26vgnextfmt%3Ddefault">Cens lingüístic 2007</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/Llengcat/menuitem.b318de7236aed0e7a129d410b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid%3D13d54e17d7993210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D13d54e17d7993210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD%26vgnextfmt%3Ddefault">original</a> el 2011-08-19. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_94-0">94,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_94-1">94,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_94-2">94,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192810/http://www.idescat.cat/cat/idescat/publicacions/cataleg/pdfdocs/eulp2013.pdf">Còpia arxivada</a>». <i>Població segons llengua habitual. Catalunya 2013</i>, pàg. 49. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/cat/idescat/publicacions/cataleg/pdfdocs/eulp2013.pdf">original</a> el 2016-03-03 [Consulta: 26 juliol 2016].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-usos44-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-usos44_95-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#usos2008">Enquesta d'usos lingüístics 2008, pàg. 44</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3319%26V4%3D3320%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DB"><i>Població segons llengua d'identificació. Dades enllaçades 2003-2008 Catalunya. Any 2008.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811082134/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC%3D5%26V0%3D3%26V1%3D3%26V3%3D3319%26V4%3D3320%26ALLINFO%3DTRUE%26PARENT%3D25%26CTX%3DB">Arxivat</a> 2011-08-11 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (Idescat)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">El català perd pes com a llengua habitual per la immigració],<i> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El País">El País</a></i>, 30 de juny de 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cidob.org/es/content/download/9512/96862/file/WP%2B2aGeneraci%25">C3% B3 + a + BCN.pdf La Segona Generació a Barcelona : Un Estudi Longitudinal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306130148/http://www.cidob.org/es/content/download/9512/96862/file/wp%2B2ageneraci%2525">Arxivat</a> 2016-03-06 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., d'Alejandro Portes (Universitat de Princenton), Rosa Aparicio (Universitat Pontifícia de Comillas) i Wiliam Haller (Universitat de Clemson)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929115352/http://www.gencat.cat/generalitat/cas/estatut/titol_preliminar.htm">Títol preliminar de l'Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 2006</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gencat.cat/generalitat/cas/estatut/titol_preliminar.htm">original</a> el 2011-09-29. [Consulta: 28 febrer 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329184226/https://www.tarragonaturisme.cat/ca/tarragona-ciutat-de-castells">Tarragona, Ciutat de Castells - Tarragona Turisme</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tarragonaturisme.cat/ca/tarragona-ciutat-de-castells">original</a> el 2023-03-29. [Consulta: 29 març 2023].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305123803/http://www.cronica.cat/noticia/Catalunya_diu_adeu_a_les_corrides_de_toros">Catalunya diu adéu a les corrides de toros</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cronica.cat/noticia/Catalunya_diu_adeu_a_les_corrides_de_toros">original</a> el 2012-03-05. [Consulta: 28 juliol 2010].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/noticia/article/3-politica/17-politica/200585-catalunya-prohibeix-les-corrides-de-toros-a-partir-del-2012.html">Catalunya prohibeix les corrides de toros a partir del 2012</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213095803/http://www.gencat.cat/catalunya/cas/simbols.htm">Símbols nacionals de Catalunya - La festa</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gencat.cat/catalunya/cas/simbols.htm">original</a> el 2010-02-13. [Consulta: 12 febrer 2017].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-cavaba-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cavaba_104-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diccionari CA-VA-BA d'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dcvb.iecat.net/">Alcover-Moll</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040826061207/http://dcvb.iecat.net/">Arxivat</a> 2004-08-26 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.: <dl> <dt> català </dt> <dd> 3b) <i>m.</i> i <i>f.</i> Que parla dita llengua com a vernacla. Catalans de Mallorca o de València: els mallorquins o valencians en quant parlen la mateixa llengua de Catalunya. </dd> </dl></span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/valencia-3">Valencià</a>». <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>. Barcelona: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006062430/https://dlc.iec.cat/results.asp?txtEntrada%3Dcatal%25E0%26operEntrada%3D0">català</a>». DIEC. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dlc.iec.cat/results.asp?txtEntrada%3Dcatal%25E0%26operEntrada%3D0">original</a> el 6 d’octubre 2022. [Consulta: 25 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322160148/https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/normativa/dret-a-catalunya/lestatut/">Estatut d’autonomia de Catalunya</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/normativa/dret-a-catalunya/lestatut/">original</a> el 2024-03-22. [Consulta: 24 maig 2024].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123100410/http://www.perpignantourisme.com/ca/decouvrir/historic-ciutat">Històric de la Ciutat - Perpinyà</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perpignantourisme.com/ca/decouvrir/historic-ciutat">original</a> el 2013-11-23. [Consulta: 4 febrer 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/sites/default/files/fichiers/pdf/perpignan-capital-catalane-mythe-a-la-realite.pdf">Perpinyà, Capital de la Cultura Catalana 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821021408/http://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/sites/default/files/fichiers/pdf/perpignan-capital-catalane-mythe-a-la-realite.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2014-08-21 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En francès">(francès)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"El <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llibre_dels_Feits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Llibre dels Feits">Llibre dels Feits</a></i> (segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>) relata aquest fet durant l'assalt final a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciutat_de_Mallorca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciutat de Mallorca">ciutat de Mallorca</a>: <i>E segons que els sarraïns nos contaren, deïen que viren entrar primer a cavall un cavaller blanc ab armes blanques, e açò deu esser nostra creença que fos sent Jordi, car en hestòries trobam que en altres batalles l'han vist, de cristians e de sarraïns, moltes vegades</i>".</span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Duendes. Guia de los seres mágicos de España</i>. Jesús Callejo, Ricardo Sanchez. Ed. EDAF (5a Ed.) 1994 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7640-875-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7640-875-7">ISBN 84-7640-875-7</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cita web|títol=Restaurants a Catalunya|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viajes.viamichelin.es/web/buscar-restaurante/espana-cataluna%257Cdata%3D21">http://viajes.viamichelin.es/web/buscar-restaurante/espana-cataluna%7Cdata=21</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Manteniment_d'enlla%C3%A7os_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup> de setembre de 2012|obra=Guia Michelín</span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">cita notícia|títol=El Bulli tanca avui|url= <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lavanguardia.com/ocio/20110730/54192796806/el-bulli-cierra-hoy.html%257Cobra%3DLa">http://www.lavanguardia.com/ocio/20110730/54192796806/el-bulli-cierra-hoy.html%7Cobra=La</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Manteniment_d'enlla%C3%A7os_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup> Vanguardia|data=30 de juliol de 2011|dataaccés=21 de setembre de 2012</span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211956/http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/tele/egm-julio-audiencias-radio-mati-monica-terribas-catalunya-radio-record-jordi-baste-rac1-4322368">'El matí de Catalunya Ràdio' bate su récord</a>». El Periódico, 02-07-2015. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/tele/egm-julio-audiencias-radio-mati-monica-terribas-catalunya-radio-record-jordi-baste-rac1-4322368">original</a> el 2016-03-03. [Consulta: 25 setembre 2015].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402120226/http://www.lavanguardia.es/lv24h/20080228/53441106554.html">La Federación Española de Fútbol aprueba el Catalunya-Argentina para el próximo 24 de mayo</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lavanguardia.es/lv24h/20080228/53441106554.html">original</a> el 2008-04-02. [Consulta: 29 gener 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006165130/http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-03-06-2004/abc/Nacional/las-autonomicas-no-podrian-participar-nunca-en-un-deporte-olimpico_9621833048090.html">Las autonómicas no podrían participar nunca en un deporte olímpico</a>». ABC, 03-06-2004. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-03-06-2004/abc/Nacional/las-autonomicas-no-podrian-participar-nunca-en-un-deporte-olimpico_9621833048090.html">original</a> el 2014-10-06. [Consulta: 29 gener 2013].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europapress.cat/esports/noticia-festival-gols-trofeu-catalunya-internacional-20091223083802.html"><i>Festival de gols al I Trofeu Catalunya Internacional</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131193709/http://www.europapress.cat/esports/noticia-festival-gols-trofeu-catalunya-internacional-20091223083802.html">Arxivat</a> 2012-01-31 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. EuropaPress.cat</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="albertí"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Albertí i Casas</span>, Elisenda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.albertieditor.cat/ficha.php?id_producto%3D5874"><i>Dames, Reines, abadesses, 18 personalitats femenines a la Catalunya medieval</i></a>. Albertí Editor, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7246-085-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7246-085-0">ISBN 978-84-7246-085-0</a></span> [Consulta: 13 maig 2013].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dames%2C+Reines%2C+abadesses%2C+18+personalitats+femenines+a+la+Catalunya+medieval&rft.aulast=Albert%C3%AD+i+Casas&rft.aufirst=Elisenda&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Albert%C3%AD+Editor&rft.isbn=978-84-7246-085-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albertieditor.cat%2Fficha.php%3Fid_producto%3D5874"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212852/http://www.albertieditor.cat/ficha.php?id_producto%3D5874">Arxivat</a> 2014-11-08 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="SESMA-2000"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81ngel_Sesma_Mu%C3%B1oz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Ángel Sesma Muñoz"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sesma Muñoz</span>, José Angel</a>. <i>La Corona de Aragón. Una introducción crítica</i>. Saragossa: Caja de la Inmaculada, 2000 (Colección Mariano de Pano y Ruata - Dir. Guillermo Fatás Cabeza). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-95306-80-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-95306-80-8">ISBN 84-95306-80-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Corona+de+Arag%C3%B3n.+Una+introducci%C3%B3n+cr%C3%ADtica&rft.aulast=Sesma+Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Angel&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Caja+de+la+Inmaculada&rft.place=Saragossa&rft.series=Colecci%C3%B3n+Mariano+de+Pano+y+Ruata+-+Dir.+Guillermo+Fat%C3%A1s+Cabeza&rft.isbn=84-95306-80-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="HINOJOSA-2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hinojosa Montalvo</span>, José. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.cat/books?id%3DjbwoP1unhg0C%26lpg%3DPP1%26ots%3Drz2a8ZWtYt%26dq%3Djose%2520hinojosa%2520montalvo%26hl%3Dca%26pg%3DPA268%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Jaime II y las instituciones</a>». A: <i>Jaime II y el esplendor de la Corona de Aragón</i>. Editorial NEREA, 2006. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8489569991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8489569991">ISBN 8489569991</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jaime+II+y+el+esplendor+de+la+Corona+de+Arag%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Jaime+II+y+las+instituciones&rft.aulast=Hinojosa+Montalvo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Editorial+NEREA&rft.isbn=8489569991"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div style="clear:right; float:right; border:solid #aaaaaa 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="max-width:238px; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%; line-height:110%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:45px; height:45px; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"> <noscript> <img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg/36px-Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="123"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 36px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg/36px-Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg.png" data-alt="Portal" data-width="36" data-height="36" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg/54px-Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg/72px-Flag_map_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> <td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;"><p><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Catalunya">Portal de Catalunya</a></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llista_de_noms_llatins_de_poblacions_catalanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llista de noms llatins de poblacions catalanes">Llista de noms llatins de poblacions catalanes</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalunya_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalunya Nord">Catalunya Nord</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fauna_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fauna de Catalunya">Fauna de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegetaci%C3%B3_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vegetació de Catalunya">Vegetació de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_la_catalana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A la catalana">A la catalana</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>:</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="17" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/CataIonia" class="extiw" title="commons:CataIonia"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Galeria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="17" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catalonia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Catalonia"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Categoria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Wikiquote-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Viquidites"> <noscript> <img alt="Viquidites" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/17px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/17px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Viquidites" data-width="17" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/26px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Viquidites </figcaption> </figure></td> <td><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Catalunya" class="extiw" title="q:Catalunya">Viquidites</a></b> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23sitelinks-wikiquote" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Wikinews-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/17px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/17px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-width="17" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/26px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/34px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Catalunya" class="extiw" title="n:Categoria:Catalunya">Viquinotícies</a></b> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5705?uselang%3Dca%23sitelinks-wikinews" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.catalunya.cat/">Generalitat de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idescat.cat/">Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.atlesnacional.cat/">Atles Nacional de Catalunya</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCatalunya%26oldid%3D34281619">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalunya&oldid=34281619</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catalunya&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="EVA3.0 (bot)" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732558226"> <span>Darrera modificació: 25 nov 2024 a les 19:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Llengües</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni%25C3%25AB" title="Katalonië - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katalonië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25AB%25E1%2589%25B3%25E1%2588%258E%25E1%258A%2592%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ካታሎኒያ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካታሎኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="كتالونيا - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتالونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A9%25DC%259B%25DC%25A0%25DC%2598%25DC%25A2%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܩܛܠܘܢܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܛܠܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="كاتالونيا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتالونيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالونیا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataluon%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Kataluonėjė - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kataluonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Каталонія - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Каталёнія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталёнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni" title="Kataloni - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kataloni" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कैटालोनिया - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैटालोनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="কাতালুনিয়া - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাতালুনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%258B%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་ - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Каталони - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Каталони - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کەتەلۆنیا - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەتەلۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna - cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25A1nsko" title="Katalánsko - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katalánsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalo%25C5%2584sk%25C3%25B4" title="Katalońskô - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Katalońskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalwnia" title="Catalwnia - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Catalwnia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonien" title="Catalonien - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Catalonien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniska" title="Kataloniska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kataloniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Καταλονία - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταλονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunio" title="Katalunio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katalunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonia" title="Kataloonia - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kataloonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataluniako_Autonomia_Erkidegoa" title="Kataluniako Autonomia Erkidegoa - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kataluniako Autonomia Erkidegoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالونیا - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonia" title="Kataloonia - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kataloonia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalogne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne_(comun%25C3%25B4t%25C3%25A2t_%25C3%25B4tonoma)" title="Catalogne (comunôtât ôtonoma) - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Catalogne (comunôtât ôtonoma)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonien" title="Kataloonien - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kataloonien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloanje" title="Kataloanje - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kataloanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chatal%25C3%25B3in" title="An Chatalóin - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chatalóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%25C3%25B2inia" title="Catalòinia - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Catalòinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالۊنيا - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کاتالۊنيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1a" title="Katalúña - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Katalúña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chataloan" title="Yn Chataloan - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chataloan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2598%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="קטלוניה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטלוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कैटलोनिया - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैटलोनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalanska" title="Katalanska - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Katalanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25B2y" title="Katalòy - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Katalòy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25B3nia" title="Katalónia - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katalónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Կատալոնիա - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատալոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A9%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Քաթալոնիա - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քաթալոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia_(Spanyol)" title="Katalonia (Spanyol) - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katalonia (Spanyol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunia" title="Katalunia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katalunia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25B3n%25C3%25ADa" title="Katalónía - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Katalónía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%258B%25E3%2583%25A3%25E5%25B7%259E" title="カタルーニャ州 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カタルーニャ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="კატალონია - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატალონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25B9%25B4%25ED%2583%2588%25EB%25A3%25A8%25EB%2583%2590" title="카탈루냐 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카탈루냐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketelonya" title="Ketelonya - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ketelonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni" title="Kataloni - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kataloni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalaunia" title="Catalaunia - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catalaunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - judeocastellà" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judeocastellà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalounien" title="Katalounien - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Katalounien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunia" title="Catalunia - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Catalunia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%25C3%25AB" title="Catalonië - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%25C3%25B2gna" title="Catalògna - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Catalògna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BB%2581%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25A7%25E0%25BB%2589%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%258D" title="ແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katar%25C5%258Dnia" title="Katarōnia - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katarōnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Каталонија - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каталонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="കാറ്റലോണിയ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാറ്റലോണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Каталони - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कातालोनिया - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कातालोनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunha" title="Catalunha - mirandès" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Catalunha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ကက်တလိုနီးယားနိုင်ငံ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကက်တလိုနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالونیا - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%25C3%25AB" title="Catalonië - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalongne" title="Catalongne - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Catalongne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunautat_Auton%25C3%25B2ma_de_Catalonha" title="Comunautat Autonòma de Catalonha - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunautat Autonòma de Catalonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunii" title="Katalunii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Katalunii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Каталони - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2586" title="ਕਾਤਾਲੋਨੀਆ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਤਾਲੋਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalongne" title="Catalongne - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Catalongne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloniya" title="Cataloniya - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Cataloniya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%25C3%25B2gna_(comunit%25C3%25A0_aut%25C3%25B2noma)" title="Catalògna (comunità autònoma) - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Catalògna (comunità autònoma)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کیتلونیا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیتلونیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالونيا - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاتالونيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunha" title="Catalunha - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catalunha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna - retoromànic" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromànic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonie" title="Catalonie - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catalonie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2590%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F" title="කැටලෝනියා - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැටලෝනියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C3%25A1nsko" title="Katalánsko - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katalánsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - samoà" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalooniya" title="Katalooniya - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Katalooniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Каталонија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каталонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C5%25AF%25C5%2584ijo" title="Katalůńijo - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Katalůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="காத்தலோனியா - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காத்தலோனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%258D%25E0%25B8%258D%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="แคว้นกาตาลุญญา - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกาตาลุญญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni%25C3%25BDa" title="Kataloniýa - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kataloniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%25C3%25B1a" title="Cataluña - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunij%25C9%2599" title="Katalunijə - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Katalunijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar%25C5%25ABnia" title="Tatarūnia - tahitià" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tatarūnia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Каталония - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="كاتالونىيە - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاتالونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Каталонія - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کاتالونیا - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate%25C5%2582ogna" title="Catełogna - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Catełogna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%25C3%25AB" title="Catalonië - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalon%25C3%25A4n" title="Katalonän - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Katalonän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Catalogne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258A%25A0%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E7%25BD%2597%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E4%25BA%259A" title="加泰罗尼亚 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加泰罗尼亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="კატალონია - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კატალონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="קאטאלאניע - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאטאלאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258A%25A0%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E7%25BD%2597%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E4%25BA%259A" title="加泰罗尼亚 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加泰罗尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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