CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c7a1e48d3f938',cH: 'ep3nfc4s2jlVqGP07he83eXSF5gCqpoV5x_cJBFcmus-1740536647-1.2.1.1-JHU3lGjEAg9DYF9SXFPkKHEbCMvbwN61KvHV9SJwLEolD96PejHaFZcdBcxa0i3D',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=picosecond%20laser&page=2&__cf_chl_tk=yYVZEiEl06jVnH.y72._CkNCIg8HVF2JDrnnNrt0KZA-1740536647-1.0.1.1-nLNh_CbAR8laI5KFRVs0PjelgjXLgb7.pGpTB6sS_CI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740536647',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=picosecond%20laser&page=2&__cf_chl_f_tk=yYVZEiEl06jVnH.y72._CkNCIg8HVF2JDrnnNrt0KZA-1740536647-1.0.1.1-nLNh_CbAR8laI5KFRVs0PjelgjXLgb7.pGpTB6sS_CI",md: "8VN1OPStA530nVD0g5P9LivxErzj_p7oHDy_fnTFvSo-1740536647-1.2.1.1-F_abocBN0MdZYZEtQ1WfHeziaB5XoEhBjEPMDZwR0F5Cw7hEQxcOTUQqSZ1uwANyJWztcf0xQbJlh12Ao_G9kYKdOdvHU3viexk_Pd87bpmkTFTjq8vKoCY9voohmeHm077G9F_.2v2jHrwhsLdKaYnmc5ouANJ8wW3WUWpPyuz82YlpQSWUFlyPTYSloRcW3emDpkOJbmLaSwF3hzMNGoX.Uc2JC8dM4FI1i3vYqBsZk89HogNZZJlQZ33WAW6uh8dtga_9cE6ALpIwrPp_ditXDgUlcVSXfRuQMxulHtctHVEPxBBp18JbiNppKvRQ0Ceuw.1CTU5rlEV9ACJntEd0FqtV5hrxRo3MSoy.wMidY1XENthC3zik9lXMkKIMNcBOCgM_v9rmerv4MGdrf17jrGo4rXKEmSpPZgc1WNHS8qwz3FwCVzNuZCMycOhtKAdrimWpPwEbZzmflmZIYY4aePAI13_ZrXcRTzoMox9CC.eqAds1wbI8BYVwNGBfhj4D.gZ8A8j1ay5n4m5nV9Xts3ogm.EeckJJLDiMumdMBV44.TuBsl61KbSIdhQsWMGb2GlkD5APvMrbbOKwIugbYwnaBhRaVUP8D7XXYmsj_G5eiUK0WPRGEMPgc77h4A4TdX1jCdVtt5diqeyw3ebJ4FNzy9T5Sr45yGSEyEq3pInaotn.D16ErndtAFvi_BmEuGbtrAsYgrfbd2AphWn4Ky40A5zMGQF9FBpoM6jEVgA3HcMQTcdp_w2AfyaGlAtRbnvG8zxZ3G2UQczPyJAv08We_saaDrd0j09.duyd9jlVKn0JNwoVVCaIkNga0C6JBCuIBIuICXGFE_IEgLQ4PglQ_vT72yuY1DgY4H0wR8pC.qDMc64o.QeNgQkGqXfTMhjpUH7TFcVK.D9i5LeVC8DCUflOWqxe7mF1OKskMV3SyVE1bAOvM8GqMgH6lkH4P7XVcvtj05XnOjX7_aprOHCzS14Q.x0TxcVx2wN_RINXoICCSfwbDIwaAnLtmambcjUlK5fO4zI6dcJCqF7LG19UXkra3.YHsAv0cH2iNpksQMSKWyHnV7K.ngi4WVNPhSFMHmp1Q3HFXzvGTjyH9xFwYKhn7i9IE2FWGF_Tw2DGYltTObKW7rED_IrY67LS0JqI_UIfeDrww4P0zwbVM3NJOrOazog7ZJhoidxAn_kQTuSZJbrBe7wemA_kUCrAbBtTEbN_VduMfxi670FjBwwTyIe6X7rUhK1F37aZy_I0nEcjZlHbUfjbNjnzeWaQPF9g_Re_ZMqTSoOlsLQXr4my4MkGdpDIWVwFxGkDKOAI61zcN.ExV8hgBLSixhWPlcqD5cCgwW7.kHtUyqrlUvJ3AP7ZkNNjceUqpHs2EnxnUDmYXEbK_ArosvwDIgR3fHAZQw0HMpbetH.ZeQ1cdddHUkEDFroYDw6uQJ.G4JZy8jmmJcaYFp6ek0Q5a83ZpkhqSA73UI8Ks2PGWMq1Dh4X7Rx27nmOBP1xAidL70cuieXGblmhlUE90BWoFfP4djUxu_1AUXD57dde0ETVvEEW_dVJeZtMMl3.SQxv.9vVY96gE770beQZFwBo6xfEQAi0q5WQghhIvxwMGuF8rdj0_ruSxraAscQwkl6zaAbxOd6NNdbk_gjVkC0XHuiqX3On07Glso_wUVKN.0w8QCGX.NdbkzYGCNZDxaPVukYJS.FajuMBXgBynR_JGUF3xtIa149WoAnmg_.1ABstJYE8j39QRsa3ghuYLZ9gihu.lKticaw3rBecLmfAxFVJvwKXgPlWdWqCx5p0xkUyuvFO8capSaasKiqOsgxNnJ6WijKcsTxzFvt1RdpEi5k0JGrRXywHJQwRGJraai3Ihsvuad9YT.6LzzV5FwJaoMSvT.kLHErZsk4FGkcvkq6AsYg4FW6joDGL9vgDB4xPgv2QOXyTd2R6lSlZjHZYO7VoF3_Dp0bMzkwJnJmL",mdrd: "6VPevFSAxWxAR4.YP9HHeZbd7iog2lUF2QUIi0K7byw-1740536647-1.2.1.1-VM1WEJukB7GH1CbQGbez6T2Z61armeoHNs2DuCK0mSesPdqjZ9.p5nKshUYleZJ7qeRr3gtTgW6in2DAybEkKC6Olnd1dihy7WaQl3Ux4BW0S9_9wmoRu5.QLF78bJscWvoJtywMhM3eMDHYCHxMv9kYIQkUs_eYBUTloy2LHpPd55RbXD5G_zoupZDntjArpo9dbEhUCBjdsBv5fHIsL5Su0pDtK4T6ObiocV8N2YO_erId2QITP3PEXK0ycCwx8gABvUuCvWFIdPFYtAN9B8fqAI85HIhsokwi0uPLLYH8kaeWplKIIOGi.j3r254zD_RoXn4FNf7Q6sVF0PpC2G.bg8Vu8MSMUOyjD86ssnDPoyNwFXCeAdZY6BraLgy7DOZbfQvmCIiHP_RqgqaCwqRfJSdmBQPPIMUu6bQkw09iT45pk82mpcK9Yn8Q_XfzfgpiH2sl_KLQFyxYjxkjvr4PZ2hsySDwePCcW8ouvdVt9PV.s4uX85zTa3WXYrAC8EG3XqiWKN5OEmmaWKaosmhkm.RpReQJlfLMspaGzTgz0QrzO_wihnJbYkXjXL0tlJKHFcp6QW1lqycMISCRNPEPILBWJAWPx5jEMlDQTcwwWezPEsMXm3m_JsaMVhFzC3WUgK7.tT8maKz4UT5lyixcBNMHWrALOXQkASzSnqFwT9mLBjOuhIzq_MzjXiLLOWEX2rSroauRqAajPOmXAC_MjQ9e3fGzaqYu08._KvL3Bq1aPjbSNrmerubWTi92_8wmTF57G3cskgf7T.huXORKRgKwzH0CCHSOuCk3btMgCrM0cw0gJF7QIfaaWk7FPwsVl86PBMk69OMZUbQjOs_1B936lhhwOYtDKDE50UnTt09taa0si88F9FmpwxYCGaEyU61CvMrxi0ldiiJyk4dtwzBIUaJHSqD9H_L6pSxsT8Ln9BLp7XPl_zRZaYjfqcVJ15514JoKhScRTwJDFsvZPHsCKRFKQ9PDwXgOHzHOjlWANhhZ5g34rNHWK01hXBCJ7dNrBtIzlFrwKUPgOSJfk3ZSSehBHVbtiCsG04Jzdx1xNDPsnOgRYf3hABf.hj6dAv.cksnHf64vSTnMaXs_gCs1p2GMNxfFyF.xmWfekdBmZ1z2i2ait6OAZkxW9atDeMYdUF6iFkFGrOxLXuLVYGcQN9EJzaaP6_D3_OxbHLF1vKMV3oIWU3fdgCEiocjyXrjR_R9zXDwunttXnxPm.bmK9V.hp1eeiSqR7mxWAgToz0b6kvQXjzMFcwISfyxo0XILLIrpzKGpZ6S2fQAFVxyyAVezioAwtAPn40sp32.UqwDa0Ijz5YEqgCClFNVaD9t01BfvmfQGN_0RWLEsg.3dLqXu43JvpjhMSl5qGymG3li8Y7VYjJom3IB8.dbUHHyHmWmNdwenMeoAqgyODs4wF36raoul5lsEzF0NkXT3IGsd_WpsIQOpPw3gX1uM5foutS8KOZ5U9LmIObzJqK969elhGmNopleegn1R9r0fE5DFq8utCoLautr7rdRdEDY7BOfdV2.1dSR7tLQ7TgvE3heoUO3OiPT65oU9z25jZV2SvClM5S0WThPAM8fdxuoXo0o835l3yizgFiBYp_i.Dc51DmC1ypljHoLwbPquamIvBCZSxQx859jEV7nnz1HYNIKmF1msp224lKMhc4iK2QkNH41CCy8GIeNg_orbzTQRZ_K2zY6qIsmH14XIYA8k71hNkavhrkX2cS9_k7UFa9DciPOPD38YTy45NRCnTNaDGxpXtfjgUY1adlUfNAvHFaCztsQYQotaR21TvFeZ7ZGHfvm1KwSZc_wqnN18XbKHajDhDsi_f9wzT7ioj_gJDLQf6TJrQkZWM.cAtbQ5bzYqkX5yyYiEt1AcUGPqJ3GNzLI266UIu5sfxnawop_TZoE3QIEwyL3anzDJwcrnoD09379o9QZ28WpXjPVp9W.xyqgltVxgfMDx"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c7a1e48d3f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=picosecond%20laser&page=2&__cf_chl_rt_tk=yYVZEiEl06jVnH.y72._CkNCIg8HVF2JDrnnNrt0KZA-1740536647-1.0.1.1-nLNh_CbAR8laI5KFRVs0PjelgjXLgb7.pGpTB6sS_CI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>