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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Historija </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Historija </button> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prahistorija_i_vikinško_doba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prahistorija_i_vikinško_doba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prahistorija i vikinško doba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prahistorija_i_vikinško_doba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednji_vijek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednji_vijek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Srednji vijek </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednji_vijek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Švedska_vladavina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Švedska_vladavina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Švedska vladavina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Švedska_vladavina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruska_vladavina_i_narodni_preporod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruska_vladavina_i_narodni_preporod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Ruska vladavina i narodni preporod </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruska_vladavina_i_narodni_preporod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nezavisnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nezavisnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Nezavisnost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nezavisnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_svjetski_rat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_svjetski_rat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Drugi svjetski rat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_svjetski_rat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovjetski_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovjetski_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Sovjetski period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovjetski_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obnova_nezavisnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obnova_nezavisnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Obnova nezavisnosti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obnova_nezavisnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografija </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Geografija </button> <ul id="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Geologija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reljef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reljef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Reljef </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reljef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baltička_obala_i_otoci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baltička_obala_i_otoci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Baltička obala i otoci </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baltička_obala_i_otoci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Hidrografija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Klima </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Ekologija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaštićena_područja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaštićena_područja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Zaštićena područja </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaštićena_područja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politika </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Politika </button> <ul id="toc-Politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nacionalni_simboli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nacionalni_simboli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Nacionalni simboli </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nacionalni_simboli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nacionalna_zastava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nacionalna_zastava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Nacionalna zastava </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nacionalna_zastava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grb_Estonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grb_Estonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Grb Estonije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grb_Estonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himna_Estonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himna_Estonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Himna Estonije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himna_Estonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostali_nacionalni_simboli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostali_nacionalni_simboli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.4 Ostali nacionalni simboli </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostali_nacionalni_simboli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trodioba_vlasti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trodioba_vlasti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Trodioba vlasti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trodioba_vlasti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Državna_skupština_(Riigikogu)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Državna_skupština_(Riigikogu)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Državna skupština (Riigikogu) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Državna_skupština_(Riigikogu)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlada_Estonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlada_Estonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Vlada Estonije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlada_Estonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predsjednik_Republike_Estonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predsjednik_Republike_Estonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Predsjednik Republike Estonije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predsjednik_Republike_Estonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Međunarodni_odnosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Međunarodni_odnosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Međunarodni odnosi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Međunarodni_odnosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vojska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vojska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Vojska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vojska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativna_podjela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativna_podjela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Administrativna podjela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativna_podjela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanovništvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanovništvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Stanovništvo </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stanovništvo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Stanovništvo </button> <ul id="toc-Stanovništvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ljudska_prava_u_Estoniji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ljudska_prava_u_Estoniji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Ljudska prava u Estoniji </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ljudska_prava_u_Estoniji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jezici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jezici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Jezici </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jezici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Religija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanizacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanizacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Urbanizacija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanizacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gospodarstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gospodarstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Gospodarstvo </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gospodarstvo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Gospodarstvo </button> <ul id="toc-Gospodarstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poljoprivreda_i_šumarstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poljoprivreda_i_šumarstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poljoprivreda_i_šumarstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrija,_rudarstvo_i_energetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrija,_rudarstvo_i_energetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Industrija, rudarstvo i energetika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrija,_rudarstvo_i_energetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promet,_trgovina_i_turizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promet,_trgovina_i_turizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Promet, trgovina i turizam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promet,_trgovina_i_turizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obrazovanje_i_nauka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obrazovanje_i_nauka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Obrazovanje i nauka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obrazovanje_i_nauka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Kultura </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Kultura </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Književnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Književnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Književnost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Književnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muzika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muzika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Muzika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muzika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Likovna_umjetnost_i_arhitektura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Likovna_umjetnost_i_arhitektura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Likovna umjetnost i arhitektura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Likovna_umjetnost_i_arhitektura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scenska_umjetnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scenska_umjetnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Scenska umjetnost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scenska_umjetnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Reference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Literatura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Vanjske veze </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Vanjske veze </button> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vlada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Vlada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Putovanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Putovanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Putovanje </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Putovanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Mape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opće_informacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opće_informacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Opće informacije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opće_informacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Estonija</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 289 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-289" aria-hidden="true" > 289 jezika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Естониа — Abkazijski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Естониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stonia" title="Èstonia — Ačineski" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Èstonia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Ačineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Эстоние — Adigejski" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Эстоние" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adigejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Južni altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Južni altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ኤስቶኒያ — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስቶኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92stland" title="Ēstland — Staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēstland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esit%E1%BB%8Dnia" title="Esitọnia — obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Esitọnia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إستونيا — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إستونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܣܛܘܢܝܐ — Armajski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܛܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Armajski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسطونيا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطونيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="استونيا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استونيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestia" title="Eestia — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Eestia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istu%C3%B1a" title="Istuña — Ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Istuña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ایستونی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستونی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Estėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Estėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Эстонія — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Эстонія — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эстонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stlan" title="Èstlan — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èstlan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Естония — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনিয়া — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এস্তোনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨིསུ་ཊོ་ནིཡ། — Tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨིསུ་ཊོ་ནིཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনিয়া — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="এস্তোনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Čamoro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Čamoro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AF" title="ᎡᏍᏙᏂᏯ — Čeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᏍᏙᏂᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Čeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیستۆنیا — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیستۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Krimeanski turski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimeanski turski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonsko" title="Estonsko — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni%C3%B4" title="Estoniô — Kašubijanski" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Estoniô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kašubijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Єсть — Staroslovenski" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єсть" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Staroslovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estniska" title="Estniska — Niski Sorbijanski" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Estniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Niski Sorbijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་ — Džonga" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Džonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Eve" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Eve" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εσθονία — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσθονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2gna" title="Estògna — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Estògna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonio" title="Estonio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" title="Eesti — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esto%C3%B1a" title="Estoña — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estoña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="استونی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viro" title="Viro — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" title="Eesti — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eesti" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Farski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Farski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stonia" title="Èstonia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èstonia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestlun" title="Eestlun — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eestlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie — Friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estl%C3%A2n" title="Estlân — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Estlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_East%C3%B3in" title="An Eastóin — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eastóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — gagauški" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%C3%B2inia" title="Eastòinia — Škotski Galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eastòinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Škotski Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%B3%C3%B1a" title="Etóña — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Etóña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 — Gotski" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotski" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ઈસ્ટોનિયા — Gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈસ્ટોનિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Estaan" title="Yn Estaan — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Estaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoniya" title="Istoniya — Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istoniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEsetonia" title="ʻEsetonia — Havajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻEsetonia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Havajski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אסטוניה — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estiska" title="Estiska — Gornji sorbijski" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Estiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Gornji sorbijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sztorsz%C3%A1g" title="Észtország — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észtország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էստոնիա — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էսթոնիա — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էսթոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эстиче — Ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эстиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eistland" title="Eistland — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eistland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="エストニア — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuonia" title="Estuonia — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Estuonia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/estis" title="estis — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="estis" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stlan" title="Èstlan — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èstlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესტონეთი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Kara-kalpaški" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-kalpaški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%E1%B9%ADunya" title="Isṭunya — Kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Isṭunya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Эстониэ — Kabardijski" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Эстониэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90s%C9%A9toonii" title="Ɛsɩtoonii — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsɩtoonii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni — Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="អេស្តូនី — Kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេស្តូនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="에스토니아 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스토니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эстму — komi-permski" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эстму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Karačaj-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karačaj-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — kelnski" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kelnski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni — Korniški" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Lezgian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti" title="Esti — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esti" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esland" title="Esland — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດແອັດສະໂຕນີ — Laoški" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດແອັດສະໂຕນີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoški" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estija" title="Estija — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igauneja" title="Igauneja — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Igauneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igaunija" title="Igaunija — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Igaunija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Madureški" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madureški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया — Maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эсти мастор — Mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсти мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B4nia" title="Estônia — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Estônia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эстоний — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эстоний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etonia" title="Etonia — Maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Etonia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Естонија — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="എസ്റ്റോണിയ — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്റ്റോണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ — Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonja" title="Estonja — Melteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Estonja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melteški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3nia" title="Stónia — Mirandeški" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stónia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эстэнь Мастор — Erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эстэнь Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="استونی — mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استونی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Neapolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestland" title="Eestland — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eestland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlaand" title="Estlaand — donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Estlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonnie" title="Estonnie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Estonnie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Severni soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Severni soto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%C3%A1z%C3%ADtah_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Hakázítah Dineʼé Bikéyah — Navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hakázítah Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Njanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Njanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estounii" title="Estounii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Estounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istooniyaa" title="Istooniyaa — Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Istooniyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆ — Orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Pangasinski" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89stonie" title="Éstonie — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éstonie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschdooni" title="Eschdooni — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Eschdooni" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="استونیا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استونیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εσθονία — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Εσθονία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اېستونيا — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېستونيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nia" title="Estónia — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istunya" title="Istunya — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Reto-Romanski" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Aromanijski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Естонія — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Естонія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esitoniya" title="Esitoniya — Kinjarvanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Esitoniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinjarvanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ — Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — Sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسٽونيا — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسٽونيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estteeana" title="Estteeana — Severni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Estteeana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Severni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C3%AFi" title="Estonïi — Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Estonïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADunya" title="Iṣṭunya — tahelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iṣṭunya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသတူဝ်းၼီးယႃး — Šan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသတူဝ်းၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Šan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="එස්ටෝනියාව — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්ටෝනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nsko" title="Estónsko — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Estónsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esitonia" title="Esitonia — Samoanski" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Esitonia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestieenn%C3%A2m" title="Eestieennâm — Inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eestieennâm" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Šona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Естонија — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlenikondre" title="Estlenikondre — Srananski tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Estlenikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Srananski tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWestoniya" title="IWestoniya — Svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IWestoniya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Svati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Sesoto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sesoto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlound" title="Estlound — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Estlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89stonia" title="Éstonia — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éstonia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Estůńijo — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Estůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுத்தோனியா — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுத்தோனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఎస్టోనియా — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్టోనియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nia" title="Estónia — Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Estónia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเอสโตเนีย — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเอสโตเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni%C3%BDa" title="Estoniýa — Turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Estoniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonij%C9%99" title="Estonijə — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Estonijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEsit%C5%8Dnia" title="ʻEsitōnia — Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻEsitōnia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Tvi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Tvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoni" title="Etoni — Tahićanski" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Etoni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония — Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئېستونىيە — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېستونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Естонія — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="استونیا — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استونیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia — venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estinma" title="Estinma — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Estinma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestiy%C3%A4n" title="Lestiyän — Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lestiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneye" title="Estoneye — Valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Estoneye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estooni" title="Estooni — Volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Estooni" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya — Khosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Khosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესტონეთი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესტონეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="עסטלאנד — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עסטלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3n%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Estóníà — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Estóníà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — Zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵉⵙⵜⵓⵏⵢⴰ — standardni marokanski tamazigt" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵜⵓⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardni marokanski tamazigt" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱沙尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Estoniya" title="I-Estoniya — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Estoniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c">Stranica</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Estonija" rel="discussion" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice [t]" accesskey="t">Razgovor</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Latinica </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn">Latinica</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl">Ћирилица</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estonija">Prikaži</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v">Uredi</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e">Uredi kod</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h">Historija</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Alatke </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estonija">Prikaži</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v">Uredi</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e">Uredi kod</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=history">Historija</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/Estonija" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j">Šta vodi ovamo</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Estonija" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k">Povezane izmjene</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Pregledajte listu svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q">Posebne stranice</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&oldid=42232606" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice">Trajna veza</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici">Podaci o stranici</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Estonija&id=42232606&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu">Citiraj stranicu</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstonija">Skrati URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstonija">Preuzmi QR kod</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Estonija">Napravi knjigu</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Estonija&action=show-download-screen">Preuzmi kao PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p">Odštampaj</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eesti" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g">Stavka na Wikipodacima</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republika Estonija</div><div class="ib-country-names">Eesti Vabariik (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zastava Estonije"><img alt="Zastava Estonije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Zastava_Estonije" title="Zastava Estonije">Zastava</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grb Estonije"><img alt="Grb Estonije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Grb_Estonije" title="Grb Estonije"> Grb</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_himna" title="Državna himna">Himna</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonia_on_the_globe_(Europe_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg/240px-Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg/360px-Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg/480px-Estonia_on_the_globe_%28Europe_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1032" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad">Glavni grad</a><div class="ib-country-largest">i najveći grad</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_25_0_N_24_45_0_E_type:city">59°25′0″N, 24°45′0″E</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Službeni jezici</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonski jezik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vlada</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitarna_dr%C5%BEava" title="Unitarna država">Unitarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarizam">parlamentarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republika</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41262443"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">Predsjednik</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">Premijer</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_Michal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen Michal (stranica ne postoji)">Kristen Michal</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nezavisnost <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">od <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Republika" title="Ruska Republika">Rusije</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41262443"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Autonomna_estonska_gubernija" title="Autonomna estonska gubernija">Autonomija</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="12. travnja">12. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1917." class="mw-redirect" title="1917.">1917.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Manifest_narod%C4%81_Estonije" title="Manifest narodā Estonije">Nezavisnost</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/24._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="24. veljače">24. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Rusko-estonski_sporazum_iz_Tartua" title="Rusko-estonski sporazum iz Tartua">Priznata</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="2. veljače">2. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_aneksija_balti%C4%8Dkih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država">Okupacija</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Reuspostava </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/20._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="20. kolovoza">20. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Članstvo u <a href="/wiki/Evropska_unija" title="Evropska unija">EU</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. svibnja">1. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Površina</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Ukupno</div></th><td class="infobox-data">45.227 km2 (<a href="/wiki/Lista_dr%C5%BEava_i_teritorija_po_povr%C5%A1ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista država i teritorija po površini">129</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Vode (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.45%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Stanovništvo</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Procjena za <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,328,976 (<a href="/wiki/Lista_dr%C5%BEava_po_stanovni%C5%A1tvu" title="Lista država po stanovništvu">157</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Gustoća</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 /km2 (<a href="/wiki/Lista_dr%C5%BEava_po_gusto%C4%87i_stanovni%C5%A1tva" title="Lista država po gustoći stanovništva">149</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bruto_doma%C4%87i_proizvod" title="Bruto domaći proizvod">BDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paritet_kupovne_mo%C4%87i" title="Paritet kupovne moći">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">procjena za <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Ukupno</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$49.644 mlrd.</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$37,605 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_dr%C5%BEava_po_BDP-u_(PKM)_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista država po BDP-u (PKM) per capita (stranica ne postoji)">43</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bruto_doma%C4%87i_proizvod" title="Bruto domaći proizvod">BDP</a> (nominalni)</th><td class="infobox-data">procjena za <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Ukupno</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$32.742 mlrd.</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$24,802 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_dr%C5%BEava_po_nominalnom_BDP-u_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista država po nominalnom BDP-u per capita (stranica ne postoji)">35</a>.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ginijev_koeficijent" title="Ginijev koeficijent">Gini</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">30.6 srednji</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_ljudskog_razvoja" title="Indeks ljudskog razvoja">HDI</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.882 jako visok (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_dr%C5%BEava_po_indeksu_ljudskog_razvoja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista država po indeksu ljudskog razvoja (stranica ne postoji)">30</a>.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Valuta</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vremenska zona</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koordinirano_univerzalno_vrijeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinirano univerzalno vrijeme">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isto%C4%8Dnoevropsko_vrijeme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istočnoevropsko vrijeme (stranica ne postoji)">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Ljeti (<a href="/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljetno računanje vremena">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koordinirano_univerzalno_vrijeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinirano univerzalno vrijeme">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isto%C4%8Dnoevropsko_ljetno_vrijeme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istočnoevropsko ljetno vrijeme (stranica ne postoji)">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pozivni broj</th><td class="infobox-data">+372</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Najvi%C5%A1i_Internet_domen_dr%C5%BEavnih_kodova" title="Najviši Internet domen državnih kodova">Veb-domena</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ee" title=".ee">.ee</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Estonija (<a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonski</a>: Eesti), službeno Republika Estonija (estonski: Eesti Vabariik), država je smještena na istočnoj obali <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Evropa" title="Sjeverna Evropa">Sjevernoj Europi</a>. Estonija ima kopnene granice s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijom</a> (338.6 km) na istoku i s <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijom</a> (343 km), dok na sjeveru ima morsku granicu s <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finskom</a> preko <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finskog zaljeva</a>, a na zapadu sa <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedskom</a> preko <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Teritorij Estonije sadrži se od kopna i ukupno 2,222 otoka u Baltičkom moru,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> što daje ukupnu površinu od 45,227 km2, od čega 2,839 km2 otpada na vodene površine. Klima u Estoniji je <a href="/wiki/Vla%C5%BEna_kontinentalna_klima" title="Vlažna kontinentalna klima">vlažna kontinentalna</a>. Glavni grad <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> i grad <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> najveći su urbani centri u zemlji. Ostali važniji gradovi su <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a> i <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a>. Službeni jezik u državi je <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonski jezik</a>. Teritorij moderne Estonije naseljen je od barem 9,000 godina p.n.e. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drevna_Estonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drevna Estonija (stranica ne postoji)">Drevni Estonci</a> bili su među posjednjim europskim poganskim narodima koji su prihvatili <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kršćanstvo">kršćanstvo</a> nakon <a href="/wiki/Livonski_kri%C5%BEarski_rat" title="Livonski križarski rat">Livonskog križarskog rata</a> u <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeku</a>. Nakon stoljeća uzastopne vladavine <a href="/wiki/Teutonski_vite%C5%A1ki_red" title="Teutonski viteški red">Nijemaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vojvodstvo_Estonija_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Vojvodstvo Estonija (1219–1346)">Danaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska_Estonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Švedska Estonija">Šveđana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vojvodstvo_Livonija" title="Vojvodstvo Livonija">Poljaka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estonska_gubernija" title="Estonska gubernija">Rusa</a>, krajem <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX.</a> i početkom <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> dolazi do formiranja i jačanja estonskog nacionalnog identiteta. To je kulminiralo <a href="/wiki/Rusko-estonski_sporazum_iz_Tartua" title="Rusko-estonski sporazum iz Tartua">nezavisnošću od Rusije</a> nakon kratkog <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">rata za nezavisnost</a> vođenog nedugo nakon završetka <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>. Inicijalno demokratska republika do <a href="/wiki/Velika_depresija" class="mw-redirect" title="Velika depresija">Velike depresije</a>, Estonija je od <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> godine bila pod diktaturom tokom tzv. <a href="/wiki/Doba_%C5%A1utnje" title="Doba šutnje">Doba šutnje</a>. Tokom <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>, Estonija je cijelo vrijeme bila <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_aneksija_balti%C4%8Dkih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država">meta</a> ekspanzionističkih težnji <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Treći Reich">Trećeg Reicha</a>, da bi na koncu <a href="/wiki/Estonska_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Estonska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika">pripala Sovjetima</a>. Nakon faktičnog gubitka nezavisnosti, državni kontinuitet Estonije i ostalih Baltičkih država održavan je zahvaljujući diplomatima i <a href="/wiki/Estonska_vlada_u_egzilu" title="Estonska vlada u egzilu">vladi u egzilu</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1987." class="mw-redirect" title="1987.">1987.</a> izbila je mirna <a href="/wiki/Raspjevana_revolucija" title="Raspjevana revolucija">Raspjevana revolucija</a> protiv sovjetske uprave, što je kulminiralo obnovom nezavisnosti <a href="/wiki/20._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="20. kolovoza">20. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine. Suverena država Estonija je <a href="/wiki/Unitarna_dr%C5%BEava" title="Unitarna država">unitarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarizam">parlamentarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republika</a> podijeljena na 15 <a href="/wiki/Okruzi_Estonije" title="Okruzi Estonije">okruga</a>. S populacijom od otprilike 1.3 milijuna ljudi, Estonija je jedna od najslabije naseljenih država <a href="/wiki/Europska_unija" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska unija">Europske unije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona">Eurozone</a>, <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>-a, <a href="/wiki/Schengenska_zona" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengenska zona">Schengenske zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-a i, od <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a> godine, <a href="/wiki/Savet_bezbednosti_Ujedinjenih_nacija" title="Savet bezbednosti Ujedinjenih nacija">Vijeća sigurnosti Ujedinjenih nacija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ERR_20190607-3">[3]</a> Estonija je <a href="/wiki/Razvijene_zemlje" title="Razvijene zemlje">razvijena zemlja</a> s naprednim gospodarstvom, koje je bilo jedno od najbrže rastućih gospodarstava Europske unije od estonskog pristupanja <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Ima izrazito visok <a href="/wiki/Indeks_ljudskog_razvoja" title="Indeks ljudskog razvoja">indeks ljudskog razvoja</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HDI-5">[5]</a> a komparativno dobro stoji i po pitanju ekonomskih i građanskih sloboda, obrazovanja<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> te slobode medija.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Državljani Estonije imaju općedostupno javno zdravstvo,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> besplatno obrazovanje<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> te najduži plaćeni porodiljni dopust među zemljama članicama <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>-a.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Kao jedna od digitalno najnaprednijih zemalja svijeta,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Estonija je <a href="/wiki/2005." class="mw-redirect" title="2005.">2005.</a> godine postala prva zemlja koja je održala izbore preko <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">interneta</a> te, od <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> godine, prva zemlja koja je uvela <a href="/w/index.php?title=E-boravi%C5%A1te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-boravište (stranica ne postoji)">e-boravište</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologija">Etimologija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Etimologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Etimologija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etimologija_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etimologija Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Etimologija Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> Naziv "Estonija" povezan je uz antički narod <a href="/wiki/Aesti" title="Aesti">Aeste</a>, koje prvi puta spominje rimski historičar <a href="/wiki/Tacit" title="Tacit">Tacit</a> oko <a href="/wiki/98." class="mw-redirect" title="98.">98.</a> godine. Neki suvremeni historičari smatraju da je Tacit ovime mislio na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_narodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički narodi (stranica ne postoji)">Balte</a> (tj., Estonce koji nisu govorili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltofinski_jezici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltofinski jezici (stranica ne postoji)">finske jezike</a>), dok drugi sugeriraju da se naziv referirao na cijelu regiju istočnog Baltika.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Skandinavske sage</a> koje govore o regiji Eistland najraniji su izvori koji su koristili ovaj naziv u njegovom suvremenom značenju.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Topnonim "Estland/Eistland" često se povezuje sa staroskandinavskim terminima eist i austr, što znači "istok".<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Historija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Historija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historija_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historija Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Historija Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prahistorija_i_vikinško_doba">Prahistorija i vikinško doba</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Prahistorija i vikinško doba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prahistorija i vikinško doba">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg/220px-Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg/330px-Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg/440px-Kalmev%C3%A4li_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kamene grobnice iz <a href="/wiki/Bron%C4%8Dano_doba" title="Brončano doba">brončanog doba</a> na sjeveru Estonije.</figcaption></figure> Prve ljudske naseobine na tlu suvremene Estonije pojavile su se prije oko 13,000 do 11,000 godina, odmah nakon povlačenja leda koji je tijekom posljednjeg <a href="/wiki/Ledeno_doba" title="Ledeno doba">ledenog doba</a> prekrivao cijelo to područje. Najstarijim naseljem naseljem na tlu Estonije smatra se lokalitet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulli (stranica ne postoji)">Pulli</a>, smješten na obalama rijeke <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(rijeka)" title="Pärnu (rijeka)">Pärnu</a>, nedaleko od današnjeg grada <a href="/wiki/Sindi,_Estonija" title="Sindi, Estonija">Sindi</a> na jugozapadu zemlje. Metodom <a href="/wiki/Radiokarbonsko_datiranje" title="Radiokarbonsko datiranje">radiokarbonskog datiranja</a> utvrđeno je da je Pulli naseljen prije oko 11,000 godina.<a href="#cite_note-Laurisaar-15">[15]</a> Zanimljivo je da se u vrijeme naseljavanja Pulli nalazio na obali <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riškog zaljeva</a>, dok se danas nalazi otprilike 14 km od obale. Arheolozi su na tom lokalitetu pronašli ostatke psećih zuba, što predstavlja najstariji dokaz o pripitomljavanju te životinje na tom području. Najstarija naselja iz perioda <a href="/wiki/Mezolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezolitik">mezolitika</a> vezana su za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundska_kultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kundska kultura (stranica ne postoji)">Kundsku kulturu</a> sa sjevera zemlje, a koje je ime dobila po obližnjem (suvremenom) gradu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunda,_Estonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunda, Estonija (stranica ne postoji)">Kundi</a>. U tom periodu, zemlja je bila gotovo u cijelosti prekrivena šumama, a ljudi su obitavali u polunomadskim zajednicama u blizinama vodenih površina; osnovne aktivnosti stanovništva su bili lov, ribolov i skupljanje šumskih plodova.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Oko 4900. pne., pojavila se <a href="/wiki/Neolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitik">neolitička</a> kultura keramike poznata kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narvska_kultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narvska kultura (stranica ne postoji)">Narvska kultura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Oko 3200. pne. dolazi do ekspanzije <a href="/wiki/Kultura_vrp%C4%8Daste_keramike" title="Kultura vrpčaste keramike">Kulture vrpčaste keramike</a>, a s njom i razvoja primitivne obrada zemlje te stočarstva.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg/220px-KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg/330px-KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg/440px-KumnaHoardArtfs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Artefakti iz <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba">željeznog doba</a> pronađeni kod sela <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumna (stranica ne postoji)">Kumne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></figcaption></figure> Tijekom <a href="/wiki/Bron%C4%8Dano_doba" title="Brončano doba">brončanog doba</a>, koje je otpočelo oko <a href="/w/index.php?title=1800._pne.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800. pne. (stranica ne postoji)">1800. pne.</a>, dolazi do pojave prvih utvrđenih nastamba u vidu gradina.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Postepeni prelazak iz polunomadskog u sedetarni način života na ovom području započinje oko <a href="/wiki/1000._pne." class="mw-redirect" title="1000. pne.">1000. pne.</a> i traje narednih 500 godina, do početka <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba">željeznog doba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Laurisaar-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Na arheološkim lokalitetima iz tog perioda pronađeni su mnogobrojni brončani artefakti, što upućuje na veoma živu trgovačku aktivnost s okolnim skandinavskim i germanskim plemenima.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Željezno doba obilježili su brojni i učestali sukobi s okolnim plemenima, a sukobi sa skandinavskim plemenima spominju se i u drevnim skandinavskim <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagama</a>. Jedna od saga govori o pogibilji švedskog kralja <a href="/wiki/Ingvar" title="Ingvar">Ingvara</a>, koji je stradao u sukobu sa "estonskim vikinzima".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Prijetnje su dolazile i s istoka, u vidu ruskih vladara koji su širili svoj teritorij na zapad. Tako je novgorodski vladar <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Mudri" title="Jaroslav Mudri">Jaroslav Mudri</a> porazio Estonce <a href="/wiki/1030." class="mw-redirect" title="1030.">1030.</a> godine te osnovao utvrdu na mjestu današnjeg grada <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartua</a>; utvrda je postojala samo do <a href="/wiki/1061." class="mw-redirect" title="1061.">1061.</a> godine, kada je spaljena od strane estonskog plemena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosoli (stranica ne postoji)">Sosoli</a> tijekom njihovog pohoda na grad <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Tijekom <a href="/wiki/11._vijek" title="11. vijek">XI. vijeka</a>, baltički su <a href="/wiki/Vikinzi" title="Vikinzi">vikinzi</a> preuzeli kontrolu nad <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkim morem</a> od skandinavskih vikiga, zahvaljujući pomorskim napadima <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i" title="Kurši">Kurša</a> i Estonaca s otoka <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saareme</a>, koji su bili poznati kao <a href="/wiki/Saarlased" title="Saarlased">Saarlasedi</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1187." class="mw-redirect" title="1187.">1187.</a>, Saarlasedi, Kurši i <a href="/wiki/Kareli" title="Kareli">Kareli</a> opustošili su grad <a href="/wiki/Sigtuna" title="Sigtuna">Sigtunu</a>, koji je u to vrijeme bio važan grad u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedskoj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarvel-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ancient_Estonian_counties.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ancient_Estonian_counties.png/220px-Ancient_Estonian_counties.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ancient_Estonian_counties.png/330px-Ancient_Estonian_counties.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ancient_Estonian_counties.png/440px-Ancient_Estonian_counties.png 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>Okruzi starovjekovne Estonije s početka <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a>.</figcaption></figure> Prahistorijska Estonija mogla se podijeliti u dvije glavne kulturološke regije. Obalna područja sjeverne i zapadne Estonije imala su bliske prekomorske kontakte sa <a href="/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija">Skandinavijom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finskom</a>, dok je unutrašnjost južne Estonije bila povezanija s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_narodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički narodi (stranica ne postoji)">Baltima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskovom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Područje prahistorijske Estonije bilo je prepuno gradina,<a href="#cite_note-Magi2015-32">[32]</a> dok su na obalama Saareme pronađeni tragovi prahistorijskih ili srednjovjekovnih luka.<a href="#cite_note-Magi2015-32">[32]</a> Estonija također ima i velik broj grobnica iz vikinškog doba, što individualnih što kolektivnih, koje sadrže oružje i nakit koji je bio čest u Sjevernoj Europi i Skandinaviji.<a href="#cite_note-Magi2015-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Prve političke i administrativne jedinice pojavljuju se u Estoniji tijekom <a href="/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek">starog vijeka</a>. Dvije velike vrste administrativnih jedinica bile su župa (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: kihelkond) i okrug (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maakond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maakond (stranica ne postoji)">maakond</a>), koji se sastojao od nekoliko župa. Svakom župom upravljao je starješina, a sačinjavao ju je uži teritorij oko centralne utvrde u naselju; u rijetkim slučajevima, pojedinačna župa imala je više utvrda. Okruzi su bili teritorijalno veće jedinice. Do <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a>, na tlu Estonije postojalo je 8 velikih okruga (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Harjumaa_(starovjekovni_okrug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harjumaa (starovjekovni okrug) (stranica ne postoji)">Harjumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rvamaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Järvamaa">Järvamaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Läänemaa">Läänemaa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revala (stranica ne postoji)">Revala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saaremaa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakala_(okrug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakala (okrug) (stranica ne postoji)">Sakala</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugandi (stranica ne postoji)">Ugandi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virumaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virumaa (stranica ne postoji)">Virumaa</a>) i 6 manjih, zasebnih župa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alempois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alempois (stranica ne postoji)">Alempois</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jogentagana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jogentagana (stranica ne postoji)">Jogentagana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B5hu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mõhu (stranica ne postoji)">Mõhu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurmekund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurmekund (stranica ne postoji)">Nurmekund</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soopoolitse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soopoolitse (stranica ne postoji)">Soopoolitse</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaiga (stranica ne postoji)">Vaiga</a>). Okruzi su postojali kao zasebni entiteti, a međusobno su se ujedinjavale samo u borbama protiv zajedničkih neprijatelja.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Malo je informacija dostupno o ranim estonskim <a href="/wiki/Paganizam" title="Paganizam">paganskim</a> vjerskim običajima. <a href="/wiki/Hronika_Henrika_od_Livonije" title="Hronika Henrika od Livonije">Kronika Henrika od Livonije</a> navodi kako je vrhovno božanstvo <a href="/wiki/Saarlased" title="Saarlased">Saarlaseda</a> bio bog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tharapita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tharapita (stranica ne postoji)">Tharapita</a>. Duhovne obrede vodili su <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0amani" class="mw-redirect" title="Šamani">šamani</a>, dok su svete šume, posebice <a href="/wiki/Hrast" title="Hrast">hrastove</a> šume, bile mjesta obavljanja rituala.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednji_vijek">Srednji vijek</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Srednji vijek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srednji vijek">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Livonski_kri%C5%BEarski_rat" title="Livonski križarski rat">Livonski križarski rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Danska_Estonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Danska Estonija">Danska Estonija</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/220px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/330px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/440px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Srednjovjekovne Estonija i Livonija nakon križarskog rata.</figcaption></figure> Godine <a href="/wiki/1199." class="mw-redirect" title="1199.">1199.</a>, papa <a href="/wiki/Inocent_III." class="mw-redirect" title="Inocent III.">Inocent III.</a> pokreće <a href="/wiki/Livonski_kri%C5%BEarski_rat" title="Livonski križarski rat">Livonski križarski rat</a>, čiji je cilj bila obrana kršćanskog puka na području srednjovjekovne <a href="/wiki/Livonija" title="Livonija">Livonije</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Do prvih sukoba na estonskoj zemlji dolazi <a href="/wiki/1206." class="mw-redirect" title="1206.">1206.</a> godine, nakon što je danski kralj <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_II_od_Danske" title="Valdemar II od Danske">Valdemar II.</a> neuspješno pokušao zauzeti <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremu</a>. Njemački red <a href="/wiki/Livonsko_bratstvo_ma%C4%8Da" title="Livonsko bratstvo mača">Livonskog bratstva mača</a>, koji je ranije napao <a href="/wiki/Livonci" title="Livonci">Livonce</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latgali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latgali (stranica ne postoji)">Latgale</a> i <a href="/wiki/Seli_(pleme)" title="Seli (pleme)">Selijce</a> , započeo je, <a href="/wiki/1208." class="mw-redirect" title="1208.">1208.</a> godine, intenzivne napade na Estonce. U sukobima koji su trajali narednih godina, Estonce je zajednički predvodio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembitu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembitu (stranica ne postoji)">Lembitu</a>, starješina iz okruga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakala_(okrug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakala (okrug) (stranica ne postoji)">Sakale</a>. Estonci su uspješno odolijevali napadima sve do <a href="/wiki/1217." class="mw-redirect" title="1217.">1217.</a> godine, kada su pretrpjeli težak poraz u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_na_dan_svetog_Mateja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka na dan svetog Mateja (stranica ne postoji)">bitci na dan svetog Mateja</a>, u kojoj je poginuo i sam Lembitu. Već <a href="/wiki/1219." class="mw-redirect" title="1219.">1219.</a> godine, danske trupe predvođene Valdemarom II. iskrcale su se kod današnjeg <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>, porazili Estonce u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Lindanisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Lindanisa (stranica ne postoji)">borbi</a> i započeli s osvajanjem sjevera Estonije.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Već sljedeće godine, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ve%C4%91ani" title="Šveđani">Šveđani</a> su pokušali osvojiti zapadnu Estoniju, ali njihov je napad odbijen. Godine <a href="/wiki/1223." class="mw-redirect" title="1223.">1223.</a>, dolazi do masovnog ustanka Estonaca koji je doveo do privremenog protjerivanja njemačkih i danskih osvajača iz zemlje, osim s područja <a href="/wiki/Reval" class="mw-redirect" title="Reval">Revala</a>. Međutim, križarski su se napadi ubrzo nastavili te je cijela Estonija pokorena do <a href="/wiki/1227." class="mw-redirect" title="1227.">1227.</a> godine; Saaremaa je bila posljednja estonska država koja se predala.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Nakon što su križari zauzeli cijelo područje nekadašnje Livonije, cijeli je teritorij dobio novo ime − <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Sjeverna Estonija, koja je bila pod upravom Danske, pretvorena je u <a href="/wiki/Vojvodstvo_Estonija_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Vojvodstvo Estonija (1219–1346)">vojvodstvo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danski" class="mw-redirect" title="Danski">danski</a>: Hertugdømmet Estland; <a href="/wiki/Latinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinski">latinski</a>: Ducatus Estoniae), dok je ostatak zemlje podeljen između Livonskog bratstva i kneževa-biskupa Dorpata te Ösel–Wieka. Godine <a href="/wiki/1236." class="mw-redirect" title="1236.">1236.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livonsko_bratstvo_ma%C4%8Da" title="Livonsko bratstvo mača">Livonsko bratstvo mača</a> i <a href="/wiki/Teutonski_red" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonski red">Teutonski red</a> ujedinili su se u <a href="/wiki/Livonski_red" title="Livonski red">Livonski red</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> U narednim je desetljaćima dolazilo do niza pobuna protiv osvajača, posebno na Saaremi, a najveća pobuna, koja je zahvatila cijelu zemlju, dogodila se <a href="/wiki/1343." class="mw-redirect" title="1343.">1343.</a> godine i poznata je kao <a href="/wiki/Jurjevski_no%C4%87ni_ustanak" title="Jurjevski noćni ustanak">Jurjevski noćni ustanak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Jüriöö ülestőus). Teutonci su <a href="/wiki/1345." class="mw-redirect" title="1345.">1345.</a> godine ugušili ustanak u krvi; sljedeće godine, Danska im je prodala sve svoje posjede na sjeveru zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Propali ustanak doveo je do jačanja političke moći manjinskin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_Nijemci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički Nijemci (stranica ne postoji)">Baltičkih Nijemaca</a>, koji su tokom narednih vijekova bili vladajuća elita na području cijele zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kuressaare Castle, square stone keep with one square corner tower and red tile roof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg/220px-Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg/330px-Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg/440px-Kuressaare_Arensburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zamak_Kuressaare" title="Zamak Kuressaare">Zamak Kuressaare</a> na <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremi</a> nastao je tokom <a href="/wiki/1380-e" title="1380-e">1380-ih</a> godina.</figcaption></figure> Danci su za vrijeme svoje vladavine sjevernom Estonijom osnovali grad <a href="/wiki/Reval" class="mw-redirect" title="Reval">Reval</a> (današnji <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>), na mjestu nekadašnjeg Lindanisa. Godine <a href="/wiki/1248." class="mw-redirect" title="1248.">1248.</a>, Reval je dobio status grada u skladu sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libe%C4%8Dko_pravo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libečko pravo (stranica ne postoji)">Libečkim pravom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanzeatska_liga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanzeatska liga (stranica ne postoji)">Hanzeatska liga</a>, koja je u to vrijeme kontrolirala trgovačke puteve na Baltiku, u svom je članstvu imala četiri najveća estonska grada: <a href="/wiki/Reval" class="mw-redirect" title="Reval">Reval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorpat">Dorpat</a> (danas <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pernau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pernau">Pernau</a> (danas <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Fellin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellin">Fellin</a> (danas <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a>). Reval je služio kao važna trgovačka postoja prema <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorodu</a>, dok je Dorpat imao istu funkciju na jugu, povezujući zapadne hanzeatske gradove s <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskovom</a>. U to su vrijeme osnovane i brojne <a href="/wiki/Gilda" title="Gilda">gilde</a>, međutim autohtonom je estonskom stanovništvu pristup bio prilično ograničen.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Zaštićeni gradskim zidinama i uživajući protekciju Hanzeatske lige, Reval i Dorpat su značajno ojačali u ovom periodu. Oba su grada, kako im je rasla ekonomska moć, sve više i više izlazili iz pravnih okvira Livonije i djelovali nezavisno od njih.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Nakon što je Teutonski red doživio težak poraz u <a href="/wiki/Bitka_kod_Grunwalda" title="Bitka kod Grunwalda">bitci kod Grunwalda</a> <a href="/wiki/1410." class="mw-redirect" title="1410.">1410.</a> godine, odnosno nakon poraza Livonskog reda <a href="/wiki/1435." class="mw-redirect" title="1435.">1435.</a> godine u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Pabaiskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Pabaiskas (stranica ne postoji)">bitci kod Pabaiskasa</a>, došlo je do reorganizacije države i nekadašnja Terra Mariana službeno je, <a href="/wiki/4._prosinca" class="mw-redirect" title="4. prosinca">4. prosinca</a> <a href="/wiki/1435." class="mw-redirect" title="1435.">1435.</a> godine, postala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonska_Konfederacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonska Konfederacija (stranica ne postoji)">Livonska Konfederacija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VLM-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantska_reformacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantska reformacija">Protestantska reformacija</a>, koja je u Europi započela <a href="/wiki/1517." class="mw-redirect" title="1517.">1517.</a> godine, ubrzo je zahvatila i Livoniju, a glavni protivnik reformacije na tom području bio je Livonski red.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Protestantizam se već tijekom <a href="/wiki/1520-e" title="1520-e">1520-ih</a> pojavio u većim gradovima, a u naredna je dva desetljeća većina plemstva i službeno prešla na <a href="/wiki/Luteranstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Luteranstvo">luteranstvo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frucht121-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Liturgije u crkvama počele su se održavati na <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemačkom jeziku</a>, koji je bio službeni jezik plemstva, a po prvi put su počele održavati i crkvene službe na <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonskom jeziku</a> (uglavnom u seoskim crkvama).<a href="#cite_note-Frucht121-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Livonska Konfederacija je bila jako decentralizirana i politički slaba država, čije su jačanje kočili brojni unutardržavni sukobi između vladajućih lokalnih elita, gradova i crkvenih vlasti; kao takva, predstavljala je lak plijen za susjedne države koje su tokom <a href="/wiki/16._vijek" title="16. vijek">XVI. vijeka</a> znatno ojačale, poput <a href="/wiki/Moskovska_Kne%C5%BEevina" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskovska Kneževina">Moskovske Kneževine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija">Poljsko-Litavske Unije</a> i Švedske.<a href="#cite_note-Frucht121-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hoover_Press-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Švedska_vladavina">Švedska vladavina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Švedska vladavina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Švedska vladavina">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska_Estonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Švedska Estonija">Švedska Estonija</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Academia_Gustaviana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Academia_Gustaviana.jpg/220px-Academia_Gustaviana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Academia_Gustaviana.jpg/330px-Academia_Gustaviana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Academia_Gustaviana.jpg/440px-Academia_Gustaviana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2146" /></a><figcaption>"Academia Dorpatensis" (danas <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerzitet u Tartuu</a>) osnovana je <a href="/wiki/1632." class="mw-redirect" title="1632.">1632.</a> godine od strane kralja <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_od_%C5%A0vedske" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Adolf od Švedske">Gustava II. Adolfa</a> kao tek drugi univerzitet u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedskoj</a>. Nakon smrti kralja postala je poznata kao "Academia Gustaviana".</figcaption></figure> Želeći da <a href="/wiki/Rusko_Carstvo" title="Rusko Carstvo">Rusko Carstvo</a> dođe do <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltika</a> na zapadu, ruski car <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Grozni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Grozni">Ivan Grozni</a> je <a href="/wiki/1558." class="mw-redirect" title="1558.">1558.</a> godine napao Livoniju i započinje <a href="/wiki/Livonski_rat" title="Livonski rat">Livonski rat</a>. Livonski je red već <a href="/wiki/1560." class="mw-redirect" title="1560.">1560.</a> teško poražen u sukobu s moćnijm i brojnijim neprijateljem, zbog čega je livonsko plemstvo zatražilo vanjsku pomoć u borbi s Rusima. Najveći dio Livonije dobrovoljno je prihvatio <a href="/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija">poljsku</a> vlast, plemstvo sa sjevera zemlje priseglo je na vjernost švedskom kralju, dok je biskup Ösel-Wieka svoju zemlju prodao Dancima. Ruska vojska je tijekom prvih deset godina rata postepeno zauzela gotovo cijelu Livoniju, ali je nakon zajedničke kontraofanzive koju su krajem <a href="/wiki/1570-e" title="1570-e">1570-ih</a> započele Poljsko-Litavska Unija i Švedska bila primorana na povlačenje. Livonski rat službeno je završen <a href="/wiki/1583." class="mw-redirect" title="1583.">1583.</a> godine porazom i povlačenjem ruske vojske.<a href="#cite_note-Hoover_Press-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Po okončanju rata, cijela sjeverna Estonija ostala je švedskom upravom te je politički reorganizirana kao <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska_Estonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Švedska Estonija">Švedska Estonija</a>, južni dijelovi su ušli u sastav <a href="/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija">Poljsko-Litavske Unije</a> (kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonsko_vojvodstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonsko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Livonsko vojvodstvo</a>), dok je otok <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a> ostalo pod upravom Danske.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Period mira nije dugo trajao i već <a href="/wiki/1600." class="mw-redirect" title="1600.">1600.</a> dolazi do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poljsko-%C5%A1vedski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poljsko-švedski rat (stranica ne postoji)">rata između Švedske i Poljske</a>, koji je za cilj imao uspostavu prevlasti na istočnom Baltiku.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Sukob, koji je trajao punih 29 godina, potpuno je uništio već devastirano područje Livonije, a tokom ratnih godina, broj stanovnika Estonije drastično je opao; od otprilike 250,000−270,000 stanovnika, koliko ih je bilo sredinom <a href="/wiki/16._vijek" title="16. vijek">XVI. vijeka</a>, na kraju rata je ostalo svega 115,000–120,000 ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Rat je završen švedskim pripajanjem Livonije, a <a href="/wiki/1645." class="mw-redirect" title="1645.">1645.</a> godine je i danska Saaremaa pripojena Švedskoj.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Iako je novouspostavljena švedska vlast zadržala dotadašnji feudalni sustav, izvršene su značajne reforme koje su seljacima omogućavale nasljedna prava na zemljište koje su obrađivali. Bio je to prvi put u historiji da je estonskim seljacima pravno omogućeno nasljeđivanje zemlje. Zbog svega toga, u estonskoj se usmenoj predaji period švedske vladavine se naziva "dobrim, starim švedskim dobom" (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: "vana hea Rootsi aeg").<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Po nalogu švedskog kralja <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_od_%C5%A0vedske" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Adolf od Švedske">Gustava II. Adolfa</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Reval" class="mw-redirect" title="Reval">Revalu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dorpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorpat">Dorpatu</a> su otvorene prve gimnazije, a <a href="/wiki/1632." class="mw-redirect" title="1632.">1632.</a> osnovan je i <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerzitet u Tartuu</a>. U oba grada istovremeno su s radom počele i tiskarske radnje. Tijekom <a href="/wiki/1680-e" title="1680-e">1680-ih</a> otvaraju se i brojne osnovne škole diljem zemlje, ponajviše zahvaljujući zalaganju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengt_Gottfried_Forselius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengt Gottfried Forselius (stranica ne postoji)">Bengta Gottfrieda Forseliusa</a>, koji je izvršio i ortografsku reformu <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonskog jezika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> U periodu od 60 do 70 godina od uspostavljanja švedske vlasti, broj stanovnika Estonije je naglo rastao, a rast broja stanovnika naglo je zaustavila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velika_glad_(Estonija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velika glad (Estonija) (stranica ne postoji)">Velika glad</a>, koja je u samo dvije godine (<a href="/wiki/1695." class="mw-redirect" title="1695.">1695.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1697." class="mw-redirect" title="1697.">1697.</a>) odnijela oko 70,000–75,000 života (ili oko 20% od ukupne tadašnje populacije).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruska_vladavina_i_narodni_preporod">Ruska vladavina i narodni preporod</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Ruska vladavina i narodni preporod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ruska vladavina i narodni preporod">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Estonska_gubernija" title="Estonska gubernija">Estonska gubernija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estonski_narodni_preporod" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski narodni preporod">Estonski narodni preporod</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Perno_Postimees,_Nr_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/170px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/255px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/340px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption>Naslovna stranica novina <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4rnu_Postimees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pärnu Postimees (stranica ne postoji)">Perno Postimees</a> (danas <a href="/wiki/Postimees" title="Postimees">Postimees</a>), prvih novina na estonskom jeziku. Izdavač je bio <a href="/wiki/Johann_Voldemar_Jannsen" title="Johann Voldemar Jannsen">Johann Voldemar Jannsen</a>.</figcaption></figure> Godine <a href="/wiki/1700." class="mw-redirect" title="1700.">1700.</a> započeo je <a href="/wiki/Veliki_sjeverni_rat" title="Veliki sjeverni rat">Veliki sjeverni rat</a>, a već <a href="/wiki/1710." class="mw-redirect" title="1710.">1710.</a> godine, <a href="/wiki/Rusko_Carstvo" title="Rusko Carstvo">Rusko Carstvo</a> osvojilo je cijeli teritorij Estonije. Prevlast Rusije na ovom području izvojevana na bojnom polju i službeno je priznata <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1tatski_mir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ništatski mir">Ništadskim mirom</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1721." class="mw-redirect" title="1721.">1721.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Za trajanja rata, estonsko je stanovništvo ponovo pretrpjelo velike gubitke, a prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/1712." class="mw-redirect" title="1712.">1712.</a> na tom je području živjelo između 150,000 i 170,000 ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Novouspostavljena ruska vlast povratila je sva politička i ekonomska prava manjinskim Baltičkim Nijemcima, a kmetstvo je ponovo postalo dominantno među seoskom populacijom tokom cijelog <a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII. vijeka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Estonski seljaci u tom periodu gotovo da nisu imali nikakva prava, a sva politička, ekonomska i crkvena vlast bila je u rukama njemačke plemićke elite.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Iako je kmetstvo službeno ukinuto u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1816." class="mw-redirect" title="1816.">1816.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1819." class="mw-redirect" title="1819.">1819.</a> godine, u stvarnosti se feudalni politički sistem zadržao znatno duže, sve do reformi provedenih sredinom <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>, koje su seljacima dale znatno veća prava.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Ukidanjem kmetstva, estonskim je seljacima ponovo omogućeno upravljanje svojim imanjima, a dozvoljeno im je i neograničeno naseljavanje po gradovima te pristup obrazovnim ustanovama. Sve to je za posljedicu imalo jačanje estonskog nacionalnog identiteta. Taj se period, u kojem je došlo do pojačane književne, teatarske i muzičke djelatnosti, naziva <a href="/wiki/Estonski_narodni_preporod" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski narodni preporod">Estonski narodni preporod</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Ärkamisaeg). Iako je estonski kulturni preporod doživio svoj vrhunac u drugoj polovini <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>, estonska nacionalna svijest postepeno se počela razvijati cijelo stoljeće ranije, kada se sve veći broj pripadnika različitih estonskih plemena počinje nazivati zajedničkim imenom - eestlane.<a href="#cite_note-EE286-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija">Biblija</a> je prevedena na <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonski jezik</a> <a href="/wiki/1739." class="mw-redirect" title="1739.">1739.</a> godine, a broj tiskanih knjiga na estonskom jeziku porastao je sa svega 18, koliko ih je bilo tokom <a href="/wiki/1750-e" title="1750-e">1750-ih</a>, na 54 do kraja <a href="/wiki/1790-e" title="1790-e">1790-ih</a>. Do kraja vijeka, više od polovine odrasle seoske populacije bilo je sposobno čitati i pisati. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg/170px-Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg/255px-Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg/340px-Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Robert_Jakobson" title="Carl Robert Jakobson">Carl Robert Jakobson</a> igrao je ključnu ulogu u <a href="/wiki/Estonski_narodni_preporod" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski narodni preporod">Estonskom narodnom preporodu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Prvi univerzitetski obrazovani intelektualci koji su se službeno deklarirali kao Estonci javljaju se tijekom <a href="/wiki/1820-e" title="1820-e">1820-ih</a> godina, a najistaknutiji među njima bili su <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann" title="Friedrich Robert Faehlmann">Friedrich Robert Faehlmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/1798." class="mw-redirect" title="1798.">1798.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1850." class="mw-redirect" title="1850.">1850.</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristjan_Jaak_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristjan Jaak Peterson (stranica ne postoji)">Kristjan Jaak Peterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1801." class="mw-redirect" title="1801.">1801.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1822." class="mw-redirect" title="1822.">1822.</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Reinhold_Kreutzwald" title="Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald">Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald</a> (<a href="/wiki/1803." class="mw-redirect" title="1803.">1803.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1882." class="mw-redirect" title="1882.">1882.</a>). Ipak, vladajuću elitu u kulturnom i privrednom pogledu i dalje su činili Nijemci. Prvi koji je Estonce smatrao jedinstvenim narodom, jednakim svim ostalim narodima u zemlji, bio je baltičkonjemački estofil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garlieb_Merkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garlieb Merkel (stranica ne postoji)">Garlieb Merkel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1769." class="mw-redirect" title="1769.">1769.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1850." class="mw-redirect" title="1850.">1850.</a>), koji je tako postao simbolom estonskog nacionalnog kulturnog pokreta. Estonski kulturni pokret postepeno se širio i postajao sve ambiciozniji, a estonski kulturno-politički lideri iz sredine <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Robert_Jakobson" title="Carl Robert Jakobson">Carl Robert Jakobson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1841." class="mw-redirect" title="1841.">1841.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1882." class="mw-redirect" title="1882.">1882.</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Hurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Hurt (stranica ne postoji)">Jakob Hurt</a> (<a href="/wiki/1839." class="mw-redirect" title="1839.">1839.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1907." class="mw-redirect" title="1907.">1907.</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Johann_Voldemar_Jannsen" title="Johann Voldemar Jannsen">Johann Voldemar Jannsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1819." class="mw-redirect" title="1819.">1819.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1890." class="mw-redirect" title="1890.">1890.</a>),<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> sve otvorenije su zastupali i teze o političkoj autonomiji po ugledu na <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finsku</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1862." class="mw-redirect" title="1862.">1862.</a>, na estonskom i njemačkom jeziku tiskan je nacionalni ep <a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg">Kalevipoeg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Kalevov sin).<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoE-74">[74]</a> Ruske vlasti su krajem <a href="/wiki/1890-e" title="1890-e">1890-ih</a>, s ciljem da suzbiju jačanje estonskog nacionalizma, provele intenzivan proces <a href="/wiki/Rusifikacija" title="Rusifikacija">rusifikacije</a> na teritoriju Estonije.<a href="#cite_note-Raun59-75">[75]</a> U tom periodu, mnoge njemačkojezične ustanove su zatvorene, ili su svoju djelatnost počele obavljati na <a href="/wiki/Ruski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski">ruskom jeziku</a> (poput Univerziteta u Tartuu). Proces rusifikacije naišao je na znatan otpor među estonskom populacijom, a sve su se češće počeli pojavljivati zahtjevi za većom političkom autonomijom pa i potpunom nezavisnošću od Ruskog Carstva. Upravo u ovom periodu dolazi do novog pojačanog vala nacionalizma, na čijem su čelu bile ličnosti poput <a href="/wiki/Jaan_T%C3%B5nisson" title="Jaan Tõnisson">Jaana Tõnissona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantina Pätsa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ruska_revolucija_1905." title="Ruska revolucija 1905.">Velika revolucija</a> koja je <a href="/wiki/1905." class="mw-redirect" title="1905.">1905.</a> godine izbila diljem Carstva zahvatila je i Estoniju, čije je stanovništvo zahtijevalo veće nacionalne i političke slobode.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nezavisnost">Nezavisnost</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Nezavisnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nezavisnost">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">Estonski rat za nezavisnost</a> i <a href="/wiki/Doba_%C5%A1utnje" title="Doba šutnje">Doba šutnje</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg/220px-Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg/330px-Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg/440px-Tallinn24Feb1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>Proslava prve obljetnice estonske nezavisnosti u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> <a href="/wiki/1919." class="mw-redirect" title="1919.">1919.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Nakon <a href="/wiki/Februarska_revolucija" title="Februarska revolucija">Februarske revolucije</a> u <a href="/wiki/Ruski_Imperij" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski Imperij">Rusiji</a> <a href="/wiki/1917." class="mw-redirect" title="1917.">1917.</a> godine, tadašnja <a href="/wiki/Estonska_gubernija" title="Estonska gubernija">Estonska gubernija</a> po prvi je put politički ujedinjena kao zasebna politička jedinica, <a href="/wiki/Autonomna_estonska_gubernija" title="Autonomna estonska gubernija">Autonomna estonska gubernija</a>, čije granice su se gotovo poklapale s modernim državnim granicama. Autonomni status garantirala joj je novoizabrana ruska <a href="/w/index.php?title=Privremena_vlada_Rusije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Privremena vlada Rusije (stranica ne postoji)">Privremena vlada</a> odlukom od <a href="/wiki/12._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="12. travnja">12. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1917." class="mw-redirect" title="1917.">1917.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Izbori za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_provincijska_skup%C5%A1tina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska provincijska skupština (stranica ne postoji)">provincijsku skupštinu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Maapäev) održani su uz sudjelovanje <a href="/wiki/Menj%C5%A1evici" title="Menjševici">menjševičkih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bolj%C5%A1evici" title="Boljševici">boljševičkih</a> frakcija <a href="/wiki/Ruska_socijal-demokratska_radni%C4%8Dka_partija" title="Ruska socijal-demokratska radnička partija">Ruske socijal-demokratske radničke partije</a>, a sve s ciljem da spomenutoj partiji osiguraju što je moguće više mjesta u novoj skupštini. Boljševici, koji su izgubili te izbore, nikada službeno nisu priznali rezultate istih, te je dva dana prije početka <a href="/wiki/Oktobarska_revolucija" title="Oktobarska revolucija">Oktobarske revolucije</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburgu</a> (<a href="/wiki/5._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="5. studenog">5. studenog</a>) lider estonskih boljševika <a href="/wiki/Jaan_Anvelt" title="Jaan Anvelt">Jaan Anvelt</a> sa svojim Vojnim revolucionarnim komitetom izvršio puč i preuzeo vlast nad zemljom. Kako legalno izabrana skupština nikada nije priznala boljševičku vlast, boljševici su je pokušali raspustiti. Iako se na svojoj posljednjoj sjednici, održanoj <a href="/wiki/15._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="15. studenog">15. studenog</a>, Skupština proglasila za vrhovni i jedini legalni organ vlasti u zemlji,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> parlament je službeno raspušten od strane boljševika <a href="/wiki/26._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="26. studenog">26. studenog</a>. Na novim izborima, koji su održani početkom <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine, većinu glasova dobile su stranke koje su se zalagale za nezavisnost, a nacionalno vijeće proglasilo je nezavisnost Estonije <a href="/wiki/19._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="19. veljače">19. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine. <a href="/wiki/Manifest_narod%C4%81_Estonije" title="Manifest narodā Estonije">Deklaracija o nezavisnosti Estonije</a> službeno je donesena <a href="/wiki/24._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="24. veljače">24. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine, odmah nakon što su boljševički revolucionari napustili <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. Već narednog dana, njemačke su trupe umarširale u grad, a nakon <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_okupacija_Estonije_u_Prvom_svjetskom_ratu" title="Njemačka okupacija Estonije u Prvom svjetskom ratu">okupacije cjelokupnog teritorija</a> Estonije i <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a>, predloženo je osnivanje satelitske države imena <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Balti%C4%8Dko_Vojvodstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Baltičko Vojvodstvo">Ujedinjeno Baltičko Vojvodstvo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemački</a>: Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum).<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Shodno odredbama <a href="/wiki/Mir_u_Brest-Litovsku" title="Mir u Brest-Litovsku">Brestlitovskog mirovnog sporazuma</a> između Rusije i <a href="/wiki/Centralne_sile" title="Centralne sile">Centralnih sila</a> potpisanog <a href="/wiki/3._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="3. ožujka">3. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine, Rusija je službeno okončala svoje sudjelovanje u <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvom svjetskom ratu</a>, a odrekla se i svih teritorijalnih pretenzija na Estoniju (između ostalih). Njemačka okupacija Estonije trajala je do studenog <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine, kada je vlast u zemlji službeno ponovo preuzela <a href="/w/index.php?title=Privremena_estonska_vlada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Privremena estonska vlada (stranica ne postoji)">Privremena estonska vlada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg/220px-Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg/330px-Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg/440px-Soomusrong_nr_2_Valgas_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Estonski <a href="/wiki/Oklopni_vlak" title="Oklopni vlak">oklopni vlak</a> tokom <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">rata za nezavisnost</a> <a href="/wiki/1919." class="mw-redirect" title="1919.">1919.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Nekoliko dana nakon povlačenja njemačkih trupa, <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">sovjetska</a> <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvena armija</a> ponovo je izvršila invaziju na Estoniju, što je dovelo do <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">novog rata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Estonska vojska uspjela je protjerati sve sovjetske trupe sa svog teritorija do kraja veljače <a href="/wiki/1919." class="mw-redirect" title="1919.">1919.</a>, a od <a href="/wiki/5._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="5. travnja">5.</a> do <a href="/wiki/7._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="7. travnja">7. travnja</a> iste godine održani su i izbori za Estonsku ustavotvornu skupštinu. <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">Estonski rat za nezavisnost</a> trajao je punih 14 mjeseci, od <a href="/wiki/28._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="28. studenog">28. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="2. veljače">2. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. godine, kada je potpisivanjem <a href="/wiki/Rusko-estonski_sporazum_iz_Tartua" title="Rusko-estonski sporazum iz Tartua">mirovnog ugovora u Tartuu</a> Rusija i službeno priznala Estoniju kao nezavisnu zemlju.<a href="#cite_note-Pinder76-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Republiku Estoniju su među prvima službeno priznale <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a> (<a href="/wiki/7._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="7. srpnja">7. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljska</a> (<a href="/wiki/31._prosinca" class="mw-redirect" title="31. prosinca">31. prosinca</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (<a href="/wiki/12._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="12. siječnja">12. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." class="mw-redirect" title="1921.">1921.</a>) i "Zapadni saveznici" (<a href="/wiki/26._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="26. siječnja">26. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." class="mw-redirect" title="1921.">1921.</a>). Prvi <a href="/wiki/Ustav_Estonije" title="Ustav Estonije">Ustav Estonije</a> službeno je usvojen <a href="/wiki/15._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="15. lipnja">15. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> (na snagu je stupio <a href="/wiki/21._prosinca" class="mw-redirect" title="21. prosinca">21. prosinca</a> iste godine),<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> a po njemu, Estonija je uređena kao <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarna_republika" title="Parlamentarna republika">parlamentarna republika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Nacionalni parlament (<a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a>) sastojao se od 100 zastupnika, koji su birani na trogodišnji mandat. Ustav je garantirao i kulturnu autonomiju svim manjinskim zajednicama u zemlji.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Godine <a href="/wiki/1924." class="mw-redirect" title="1924.">1924.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez">Sovjetski Savez</a> organizirao je <a href="/wiki/Poku%C5%A1aj_dr%C5%BEavnog_udara_u_Estoniji_1924." title="Pokušaj državnog udara u Estoniji 1924.">komunistički puč</a> u Estoniji, koji je, međutim, ubrzo propao.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Velika_depresija" class="mw-redirect" title="Velika depresija">Velika depresija</a> koja je zahvatila zemlju tokom <a href="/wiki/1930e" class="mw-redirect" title="1930e">1930-ih</a> godina dovela je do jačanja nacionalističkih pokreta u zemlji, a jedan od najutjecajnijih je bio <a href="/wiki/Vaps_(pokret)" title="Vaps (pokret)">pokret Vaps</a>, savez ratnih vojnih veterana rata za nezavisnost, koji se zalagao za ustavne reforme i prelazak s parlamentarnog na <a href="/wiki/Predsjedni%C4%8Dki_sistem" title="Predsjednički sistem">predsjednički sistem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Referendum o ustavnim promjenama održan je u listopadu <a href="/wiki/1933." class="mw-redirect" title="1933.">1933.</a>, a većina građana (72.7%) izjasnila se za ustavne reforme. Kandidat pokreta Vaps, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andres_Larka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andres Larka (stranica ne postoji)">Andres Larka</a>, bio je glavni favorit na predsjedničkim izborima koji su se trebali održati u travnju <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> godine. Međutim, aktualni <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">premijer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a>, raspustio je parlament <a href="/wiki/12._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="12. ožujka">12. ožujka</a>, uspostavio autoritarnu vlast i vladao zemljom na osnovu dekreta sve do <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> godine, lažno tvrdeći da tako sprječava nepostojeće planove Vapsa za državni udar. U tom periodu, koji se u estonskoj historiografiji označava kao "<a href="/wiki/Doba_%C5%A1utnje" title="Doba šutnje">Doba šutnje</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: vaikiv ajastu), Päts je vladao diktatorski, zabranio je djelovanje pokreta Vaps i mnoge njegove utjecajne pristalice osudio na zatvorske kazne; podršku su mu pružili general <a href="/wiki/Johan_Laidoner" title="Johan Laidoner">Johan Laidoner</a> i političar <a href="/wiki/Kaarel_Eenpalu" title="Kaarel Eenpalu">Kaarel Eenpalu</a>. Pätsova novoformirana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriotska_liga_(Estonija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriotska liga (Estonija) (stranica ne postoji)">Patriotska liga</a> ubrzo je postala jedina legalna politička stranka u zemlji.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Kako bi dao legitimnost svojoj diktaturi, Päts je promijenio Ustav i <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> godine organizirao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Estoniji_1938.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentarni izbori u Estoniji 1938. (stranica ne postoji)">parlamentarne izbore</a>, na kojima su opozicijski kandidati smjeli sudjelovati, ali samo kao nezavisni kandidati, dok su stranke ostale zabranjene.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Iako se radilo o diktaturi, historičari smatraju kako je Pätsov režim bio relativno benigan u odnosu na druge <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91uratni_period" title="Međuratni period">međuratne</a> diktature u Europi te kako nije bilo sustavne represije nad opozicijom u zemlji.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Republika Estonija je na polju vanjske politike zastupala politiku neutralnosti,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> a njena neutralnost poštovana je sve do <a href="/wiki/23._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="23. kolovoza">23. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1939." class="mw-redirect" title="1939.">1939.</a> godine, kada je potpisan <a href="/wiki/Pakt_Ribbentrop-Molotov" title="Pakt Ribbentrop-Molotov">pakt Ribbentrop-Molotov</a> o podjeli interesnih sfera na istoku Europe između Sovjetskog Saveza i <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Treći Reich">Trećeg Reicha</a>. Shodno tom sporazumu, Estonija je potpala pod sovjetsku sferu utjecaja.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugi_svjetski_rat">Drugi svjetski rat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Drugi svjetski rat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Drugi svjetski rat">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonija u Drugom svjetskom ratu (stranica ne postoji)">Estonija u Drugom svjetskom ratu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_aneksija_balti%C4%8Dkih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država">Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg/220px-Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg/330px-Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg/440px-Red_Army_entering_into_Estonia_in_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption>Ulazak <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvene armije</a> u Estoniju <a href="/wiki/1939." class="mw-redirect" title="1939.">1939.</a> godine, nakon potpisivanja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetski-estonski_sporazum_o_me%C4%91usobnoj_pomo%C4%87i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovjetski-estonski sporazum o međusobnoj pomoći (stranica ne postoji)">sporazuma</a> o uspostavi sovjetskih vojnih baza na estonskom tlu.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez">Sovjetski Savez</a> napao je <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljsku</a> <a href="/wiki/17._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="17. rujna">17. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1939." class="mw-redirect" title="1939.">1939.</a> godine, malo manje od tri tjedna nakon početka <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>. Poljska podmornica klase <a href="/w/index.php?title=ORP_Orze%C5%82_(1938)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORP Orzeł (1938) (stranica ne postoji)">ORP Orzeł</a> koja je bila usidrena u luci u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> nesmetano je napustila luku i otplovila u <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a> unatoč zahtjevima sovjetskih vlasti da bude razoružana, a njena posada internirana na tlo Sovjetskog Saveza. Sovjetske vlasti su kasnije iskoristile taj slučaj (poznat i kao <a href="/wiki/Orzeljski_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Orzeljski incident">Orzeljski incident</a>) i već <a href="/wiki/24._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="24. rujna">24. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1939." class="mw-redirect" title="1939.">1939.</a> godine, uz prijetnje ratom, zahtijevale od estonskih vlasti dozvole za postavljanje vojnih baza na njihovom teritoriju (sa do maksimalno 25,000 vojnika u njima).<a href="#cite_note-TM091939-97">[97]</a> Vlasti Estonije su četiri dana kasnije, <a href="/wiki/28._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="28. rujna">28. rujna</a>, pristale na ultimatum i dopustile sovjetskim trupama pristup estonskom teritoriju.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Sovjetska baltička flota je <a href="/wiki/12._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="12. lipnja">12. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> izvršila potpunu pomorsku blokadu Estonije,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> a svega četiri dana kasnije Sovjetski Savez je izvršio i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_aneksija_balti%C4%8Dkih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država">službenu invaziju</a> na Estoniju.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> U zemlji je ubrzo uspostavljena komunistička vlast pod diktatom <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> te je Estonija <a href="/wiki/21._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="21. srpnja">21. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> i službeno proglašena "socijalističkom republikom". Estonija je i formalno postala članica Sovjetskog Saveza <a href="/wiki/6._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="6. kolovoza">6. kolovoza</a>, kada je i preimenovana u <a href="/wiki/Estonska_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonska SSR">Estonsku Sovjetsku Socijalističku Republiku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malksoo-105">[105]</a> Već u prvoj godini sovjetske uprave pohapšeno je više od 8,000 istaknutih estonskih političkih i vojnih lidera; oko 2,200 uhapšenih je strijeljano, dok je ostatak protjeran u <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulage</a> širom <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibira</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miljan110-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Masovne deportacije estonskog stanovništva nastavile su se i u narednim godinama, a zaključno sa <a href="/wiki/14._lipanj" class="mw-redirect" title="14. lipanj">14. lipnjom</a> <a href="/wiki/1941." class="mw-redirect" title="1941.">1941.</a> godine deportirano je oko 10,000 estonskih civila koje su sovjetske vlasti smatrale protivnicima režima.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Treći Reich">Treći Reich</a> <a href="/wiki/Operacija_Barbarossa" title="Operacija Barbarossa">napao je</a> Sovjetski Savez <a href="/wiki/22._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="22. lipnja">22. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1941." class="mw-redirect" title="1941.">1941.</a> godine, a trupe <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmachta</a> su već u srpnju iste godine, uz svesrdnu pomoć gerilskih antisovjetskih grupa znanih kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umska_bra%C4%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumska braća (stranica ne postoji)">Šumska braća</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> prodrle na tlo Estonije, čime je započeo tzv. <a href="/wiki/Ljetni_rat" title="Ljetni rat">Ljetni rat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Suvesõda). Iako je lokalno stanovništvo dočekalo njemačke vojnike kao osloboditelje, ubrzo je postalo jasno da ne postoje nikakve naznake o eventualnoj obnovi estonske državnosti. Teritorij Estonije pripojen je provinciji <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a>, a osnovane su i posebne sigurnosne snage (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicherheitspolizei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicherheitspolizei (stranica ne postoji)">Sicherheitspolizei</a>) na čijem čelu je bio <a href="/wiki/Ain-Ervin_Mere" title="Ain-Ervin Mere">Ain-Ervin Mere</a>. <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_okupacija_Estonije_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu" title="Njemačka okupacija Estonije u Drugom svjetskom ratu">Njemačke okupacijske vlasti</a> provodile su i masovne regrutacije, a zanimljivo je da se znatan broj estonskih mladića dobrovoljno priključivao Finskoj vojsci u <a href="/wiki/Nastavljeni_rat" title="Nastavljeni rat">borbama protiv Sovjeta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> U finskoj vojsci je tako postojao poseban puk koji su činili isključivo estonski dobrovoljci (Finski pješadijski puk 200; <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: soomepoisid). U Estoniji je djelovala zasebna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waffen-SS (stranica ne postoji)">Waffen-SS</a> divizija (<a href="/w/index.php?title=20._estonska_dobrovolja%C4%8Dka_divizija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20. estonska dobrovoljačka divizija (stranica ne postoji)">20. divizija</a>) koju je činilo oko 20,000 estonskih vojnika.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav,_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg/220px-TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg/330px-TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg/440px-TLA_1465_1_973_Varemetes_Harju_t%C3%A4nav%2C_vasakul_Kuld_L%C3%B5vi_varemed_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8450" data-file-height="5680" /></a><figcaption>Glavni grad Estonije, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, nakon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardiranje_Tallinna_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardiranje Tallinna u Drugom svjetskom ratu (stranica ne postoji)">sovjetskog bombardiranja</a> tokom borbi na <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_front_(Drugi_svjetski_rat)" title="Istočni front (Drugi svjetski rat)">Istočnom frontu</a> u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Njemačke su vlasti i na području Estonije, baš kao i na svim okupiranim područjima, vršile masovne egzekucije <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Židovi">Židova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romi" title="Romi">Roma</a> i drugih antifašista. Od oko 4,500 Židova, koliko ih je živjelo u Estoniji prije početka rata, njih oko 75% izbjeglo je smrt pobjegavši na slobodni teritorij Sovjetskog Saveza, dok je preostalih oko 1,000 Židova uglavnom pobijeno u koncentracijskim logorima već u prvoj godini nacističke okupacije.<a href="#cite_note-CommissionReport-112">[112]</a> U estonske koncentracijske logore dopremani su židovski zatvorenici iz drugih okupiranih dijelova istočne Europe, a prema procjenama, u logorima je stradalo oko 10,000 Židova, 6,000 etničkih Estonaca, oko 1,000 etničkih Rusa, te preko 20,000 sovjetskih ratnih vojnih zarobljenika (ukupan broj žrtava je oko 35,000−40,000 osoba). Sovjetske trupe su u siječnju <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> krenule u kontraofenzivu, potisnuvši nacističke jedinice na zapad sve do estonskih granica. Kada je postalo jasno da se trupe Crvene armije neće zaustaviti na estonskim granicama došlo je do početka masovne mobilizacije za obranu od sovjetske vojske. Posljednji legalno izabrani <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">premijer Estonije</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Uluots" title="Jüri Uluots">Jüri Uluots</a> putem radija pozvao je sve vojno sposobne muškarce da se dobrovoljno prijave u vojsku za obranu zemlje od nove "sovjetske agresije". Već narednog dana, u vojsku se dobrovoljno prijavilo preko 38,000 estonskih mladića,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELande2000200-113">[113]</a> a ubrzo se u zemlju vratio i veliki broj dobrovoljaca iz Finske koji su se priključili novoosnovanoj Teritorijalnoj obrani. <a href="/wiki/Estonska_vlada_u_egzilu" title="Estonska vlada u egzilu">Estonske vlasti u egzilu</a> računale su i na pomoć zapadnih zemalja u očuvanju vlastite nezavisnosti.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199691-114">[114]</a> Povlačenje njemačkih trupa iz Estonije započelo je <a href="/wiki/18._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="18. rujna">18. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a>, a posljednji njemački vojnici napustili su zemlju pred naletom sovjetske armije <a href="/wiki/22._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="22. rujna">22. rujna</a> iste godine. Zajedno s njemačkim okupatorima, zemlju je napustila i estonska vlada koja je sve do <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine i obnove državnosti zemlje, djelovala kao vlada u egzilu iz <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholma</a>. Tokom Drugog svjetskog rata poginulo je oko 80,000 Estonaca, dok je njih oko 70,000 iz raznih razloga emigriralo iz zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovjetski_period">Sovjetski period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Sovjetski period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sovjetski period">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Estonska_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonska SSR">Estonska SSR</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_aneksija_balti%C4%8Dkih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država">Sovjetska aneksija baltičkih država</a></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG/250px-K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG/375px-K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG/500px-K%C3%BC%C3%BCditatudIMGP6672.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Spomenik žrtvama sovjetskih deportacija u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1941." class="mw-redirect" title="1941.">1941.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1949." class="mw-redirect" title="1949.">1949.</a> godine u gradu <a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiskiju</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/375px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zastava_Estonske_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Zastava Estonske SSR">Zastava Estonske SSR</a></figcaption></figure> Iako je <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvena armija</a> krajem <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> godine protjerala jedinice <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmachta</a> s estonskog teritorija i ponovo uspostavila svoju vlast na cijelom području, sukobi s preostalim gerilskim grupama koje su se protivile sovjetskoj vlasti nastavili su se sve do <a href="/wiki/1953." class="mw-redirect" title="1953.">1953.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Estonski ogranak gerilske organizacije <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umska_bra%C4%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumska braća (stranica ne postoji)">Šumska braća</a> činilo je između 14,000 i 15,000 ljudi. Od studenog <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> do studenog <a href="/wiki/1947." class="mw-redirect" title="1947.">1947.</a> godine, pripadnici ove grupe izvršili su 773 oružana napada u kojima je ubijeno oko 1,000 sovjetskih vojnika i pristalica sovjetske vlasti, a kontrolirali su i značajan broj sela diljem zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Prema sovjetskim statističkim podacima, do kraja <a href="/wiki/1953." class="mw-redirect" title="1953.">1953.</a> godine, gerilski je pokret činila ukupno 20,531 osoba, od čega je njih 1,510 ubijeno u oružanim sukobima. Prema istim podacima, tokom sukoba stradalo je 1,728 vojnika Crvene armije, agenata <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>-a i estonske policije. Posljednji živi pripadnik ove grupacije u Estoniji uhapšen je i ubijen <a href="/wiki/1978." class="mw-redirect" title="1978.">1978.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> U represijama koje su uslijedile u prvim poslijeratnim godinama, velik broj osoba procesuiran je zbog optužbi za <a href="/wiki/Kolaboracionizam" title="Kolaboracionizam">kolaboracionizam</a>, a u druge dijelove zemlje prisilno su raseljavane cijele obitelji. Tako je samo tokom martovskih deportacija iz Estonije u <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a> deportirano 20,713 osoba (od čega su 15,916 bili žene i djeca).<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-deportation-121">[121]</a> Prema suvremenim procjenama, Estonija je tokom rata i u poslijeratnim represijama izgubila između 180 i 200,000 ljudi, odnosno oko 20% od ukupne prijeratne populacije.<a href="#cite_note-AR-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Deportirano stanovništvo "zamijenili" su doseljenici iz drugih dijelova <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a>, što je u kratkom periodu dovelo do potpune promjene demografske strukture Estonije. Estonija je tokom rata doživjela velika razaranja, izgubila je značajan dio populacije (što u borbama, što uslijed kasnijih migracija), a uništeno je i više od polovine ukupne infrastrukture u zemlji. Odmah po okončanju rata, sovjetske su vlasti u zemlji uspostavile sovjetski samoupravni model i već <a href="/wiki/1945." class="mw-redirect" title="1945.">1945.</a> godine onemogućeno je privatno vlasništvo u industrijskom sektoru (a dvije godine kasnije i u trgovačkoj djelatnosti). Izvršena je <a href="/wiki/Kolektivizacija" title="Kolektivizacija">kolektivizacija</a> poljoprivrednih zemljišta,<a href="#cite_note-Miljan110-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> a u prvih nekoliko poslijeratnih godina oduzeto je preko 900,000 hektara zemljišta i šuma, koji su pretvoreni u državna dobra (do kraja <a href="/wiki/1950." class="mw-redirect" title="1950.">1950.</a> godine, u Estoniji je bilo 2,213 <a href="/wiki/Kolhoz" title="Kolhoz">kolhoza</a>) ili su dodijeljeni brojnim doseljenicima iz ostalih dijelova Sovjetskog Saveza. Odmah nakon rata, sovjetske su vlasti oduzele <a href="/wiki/Estonska_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonska SSR">Estonskoj SSR</a> oko 2,230 km² teritorija na istoku s većinskim <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">ruskim</a> stanovništvom, priključivši taj teritorij <a href="/wiki/Ruska_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruska SFSR">Ruskoj SFSR</a> (teritorij istočno od <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narve</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C4%8Dorski_rajon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pečorski rajon (stranica ne postoji)">Pečorski rajon</a>). Na čelu sovjetske Estonije (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik, ENSV) nalazili su se etnički Estonci rođeni na teritoriju Rusije i školovani u sovjetskim školama, a za većinu njih <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a> je bio tek drugi jezik, zbog čega su ih u Estoniji podrugljivo nazivali "Jestoncima" (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: jeestlased, jeestlane). Svu vlast u zemlji držala je <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Estonije" title="Komunistička partija Estonije">Komunistička partija Estonije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei) koja je predstavljala teritorijalni ogranak <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">Komunističke partije Sovjetskog Saveza</a> (KPSS), odnosno Savjet ministara.<a href="#cite_note-mnemosyne3-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Većina zapadnih zemalja nikada nije <a href="/wiki/De_iure" title="De iure">de iure</a> priznala sovjetsku vlast u Estoniji, iako su <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Dr%C5%BEave" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjedinjene Države">Sjedinjene Države</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a> kao sudionici <a href="/wiki/Konferencija_u_Jalti" title="Konferencija u Jalti">konferencije u Jalti</a> <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> priznali sovjetsku državu i njene granice. Mnoge su zemlje za službenu estonsku vlast priznavale <a href="/wiki/Estonska_vlada_u_egzilu" title="Estonska vlada u egzilu">vladu koja je djelovala u egzilu</a> (i takvo je stanje ostalo na snazi sve do obnove državnosti <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine).<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Nakon što je <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C5%A1%C4%8Dov" title="Nikita Hruščov">Nikita Hruščov</a> došao na čelo KPSS-a, došlo je do političkog otopljavanja odnosa između službene <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> i ostalih sovjetskih država, pa su tako već <a href="/wiki/1956." class="mw-redirect" title="1956.">1956.</a> godine bili omogućeni i prvi povraci deportiranih osoba iz progonstva. Estonska komunistička partija dobila je određen stupanj autonomije u svom djelovanju u odnosu na KPSS. Intenzivna industrijalizacija, koju su provodile sovjetske vlasti, preobrazila je Estoniju u jednu od industrijski najrazvijenijih i najurbanijih sovjetskih republika s udjelom gradske populacije od čak 65% u <a href="/wiki/1970." class="mw-redirect" title="1970.">1970.</a> godini. Životni standard estonskog stanovništva bio je znatno viši od prosječnog na nivou Sovjetskog Saveza.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> U drugoj polovici <a href="/wiki/1970e" class="mw-redirect" title="1970e">1970-ih</a> dolazi do jačanja disidentskih pokreta širom zemlje, a posebno u pribaltičkim sovjetskim republikama. Od kraja rujna pa do početka listopada <a href="/wiki/1980." class="mw-redirect" title="1980.">1980.</a> godine, širom Estonije održani su brojni antisovjetski studentski prosvjedi koji su nasilno ugušeni. Nešto kasnije, <a href="/wiki/28._listopada" class="mw-redirect" title="28. listopada">28. listopada</a> javno je objavljeno <a href="/wiki/Pismo_%C4%8Detrdesetorice" title="Pismo četrdesetorice">Pismo četrdesetorice</a>, kao svojevrstan manifest protiv daljnje sovjetizacije, a koji je potpisalo 40 najpoznatijih estonskih intelektualaca tog vremena.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Europski_parlament" class="mw-redirect" title="Europski parlament">Europski parlament</a> je <a href="/wiki/13._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="13. siječnja">13. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1983." class="mw-redirect" title="1983.">1983.</a> godine donio rezoluciju kojom je osudio čin aneksije pribaltičkih zemalja od strane Sovjetskog Saveza, označivši ga kao kršenje međunarodnih sporazuma koje je Sovjetski Savez imao sa spomenutim republikama, ujedno pozvavši na nepriznavanje aneksije.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obnova_nezavisnosti">Obnova nezavisnosti</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Obnova nezavisnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Obnova nezavisnosti">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Raspjevana_revolucija" title="Raspjevana revolucija">Raspjevana revolucija</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Toomel_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Toomel_1989.jpg/250px-Toomel_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Toomel_1989.jpg/375px-Toomel_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Toomel_1989.jpg/500px-Toomel_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Prosvjedi u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a> <a href="/wiki/24._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="24. veljače">24. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1989." class="mw-redirect" title="1989.">1989.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> U drugoj polovici <a href="/wiki/1980e" class="mw-redirect" title="1980e">1980-ih</a> godina, diljem <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a> dolazi do jačanja nacionalnih pokreta, ekonomija je doživjela veliki pad, nezadovoljstva građana socijalnim i političkim statusom bivala su sve veća, a tadašnji sovjetski lider <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorba%C4%8Dov" title="Mihail Gorbačov">Mihail Gorbačov</a> pokušao je provesti čitav niz ekonomskih i političkih reformi (<a href="/wiki/Perestrojka" title="Perestrojka">perestrojka</a>) kako bi stabilizirao situaciju u zemlji. Protesti protiv vlasti postajali su sve učestaliji i sve žešći. Pokušaji vlasti da na sjeveru Estonije otvore nova postrojenja za eksploataciju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforit (stranica ne postoji)">fosforita</a> doveli su do masovnih protesta estonskog stanovništva. Protesti koji su izbili <a href="/wiki/3._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="3. travnja">3. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1987." class="mw-redirect" title="1987.">1987.</a> nazvani su <a href="/wiki/Fosforitni_rat" title="Fosforitni rat">Fosforitni rat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Fosforiidisõda), a iako su u osnovi imali ekološki karakter zbog prijetnji zagađenjem životne sredine, imali su i snažan politički predznak pošto su estonski lideri smatrali da bi otvaranje novih industrijskih pogona dovelo do novih masovnih migracija radne snage iz Rusije.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> U službenom glasniku gradskog odbora u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a> od <a href="/wiki/26._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="26. rujna">26. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1987." class="mw-redirect" title="1987.">1987.</a> objavljen je prijedlog buduće estonske ekonomske nezavisnosti (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Isemajandav Eesti) unutar granica zajedničke države. Državne vlasti su ovaj prijedlog označile činom <a href="/wiki/Separatizam" title="Separatizam">separatizma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Tokom <a href="/wiki/1988." class="mw-redirect" title="1988.">1988.</a> godine, intenzivira se razvoj nacionalnih političkih stranaka, tako da je u travnju osnovan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonski_narodni_front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonski narodni front (stranica ne postoji)">Estonski narodni front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Rahvarinne) pod vodstvom <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Savisaar" title="Edgar Savisaar">Edgara Savisaara</a>, koji se zalagao za perestrojku te političke i ekonomske reforme. Za kratko vrijeme, Narodni front postao je najmasovnijim pokretom na teritoriju sovjetske Estonije. Kao odgovor na sovjetsku represiju, nekoliko je desetaka tisuća ljudi na festivalu folklora u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> (održanom od <a href="/wiki/10._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="10. lipnja">10.</a> do <a href="/wiki/14._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="14. lipnja">14. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1988." class="mw-redirect" title="1988.">1988.</a>) pjevalo domoljubne pjesme i nosilo tradicionalna državna obilježja iz predsovjetskog perioda. Mirni protesti nastavili su se i u narednom periodu, a cijeli je pokret ostao je zapamćen kao <a href="/wiki/Raspjevana_revolucija" title="Raspjevana revolucija">Raspjevana revolucija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Ubrzo su se formirali i radikalniji nacionalni pokreti, koji su zahtijevali obnovu nezavisnosti zemlje. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrhovni_sovjet_Estonske_SSR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrhovni sovjet Estonske SSR (stranica ne postoji)">Vrhovni sovjet Estonske SSR</a> na sjednici održanoj <a href="/wiki/16._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="16. studenog">16. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1988." class="mw-redirect" title="1988.">1988.</a> godine donio je <a href="/wiki/Deklaracija_suvereniteta_Estonske_SSR" title="Deklaracija suvereniteta Estonske SSR">odluku o proglašenju suvereniteta Estonske SSR</a>. Istovremeno, na drugoj su se strani počele okupljati ruske političke i građanske elite koje su insiztirale na opstanku zajedničke države.<a href="#cite_note-nezav-138">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Balti_kett_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Balti_kett_22.jpg/220px-Balti_kett_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Balti_kett_22.jpg/330px-Balti_kett_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Balti_kett_22.jpg/440px-Balti_kett_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dki_put" title="Baltički put">Baltički put</a> u <a href="/wiki/Estonska_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonska SSR">Estonskoj SSR</a>.</figcaption></figure> Dana <a href="/wiki/23._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="23. kolovoza">23. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1989." class="mw-redirect" title="1989.">1989.</a> godine, organizirana je akcija poznata kao <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dki_put" title="Baltički put">Baltički put</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Balti kett), u sklopu koje je oko dva milijuna ljudi formiralo kontinuiran ljudski lanac dužine preko 600 km, koji je povezao <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Rigu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Estonski vrhovni sovjet je <a href="/wiki/12._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="12. studenog">12. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1989." class="mw-redirect" title="1989.">1989.</a> godine stavio van snage Deklaraciju o pristupanju Estonije Sovjetskom Savezu od <a href="/wiki/22._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="22. srpnja">22. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> godine, a ubrzo potom i većinom glasova usvojio Deklaraciju o nacionalnom suverenitetu. Krajem veljače <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> godine, formiran je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonski_kongres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonski kongres (stranica ne postoji)">Estonski kongres</a> od 464 člana, koji je djelovao kao prijelazni nacionalni <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Estonije" title="Komunistička partija Estonije">Komunistička partija Estonije</a> službeno je istupila iz članstva u KP Sovjetskog Saveza <a href="/wiki/25._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="25. ožujka">25. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> godine. Estonski vrhovni sovjet je <a href="/wiki/8._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="8. svibnja">8. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> godine proglasio Ustav iz <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> kao važeći pravni akt Estonije. Predsjedavajući <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrhovni_sovjet_Ruske_SFSR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrhovni sovjet Ruske SFSR (stranica ne postoji)">Vrhovnog sovjeta Ruske SFSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Jeljcin" title="Boris Jeljcin">Boris Jeljcin</a>, posjetio je <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> <a href="/wiki/12._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="12. siječnja">12. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine i s predsjednikom Estonskog vrhovnog Sovjeta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Rüütel (stranica ne postoji)">Arnoldom Rüütelom</a>, potpisao dokument o obnovi međudržavnih odnosa između Rusije i Estonije te međusobnom priznanju dvije zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendum_o_nezavisnosti_Estonije_1991.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendum o nezavisnosti Estonije 1991. (stranica ne postoji)">Referendum o nezavisnosti Estonije</a> održan je <a href="/wiki/3._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="3. ožujka">3. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine i na njemu se 78.4% glasača izjasnilo za nezavisnost od Sovjetskog Saveza.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Nekoliko dana kasnije, održan je svesovjetski referendum o opstanku zajedničke sovjetske države, koji su estonske vlasti bojkotirale, a glasanje je održano jedino na sjeveroistoku zemlje, u većinski ruskim područjima.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Dan poslije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolovo%C5%A1ki_pu%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolovoški puč (stranica ne postoji)">neuspješnog državnog udara</a> u <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/20._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="20. kolovoza">20. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a>, estonski je parlament i službeno proglasio obnovu nezavisnosti Estonije.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Već <a href="/wiki/17._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="17. rujna">17. rujna</a> iste godine, Republika Estonija postala je punopravnom članicom <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">Ujedinjenih nacija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dillon164-147">[147]</a> Prva zemlja koja je priznala obnovljenu estonsku nezavisnost bio je <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a>. Novi, četvrti po redu <a href="/wiki/Ustav_Estonije" title="Ustav Estonije">Ustav</a> službeno je stupio na snagu nakon što je usvojen na referendumu održanom <a href="/wiki/28._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="28. lipnja">28. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-4konst-148">[148]</a> Odmah nakon proglašenja nezavisnosti, estonske vlasti vodile su pregovore s Rusijom o povlačenju preostalih ruskih trupa stacioniranih po bazama na teritoriju Estonije. Nakon trogodišnjih pregovora, posljednje ruske trupe naspustile su Estoniju <a href="/wiki/31._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="31. kolovoza">31. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1994." class="mw-redirect" title="1994.">1994.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Tokom <a href="/wiki/1996." class="mw-redirect" title="1996.">1996.</a> godine, Estonija je izvršila demarkaciju svoje južne granice s <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijom</a>, dok je pogranični ugovor s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijom</a> potpisan <a href="/wiki/18._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="18. svibnja">18. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2005." class="mw-redirect" title="2005.">2005.</a> godine; njime su dvije zemlje neznatno redefinirale granicu koju su dijelile od <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine. Nakon sticanja nezavisnosti, jedan od strateških ciljeva zemlje bila je integracija u pravno-politički i ekonomski sistem <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">Europske unije</a>. S tim u vezi, Estonija je službeno započela pregovore o članstvu u EU tokom <a href="/wiki/1998." class="mw-redirect" title="1998.">1998.</a> godine. Nakon uspješno okončanih pregovora o članstvu, stanovnici Estonije su se na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendum_o_pristupanju_Estonije_Evropskoj_uniji_2003.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendum o pristupanju Estonije Evropskoj uniji 2003. (stranica ne postoji)">referendumu</a> održanom <a href="/wiki/14._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="14. rujna">14. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/2003." class="mw-redirect" title="2003.">2003.</a> godine odlučili za punopravno članstvo u EU (na referendumu je sudjelovalo 64.1% registriranih birača, a za članstvo se izjasnilo njih 66.8% dok je protiv bilo njih 33.2%). Estonija je postala punopravnom članicom Unije <a href="/wiki/1._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. svibnja">1. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a> godine (zajedno s još devet država iz istočne i srednje Europe). Mjesec dana ranije, Estonija je postala i punopravnom članicom <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> pakta.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Estonija je <a href="/wiki/1._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. siječnja">1. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a> postala i dijelom <a href="/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona">eurozone</a> i kao službenu valutu umjesto dotadašnje <a href="/wiki/Estonska_kruna" title="Estonska kruna">estonske krune</a> uvela <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> (stare novčanice su zamijenjene novim po službenom tečaju od 15.6466 kruna za 1€).<a href="#cite_note-presseurop-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografija">Geografija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Geografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Geografija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografija_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografija Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Geografija Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonia_relief_map_(2005-2017).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/300px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/450px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/600px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Topografska mapa Estonije.</figcaption></figure> Republika Estonija je smještena u istočnom dijelu <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">baltičkog bazena</a>, na prijelazu iz <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Istočna Europa">istočne</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjeverna Europa">sjevernu Europu</a>. Obuhvaća teritorij površine 45,227 km² i po tom se parametru nalazi se na 31. mjestu među europskim državama, odnosno na 129. mjestu u svjetskim okvirima. Estoniji pripadaju i teritorijalne vode <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a> na udaljenosti od 12 nautičkih milja od obale (22,2 km).<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Najsjevernija točka Estonije leži na sjevernoj obali otoka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaindloo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaindloo (stranica ne postoji)">Vaindloo</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556895">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_49_17_N_26_21_31_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Vaindloo+%28sjever%29">59°49′17″N 26°21′31″E / 59.82139°N 26.35861°E / 59.82139; 26.35861 (Vaindloo (sjever))</a>), dok je najsjevernija točka kontinentalnog dijela poluotok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purekkari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purekkari (stranica ne postoji)">Purekkari</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_40_31_N_25_41_49_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Cape+Purekkari+%28sjever%29">59°40′31″N 25°41′49″E / 59.67528°N 25.69694°E / 59.67528; 25.69694 (Cape Purekkari (sjever))</a>). Najjužnija točka je kod sela <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karis%C3%B6%C3%B6di&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karisöödi (stranica ne postoji)">Karisöödi</a> na granici s <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijom</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=57_30_33_N_26_37_00_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Naha+%28jug%29">57°30′33″N 26°37′00″E / 57.50917°N 26.61667°E / 57.50917; 26.61667 (Naha (jug))</a>). Zapadna točka nalazi se na otoku <a href="/wiki/Nootamaa" title="Nootamaa">Nootamaa</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=58_19_20_N_21_45_51_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Nootamaa+%28zapad%29">58°19′20″N 21°45′51″E / 58.32222°N 21.76417°E / 58.32222; 21.76417 (Nootamaa (zapad))</a>); u kontinentalnom dijelu, to je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rt_Ramsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rt Ramsi (stranica ne postoji)">rt Ramsi</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_01_31_N_23_24_15_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Rt+Ramsi+%28zapad%29">59°01′31″N 23°24′15″E / 59.02528°N 23.40417°E / 59.02528; 23.40417 (Rt Ramsi (zapad))</a>). Najistočnija točka nalazi se istočno od grada <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narve</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_22_13_N_28_12_36_E_type:landmark_region:EE&title=Narva+%28istok%29">59°22′13″N 28°12′36″E / 59.37028°N 28.21000°E / 59.37028; 28.21000 (Narva (istok))</a>). Najveća udaljenost između dva lokaliteta krećuči se cestom iznosi oko 400 km. Većina otoka nalazi se u blizini kontinentalnog dijela zemlje, a najudaljeniji je otok <a href="/wiki/Ruhnu" title="Ruhnu">Ruhnu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riškom zaljevu</a>, koji je od kopna udaljen 65 km.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Na sjeveru i istoku, Estonija izlazi na obale Baltičkog mora, odnosno na njegove zaljeve - <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finski</a> na sjeveru i <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riški</a> na jugozapadu. Finski zaljev razdvaja Estoniju od <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finske</a> (udaljenost između <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinkija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a> iznosi svega 87 km), dok je centralni dio Baltičkog mora razdvaja od <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedske</a>. Ukupna dužina estonske obale, uključujući i obale baltičkih otoka, iznosi 3,794 km.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Estonija ima kopnene granice na jugu i istoku, u ukupnoj dužini od 657 km. Na jugu graniči s <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijom</a> u dužini od 333 km, dok je na istoku granica s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijom</a> u dužini od 324 km. Najveći dio državne granice s Rusijom ima prirodni karakter i proteže se akvatorijem <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cudsko-pskovsko_jezero" title="Čudsko-pskovsko jezero">Čudsko-pskovskog jezera</a> i rijekom <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rijeka)" title="Narva (rijeka)">Narvom</a>, dok je jedina kopnena granica na području <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C4%8Dorski_rajon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pečorski rajon (stranica ne postoji)">Pečorskog rajona</a> <a href="/wiki/Pskovska_oblast" title="Pskovska oblast">Pskovske oblasti</a>. Vlasti Estonije smatraju Pečorski rajon (teritorij površine 1.251 km²) dielom svog teritorija pod privremenom okupacijom Rusije.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologija">Geologija</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Geologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Geologija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg/250px-Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg/375px-Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg/500px-Panga_pank-2-mauricedb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Vapnenačke formacije uz sjeverne obale Estonije.</figcaption></figure> Najveći deo estonskog teritorija čine sedimente stijene iz doba <a href="/wiki/Paleozoik" title="Paleozoik">paleozoika</a>, a koje su prekrivene nešto tanjim <a href="/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar">kvartarnim</a> naslagama. Te stijene izbijaju na površinu jedino u priobalnim područjima i jezersko-riječnim depresijama, na mjestima gdje je <a href="/wiki/Erozija" title="Erozija">erozija</a> ogolila površinski kvartarni sloj. Sjeverna obala u svojoj osnovi izgrađena je od <a href="/wiki/Vapnenac" title="Vapnenac">vapnenačkih</a> stijena i podložna je intenzivnoj <a href="/wiki/Abrazija" title="Abrazija">abraziji</a>. Depresije u centralnom dijelu zemlje nastale su na kontaktu tvrđih <a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">silurskih</a> vapnenaca s mekšim <a href="/wiki/Devon_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devon (period)">devonskim</a> <a href="/wiki/Pje%C5%A1%C4%8Denjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pješčenjak">pješčenjacima</a>. Prije oko 350 milijuna godina, krajem devona, došlo je do konačnog povlačenja mora sa sadašnjeg estonskog kopna. More je za sobom ostavilo pjeskoviti plato koji se proteže od <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finske</a> na sjeveru do <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a> na jugu, te od <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a> do <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedske</a>. Intenzivna erozija površinskih centralnih dijelova Estonije i obala Finskog zaljeva započela je prije oko 65 milijuna godina (početkom <a href="/wiki/Kenozoik" title="Kenozoik">kenozoika</a>) i trajala je sve do posljednje <a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">pleistocenske</a> glacijacije (prije oko 2 milijuna godina). U to vrijeme, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjevernoestonski_klint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjevernoestonski klint (stranica ne postoji)">Sjevernoestonski klint</a> je imao visinu i do 150 m te je razdvajao sjeverne dijelove vapnenačkog platoa od depresija kojima su tekle rijeke na području današnjeg Finskog zaljeva.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Suvremeni reljef Estonije posljedica je djelovanja pleistocenskih ledenjak. Prije oko 12,000 godina, gotovo većina suvremenog teritorija estonije bila je prekrivena moćnim ledenim naslagama zaleđenog Baltičkog jezera. Sjeverna i zapadna obala Estonije je prije oko 7,000 godina bila pod vodama tadašnjeg prethodnika suvremenog <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a>. Led koji se na kraju pleistocenske glacijacije postepeno povlačio prema sjeveru sa sobom je nosio znatne količine finih glina i pijeska s viših područja i taložio ih u nizinskim područjima uz obalu. Pleistocenskaa glacijacija je tako u potpunosti izmijenila reljef tog područja. U odnosu na preglacijalni period, razina mora porasla je za više od 100 m i voda je prekrila značajan dio područja koja su ranije bila kopno. Nakon topljenja moćnih ledenih naslaga, tlo se oslobodilo pritiska, što je dovelo do postepenog izdizanja razine kopna, a proces izdizanja i danas je uočljiv u sjeverozapadnom dijelu zemlje, gdje se na godišnjem nivou tlo diže za 2−3 milimetra.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Izdizanje za posljedicu ima povećanje kopnene mase, a uz obalu se formiraju brojni novi otočići te hridi. Površinske kvartarne naslage formirale su se tijekom i poslije posljednjeg glacijalnog procesa. Prosječna debljina glacijalnih sedimenata na platoima sjeverne i središnje Estonije je od 2 do 3 metra, dok je u južnim dijelovima ona 5−10 m. Vapnenački platoi na kojima je vidljivo odsustvo kvartarnih sedimenata − ili su ti sedimenti pak jako tanki (svega nekoliko centimetara) − nazivaju se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvar (stranica ne postoji)">alvari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Земљиште-159">[159]</a> Maksimalna debljina kvartarnih sedimenata, koja dostiže i do 100 m, vidljiva je u drevnim dolinama i akumulacijskim morenskim pobrđima na krajnjem jugu i jugoistoku.<a href="#cite_note-Земљиште-159">[159]</a> Značajan utjecaj na razvoj suvremenog reljefa u nizinskim područjima odigrala su brojna <a href="/wiki/Treseti%C5%A1te" title="Tresetište">tresetišta</a>. Prva tresetišta u Estoniji nastala su prije oko 8,000 godina, a najintenzivniji proces nastanka <a href="/wiki/Treset" title="Treset">treseta</a> u močvarama odigrao se tijkom poslednje dve tisuće godina. Niska tresetišta danas prekrivaju oko petinu estonskog teritorija.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Sjeverni dio Estonije seizmički je aktivno područje, a <a href="/wiki/Potres" title="Potres">potresi</a>, iako rijetki, nisu neuobičajena pojava. Najjači <a href="/wiki/Potres" title="Potres">potres</a> koji je pogodio ovu zemlju dogodio se <a href="/wiki/25._listopada" class="mw-redirect" title="25. listopada">25. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1976." class="mw-redirect" title="1976.">1976.</a> godine s epicentrom u moru nedaleko od sjeverne obale otoka <a href="/wiki/Osmussaar" title="Osmussaar">Osmussaar</a>. Hipocentar potresa nalazio se na dubini od 10−13 km, a magnituda u hipocentru iznosila je 4.7 po <a href="/wiki/Richterova_skala" title="Richterova skala">Richteru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Publishers2005-160">[160]</a> Potres je izazvao manja oštećenja na starijim objektima, a na nekim mjestima je došlo i do manjeg urušavanja stijena uz obalu. Bio je to službeno najjači zabilježeni potres u historiji Estonije.<a href="#cite_note-KoeberlMartínez-Ruiz2003-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reljef">Reljef</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Reljef" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reljef">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Relief_map_of_Estonia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Relief_map_of_Estonia.png/220px-Relief_map_of_Estonia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Relief_map_of_Estonia.png/330px-Relief_map_of_Estonia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Relief_map_of_Estonia.png/440px-Relief_map_of_Estonia.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Hipsometrijska mapa Estonije.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Valaste_waterfall,_June_2010,_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg/220px-Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg/330px-Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg/440px-Valaste_waterfall%2C_June_2010%2C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vodopad" title="Vodopad">Vodopad</a> <a href="/wiki/Valaste_(vodopad)" title="Valaste (vodopad)">Valaste</a> u Estoniji.</figcaption></figure> Estonija obuhvaća sjeverozapadni dio prostrane Istočnoeuropske ravnice i njenim reljefom dominira nisko i ravno tlo te manja uzvišenja <a href="/wiki/Morena" title="Morena">morenskog</a> porijekla mjestimično ispresjecana riječnim dolinama i ujezerenim depresijama.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Prosječna nadmorska visina je oko 50 m i postepeno raste idući od baltičkih obala prema unutrašnjosti. Najviša točka je brdo <a href="/wiki/Suur_Munam%C3%A4gi" title="Suur Munamägi">Suur Munamägi</a>, na krajnjem jugoistoku zemlje, na gorju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haanja_(gorje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haanja (gorje) (stranica ne postoji)">Haanja</a>, koje s nadmorskom visinom od 318 m ujedno predstavlja i najvišu točku istočne baltičke regije.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Gorja zauzimaju uglavnom centralne, južne i jugoistočne dijelove zemlje, a njihove osnove su uglavnom na nadmorskim visinama od 75 do 100 m. Gorja su obično međusobno razdvojena dubokim depresijama kojima prolaze riječni tokovi. Ovisno o djelovanju vanjskih sila na reljef viših dijelova, estonska gorja, u osnovi morenskog porijekla, dijele se na akumulativna i erozivna. Erozivna gorja uglavnom su dosta zaravnjena, a njihova stjenovita osnova je prekrivena relativno tankim slojem kvartarnih stijena. Dva najtipičnija erozivna gorja u Estoniji su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandivere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandivere (stranica ne postoji)">Pandivere</a> u centralnom dijelu (najviši vrh je <a href="/wiki/Emum%C3%A4gi" title="Emumägi">Emumägi</a> sa 166 m visine) i Sakala (s najvišim vrhom <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A4rjassaare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Härjassaare (stranica ne postoji)">Härjassaare</a> sa 147 m visine) u južnom dijelu zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Akumulativna gorja znatno su viša, raščlanjenija i također su prekrivena nešto moćnijim kvartarnim sedimentima. Tri najznačajnija gorja akumulativnog tipa su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haanja_(gorje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haanja (gorje) (stranica ne postoji)">Haanja</a> na jugoistoku (gdje se nalazi i najviša točka u zemlji, brdo <a href="/wiki/Suur_Munam%C3%A4gi" title="Suur Munamägi">Suur Munamägi</a> s 318 m visine), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4_(gorje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otepää (gorje) (stranica ne postoji)">Otepää</a> na jugu (najviša točka je brdo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuutsem%C3%A4gi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuutsemägi (stranica ne postoji)">Kuutsemägi</a> s 217 m), te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karula_(gorje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karula (gorje) (stranica ne postoji)">Karula</a> na jugu (s najvišom točkom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tornim%C3%A4gi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tornimägi (stranica ne postoji)">Tornimägi</a>, koja ima 137 m).<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Viša područja su još i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drumlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drumlin (stranica ne postoji)">drumlini</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saadj%C3%A4rve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saadjärve (stranica ne postoji)">Saadjärve</a> (s visinom od 144 metra), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadnosaremsko_gorje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadnosaremsko gorje (stranica ne postoji)">Zapadnosaremsko gorje</a> (54 metra) i gorje <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a> (81 m).<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> U viša područja ubrajaju se i ledenjački platoi, koji se nalaze u sjevernom dijelu zemlje, a najupečatljiviji su platoi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harju_(plato)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harju (plato) (stranica ne postoji)">Harju</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B5ru_(plato)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Võru (plato) (stranica ne postoji)">Võru</a>. Oba platoa su od obale <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finskog zaljeva</a> odvojena strmom eskarpom baltičkog klifa i leže na nadmorskim visinama između 30 i 70 m. Ravna i jednolična površina platoa je mjestimično isprekidana riječnim dolinama i kraškim udubljenjima. Plato Harju je uslijed intenzivne erozije raščlanjen na nekoliko manjih platoa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toompea (stranica ne postoji)">Toompea</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viimsi_(poluotok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viimsi (poluotok) (stranica ne postoji)">Viimsi</a> kod Tallinna te arhipelag <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakri_(arhipelag)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakri (arhipelag) (stranica ne postoji)">Pakri</a>). S druge strane, prirodni reljef platoa Võru je modificiran umjetnim putem uslijed eksploatacije uljnih škriljaca, odlaganja jalovine i pepela. U južnom dijelu nalazi se plato <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugandi_(plato)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugandi (plato) (stranica ne postoji)">Ugandi</a> (visine 40−100 m), raščlanjen drevnim dolinama. Nešto viša područja su i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srednjoestonska_ravnica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srednjoestonska ravnica (stranica ne postoji)">Srednjoestonska ravnica</a> (60−80 m) te <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rvemaa" title="Kõrvemaa">Kõrvemaa</a> (50−90 m visine) Nizinska područja rasprostranjena su uz obale <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cudsko-pskovsko_jezero" title="Čudsko-pskovsko jezero">Čudsko-pskovskog jezera</a> i jezera <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a>. Nadmorska visina tih područja je ispod 50 m, a teren je često poplavljen. Nizine zauzimaju oko polovine estonskog teritorija, a najprostranije se nalaze u sjeverozapadnim i zapadnim dijelovima zemlje. Najveće nizinsko područje je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadnoestonska_nizina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadnoestonska nizina (stranica ne postoji)">Zapadnoestonska nizina</a>, koja predstavlja nisko i zamočvareno područje u sklopu kojeg se mjestimično izdižu vapnenačka uzvišenja visine do 20 m (Kirbla, Mihkli Salumägi Hill, Salevere Salumägi i drugi).<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Južnije, uz obale <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riškog zaljeva</a>, nalazi se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnska_nizina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnska nizina (stranica ne postoji)">Parnska nizina</a>, također močvarno područje u čijoj se osnovi nalaze devonske pješčare. Od mora je odvojena visokim pješčanim <a href="/wiki/Dina" title="Dina">dinama</a>, koje se pružaju uz obale Riškog zaljeva.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Zapadnoestonska nizina se dalje na zapadu nastavlja na otoke zapadnoestonskog arhipelaga, čijim reljefom dominiraju niska i ravna područja maksimalne visine do 20 m. Nadmorska visina na otocima postepeno raste prema zapadu, a posebno dolazi do izražaja na zapadu <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saareme</a> i na poluotoku <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B5rve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sõrve (stranica ne postoji)">Sõrve</a> na <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumi</a>. Duž sjeverne obale Saareme i otoka <a href="/wiki/Muhu_(otok)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhu (otok)">Muhu</a> proteže se do 21 metra visoki <a href="/wiki/Klif" title="Klif">klif</a> po imenu Panga. Većim dijelom sjeverne obale prostire se uska Sjevernoestonska priobalna ravnica, stisnuta između voda Finskog zaljeva na sjeveru i Baltičkog klinta na jugu. Širina ovog područja varira od nekoliko metara do dvadesetak kilometara i na tom dijelu obale nalaze se brojni manji poluotoci, zaljevi i otoci. Uz sjeverne i zapadne obale <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cudsko-pskovsko_jezero" title="Čudsko-pskovsko jezero">Čudsko-pskovskog jezera</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonskom</a> se to jezero naziva <a href="/wiki/Peipsi_(jezero)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peipsi (jezero)">Peipsi</a>) također se nalaze niske i močvarne ravnice, a isti karakter ima i depresija uz jezero <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a> u južnom dijelu zemlje. Uz sjevernu obalu jezera Peipsi je nizina Alutaguse, dok se zapadno od jezera nalazi priobalna nizina.<a href="#cite_note-Topography-158">[158]</a> Depresije i doline također predstavljaju značajne oblike reljefa u južnom dijelu zemlje i smještene su između nešto viših gorja, koja se međusobno razdvajaju. Dolina rijeke <a href="/wiki/Valga" class="mw-disambig" title="Valga">Valge</a> (visina 40−80 m) razdvaja gorje Sakala, s jedne, od gorja Karula i Otepää, s druge strane. Dolina Valge na sjeveroistoku se nastavlja na dolinu rijeke <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ike_Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Väike Emajõgi">Väike Emajõgi</a>, koja se dalje pruža sve do jezera Peipsi. Između Haanje i Karule nalaze se doline Võru i Hargla (visine 70−100 m). <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 143.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satelitska snimka Estonije."><img alt="Satelitska snimka Estonije." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg/215px-Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg/323px-Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg/430px-Luftbild_Finnischer_Meerbusen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="566" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Satelitska snimka Estonije.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Osmussaar_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obala otoka Osmussaar."><img alt="Obala otoka Osmussaar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Osmussaar_2001.jpg/280px-Osmussaar_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Osmussaar_2001.jpg/419px-Osmussaar_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Osmussaar_2001.jpg/559px-Osmussaar_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="451" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Obala otoka <a href="/wiki/Osmussaar" title="Osmussaar">Osmussaar</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ukupno 2,549 km² (ili 5.6% ) estonskog kopna nalazi se pod tresetištima.[163]"><img alt="Ukupno 2,549 km² (ili 5.6% ) estonskog kopna nalazi se pod tresetištima.[163]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg/270px-Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg/405px-Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg/540px-Roosa_hommikuudu_Tolkuse_rabas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ukupno 2,549 km² (ili 5.6% ) estonskog kopna nalazi se pod <a href="/wiki/Treseti%C5%A1te" title="Tresetište">tresetištima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teritorij Estonije sadrži oko 50% šumskih površina."><img alt="Teritorij Estonije sadrži oko 50% šumskih površina." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg/272px-Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg/407px-Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg/543px-Haanja_2010_01_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2653" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Teritorij Estonije sadrži oko 50% šumskih površina.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Najduža drvena staza kroz tresetišta duga je 627 km.[164]"><img alt="Najduža drvena staza kroz tresetišta duga je 627 km.[164]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg/270px-Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg/405px-Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg/540px-Hommik_Viru_rabas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7298" data-file-height="4871" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Najduža drvena staza kroz tresetišta duga je 627 km.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></div> </li> </ul> </center> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_klint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički klint (stranica ne postoji)">Baltički klint</a>, koji se prostire uz sjevernu obalu Estonijem predstavlja jednu od najdužih erozivnih eskarpi u cijeloj sjevernoj Europi (prostire se od <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Ålandskih otoka</a> do jezera <a href="/wiki/Ladoga" title="Ladoga">Ladoga</a>). U sjeverozapadnim i sjeveroistočnim dijelovima, Baltički klint ima karakter erozivnog <a href="/wiki/Klif" title="Klif">klifa</a> i izlazi na obale Finskog zaljeva. Najviši dio Estonskog klifa nalazi se kod Ontike i visok je 56 m. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baltička_obala_i_otoci">Baltička obala i otoci</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Baltička obala i otoci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Baltička obala i otoci">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg/220px-Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg/330px-Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg/440px-Kiipsaare_leaning_lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3483" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Kosi <a href="/wiki/Svjetionik" title="Svjetionik">svjetionik</a> Kiipsaare na otoku <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg/220px-Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg/330px-Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg/440px-Tubala_tuulik_august_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1607" /></a><figcaption>Drvena vjetrenjača u selu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubala (stranica ne postoji)">Tubala</a> na otoku <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumi</a>.</figcaption></figure> Na sjeveru i zapadu, Estonija izlazi na obale <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a>, odnosno na obale njegovih zaljeva, <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finskog</a> na sjeveru i <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riškog</a> na jugozapadu. Ukupna dužina morskih obala kontinentalnog dijela Estonije iznosi 1,242 km, a računajući i otoke, estonska baltička obala dugačka je 2,551 km.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Najdužu obalu među otocima ima ostrvo <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a> s 854 km.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Estonska obala je dosta razvedena i prepuna je malih i plitkih <a href="/wiki/Zaljev" title="Zaljev">zaljeva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Poluotok" title="Poluotok">poluotoka</a>. Uz obalu se nalaze brojni stjenoviti otoci i grebeni, a more je duž cijele estonske obale relativno plitko. Najplići dio je područje koji se nalazi na oko 15 km sjeverozapadno od <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiume</a>, gdje dubina mora na pojedinim mjestima dostiže svega jedan metar.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Najveće dubine unutar estonskih teritorijalnih voda su u Finskom zaljevu, gdje dubine dostižu i do 100 m, dok je maksimalna dubina Riškog zaljeva oko 50−60 m. Riški zaljev je na sjeveru preko plitkog prolaza <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4inameri" title="Väinameri">Väinameri</a>, površine 2,200 km², povezan sa Finskim zaljevom. Baltičko more se odlikuje jako malim plimnim valovima, čija je prosječna visina oko 10 cm. Prosječna visina valova je 1−2 metra, dok najviši valovi nastaju za vrijeme jakih oluja i njihova visina se kreće do 10 m na otvorenom moru, oko 6 m u Finskom i 3−4 metra u Riškom zaljevu.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Najveći zaljevi su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narvski_zaljev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narvski zaljev (stranica ne postoji)">Narvski</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talinski_zaljev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talinski zaljev (stranica ne postoji)">Talinski</a> u Finskom, te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnski_zaljev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnski zaljev (stranica ne postoji)">Parnski</a> u Riškom zalivu. Estoniji pripada ukupno 2,355 otoka, računajući i baltičke i jezerske otoke. Najveća otočna skupina nalazi se zapadno od zapadne obale zemlje i sjeverno od Riškog zaljeva, a radi se o <a href="/wiki/Zapadnoestonski_arhipelag" title="Zapadnoestonski arhipelag">Zapadnoestonskom arhipelagu</a>. Zapadnoestonske otoke od kopna razdvaja uski i plitki prolaz <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4inameri" title="Väinameri">Väinameri</a>. Ukupna površina arhipelaga je oko 4,000 km², a čini ga oko 500 otoka.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-165">[165]</a> Uglavnom je riječ o manjim otocima, često zanemarive površine, a svega pet otoka u ovom arhipelagu ima površinu veću od 10 km². Površinom najveći estonski otok je <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>, koji je s površinom od 2,672 km² četvrti otok po veličini u Baltičkom moru (posle <a href="/wiki/Zeland,_Danska" title="Zeland, Danska">Zelanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotlanda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fyn" title="Fyn">Fyna</a>). Saaremaa je relativno nizak i ravan otok, a jedino je njegov krajnji zapadni dio, gdje se nalazi morensko Zapadnosaremsko gorje (maksimalne visine do 54 metra), nešto uzdignutiji.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Drugi po veličini otok u arhipelagu je <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a> s površinom od 989 km². Hiiumaa je nešto viši u usporedbi sa Saaremom, a na najvišem vrhu otoka, brdu Tornimägi (68 m visine), nalazi se najstariji estonski <a href="/wiki/Svjetionik" title="Svjetionik">svjetionik</a>. Znatnije površine imaju još i otoci <a href="/wiki/Muhu" title="Muhu">Muhu</a> (198 km²), <a href="/wiki/Vormsi" title="Vormsi">Vormsi</a> (93 km²) i <a href="/wiki/Kassari" title="Kassari">Kassari</a> (19.3 km²).<a href="#cite_note-Острва2-167">[167]</a> Najveći otoci u Riškom zaljevu su <a href="/wiki/Kihnu" title="Kihnu">Kihnu</a> (16.4 km²) u istočnom dijelu, <a href="/wiki/Ruhnu" title="Ruhnu">Ruhnu</a> (11.4 km²) u centralnom te <a href="/wiki/Abruka" title="Abruka">Abruka</a> (8.78 km²) u sjevernom delu zaljeva (južno od južne obale Saareme).<a href="#cite_note-Острва2-167">[167]</a> U Finskom zaljevu nalazi se oko stotinjak otoka koji teritorijalno pripadaju Estoniji, a većina njih nalazi se gotovo uz samu obalu. Najsjeverniji među njima je otok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaindloo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaindloo (stranica ne postoji)">Vaindloo</a>, s površinom od svega oko 6 hektara, a od obale su nešto dalja još i otoci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keri_(otok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keri (otok) (stranica ne postoji)">Keri</a> (površine 3 ha) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uhtju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uhtju (stranica ne postoji)">Uhtju</a> (10 ha). Najveći otoci u ovom dijelu estonskog akvatorija su su <a href="/wiki/Naissaar" title="Naissaar">Naissaar</a> (18.6 km²), severno od <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>, te arhipelag <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakri_(arhipelag)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakri (arhipelag) (stranica ne postoji)">Pakri</a>, koji čine dva otoka ukupne površine 24.7 km² (Suur-Pakri s 11.6 km² i Väike-Pakri s 12.9 km²). Veći otoci u zaljevu još su i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prangli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prangli (stranica ne postoji)">Prangli</a> (6.44 km²), <a href="/wiki/Osmussaar" title="Osmussaar">Osmussaar</a> (4.69 km²) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aegna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aegna (stranica ne postoji)">Aegna</a> (2.9 km²). Osmussaar ujedno predstavlja i najzapadniju točku Finskog zaljeva.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Najveći jezerski otok je otok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piirissaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piirissaar (stranica ne postoji)">Piirissaar</a> (površine 7.85 km²), koji se nalazi u južnom dijelu <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cudsko_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čudsko jezero (stranica ne postoji)">jezera Peipus</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:SorvePanorama070511.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SorvePanorama070511.jpg/1000px-SorvePanorama070511.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SorvePanorama070511.jpg/1500px-SorvePanorama070511.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SorvePanorama070511.jpg/2000px-SorvePanorama070511.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11908" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Panoramski pogled na <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B5rve_(poluotok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sõrve (poluotok) (stranica ne postoji)">poluotok Sõrve</a>, jugozapadni dio <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saareme</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrografija">Hidrografija</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Hidrografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hidrografija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg/220px-Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg/330px-Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg/440px-Narva_Waterfall-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narvski_vodopad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narvski vodopad (stranica ne postoji)">Vodopad</a> na rijeci <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rijeka)" title="Narva (rijeka)">Narvi</a> u Estoniji.</figcaption></figure> Jedna od osnovnih odlika Estonije je veoma raznovrsna hidrografska mreža na čiji su nastanak djelovali klimatski faktori i reljef. Ukupna godišnja količina padalina je znatno viša od postotka gubljenja vode uslijed isparavanja, a ostatak vode (200−300 mm godišnje) s kopna prema oceanu otječe putem brojnih manjih vodotoka. Cijeli teritorij Estonije odvodnjava se prema baltičkom bazenu preko 4 <a href="/wiki/Sliv" title="Sliv">slivna</a> područja:<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slijev" class="mw-redirect" title="Slijev">slijev</a> jezera <a href="/wiki/Peipsi_(jezero)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peipsi (jezero)">Peipsi</a> i rijeke <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rijeka)" title="Narva (rijeka)">Narve</a> (38%);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slijev" class="mw-redirect" title="Slijev">slijev</a> <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finskog zaljeva</a> (uz izuzetak rijeke <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rijeka)" title="Narva (rijeka)">Narve</a>; 21%);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slijev" class="mw-redirect" title="Slijev">slijev</a> <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riškog zaljeva</a> (32%) i;</li> <li>bazen Zapadnoestonskih otoka (9% teritorija).</li></ul> Najvažnije <a href="/wiki/Vododjelnica" title="Vododjelnica">razvodnice</a> u zemlji su pobrđa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandivere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandivere (stranica ne postoji)">Pandivere</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakala (stranica ne postoji)">Sakala</a> s kojih rijeke teku u sva tri pravca. Teritorijom Estonije teku brojne rijeke, a zajednička odlika svih njih je dosta kratak tok i niska razina vode (osim u proljeće, kada se topi snijeg i tokom vlažnijih ljeta, kada su poplave redovna pojava). Svega 10 rijeka ima dužinu toka iznad 100 km, a većina njih teče u smjeru jezera Peipsi. Rijeka sa najdužim tokom u Estoniji je <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5handu" title="Võhandu">Võhandu</a> (pritok jezera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toplo_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toplo jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Lämmijärv</a>) s tokom od 162 km.<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> Rijeka s najvećim protokom u Estoniji je <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rijeka)" title="Narva (rijeka)">Narva</a> (dužina toka je 77 km), čiji prosječan protok u zoni ušća iznosi 370 m³/s.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Narva je jedini pritok jezera Peipsi. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg/220px-J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg/330px-J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg/440px-J%C3%B5esuu_vaatetorn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>Promatračnica Jõesuu na jezeru <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a> u zimsko doba.</figcaption></figure> Rijeka <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a> povezuje dva najveća estonska jezera, Peipsi i <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a>, a ujedno je jedina estonska rijeka koja je plovna cijelom dužinom svog toka (od 101 km). Najduža rijeka u centralnom i zapadnom dijlu zemlje, i druga po dužini toka, je <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> s tokom od 144 km. Rijeke <a href="/wiki/Ahja" title="Ahja">Ahja</a> i <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5handu" title="Võhandu">Võhandu</a>, koje teku južnim dijelom zemlje, poznate su po svojim dubokim i pitoresknim kanjonima omeđenim devonskim <a href="/wiki/Pje%C5%A1%C4%8Dar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pješčar">pješčarima</a>. Voda iz rijeka nerijetko se koristi za opskrbljivanje velikih gradova pitkom vodom, a tipičan primjer takvog oblika vodoprivrede je reka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirita (stranica ne postoji)">Pirita</a> (105 km), čije su vode preusmerene u jezero <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clemiste_(jezero)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülemiste (jezero) (stranica ne postoji)">Ülemiste</a> (površine 9,436 km²), iz kog se glavni grad <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> opskrbljava vodom. Po dužini toka još se izdvajaju rijeke <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5ltsamaa" title="Põltsamaa">Põltsamaa</a> (135 km), <a href="/wiki/Pedja_(rijeka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedja (rijeka)">Pedja</a> (122 km), <a href="/wiki/Keila_(rijeka)" title="Keila (rijeka)">Keila</a> (116 km), <a href="/wiki/Kasari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasari">Kasari</a> (112 km), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piusa (stranica ne postoji)">Piusa</a> (109 km) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navesti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navesti (stranica ne postoji)">Navesti</a> (100 km).<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> Na teritoriju Estonije nalazi se oko 1,200 prirodnih jezera čija površina je veća od jednog hektra. Unutrašnje vode zauzimaju oko 2,840 km².<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> Jezera pokrivaju oko 4.7% državnog teritorija Estonije, i neravnomjerno su raspoređena po njenom teritoriju. Najveći dio jezerskih bazena formiran je kao posljedica topljenja kontinentalnog leda u posljednjem postglacijalnom periodu. Većina jezera nalazi se u pobrđima na jugu i jugoistoku zemlje, u nizini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutaguse_(nizina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alutaguse (nizina) (stranica ne postoji)">Alutaguse</a>, te u rezervatu prirode <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B5hja-K%C3%B5rvemaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Põhja-Kõrvemaa (stranica ne postoji)">Põhja-Kõrvemaa</a> na sjeveru zemlje. Na zapadnim otocima nalaze se brojna manja priobalna jezera koja su nastala uslijed izdizanja kopna, a najveće među njima je jezero <a href="/wiki/Mullutu-Suurlaht" title="Mullutu-Suurlaht">Mullutu-Suurlaht</a> u južnom dijelu <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saareme</a> (površina mu varira od 14.4 km² do 30 km²). Zanimljivo je da je voda kod većine otočkih jezera slana. Mnogobrojna manja jezera nalaze se u <a href="/wiki/Treseti%C5%A1te" title="Tresetište">tresetištima</a> na zapadu zemlje, a takvih vodenih bazena ima preko 20,000, ali su toliko malih površina da se i ne smatraju jezerima. Svega 42 jezera imaju površinu veću od 1 km², dok samo 20 jezera ima dubinu veću od 20 m. Najdublje je jezero <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B5uge_Suurj%C3%A4rv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rõuge Suurjärv (stranica ne postoji)">Rõuge Suurjärv</a> s dubinom od 38 m.<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> Najveća jezerska površina u Estoniji nalazi se na zapadu zemlje, a riječ je o <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cudsko-pskovsko_jezero" title="Čudsko-pskovsko jezero">Čudsko-pskovskom jezerskom sistemu</a> s ukupnom površinom od 3,555 km², od čega Estoniji pripada 1,570 km² ili 44% akvatorija. Ovaj jezerski sistem čine tri međusobno povezana jezera — <a href="/wiki/Peipsi_(jezero)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peipsi (jezero)">Peipsi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cudsko_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čudsko jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Čudsko jezero</a>) je na skeveru (2,610 km²), <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4mmij%C3%A4rv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lämmijärv (stranica ne postoji)">Lämmijärv</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Toplo_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toplo jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Toplo jezero</a>) u sredini (235 km²) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pihkva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pihkva (stranica ne postoji)">Pihkva</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pskovsko_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pskovsko jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Pskovsko jezero</a>) na jugu (710 km²). Najveći vodostaj u jezeru je u proljeće, u vrijeme topljenja snijega, i u tom periodu razina vode u jezeru se poveća za više od jednog metra i plavi okolno nisko zemljište, a površina jezera poveća se za dodatnih do 780 km². Najniži vodostaj je u mjesecu oktobru. Jezero je obično pod ledom od kraja novembra pa do kraja marta, a prosječna debljina leda je od 50 do 60 cm.<a href="#cite_note-Нарва-171">[171]</a> Najveće jezero na pobrđu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4_(pobr%C4%91e)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otepää (pobrđe) (stranica ne postoji)">Otepää</a> je jezero <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BChaj%C3%A4rv" title="Pühajärv">Pühajärv</a> s površinom od oko 3 km² i maksimalnom dubinom do 8.5 m (iz jezera otječe rijeka <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ike_Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Väike Emajõgi">Väike Emajõgi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> U centralnom dijelu zemlje nalazi se jezero <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a>, koje s površinom od 270 km² predstavlja drugo po veličini estonsko jezero.<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a> Veća jezera su još i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saadj%C3%A4rv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saadjärv (stranica ne postoji)">Saadjärv</a> (7.08 km²), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagula_(jezero)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vagula (jezero) (stranica ne postoji)">Vagula</a> (5,187 km²), <a href="/wiki/Veisj%C3%A4rv" title="Veisjärv">Veisjärv</a> (4,811 km²) i druga. Na teritoriju Estonije danas postoji oko 150 umjetnih jezera koja su nastala pregrađivanjem riječnih korita ili nalijevanjem prirodnih depresija u zemlji. Najveće umjetno jezero je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narvsko_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narvsko jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Narvsko jezero</a> na rijeci Narvi, koje Estonija dijeli s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijom</a>. Od ukupno 200 km² njegove površine, na tlu Estonije nalazi se 40 km².<a href="#cite_note-Хидрографија-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Нарва-171">[171]</a> Estonija je poznata po brojnim izvorima, a prema službenim podacima registrirano je njih oko pet tisuća (iako su većina njih jako mali i tek povremeno aktivni). Neki od najljepših i vodom najizdašnijih izvora su Rosna Aliku, Esna, Prandi, Varangu i Simuna. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg/1000px-Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg/1500px-Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg/2000px-Emaj%C3%B5gi_on_satellite_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>Karta koja prikazuje tok rijeke <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a>. Lijevo je jezero <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" title="Võrtsjärv">Võrtsjärv</a>, a desno je jezero <a href="/wiki/Peipsi_(jezero)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peipsi (jezero)">Peipsi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klima">uredi kod</a>]</div> U klimatskom pogledu, Estonija je smještena u prijelaznoj zoni između blage morske i oštrije kontinentalne klime, a značajan utjecaj na klimu imaju vlažne zračne mase s <a href="/wiki/Atlantik" title="Atlantik">Atlantika</a> koje u ovo područje prodiru preko <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičkog mora</a>. Prodori hladnih i vlažnih zračnih masa s <a href="/wiki/Arktik" title="Arktik">Arktika</a> su redovna pojava tokom zime i proljetnih mjeseci. Zbog svega toga, Estonija ima nešto više temperature u usporedbi s kontinentalnijim područjima na istoj geografskoj širini. Zbog velike geografske širine, velike su razlike u dužini dana u zimskom i ljetnom periodu. Najduži je dan za vrijeme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljetni_solsticij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljetni solsticij (stranica ne postoji)">ljetnog solsticija</a> i tada je dužina obdanice 18 sati i 40 minuta, dok je najkraća obdanica za vrijeme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimski_solsticij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimski solsticij (stranica ne postoji)">zimskog solsticija</a> i traje svega 6 sati i 2 minute.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Prosječan broj sunčanih sati na godišnjem nivou varira od 1,600 do 1,900, a <a href="/wiki/Insolacija" title="Insolacija">insolacija</a> je nešto viša u priobalnom dijelu i na otocima. Zahvaljujući utjecajima s Baltika, područja uz obalu i otoke tokom zime imaju znatno blažu klimu, dok idući prema unutrašnjosti, klima postaje sve oštrija. Tako su prosječne siječanjke temperature zraka u zapadnom dijelu zemlje od –2º do –4°C, dok su u istom periodu u unutrašnjosti tempertaure kreću od –6º do –7°C. Najhladniji mjesec je veljača.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Na proljeće, kopno se pak mnogo brže zagrijava te je situacija obrnuta i priobalna područja su znatno svježija pa je i kopno za oko 3.5°C toplije. Temperature tokom ljeta približno su jednake u cijeloj zemlji i kreću se u prosjeku između 16.0°C i 17.4°C.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Prosječne temperature zraka na godišnjem nivou kreću se od 4.3°C do 6.5°C. Apsolutna maksimalna temperatura zraka izmerena je <a href="/wiki/11._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="11. kolovoza">11. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> u <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võruu</a> i iznosila je 35.6°C, dok je apsolutno najniža temperatura od –43,5°C izmjerena <a href="/wiki/17._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="17. siječnja">17. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> u <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva" title="Jõgeva">Jõgevi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> <table align="center" class="wikitable collapsible" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background: #F2F2F2; color:#000000; text-align:center; font-size:90%;">Klimatološki medijani za Estoniju </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; color:#000000; font-size:90%"> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2;">Mjesec </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="januar / siječanj">jan-sij</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="februar / veljača">feb-velj</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="mart / ožujak">mar-ožu</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="april / travanj">apr-tra</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="maj / svibanj">maj-svi</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="juni / jun / lipanj">jun-lip</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="juli / jul / srpanj">jul-srp</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="august / avgust / kolovoz">aug-kol</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="septembar / rujan">sep-ruj</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="oktobar / listopad">okt-lis</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="novembar / studeni">nov-stu</abbr> </th> <th style="background:#F2F2F2"><abbr title="decembar / prosinac">dec-pro</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium; background:#F2F2F2;">godina </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Apsolutni maksimum (<a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a>) </th> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10,1 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10,1 </td> <td style="background:#FF8C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18,4 </td> <td style="background:#FF3C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27,6 </td> <td style="background:#FF1400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33,1 </td> <td style="background:#FF2800;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32,4 </td> <td style="background:#FF1400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35,2 </td> <td style="background:#FF1400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35,6 </td> <td style="background:#FF2800;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30,2 </td> <td style="background:#FF6400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">14,3 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12,5 </td> <th style="background:#FF1400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">35,6 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Srednji maksimum (<a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a>) </th> <td style="background:#C8DCF0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−0,9 </td> <td style="background:#C8DCF0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−1,1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2,7 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9,5 </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15,6 </td> <td style="background:#FF8C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19,4 </td> <td style="background:#FF6400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22,4 </td> <td style="background:#FF6400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21,3 </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9,6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4,1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1,0 </td> <th style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">10 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Srednja dnevna (<a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a>) </th> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3,1 </td> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3,8 </td> <td style="background:#C8DCF0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−0,6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4,9 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10,5 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">14,8 </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17,8 </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16,7 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">6,7 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2,1 </td> <td style="background:#C8DCF0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−1,0 </td> <th style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">6,4 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Srednji minimum (<a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a>) </th> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−5,6 </td> <td style="background:#508CFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−6,5 </td> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3,9 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0,9 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5,6 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12,5 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8,6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3,9 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0,0 </td> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3,1 </td> <th style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Apsolutni minimum (<a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a>) </th> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−36,7 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−35,0 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−27,8 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−15,8 </td> <td style="background:#508CFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−6,7 </td> <td style="background:#C8DCF0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−2,5 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0,5 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0,2 </td> <td style="background:#A0C8F0;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−5,2 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−17,0 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−25,9 </td> <td style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−34,6 </td> <th style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">−36,7 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Precipitacija (<a href="/wiki/Milimetar" title="Milimetar">mm</a>) </th> <td style="background:#A0B4FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49 </td> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">39 </td> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35 </td> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34 </td> <td style="background:#A0B4FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42 </td> <td style="background:#6478FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">70 </td> <td style="background:#788CFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">67 </td> <td style="background:#5064FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">81 </td> <td style="background:#8CA0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#6478FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">72 </td> <td style="background:#788CFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">61 </td> <td style="background:#8CA0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">53 </td> <th style="background:#00008C;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">661 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Relativna vlažnost (<a href="/wiki/%25" class="mw-redirect" title="%">%</a>) </th> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">87 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">81 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">74 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">71 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">75 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">77 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">79 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">83 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">86 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89 </td> <th style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">81,7 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#F2F2F2; font-size:90%;">Broj sunčanih sati </th> <td style="background:#333333;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33,1 </td> <td style="background:#666666;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">63,2 </td> <td style="background:#F0E68C;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">141,9 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">202,8 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">284,2 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">275,3 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">290,4 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">243,0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">157,5 </td> <td style="background:#808080;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">85,1 </td> <td style="background:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31,4 </td> <td style="background:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21,0 </td> <th style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium;">18289 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background: #F2F2F2; color:#000000;">Izvor: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/ohutemperatuur/?lang=en">Narch (1991-2020)</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Prosječna brzina vjetrova u unutrašnjim dijelovima zemlje iznosi oko 4 m/s, a na otvorenom moru i u priobalnom dijelu oko 6 m/s. Olujni vjetrovi jačina iznad 15 m/s su rijetki u unutrašnjosti, dok u priobalnim dijelovima zemlje ovakvi vjetrovi pušu od 15 do 30 dana godišnje. Dominiraju zapadni vjetrovi. Estonija se nalazi u zoni dosta vlažne klime te je vlažnost zraka dosta visoka tokom cijele godine i kreće se u vrijednostima od 80 do 83%.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Vlažnost zraka najviša je tokom zimskih meseci, a najniža u svibnju, kada iznosi oko 70%. Prosječna godišnja količina padalina varira od 550 do 800 milimetara, a najviše padalina bude u unutrašnjim dijelovima zemlje, posebno na pobrđima. Apsolutni maksimum količine padalina na godišnjem nivou je 1,157 mm, na mjesečnom nivou 351 mm, a na dnevnom 148 milimetara.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Snježni pokrivač je redovna pojava tokom zimskih mjeseci, i zadržava se od 75 do 135 dana.<a href="#cite_note-Клима-173">[173]</a> Tokom zimskih mjeseci, ledeni pokrivač formira se duž obala, obično krajem listopada i početkom studenog, a otopi se do kraja travnja. Maksimalne temperature morske vode u ljetnim mjesecima kreću se od 16° do 17°C na ulazu u <a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finski zaljev</a>, pa do 18° i 19°C u rubnim dijelovima mora.<a href="#cite_note-Обала-154">[154]</a> Vegetacijski period traje od 180 do 195 dana, dok je period bez mraza između 110 i 190 dana. <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="font-size:88%;line-height:120%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Klimatološki podaci za neke estonske gradove</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartu_EST_climate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu"><img alt="Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tartu_EST_climate.svg/374px-Tartu_EST_climate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tartu_EST_climate.svg/562px-Tartu_EST_climate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tartu_EST_climate.svg/749px-Tartu_EST_climate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="323" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 230px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tallinn-kliima.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tallinn-kliima.svg/374px-Tallinn-kliima.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tallinn-kliima.svg/562px-Tallinn-kliima.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tallinn-kliima.svg/749px-Tallinn-kliima.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="323" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 230px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Narva_EST_climate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narva"><img alt="Narva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narva_EST_climate.svg/374px-Narva_EST_climate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narva_EST_climate.svg/562px-Narva_EST_climate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Narva_EST_climate.svg/749px-Narva_EST_climate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="323" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 230px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vilsandi"><img alt="Vilsandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg/374px-Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg/562px-Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg/749px-Vilsandi_EST_climate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="323" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 230px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vilsandi" title="Vilsandi">Vilsandi</a></div> </div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologija">Ekologija</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Ekologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekologija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg/220px-P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg/330px-P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg/440px-P%C3%A4ikeset%C3%B5us_Paukj%C3%A4rve_vaatetornist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2290" /></a><figcaption>Zima u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezervat_prirode_P%C3%B5hja-K%C3%B5rvemaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezervat prirode Põhja-Kõrvemaa (stranica ne postoji)">rezervatu prirode Põhja-Kõrvemaa</a> pokazuje svu raskoš šumskih površina u Estoniji, istovremeno tvoreći simbolični prikaz <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Estonije" title="Zastava Estonije">estonske trobojnice</a>.</figcaption></figure> Teritorij Estonije nalazi se na samoj granici između istočnoeuropske i srednjoeuropske fitogegografske oblasti, što za posljedicu ima dosta veliko <a href="/wiki/Flora" class="mw-disambig" title="Flora">florističko</a> bogatstvo. Na ovom području živi 538 vrsta i podvrsta vaskularnih biljaka (ili oko 35% od ukupnog broja europskih <a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">taksona</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Флора-174">[174]</a> Od tog broja, u zemlji su registrirana 83 <a href="/wiki/Endem" title="Endem">endemska</a> taksona.<a href="#cite_note-Флора-174">[174]</a> Autohtona flora je znatno obogaćena umjetnim putem, prije svega zahvaljujući ljudskoj aktivnosti. Na tlu Estonije također je registrirano postojanje oko 2,500 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Alge" title="Alge">algi</a> i oko 680 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Li%C5%A1aj" title="Lišaj">lišajeva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mahovina" title="Mahovina">mahovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Флора-174">[174]</a> Estonija se nalazi u sjevernom dijelu zone mješovitih šuma umjerenih područja, a pod šumama je gotovo polovina ukupnog državnog teritorija. Najdominantnije vrste drveća su <a href="/wiki/Hrast_lu%C5%BEnjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrast lužnjak">hrast lužnjak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smreka" class="mw-redirect" title="Smreka">smreka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasen" title="Jasen">jasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brijest" class="mw-redirect" title="Brijest">brijest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breza" class="mw-disambig" title="Breza">breza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasika" title="Jasika">jasika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bor" class="mw-disambig" title="Bor">bor</a>, a u močvarnim područjima <a href="/wiki/Crna_joha" title="Crna joha">crna joha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Brojne livade koje se prostiru širom zemlje uglavnom su posljedica ljudske aktivnosti i razvile su se na krčevinama gdje su nekada rasle guste šume. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Istuv_rebane_(48788735922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg/220px-Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg/330px-Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg/440px-Istuv_rebane_%2848788735922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crvena_lisica" title="Crvena lisica">Europska lisica</a> (V. v. crucigera) čest je sisavac u Estoniji.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Treseti%C5%A1te" title="Tresetište">Tresetišta</a> zauzimaju skoro četvrtinu državnog teritorija i uglavnom su raširena u zapadnom i sjeverozapadnom dijelu te na otocima. Najraširenija su visoka tresetišta u kojima se tokom tisuća godina nataložio dosta debeo sloj <a href="/wiki/Treset" title="Treset">treseta</a>. U ovim močvarama dominantne su mahovine iz roda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphagnales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphagnales (stranica ne postoji)">Sphagnales</a>, koje, zahvaljujući svojim apsorpcijskim sposobnostima, održavaju stabilnu razinu vode u močvarnim predjelima. Pored mahovina, u ovim močvarama rastu i jestive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moro%C5%A1ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moroška (stranica ne postoji)">moroške</a> te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhododendron_tomentosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhododendron tomentosum (stranica ne postoji)">Rhododendron tomentosum</a> i druge patuljaste vrste. U nižim vrstama dominantnije su trave i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0a%C5%A1" title="Šaš">šaš</a>. Močvarna područja postepeno prelaze u borove šume.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Najbrojnija zajednica na tlu Estonije su <a href="/wiki/Gljive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gljive">gljive</a>, kojih ukupno ima registrirano oko 4,500 različitih vrsta, od čega se oko 60 vrsta smatra jestivim.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Životinjsko carstvo čine 64 vrste <a href="/wiki/Sisavci" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisavci">sisavaca</a>, 329 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Ptice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptice">ptica</a>, 65 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Ribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribe">riba</a>, 11 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Vodozemci" title="Vodozemci">vodozemaca</a>, 5 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Gmazovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gmazovi">reptila</a> i oko 15,000 vrsta <a href="/wiki/Kukci" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukci">kukaca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Фауна-178">[178]</a> Među kopnenim sisavcima svojom brojnošću izdvajaju se <a href="/wiki/Sme%C4%91i_medvjed" class="mw-redirect" title="Smeđi medvjed">smeđi medvjedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vuk" title="Vuk">vukovi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ris">risovi</a>, a nekada jako raširena i brojna <a href="/wiki/Europska_vidra" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska vidra">europska vidra</a> vjerovatno je izumrla na ovom prostoru.<a href="#cite_note-Фауна-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bizamski_%C5%A1takor" title="Bizamski štakor">Bizamski štakor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rakun" title="Rakun">rakun</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_vidrica" title="Američka vidrica">američka vidrica</a> umjetnim su putem naseljeni na ovo područje. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Grey_Seal,_Estonia_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg/220px-Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg/330px-Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg/440px-Grey_Seal%2C_Estonia_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Estonska je fauna toliko raznolika da u zemlji živi i baltička podvrsta <a href="/wiki/Sivi_tuljan" title="Sivi tuljan">sivog tuljana</a> (Halichoerus grypus grypus).</figcaption></figure> Od ukupno 329 vrsta ptica njih 206 je stalno nastanjeno na tom području, dok 38 vrsta čine arktičke <a href="/wiki/Ptice_selice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptice selice">ptice selice</a>. U posljednje vrijeme primjetan je veliki rast populacije <a href="/wiki/Galeb" title="Galeb">galebova</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kormoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kormoran">kormorana</a>, dok se populacija <a href="/wiki/Divlja_patka" title="Divlja patka">divljih pataka</a> i drugih ptica močvarica značajno smanjuje. U šumama najviše ima <a href="/wiki/Zeba" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zeba">zeba</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cari%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carić (stranica ne postoji)">carića</a>. Ihtiofaunu čini 65 vrsta, a zbog dosta niske stope <a href="/wiki/Salinitet" title="Salinitet">saliniteta</a> priobalnih područja Baltičkog mora ne postoji neka drastična razlika između morskih i slatkovodnih vrsta. Najtipičniji predstavnici marinske ihtiofaune su baltičke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haringa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haringa (stranica ne postoji)">haringe</a>. Postoje dvije podvrste riba u jezeru Peipsi koje se smatraju endemskim vrstama, a riječ je o <a href="/wiki/Zrakoperke" title="Zrakoperke">zrakoperkama</a> vrste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coregonus_lavaretus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coregonus lavaretus (stranica ne postoji)">Coregonus lavaretus</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmerus_eperlanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmerus eperlanus (stranica ne postoji)">Osmerus eperlanus</a>. Od slatkovodnih riba, nekada najraširenije vrste poput <a href="/wiki/Som" title="Som">somova</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolen (stranica ne postoji)">bolena</a> danas su na rubu izumiranja, a i populacija <a href="/wiki/Losos" class="mw-redirect" title="Losos">lososa</a> također je dostigla kritičnu razinu.<a href="#cite_note-Фауна-178">[178]</a> Na tlu Estonije obitavaju i dvije vrste <a href="/wiki/Zmija" title="Zmija">zmija</a>, i to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poskok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poskok (stranica ne postoji)">poskoci</a> i vodene zmije. Kao najveći zagađivači zraka u Estoniji smatraju se dvije termoelektrane u <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narvi</a>, koje kao pogonsko gorivo koriste <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">naftu</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Uljni_%C5%A1kriljac" title="Uljni škriljac">uljnih škriljaca</a>, čijim se sagorijevanjem stvara i do 4.5 milijuna tona jako alkalnog pepela (na godišnjem nivou).<a href="#cite_note-ebrd-179">[179]</a> Ove elektrane sudjeluju u ukupnom zagađenju zraka u zemlji sa čak 75%. Eksploatacija i prerada uljnih škriljaca ima veoma negativan utjecaj na životnu sredinu, posebno u područjima na sjeveroistoku zemlje. Dosadašnja eksploatacija dovela je do stvaranja oko 370 milijuna tona čvrstog rudarskog otpada, od čega oko 200 milijuna tona čini pepeo, dok ostatak čine nusprodukti rudarstva.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Europska_unija" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska unija">Europska unija</a> klasificira otpad nastao preradom uljnih škriljaca kao visoko toksičan i opasan.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Veliku ekološku opasnost predstavlja i oko 1,200 tona osiromašenog <a href="/wiki/Uranij" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranij">uranija</a> i oko 750 tona <a href="/wiki/Torij" class="mw-redirect" title="Torij">torija</a> nagomilanog u rezervoaru na mjestu nekadašnjeg kombinata za obogaćivanje uranija, nedaleko od grada <a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäea</a>. Veliki problem je i istrošeno nuklearno gorivo iz nekadašnjih sovjetskih nuklearnih reaktora kod naselja <a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaštićena_područja">Zaštićena područja</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odjeljak Zaštićena područja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zaštićena područja">uredi kod</a>]</div> Status zaštićenih prirodnih područja u Estoniji pravno je reguliran Zakonom o zaštiti prirode (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Looduskaitseseadus), koji je službeno usvojen u <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">nacionalnom parlamentu</a> <a href="/wiki/21._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="21. travnja">21. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a> godine, a stupio na snagu <a href="/wiki/10._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="10. svibnja">10. svibnja</a> iste godine.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Ovisno o značaju određenog područja, zaštićena područja klasificiraju se u tri glavne kategorije (postoji još nekoliko manjih kategorija za niže stupnjeve zaštite): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park" title="Nacionalni park">nacionalni parkovi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: rahvuspark; ima ih ukupno 6);<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prirodni_rezervat" title="Prirodni rezervat">prirodni rezervati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: looduskaitseala; ima ih ukupno 167) i;<a href="#cite_note-estregistry-185">[185]</a></li> <li>parkovi prirode (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: maastikukaitseala; ukupno 152 lokaliteta).</li></ul> Ukupno je pod zaštitom države čak 15,403 lokaliteta, odnosno 21.21% ukupne kopnene površine te 18.78% obalne i priobalne površine.<a href="#cite_note-protected-186">[186]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_parkovi_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni parkovi Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalni parkovi Estonije</a> nalaze se pod strogom zaštitom države i u njima je zabranjena svaka aktivnost koja može dovesti do promjene prirodne ravnoteže. Spisak nacionalnih parkova nalazi se u tablici ispod: <table class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Nacionalni park </th> <th scope="col">Okrug </th> <th scope="col">Osnovan </th> <th scope="col">Koordinate </th> <th scope="col">Površina </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG/200px-Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG/300px-Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG/400px-Puhatu_looduskaitseala_Liguski_sihtkaitsev%C3%B6%C3%B6nd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_park_Alutaguse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni park Alutaguse (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalni park Alutaguse</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_06_N_27_19_E_">59°06′N 27°19′E / 59.100°N 27.317°E / 59.100; 27.317</a> </td> <td align="center">443.31 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg/200px-%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg/300px-%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg/400px-%C3%84hij%C3%A4rv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Karula" title="Nacionalni park Karula">Nacionalni park Karula</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">Võru</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=57_42_52_N_26_29_12_E_">57°42′52″N 26°29′12″E / 57.71444°N 26.48667°E / 57.71444; 26.48667</a> </td> <td align="center">123.64 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg/200px-M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg/300px-M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg/400px-M%C3%A4hu_kivid_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3803" data-file-height="2536" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Lahemaa" title="Nacionalni park Lahemaa">Nacionalni park Lahemaa</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1971." class="mw-redirect" title="1971.">1971.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=59_34_16_N_25_48_1_E_">59°34′16″N 25°48′1″E / 59.57111°N 25.80028°E / 59.57111; 25.80028</a> </td> <td align="center">747.84 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg/200px-Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg/300px-Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg/400px-Valgep%C3%B5sk-lagled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="2129" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Matsalu" title="Nacionalni park Matsalu">Nacionalni park Matsalu</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne (okrug)">Lääne</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1957." class="mw-redirect" title="1957.">1957.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=58_45_36_N_23_35_49_E_">58°45′36″N 23°35′49″E / 58.76000°N 23.59694°E / 58.76000; 23.59694</a> </td> <td align="center">488.6 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Riisa_raba.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Riisa_raba.JPG/200px-Riisa_raba.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Riisa_raba.JPG/300px-Riisa_raba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Riisa_raba.JPG/400px-Riisa_raba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Soomaa" title="Nacionalni park Soomaa">Nacionalni park Soomaa</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_(okrug)" title="Viljandi (okrug)">Viljandi</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=58_26_27_N_25_6_20_E_">58°26′27″N 25°6′20″E / 58.44083°N 25.10556°E / 58.44083; 25.10556</a> </td> <td align="center">398.44 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg/200px-Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg/300px-Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg/400px-Vilsandi_rannik_ja_tuletorn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1666" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Vilsandi" title="Nacionalni park Vilsandi">Nacionalni park Vilsandi</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saare</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556895"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estonija&params=58_22_43_N_21_52_38_E_">58°22′43″N 21°52′38″E / 58.37861°N 21.87722°E / 58.37861; 21.87722</a> </td> <td align="center">238.82 km² </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odjeljak Politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Politika">uredi kod</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41377543/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg/124px-Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg/186px-Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg/248px-Alar_Karis_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1696" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a> <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">Predsjednik Estonije</a> od 2021.</div></div></div></div></div> Prema <a href="/wiki/Ustav_Estonije" title="Ustav Estonije">Ustavu</a>, Republika Estonija je <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1estrana%C4%8Dki_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Višestranački sustav">višestranačka</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarizam">parlamentarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Predstavni%C4%8Dka_demokracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Predstavnička demokracija">predstavnička demokracija</a> kojom upravlja narod preko svojih izabranih predstavnika.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Politički život u zemlji zasnovan je na ideji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trodioba_vlasti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trodioba vlasti (stranica ne postoji)">trodiobe vlasti</a>. Na čelu države nalazi se <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">predsjednik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">nacionalni parlament</a> glavni je zakonodavni, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlada_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlada Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">nacionalna vlada</a> izvršni organ vlasti u zemlji. Sukladno <a href="/wiki/Manifest_narod%C4%81_Estonije" title="Manifest narodā Estonije">Deklaraciji o nezavisnosti</a> objavljenoj <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine, Estonija je proglašena parlamentarnom <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republikom</a> koju je politički i pravno gledano formirala Estonska konstitutivna skupština. Prvi Ustav (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Põhiseadus), kao najviši pravni akt zemlje, usvojen je <a href="/wiki/15._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="15. lipnja">15. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> godine, a na snagu je stupio <a href="/wiki/21._prosinca" class="mw-redirect" title="21. prosinca">21. prosinca</a> iste godine. Posljednji i aktualni, četvrti po redu Ustav usvojen je na referendumu održanom <a href="/wiki/28._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="28. lipnja">28. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Republika Estonija ima visoko razvijenu elektronsku državnu upravu (<a href="/wiki/Engleski" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleski">engleski</a>: e-government), koja znatno olakšava komunikaciju građana s organima izvršne vlasti. Građanima je omogućeno da na izborima glasaju putem interneta, a ovakav vid glasanja prvi put je omogućen na lokalnim izborima održanim <a href="/wiki/2005." class="mw-redirect" title="2005.">2005.</a> godine, a potom dvije godine kasnije i na parlamentarnim izborima, kada je na ovaj način glasalo 30,275 birača.<a href="#cite_note-news.cnet.com-190">[190]</a> Ustavom se svim građanima Estonije garantiraju osnovna <a href="/wiki/Ljudska_prava" title="Ljudska prava">ljudska prava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medijske_slobode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medijske slobode (stranica ne postoji)">slobode medija</a> i ekonomske slobode. Prema istraživanjima nevladine organizacije sa sjedištem u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Parizu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporteri_bez_granica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporteri bez granica (stranica ne postoji)">Reporteri bez granica</a>, Estonija je <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a> godine po razini slobode tiska i govora svrstana na visoko petnaesto mjesto u konkurenciji 180 država svijeta.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Najviši sudski organ u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrhovni_sud_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrhovni sud Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Vrhovni sud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Riigikohus) kog čini 17 sudaca, a predsjednika Vrhovnog suda bira parlament na prijedlog predsjednika, na mandat od 9 godina. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nacionalni_simboli">Nacionalni simboli</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odjeljak Nacionalni simboli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nacionalni simboli">uredi kod</a>]</div> Pored tri službena državna simbola (<a href="/wiki/Zastava" title="Zastava">zastava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grb" title="Grb">grb</a> i <a href="/wiki/Himna" class="mw-redirect" title="Himna">himna</a>), Estonija ima još četiri službena nacionalna simbola. To su nacionalni cvijet, ptica, kamen i riba. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nacionalna_zastava">Nacionalna zastava</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odjeljak Nacionalna zastava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nacionalna zastava">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Estonije" title="Zastava Estonije">Zastava Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eesti_lipp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Eesti_lipp.jpg/220px-Eesti_lipp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Eesti_lipp.jpg/330px-Eesti_lipp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Eesti_lipp.jpg/440px-Eesti_lipp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Umjetnička interpretacija estonske trobojnice na fotografiji estonskog pejsaža.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Republike_Estonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Zastava Republike Estonije">Zastava Republike Estonije</a> četverokutna je trobojnica (plavo-crno-bijela), dimenzija 105×165 cm i službeno je usvojena <a href="/wiki/21._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="21. studenog">21. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-Riigigantselei-lipp-192">[192]</a> Prvi put je službeno upotrebljena <a href="/wiki/4._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="4. lipnja">4. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1884." class="mw-redirect" title="1884.">1884.</a> u <a href="/wiki/Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Otepää">Otepi</a> kao zastava estonske studentske organizacije. Zakon o nacionalnoj zastavi usvojen je u nacionalnom parlamentu <a href="/wiki/27._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="27. lipnja">27. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1922." class="mw-redirect" title="1922.">1922.</a> godine. Na estonskom jeziku zastava se kolokvijalno naziva sinimustvalge, odnosno plavo-crno-bela trobojnicaa. Simbolike boja na zastavi su sljedeće: <ul><li>plava boja predstavlja estonsko nebo, more i jezera; boja vjere i odanosti domovini;</li> <li>crna boja predstavlja sjećanje na tragičnu historiju estonskog naroda;</li> <li>bijela boja predstavlja težnju ka boljoj i svjetlijoj budućnosti.</li></ul> Tokom perioda sovjetske vlasti estonska tradicionalna trobojnica zamijenjena je <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Estonske_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Zastava Estonske SSR">zastavom Estonske SSR</a>, a ponovno je ušla u uporabu zajedno s obnovom državne nezavisnosti Estonije. Postojalo je nekoliko prijedloga da se tradicionalna trobojnica zamijeni varijantom s <a href="/wiki/Nordijski_kri%C5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordijski križ">nordijskim križem</a> kao simbolom nordijske pripadnosti zemlje, ali nijedan od spomenutih prijedloga nije usvojen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grb_Estonije">Grb Estonije</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odjeljak Grb Estonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Grb Estonije">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Grb_Estonije" title="Grb Estonije">Grb Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Grb_Estonije" title="Grb Estonije">Grb Estonije</a> službeni je heraldički simbol Republike Estonije. Grb, u svom sadašnjem obliku, zlatni je štit s tri vitka, plava <a href="/wiki/Lav" title="Lav">lava</a> u prolazu (heraldičkim rječnikom passant guardant) u sredini i s <a href="/wiki/Hrast" title="Hrast">hrastovim</a> grančicama sa strane štita. Motiv s tri lava preuzet je s <a href="/wiki/Grb_Danske" title="Grb Danske">grba Danske</a>. Grb Estonije postojao je mnogo ranije prije službenog priznavanja poslije <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">Estonskog rata za nezavisnost</a> (<a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a>), kada je Republika Estonija međunarodno priznata. Državna skupština Estonije službeno je usvojila grb <a href="/wiki/19._lipnja" class="mw-redirect" title="19. lipnja">19. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1925." class="mw-redirect" title="1925.">1925.</a> godine. Međutim, grb je službeno zabranjen poslije pripajanja Estonije <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskom Savezu</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> godine, a upotreba bilo kakvih ranijih simbola Estonije smatrana je kaznenim djelom. Grb je vraćen zakonom od <a href="/wiki/6._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="6. travnja">6. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> godine, poslije obnove samostalnosti zemlje. Heraldički plavi lavovi predstavljaju jedan od najstarijih estonskih državnih simbola, i još od <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a> koristili su se kao osnova za grb grada <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Himna_Estonije">Himna Estonije</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odjeljak Himna Estonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Himna Estonije">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a></div></dd></dl> Službena <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_himna" title="Državna himna">državna himna</a> Estonije je kompozicija "<a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: "Moja domovina, moja sreća i radost"). Glazbu je <a href="/wiki/1848." class="mw-redirect" title="1848.">1848.</a> komponirao <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">finski</a> kompozitor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrik_Pacius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrik Pacius (stranica ne postoji)">Fredrik Pacius</a>, dok je tekst nešto kasnije napisao estonski pjesnik <a href="/wiki/Johann_Voldemar_Jannsen" title="Johann Voldemar Jannsen">Johann Voldemar Jannsen</a>. Himna Estonije s tekstom prvi je put službeno izvedena na prvom festivalu estonske zborske muzike <a href="/wiki/1869." class="mw-redirect" title="1869.">1869.</a> godine. Kao himna Estonije, službeno je usvojena <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> godine nakon rata za nezavisnost. Zanimljivo je da je identična kompozicija, ali s drugačijim tekstom, ujedno i službena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maamme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maamme (stranica ne postoji)">himna Finske</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ostali_nacionalni_simboli">Ostali nacionalni simboli</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi odjeljak Ostali nacionalni simboli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostali nacionalni simboli">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bachelor%27s_button,_Basket_flower,_Boutonniere_flower,_Cornflower_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg/220px-Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg/330px-Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg/440px-Bachelor%27s_button%2C_Basket_flower%2C_Boutonniere_flower%2C_Cornflower_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2533" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plavi_razli%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plavi različak (stranica ne postoji)">Plavi različak</a> (Centaurea cyanus) je nacionalni cvijet Republike Estonije i važan dio nacionalnog folklora.</figcaption></figure> Kampanju za izbor nacionalnog <a href="/wiki/Cvijet" title="Cvijet">cvijeta</a> započelo je tokom <a href="/wiki/1967." class="mw-redirect" title="1967.">1967.</a> godine Estonsko društvo za zaštitu prirode, a kao službeni nacionalni cvet izabran je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plavi_razli%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plavi različak (stranica ne postoji)">plavi različak</a> (Centaurea cyanus), cvijet koji je stoljećima bio značajan dio nacionalne kulture i nacionalnog folklora. Stilizirani cvijet plavog različka danas se nalazi na logotipu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konzervativna_narodna_stranka_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konzervativna narodna stranka Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Konzervativne narodne stranke Estonije</a>. Nacionalna ptica je u Estoniji široko rasprostranjena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seoska_lasta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seoska lasta (stranica ne postoji)">seoska lasta</a> (Hirundo rustica), specifična po svojoj plavo-bijelo-crnoj boji. Kao nacionalni kamen izabran je sivi <a href="/wiki/Vapnenac" title="Vapnenac">vapnenac</a>, sedimentna stijena od koje su napravljene brojne kamene građevine širom zemlje. Nacionalna riba je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantska_haringa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantska haringa (stranica ne postoji)">atlantska (baltička) haringa</a> (Clupea harengus), koja je kroz historiju predstavljala važan izvor prihoda i hrane za estonsko stanovništvo. U predkršćanskom periodu <a href="/wiki/Hrast" title="Hrast">hrast</a> je smatran svetim drvetom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trodioba_vlasti">Trodioba vlasti</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Uredi odjeljak Trodioba vlasti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=25" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Trodioba vlasti">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Državna_skupština_(Riigikogu)">Državna skupština (Riigikogu)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Uredi odjeljak Državna skupština (Riigikogu)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=26" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Državna skupština (Riigikogu)">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/220px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/330px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/440px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Vijećnica Riigikogua u <a href="/wiki/Dvorac_Toompea" title="Dvorac Toompea">dvorcu Toompea</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Estonski <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlament</a> naziva se <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Državna skupština) i najviše je zakonodavno tijelo u zemlji. Parlament je jednodomni, sastoji se od 101 člana i njegov sastav bira se direktno na izborima po proporcionalnom izbornom sistemu, na četvorogodišnji mandat. Pravo glasa na izborima imaju svi punoljetni građani koji su državljani Estonije, a cenzus za ulazak u parlament za političke stranke je 5% od ukupnih glasova. Parlament nije zasijedao u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> godine, poznatom i kao "<a href="/wiki/Doba_%C5%A1utnje" title="Doba šutnje">Doba šutnje</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: vaikiv ajastu), nakon što je tadašnji državni poglavar <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a> zabranio djelovanje političkih stranaka i vladao autoritarno. Nakon što je <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> godine usvojen novi ustav, nacionalni parlament je ponovo sazvan, ovaj put kao dvodomno zakonodavno tijelo s donjim (Riigivolikogu) i gornjim domom (Riiginõukogu). Nakon sovjetske okupacije i osnivanja Estonske SSR, funkciju nacionalnog parlamenta obavljao je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrhovni_sovjet_Estonske_SSR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrhovni sovjet Estonske SSR (stranica ne postoji)">Vrhovni sovjet Estonske SSR</a> (od <a href="/wiki/25._kolovoza" class="mw-redirect" title="25. kolovoza">25. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> do <a href="/wiki/8._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="8. svibnja">8. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> godine), a potom, nakon raspada Sovjetskog Saveza, i Vrhovno vijeće Republike Estonije (od <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> do <a href="/wiki/5._listopada" class="mw-redirect" title="5. listopada">5. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a>) kao prijelazni zakonodavni organ. Rad Riigikogua ponovo je obnovljen <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Sve sjednice parlamenta održavaju se u <a href="/wiki/Dvorac_Toompea" title="Dvorac Toompea">dvorcu Toompea</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>. U parlamentu se usvajaju svi zakonski akti, usvaja se proračun, ratificiraju se i otkazuju međunarodni ugovori te se odlučuje o državnim kreditima. U parlamentu se biraju i <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">predsjednik države</a>, predsjednik Ustavnog suda, guverner Narodne banke, državni revizor i zapovjednik oružanih snaga. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vlada_Estonije">Vlada Estonije</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Uredi odjeljak Vlada Estonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=27" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vlada Estonije">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlada_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlada Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Vlada Estonije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">Premijer Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> Vlada Estonije (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Vabariigi Valitsus) predstavlja najvažniji izvršni organ vlasti u zemlji. Mandatara za sastav nove vlade predlaže predsjednik države, nakon čega mandatar sastavlja svoj kabinet, a izbor vlade potvrđuje se u nacionalnom parlamentu. Kabinet čini 12 ministarstava, a Vlada se bira na period od 4 godine. Svaki kabinet može imati maksimalno i 3 ministarstva bez portfelja, koja imenuje <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">predsjednik vlade</a> osobno, a maksimalan broj ministarstava u kabinetu je 15. U periodu od <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2017." class="mw-redirect" title="2017.">2017.</a> godine, Estonija je imala ukupno 49 vlada (računajući i <a href="/wiki/Estonska_vlada_u_egzilu" title="Estonska vlada u egzilu">vlade u egzilu</a> u periodu sovjetske okupacije). Sjedište Vlade nalazi se u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C4%87a_Stenbock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuća Stenbock (stranica ne postoji)">kući Stenbock</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toompea (stranica ne postoji)">Toompei</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>. Vlada je zadužena za provođenje zakona koji se usvajaju u parlamentu, usmejrava i usklađuje rad državnih institucija i provodi unutrašnju i vanjsku državnu politiku. Svaki od 15 estonskih okruga ima svoju lokalnu vladu. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Predsjednik_Republike_Estonije">Predsjednik Republike Estonije</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Uredi odjeljak Predsjednik Republike Estonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=28" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Predsjednik Republike Estonije">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">Predsjednik Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn,_Estonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg/220px-Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg/330px-Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg/440px-Presidential_Palace_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predsjedni%C4%8Dka_pala%C4%8Da_u_Tallinnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predsjednička palača u Tallinnu (stranica ne postoji)">Predsjednička palača u Tallinnu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Predsjednik_Estonije" title="Predsjednik Estonije">Predsjednik Estonije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Vabariigi President) službeno je šef države, iako je sama funkcija uglavnom ceremonijalna. Bira se glasanjem u nacionalnom parlamentu, a kandidat službeno postaje predsjednik kada dobije više od dvije trećine glasova u parlamentu. Ukoliko i nakon tri kruga glasanja kandidat ne dobije odgovarajući broj glasova u parlamentu, formira se posebna izborna komisija koju, pored članova parlamenta, čine i predstavnici svih lokalnih organa vlasti (minimum po jedan predstavnik svake općine). Mandat predsjednika traje pet godina, a ukupni broj mandata nije ograničen, s tim da jedna osoba može povezati samo dva mandata u kontinuitetu. Predsjednik za trajana mandata ne smije biti član ni jedne političke stranke, a također mora zamrznuti sve ostale političke i gospodarske aktivnosti. Funkcija predsjednika države službeno je uvedena 1938. godine, a prvi predsjednik Estonije bio je <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a>. Prije toga, u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> godine, na čelu države nalazio se tzv. "Državni starješina" (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: <a href="/wiki/Riigivanem" class="mw-redirect" title="Riigivanem">Riigivanem</a>), koji je kombinirao funkcije koje imaju današnji predsednik i <a href="/wiki/Premijer_Estonije" title="Premijer Estonije">premijer</a>. U tom periodu, na čelu Estonije bilo je ukupno 16 šefova države, a Päts je biran na tu funkciju čak pet puta. Ustav iz <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> godine razdvojio je funkciju šefa države od funkcije predsjednika vlade, ali nije stupio na snagu pošto je Päts iste godine izvršio državni udar i raspustio parlament. <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetske vlasti</a> su u srpnju <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> deportirale Pätsa u grad <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibiru</a>. Nakon toga, u skladu s važećim Ustavom, funkciju predsjednika preuzeo je prosovjetski premijer <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vares" title="Johannes Vares">Johannes Vares</a>, koji je potom potpisao službeni dokument o aneksiji Estonije od strane Sovjetskog Saveza. U periodu pod sovjetskom vlašću (<a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> − <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a>), sjedište predsjednika Estonije nalazilo se u egzilu u <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholmu</a>. Za prvog predsjednika Druge Republike izabran je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lennart Meri (stranica ne postoji)">Lennart Meri</a>, koji je na vlasti bio od listopada <a href="/w/index.php?title=1992..&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992.. (stranica ne postoji)">1992..</a> do listopada <a href="/wiki/2001." class="mw-redirect" title="2001.">2001.</a> godine. Nakon njega, funkciju predsjednika države obavljali su još i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Rüütel (stranica ne postoji)">Arnold Rüütel</a> (<a href="/wiki/2001." class="mw-redirect" title="2001.">2001.</a> − <a href="/wiki/2006." class="mw-redirect" title="2006.">2006.</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toomas_Hendrik_Ilves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toomas Hendrik Ilves (stranica ne postoji)">Toomas Hendrik Ilves</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006." class="mw-redirect" title="2006.">2006.</a> − <a href="/wiki/2016." class="mw-redirect" title="2016.">2016.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kersti_Kaljulaid" title="Kersti Kaljulaid">Kersti Kaljulaid</a> kao prva žena na mjestu predsjednika države (<a href="/wiki/2016." class="mw-redirect" title="2016.">2016.</a> − <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a>),<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> te, od <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a> godine, <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Međunarodni_odnosi">Međunarodni odnosi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Uredi odjeljak Međunarodni odnosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=29" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Međunarodni odnosi">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg/220px-Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg/330px-Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg/440px-Eesti_suursaatkond_T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Ds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5581" data-file-height="3721" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ambasada" title="Ambasada">Ambasada</a> Republike Estonije u <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo">Tokyu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Estonija je bila punopravna članica <a href="/wiki/Liga_naroda" title="Liga naroda">Lige naroda</a> od <a href="/wiki/22._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="22. rujna">22. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." class="mw-redirect" title="1921.">1921.</a> godine,<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> a potom i <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">Ujedinjenih nacija</a> od <a href="/wiki/17._rujna" class="mw-redirect" title="17. rujna">17. rujna</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine. Između ostalih, Estonija je i jedna od članica <a href="/wiki/OESS" class="mw-redirect" title="OESS">Organizacije za europsku sigurnost i saradnju</a> (OSCE), <a href="/wiki/Organizacija_za_ekonomsku_suradnju_i_razvoj" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizacija za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj">Organizacije za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj</a> (OECD), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vije%C4%87e_dr%C5%BEava_Balti%C4%8Dkog_mora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijeće država Baltičkog mora (stranica ne postoji)">Vijeća država Baltičkog mora</a> (CBSS) i Nordijske razvojne banke. Također je i potpisnica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protokol_iz_Kyota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protokol iz Kyota (stranica ne postoji)">protokola iz Kyota</a> o klimatskim promjenama. Od obnove nezavisnosti <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine, estonska vanjska politika fokusirana je na europske i euroatlantske integracijske procese. Potpuna integracija u zapadni političko-sigurnosni sistem nastupila je nakon prijema u punopravno članstvo <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> pakta (članica od <a href="/wiki/29._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="29. ožujka">29. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Europska_unija" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska unija">Europske unije</a> (<a href="/wiki/1._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. svibnja">1. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2004." class="mw-redirect" title="2004.">2004.</a> godine). Intenzivno političko i vojno približavanje zemljama geopolitičkog zapada za posljedicu je imalo pogoršavanje odnosa s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Ruskom Federacijom</a>, jedinom susjednom zemljom s kojom Estonija nije u potpunosti izvršila demarkaciju granične linije. Od početka <a href="/wiki/1990e" class="mw-redirect" title="1990e">1990-ih</a>, Estonija razvija bliske političko-ekonomske odnose s preostale dvije baltičke države, sudjelujući u radu Baltičke skupštine i Baltičkog vijeća ministara.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Estonija koristi nordijski uzor kao primjer svog političko-društvenog djelovanja. Jačem razvoju međusobnih odnosa baltičkih i nordijskih zemalja doprinosi i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordijsko-balti%C4%8Dka_grupa_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordijsko-baltička grupa 8 (stranica ne postoji)">Nordijsko-baltička grupa 8</a> (NB8).<a href="#cite_note-NB8-197">[197]</a> Parlamentarna suradnja između Baltičke skupštine i Nordijskog savjeta započela je <a href="/wiki/1989." class="mw-redirect" title="1989.">1989.</a> godine i od tada dva tijela održavaju redovne godišnje sastanke na raznim nivoima.<a href="#cite_note-NB8-197">[197]</a> Nordijski savjet ministara ima svoju kancelariju u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> i predstavništvo u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a>, kao i informativne centre u <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valga" class="mw-disambig" title="Valga">Valgi</a> i <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnuu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Estonija njeguje tradicionalno dobre odnose sa <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedskom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finskom</a>, a većina <a href="/wiki/Estonci" title="Estonci">Estonaca</a> sebe smatra pripadnicima nordijskog civilizacijskog kruga. Tako je <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a> godine, prilikom posjete <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholmu</a>, tadašnji ministar vanjskih poslova Estonije, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toomas_Hendrik_Ilves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toomas Hendrik Ilves (stranica ne postoji)">Toomas Hendrik Ilves</a>, inače rođen u Stockholmu, održao predavanje na Švedskom institutu za međunarodne odnose pod nazivom "Estonija kao nordijska zemlja".<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Estonija teži uključivanju u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordijski_savjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordijski savjet (stranica ne postoji)">Nordijski savjet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mouritzen-201">[201]</a> Godine <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> Rusija je bila najvažniji trgovački partner Estonije s udjelom u ukupnoj trgovini od 92%, da bi u <a href="/wiki/21._vijek" title="21. vijek">XXI. vijeku</a> ulogu Rusije preuzele nordijske zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-The_Estonian_Economic_Miracle-202">[202]</a> Agencija Europske unije za visokotehnološke informacijske sisteme od <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a> ima sjedište u Tallinnu. U prvoj polovini <a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a> godine, Estonija je predsjedavala Savjetom Europske unije. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vojska">Vojska</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Uredi odjeljak Vojska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=30" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vojska">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonske_obrambene_snage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonske obrambene snage (stranica ne postoji)">Estonske obrambene snage</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Estonian_Soldiers_stand_in_formation_during_a_welcome_ceremony_for_U.S._troops%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Estonski ročnici <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Vojsku Estonije ili službeno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonske_obrambene_snage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonske obrambene snage (stranica ne postoji)">Estonske obrambene snage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Kaitsevägi) čine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonske_kopnene_snage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonske kopnene snage (stranica ne postoji)">kopnena vojska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Maavägi), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_ratna_mornarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska ratna mornarica (stranica ne postoji)">ratna mornarica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Merevägi) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonsko_ratno_zrakoplovstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonsko ratno zrakoplovstvo (stranica ne postoji)">ratno zrakoplovstvo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Õhuvägi), te paravojna jedinica znana kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_obrambena_liga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska obrambena liga (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska obrambena liga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Kaitseliit). Po <a href="/wiki/Ustav_Estonije" title="Ustav Estonije">Ustavu</a>, vojska je dužna braniti nezavisnost i suverenitet zemlje te integritet njezinog teritorija na kopnu, moru i u zraku.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Trenutni strateški ciljevi estonske vojske, pored obrane nacionalnih interesa, su i daljnji razvoj oružanih snaga te daljnji rad na interoperabilnosti s ostalim članicama <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-a i <a href="/wiki/Europska_unija" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska unija">Europske unije</a>, te sudjelovanje u misijama NATO-a diljem svijeta. Za razliku od preostale dvije <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dke_dr%C5%BEave" title="Baltičke države">baltičke zemlje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litva" class="mw-redirect" title="Litva">Litve</a>), u kojima je vojska profesionalizirana, u Estoniji je vojna obuka obavezna. Služenje vojnog roka je obveza za sve muškarce starosti između 18 i 28 godina, a dužina obuke traje od 8 do 11 mjeseci, ovisno o rodu u kojem se služi. Ženama je omogućeno da se dobrovoljno prijavljuju za služenje vojnog roka.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Prema podacima, vojni budžet Estonije za <a href="/wiki/2017." class="mw-redirect" title="2017.">2017.</a> godinu iznosio je 477 milijuna <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">eura</a>, ili oko 2.2% <a href="/wiki/BDP" class="mw-redirect" title="BDP">BDP</a>-a (što je za 7.6% više u odnosu na prethodnu godinu).<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Oružane snage Estonije, Latvije i Litve zajednički sudjeluju u vojnim vježbama u okviru NATO-a. Estonska vojska kao dio NATO-vih snaga sudjeluje u brojnim mirovnim i ratnim misijama diljem svijeta, a između ostalih sudjelovala je i u mirovnim misijama u <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">Hrvatskoj</a> <a href="/wiki/1995." class="mw-redirect" title="1995.">1995.</a> godine (u sklopu <a href="/wiki/UNPROFOR" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a>-a), u <a href="/wiki/BiH" class="mw-redirect" title="BiH">Bosni i Hercegovini</a> (od <a href="/wiki/1996." class="mw-redirect" title="1996.">1996.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a> godine) u sklopu <a href="/w/index.php?title=IFOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IFOR (stranica ne postoji)">IFOR</a>-a i <a href="/wiki/SFOR" title="SFOR">SFOR</a>-a, te u <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Makedonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjeverna Makedonija">Makedoniji</a> (<a href="/wiki/2003." class="mw-redirect" title="2003.">2003.</a> godine, kao dio misije <a href="/w/index.php?title=EUFOR_Concordia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EUFOR Concordia (stranica ne postoji)">EUFOR Concordia</a>). Estonske oružane snage sudjelovale su i u mirovnim misijama <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>-a u <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanonu</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Golanska_visoravan" title="Golanska visoravan">Golanskoj visoravni</a>, tokom <a href="/wiki/1996." class="mw-redirect" title="1996.">1996.</a> i <a href="/wiki/1997." class="mw-redirect" title="1997.">1997.</a> godine), <a href="/wiki/ISAF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISAF">ISAF</a>-a u <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanu</a> (od <a href="/wiki/2003." class="mw-redirect" title="2003.">2003.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> godine) i u <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraku</a> (od <a href="/wiki/2003." class="mw-redirect" title="2003.">2003.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a> godine). Estonski kontingent s 50 vojnika od <a href="/wiki/2003." class="mw-redirect" title="2003.">2003.</a> godine dio je mirovnih snaga <a href="/wiki/KFOR" title="KFOR">KFOR</a>-a na <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovu</a>, sa sjedištem u <a href="/wiki/Kosovska_Mitrovica" title="Kosovska Mitrovica">Kosovskoj Mitrovici</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Jedan od prioriteta oružanih snaga Estonije u <a href="/wiki/21._vijek" title="21. vijek">XXI. vijeku</a> obrana je od organiziranih cyber napada usmjerenih protiv informatičkih i telekomunikacijskih sistema u zemlji. Jedinica za obranu od organiziranih hakerskih napada formirana je <a href="/wiki/2006." class="mw-redirect" title="2006.">2006.</a> pod akronimom CERT (elektronska vojska), a njen je osnovni cilj zaštita informatičkog područja sa internet domenom <a href="/wiki/.ee" title=".ee">.ee</a> od mogućih hakerskih napada. Značaj jedinice za borbu protiv organiziranog cyber kriminala naglo je porastao nakon serije hakerskih napada na estonske internet mreže tokom <a href="/wiki/2007." class="mw-redirect" title="2007.">2007.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_gal-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrativna_podjela">Administrativna podjela</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Uredi odjeljak Administrativna podjela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=31" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Administrativna podjela">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrativna_podjela_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrativna podjela Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Administrativna podjela Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <table style="background:transparent;font-size: 11px;float: right"> <tbody><tr style="background:#0072CE; color:white; text-align:center;"> <th colspan="4">Okruzi Estonije </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div class="nounderlines" style="float: none; clear: none;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonia_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Estonia_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Estonia_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Estonia_adm_location_map.svg/750px-Estonia_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Estonia_adm_location_map.svg/1000px-Estonia_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1666" data-file-height="1484" /></a> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:324px; top: 317px;"><a href="/wiki/Valga_(okrug)" title="Valga (okrug)">Valga</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:393px; top: 339.5px;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">Võru</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:393px; top: 297px;"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva_(okrug)" title="Põlva (okrug)">Põlva</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:409px; top: 149.5px;"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:326.5px; top: 144.5px;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:344px; top: 212px;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva_(okrug)" title="Jõgeva (okrug)">Jõgeva</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:369px; top: 258px;"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_(okrug)" title="Tartu (okrug)">Tartu</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:279px; top: 261px;"><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_(okrug)" title="Viljandi (okrug)">Viljandi</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:289px; top: 189.5px;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rva_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Järva (okrug)">Järva</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:219px; top: 253.5px;"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(okrug)" title="Pärnu (okrug)">Pärnu</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:234px; top: 133.5px;"><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:219px; top: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/Rapla_(okrug)" title="Rapla (okrug)">Rapla</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:159px; top: 181px;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne (okrug)">Lääne</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:75.5px; top: 192px;"><a href="/wiki/Hiiu_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiiu (okrug)">Hiiu</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:63px; top: 253.5px;"><a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saare</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:459px; top: 273px;"><a href="/wiki/Ruska_Federacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruska Federacija">Rusija</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:199px; top: 13.5px;"><a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:249px; top: 386px;"><a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:144px; top: 371px;"><big><a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%A1ki_zaljev" title="Riški zaljev">Riški zaljev</a></big></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:249px; top: 63.5px;"><big><a href="/wiki/Finski_zaljev" title="Finski zaljev">Finski zaljev</a></big></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:49px; top: 113.5px;"><big><a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dko_more" title="Baltičko more">Baltičko more</a></big></div></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#0072CE; color:white; text-align:center;"> <th width="25%">Okrug </th> <th width="25%">Sjedište </th> <th width="25%">Okrug </th> <th width="25%">Sjedište </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/22px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/33px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/44px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg/22px-P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg/33px-P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg/44px-P%C3%A4rnumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(okrug)" title="Pärnu (okrug)">Pärnu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hiiumaa_lipp.svg/22px-Hiiumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hiiumaa_lipp.svg/33px-Hiiumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hiiumaa_lipp.svg/44px-Hiiumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Hiiu_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiiu (okrug)">Hiiu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rdla" title="Kärdla">Kärdla</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Raplamaa_lipp.svg/22px-Raplamaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Raplamaa_lipp.svg/33px-Raplamaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Raplamaa_lipp.svg/44px-Raplamaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Rapla_(okrug)" title="Rapla (okrug)">Rapla</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapla" title="Rapla">Rapla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg/22px-Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg/33px-Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg/44px-Ida-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Saaremaa_lipp.svg/22px-Saaremaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Saaremaa_lipp.svg/33px-Saaremaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Saaremaa_lipp.svg/44px-Saaremaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saare</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuressaare" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg/22px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg/33px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg/44px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva_(okrug)" title="Jõgeva (okrug)">Jõgeva</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva" title="Jõgeva">Jõgeva</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartumaa_lipp.svg/22px-Tartumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartumaa_lipp.svg/33px-Tartumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartumaa_lipp.svg/44px-Tartumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Tartu_(okrug)" title="Tartu (okrug)">Tartu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg/22px-Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg/33px-Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg/44px-Flag_of_et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rva_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Järva (okrug)">Järva</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Valgamaa_lipp.svg/22px-Valgamaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Valgamaa_lipp.svg/33px-Valgamaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Valgamaa_lipp.svg/44px-Valgamaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Valga_(okrug)" title="Valga (okrug)">Valga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valga" class="mw-disambig" title="Valga">Valga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg/22px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg/33px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg/44px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne (okrug)">Lääne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/22px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/33px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/44px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_(okrug)" title="Viljandi (okrug)">Viljandi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg/22px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg/33px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg/44px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakvere" title="Rakvere">Rakvere</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg/22px-V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg/33px-V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg/44px-V%C3%B5rumaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">Võru</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg/22px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg/33px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg/44px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva_(okrug)" title="Põlva (okrug)">Põlva</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva" title="Põlva">Põlva</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#0072CE; color:white; text-align:center;"> <th colspan="4">Općine Estonije nakon administrativne reforme 2017. godine </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mapa estonskih općina nakon administrativne reforme 2017. godine."><img alt="Mapa estonskih općina nakon administrativne reforme 2017. godine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg/500px-Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg/750px-Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg/1000px-Estonian_administrative_divisions_2017_with_labels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1051" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Republika Estonija administrativno je podijeljena na 15 <a href="/wiki/Okruzi_Estonije" title="Okruzi Estonije">okruga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: maakond, maakonnad). U pisanim izvorima okruzi se po prvi put spominju u <a href="/wiki/Hronika_Henrika_od_Livonije" title="Hronika Henrika od Livonije">Kronici Henrika od Livonije</a>, kao estonske državice koje su postojale tokom <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sjeverni_kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Sjeverni križarski ratovi">Sjevernih križarskih ratova</a>. Granice između okruga mijenjane su tokom stoljeća, a nakon što je Estonija <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine uspostavila nezavisnost, tadašnji sovjetski <a href="/wiki/Rajon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajon">rajoni</a> su ukinuti i zamijenjeni s okruzima, uz zadržavanje sovjetskih granica; nekadašnji okrug <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petseri_(okrug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petseri (okrug) (stranica ne postoji)">Petseri</a> nakon <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a> priključen je <a href="/wiki/Ruska_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruska SFSR">Rusiji</a> i danas je administrativno uređen kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C4%8Dorski_rajon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pečorski rajon (stranica ne postoji)">Pečorski rajon</a> <a href="/wiki/Pskovska_oblast" title="Pskovska oblast">Pskovske oblasti</a>. Historijski okruzi i njihove granice danas se koriste u etnološkom kontekstu kako bi se isticale kulturne i jezične posebnosti određenih dijelova Estonije. Svaki okrug ima svoju vladu (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Maavalitsus), na čijem se čelu nalazi načelnik (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Maavanem), koji predstavlja nacionalnu vlast na lokalnoj razini. Načelnike okruga bira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlada_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlada Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Vlada Estonije</a> na period od pet godina. Svaki je okrug dalje podijeljen na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C4%87ine_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Općine Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">općine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: omavalitsus), koje predstavljaju drugu razinu administrativne podjele. Nakon velike administrativne reforme <a href="/wiki/2017." class="mw-redirect" title="2017.">2017.</a> godine, broj općina smanjen je na 79 (s dotadašnjih 213), a dijele se na gradske (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: linn; 15 općina) i ruralne (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: vald; 64 općine).<a href="#cite_note-Az6aE-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Svaka općina uživa određen stupanj autonomije u odnosu na centralnu vlast i ima svoje organe vlasti. U granicama općina može se naći jedno ili više gradskih ili seoskih naselja. Dvije trećine općina imaju manje od 3,000 stanovnika; najveća općina je <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> s oko 427,500 stanovnika, dok najmanja općina <a href="/wiki/Ruhnu" title="Ruhnu">Ruhnu</a> ima svega 68 stanovnika.<a href="#cite_note-einst.ee-212">[212]</a> Grad <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> administrativno je podijeljen na osam gradskih okruga (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: linnaosa), a svaki od okruga ima svoju izvršnu vlast. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border-spacing:0; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; margin:;"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Okruzi Estonije (<a href="/wiki/1._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. siječnja">1. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a>)<a href="#cite_note-countypopulation-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;" colspan="2">Okrug </th> <th style="width:45px;">Sjedište </th> <th style="width:45px;">Površina (km2) </th> <th style="width:45px;">Populacija </th> <th style="width:45px;">Gustoća </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg/35px-Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg/53px-Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg/70px-Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a> (Harjumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,327</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">609,515</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">140.86</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hiiumaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hiiumaa_vapp.svg/35px-Hiiumaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hiiumaa_vapp.svg/53px-Hiiumaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hiiumaa_vapp.svg/70px-Hiiumaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hiiu_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiiu (okrug)">Hiiu</a> (Hiiumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rdla" title="Kärdla">Kärdla</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,032</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9,381</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9.09</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg/35px-Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg/53px-Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg/70px-Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a> (Ida-Virumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,972</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">131,913</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">44.39</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg/35px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg/53px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg/70px-J%C3%B5gevamaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva_(okrug)" title="Jõgeva (okrug)">Jõgeva</a> (Jõgevamaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva" title="Jõgeva">Jõgeva</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,545</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">28,082</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11.03</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg/35px-Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg/53px-Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg/70px-Et-J%C3%A4rva_maakond-coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rva_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Järva (okrug)">Järva</a> (Järvamaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,674</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">29,817</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11.15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg/35px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg/53px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg/70px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne (okrug)">Lääne</a> (Läänemaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,816</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">20,285</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11.17</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg/35px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg/53px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg/70px-L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a> (Lääne-Virumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakvere" title="Rakvere">Rakvere</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">3,696</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">58,402</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15.80</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg/35px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg/53px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg/70px-P%C3%B5lvamaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva_(okrug)" title="Põlva (okrug)">Põlva</a> (Põlvamaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva" title="Põlva">Põlva</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,823</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">24,473</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">13.42</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg/35px-Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg/53px-Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg/70px-Et-P%C3%A4rnu_maakond-coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(okrug)" title="Pärnu (okrug)">Pärnu</a> (Pärnumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,419</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">85,760</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15.83</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Raplamaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raplamaa_vapp.svg/35px-Raplamaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raplamaa_vapp.svg/53px-Raplamaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raplamaa_vapp.svg/70px-Raplamaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapla_(okrug)" title="Rapla (okrug)">Rapla</a> (Raplamaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapla" title="Rapla">Rapla</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,765</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">33,116</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11.98</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Saaremaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Saaremaa_vapp.svg/35px-Saaremaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Saaremaa_vapp.svg/53px-Saaremaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Saaremaa_vapp.svg/70px-Saaremaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saare</a> (Saaremaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuressaare" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,938</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">33,032</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11.24</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartumaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tartumaa_vapp.svg/35px-Tartumaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tartumaa_vapp.svg/53px-Tartumaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tartumaa_vapp.svg/70px-Tartumaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartu_(okrug)" title="Tartu (okrug)">Tartu</a> (Tartumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,993</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">153,912</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">51.42</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Valgamaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Valgamaa_vapp.svg/35px-Valgamaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Valgamaa_vapp.svg/53px-Valgamaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Valgamaa_vapp.svg/70px-Valgamaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valga_(okrug)" title="Valga (okrug)">Valga</a> (Valgamaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valga" class="mw-disambig" title="Valga">Valga</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,917</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">27,962</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">14.59</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Viljandimaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/35px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/53px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/70px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_(okrug)" title="Viljandi (okrug)">Viljandi</a> (Viljandimaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">3,422</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">45,877</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">13.41</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg/35px-V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg/53px-V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg/70px-V%C3%B5rumaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">Võru</a> (Võrumaa) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,305</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">34,898</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15.14</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stanovništvo">Stanovništvo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Uredi odjeljak Stanovništvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=32" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stanovništvo">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografija_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografija Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Demografija Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;border-left:1px #aaa solid;border-right:1px #aaa solid;background-color:#b0c4de;padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Populacija Estonije kroz historiju</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Godina</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Populacija">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1881." class="mw-redirect" title="1881.">1881.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">881.455</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1897." class="mw-redirect" title="1897.">1897.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">958.351</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1922." class="mw-redirect" title="1922.">1922.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.107.059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.126.413</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1941." class="mw-redirect" title="1941.">1941.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1.017.475</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1959." class="mw-redirect" title="1959.">1959.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.196.791</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1970." class="mw-redirect" title="1970.">1970.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.356.079</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1979." class="mw-redirect" title="1979.">1979.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.464.476</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1989." class="mw-redirect" title="1989.">1989.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.565.662</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/2000." class="mw-redirect" title="2000.">2000.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1.370.052</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−12.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.294.455</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1.330.068</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:left">Izvori:<a href="#cite_note-census-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-final20-216">[216]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Na osnovu arheoloških nalaza, izvjesno je da je područje suvremene Estonije stalno naseljeno posljednjih 13,000 godina, a prve ljudske zajednice pojavile su se odmah nakon povlačenja moćnih <a href="/wiki/Ledenjak" title="Ledenjak">ledenjaka</a>, koji su se prostirali na tom području tokom posljednjeg ledenog doba. Tokom posljednjih 800 godina, estonska se populacija se kretala između 800,000 i 1.6 milijuna ljudi. Početkom trećeg desetljeća <a href="/wiki/21._vijek" title="21. vijek">XXI. vijeka</a> u Estoniji je živjelo oko 1,330,000 ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија1-217">[217]</a> Kritični periodi u demografskom smislu bili su <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII.</a> i <a href="/wiki/14._vijek" title="14. vijek">XIV. vijek</a>, kada su <a href="/wiki/Sjeverni_kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Sjeverni križarski ratovi">ratovi sa kršćanskim osvajačima</a>, epidemije i glad potpuno desetkovali populaciju, a broj stanovnika se smanjivao i do 50%. Sljedeći demografski negativan period trajao je od sredine <a href="/wiki/16._vijek" title="16. vijek">XVI.</a> pa do početka <a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII. vijeka</a>, kada je zbog ratova, gladi i epidemija stradalo više od polovine stanovništva, iako je u mirnijim desetljećima u istom periodu uslijed imigracija broj stanovnika rastao i do dva postotna poena godišnje.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија1-217">[217]</a> Najnižu populacijsku točku estonsko stanovništvo doseglo je <a href="/wiki/1712." class="mw-redirect" title="1712.">1712.</a> godine, kada je na tom području živjelo svega oko 200,000 ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија1-217">[217]</a> Prema podacima sa svesovjetskog popisa iz <a href="/wiki/1897." class="mw-redirect" title="1897.">1897.</a> godine, broj stanovnika na tlu Estonije dostigao je 986,000, od čega su 89.2% bili etnički <a href="/wiki/Estonci" title="Estonci">Estonci</a> (odnosno estonska plemena). Prirodni rast estonske populacije tokom <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" class="mw-redirect" title="20. stoljeće">XX. vijeka</a> bio je dosta nizak i održavao se primarno zahvaljujući migracijama. Tokom <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>, Estonija je izgubila gotovo četvrtinu svoje prijeratne populacije. Intenzivna industrijalizacija koju su provodile sovjetske vlasti u poslijeratnom periodu dovela je do masovnih imigracija iz drugih dijelova <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a> te se tako u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1956." class="mw-redirect" title="1956.">1956.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine zbog posla u Estoniju doselilo ukupno oko 1.4 milijuna ljudi iz drugih dijelova zemlje. Njih oko 200,000 trajno se nastanilo na tom području.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија1-217">[217]</a> Intenzivnije imigracije zahvaćale su Estoniju uglavnom nakon perioda s visokim mortalitetom. Njemački i švedski naseljenici, koji su počeli intenzivnije dolaziti na ovo područje od <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a>, uglavnom su se zadržavali u gradovima. Iako su etnički Estonci činili većinu gradske populacije, estonski gradovi su tokom <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjeg vijeka</a> bili potpuno <a href="/wiki/Germanizacija" title="Germanizacija">germanizirani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија2-218">[218]</a> Za razliku od gradova, proces naseljavanja ruralnih područja tekao je znatno sporije, bio je dugotrajniji i samim tim novopridošlo se seosko stanovništvo mnogo brže asimiliralo.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија2-218">[218]</a> Od kraja <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>, naglo je porastao broj imigranata iz <a href="/wiki/Rusko_Carstvo" title="Rusko Carstvo">Rusije</a>, koji su sudjelovali u industrijalizaciji tih područja. <table cellspacing="0" style="clear:left;float:left;border:silver solid 1px; font-size:90%; padding:0.4em;margin:0.4em;width:н"> <tbody><tr style="background:н"><th align="center" colspan="5"><big>Etnička struktura Estonije (2019.)<a href="#cite_note-stat.ee-219">[219]</a></big></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;height:4px"> <td style="padding:0 4px"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px;" align="right"></td> <td style="width:100px"> </td><td style="padding:0 4px;width:5em" align="right"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px;" align="right"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Estonci" title="Estonci">Estonci</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:68.5%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">68.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:24.8%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">24.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrajinci" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinci</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:1.8%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Bjelorusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjelorusi">Bjelorusi</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:0.9%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Finci" title="Finci">Finci</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:0.6%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Latvijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijci">Latvijci</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:0.2%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Ostali</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:2.0%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">2.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Nepoznato</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:1.3%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">1.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="padding:4px"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> Prije Drugog svjetskog rata, etnički Estonci činili su 88.1% ukupne populacije, dok su ostatak činili pripadnici pet manjinskih naroda (tradicionalne manjine Estonije).<a href="#cite_note-ethnic_minor-220">[220]</a> Estonski ustav iz <a href="/wiki/1925." class="mw-redirect" title="1925.">1925.</a> godine garantirao je kulturnu autonomiju tradicionalnim manjinskim narodima (s brojnošću iznad 3,000 osoba) i bio je jedinstven u tom pogledu u Europi tog vremena.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2005211-221">[221]</a> Kulturna autonomija tako je zakonom zagarantirana estonskim <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Nijemcima</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Židovi">Židovima</a>, koji su imali i svoja vlastita kulturna vijeća. Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/1934." class="mw-redirect" title="1934.">1934.</a> godine, najbrojniji manjinski narodi bili su <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a> (92,000 ili 8.2%), <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Nijemci</a> (16,300 ili 1.5%) i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ve%C4%91ani" title="Šveđani">Šveđani</a> (7,600 ili 0.7%), dok su <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijci">Latvijci</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Židovi">Židovi</a> činili manje od 0,5% od ukupnog stanovništva. Velike promjene dogodile su se tokom Drugog svjetskog rata; broj stanovnika se značajno smanjio, a s estonskog teritorija gotovo su u potpunosti nestale četiri tradicionalne manjinske zajednice (opstali su jedino <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Демографија2-218">[218]</a> Zakon o kulturnoj autonomiji ponovo je stupio na snagu <a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија2-218">[218]</a> Tokom perioda sovjetske vlasti drastično se promijenila demografska slika Estonije. Udio etničkih Estonaca u populaciji pao je na oko 61%, dok se broj etničkih Rusa, <a href="/wiki/Ukrajinci" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinaca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bjelorusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjelorusi">Bjelorusa</a> u istom periodu gotovo upeterostručio, a manjinski narodi činili su više od trećine ukupne populacije. Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a> godine,<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> etnički najbrojnije skupine u zemlji bili su <a href="/wiki/Estonci" title="Estonci">Estonci</a> sa 68.8% i <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a> sa 24.2%. Značajniju populaciju imali su još i <a href="/wiki/Ukrajinci" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinci</a> (2%), dok su sve ostale etničke skupine imale udio manji od 1%. Među njima, posebno se ističu <a href="/wiki/Bjelorusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjelorusi">Bjelorusi</a> (0.8%) i <a href="/wiki/Finci" title="Finci">Finci</a> (0.6%), dok su ostale značajnije etničke skupine <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijci">Latvijci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Nijemci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litvanci" title="Litvanci">Litvanci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatari" title="Tatari">Tatari</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Židovi">Židovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ve%C4%91ani" title="Šveđani">Šveđani</a> i <a href="/wiki/Poljaci" title="Poljaci">Poljaci</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Демографија2-218">[218]</a> Suvremena Estonija etnički je heterogena zemlja u kojoj manjinski narodi čine oko trećinu populacije. Estonci čine više od 80% stanovništva u 13 od 15 okruga, a najhomogeniji okrug je <a href="/wiki/Hiiu_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiiu (okrug)">Hiiu</a> s 98.4% Estonaca. Ruska manjina najbrojnija je na sjeveroistoku i istoku zemlje, te u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>, a u okrugu <a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a> čini oko 70% populacije. Od početka <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a> pa na dalje, stopa živorođene djece po ženi postepeno je opadala, ali se i stopa smrtnosti smanjivala, što je dovelo do neznatnog rasta populacije. Tako je tokom pedesetih godina <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> Estonija imala jednu od najnižih stopa rađanja u Europi i svijetu, da bi prirodni priraštaj ponovo postepeno počeo rasti tokom sedamdesetih godina <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>. Tokom devedesetih godina <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> ponovo dolazi do pada u broju stanovnika, useljavanje je gotovo zaustavljeno, a broj iseljenika se naglo povećao, dok je broj umrlih bio veći od broja rođenih. Demografska slika počela se stabilizirati nakon <a href="/wiki/1997." class="mw-redirect" title="1997.">1997.</a> godine. Glavni demografski problem Estonije je starenje stanovništva, pošto broj djece po obitelji konstantno opada, a broj starijih osoba se povećava. Udio stanovnika starijih od 64 godine je oko 18% (prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> godine).<a href="#cite_note-Демографија1-217">[217]</a> Postotak zaposlenih, radno sposobnih stanovnika je nešto viši u usporedbi s prosjekom <a href="/wiki/Europska_unija" class="mw-redirect" title="Europska unija">Europske unije</a>, a posebno je visok postotak zaposlenosti među ženama. Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stopa_fertiliteta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stopa fertiliteta (stranica ne postoji)">stopa fertiliteta</a> je 1.52 dece po ženi, što odgovara europskom prosjeku. U Estoniji, značajan broj djece rođen je u izvanbračnim zajednicama, a tokom <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a> godine čak 60% od ukupnog broja rođenih rođeno je u izvanbračnim zajednicama. Prema podacima s popisa iz <a href="/wiki/2000." class="mw-redirect" title="2000.">2000.</a> godine, oko 21% stanovništva živio je u izvanbračnim zajednicama.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Broj razvedenih brakova je među najvišima u Europi. U usporedbi s europskim zemljama, estonsko stanovništvo živi najkraće, a posebno je velika razlika u životnom vijeku između muškaraca i žena (žene žive u prosjeku osam godina duže, što je smanjenje u odnosu na ranijih dvanaest). Tako je <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a> godine prosječni očekivani životni vijek kod žena iznosio 82.8 godina, dok su muškarci u prosjeku živjeli 74.4 godine.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 310px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonia_1950-2021.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Animirana populacijska piramida Estonije od 1950. do 2021. godine"><img alt="Animirana populacijska piramida Estonije od 1950. do 2021. godine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Estonia_1950-2021.gif/300px-Estonia_1950-2021.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Estonia_1950-2021.gif/450px-Estonia_1950-2021.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Estonia_1950-2021.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="531" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Animirana populacijska piramida Estonije od <a href="/wiki/1950." class="mw-redirect" title="1950.">1950.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a> godine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 310px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Share_of_Estonians.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Etnička struktura Estonije po okruzima (2011.)"><img alt="Etnička struktura Estonije po okruzima (2011.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Share_of_Estonians.png/300px-Share_of_Estonians.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Share_of_Estonians.png/450px-Share_of_Estonians.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Share_of_Estonians.png/600px-Share_of_Estonians.png 2x" data-file-width="6176" data-file-height="4416" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etnička struktura Estonije po okruzima (<a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 310px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_(1945-2008).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Prirodni prirast stanovništva Estonije od 1945. do 2008. godine"><img alt="Prirodni prirast stanovništva Estonije od 1945. do 2008. godine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png/300px-Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png/450px-Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png/600px-Natural_population_increase_of_Estonia_%281945-2008%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="985" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prirodni prirast stanovništva Estonije od <a href="/wiki/1945." class="mw-redirect" title="1945.">1945.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ljudska_prava_u_Estoniji">Ljudska prava u Estoniji</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Uredi odjeljak Ljudska prava u Estoniji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=33" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ljudska prava u Estoniji">uredi kod</a>]</div> Godine <a href="/wiki/1997." class="mw-redirect" title="1997.">1997.</a>, Estonija je potpisala <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDenevska_konvencija_o_izbjeglicama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ženevska konvencija o izbjeglicama (stranica ne postoji)">Ženevsku konvenciju o izbjeglicama</a>. U periodu od <a href="/wiki/1997." class="mw-redirect" title="1997.">1997.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine, izbjeglički <a href="/wiki/Azil" title="Azil">azil</a> u Estoniji zatražilo je ukupno 148 osoba, od čega je svega njih 10 dobilo službeni status izbjeglice, a za 12 osoba je određena specijalna zaštita. Najviše tražitelja azila bilo je iz <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a> (23), <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraka</a> (22) i <a href="/wiki/Turska" title="Turska">Turske</a> (17 osoba). Broj tražitelja azila znatno se povećao nakon <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a> godine, nakon što je Estonija postala dijelom <a href="/wiki/Schengenska_zona" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengenska zona">Schengenske zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Prema podacima od <a href="/wiki/2._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="2. srpnja">2. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> o broju rezidenata, 84.1% rezidenata bili su državljani Estonije, 8.6% su bili strani državljani, dok su 7.3% građana činile osobe sa nejasnim i neodređenim državljanstvom. Od <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine, oko 140,000 osoba dobilo je estonsko državljanstvo.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Pripadnicima ruske etničke manjine, koji su se u Estoniju doselili tokom sovjetskog perioda, estonski Zakon o državljanstvu znatno otežava proces dodjele statusa državljana, a Vijeće za ljudska prava <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>-a je <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine navedeni zakon označilo kao diskriminatoran.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Estonija je u listopadu <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> donijela zakon kojim su legalizirane civilne kohabitacije istopolnih parova, postavši tako prva zemlja na postsovjetskom prostoru koja je pravno regulirala prava istopolnih zajednica. Zakon o civilnom partnerstvu istopolnih zajednica stupio je na snagu <a href="/wiki/1._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. siječnja">1. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2016." class="mw-redirect" title="2016.">2016.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Iako istospolni <a href="/wiki/Brak" title="Brak">brakovi</a> još uvijek nisu zakonom regulirani u Estoniji, Estonija priznaje i registrira istospolne brakove sklopljene u drugim državama, ukoliko udovoljavaju zakonskim uvjetima.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaystarnews-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-err.ee-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jezici">Jezici</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Uredi odjeljak Jezici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=34" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jezici">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">Estonski jezik</a></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/220px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/330px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/440px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Tiskano izdanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatika_estonskog_jezika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatika estonskog jezika (stranica ne postoji)">estonske gramatike</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1637." class="mw-redirect" title="1637.">1637.</a> godine. Autor je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Stahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Stahl (stranica ne postoji)">Heinrich Stahl</a>.</figcaption></figure> Suvremena Estonija višenacionalna je država u kojoj se prema službenim podacima s popisa iz <a href="/wiki/2000." class="mw-redirect" title="2000.">2000.</a> govori čak 109 jezika. Službeni jezik zemlje je <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>, koji je materinji jezik za oko 922,000 ili 67.3% estonske populacije.<a href="#cite_note-PopulationByNationality-232">[232]</a> Kao službeni manjinski jezici priznati su još <a href="/wiki/Ruski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski">ruski</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedski" class="mw-redirect" title="Švedski">švedski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik">njemački jezik</a>. <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">Estonski jezik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: eesti keel) pripada grupi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balto-finski_jezici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balto-finski jezici (stranica ne postoji)">balto-finskih jezika</a> iz porodice <a href="/wiki/Uralski_jezici" title="Uralski jezici">uralskih jezika</a> i jedan je od tek nekoliko europskih jezika koji ne pripadaju porodici <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropski_jezici" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropski jezici">indoeuropskih jezika</a>. Dosta je sličan <a href="/wiki/Finski" class="mw-redirect" title="Finski">finskom</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karelski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karelski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">karelskom jeziku</a>. Po jezičkoj strukturi pripada grupi aglutinativnih jezika. Zbog stoljetnog utjecaja njemačkog jezika i kulture, oko trećinu riječi u modernom estonskom jeziku čine upravo razni <a href="/wiki/Germanizam" title="Germanizam">germanizmi</a>. Standardni estonski jezik baziran je na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjevernoestonski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjevernoestonski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">sjevernoestonskom dijalektu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ju%C5%BEnoestonski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Južnoestonski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">Južnoestonski jezik</a> (ili dijalekt) čine četiri zasebna dijalekta (tartski, mulgi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B5ro_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Võro jezik (stranica ne postoji)">võro</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seto_(dijalekt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seto (dijalekt) (stranica ne postoji)">seto</a>) koji se ponekad smatraju čak i zasebnim južnoestonskim jezicima.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Dijalekat viru se najviše razlikuje od standardnog estonskog jezika, i jedini je koji ima zaseban jezični <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (stranica ne postoji)">ISO 639-3</a> kod - <code>vro</code>. Iako su južnoestonski dijalekti geneološki različiti od sjevernoestonskih, službeno se smatraju regionalnim formama suvremenog estonskog jezika.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortografija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortografija">Ortografija</a> estonskog jezika bazira se na principu "jedno slovo, jedan glas". <a href="/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik">Ruski jezik</a> i dalje je najrašireniji manjinski jezik u zemlji i njime se kao materinjim jezikom služi oko trećina ukupne populacije (29.7%).<a href="#cite_note-Jezici-236">[236]</a> U periodu sovjetske vlasti, ruski jezik imao je status službenog jezika. Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/1998." class="mw-redirect" title="1998.">1998.</a> godine, velika većina rusofone doseljeničke struje iz prve i druge generacije nije poznavala estonski jezik.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Danas je situacija znatno drugačija te, prema podacima s popisa iz <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> godine, oko 64% neestonskog stanovništva tečno govori estonski jezik.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Najveći broj govornika ruskog jezika živi u glavnom gradu <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> te u industrijskim područjima u okrugu <a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a>. Iako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_Nijemci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički Nijemci (stranica ne postoji)">Baltički Nijemci</a> nikada nisu činili više od 10% od ukupne estonske populacije, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik">njemački jezik</a> potpuno je dominirao kulturnim, političkim i gospodarskim životom Estonije. Iako je broj etničkih Nijemaca u estonskoj populaciji danas gotovo zanemariv, njemački jezik treći je najrašireniji strani jezik među estonskim stanovništvom. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedski" class="mw-redirect" title="Švedski">Švedskim jezikom</a>, koji je bio dominantan u sjeverozapadnom i zapadnom dijelu zemlje, posebno u periodu između <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII.</a> i <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>, danas govori jako mali broj ljudi u Estoniji.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Najrašireniji strani jezici koji se uče u školama u Estoniji danas su <a href="/wiki/Engleski" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleski">engleski</a>, ruski, njemački i <a href="/wiki/Francuski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francuski">francuski</a>, iako su dosta popularni i finski, švedski i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panjolski_jezik" class="mw-redirect" title="Španjolski jezik">španjolski jezik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Službeni znakovni jezik u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonski_znakovni_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonski znakovni jezik (stranica ne postoji)">estonski znakovni jezik</a> (kod ESL; <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: ееsti viipekeel), koji koristi oko 4.5 tisuće osoba, dok je u službenoj upotrebi u rusofonim područjima i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruski_znakovni_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruski znakovni jezik (stranica ne postoji)">ruski znakovni jezik</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religija">Religija</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Uredi odjeljak Religija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=35" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Religija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religija_u_Estoniji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religija u Estoniji (stranica ne postoji)">Religija u Estoniji</a></div></dd></dl> <a href="/wiki/Ustav_Republike_Estonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustav Republike Estonije">Ustav Republike Estonije</a> garantira slobodu vjeroispovesti svim vjrskim zajednicama, a vjerske organizacije strogo su <a href="/wiki/Sekularizam" title="Sekularizam">odvojene od države</a>. Podaci o vjerskoj strukturi estonskog stanovništva su sljedeći: <table class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religija </th> <th colspan="2">Popis iz 2000.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Popis iz 2011.<a href="#cite_note-stat2011-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Broj </th> <th>% </th> <th>Broj </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kršćanstvo">Kršćanstvo</a> </td> <td align="right">319,770 </td> <td align="right">28.51 </td> <td align="right">307,173 </td> <td align="right">28.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Pravoslavna_crkva" title="Pravoslavna crkva">Pravoslavlje</a> </td> <td align="right">143,554 </td> <td align="right">12.80 </td> <td align="right">176,773 </td> <td align="right">16.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Luteranizam" title="Luteranizam">Luteranizam</a> </td> <td align="right">152,237 </td> <td align="right">13.57 </td> <td align="right">108,513 </td> <td align="right">9.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Baptisti%C4%8Dka_crkva" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptistička crkva">Baptisti</a> </td> <td align="right">6,009 </td> <td align="right">0.54 </td> <td align="right">4,507 </td> <td align="right">0.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Katolicizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolicizam">Katolicizam</a> </td> <td align="right">5,745 </td> <td align="right">0.51 </td> <td align="right">4,501 </td> <td align="right">0.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Jehovini_svjedoci" title="Jehovini svjedoci">Jehovini svjedoci</a> </td> <td align="right">3,823 </td> <td align="right">0.34 </td> <td align="right">3,938 </td> <td align="right">0.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Staroverci" title="Staroverci">Starovjerci</a> </td> <td align="right">2,515 </td> <td align="right">0.22 </td> <td align="right">2,605 </td> <td align="right">0.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Pentekostalizam" title="Pentekostalizam">Pentekostalci</a> </td> <td align="right">2,648 </td> <td align="right">0.24 </td> <td align="right">2,855 </td> <td align="right">0.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Adventisti%C4%8Dka_crkva" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventistička crkva">Adventisti</a> </td> <td align="right">1,561 </td> <td align="right">0.14 </td> <td align="right">1,194 </td> <td align="right">0.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/wiki/Metodisti" title="Metodisti">Metodisti</a> </td> <td align="right">1,455 </td> <td align="right">0.13 </td> <td align="right">1,098 </td> <td align="right">0.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongregacijska_crkva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongregacijska crkva (stranica ne postoji)">Kongregacionalisti</a> </td> <td align="right">223 </td> <td align="right">0.02 </td> <td align="right">2,189 </td> <td align="right">0.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD0C0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonski_neopaganizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonski neopaganizam (stranica ne postoji)">Estonski neopaganizam</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">1,058 </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">0.09 </td> <td align="right">2,972 </td> <td align="right">0.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD0C0;">–Prirodna vjera (Maausk) </td> <td align="right">1,925 </td> <td align="right">0.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD0C0;">–Taaraizam </td> <td align="right">1,047 </td> <td align="right">0.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFD0;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> </td> <td align="right">1,387 </td> <td align="right">0.12 </td> <td align="right">1,508 </td> <td align="right">0.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFFC0;"><a href="/wiki/Budizam" title="Budizam">Budizam</a> </td> <td align="right">622 </td> <td align="right">0.06 </td> <td align="right">1,145 </td> <td align="right">0.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0E0FF;">Ostale religije </td> <td align="right">4,995 </td> <td align="right">0.45 </td> <td align="right">8,074 </td> <td align="right">0.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Ireligioznost" title="Ireligioznost">Bez religije</a> </td> <td align="right">450,458 </td> <td align="right">40.16 </td> <td align="right">592,588 </td> <td align="right">54.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;">Neizjašnjeni </td> <td align="right">343,292 </td> <td align="right">30.61 </td> <td align="right">181,104 </td> <td align="right">16.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukupno </td> <td align="right">1,121,582 </td> <td align="right">100.00 </td> <td align="right">1,094,564 </td> <td align="right">99.00 </td></tr></tbody></table> Prije kristijanizacije zemlje, koja se dogodila tokom <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a>, estonsko je stanovništvo bilo <a href="/wiki/Politeizam" title="Politeizam">politeističko</a>. Prema opisima iz <a href="/wiki/Kronika_Henrika_od_Livonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronika Henrika od Livonije">Kronike Henrika od Livonije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinski">latinski</a>: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae; pisane u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1180." class="mw-redirect" title="1180.">1180.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1227." class="mw-redirect" title="1227.">1227.</a> godine), vrhovno estonsko božanstvo bila je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tharapita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tharapita (stranica ne postoji)">Tharapita</a>, estonski ekvivalent nordijskom božanstvu <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thoru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kršćanstvo">Kršćanstvo</a>, koje je danas najzastupljenija religija u Estoniji, proširili su <a href="/wiki/Teutonci" title="Teutonci">Teutonci</a> tokom <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a>. Tokom <a href="/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija">reformacije</a>, na tlu Estonije učvrstio se <a href="/wiki/Protestantizam" title="Protestantizam">protestantizam</a>, a godine <a href="/wiki/1686." class="mw-redirect" title="1686.">1686.</a> službeno je formirana Estonska evangelistička luteranska crkva.<a href="#cite_note-FrancoeurNoonan2004-245">[245]</a> Protestanti su u Estoniji prije <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a> činili oko 80% populacije; većinom su bili <a href="/wiki/Luteranizam" title="Luteranizam">luterani</a>, a jedan manji broj vjernika pripadao je <a href="/wiki/Kalvinizam" title="Kalvinizam">kalvinističkoj</a> protestantskoj denominaciji. Iako je po Ustavu iz <a href="/wiki/1925." class="mw-redirect" title="1925.">1925.</a> crkva službeno odvojena od države, vjerska učenja i dalje su bila prisutna u javnom životu, a na <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Državnom univerzitetu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a> postojao je Zavod za teološke studije. Tokom perioda sovjetske vlasti, estonska crkva izgubila je više od dvije trećine klera, crkvena imovina je nacionalizirana, a vjerske škole su zatvarane.<a href="#cite_note-FrancoeurNoonan-246">[246]</a> Kako su religija i kler bili u uskoj vezi s njemačkim feudalnim elitama tokom cijelog <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>, većina etničke estonske populacije nije prakticirala vjerske obrede. <a href="/wiki/Ireligioznost" title="Ireligioznost">Ireligioznost</a> se održala do današnjih dana pa je prema podacima Eurobarometra za <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> godinu više od polovine estonske populacije ireligiozno, po čemu je Estonija na prvom mjestu u Europi.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-Special_Eurobarometer_393-248">[248]</a> Prema istom istraživanju, 18% građana izjasnilo se da vjeruje u boga, njih 50% smatra da postoji neka vrsta "više životne sile", dok 29% građana ne vjeruje u postojanje nikakvih natprirodnih sila. Prema Gallupovim istraživanjima za period od <a href="/wiki/2006." class="mw-redirect" title="2006.">2006.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine, tek je 14% Estonaca religiju označilo kao važan dio svojih života, što je bio najniži postotak među 143 države koje su obuhvaćene istraživanjem.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Prema Eurobarometrovim istraživanjima iz <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a> godine, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kršćanstvo">kršćanstvo</a> je najvažnija i najdominantnija religija u Estoniji s oko 29% vjernika.<a href="#cite_note-EUROBAROMETER-250">[250]</a> Najveća kršćanska crkva u zemlji je <a href="/wiki/Estonska_pravoslavna_crkva" title="Estonska pravoslavna crkva">Estonska pravoslavna crkva</a>, kojoj pripada oko 16% estonskih građana; protestanti čine oko 10%, a sve ostale krćanske denominacije zajedno oko 28% građana.<a href="#cite_note-EUROBAROMETER-250">[250]</a> Među nereligioznim osobama njih 22% se izjasnilo kao <a href="/wiki/Ateizam" title="Ateizam">ateisti</a>, 16% kao <a href="/wiki/Agnosticizam" title="Agnosticizam">agnostici</a>, dok je oko 15% bilo neizjašnjeno. Estonska luteranska crkva je prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> imala oko 180,000 službeno registriranih članova.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> U zemlji deluju i manje <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">muslimanske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaizam" title="Judaizam">judaističke</a> i <a href="/wiki/Budizam" title="Budizam">budističke</a> grupe, a također i organizacija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maavalla_Koda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maavalla Koda (stranica ne postoji)">Maavalla Koda</a>, koja okuplja vjernike koji poštuju <a href="/wiki/Paganizam" title="Paganizam">paganske tradicije</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanizacija">Urbanizacija</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Uredi odjeljak Urbanizacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=36" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Urbanizacija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Popis_gradova_u_Estoniji" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis gradova u Estoniji">Popis gradova u Estoniji</a></div></dd></dl> Estonija je visoko urbanizirana zemlja i oko 70% stanovništva živi u gradskim centrima. U državi službeno postoji 47 gradskih naselja te 10 naselja u rangu manjih gradova. Sva gradska naselja nazivaju se zvanično linn. Glavni i najveći grad u zemlji je <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, koji je ujedno i jedini grad s više od 100,000 stanovnika. Ostali važniji regionalni centri su još i <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a>. Gradska naselja u Estoniji počinju se razvijati u <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeku</a> i nastajala su uglavnom oko njemačkih utvrda u priobalnim područjima i na obalama rijeka. Prvi gradovi koji se spominju u historijskim izvorima bili su <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1030." class="mw-redirect" title="1030.">1030.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (<a href="/wiki/1248." class="mw-redirect" title="1248.">1248.</a>, odnosno <a href="/wiki/1154." class="mw-redirect" title="1154.">1154.</a> pod imenom Kolivan, prema arapskim, odnosno Koljivanj, prema ruskim izvorima), <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a> (<a href="/wiki/1256." class="mw-redirect" title="1256.">1256.</a>), <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a>.), <a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1279." class="mw-redirect" title="1279.">1279.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1283." class="mw-redirect" title="1283.">1283.</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a> (<a href="/wiki/1291." class="mw-redirect" title="1291.">1291.</a> godine).<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <table class="navbox" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556979">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556873">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left; margin-left:0.75em"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Estonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Estonija (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Estonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Estonija (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Estonija&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div> Najveći gradovi u Estoniji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=RV0240&ti=RAHVASTIK+SOO%2C+VANUSE+JA+2017%2E+AASTA+HALDUSREFORMI+J%C4RGSE+ELUKOHA+J%C4RGI%2C+1%2E+JAANUAR&path=../Database/Rahvastik/01Rahvastikunaitajad_ja_koosseis/04Rahvaarv_ja_rahvastiku_koosseis/&lang=2">Eesti Statistika</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Poredak </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Popis_gradova_u_Estoniji" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis gradova u Estoniji">Grad</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Okruzi_Estonije" title="Okruzi Estonije">Okrug</a> </th> <th><abbr title="Populacija">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th>Poredak </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Popis_gradova_u_Estoniji" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis gradova u Estoniji">Grad</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Okruzi_Estonije" title="Okruzi Estonije">Okrug</a> </th> <th><abbr title="Populacija">Pop.</abbr></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ayuntamiento,_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea,_Tallin,_Estonia,_2012-08-05,_DD_21.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG/120px-Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG/180px-Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG/240px-Ayuntamiento%2C_vistas_panor%C3%A1micas_desde_Toompea%2C_Tallin%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-05%2C_DD_21.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4670" data-file-height="2921" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu"><img alt="Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/120px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/180px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/240px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7304" data-file-height="3936" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></td> <td align="right">434,562</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">12,719 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narva"><img alt="Narva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg/120px-Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg/180px-Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg/240px-Kindlused_Narva_j%C3%B5e_kaldal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pärnu"><img alt="Pärnu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-P%C3%A4rnu_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2594" /></a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_(okrug)" title="Tartu (okrug)">Tartu</a></td> <td align="right">96,974</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Valga,_Estonija" title="Valga, Estonija">Valga</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Valga_(okrug)" title="Valga (okrug)">Valga</a></td> <td align="right">12,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">55,249</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">Võru</a></td> <td align="right">11,859 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(okrug)" title="Pärnu (okrug)">Pärnu</a></td> <td align="right">50,643</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rva_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Järva (okrug)">Järva</a></td> <td align="right">10,590 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">33,743</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Viru (okrug)">Ida-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">10,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_(okrug)" title="Viljandi (okrug)">Viljandi</a></td> <td align="right">17,407</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Keila,_Estonija" title="Keila, Estonija">Keila</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></td> <td align="right">9,910 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Maardu" title="Maardu">Maardu</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></td> <td align="right">15,332</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Elva,_Estonija" title="Elva, Estonija">Elva</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_(okrug)" title="Tartu (okrug)">Tartu</a></td> <td align="right">5,664 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Rakvere" title="Rakvere">Rakvere</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">15,189</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saue" title="Saue">Saue</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harju_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harju (okrug)">Harju</a></td> <td align="right">5,629 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kuressaare" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saare_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saare (okrug)">Saare</a></td> <td align="right">13,097</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva" title="Põlva">Põlva</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva_(okrug)" title="Põlva (okrug)">Põlva</a></td> <td align="right">5,324 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne (okrug)">Lääne</a></td> <td align="right">13,077</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonija" title="Tapa, Estonija">Tapa</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_(okrug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Viru (okrug)">Lääne-Viru</a></td> <td align="right">5,316 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gospodarstvo">Gospodarstvo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Uredi odjeljak Gospodarstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=37" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Gospodarstvo">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospodarstvo_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gospodarstvo Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Gospodarstvo Estonije</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tln1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tln1.jpg/320px-Tln1.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tln1.jpg/480px-Tln1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tln1.jpg/640px-Tln1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5473" data-file-height="3655" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maakri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maakri (stranica ne postoji)">Maakri</a> je postao centralni poslovni distrikt u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>.</figcaption></figure> U <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91uratni_period" title="Međuratni period">međuratnom periodu</a>, estonsko je gospodarstvo postepeno počelo prelaziti s poljoprivrednog na industrijski sektor i razvijati se po uzoru na gospodarstvo susjedne <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finske</a>. U tom periodu, estonski poljoprivredni proizvodi (posebno <a href="/wiki/Maslac" title="Maslac">maslac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mlijeko" title="Mlijeko">mlijeko</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">sirevi</a>) prodavali su se na tržištima <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačke</a> i drugih zapadnoeuropskih zemalja. Životni standard estonskog stanovništva u istom periodu bio je gotovo jednak standardu stanovništva Finske.<a href="#cite_note-maddison185-255">[255]</a> Tokom <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>, gospodarski sustav u zemlji doživio je potpuni kolaps, a nakon sovjetske okupacije i potpuni preokret s tržišne na socijalističku privredu. Estonija je nakon <a href="/wiki/1944." class="mw-redirect" title="1944.">1944.</a> u potpunosti integrirana u sovjetski gospodarski sustav baziran na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dru%C5%A1tveno_vlasni%C5%A1tvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Društveno vlasništvo (stranica ne postoji)">društvenom vlasništvu</a>. Iako je u tom periodu došlo do intenzivne industrijalizacije zemlje, životni standard je značajno opao, pa je tako prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/1987." class="mw-redirect" title="1987.">1987.</a> godine BDP <a href="/wiki/Estonska_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonska SSR">Estonske SSR</a> gotovo ostao na predratnom nivou od oko 2,000 američkih dolara, dok je u istom periodu BDP Finske porastao na 14,370 američkih dolara; godine <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a>, estonski je BDP per capita iznosio samo 100 američkih dolara.<a href="#cite_note-ÄP-256">[256]</a> Nakon obnove nezavisnosti zemlje <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine izvršena je ponovna tranzicija na tržišnu ekonomiju i u zemlji su provedene brojne ekonomske reforme. Jedna od najznačajnijih svakako je bilo uvođenje <a href="/w/index.php?title=PDV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDV (stranica ne postoji)">poreza na dodatnu vrijednost</a> po jedinstvenoj stopi od 26% (nevezano za visinu primanja), a porezna stopa je u periodu od <a href="/wiki/2005." class="mw-redirect" title="2005.">2005.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> postepeno smanjivana na aktualnih 21%.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-257">[257]</a> Cjelokupna vrijednost poreza na nekretnine koristi se za financiranje lokalnih samouprava. Oporezivanju podliježu čak i javne institucije. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia,_2002-2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png/320px-Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png/480px-Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png/640px-Real_GDP_growth_in_Estonia%2C_2002-2012.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Grafikon koji pokazuje promjene u estonskom <a href="/wiki/BDP" class="mw-redirect" title="BDP">BDP</a>-u u periodu od <a href="/wiki/2002." class="mw-redirect" title="2002.">2002.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png/320px-Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png/480px-Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png/640px-Estonia_Unemployment_Rates.png 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Grafikon koji prikazuje kretanje stope nezaposlenosti u Estoniji od <a href="/wiki/1996." class="mw-redirect" title="1996.">1996.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2015." class="mw-redirect" title="2015.">2015.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Zahvaljujući sveobuhvatnim reformama, gospodarstvo se za kratko vrijeme oporavilo, a period tranzicije sa socijalističkog na kapitalistički sustav nije bio turbulentan kao u nekim drugim državama sa sličnom problematikom. Tako je nacionalni BDP u usporedbi s <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">Europskom unijom</a> porastao s 34.8%, koliko je iznosio <a href="/wiki/1996." class="mw-redirect" title="1996.">1996.</a>, na 65% <a href="/wiki/2007." class="mw-redirect" title="2007.">2007.</a> godine. Za manje od 20 godina ekonomske tranzicije, estonska se privreda transformirala i integrirala s ekonomskim sistemima susjednih nordijskih zemlja, posebno <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedske</a> i Finske,<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> i prema podacima <a href="/wiki/Svjetska_banka" title="Svjetska banka">Svjetske banke</a> dostigla status visokorazvijene ekonomije. Bruto društveni proizvod po glavi stanovnika bilježi konstantan rast pa je tako sa 23,631 dolara u <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a> porastao na 29,543 dolara u <a href="/wiki/2016." class="mw-redirect" title="2016.">2016.</a> godini.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a> godine, iznosio je čak 35,974 američkih dolara.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Brojne reforme znatno su olakšale razvoj malih poduzeća u zemlji pa je tako prema indeksu ekonomskih sloboda za <a href="/wiki/2021." class="mw-redirect" title="2021.">2021.</a> godinu Estonija rangirana na visoko osmo mjesto u svijetu, odnosno na četvrto mjesto među europskim državama te prvo među članicama Unije.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Zbog uspješne i brze ekonomske tranzicije te naglog razvoja, Estonija se često naziva i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balti%C4%8Dki_tigar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltički tigar (stranica ne postoji)">baltičkim tigrom</a> (zajedno s gospodarstvima <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litva" class="mw-redirect" title="Litva">Litve</a>). U studenom <a href="/wiki/1999." class="mw-redirect" title="1999.">1999.</a>, Estonija je postala članicom <a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">Svjetske trgovinske organizacije</a>, a od <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> i Organizacije za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj (<a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>).<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Prije službenog pridruživanja <a href="/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona">Eurozoni</a>, nacionalna valuta bila je <a href="/wiki/Estonska_kruna" title="Estonska kruna">estonska kruna</a>, koja je bila vezana za <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_marka" title="Njemačka marka">njemačku marku</a> u omjeru 1 DEM za 8 EEK. Kruna kao službena estonska valuta bila je u opticaju u dva navrata, od <a href="/wiki/1928." class="mw-redirect" title="1928.">1928.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1940." class="mw-redirect" title="1940.">1940.</a> te od <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a> godine. Prethodila joj je <a href="/wiki/Estonska_marka" title="Estonska marka">estonska marka</a>, koja je u opticaju bila od <a href="/wiki/1918." class="mw-redirect" title="1918.">1918.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1927." class="mw-redirect" title="1927.">1927.</a> godine, a naslijedio ju je <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> nakon što je Estonija službeno usvojila jedinstvenu europsku valutu kao vlastito platežno sredstvo <a href="/wiki/1._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. siječnja">1. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2011." class="mw-redirect" title="2011.">2011.</a> godine. S uvođenjem eura, Estonija je tako postala 17. članicom Eurozone. Zamjena estonske krune za euro vršena je po omjeru 1€ za 15.64664 EEK.<a href="#cite_note-euroreuters-263">[263]</a> Tokom perioda sovjetske vlasti, službena valuta bila je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetski_rubalj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovjetski rubalj (stranica ne postoji)">sovjetski rubalj</a>. Prema podacima <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostata</a>, Estonija ima najmanji javni dug među svim zemljama Europske unije, koji je krajem <a href="/wiki/2019." class="mw-redirect" title="2019.">2019.</a> iznosio 8.4% nacionalnog BDP-a.<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-264">[264]</a> Iz europskih fondova za razvoj Estonija je u periodu od <a href="/wiki/2007." class="mw-redirect" title="2007.">2007.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2013." class="mw-redirect" title="2013.">2013.</a> dobila oko 3.4 milijarde eura.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Estonska je ekonomija direktno osjetila posljedice <a href="/wiki/Velika_recesija" title="Velika recesija">velike ekonomske krize</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> – <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a>) te je tako BDP u prvoj polovini <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> pao za 1.4%, a do kraja iste godine za čak 9%. Ekonomija se stabilizirala tek početkom <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> i ponovo je počela rasti. Tako je u trećem kvartalu <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> industrijska proizvodnja porasla za čak 23% u usporedbi s istim periodom prethodne godine. Od tada, ekonomija svake godine bilježi kontinuirani rast.<a href="#cite_note-Stat-266">[266]</a> Prema statističkim podacima iz ožujka <a href="/wiki/2016." class="mw-redirect" title="2016.">2016.</a> godine, prosječna mjesečna plaća iznosila je 1,105 eura.<a href="#cite_note-StatisticsEstonia-267">[267]</a> Međutim, postoje znatne razlike u vrijednostima BDP među pojedinim okruzima u zemlji. Trenutno, područje oko glavnog grada <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a> sudjeluje s više od 50% ukupnog nacionalnog BDP-a.<a href="#cite_note-BBN-268">[268]</a> Tako je <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine BDP u Tallinnu iznosio 172% od prosječnog BDP-a na nacionalnom nivou, ili čak 115% prosječnog BDP-a na nivou Europske unije.<a href="#cite_note-Statistics-269">[269]</a> Stopa nezaposlenosti u listopadu <a href="/wiki/2020." class="mw-redirect" title="2020.">2020.</a> godine iznosila je 8%, što je malo iznad prosjeka EU-a (7.3%), ali manje od prosjeka Eurozone (8.3%).<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Jedini period u kojem je zabilježen konstantan rast nezaposlenosti bio je period od svibnja <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> do svibnja <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a>, kada je nezaposlenost porasla s 3.9% na čak 15.6%.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> Godine <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a>, Estonija je bila jedina članica Eurozone s proračunskim suficitom i s javnim dugom od svega 6%.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Prema procjenama Centra za studije predviđanja i međunarodnih informacija (Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales), ukoliko se nastavi aktualni trend ekonomskog rasta, estonska će ekonomija do <a href="/wiki/2025." class="mw-redirect" title="2025.">2025.</a> dostići nivo razvijenosti nordijskih zemalja, a do <a href="/w/index.php?title=2050&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2050 (stranica ne postoji)">2050</a>. postati i jednom od najproduktivnijih ekonomija unutar Europske unije.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2017." class="mw-redirect" title="2017.">2017.</a> godine, najveći udio (preko 71%) u ukupnom nacionalnom dohotku dolazi od uslužnog sektora, na industrijski sektor otpada oko 25%, dok poljoprivreda i druge primarne djelatnosti daju tek oko 4% nacionalnog BDP-a. Najvažniji privredni sektori su prerađivačka industrija, koja čini oko 14.5% ukupne proizvodnje, zatim promet, građevinarstvo i komunikacije s ukupno 10%, trgovina čini 13.5%, a svi ostali sektori oko 21%.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Estonija ima visoko razvijen sektor informacionih tehnologija i smatra se jednom od najrazvijenijih informacijskih zemalja u Europi. Estonski programeri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahti_Heinla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahti Heinla (stranica ne postoji)">Ahti Heinla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Priit_Kasesalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priit Kasesalu (stranica ne postoji)">Priit Kasesalu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Tallinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Tallinn (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Tallinn</a> sudjelovali su u stvaranju <a href="/wiki/Softver" title="Softver">softvera</a> za telekomunikacije <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poljoprivreda_i_šumarstvo">Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Uredi odjeljak Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=38" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg/220px-Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg/330px-Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg/440px-Kakerdaja_raba_laudtee_talvel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6468" data-file-height="8003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uma" title="Šuma">Šume</a> su izrazito važan dio estonskog gospodarstva, ali i odraz državne skrbi za prirodu.</figcaption></figure> Godine <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a>, oko 12% radno sposobnog stanovništva Estonije bilo je zaposleno u poljoprivrednom sektoru i proizvodilo je 15.4% ukupnog nacionalnog dohotka.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> U to vrijeme, Estonija je imala oko 1.3 milijuna hektara poljoprivrednog zemljišta, a oko milijun hektara činile su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oranice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oranice (stranica ne postoji)">oranice</a>. Tokom sovjetskog perioda, obradive površine smanjene su za oko 405,000 <a href="/wiki/Hektar" title="Hektar">hektara</a> i to je zemljište uglavnom pošumljeno. <a href="/wiki/Kolektivizacija" title="Kolektivizacija">Kolektivizacija</a> koja je provođena tokom <a href="/wiki/1940e" class="mw-redirect" title="1940e">1940-ih</a> i <a href="/wiki/1950e" class="mw-redirect" title="1950e">1950-ih</a> negativno se odrazila na estonsku poljoprivredu, posebno na mala seoska imanja koja su u predratnom periodu činila osnovu estonske privrede. Do početka <a href="/wiki/1990." class="mw-redirect" title="1990.">1990.</a> godine, na tlu Estonije postojala je 221 zadruga i 117 državnih farmi s prosječno oko 350 do 400 zaposlenih na svakoj od farmi. Na farmama su se najviše uzgajala <a href="/wiki/Goveda" title="Goveda">goveda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Svinje" class="mw-redirect" title="Svinje">svinje</a>, a Estonija je bila jedan od glavnih opskrbljivača drugih sovjetskih republika <a href="/wiki/Meso" title="Meso">mesom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mlijeko" title="Mlijeko">mlijekom</a>. S druge strane, hrana za stoku dobavljala se uglavnom iz Rusije. Nakon obnove nezavisnosti zemlje ukinuto je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolektivno_vlasni%C5%A1tvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolektivno vlasništvo (stranica ne postoji)">kolektivno vlasništvo</a> i zemlja je ponovo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denacionalizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denacionalizacija (stranica ne postoji)">denacionalizirana</a>. Zakonom je omogućeno da svaki pojedinac može iznajmiti do 50 hektara obradivog zemljišta za uzgoj <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDitarica" class="mw-redirect" title="Žitarica">žitarica</a> i drugih kultura. Zemljište je nasljedivo, ali ne može se ni prodati ni kupiti.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> Cilj reforme poljoprivrednog sektora bilo je oživljavanje sela i malih seoskih gazdinstava, koja su bila gotovo nestala uslijed kolektivizacije. Svega šest mjeseci nakon usvajanja niza reformi u poljoprivrednom sektoru službeno je registrirano oko 2,000 malih seoskih gazdinstava, i njihov se broj povećavao u narednom periodu. Godine <a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a>, u Estoniji je djelovalo ukupno 8,781 seosko gazdinstvo na kojima se obrađivalo oko četvrtine svih obradivih površina. Prema zakonu o porezu na imovinu, koji je tokom <a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> usvojio <a href="/wiki/Parlament_Estonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlament Estonije">nacionalni parlament</a>, svako domaćinstvo plaćalo je godišnji porez na imovinu od 0.8% do 1.2% od ukupne procijenjene vrijednosti posjeda (0.5% od poreza išlo je direktno u državni proračun, a ostatak u proračune lokalnih jedinica). Međutim, udio poljoprivrede u ukupnom nacionalnom dohotku pao je sa 15% na 3.3% u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> do <a href="/wiki/2000." class="mw-redirect" title="2000.">2000.</a> godine, a broj zaposlenih u poljoprivredi opao je u istom periodu s 15% na 5.2%. Najvažnije stočarske djelatnosti su mliječno <a href="/wiki/Govedarstvo" title="Govedarstvo">govedarstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svinjogojstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Svinjogojstvo">svinjogojstvo</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peradarstvo" title="Peradarstvo">peradarstvo</a>, dok su glavne ratarske kulture <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDitarice" title="Žitarice">žitarice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krumpir" title="Krumpir">krumpir</a> i <a href="/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće">povrće</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meso" title="Meso">Meso</a> i mesne prerađevine uglavnom se izvoze, dok se ratarski proizvodi plasiraju na domaćem tržištu. Mnoge farme počivaju na principima <a href="/wiki/Organska_poljoprivreda" title="Organska poljoprivreda">organske poljoprivrede</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Pod šumama je oko dva milijuna hektara s procijenjenih oko 274 milijuna kubnih metara drveta, od čega je pod komercijalnom eksploatacijom oko 70% šumskog bogatstva.<a href="#cite_note-ministry-280">[280]</a> Oko 40% svih šuma nalazi se u direktnom vlasništvu države. U <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umarstvo" title="Šumarstvo">šumarstvu</a> je zaposleno oko 1% od ukupnog radno aktivnog stanovništva. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrija,_rudarstvo_i_energetika">Industrija, rudarstvo i energetika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Uredi odjeljak Industrija, rudarstvo i energetika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=39" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Industrija, rudarstvo i energetika">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG/300px-Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG/450px-Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG/600px-Balti_Soojuselektrijaam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoelektrana_Balti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoelektrana Balti (stranica ne postoji)">Termoelektrana Balti</a> jedna je od elektrana koje čine veliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoelektrane_u_Narvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoelektrane u Narvi (stranica ne postoji)">kompleks termoelektrana</a> u <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narvi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG/300px-Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG/450px-Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG/600px-Hanila_tuulepark_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Energija vjetra najzastupljenija je među obnovljivim izvorima energije u Estoniji.</figcaption></figure> Estonija je relativno siromašna prirodnim resursima. Najvažniji privredni resursi su <a href="/wiki/Uljni_%C5%A1kriljevac" class="mw-redirect" title="Uljni škriljevac">uljni škriljevci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vapnenac" title="Vapnenac">vapnenac</a> koji se koristi kao građevinski materijal i drvo (šume pokrivaju oko polovine državnog teritorija). Postoje i manje zalihe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforit (stranica ne postoji)">fosforita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uraninit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uraninit (stranica ne postoji)">uraninita</a> i <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">granita</a>, koje se još uvijek ne eksploatiraju u značajnijim količinama.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Značajnija su i nalazišta rijetkih zemljinih <a href="/wiki/Oksid" title="Oksid">oksida</a> koji su se tokom posljednjih 50 godina nataložili na odlagalištima <a href="/wiki/Uranij" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranij">uranove</a> rude, škriljevaca i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loparit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loparit (stranica ne postoji)">loparita</a> na području <a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Trenutno se godišnje izvozi oko 3,000 tona ovih oksida, što čini oko 2% ukupne svjetske produkcije.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Najvažnije industrijske grane u zemlji su strojarska (na koju otpada oko 25% ukupne industrijske proizvodnje) i drvoprerađivačka industrija (oko 20%), a nakon njih slijede prehrambena i kemijska industrija s udjelom od po 10%, metaloprerađivačka (oko 13%) i laka industrija (s manje od 5% udjela u ukupnoj industrijskoj proizvodnji). U posljednje vrijeme, znatnije se razvija i elektroindustrija. Najvažnija industrijska postrojenja nalaze se na istoku zemlje, u okrugu <a href="/wiki/Ida-Viru" title="Ida-Viru">Ida-Viru</a> te u okolici <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Индустрија-284">[284]</a> Prehrambena industrija koncentrirana je uglavnom na domaće tržište na kojem podmiruje oko 80% ukupnih potreba za hranom. Rudarstvo kao djelatnost dosta je slabo razvijeno, upravo zbog siromaštva u rudama, i uglavnom se svodi na eksploatacije uljnih škriljevaca, <a href="/wiki/Treset" title="Treset">treseta</a> i građevinskog materijala (šljunak, pijesak, vapnenački kamen i glina). Industrija uljnih škriljevaca visoko je razvijena, a škriljevci zadovoljavaju oko tri četvrtine ukupnih potreba za električnom energijom (i sudjeluje s čak 4% u ukupnom nacionalnom dohotku).<a href="#cite_note-audit-285">[285]</a> Uljni škriljevci (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: põlevkivi) predstavljaju jedan od strateški najvažnijih energenata u Estoniji. U ovoj grani industrije u <a href="/wiki/2012." class="mw-redirect" title="2012.">2012.</a> bilo je zaposleno oko 6,500 radnika, ili oko 1% ukupne radne snage u zemlji. Oko 70% škriljevaca koristi se kao pogonsko gorivo u termoelektranama, dok se jedan manji postotak koristi za dobivanje sintetičke <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafte</a> putem procesa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piroloza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piroloza (stranica ne postoji)">pirolize</a>. Estonija je, poslije <a href="/wiki/NR_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="NR Kina">Kine</a>, druga zemlja na svijetu po proizvodnji nafte iz uljnih škriljevaca. Škriljevci se koriste i u građevinskoj industriji kao sirovina za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cementa</a>. Ukupne zalihe uljnih škriljevaca u Estoniji procijenjene su na oko 4.8 milijardi tona, a ekonomski isplativ period eksploatacije procijenjen je na narednih 30 godina. Estonija je energetski ovisna zemlja koja proizvodi oko 75% od ukupno potrebne električne energije, dok se ostatak električne energije uvozi. Oko 85% od ukupne proizvodnje električne energije proizvodi se u termoelektranama, koje kao pogonsko gorivo koriste uljni škriljevac.<a href="#cite_note-Индустрија-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> Najveći elektroenergetski objkat u zemlji je kompleks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoelektrane_u_Narvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoelektrane u Narvi (stranica ne postoji)">Narvske termoelektrane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Narva Elektrijaamad), koji se nalazi u okolini grada <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narve</a>, na krajnjem sjeveroistoku zemlje. Kompleks čine dvije zasebne termoelektrane (Esti i Balti), koje kao pogonsko gorivo koriste uljne škriljevce, ujedno dva najveća elektroenergetska objekta tog tipa na svijetu. Prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2007." class="mw-redirect" title="2007.">2007.</a> godine, u Narvskim termoelektranama proizvodilo se gotovo 95% ukupne estonske produkcije električne energije. Među obnovljivim izvorima energije najviše se koristi energija vjetra, a prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2014." class="mw-redirect" title="2014.">2014.</a> godine, ukupna snaga svih <a href="/wiki/Vjetroelektrana" title="Vjetroelektrana">vjetroelektrana</a> iznosila je 303 MW, što je činilo oko 3.2% ukupne produkcije električne energije.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Najveća koncentracija vjetroelektrana je u području oko <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cudsko-pskovsko_jezero" title="Čudsko-pskovsko jezero">jezera Peipsi</a> i na otoku <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Estonska elektroprivreda (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Energia) dio je jedinstvenog tržišta električne energije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord_Pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord Pool (stranica ne postoji)">Nord Pool</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promet,_trgovina_i_turizam">Promet, trgovina i turizam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Uredi odjeljak Promet, trgovina i turizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=40" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Promet, trgovina i turizam">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Saobra%C4%87aj_u_Estoniji" title="Saobraćaj u Estoniji">Saobraćaj u Estoniji</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg/220px-Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg/330px-Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg/440px-Morning_in_Tallinn_Harbor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tallinnska_luka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tallinnska luka (stranica ne postoji)">Tallinnska luka</a> jedna je od najvećih i najvažnijih luka u zemlji.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg/220px-Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg/330px-Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg/440px-Tallinn_Airport_03_July_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Novi terminal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tallinnski_aerodrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tallinnski aerodrom (stranica ne postoji)">Aerodroma Lennart Meri</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ukupna dužina svih cestovnih pravaca u zemlji je 57,565 km, od čega je asfaltirano tek 12,926 km (podaci za <a href="/wiki/2013." class="mw-redirect" title="2013.">2013.</a> godinu). Glavni je razlog za lošiju cestovnu infrastrukturu, pored nedostatka novca, i slaba gustoća naseljenosti i gotovo odsustvo populacije u mnogim dijelovima zemlje. Oko 10% ili 1,607 km čine glavne cestovne prometnice od nacionalnog značaja. Najvažnije autoceste su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europski_pravac_E20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europski pravac E20 (stranica ne postoji)">E20</a> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburg</a> (dužine 211 km), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europski_pravac_E263&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europski pravac E263 (stranica ne postoji)">E263</a> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>–<a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhamaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhamaa (stranica ne postoji)">Luhamaa</a> (291 km), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europski_pravac_E264&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europski pravac E264 (stranica ne postoji)">E264</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>–<a href="/wiki/Valga,_Estonija" title="Valga, Estonija">Valga</a> (216 km), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europski_pravac_E67&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europski pravac E67 (stranica ne postoji)">E67</a> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikla (stranica ne postoji)">Ikla</a> (193 km) i drugi. Postoji ukupno 12 cestovnih pravaca prvog stupnja. Cestovni promet dominira prijevozom putnika s udelom od oko 90% u ukupnom putničkom prometu. Željeznica dominira u prijevozu tereta i ovim vidom prijevoza transportira se gotovo 70% ukupnog transporta robe. Ukupna dužina svih željezničkih pruga u zemlji je oko 1,200 km, dok je u upotrebi oko 900 km. Željeznički je promet u vlasništvu države, a širina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolosijek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolosijek (stranica ne postoji)">kolosijeka</a> iznosi 1,520 mm (tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruski_kolosijek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruski kolosijek (stranica ne postoji)">ruski kolosijek</a>). Najfrekventniji željeznički pravci su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pruga_Tallinn%E2%80%93Narva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pruga Tallinn–Narva (stranica ne postoji)">Tallinn–Narva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Rapla" title="Rapla">Rapla</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonija" title="Tapa, Estonija">Tapa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Саобраћај-292">[292]</a> Estonija je među vodećim zemljama u Europi po broju električnih vozila, s prosjekom od oko 1 električnog automobila na 1,000 stanovnika.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-293">[293]</a> Vlada potiče korištenje vozila na električni pogon, a na čak 165 pumpi u zemlji nalaze se i odgovarajući adapteri za punjenje baterija električnih automobila.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-293">[293]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Glavni trgovinski partneri Estonije za 2018. godinu<a href="#cite_note-foreign-294">[294]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Izvoz </th> <th colspan="2">Uvoz </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">16%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">13%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">10%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">10%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija">Litva</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">10%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija">Litva</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska">Nizozemska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4%</div> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska">Nizozemska</a> </td> <td style="font-size:smaller"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8%</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Prema službenom državnom registru lučkih pristaništa, u Estoniji postoji 45 luka i gotovo sve nalaze se na baltičkim obalama. Najveće i ekonomski najvažnije luke su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luka_Muuga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luka Muuga (stranica ne postoji)">Muuga</a> (u blizini <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (s nekoliko pristaništa), <a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunda,_Estonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunda, Estonija (stranica ne postoji)">Kunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a>. Najveći značaj u putničkom prometu na Baltiku ima kompanija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tallink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tallink (stranica ne postoji)">Tallink</a> koja održava redovne brodske veze između Tallinma s jedne i <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinkija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburga</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">švedskih</a> gradova sa druge strane. Tokom ljetnih mjeseci, iz Tallinna ka Helsinkiju polaze trajekti na svaki sat, a rutu između dva grada dužine oko 80 km godišnje pređe oko osam milijuna putnika.<a href="#cite_note-Саобраћај-292">[292]</a> Između kontinentalnog dijela i otoka postoje redovne trajektne linije. U zemlji se nalazi 12 <a href="/wiki/Aerodrom" title="Aerodrom">aerodroma</a> i 1 <a href="/wiki/Heliodrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliodrom">heliodrom</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tallinnski_aerodrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tallinnski aerodrom (stranica ne postoji)">Tallinnski aerodrom</a> (koji se zove po bivšem predsjedniku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lennart Meri (stranica ne postoji)">Lennartu Meriju</a>) najveći je u zemlji i kroz njega je tokom <a href="/wiki/2019." class="mw-redirect" title="2019.">2019.</a> godine prošlo 3,267,909 putnika.<a href="#cite_note-:0-295">[295]</a> Međunarodni letovi obavljaju se i s aerodroma u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerodrom_u_P%C3%A4rnuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerodrom u Pärnuu (stranica ne postoji)">Pärnu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerodrom_u_Tartuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerodrom u Tartuu (stranica ne postoji)">Tartuu</a>. Sva četiri veća otoka takođe imaju vlastite aerodrome s kojih polaze letovi uglavnom u domaćem prometu. U prometu je zaposleno oko 7.5% radno sposobnog stanovništva.<a href="#cite_note-Саобраћај-292">[292]</a> Tranzitni promet između <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a> i ostatka Europe donosi znatne prihode u estonski budžet.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> Nakon članstva u Europskoj uniji, broj stranih turista koji posjećuju Estoniju porastao je za više od 25%, pa tako prema aktualnim podacima zemlju godišnje posjeti oko četiri milijuna stranih turista.<a href="#cite_note-Туризам-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Najviše stranih turista dolazi iz susjedne <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finske</a>, i uglavnom je riječ o jednodnevnim turistima koji zbog kupovine posjećuju Tallinn. Tallinn je redovna stanica svih baltičkih krstarenja. Od uspostave nezavisnosti zemlje, estonska se privreda bazira na modelu tržišne ekonomije i jedna je od zemalja <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Istočna Europa">Istočne Europe</a> sa najvišim <a href="/wiki/BDP" class="mw-redirect" title="BDP">BDP</a>-om.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Najvažniji financijski centar u zemlji je Tallinn, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tallinnska_burza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tallinnska burza (stranica ne postoji)">Tallinnska burza</a> članica je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq_Nordic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasdaq Nordic (stranica ne postoji)">Nasdaq Nordic</a> grupe. Najvažniji izvozni proizvodi su strojevi i oprema, drvo i papir, odjeća, hrana, namještaj te proizvodi kemijske i metalne industrije.<a href="#cite_note-CIAworld-301">[301]</a> Značajan udio u izvozu čini i električna energija, u prosjeku oko 1.562 milijarde kilovat sati godišnje. S druge strane, godišnje se uveze u prosjeku oko 200 milijuna kilovat sati električne energije. Najviše se uvoze <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafta</a> (iz <a href="/wiki/Litva" class="mw-redirect" title="Litva">Litve</a> i <a href="/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ka" title="Norveška">Norveške</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Zemni_plin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemni plin">zemni plin</a> (iz <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a>). Tri najvažnija izvozna tržišta Estonije su <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a> i <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a>, na koje otpada oko polovina ukupnog izvoza. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obrazovanje_i_nauka">Obrazovanje i nauka</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Uredi odjeljak Obrazovanje i nauka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=41" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Obrazovanje i nauka">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartu_university_christmas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tartu_university_christmas.jpg/220px-Tartu_university_christmas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tartu_university_christmas.jpg/330px-Tartu_university_christmas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tartu_university_christmas.jpg/440px-Tartu_university_christmas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Glavna zgrada <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerziteta u Tartuu</a>, najprestižnijeg univerziteta u Estoniji.</figcaption></figure> Prve škole na tlu današnje Estonije otvarane su tokom <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII.</a> i <a href="/wiki/14._vijek" title="14. vijek">XIV. vijeka</a> i uglavnom su to bile škole koje su otvarane pod patronatom crkvenih (katedralne škole) i monaških zajednica.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> Prvi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukvar (stranica ne postoji)">bukvar</a> na <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonskom jeziku</a> tiskan je <a href="/wiki/1575." class="mw-redirect" title="1575.">1575.</a> godine. Najstarija sveučilišna ustanova u zemlji je <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerzitet u Tartuu</a>, a osnovao ga je još <a href="/wiki/1632." class="mw-redirect" title="1632.">1632.</a> švedski kralj <a href="/wiki/Gustav_II_Adolf_od_%C5%A0vedske" title="Gustav II Adolf od Švedske">Gustav II. Adolf</a>. Prva predavanja na estonskom jeziku na sveučilištima održana su tek <a href="/wiki/1919." class="mw-redirect" title="1919.">1919.</a> godine, čime je prekinuta praksa dotadašnjeg visokoškolskog obrazovanja na <a href="/wiki/Latinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinski">latinskom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski">ruskom</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemačkom jeziku</a>. Obrazovni sustav u Estoniji danas je podijeljen na 4 razine: predškolsko obrazovanje (vrtić, do sedme godine), osnovno obrazovanje (osnovna škola, 9 razreda, od 8. do 16. godine), srednje obrazovanje (srednja škola, 3 godine) i visoko obrazovanje (više škole i fakulteti).<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> Školske institucije mogu biti državne, općinske (lokalne), javne i privatne ustanove, a prema podacima iz <a href="/wiki/2009." class="mw-redirect" title="2009.">2009.</a> godine, na teritoriju Estonije djelovalo je ukupno 589 škola.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> Kvalitetu estonskog obrazovanja najbolje potvrđuje podatak da su prema procjenama europske agencije za vrednovanje kvalitete obrazovanja (PISA) godine <a href="/wiki/2018." class="mw-redirect" title="2018.">2018.</a> estonski gimnazijalci rangirani na 5. mjestu u svijetu (u sve tri kategorije, ispred njih su samo učenici iz <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">azijskih</a> zemalja, dok je Estonija ispred svih ostalih zemalja svijeta).<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> U Estoniji je nepismenost službeno iskorijenjena, a pismeno je sto posto odraslog stanovništva. Jednako tako, čak 89% stanovništva starosti između 25 i 64 godine ima visoku stručnu spremu, što je jedna od najviših stopa u suvremenom svijetu.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Akademski stupanj obrazovanja podijeljen je na tri razine: diplomski studiji, magistarski (master) studiji i doktorski studiji. U nekim studijskim programima (diplomski medicinski studiji, veterina, farmacija, dentalna medicina, arhitektura i pedagoški studiji) izjednačeni su diplomski i magistarski studiji te imaju isti stupanj.<a href="#cite_note-EurydiceSummary-307">[307]</a> Javna sveučilišta imaju visok stupanj autonomije u svom radu i pored organiziranja akademskog života unutar samog sveučilišta, ona imaju slobodu kreiranja vlastitih nastavnih programa, uspostavljanja uvjeta za prijem novih studenata, usvajanja budžeta i planova budućeg razvoja, vrše izbor rektora i donose odluke o upravljanju vlastitom imovinom. Najveća javna sveučilišta su <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerzitet u Tartuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tallinnu" title="Univerzitet u Tallinnu">Univerzitet u Tallinnu</a> te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_akademija_umjetnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska akademija umjetnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska akademija umjetnosti</a>, dok je najveća privatna visokoškolska ustanova <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_poslovna_%C5%A1kola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska poslovna škola (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska poslovna škola</a>. Tartuski univerzitet najstarija je i najprestižnija visokoškolska ustanova u zemlji i pohađa ga oko 13,000 studenata (od čega oko 1,300 stranih akademaca). Prema publikaciji QS Global World Rankings, Univerzitet u Tartuu je rangiran na 285. mjesto u svijetu i najprestižniji je univerzitet na Baltiku.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> Jedino je sveučilište iz <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dke_dr%C5%BEave" title="Baltičke države">Baltičkih zemalja</a> koji se nalazi na listi 200 najboljih europskih sveučilišta.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> Najvažnija znanstvena ustanova u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_akademija_znanosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska akademija znanosti (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska akademija znanosti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia) sa sjedištem u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>, osnovana <a href="/wiki/1938." class="mw-redirect" title="1938.">1938.</a> godine. U ožujku <a href="/wiki/2017." class="mw-redirect" title="2017.">2017.</a> godine, Akademija je imala 77 stalnih i 20 stranih članova.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Jedna od najvažnijih znanstveno-istraživačkih institucija u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_institut_za_kemijsku_fiziku_i_biofiziku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni institut za kemijsku fiziku i biofiziku (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalni institut za kemijsku fiziku i biofiziku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituut, KBFI). Prvi informatički znanstveni centri u zemlji osnovani su tokom <a href="/wiki/1950e" class="mw-redirect" title="1950e">1950-ih</a> godina u Tallinnu i <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a>, a estonski informatički stručnjaci uvelike su sudjelovali u razvoju <a href="/wiki/Softver" title="Softver">softvera</a> kojim su se koristila razna ministarstva <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a> tokom <a href="/wiki/1980e" class="mw-redirect" title="1980e">1980-ih</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kalja-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaakkola-312">[312]</a> Estonska vlada ulaže značajna sredstva u istraživanja i razvoj i od <a href="/wiki/2015." class="mw-redirect" title="2015.">2015.</a> godine, postotak ulaganja u znanost iznosi oko 4% nacionalnog <a href="/wiki/BDP" class="mw-redirect" title="BDP">BDP</a>-a, što je više u odnosu na prosjek EU koji iznosi oko 2%.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg/220px-Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg/330px-Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg/440px-Old_astronomical_observatory_in_Tartu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="3032" /></a><figcaption>Stara zgrada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opservatorij_u_Tartuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opservatorij u Tartuu (stranica ne postoji)">opservatorija</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a>. Opservatorij je premješten <a href="/wiki/1964." class="mw-redirect" title="1964.">1964.</a> godine.</figcaption></figure> Godine <a href="/wiki/1810." class="mw-redirect" title="1810.">1810.</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Dorpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorpat">Dorpatu</a> (današnji Tartu) završeni su radovi na izgradnji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opservatorij_u_Tartuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opservatorij u Tartuu (stranica ne postoji)">opservatorija</a>, a <a href="/wiki/1814." class="mw-redirect" title="1814.">1814.</a> godine postavljeni su prvi instrumenti. Ovaj <a href="/wiki/Opservatorij" title="Opservatorij">opservatorij</a> koristio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_von_Struve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve</a> kao početnu točku prilikom određivanja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struveov_geodetski_luk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struveov geodetski luk (stranica ne postoji)">svog geodetskog luka</a> (istraživanja su obavljana već tokom <a href="/wiki/1816." class="mw-redirect" title="1816.">1816.</a> godine).<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Godine <a href="/wiki/1824." class="mw-redirect" title="1824.">1824.</a>, u opservatoriju je instaliran u to vrijeme najmoćniji 9" refraktor. Opservatorij danas raspolaže s dva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflektorski_teleskop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflektorski teleskop (stranica ne postoji)">reflektorska teleskop</a> dimenzija 1.5 m i 0.6 m. Neki od najpoznatijih estonskih naučnika su astronomi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_von_Struve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_%C3%96pik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Öpik (stranica ne postoji)">Ernst Öpik</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Einasto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Einasto (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Einasto</a>, biolozi <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_von_Uexk%C3%BCll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob von Uexküll (stranica ne postoji)">Jakob von Uexküll</a>, kemičari <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Schmidt_(kemi%C4%8Dar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Schmidt (kemičar) (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Schmidt</a>, ekonomist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Nurkse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragnar Nurkse (stranica ne postoji)">Ragnar Nurkse</a>, matematičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Krahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Krahn (stranica ne postoji)">Edgar Krahn</a>, medicinski naučnici <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_Puusepp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvig Puusepp (stranica ne postoji)">Ludvig Puusepp</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Pirogov" title="Nikolaj Pirogov">Nikolaj Pirogov</a>, fizičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Johann_Seebeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Johann Seebeck (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Johann Seebeck</a>, politolog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (stranica ne postoji)">Rein Taagepera</a>, psiholozi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endel_Tulving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endel Tulving (stranica ne postoji)">Endel Tulving</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Risto_N%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4nen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risto Näätänen (stranica ne postoji)">Risto Näätänen</a>, te semiotičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juri_Lotman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juri Lotman (stranica ne postoji)">Juri Lotman</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Uredi odjeljak Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=42" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kultura">uredi kod</a>]</div> Zahvaljujući svom geografskom položaju, Estonija se nalazi na mjestu gdje su se vijekovima sudarali utjecaji sjeverne, zapadne i istočne Europe, mjestu gdje su se sudarale tradicije <a href="/wiki/Katolicizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolicizam">katolicizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje">pravoslavlja</a> i <a href="/wiki/Protestantizam" title="Protestantizam">protestantizma</a>. Zbog svega toga, estonska je kulturna scena jako raznovrsna i jako specifična. Kulturološki utjecaj skandinavskih naroda naročito je velik u priobalnim područjima zemlje, koja su tradicionalno bila vezana za skandinavske zemlje, dok su južni i istočni dijelovi bili podložni utjecajima baltijskih <a href="/wiki/Livonci" title="Livonci">Livonaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijci">Latvijaca</a>) i slavenskih <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Poljaci" title="Poljaci">Poljaka</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Njemačka</a> plemićka elita, koja je praktički vijekovima vladala zemljom, također je ostavila veliki trag na kulturu i tradiciju estonskih gradova.<a href="#cite_note-Традиција-317">[317]</a> Tokom <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjeg vijeka</a>, estonska se kultura svodila na <a href="/wiki/Usmena_knji%C5%BEevnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Usmena književnost">usmenu književnost</a> i narodne običaje, a pisana riječ na <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonskom jeziku</a> gotovo da nije postojala. Danski historičar <a href="/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a> u svom djelu <a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1179." class="mw-redirect" title="1179.">1179.</a> po prvi put detaljnije opisuje estonsku tradicionalnu glazbu, spominjući estonske ratnike koji pjevaju noću prije nego što krenu u bitku.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> Livonski monah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_od_Livonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrik od Livonije (stranica ne postoji)">Henrik</a> na početku <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a> detaljnije je opisivao estonski duhovni život, njihove žrtvene običaje, božanstva i duhove. Njemački kroničar i svećenik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthasar_R%C3%BCssow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balthasar Rüssow (stranica ne postoji)">Balthasar Rüssow</a> <a href="/wiki/1578." class="mw-redirect" title="1578.">1578.</a> godine u svom djelu Chronica der Provinz Lyfflandt (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Kronika provincije Livonije) između ostalih opisuje i tradicionalne estonske proslave tokom ljetnog solsticija (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: jaanipäev) te praznika <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Krstitelj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Krstitelj">svetog Ivana Krstitelja</a>, i to su bili prvi detaljniji opisi narodnih običaja nakon kristijanizacije zemlje.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> Estonska narodna vjerovanja, tradicije i nekoliko narodnih pjesama opisani su u djelu Topograpische Nachrichten von Lief- und Ehstland (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Topografske vijesti iz Livonije i Estonije) <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Wilhelm_Hupel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Wilhelm Hupel (stranica ne postoji)">Augusta Hupela</a> (pisano od <a href="/wiki/1774." class="mw-redirect" title="1774.">1774.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1779." class="mw-redirect" title="1779.">1779.</a> godine, u tri toma). Godine <a href="/wiki/1778." class="mw-redirect" title="1778.">1778.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Gottfried_Herder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Gottfried Herder (stranica ne postoji)">Johann Gottfried Herder</a> preveo je nekoliko estonskih narodnih pjesama na <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik">njemački jezik</a> i objavio ih u svom djelu Volkslieder (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Narodne pjesme).<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> Interes za estonsko narodno stvaralaštvo naglo je porastao tokom <a href="/wiki/%C3%84rkamisaeg" title="Ärkamisaeg">estonskog narodnog preporoda</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1839." class="mw-redirect" title="1839.">1839.</a>, osnovano je Estonsko učeno društvo (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Õpetatud Eesti Selts) s osnovnim zadatkom u prikupljanju i proučavanju estonskog folklora i tradicija. Jedan od najistaknutijih članova društva bio je književnik <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann" title="Friedrich Robert Faehlmann">Friedrich Robert Faehlmann</a> koji je u prijevodu na njemački jezik objavio brojne estonske mitove i legende. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Heinrich_Neus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Heinrich Neus (stranica ne postoji)">Alexander Heinrich Neus</a> prikupio je oko 1,300 estonskih narodnih pjesama i objavio ih u trotomnoj antologiji Ehstnische Volkslieder<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Estonske narodne pjesme) na estonskom i njemačkom jeziku. Najvažnija kulturna ustanova u zemlji danas je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_akademija_umjetnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska akademija umjetnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska akademija umjetnosti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, EKA) u Tallinnu, osnovana <a href="/wiki/1914." class="mw-redirect" title="1914.">1914.</a> godine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Književnost">Književnost</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Uredi odjeljak Književnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=43" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Književnost">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_knji%C5%BEevnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska književnost (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska književnost</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kalevipoeg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kalevipoeg.jpg/220px-Kalevipoeg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kalevipoeg.jpg/330px-Kalevipoeg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kalevipoeg.jpg/440px-Kalevipoeg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Naslovnica <a href="/wiki/Ep" title="Ep">epa</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg">Kalevipoeg</a>, izdanje iz <a href="/wiki/1935." class="mw-redirect" title="1935.">1935.</a> godine. <a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg">Kalevipoeg</a> je prvi estonski nacionalni ep, a napisao ga je <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Reinhold_Kreutzwald" title="Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald">Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald</a>, koji je dovršio raniji tekst što ga je započeo <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann" title="Friedrich Robert Faehlmann">Friedrich Robert Faehlmann</a>.</figcaption></figure> Književna djelatnost na <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonskom jeziku</a> gotovo da nije postojala u periodu od kraja <a href="/wiki/Sjeverni_kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Sjeverni križarski ratovi">Sjevernih križarskih ratova</a> do kraja <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>, i svodila se na svega nekoliko književnih radova.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Jedno od najstarijih djela u kojima se nalaze dijelovi pisani na estonskom narodnom jeziku je Kullamski molitvenik pisan u periodu između <a href="/wiki/1524." class="mw-redirect" title="1524.">1524.</a> i <a href="/wiki/1528." class="mw-redirect" title="1528.">1528.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Prva poznata tiskana knjiga izdana u dvojezičnoj verziji, na <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">njemačkom</a> i estonskom jeziku, bio je Luteranski katekizam iz <a href="/wiki/1535." class="mw-redirect" title="1535.">1535.</a> godine. Zanimljivo je da je prvo izdanje estonske gramatike tiskano na njemačkom jeziku <a href="/wiki/1637." class="mw-redirect" title="1637.">1637.</a> godine.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/Novi_zavjet" title="Novi zavjet">Novi zavjet</a> prvi je put tiskan <a href="/wiki/1686." class="mw-redirect" title="1686.">1686.</a> na južnoestonskom dijalektu, a izdanje na standardnom estonskom jeziku tiskano je tri desetljeća kasnije, <a href="/wiki/1715." class="mw-redirect" title="1715.">1715.</a> godine. Književna djelatnost na estonskom jeziku počela se aktivnije razvijati u periodu estofilskog buđenja od sredine <a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII.</a> do sredine <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a>. "Ocem" moderne estonske književnosti i osnivačem moderne estonske poezije smatra se pjesnik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristjan_Jaak_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristjan Jaak Peterson (stranica ne postoji)">Kristjan Jaak Peterson</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> je <a href="/wiki/1842." class="mw-redirect" title="1842.">1842.</a> godine osnovano Društvo estonskih književnika. Prvobitna estonska književnost bazirana je na bogatom epskom i lirskom usmenom stvaralaštvu koje je pretočeno u pisanu riječ. Jedan od najvećih predstavnika tog žanra bio je <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Reinhold_Kreutzwald" title="Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald">Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald</a>, koji je napisao prvi estonski <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_ep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni ep (stranica ne postoji)">nacionalni ep</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg">Kalevipoeg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Kalevov sin, tiskan tokom <a href="/wiki/1850e" class="mw-redirect" title="1850e">1850-ih</a>), temeljem inicijalnog nedovršenog teksta što ga je započeo <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann" title="Friedrich Robert Faehlmann">Friedrich Robert Faehlmann</a>. U njegova značajnija djela ubrajaju se i Stare estonske bajke (<a href="/wiki/1866." class="mw-redirect" title="1866.">1866.</a>) i poema Lembitu (<a href="/wiki/1885." class="mw-redirect" title="1885.">1885.</a>). Kreutzwald se smatra autorom prvog originalnog djela na estonskom jeziku. Jedan od najutjecajnijih estonskih prozaista iz početnog perioda estonske književnosti bio je i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Luts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Luts (stranica ne postoji)">Oskar Luts</a>, a njegov roman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevade (stranica ne postoji)">Kevade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Proljeće) smatra se jednim od najboljih književnih djela na estonskom jeziku.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Koidula" title="Lydia Koidula">Lydia Koidula</a> smatra se utemeljiteljicom ženske poezije u Estoniji. Među najznačajnija djela estonske književnosti ubraja se i <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">realistička</a> pentologija <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B5de_ja_%C3%B5igus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tõde ja õigus (stranica ne postoji)">Tõde ja õigus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Istina i pravda; pisana u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1926." class="mw-redirect" title="1926.">1926.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1933." class="mw-redirect" title="1933.">1933.</a>) <a href="/wiki/A._H._Tammsaare" class="mw-redirect" title="A. H. Tammsaare">A. H. Tammsaarea</a>, koja prati evoluciju estonskog društva od seoskih zajednica do nezavisne nacije.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> Među najznačajnije estonske suvremene autore ubrajaju se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Kross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Kross (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Kross</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Kaplinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Kaplinski (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Kaplinski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B5nu_%C3%95nnepalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tõnu Õnnepalu (stranica ne postoji)">Tõnu Õnnepalu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrus_Kivir%C3%A4hk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrus Kivirähk (stranica ne postoji)">Andrus Kivirähk</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muzika">Muzika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Uredi odjeljak Muzika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=44" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Muzika">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_muzika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska muzika (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska muzika</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg/200px-Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg/300px-Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg/400px-Arvo_P%C3%A4rt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> jedan je od najznačajnijih predstavnika <a href="/wiki/Minimalizam" title="Minimalizam">minimalizma</a> u klasičnoj muzici, a njegov najznačajniji doprinos je kompozicijska tehnika znana kao <a href="/wiki/Tintinnabuli" title="Tintinnabuli">tintinnabuli</a>.</figcaption></figure> Estonska muzika razvila se iz tradicionalnih narodnih pjesama, a najstariji tragovi te muzike vuku korijene još iz <a href="/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek">XII. vijeka</a> i perioda runskih zapisa. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runsko_pjevanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runsko pjevanje (stranica ne postoji)">Runsko pjevanje</a> dominiralo je estonskom tradicionalnom muzikom sve do <a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII. vijeka</a>, kada su ga zamijenile znatno ritmičnije forme. Najstariji pisani trag estonske tradicionalne muzike i plesa datira iz <a href="/wiki/1179." class="mw-redirect" title="1179.">1179.</a> godine, kada je danski historičar <a href="/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a> u svom djelu <a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a> među prvima detaljno opisao muzičku tradiciju estonskog naroda.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> Saxo posebno spominje tradicionalne ratničke pjesme, koje su se pjevale uoči vojničkih pohoda. Narodne pjesme javljaju se u više formi; mogu biti epske, lirske ili radničke pjesmea. Prva osoba koja je započela sakupljati estonske tradicionalne pjesme bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Hurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Hurt (stranica ne postoji)">Jakob Hurt</a>. Hurt je ukupno prikupio i objavio preko 12,400 stranica tradicionalnih pjesama iz svih dijelova Estonije. Tokom <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>, tradicionalno runsko pjevanje održalo se još jedino na krajnjem zapadu zemlje, na otoku <a href="/wiki/Kihnu" title="Kihnu">Kihnuu</a>, te na krajnjem jugoistoku u regiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Setumaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setumaa (stranica ne postoji)">Setumaa</a>. Među najstarije tradicionalne muzičke instrumente ubrajau se razne vrste puhačkih instrumenata, poput <a href="/wiki/Frula" title="Frula">frule</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rog_(instrument)" title="Rog (instrument)">roga</a>, koje su koristili estonski pastiri napasajući svoja stada. U sredinama s njemačkom većinom popularni su bili instrumenti poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citra (stranica ne postoji)">citre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kon%C4%8Dertina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Končertina (stranica ne postoji)">končertine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violina" title="Violina">violine</a> i <a href="/wiki/Harmonika" title="Harmonika">harmonike</a>. Tradicionalni instrument koji se i danas koristi prilikom izvođenja tradicionalnih pjesama je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannel (stranica ne postoji)">kannel</a>, žičani instrument koji je danas jedan od nacionalnih simbola.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> U <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandiju</a> je <a href="/wiki/2008." class="mw-redirect" title="2008.">2008.</a> godine osnovan centar za očuvanje tradicionalne muzike.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Profesionalno muziciranje počinje se razvijati tek nakon <a href="/wiki/Estonski_narodni_preporod" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski narodni preporod">narodnog preporoda</a> i to je period kada se pojavljuju prvi profesionalni kompozitori <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_muzika" title="Klasična muzika">klasične muzike</a>. Najznačajniji među njima bili su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Tobias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Tobias (stranica ne postoji)">Rudolf Tobias</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_Kapp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur Kapp (stranica ne postoji)">Artur Kapp</a>. Značajan dio muzičke scene Estonije predstavlja <a href="/wiki/Zbor" class="mw-disambig" title="Zbor">zborsko</a> pjevanje. Prvi <a href="/wiki/Laulupidu" title="Laulupidu">festival zborova</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Laulupidu) održan je <a href="/wiki/1869." class="mw-redirect" title="1869.">1869.</a> godine i danas predstavlja jedan od najstarijih i najvećih festivala amaterskih zborova u svijetu i održava se svakih pet godina u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> (Tallinn je domaćin festivala od <a href="/wiki/1928." class="mw-redirect" title="1928.">1928.</a> godine).<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Tokom <a href="/wiki/1960e" class="mw-redirect" title="1960e">1960-ih</a> godina dolazi do prave renesanse tradicionalne muzike. Širom zemlje osnivaju se brojna kulturno-umjetnička društva koja njeguju tradicionalne muzičke vrednosti. Godine <a href="/wiki/1967." class="mw-redirect" title="1967.">1967.</a> snimljena je prva gramofonska ploča s tradicionalnim pjesmama i melodijama (Eesti rahvalaule ja pillilugusid). U tom periodu djelovanje započinju i kompozitor <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a>, jedan od najpoznatijih i najznačajnijih suvremenih klasičnih kompozitora,<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> te operni pevač (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bariton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariton (stranica ne postoji)">bariton</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Ots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Ots (stranica ne postoji)">Georg Ots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg/200px-Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg/300px-Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg/400px-Sandra_Nurmsalu_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Nurmsalu" title="Sandra Nurmsalu">Sandra Nurmsalu</a> predstavljala je Estoniju na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosong_2009.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosong 2009. (stranica ne postoji)">Eurosongu 2009.</a> godine s grupom <a href="/wiki/Urban_Symphony" title="Urban Symphony">Urban Symphony</a>, čija je pjesma "<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ndajad" title="Rändajad">Rändajad</a>" ostvarila međunarodni uspjeh.</figcaption></figure> U suvremenoj <a href="/wiki/Pop" title="Pop">pop</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rock_muzika" title="Rock muzika">rock muzici</a> najveći uspjeh ostvarila je pjevačica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerli_K%C3%B5iv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerli Kõiv (stranica ne postoji)">Kerli Kõiv</a>, koja je ostvarila značajan uspjeh širom Europe i Sjeverne Amerike. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerli_K%C3%B5iv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerli Kõiv (stranica ne postoji)">Kerli Kõiv</a> pojavila se i kao izvođač jedne pjesme u američkom filmu <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(film,_2010)" title="Alice in Wonderland (film, 2010)">Alice in Wonderland</a> iz <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> i televizijskoj seriji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smallville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smallville (stranica ne postoji)">Smallville</a>. Među popularnije estonske izvođače ubrajaju se još i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koit_Toome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koit Toome (stranica ne postoji)">Koit Toome</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivo_Linna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivo Linna (stranica ne postoji)">Ivo Linna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerli_Padar" title="Gerli Padar">Gerli Padar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_P%C3%B5ldvere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Põldvere (stranica ne postoji)">Laura Põldvere</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birgit_%C3%95igemeel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birgit Õigemeel (stranica ne postoji)">Birgit Õigemeel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCri_Pootsmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jüri Pootsmann (stranica ne postoji)">Jüri Pootsmann</a> i drugi. Godine <a href="/wiki/1994." class="mw-redirect" title="1994.">1994.</a>, Estonija je debitirala na <a href="/wiki/Eurosong" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosong">Eurosongu</a>. Svoju prvu i jedinu pobjedu na ovom natjecanju Estonija je ostvarila u <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagenu</a> <a href="/wiki/2001." class="mw-redirect" title="2001.">2001.</a> godine, kada je pjesma "<a href="/wiki/Everybody_(pjesma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Everybody (pjesma)">Everybody</a>" u izvođenju <a href="/wiki/Tanel_Padar" title="Tanel Padar">Tanela Padara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dave_Benton" title="Dave Benton">Davea Bentona</a> zauzela prvo mjesto sa 198 osvojenih bodova. Zahvaljujući toj pobjedi, grad Tallinn je naredne godine bio domaćin Eurosonga. Pjesma "<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ndajad" title="Rändajad">Rändajad</a>" u izvođenju grupe <a href="/wiki/Urban_Symphony" title="Urban Symphony">Urban Symphony</a>, koja je ujedno bila predstavnik Estonije na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosong_2009.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosong 2009. (stranica ne postoji)">Eurosongu 2009.</a> godine, jedina je pjesma na <a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonskom jeziku</a> koja se našla na top listama u <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgiji</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarskoj</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Likovna_umjetnost_i_arhitektura">Likovna umjetnost i arhitektura</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Uredi odjeljak Likovna umjetnost i arhitektura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=45" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Likovna umjetnost i arhitektura">uredi kod</a>]</div> Najstariji primjerak likovne aktivnosti na tlu Estonije pronađen je na lokalitetu Tamula u <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru_(okrug)" title="Võru (okrug)">okrugu Võru</a> na jugu zemlje, a riječ je o uklesanom ljudskom liku na komadu kosti, za koji se pretpostavlja da je nastao negdje u drugom tisućljeću prije nove ere.<a href="#cite_note-Сликарство-335">[335]</a> Kako je dio estonske historije od <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII.</a> do <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> period vladavine susjednih naroda nad Estoncima, likovna umjetnost Estonaca u tom periodu svodi se na narodnu radinost. Krajem <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX.</a> i početkom <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>, mnogobrojni estonski umjetnici odlaze na studij na prestižne univerzitete diljem Europe i, po prvi puta u historiji, u Estoniji se stvara klasa školovanih likovnih umjetnika. Tako se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_K%C3%B6ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Köler (stranica ne postoji)">Johann Köler</a>, koji se školovao na Likovnoj akademiji u <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburgu</a>, smatra prvim školovanim estonskim slikarom.<a href="#cite_note-Сликарство-335">[335]</a> Estonska likovna umjetnost dijeli se na "njemački period" (<a href="/wiki/Ekspresionizam" title="Ekspresionizam">ekspresionizam</a> iz perioda <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>), "francuski period" (<a href="/wiki/Postimpresionizam" title="Postimpresionizam">postimpresionizam</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1930e" class="mw-redirect" title="1930e">1930-ih</a>) i "ruski period" (<a href="/wiki/Socrealizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrealizam">socrealizam</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1940e" class="mw-redirect" title="1940e">1940-ih</a> i <a href="/wiki/1950e" class="mw-redirect" title="1950e">1950-ih</a> godina). Kraj <a href="/wiki/1960e" class="mw-redirect" title="1960e">1960-ih</a> uglavnom se definira kao "američki period" u kojem se umjetnost razvijala u stilu <a href="/wiki/Pop-art" title="Pop-art">pop-arta</a>, da bi krajem <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX.</a> i početkom <a href="/wiki/21._vijek" title="21. vijek">XXI. vijeka</a> dominantan pravac u estonskoj umjetnosti postao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Figurativizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Figurativizam (stranica ne postoji)">figurativizam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Među najznačajnije likovne umjetnike Estonije ubrajaju se još i slikari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ants_Laikmaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ants Laikmaa (stranica ne postoji)">Ants Laikmaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Raud" title="Paul Raud">Paul Raud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evald_Okas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evald Okas (stranica ne postoji)">Evald Okas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristjan_Raud" title="Kristjan Raud">Kristjan Raud</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_M%C3%A4gi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrad Mägi (stranica ne postoji)">Konrad Mägi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Najznačajnija muzejska ustanova posvećena likovnoj umjetnosti u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzej_likovnih_umetnosti_Estonije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzej likovnih umetnosti Estonije (stranica ne postoji)">Muzej likovnih umetnosti Estonije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Kunstimuuseum), osnovan <a href="/wiki/17._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="17. studenog">17. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1919." class="mw-redirect" title="1919.">1919.</a> godine u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a>. Muzej, čije je prvobitno sjedište bila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala%C4%8Da_Kadriorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palača Kadriorg (stranica ne postoji)">palača Kadriorg</a>, ubrzo se proširio na više lokaliteta i danas, pored stalnog postava lokalnih autora izlaže i međunarodne radove. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 784px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 782px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bernt Notke: Danse Macabre (kasni XV. vijek), ulje na platnu, 157 × 750 cm"><img alt="Bernt Notke: Danse Macabre (kasni XV. vijek), ulje na platnu, 157 × 750 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg/1173px-Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg" decoding="async" width="782" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg/1760px-Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg/2346px-Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="1006" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 762px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernt_Notke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernt Notke (stranica ne postoji)">Bernt Notke</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danse_Macabre_(Notke)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danse Macabre (Notke) (stranica ne postoji)">Danse Macabre</a> (kasni <a href="/wiki/15._vijek" title="15. vijek">XV. vijek</a>), ulje na platnu, 157 × 750 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gottlieb Welté: Kralj David (XVIII. vijek), ulje na platnu, 46 × 36 cm"><img alt="Gottlieb Welté: Kralj David (XVIII. vijek), ulje na platnu, 46 × 36 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg/204px-Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg/307px-Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg/409px-Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9_-_King_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="904" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 116px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottlieb_Welt%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottlieb Welté (stranica ne postoji)">Gottlieb Welté</a>: Kralj David (<a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII. vijek</a>), ulje na platnu, 46 × 36 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Doeppi_perekonna_portree,_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold,_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="August Georg Wilhelm Pezold: Portret obitelji Doeppi (1845.), ulje na platnu, 34.8 × 44.3 cm"><img alt="August Georg Wilhelm Pezold: Portret obitelji Doeppi (1845.), ulje na platnu, 34.8 × 44.3 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Doeppi_perekonna_portree%2C_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold%2C_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg/336px-Doeppi_perekonna_portree%2C_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold%2C_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Doeppi_perekonna_portree%2C_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold%2C_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg/504px-Doeppi_perekonna_portree%2C_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold%2C_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Doeppi_perekonna_portree%2C_August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold%2C_EKM_j_275-33_M_1206.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="482" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 204px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Georg_Wilhelm_Pezold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Georg Wilhelm Pezold (stranica ne postoji)">August Georg Wilhelm Pezold</a>: Portret obitelji Doeppi (<a href="/wiki/1845." class="mw-redirect" title="1845.">1845.</a>), ulje na platnu, 34.8 × 44.3 cm </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johann Köler: Svećenici proklinju Lorelei (1887.), ulje na platnu, 395 × 345 cm"><img alt="Johann Köler: Svećenici proklinju Lorelei (1887.), ulje na platnu, 395 × 345 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg/234px-K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg/351px-K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg/469px-K%C3%B6ler-Lorelei_needmine_munkade_poolt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="811" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 136px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_K%C3%B6ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Köler (stranica ne postoji)">Johann Köler</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sve%C4%87enici_proklinju_Lorelei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svećenici proklinju Lorelei (stranica ne postoji)">Svećenici proklinju Lorelei</a> (<a href="/wiki/1887." class="mw-redirect" title="1887.">1887.</a>), ulje na platnu, 395 × 345 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartu_turg.hoffmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oskar Hoffmann: Tržnica u Dorpatu (1880-e), ulje na furniru, 13.6 × 17.8 cm"><img alt="Oskar Hoffmann: Tržnica u Dorpatu (1880-e), ulje na furniru, 13.6 × 17.8 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tartu_turg.hoffmann.jpg/350px-Tartu_turg.hoffmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Tartu_turg.hoffmann.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="363" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 214px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Hoffmann_(slikar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Hoffmann (slikar) (stranica ne postoji)">Oskar Hoffmann</a>: Tržnica u Dorpatu (<a href="/wiki/1880e" class="mw-redirect" title="1880e">1880-e</a>), ulje na furniru, 13.6 × 17.8 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Raud_paul_-_magav_kass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Raud: Mačka koja spava (1908.), ulje na platnu"><img alt="Paul Raud: Mačka koja spava (1908.), ulje na platnu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Raud_paul_-_magav_kass.jpg/304px-Raud_paul_-_magav_kass.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Raud_paul_-_magav_kass.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 183px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Raud" title="Paul Raud">Paul Raud</a>: Mačka koja spava (<a href="/wiki/1908." class="mw-redirect" title="1908.">1908.</a>), ulje na platnu</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea,_Ants_Laikmaa,_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ants Laikmaa: Crni dječak (1910. – 1912.). ulje na platnu, 27 × 21 cm"><img alt="Ants Laikmaa: Crni dječak (1910. – 1912.). ulje na platnu, 27 × 21 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg/216px-Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg/325px-Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg/433px-Neegripoiss._Neegripoisi_pea%2C_Ants_Laikmaa%2C_EKM_j_48643_M_7113.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="640" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 124px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ants_Laikmaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ants Laikmaa (stranica ne postoji)">Ants Laikmaa</a>: Crni dječak (<a href="/wiki/1910." class="mw-redirect" title="1910.">1910.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1912." class="mw-redirect" title="1912.">1912.</a>). ulje na platnu, 27 × 21 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:M%C3%A4gi,_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Konrad Mägi: Pejzaž na Vilsandiju (1913. – 1914.), ulje na platnu, 69.5 × 94.2 cm"><img alt="Konrad Mägi: Pejzaž na Vilsandiju (1913. – 1914.), ulje na platnu, 69.5 × 94.2 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg/358px-M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg/537px-M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg/716px-M%C3%A4gi%2C_Konrad._Landscape_of_Vilsandi.1913%E2%80%921914._Tartu_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="767" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 219px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_M%C3%A4gi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrad Mägi (stranica ne postoji)">Konrad Mägi</a>: Pejzaž na Vilsandiju (<a href="/wiki/1913." class="mw-redirect" title="1913.">1913.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1914." class="mw-redirect" title="1914.">1914.</a>), ulje na platnu, 69.5 × 94.2 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kristjan Raud: Vještica i praščići (1914.), ugljen i olovka na papiru"><img alt="Kristjan Raud: Vještica i praščići (1914.), ugljen i olovka na papiru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg/374px-Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg/561px-Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg/748px-Kristjan_Raud._N%C3%B5id_ja_p%C3%B5rsad._1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1156" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 230px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kristjan_Raud" title="Kristjan Raud">Kristjan Raud</a>: Vještica i praščići (<a href="/wiki/1914." class="mw-redirect" title="1914.">1914.</a>), ugljen i olovka na papiru</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eduard_Wiiralt,_P%C3%B5rgu_(1932).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eduard Wiiralt: Pakao (1932.), bakropis, 39.4 × 46.8 cm"><img alt="Eduard Wiiralt: Pakao (1932.), bakropis, 39.4 × 46.8 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg/322px-Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg/483px-Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg/644px-Eduard_Wiiralt%2C_P%C3%B5rgu_%281932%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3859" data-file-height="3234" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 195px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Wiiralt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Wiiralt (stranica ne postoji)">Eduard Wiiralt</a>: Pakao (<a href="/wiki/1932." class="mw-redirect" title="1932.">1932.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bakropis" title="Bakropis">bakropis</a>, 39.4 × 46.8 cm</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tiit Pääsuke: Ekspozicija (1982.), ulje na platnu, 146 × 114 cm"><img alt="Tiit Pääsuke: Ekspozicija (1982.), ulje na platnu, 146 × 114 cm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg/208px-Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg/313px-Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg/417px-Ekspositsioon_-_Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="4150" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 119px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiit_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiit Pääsuke (stranica ne postoji)">Tiit Pääsuke</a>: Ekspozicija (<a href="/wiki/1982." class="mw-redirect" title="1982.">1982.</a>), ulje na platnu, 146 × 114 cm</div> </div> </li> </ul> Arhitektonska historija Estonije uglavnom je pratila arhitektonska događanja u sjevernoj Europi, a svakako najtipičniji i najvrjedniji arhitektonski spomenik je srednjovjekovni centar grada <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinna</a>, koji se nalazi na listi <a href="/wiki/Svjetska_ba%C5%A1tina" title="Svjetska baština">Svjetske baštine</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-a.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Vrijedni arhitektonski spomenici su i brojne gradine iz pretkršćanskog perioda (kao što su ostaci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utvrda_Varbola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utvrda Varbola (stranica ne postoji)">utvrde Varbola</a>), oko kojih su se s vremenom razvila neka od najvažnijih današnjih naselja.<a href="#cite_note-Miljan_2004_104-339">[339]</a> Arhitektonska historija Estonije započinje s jednostavnim seoskim šatorima i kućicama te kamenim grobnicama, nastavlja sa utvrđenim srednjovjekovnim naseljima i kulminira s originalnim seoskim kućama koje su kroz vijekove uspjele opstati u svom originalnom i prvobitnom obliku. Tipične estonske seoske kuće služile su ujedno i kao skladišta za žito, a odlikuju ih niski drveni zidovi izgrađeni od okruglih greda i visoki slamnati krovovi.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_(Tallinn)_(7644656256).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg/220px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg/330px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg/440px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_plein_air_%28Tallinn%29_%287644656256%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Tipičan primjer estonske kuće izgrađene u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_tradicionalna_arhitektura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska tradicionalna arhitektura (stranica ne postoji)">tradicionalnom stilu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Širenje kršćanstva tokom <a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijeka</a> u potpunosti je izmijenilo estonsko društvo pa samim tim i arhitekturu. S dolaskom nove religije, širom zemlje počinju se graditi brojne crkve, a zbog njihove drvene konstrukcije ni jedna od crkava iz tog perioda nije preživjela.<a href="#cite_note-Viirand_2004_9-341">[341]</a> Do današnjih dana održale su se jedino one sakralne građevine koje su bile sagrađene od čvrstog materijala i utvrđene sa svih strana, a jedan od najtipičnijih primjera takve arhitekture je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crkva_u_Valjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crkva u Valjali (stranica ne postoji)">crkva u Valjali</a> na otoku <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremi</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1227." class="mw-redirect" title="1227.">1227.</a> godine, koja se smatra najstarijom crkvenom građevinom na tlu cijele Estonije. Valjalska crkva sagrađena je u kombinaciji <a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">romanike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotike</a>. Zidari i kipari s <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotlanda</a> imali su najvažniju ulogu u ranoj crkvenoj arhitekturi na tlu Estonije. S vremenom, kako je kršćanstvo postajalo sve dominantnije, i crkvene građevine postajale su sve impozantnije, što je posebno vidljivo u crkvenoj arhitekturi sjeverne Estonije iz <a href="/wiki/15._vijek" title="15. vijek">XV. vijeka</a>. Tako je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crkva_svetog_Olafa_(Tallinn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crkva svetog Olafa (Tallinn) (stranica ne postoji)">crkva svetog Olafa</a> u Tallinnu s visinom zvonika od 124 metra tokom <a href="/wiki/16._vijek" title="16. vijek">XVI. vijeka</a> bila jedna od najviših građevina u cijeloj Europi;<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> značajna sakralna zdanja iz tog perioda još su i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katedrala_svete_Marije_(Tallinn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katedrala svete Marije (Tallinn) (stranica ne postoji)">katedrala svete Marije</a> te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crkva_Duha_svetoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crkva Duha svetoga (stranica ne postoji)">crkva Duha svetoga</a> u Tallinnu. Pored crkvene arhitekture, iz srednjovjekovnog perioda potiču i utvrđenja poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvorac_Hermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvorac Hermann (stranica ne postoji)">dvorca Hermann</a> u <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dvorac_Toompea" title="Dvorac Toompea">dvorca Toompea</a> u Tallinnu te <a href="/wiki/Zamak_Kuressaare" title="Zamak Kuressaare">Zamak Kuressaare</a> na <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremi</a>. Tokom perioda ruske vladavine, dominantni arhitektonski stilovi postaju <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barok</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">rokoko</a>, a širom zemlje, lokalna aristokracija podiže velebne i luksuzne vile. Tipičan predstavnik arhitekture iz tog perioda je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala%C4%8Da_Kadriorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palača Kadriorg (stranica ne postoji)">palača Kadriorg</a>, izgrađena po nalogu cara <a href="/wiki/Petar_Veliki" title="Petar Veliki">Petra I. Velikog</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">Neoklasicizam</a> u estonskoj arhitekturi najbolje predstavalja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradska_vije%C4%87nica_u_Tartuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradska vijećnica u Tartuu (stranica ne postoji)">zgrada gradske vijećnice u Tartuu</a> i okolne građevine iz <a href="/wiki/18._vijek" title="18. vijek">XVIII. vijeka</a>. Tokom <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a> pojavljuju se brojni eksperimentalni arhitektonski pravci, a među dominantnije stilove u Estoniji iz tog perioda spadaju arhitektonski <a href="/wiki/Eklekticizam" title="Eklekticizam">eklekticizam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neogotika" title="Neogotika">neogotika</a>. Početak <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> obilježila je <a href="/wiki/Secesija" class="mw-disambig" title="Secesija">secesija</a>, koja se u Estoniji razvila pod uticajem riške i finske secesije, a najtipičniji predstavnik secesionističke arhitekture u Estoniji bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Rosenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Rosenbaum (stranica ne postoji)">Jacques Rosenbaum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Utjecaj ruske arhitekture s kraja <a href="/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek">XIX. vijeka</a> najočitiji je u zdanju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katedrala_Aleksandra_Nevskog_(Tallinn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katedrala Aleksandra Nevskog (Tallinn) (stranica ne postoji)">katedrale Aleksandra Nevskog</a> u Tallinnu, sagrađene u pseudoruskom stilu koji predstavlja kombinaciju tradicionalne ruske i bizantske arhitekture. Tokom perioda sovjetske vlasti, arhitektonska su rješenja iznalažena u <a href="/wiki/Socrealizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrealizam">socijalističkom realizmu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brutalizam" title="Brutalizam">brutalizmu</a>, a klasičan je primjer takve arhitekture središte grada <a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Staljinisti%C4%8Dka_arhitektura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staljinistička arhitektura (stranica ne postoji)">staljinistička arhitektura</a>).<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Valjala_kirik,_2011,_regnr_21079.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crkva u Valjali (XIII. vijek)"><img alt="Crkva u Valjali (XIII. vijek)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg/173px-Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg/260px-Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg/347px-Valjala_kirik%2C_2011%2C_regnr_21079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crkva_u_Valjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crkva u Valjali (stranica ne postoji)">Crkva u Valjali</a> (<a href="/wiki/13._vijek" title="13. vijek">XIII. vijek</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dvorac Hermann (1256.)"><img alt="Dvorac Hermann (1256.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg/180px-Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg/270px-Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg/360px-Narva_asv2022-04_img09_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7659" data-file-height="5106" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvorac_Hermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvorac Hermann (stranica ne postoji)">Dvorac Hermann</a> (<a href="/wiki/1256." class="mw-redirect" title="1256.">1256.</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tallinna_Raeapteek,_14.-20.saj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raeapteek (rani XV. vijek)"><img alt="Raeapteek (rani XV. vijek)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg/180px-Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg/270px-Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg/360px-Tallinna_Raeapteek%2C_14.-20.saj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raeapteek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raeapteek (stranica ne postoji)">Raeapteek</a> (rani <a href="/wiki/15._vijek" title="15. vijek">XV. vijek</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuća Crnih glava, Tallinn (fasadu izradio Arent Passer, 1597.)"><img alt="Kuća Crnih glava, Tallinn (fasadu izradio Arent Passer, 1597.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg/180px-Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg/270px-Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg/360px-Tallinn_Schwarzhaupterhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="665" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kuća <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bratstvo_crnih_glava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bratstvo crnih glava (stranica ne postoji)">Crnih glava</a>, Tallinn (fasadu izradio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arent_Passer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arent Passer (stranica ne postoji)">Arent Passer</a>, <a href="/wiki/1597." class="mw-redirect" title="1597.">1597.</a>) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kadrioru_loss-.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palača Kadriorg (arhitekti Nicola Michetti, Gaetano Chiaveri i Mihail Zemcov) (započeta 1718.)"><img alt="Palača Kadriorg (arhitekti Nicola Michetti, Gaetano Chiaveri i Mihail Zemcov) (započeta 1718.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kadrioru_loss-.jpg/180px-Kadrioru_loss-.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kadrioru_loss-.jpg/270px-Kadrioru_loss-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kadrioru_loss-.jpg/360px-Kadrioru_loss-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala%C4%8Da_Kadriorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palača Kadriorg (stranica ne postoji)">Palača Kadriorg</a> (arhitekti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Michetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicola Michetti (stranica ne postoji)">Nicola Michetti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Chiaveri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Chiaveri (stranica ne postoji)">Gaetano Chiaveri</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_Zemcov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Zemcov (stranica ne postoji)">Mihail Zemcov</a>) (započeta <a href="/wiki/1718." class="mw-redirect" title="1718.">1718.</a>) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glavna zgrada Univerziteta u Tartuu (arhitekt Johann Wilhelm Krause)(1803-1809)"><img alt="Glavna zgrada Univerziteta u Tartuu (arhitekt Johann Wilhelm Krause)(1803-1809)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg/180px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg/270px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg/360px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img21_University_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6682" data-file-height="3759" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glavna zgrada <a href="/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Tartuu" title="Univerzitet u Tartuu">Univerziteta u Tartuu</a> (arhitekt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wilhelm_Krause_(arhitekt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wilhelm Krause (arhitekt) (stranica ne postoji)">Johann Wilhelm Krause</a>)(1803-1809)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:House_on_Pikk_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secesijsko pročelje u Tallinnu (arhitekt Jacques Rosenbaum, dovršena 1910.)"><img alt="Secesijsko pročelje u Tallinnu (arhitekt Jacques Rosenbaum, dovršena 1910.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/House_on_Pikk_18.jpg/118px-House_on_Pikk_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/House_on_Pikk_18.jpg/177px-House_on_Pikk_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/House_on_Pikk_18.jpg/236px-House_on_Pikk_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Secesija" class="mw-disambig" title="Secesija">Secesijsko</a> pročelje u Tallinnu (arhitekt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Rosenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Rosenbaum (stranica ne postoji)">Jacques Rosenbaum</a>, dovršena <a href="/wiki/1910." class="mw-redirect" title="1910.">1910.</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tolstoi_2,_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Socrealistička zgrada u Sillamäi (sredina XX. vijeka)"><img alt="Socrealistička zgrada u Sillamäi (sredina XX. vijeka)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg/180px-Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg/270px-Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg/360px-Tolstoi_2%2C_Sillam%C3%A4e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="1879" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Socrealizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrealizam">Socrealistička</a> zgrada u <a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäi</a> (sredina <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scenska_umjetnost">Scenska umjetnost</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Uredi odjeljak Scenska umjetnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=46" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Scenska umjetnost">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članci: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatar_u_Estoniji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatar u Estoniji (stranica ne postoji)">Teatar u Estoniji</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonska_kinematografija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonska kinematografija (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska kinematografija</a></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/250px--Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="187" data-durationhint="87" data-mwtitle="Karujaht_Pärnumaal_1914.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Datoteka:Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="322" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="322" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="321" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karujaht Pärnumaal (stranica ne postoji)">Karujaht Pärnumaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Lov na medvjede u Pärnumi) iz <a href="/wiki/1914." class="mw-redirect" title="1914.">1914.</a> godine bio je prvi estonski igrani film.</figcaption></figure> Osnivanje amaterskog teatra u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> <a href="/wiki/1784." class="mw-redirect" title="1784.">1784.</a> godine od strane dramaturga <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_von_Kotzebue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August von Kotzebue (stranica ne postoji)">Augusta von Kotzebuea</a> smatra se datumom osnivanja teatarske scene u Estoniji. U tom periodu, većinu predstava činile su komedije koje su se izvodile isključivo za malobrojnu njemačku plemićku elitu koja je vladala gradovima. Prva profesionalna teatarska grupa osnovana je <a href="/wiki/1809." class="mw-redirect" title="1809.">1809.</a> godine, a njen repertoar uglavnom su činili komadi na <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemačkom jeziku</a>, iako su se u pojedinim prilikama izvodile i predstave na estonskom i ruskom jeziku.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Prvi isključivo estonski teatar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanemuine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanemuine (stranica ne postoji)">Vanemuine</a>, osnovan je tek <a href="/wiki/1865." class="mw-redirect" title="1865.">1865.</a> godine u gradu <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a>, a pet godina kasnije, teatarska grupa iz ovog grada izvela je prvi izvorno estonski pozorišni komad, komediju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saaremaa_onupoeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saaremaa onupoeg (stranica ne postoji)">Saaremaa onupoeg</a> koju je napisala <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Koidula" title="Lydia Koidula">Lydia Koidula</a>. Teatar iz Tartua <a href="/wiki/1906." class="mw-redirect" title="1906.">1906.</a> je godine dobio vlastitu zgradu, a početkom prošlog vijeka u njemu se počinju prikazivati komadi nastali po djelima stranih autora, poput <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrika Ibsena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerharta Hauptmanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki">Maksima Gorkog</a>, ali i domaćih autora <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Kitzberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Kitzberg (stranica ne postoji)">Augusta Kitzberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Luts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Luts (stranica ne postoji)">Oskara Lutsa</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Vilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Vilde (stranica ne postoji)">Eduarda Vildea</a>. Najveća teatarska ustanova u zemlji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonski_teatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonski teatar (stranica ne postoji)">Estonski teatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Estonia teatrihoone) u Tallinnu, osnovan <a href="/wiki/1913." class="mw-redirect" title="1913.">1913.</a> godine. U to vrijeme, bila je to najveća građevina u Tallinnu. Filmska industrija u Estoniji službeno je počela sa radom <a href="/wiki/1896." class="mw-redirect" title="1896.">1896.</a> godine, kada su u Tallinnu snimljeni prvi "pokretni snimci",<a href="#cite_note-EE-346">[346]</a> a nekoliko godina kasnije – <a href="/wiki/1908." class="mw-redirect" title="1908.">1908.</a> godine – u istom gradu otvoreno je i prvo kino (godinu dana kasnije otvoreno je i kino u <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnuu</a>).<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Iste godine snimljen je i prvi dokumentarac u formi <a href="/wiki/Filmske_novosti" title="Filmske novosti">filmske novosti</a>, a odnosio se na posjetu švedskog kralja <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V_od_%C5%A0vedske" title="Gustaf V od Švedske">Gustafa V.</a> Tallinnu.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Prvi filmski studio osnovao je <a href="/wiki/1912." class="mw-redirect" title="1912.">1912.</a> u Tartuu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Pääsuke (stranica ne postoji)">Johannes Pääsuke</a> (Estonia Film Tartus), gdje je snimljen je i ranije navedeni dokumentarni film. Dvije godine kasnije, Pääsuke je snimio i svoj drugi film, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karujaht Pärnumaal (stranica ne postoji)">Karujaht Pärnumaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Lov na medvjede u Pärnumi), koji je postao prvi estonski igrani film. Pääsuke, koji se smatra ocem estonske kinematografije, snimao je dokumentarne i kratkometražne filmove o estonskoj prirodi, a u Estonskom filmskom arhivu do danas je sačuvano ukupno osam njegovih radova. Prvi dugometražni film, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineviku_varjud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineviku varjud (stranica ne postoji)">Mineviku varjud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Sjenke prošlosti), snimljen je <a href="/wiki/1924." class="mw-redirect" title="1924.">1924.</a> godine u režiji <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_M%C3%A4rska" title="Konstantin Märska">Konstantina Märske</a>. Nijemi film <a href="/wiki/Noored_kotkad" title="Noored kotkad">Noored kotkad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Mladi orlovi) <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Luts" title="Theodor Luts">Theodora Lutsa</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1927." class="mw-redirect" title="1927.">1927.</a> godine uglavnom se smatra prekretnicom i prvim ozbiljnim filmom u historiji estonske kinematografije (film ima ratnu tematiku i bavi se <a href="/wiki/Estonski_rat_za_nezavisnost" title="Estonski rat za nezavisnost">Estonskim ratom za nezavisnost</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Connor-349">[349]</a> Prvi zvučni film (<a href="/wiki/Kuld%C3%A4mblik" title="Kuldämblik">Kuldämblik</a>) snimljen je <a href="/wiki/1930." class="mw-redirect" title="1930.">1930.</a> godine. Možda i najveće ostvarenje estonske kinematografije <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a> bio je film <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viimne_reliikvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viimne reliikvia (stranica ne postoji)">Viimne reliikvia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Posljednja relikvija) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigori_Kromanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigori Kromanov (stranica ne postoji)">Grigorija Kromanova</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1969." class="mw-redirect" title="1969.">1969.</a> godine. Film predstavlja ekranizaciju historijskog romana <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%BCrst_Gabriel_ehk_Pirita_kloostri_viimsed_p%C3%A4evad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vürst Gabriel ehk Pirita kloostri viimsed päevad (stranica ne postoji)">Vürst Gabriel ehk Pirita kloostri viimsed päevad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski" class="mw-redirect" title="Srpskohrvatski">srpskohrvatski</a>: Princ Gabriel i posljednji dani Piritskog manastira) estonskog književnika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Bornh%C3%B6he&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Bornhöhe (stranica ne postoji)">Eduarda Bornhöhea</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1997." class="mw-redirect" title="1997.">1997.</a>, na inicijativu Ministarstva kulture Estonije, osnovana je Estonska filmska fondacija (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Filmi Sihtasutus). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_Televisioon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Televisioon (stranica ne postoji)">Estonska televizija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonski">estonski</a>: Eesti Televisioon, ETV) službeno je počela s emitiranjem <a href="/wiki/19._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="19. srpnja">19. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1955." class="mw-redirect" title="1955.">1955.</a> godine i najstarija je televizijska kuća u Estoniji. ETV je postala punopravnom članicom <a href="/wiki/EBU" class="mw-redirect" title="EBU">EBU</a>-a <a href="/wiki/1._sije%C4%8Dnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. siječnja">1. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1993." class="mw-redirect" title="1993.">1993.</a> godine. Zaključno s <a href="/wiki/1._srpnja" class="mw-redirect" title="1. srpnja">1. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/2010." class="mw-redirect" title="2010.">2010.</a> godine, Estonija je prešla na digitalno emitiranje signala na teritoriju cijele zemlje. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Uredi odjeljak Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=47" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sport">uredi kod</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_u_Estoniji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport u Estoniji (stranica ne postoji)">Sport u Estoniji</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg/220px-J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg/330px-J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg/440px-J%C3%BCri_Lossmann_and_Hannes_Kolehmainen_1920_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Estonski maratonac <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCri_Lossmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jüri Lossmann (stranica ne postoji)">Jüri Lossmann</a> (lijevo) osvojio je srebrnu medalju na <a href="/wiki/Olimpijada_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpijada 1920">Igrama</a> u <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpenu</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> godine, što je bio prvi nastup Estonije na Olimpijskim igrama. Na slici je i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannes_Kolehmainen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannes Kolehmainen (stranica ne postoji)">Hannes Kolehmainen</a> (desno), <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">finski</a> maratonac koji je te godine osvojio zlatnu medalju. Razlika među njima bila tek nešto više od 12 sekundi u korist Kolehmainena.</figcaption></figure> Sport je važan dio estonske kulture i estonskog života. Debitantski nastup na <a href="/wiki/Olimpijske_igre" title="Olimpijske igre">Ljetnim olimpijskim igrama</a> sportaši iz Estonije ostvarili su na <a href="/wiki/Olimpijada_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpijada 1920">Igrama</a> u <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpenu</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." class="mw-redirect" title="1920.">1920.</a> godine, iako je Estonski olimpijski odbor osnovan tek <a href="/wiki/1923." class="mw-redirect" title="1923.">1923.</a> godine. Estoniju je na Igrama u Antwerpenu predstavljalo 13 sportaša koji su se natjecali u tri sporta (u <a href="/wiki/Dizanje_utega" title="Dizanje utega">dizanju utega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atletika" title="Atletika">atletici</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hrvanje" title="Hrvanje">hrvanju</a>), a prvu zlatnu olimpijsku medalju za Estoniju u historiji osvojio je dizač utega <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Neuland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Neuland (stranica ne postoji)">Alfred Neuland</a>. Najuspješniji estonski sportaš koji je sudjelovao na Olimpijskim igrama bio je hrvač Kristjan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristjan_Palusalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristjan Palusalu (stranica ne postoji)">Kristjan Palusalu</a>, koji je na <a href="/wiki/Olimpijada_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpijada 1936">Igrama 1936.</a> godine u <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinu</a> osvojio dvije zlatne medalje u najtežoj hrvačkoj kategoriji, u obje discipline. Palusalu je tako postao prvi i zasad jedini hrvač koji je na jednim olimpijskim igrama osvojio zlatne medalje i u grčko-rimskom i u slobodnom stilu hrvanja.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> Na <a href="/wiki/Zimska_Olimpijada" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimska Olimpijada">Zimskim olimpijskim igrama</a>, estonski su sportaši debitirali na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimske_olimpijske_igre_1928&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimske olimpijske igre 1928 (stranica ne postoji)">Igrama 1928.</a> u <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritzu</a> <a href="/wiki/1928." class="mw-redirect" title="1928.">1928.</a> godine; naime, iako se estonska zastava službeno zavijorila na ceremoniji otvaranja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimske_olimpijske_igre_1924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimske olimpijske igre 1924 (stranica ne postoji)">Zimskih igara 1924.</a> godine u <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamonix">Chamonixu</a>, Estonija nije sudjelovala na ovim igrama pošto je njihov jedini predstavnik, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brzo_klizanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brzo klizanje (stranica ne postoji)">brzoklizač</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christfried_Burmeister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christfried Burmeister (stranica ne postoji)">Christfried Burmeister</a> odustao od natjecanja prije njegovog početka. Najuspješnija estonska sportašica na Zimskim olimpijskim igrama je reprezentativka u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordijsko_skijanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordijsko skijanje (stranica ne postoji)">nordijskom skijanju</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristina_%C5%A0migun-V%C3%A4hi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristina Šmigun-Vähi (stranica ne postoji)">Kristina Šmigun-Vähi</a>, sa dvije zlatne i jednom srebrnom medaljom. Nakon sovjetske aneksije zemlje, estonski sportaši natjecali su se kao dio sovjetske reprezentacije (od <a href="/wiki/1952." class="mw-redirect" title="1952.">1952.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1988." class="mw-redirect" title="1988.">1988.</a>), a kao nezavisna se zemlja na međunarodnu scenu ponovo vraćaju <a href="/wiki/1991." class="mw-redirect" title="1991.">1991.</a> godine. Najuspješniji olimpijski sportovi u Estoniji su <a href="/wiki/Atletika" title="Atletika">atletika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizanje_utega" title="Dizanje utega">dizanje utega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrvanje" title="Hrvanje">hrvanje</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordijsko_skijanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordijsko skijanje (stranica ne postoji)">nordijsko skijanje</a>. Grad <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> bio je domaćin olimpijske regate u jedrenju tokom <a href="/wiki/Olimpijada_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpijada 1980">Olimpijskih igara 1980.</a> u <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvi</a>. Najpopularniji ekipni sportovi u zemlji su <a href="/wiki/Nogomet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nogomet">nogomet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1arka" title="Košarka">košarka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odbojka" title="Odbojka">odbojka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hokej_na_ledu" title="Hokej na ledu">hokej na ledu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fudbalska_ili_nogometna_reprezentacija_Estonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Fudbalska ili nogometna reprezentacija Estonije">Nogometna reprezentacija</a> najveći je uspjeh na međunarodnoj sceni ostvarila u kvalifikacijama za <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012." title="UEFA Euro 2012.">UEFA Euro 2012.</a>, kada se uspjela plasirati u doigravanje (ali je izgubila od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fudbalska_ili_nogometna_reprezentacija_Irske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fudbalska ili nogometna reprezentacija Irske (stranica ne postoji)">Irske</a> i nije se plasirala na završni turnir). Najuspješniji nogometni klubovi u zemlji s deset, odnosno 19 nacionalnih titula su <a href="/w/index.php?title=FC_Flora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FC Flora (stranica ne postoji)">Flora</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=FCI_Levadia_Tallinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FCI Levadia Tallinn (stranica ne postoji)">Levadia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1arka%C5%A1ka_reprezentacija_Estonije" title="Košarkaška reprezentacija Estonije">Muška košarkaška reprezentacija</a> sudjelovala je na <a href="/wiki/Olimpijada_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpijada 1936">Olimpijskim igrama 1936.</a> (zauzela 9. mjesto) i na ukupno pet europskih prvenstava. Hokej na ledu u Estoniji počeo se razvijati početkom tridesetih godina <a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">XX. vijeka</a>, a prvi amaterski klubovi osnovani su u <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartuu</a>. Ubrzo je osnovan i nacionalni hokejaški savez, koji postaje punopravnim članom Međunarodne hokejaške federacije <a href="/wiki/17._velja%C4%8De" class="mw-redirect" title="17. veljače">17. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1935." class="mw-redirect" title="1935.">1935.</a> godine. Savez ostaje članom <a href="/w/index.php?title=IIHF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IIHF (stranica ne postoji)">IIHF</a>-a sve do <a href="/wiki/27._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="27. travnja">27. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1946." class="mw-redirect" title="1946.">1946.</a> godine, kada je Estonija ušla u sastav <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskog Saveza</a>, a sve ingerencije u vezi s hokejom na ledu s republičkih prenesene su na savezni nivo. Djelovanje estonskog saveza ponovo je pokrenuto <a href="/wiki/4._svibnja" class="mw-redirect" title="4. svibnja">4. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1992." class="mw-redirect" title="1992.">1992.</a> godine. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keres" title="Paul Keres">Paul Keres</a> je u periodu od <a href="/wiki/1930e" class="mw-redirect" title="1930e">1930-ih</a> do <a href="/wiki/1960e" class="mw-redirect" title="1960e">1960-ih</a> bio jedan od najboljih estonskih i sovjetskih <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ah" title="Šah">šahista</a>. Među najuspješnije estonske sportaše ubrajaju se i atletičari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erki_Nool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erki Nool (stranica ne postoji)">Erki Nool</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_Kanter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Kanter (stranica ne postoji)">Gerd Kanter</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Tammert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksander Tammert (stranica ne postoji)">Aleksander Tammert</a>. Najuspješnije estonske tenisačice su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaia_Kanepi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaia Kanepi (stranica ne postoji)">Kaia Kanepi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anett_Kontaveit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anett Kontaveit (stranica ne postoji)">Anett Kontaveit</a>. Od ostalih značajnijih sportaša, tu su još i hrvači <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kotkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Kotkas (stranica ne postoji)">Johannes Kotkas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voldemar_V%C3%A4li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voldemar Väli (stranica ne postoji)">Voldemar Väli</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Lurich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Lurich (stranica ne postoji)">Georg Lurich</a>, skijaš <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrus_Veerpalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrus Veerpalu (stranica ne postoji)">Andrus Veerpalu</a>, dizač utega <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Talts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Talts (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Talts</a>, mačevalac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Novosjolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Novosjolov (stranica ne postoji)">Nikolai Novosjolov</a> i biciklisti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Kirsipuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Kirsipuu (stranica ne postoji)">Jaan Kirsipuu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erika_Salum%C3%A4e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erika Salumäe (stranica ne postoji)">Erika Salumäe</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=48" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div style="height: 355px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px;text-align: left; border: 1px solid #000000;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721204649/http://www.eesti.ee/eng/riik/eesti_vabariik/">„Estonian Republic”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eesti.ee/eng/riik/eesti_vabariik/">originala</a> na datum 21 July 2011. Pristupljeno 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Republic&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110721204649%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eesti.ee%2Feng%2Friik%2Feesti_vabariik%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> . Official website of the Republic of Estonia (in Estonian) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Matthew Holehouse <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/estonia/11830643/Estonia-discovers-800-new-islands.html">Estonia discovers it's actually larger after finding 800 new islands</a> The Telegraph, 28 August 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-ERR_20190607-3"><a href="#cite_ref-ERR_20190607_3-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/950290/gallery-estonia-gains-non-permanent-un-security-council-seat">„Gallery: Estonia gains non-permanent UN Security Council seat”</a>. ERR News (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling (stranica ne postoji)">ERR</a>). 7 June 2019. Pristupljeno 7 June 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gallery%3A+Estonia+gains+non-permanent+UN+Security+Council+seat&rft.jtitle=ERR+News&rft.date=7+June+2019&rft.pub=%5B%5BEesti+Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling%7CERR%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F950290%2Fgallery-estonia-gains-non-permanent-un-security-council-seat&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230137/http://www.globalpolitician.com/2614-baltic-eu-expansion-estonia">„Estonian Economic Miracle: A Model For Developing Countries”</a>. Global Politician. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpolitician.com/2614-baltic-eu-expansion-estonia">originala</a> na datum 28 June 2011. Pristupljeno 5 June 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estonian+Economic+Miracle%3A+A+Model+For+Developing+Countries&rft.jtitle=Global+Politician&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110628230137%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpolitician.com%2F2614-baltic-eu-expansion-estonia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-5"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_5-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf">„2015 Human Development Report”</a>. United Nations Development Programme. 2015. Pristupljeno 14 December 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=2015+Human+Development+Report&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815210528/https://www.yahoo.com/news/asian-countries-dominate-science-teaching-criticised-survey-101202488.html">„Asian countries dominate, science teaching criticised in survey”</a>. Yahoo. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/asian-countries-dominate-science-teaching-criticised-survey-101202488.html">originala</a> na datum 2020-08-15. Pristupljeno 2020-08-31.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Asian+countries+dominate%2C+science+teaching+criticised+in+survey&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Yahoo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200815210528%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-countries-dominate-science-teaching-criticised-survey-101202488.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/ranking">„Press Freedom Index 2016”</a>. Reports Without Borders. Pristupljeno 29 May 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Press+Freedom+Index+2016&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Reports+Without+Borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Franking&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/comparing-performance-of-universal-health-care-countries-2016.pdf">Comparing Performance of Universal Health Care Countries, 2016</a> Fraser Institute </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/estonia/Education-Policy-Outlook-Country-Profile-Estonia.pdf">Estonia</a> OECD 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/10/daily-chart-10">„Which countries are most generous to new parents?”</a>. The Economist. Pristupljeno 28 October 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Which+countries+are+most+generous+to+new+parents%3F&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fgraphicdetail%2F2016%2F10%2Fdaily-chart-10&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> . </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/digital-estonia">„Welcome to E-stonia, the world's most digitally advanced society”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wired_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wired (magazine) (stranica ne postoji)">Wired</a>. Pristupljeno 20 October 2018.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+E-stonia%2C+the+world%27s+most+digitally+advanced+society&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWired+%28magazine%29%7CWired%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdigital-estonia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> Mägi, Marika (2018). In Austrvegr: The Role of the Eastern Baltic in Viking Age Communication across the Baltic Sea. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>. str. 144–145. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789004363816" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789004363816">9789004363816</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+%27%27Austrvegr%27%27%3A+The+Role+of+the+Eastern+Baltic+in+Viking+Age+Communication+across+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4gi&rft.aufirst=Marika&rft.au=M%C3%A4gi%2C%26%2332%3BMarika&rft.date=2018&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B144%E2%80%93145&rft.pub=%5B%5BBrill+Publishers%7CBRILL%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9789004363816&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Tvauri, Andres (2012). Laneman, Margot. ur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG">The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tartu University (stranica ne postoji)">Tartu University Press</a>. str. 31. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789949199365" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789949199365">9789949199365</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1736-3810">1736-3810</a>. Pristupljeno 21 January 2020.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Migration+Period%2C+Pre-Viking+Age%2C+and+Viking+Age+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Tvauri&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Tvauri%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B31&rft.pub=%5B%5BTartu+University%7CTartu+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9789949199365&rft.issn=1736-3810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etis.ee%2FPortal%2FPublications%2FDisplay%2Fb80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5%3Flanguage%3DENG&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Mägi, Marika (2018). In Austrvegr: The Role of the Eastern Baltic in Viking Age Communication across the Baltic Sea. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>. str. 144. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789004363816" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789004363816">9789004363816</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+%27%27Austrvegr%27%27%3A+The+Role+of+the+Eastern+Baltic+in+Viking+Age+Communication+across+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4gi&rft.aufirst=Marika&rft.au=M%C3%A4gi%2C%26%2332%3BMarika&rft.date=2018&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B144&rft.pub=%5B%5BBrill+Publishers%7CBRILL%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9789004363816&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Laurisaar-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Laurisaar_15-0">15,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laurisaar_15-1">15,1</a> Laurisaar, Riho (31 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epl.delfi.ee/news/kultuur/arheoloogid-lammutavad-ajalooopikute-arusaamu?id=50989575">„Arheoloogid lammutavad ajalooõpikute arusaamu”</a> (estonski). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_P%C3%A4evaleht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Päevaleht (stranica ne postoji)">Eesti Päevaleht</a>. Pristupljeno 1 November 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arheoloogid+lammutavad+ajaloo%C3%B5pikute+arusaamu&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Laurisaar&rft.aufirst=Riho&rft.au=Laurisaar%2C%26%2332%3BRiho&rft.date=31+July+2004&rft.pub=%5B%5BEesti+P%C3%A4evaleht%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepl.delfi.ee%2Fnews%2Fkultuur%2Farheoloogid-lammutavad-ajalooopikute-arusaamu%3Fid%3D50989575&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B23&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 24. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B24&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B26&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Selirand, Jüri; Tõnisson, Evald (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mu9KAAAAMAAJ">Through past millennia: archaeological discoveries in Estonia</a>. Perioodika.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+past+millennia%3A+archaeological+discoveries+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Selirand&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCri&rft.au=Selirand%2C%26%2332%3BJ%C3%BCri&rft.au=T%C3%B5nisson%2C%26%2332%3BEvald&rft.date=1984&rft.pub=Perioodika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmu9KAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 4. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B4&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B5&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 28. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B28&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Frucht, Richard C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/68">Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/68">68</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft.au=Frucht%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+C.&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F68+68%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F68&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Faure, Gunter; Mensing, Teresa (2012). The Estonians; The long road to independence. Lulu.com. str. 27. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781105530036" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781105530036">9781105530036</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Estonians%3B+The+long+road+to+independence&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=Gunter&rft.au=Faure%2C%26%2332%3BGunter&rft.au=Mensing%2C%26%2332%3BTeresa&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B27&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.isbn=9781105530036&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> Tvauri, Andres (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG">The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia</a>. str. 33, 34, 59, 60. Pristupljeno 27 December 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Migration+Period%2C+Pre-Viking+Age%2C+and+Viking+Age+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Tvauri&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Tvauri%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B33%2C+34%2C+59%2C+60&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etis.ee%2FPortal%2FPublications%2FDisplay%2Fb80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5%3Flanguage%3DENG&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Mäesalu, Ain (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirj.ee/public/Archaeology/2012/sup_vol_1/arhe-keava-2012-195-200.pdf">„Could Kedipiv in East-Slavonic Chronicles be Keava hill fort?”</a>. Estonian Journal of Archaeology 1 (16supplser): 199. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3176%2Farch.2012.supv1.11">10.3176/arch.2012.supv1.11</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1406-2933">1406-2933</a>. Pristupljeno 27 December 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Could+Kedipiv+in+East-Slavonic+Chronicles+be+Keava+hill+fort%3F&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4esalu&rft.aufirst=Ain&rft.au=M%C3%A4esalu%2C%26%2332%3BAin&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=16supplser&rft.pages=199&rft_id=info:doi/10.3176%2Farch.2012.supv1.11&rft.issn=1406-2933&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirj.ee%2Fpublic%2FArchaeology%2F2012%2Fsup_vol_1%2Farhe-keava-2012-195-200.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B9&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 12. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B12&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 9–11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B9%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarvel-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Tarvel_30-0">↑</a> Enn Tarvel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridus.opleht.ee/Arhiiv/7_82007/38-41.pdf">Sigtuna hukkumine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011191449/http://haridus.opleht.ee/Arhiiv/7_82007/38-41.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2017-10-11 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Haridus, 2007 (7–8), pp. 38–41 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> Tvauri, Andres (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG">The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia</a>. str. 322–325. Pristupljeno 19 December 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Migration+Period%2C+Pre-Viking+Age%2C+and+Viking+Age+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Tvauri&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Tvauri%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B322%E2%80%93325&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etis.ee%2FPortal%2FPublications%2FDisplay%2Fb80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5%3Flanguage%3DENG&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Magi2015-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Magi2015_32-0">32,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magi2015_32-1">32,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magi2015_32-2">32,2</a> Mägi, Marika (2015). „Chapter 4. Bound for the Eastern Baltic: Trade and Centres AD 800–1200”. Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World. Maney Publishing. str. 45–46. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-909662-79-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-909662-79-7">978-1-909662-79-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+4.+Bound+for+the+Eastern+Baltic%3A+Trade+and+Centres+AD+800%E2%80%931200&rft.atitle=Maritime+Societies+of+the+Viking+and+Medieval+World&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4gi&rft.aufirst=Marika&rft.au=M%C3%A4gi%2C%26%2332%3BMarika&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B45%E2%80%9346&rft.pub=Maney+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-909662-79-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Martens, Irmelin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.138785.1371480692!/menu/standard/file/martens.pdf">„Indigenous and imported Viking Age weapons in Norway – a problem with European implications”</a>. Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science 14: 132–135. Pristupljeno 19 December 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indigenous+and+imported+Viking+Age+weapons+in+Norway+%E2%80%93+a+problem+with+European+implications&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nordic+Archaeological+Science&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=Irmelin&rft.au=Martens%2C%26%2332%3BIrmelin&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=132%E2%80%93135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.su.se%2Fpolopoly_fs%2F1.138785.1371480692%21%2Fmenu%2Fstandard%2Ffile%2Fmartens.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 4. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B4&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (Estonian). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 227. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B227&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B7&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> Laurisaar, Riho (29 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epl.delfi.ee/news/kultuur/kes-oli-saarlaste-suurjumal-taarapita?id=51037692">„Arheoloogid lammutavad ajalooõpikute arusaamu”</a> (Estonian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_P%C3%A4evaleht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Päevaleht (stranica ne postoji)">Eesti Päevaleht</a>. Pristupljeno 4 November 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arheoloogid+lammutavad+ajaloo%C3%B5pikute+arusaamu&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Laurisaar&rft.aufirst=Riho&rft.au=Laurisaar%2C%26%2332%3BRiho&rft.date=29+April+2006&rft.pub=%5B%5BEesti+P%C3%A4evaleht%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepl.delfi.ee%2Fnews%2Fkultuur%2Fkes-oli-saarlaste-suurjumal-taarapita%3Fid%3D51037692&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Tyerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Tyerman (stranica ne postoji)">Tyerman, Christopher</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer/page/690">God's War: A New History of the Crusades</a>. Harvard University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer/page/690">690</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780674023871" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780674023871">9780674023871</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+War%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.aulast=Tyerman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Tyerman%2C%26%2332%3BChristopher&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodswarnewhistor00tyer%2Fpage%2F690+690%5D&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780674023871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodswarnewhistor00tyer%2Fpage%2F690&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 14. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B14&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (Estonian). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 278. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B278&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 15. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780230364509" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780230364509">9780230364509</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B15&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=9780230364509&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (Estonian). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 279. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B279&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Plakans, Andrejs (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000plak">A Concise History of the Baltic States</a>. Cambridge University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000plak/page/54">54</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780521833721" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780521833721">9780521833721</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=Plakans&rft.aufirst=Andrejs&rft.au=Plakans%2C%26%2332%3BAndrejs&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof0000plak%2Fpage%2F54+54%5D&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780521833721&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof0000plak&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> O'Connor, Kevin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000ocon">Culture and Customs of the Baltic States</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000ocon/page/9">9</a>–10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780313331251" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780313331251">9780313331251</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C%26%2332%3BKevin&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000ocon%2Fpage%2F9+9%5D%E2%80%9310&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=9780313331251&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000ocon&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 20. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B20&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> O'Connor, Kevin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000ocon">Culture and Customs of the Baltic States</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000ocon/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780313331251" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780313331251">9780313331251</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C%26%2332%3BKevin&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000ocon%2Fpage%2F10+10%5D&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=9780313331251&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000ocon&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> Pekomäe, Vello (1986) (Swedish). Estland genom tiderna. Stockholm: VÄLIS-EESTI & EMP. str. 319. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/91-86116-47-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/91-86116-47-9">91-86116-47-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estland+genom+tiderna&rft.aulast=Pekom%C3%A4e&rft.aufirst=Vello&rft.au=Pekom%C3%A4e%2C%26%2332%3BVello&rft.date=1986&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B319&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=V%C3%84LIS-EESTI+%26+EMP&rft.isbn=91-86116-47-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> Jokipii, Mauno (1992). Jokipii, Mauno. ur (Swedish). Baltisk kultur och historia. str. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789134512078" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789134512078">9789134512078</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltisk+kultur+och+historia&rft.aulast=Jokipii&rft.aufirst=Mauno&rft.au=Jokipii%2C%26%2332%3BMauno&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B22%E2%80%9323&rft.isbn=9789134512078&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 441. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780810875135" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780810875135">9780810875135</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B441&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=9780810875135&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> Frucht, Richard C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/100">Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture, Volume 1</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture%2C+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft.au=Frucht%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+C.&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F100+100%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> Frost, Robert I. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernwarswars0000fros">The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 – 1721</a>. Routledge. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernwarswars0000fros/page/305">305</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781317898573" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781317898573">9781317898573</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Wars%3A+War%2C+State+and+Society+in+Northeastern+Europe%2C+1558+%E2%80%93+1721&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert+I.&rft.au=Frost%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+I.&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernwarswars0000fros%2Fpage%2F305+305%5D&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781317898573&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernwarswars0000fros&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-VLM-52"><a href="#cite_ref-VLM_52-0">↑</a> Raudkivi, Priit (2007) (Estonian). Vana-Liivimaa maapäev. Argo. str. 118–119. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9949-415-84-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9949-415-84-7">978-9949-415-84-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vana-Liivimaa+maap%C3%A4ev&rft.aulast=Raudkivi&rft.aufirst=Priit&rft.au=Raudkivi%2C%26%2332%3BPriit&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B118%E2%80%93119&rft.pub=Argo&rft.isbn=978-9949-415-84-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> Mol, Johannes A.; Militzer, Klaus; Nicholson, Helen J. (2006). The Military Orders and the Reformation: Choices, State Building, and the Weight of Tradition. Uitgeverij Verloren. str. 5–6. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789065509130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789065509130">9789065509130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Orders+and+the+Reformation%3A+Choices%2C+State+Building%2C+and+the+Weight+of+Tradition&rft.aulast=Mol&rft.aufirst=Johannes+A.&rft.au=Mol%2C%26%2332%3BJohannes+A.&rft.au=Militzer%2C%26%2332%3BKlaus&rft.au=Nicholson%2C%26%2332%3BHelen+J.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B5%E2%80%936&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Verloren&rft.isbn=9789065509130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Frucht121-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Frucht121_54-0">54,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frucht121_54-1">54,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frucht121_54-2">54,2</a> Frucht, Richard C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/121">Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture, Volume 1</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/121">121</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture%2C+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft.au=Frucht%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+C.&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F121+121%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F121&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> O'Connor, Kevin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbaltics0000ocon">The History of the Baltic States</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbaltics0000ocon/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780313323553" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780313323553">9780313323553</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C%26%2332%3BKevin&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbaltics0000ocon%2Fpage%2F25+25%5D&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=9780313323553&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbaltics0000ocon&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 24. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B24&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoover_Press-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoover_Press_57-0">57,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoover_Press_57-1">57,1</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 25. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B25&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> Stone, David R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo0000ston">A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo0000ston/page/14">14</a>–18. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780275985028" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780275985028">9780275985028</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+Russia%3A+From+Ivan+the+Terrible+to+the+War+in+Chechnya&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Stone%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+R.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilitaryhistoryo0000ston%2Fpage%2F14+14%5D%E2%80%9318&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=9780275985028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilitaryhistoryo0000ston&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 28–29. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B28%E2%80%9329&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 28. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B28&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Frost, Robert I. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernwarswars0000fros">The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 – 1721</a>. Routledge. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernwarswars0000fros/page/77">77</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781317898573" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781317898573">9781317898573</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Wars%3A+War%2C+State+and+Society+in+Northeastern+Europe%2C+1558+%E2%80%93+1721&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert+I.&rft.au=Frost%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+I.&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernwarswars0000fros%2Fpage%2F77+77%5D&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781317898573&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernwarswars0000fros&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Williams, Nicola; Herrmann, Debra; Kemp, Cathryn (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonialatvialit0000will">Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania</a>. University of Michigan. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonialatvialit0000will/page/190">190</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-74059-132-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-74059-132-1">1-74059-132-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%2C+Latvia+%26+Lithuania&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Williams%2C%26%2332%3BNicola&rft.au=Herrmann%2C%26%2332%3BDebra&rft.au=Kemp%2C%26%2332%3BCathryn&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonialatvialit0000will%2Fpage%2F190+190%5D&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.isbn=1-74059-132-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonialatvialit0000will&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (Estonian). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eestiüld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 283. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B283&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 32–33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B32%E2%80%9333&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 31. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B31&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B33&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 34. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B34&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 38. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B38&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B41&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 47–49. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B47%E2%80%9349&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EE286-71"><a href="#cite_ref-EE286_71-0">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (Estonian). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 286. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B286&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 90. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B90&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence. Rodopi. str. 91. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9042008903" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9042008903">9042008903</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Identity+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.au=Subrenat%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Jacques&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B91&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=9042008903&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CoE-74"><a href="#cite_ref-CoE_74-0">↑</a> Cultural Policy in Estonia. Council of Europe. 1997. str. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789287131652" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789287131652">9789287131652</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Policy+in+Estonia&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B23&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.isbn=9789287131652&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Raun59-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Raun59_75-0">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 59. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B59&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (1984) The Revolution of 1905 in the Baltic Provinces and Finland. <a href="/wiki/Slavic_Review" title="Slavic Review">Slavic Review</a> 43.3, 453–467. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> Calvert, Peter (1987). The Process of Political Succession. Springer. str. 67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781349089789" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781349089789">9781349089789</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Process+of+Political+Succession&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Calvert%2C%26%2332%3BPeter&rft.date=1987&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B67&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=9781349089789&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> Maesalu, Lukas, Lauer, Pajur and Tannberg (2002). History of Estonia. AS BIT. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9985-2-0606-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9985-2-0606-5">978-9985-2-0606-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Maesalu%2C+Lukas%2C+Lauer%2C+Pajur+and+Tannberg&rft.au=Maesalu%2C+Lukas%2C+Lauer%2C+Pajur+and+Tannberg&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=AS+BIT&rft.isbn=978-9985-2-0606-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRauch1974">Rauch 1974</a>: str. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> Calvert, Peter (1987). The Process of Political Succession. Springer. str. 68. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781349089789" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781349089789">9781349089789</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Process+of+Political+Succession&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Calvert%2C%26%2332%3BPeter&rft.date=1987&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B68&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=9781349089789&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2000). The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia. Springer. str. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781403919557" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781403919557">9781403919557</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radical+Right+in+Interwar+Estonia&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B9&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=9781403919557&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> Pinder, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/75">Western Europe: Challenge and Change</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Europe%3A+Challenge+and+Change&rft.aulast=Pinder&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Pinder%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=1990&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F75+75%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinder76-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Pinder76_83-0">↑</a> Pinder, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/76">Western Europe: Challenge and Change</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse/page/76">76</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Europe%3A+Challenge+and+Change&rft.aulast=Pinder&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Pinder%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=1990&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F76+76%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasterneuropeint0000unse%2Fpage%2F76&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> Kasekamp, Andres (2000). The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia. Springer. str. 11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781403919557" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781403919557">9781403919557</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radical+Right+in+Interwar+Estonia&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B11&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=9781403919557&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> Nutt, Mart (9. 10. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121141004/http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/The_first_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_1920_-_1933/">„The First Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1920–1933)”</a>. Estonica. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Institute (stranica ne postoji)">Estonian Institute</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/The_first_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_1920_-_1933/">originala</a> na datum 2020-01-21. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+First+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Estonia+%281920%E2%80%931933%29&rft.atitle=Estonica&rft.aulast=Nutt&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Nutt%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=9.+10.+2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BEstonian+Institute%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200121141004%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FThe_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development%2FThe_first_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_1920_-_1933%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 80–81. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780810875135" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780810875135">9780810875135</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B80%E2%80%9381&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=9780810875135&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 128. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B128&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> Bell, Imogen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centralsoutheast03edunse">Central and South-Eastern Europe 2003</a>. Psychology Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centralsoutheast03edunse/page/244">244</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781857431360" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781857431360">9781857431360</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+South-Eastern+Europe+2003&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Imogen&rft.au=Bell%2C%26%2332%3BImogen&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentralsoutheast03edunse%2Fpage%2F244+244%5D&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.isbn=9781857431360&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentralsoutheast03edunse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> Leonard, Raymond W. (1999). Secret Soldiers of the Revolution: Soviet Military Intelligence, 1918–1933. Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 34–36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780313309908" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780313309908">9780313309908</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Soldiers+of+the+Revolution%3A+Soviet+Military+Intelligence%2C+1918%E2%80%931933&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Raymond+W.&rft.au=Leonard%2C%26%2332%3BRaymond+W.&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B34%E2%80%9336&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=9780313309908&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 18. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136452130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136452130">9781136452130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B18&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136452130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> Misiunas, Romuald J.; Taagepera, Rein (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesyear0000misi">The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940–1980</a>. University of California Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesyear0000misi/page/11">11</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780520046252" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780520046252">9780520046252</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%2C+Years+of+Dependence%2C+1940%E2%80%931980&rft.aulast=Misiunas&rft.aufirst=Romuald+J.&rft.au=Misiunas%2C%26%2332%3BRomuald+J.&rft.au=Taagepera%2C%26%2332%3BRein&rft.date=1983&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstatesyear0000misi%2Fpage%2F11+11%5D&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.isbn=9780520046252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstatesyear0000misi&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 19–20. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136452130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136452130">9781136452130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B19%E2%80%9320&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136452130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136452130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136452130">9781136452130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136452130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 22. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136452130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136452130">9781136452130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136452130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> Gärtner, Heinz (2017). Engaged Neutrality: An Evolved Approach to the Cold War. Lexington Books. str. 125. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781498546195" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781498546195">9781498546195</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engaged+Neutrality%3A+An+Evolved+Approach+to+the+Cold+War&rft.aulast=G%C3%A4rtner&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rft.au=G%C3%A4rtner%2C%26%2332%3BHeinz&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B125&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.isbn=9781498546195&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 335. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5">978-0-8108-7513-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B335&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7513-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-TM091939-97"><a href="#cite_ref-TM091939_97-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129092623/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,762664,00.html">„RUSSIA: Moscow's Week”</a>. Time. 9. 10. 1939. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,762664,00.html">originala</a> na datum 2018-01-29. Pristupljeno 20. 9. 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RUSSIA%3A+Moscow%27s+Week&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.date=9.+10.+1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180129092623%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C762664%2C00.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> Hiden, John; Salmon, Patrick (2014). The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. str. 110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-317-89057-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-317-89057-7">978-1-317-89057-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+Nations+and+Europe%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.aulast=Hiden&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Hiden%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.au=Salmon%2C%26%2332%3BPatrick&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B110&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-1-317-89057-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: World Book. 2003. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7166-0103-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7166-0103-6">978-0-7166-0103-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Book+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=World+Book&rft.isbn=978-0-7166-0103-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707164549/http://www.vm.ee/est/kat_533/7728.html">„Molotovi–Ribbentropi pakt ja selle tagajärjed”</a> (et). Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2006. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/et/est/kat_533/7728.html">originala</a> na datum 7. 7. 2007. Pristupljeno 15. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Molotovi%E2%80%93Ribbentropi+pakt+ja+selle+tagaj%C3%A4rjed&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Estonian+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070707164549%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vm.ee%2Fest%2Fkat_533%2F7728.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821221643/http://www.mil.fi/laitokset/tiedotteet/1282.dsp">„Kaleva-koneen tuhosta uutta tietoa”</a> (fi). www.mil.fi. Finnish Defence Forces. 14. 6. 2005. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mil.fi/laitokset/tiedotteet/1282.dsp">originala</a> na datum 2009-08-21. Pristupljeno 20. 9. 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kaleva-koneen+tuhosta+uutta+tietoa&rft.atitle=www.mil.fi&rft.date=14.+6.+2005&rft.pub=Finnish+Defence+Forces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090821221643%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mil.fi%2Flaitokset%2Ftiedotteet%2F1282.dsp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205065414/http://www.rusin.fi/publications/warinpetsamo/indexEN.html">„documents published”</a> (ru). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusin.fi/publications/warinpetsamo/indexEN.html">originala</a> na datum 5. 2. 2008.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=documents+published&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080205065414%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusin.fi%2Fpublications%2Fwarinpetsamo%2FindexEN.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  из архива Руске морнарице </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> Raukas, Anto (2002) (et). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 309. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985701151" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985701151">9985701151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B309&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=9985701151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> Johnson, Eric A.; Hermann, Anna (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117175841/http://finland.usembassy.gov/root/pdfs/antheil_article.pdf">„The Last Flight from Tallinn”</a>. Foreign Service Journal. American Foreign Service Association. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finland.usembassy.gov/root/pdfs/antheil_article.pdf">originala</a> na datum 17 January 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Last+Flight+from+Tallinn&rft.atitle=Foreign+Service+Journal&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Eric+A.&rft.au=Johnson%2C%26%2332%3BEric+A.&rft.au=Hermann%2C%26%2332%3BAnna&rft.date=May+2007&rft.pub=American+Foreign+Service+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120117175841%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Ffinland.usembassy.gov%2Froot%2Fpdfs%2Fantheil_article.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-malksoo-105"><a href="#cite_ref-malksoo_105-0">↑</a> Mälksoo, Lauri (2003). Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR. Leiden – Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/90-411-2177-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/90-411-2177-3">90-411-2177-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illegal+Annexation+and+State+Continuity%3A+The+Case+of+the+Incorporation+of+the+Baltic+States+by+the+USSR&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4lksoo&rft.aufirst=Lauri&rft.au=M%C3%A4lksoo%2C%26%2332%3BLauri&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Leiden%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.isbn=90-411-2177-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Miljan110-106">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Miljan110_106-0">106,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miljan110_106-1">106,1</a> Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5">978-0-8108-7513-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B110&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7513-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> Gatrell, Peter; Baron, Nick (2009). Warlands: Population Resettlement and State Reconstruction in the Soviet-East European Borderlands, 1945–50. Springer. str. 233. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-230-24693-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-230-24693-5">978-0-230-24693-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warlands%3A+Population+Resettlement+and+State+Reconstruction+in+the+Soviet-East+European+Borderlands%2C+1945%E2%80%9350&rft.aulast=Gatrell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Gatrell%2C%26%2332%3BPeter&rft.au=Baron%2C%26%2332%3BNick&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B233&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-0-230-24693-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118063339/http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1046181016323&a=KArticle&aid=1119525615664">„Linda Soomre Memorial Plaque”</a>. British Embassy in Tallinn. 2005. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1046181016323&a=KArticle&aid=1119525615664">originala</a> na datum 18. 1. 2008. Pristupljeno 29. 8. 2018.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Linda+Soomre+Memorial+Plaque&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=British+Embassy+in+Tallinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080118063339%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishembassy.gov.uk%2Fservlet%2FFront%3Fpagename%3DOpenMarket%252FXcelerate%252FShowPage%26c%3DPage%26cid%3D1046181016323%26a%3DKArticle%26aid%3D1119525615664&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> Peeter Kaasik; Mika Raudvassar (2006). „Estonia from June to October, 1941: Forest brothers and Summer War”. Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_International_Commission_for_the_Investigation_of_Crimes_Against_Humanity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity (stranica ne postoji)">Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</a>. Tallinn. str. 496–517.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+from+June+to+October%2C+1941%3A+Forest+brothers+and+Summer+War&rft.atitle=Estonia+1940%E2%80%931945%3A+Reports+of+the+%5B%5BEstonian+International+Commission+for+the+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Peeter+Kaasik&rft.au=Peeter+Kaasik&rft.au=Mika+Raudvassar&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B496%E2%80%93517&rft.place=Tallinn&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj">Historical Dictionary of Estonia</a>. Scarecrow Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj/page/275">275</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6">978-0-8108-6571-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj%2Fpage%2F275+275%5D&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6571-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-136-45213-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-136-45213-0">978-1-136-45213-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-1-136-45213-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CommissionReport-112"><a href="#cite_ref-CommissionReport_112-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629035526/http://www.historycommission.ee/temp/conclusions.htm#crimger">„Conclusions of the Commission”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_International_Commission_for_Investigation_of_Crimes_Against_Humanity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity (stranica ne postoji)">Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</a>. 1998. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historycommission.ee/temp/conclusions.htm#crimger">originala</a> na datum 29 June 2008.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Conclusions+of+the+Commission&rft.atitle=&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=%5B%5BEstonian+International+Commission+for+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080629035526%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.historycommission.ee%2Ftemp%2Fconclusions.htm%23crimger&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELande2000200-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELande2000200_113-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLande2000">Lande 2000</a>: str. 200 sfn error: no target: CITEREFLande2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199691-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199691_114-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1996">Smith 1996</a>: str. 91 sfn error: no target: CITEREFSmith1996 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> Kangilaski, Jaan; Salo, Vello (2005). The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. str. 37. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789985701959" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789985701959">9789985701959</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+white+book%3A+losses+inflicted+on+the+Estonian+nation+by+occupation+regimes%2C+1940%E2%80%931991&rft.aulast=Kangilaski&rft.aufirst=Jaan&rft.au=Kangilaski%2C%26%2332%3BJaan&rft.au=Salo%2C%26%2332%3BVello&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B37&rft.pub=Estonian+Encyclopaedia+Publishers&rft.isbn=9789985701959&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. str. 174. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B174&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> Buttar, Prit. Between Giants, the Battle for the Baltics in World War II. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781780961637" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781780961637">9781780961637</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Giants%2C+the+Battle+for+the+Baltics+in+World+War+II&rft.aulast=Buttar&rft.aufirst=Prit&rft.au=Buttar%2C%26%2332%3BPrit&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781780961637&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> Laar, Mart. War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944–1956. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-929590-08-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-929590-08-0">978-0-929590-08-0</a>. pp. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estinst.ee/en/prints/republic-of-estonia-90/">Republic of Estonia 90</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043611/http://estinst.ee/en/prints/republic-of-estonia-90/">Arhivirano</a> 2017-10-24 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Estonian Institute 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> Rahi-Tamm, Aigi; Kahar, Andres (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328131029/http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~erki/Selfservice/9.pdf">"The Deportation Operation "Priboi" in 1949"</a>. Tallinn: Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9949183005" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9949183005">978-9949183005</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~erki/Selfservice/9.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2019-03-28. Pristupljeno 2021-04-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Deportation+Operation+%22Priboi%22+in+1949%22&rft.aulast=Rahi-Tamm&rft.aufirst=Aigi&rft.au=Rahi-Tamm%2C%26%2332%3BAigi&rft.au=Kahar%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2009&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Estonian+International+Commission+for+the+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.isbn=978-9949183005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190328131029%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Flepo.it.da.ut.ee%2F%7Eerki%2FSelfservice%2F9.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-deportation-121"><a href="#cite_ref-deportation_121-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estemb.ru/estonija/istorija/aid-226">Депортации из Эстонии в 1941 г. и 1949 г.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000152/http://www.estemb.ru/estonija/istorija/aid-226">Arhivirano</a> 2007-09-28 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Посольство Эстонии в Москве </li> <li id="cite_note-AR-122"><a href="#cite_ref-AR_122-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1273/12_01">„Президент Эстонии Арнольд Рюйтель. Разве мы восхваляем нацизм?”</a>. Аргументы и факты № 12 (1273) от 23.03.2005. Pristupljeno 28. 6. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4+%D0%A0%D1%8E%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%E2%84%96+12+%281273%29+%D0%BE%D1%82+23.03.2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.aif.ru%2Fonline%2Faif%2F1273%2F12_01&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> Хийо Т. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222010330/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1939-1945_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B2_1944_%D0%B3/">„Завоевание Эстонии Красной армией в 1944 г.”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1939-1945_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B2_1944_%D0%B3/">originala</a> na datum 2015-02-22. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+1944+%D0%B3.&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE+%D0%A2.&rft.au=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE+%D0%A2.&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150222010330%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F1939-1945_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2592%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%2F%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B2_1944_%25D0%25B3%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517143747/http://www.estemb.ru/estonija/istorija/aid-2128">„23. августа 1939 года: общеевропейский день памяти жертв всех тоталитарных и авторитарных режимов”</a>. Посольство Эстонии в Москве. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estemb.ru/estonija/istorija/aid-2128">originala</a> na datum 17. 05. 2014. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=23.+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+1939+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140517143747%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estemb.ru%2Festonija%2Fistorija%2Faid-2128&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> Purs, Aldis (2013). Baltic Facades: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania since 1945. Reaktion Books. str. 335. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781861899323" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781861899323">9781861899323</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltic+Facades%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania+since+1945&rft.aulast=Purs&rft.aufirst=Aldis&rft.au=Purs%2C%26%2332%3BAldis&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B335&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.isbn=9781861899323&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-mnemosyne3-126"><a href="#cite_ref-mnemosyne3_126-0">↑</a> Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130412065557/http://www.mnemosyne.ee/hc.ee/pdf/conclusions_ru_1944-.pdf">„Этап III — Оккупация Эстонии Советским Союзом с 1944 года”</a>. The Estonian Institute of Historical Memory. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnemosyne.ee/hc.ee/pdf/conclusions_ru_1944-.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2013-04-12. Pristupljeno 8. 4. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF+III+%E2%80%94+%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81+1944+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Estonian+International+Commission+for+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.au=Estonian+International+Commission+for+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.pub=The+Estonian+Institute+of+Historical+Memory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130412065557%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnemosyne.ee%2Fhc.ee%2Fpdf%2Fconclusions_ru_1944-.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> Леймус И. (13. 11. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614193104/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1945-1985_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/">„Эстонская ССР как советская союзная республика”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1945-1985_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/">originala</a> na datum 2013-06-14. Pristupljeno 16. 2. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%98.&rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%98.&rft.date=13.+11.+2009&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130614193104%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F1945-1985_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%2F%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A0_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D1%258E%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> Lane, Thomas; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Smith, David J. (2013). The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Routledge. str. xx. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136483042" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136483042">9781136483042</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Lane%2C%26%2332%3BThomas&rft.au=Pabriks%2C%26%2332%3BArtis&rft.au=Purs%2C%26%2332%3BAldis&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+J.&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3Bxx&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136483042&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> Frankowski, Stanisław; Stephan III, Paul B. (1995). Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. str. 73. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780792332183" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780792332183">9780792332183</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Reform+in+Post-Communist+Europe%3A+The+View+from+Within&rft.aulast=Frankowski&rft.aufirst=Stanis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Frankowski%2C%26%2332%3BStanis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Stephan+III%2C%26%2332%3BPaul+B.&rft.date=1995&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B73&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.isbn=9780792332183&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> Таннберг, Тыну (19. 02. 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614231733/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1945-1985_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F/">„Командная экономика и её последствия”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1945-1985_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F/">originala</a> na datum 2013-06-14. Pristupljeno 21. 5. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D1%91+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.au=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%2C%26%2332%3B%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.date=19.+02.+2010&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130614231733%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F1945-1985_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607140353/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB/">„«Письмо сорока»”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB/">originala</a> na datum 2015-06-07. Pristupljeno 16. 2. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150607140353%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25C2%25AB%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25C2%25BB%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Europarliament13011983.jpg">„Resolution on the situation in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania”</a>. Official Journal of the European Communities. C (European Parliament) 42/78. 13. 1. 1983.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Resolution+on+the+situation+in+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+Lithuania&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Communities&rft.date=13.+1.+1983&rft.series=C&rft.volume=42%2F78&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2F8%2F80%2FEuroparliament13011983.jpg&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letton.ch/lvx_eur2.htm">Текст резолуције Европског парламента из 1983. о осуди анексије балтичких држава.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> Vogt, Henri (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenutopiadis0000vogt">Between Utopia and Disillusionment: A Narrative of the Political Transformation in Eastern Europe</a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenutopiadis0000vogt/page/20">20</a>–22. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781571818959" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781571818959">9781571818959</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Utopia+and+Disillusionment%3A+A+Narrative+of+the+Political+Transformation+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Vogt%2C%26%2332%3BHenri&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweenutopiadis0000vogt%2Fpage%2F20+20%5D%E2%80%9322&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.isbn=9781571818959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweenutopiadis0000vogt&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> Лийвик О. (7. 11. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150313153742/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0/">„Фосфоритная война”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0/">originala</a> na datum 2015-03-13. Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9E.&rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9E.&rft.date=7.+11.+2009&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150313153742%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> Хийо Т. (8. 10. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415210913/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/">„Хозрасчетная Эстония”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/">originala</a> na datum 2015-04-15. Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE+%D0%A2.&rft.au=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE+%D0%A2.&rft.date=8.+10.+2009&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150415210913%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a> Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe: Schriften Des Hannah-Arendt-Instituts Für Totalitarismusforschung 36. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. str. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9783525369128" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9783525369128">9783525369128</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communist+and+Post-Communist+Parties+in+Europe%3A+Schriften+Des+Hannah-Arendt-Instituts+F%C3%BCr+Totalitarismusforschung+36&rft.aulast=Backes&rft.aufirst=Uwe&rft.au=Backes%2C%26%2332%3BUwe&rft.au=Moreau%2C%26%2332%3BPatrick&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B9&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.isbn=9783525369128&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-nezav-138"><a href="#cite_ref-nezav_138-0">↑</a> Вярэ Э. (11. 2. 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225075508/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1985-1991_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B/">„Переломные годы”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1985-1991_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B/">originala</a> na datum 2014-02-25. Pristupljeno 6. 4. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D+%D0%AD.&rft.au=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D+%D0%AD.&rft.date=11.+2.+2010&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140225075508%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F1985-1991_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3_%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> Smith, David (2013). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. Routledge. str. 52. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781136452130" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781136452130">9781136452130</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B52&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136452130&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">↑</a> Wolchik, Sharon L.; Curry, Jane Leftwich (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ciKIBazTof8C&pg=PA238#v=onepage&f=false">Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 238. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7425-4068-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7425-4068-2">978-0-7425-4068-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+East+European+Politics%3A+From+Communism+to+Democracy&rft.aulast=Wolchik&rft.aufirst=Sharon+L.&rft.au=Wolchik%2C%26%2332%3BSharon+L.&rft.au=Curry%2C%26%2332%3BJane+Leftwich&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B238&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-4068-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DciKIBazTof8C%26pg%3DPA238%23v%3Donepage%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeXwMDZbTBoC&pg=PA213">Historical Dictionary of Estonia</a>. Scarecrow Press. str. 213. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6">978-0-8108-6571-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B213&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6571-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeXwMDZbTBoC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ria.ru/spravka/20110113/320697025.html">„Договоры об основах межгосударственных отношений РСФСР-Эстония-Латвия”</a>. РИА Новости. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%A0-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Fspravka%2F20110113%2F320697025.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a> Вярэ Э. (11. 2. 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225084903/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1985-1991_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/">„Путь к независимости”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/1985-1991_%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/">originala</a> na datum 2014-02-25. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D+%D0%AD.&rft.au=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D+%D0%AD.&rft.date=11.+2.+2010&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140225084903%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2F1985-1991_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3_%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%2F%25D0%259F%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> Маркедонов, М. С.. (1. 4. 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140515125029/http://polit.ru/article/2011/04/01/ussr/">„Референдум распада”</a>. Полит.ру. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polit.ru/article/2011/04/01/ussr/">originala</a> na datum 2014-05-15. Pristupljeno 15. 3. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C.+%D0%A1..&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C%26%2332%3B%D0%9C.+%D0%A1..&rft.date=1.+4.+2011&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82.%D1%80%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140515125029%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpolit.ru%2Farticle%2F2011%2F04%2F01%2Fussr%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> Gill, Graeme (2003). Democracy and Post-Communism: Political Change in the Post-Communist World. Routledge. str. 41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781134485567" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781134485567">9781134485567</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+and+Post-Communism%3A+Political+Change+in+the+Post-Communist+World&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft.au=Gill%2C%26%2332%3BGraeme&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B41&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781134485567&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estonianworld.com/life/estonia-celebrates-the-day-of-restoration-of-independence/">„Estonia celebrates the Day of Restoration of Independence”</a>. Estonian World. 20 August 2016. Pristupljeno 18 August 2018.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+celebrates+the+Day+of+Restoration+of+Independence&rft.atitle=&rft.date=20+August+2016&rft.pub=Estonian+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Festonianworld.com%2Flife%2Festonia-celebrates-the-day-of-restoration-of-independence%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Dillon164-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Dillon164_147-0">↑</a> Dillon, Patricia; Wykoff, Frank C. (2002). Creating Capitalism: Transitions and Growth in Post-Soviet Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. str. 164. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781843765561" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781843765561">9781843765561</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Capitalism%3A+Transitions+and+Growth+in+Post-Soviet+Europe&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Dillon%2C%26%2332%3BPatricia&rft.au=Wykoff%2C%26%2332%3BFrank+C.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B164&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781843765561&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4konst-148"><a href="#cite_ref-4konst_148-0">↑</a> Нутт М. (6. 10. 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406193815/http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1992-%E2%80%A6/">„Восстановление независимости и четвертая конституция (1992-…)”</a>. Эстоника. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/ru/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1992-%E2%80%A6/">originala</a> na datum 2015-04-06. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%281992-%E2%80%A6%29&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82+%D0%9C.&rft.au=%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82+%D0%9C.&rft.date=6.+10.+2010&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150406193815%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fru%2F%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B2_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%2F%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_1992-%25E2%2580%25A6%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rus.postimees.ee/957962/v-jestonii-hotjat-otmechat-den-okonchanija-okkupacii-31-avgusta">„В Эстонии хотят отмечать день окончания оккупации 31. августа”</a>. Postimees. 31. 8. 2012. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+31.+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.atitle=&rft.date=31.+8.+2012&rft.pub=Postimees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frus.postimees.ee%2F957962%2Fv-jestonii-hotjat-otmechat-den-okonchanija-okkupacii-31-avgusta&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103190239/http://baltija.eu/news/read/33128">„31. августа всем надо праздновать День свободной Эстонии — эстонский министр сказал”</a>. Портал русской общины Эстонии. 31. 8. 2013. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltija.eu/news/read/33128">originala</a> na datum 03. 01. 2014. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=31.+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%94+%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB&rft.atitle=&rft.date=31.+8.+2013&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140103190239%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fbaltija.eu%2Fnews%2Fread%2F33128&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosbalt.ru/exussr/2012/09/01/1029156.html">„Эстония намерена отмечать 31. августа день окончания российской оккупации”</a>. Росбалт.ру. 1. 9. 2012. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+31.+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=&rft.date=1.+9.+2012&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82.%D1%80%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosbalt.ru%2Fexussr%2F2012%2F09%2F01%2F1029156.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780810875135" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780810875135">9780810875135</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B18%E2%80%9319&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=9780810875135&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-presseurop-153"><a href="#cite_ref-presseurop_153-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/478531-most-soviet-western-state">PressEurope</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110129204200/http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/478531-most-soviet-western-state">Arhivirano</a> 2011-01-29 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>, 26. 1. 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-Обала-154">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-0">154,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-1">154,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-2">154,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-3">154,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-4">154,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-5">154,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Обала_154-6">154,6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061502/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/The_Baltic_Sea/The_Baltic_Sea/">„General overview of Estonian nature — The Baltic Sea”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/The_Baltic_Sea/The_Baltic_Sea/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+The+Baltic+Sea&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061502%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FThe_Baltic_Sea%2FThe_Baltic_Sea%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061437/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Location/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Location”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Location/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Location&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061437%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FLocation%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4626141.stm">„Russia spurns Estonia border deal”</a>. BBC News. 27. 6. 2005. Pristupljeno 24. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+spurns+Estonia+border+deal&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.date=27.+6.+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4626141.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">↑</a> Socor, Vladimir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=30600&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=176&no_cache=1">„Russia cancels border treaty, assails Estonia”</a>. The Jameston Foundation. Pristupljeno 24. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Russia+cancels+border+treaty%2C+assails+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Socor&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Socor%2C%26%2332%3BVladimir&rft.pub=The+Jameston+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fprograms%2Fedm%2Fsingle%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D30600%26tx_ttnews%255BbackPid%255D%3D176%26no_cache%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Topography-158">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-0">158,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-1">158,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-2">158,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-3">158,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-4">158,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-5">158,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-6">158,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-7">158,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-8">158,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topography_158-9">158,09</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413004837/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Topography/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Topography”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Topography/">originala</a> na datum 2016-04-13. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Topography&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160413004837%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FTopography%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Земљиште-159">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Земљиште_159-0">159,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Земљиште_159-1">159,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061442/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_Quaternary_cover_and_soil_cover/">„General overview of Estonian nature — The Quaternary cover and soil cover”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_Quaternary_cover_and_soil_cover/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+The+Quaternary+cover+and+soil+cover&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061442%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FThe_Quaternary_cover_and_soil_cover%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Publishers2005-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Publishers2005_160-0">↑</a> Estonian Academy of Science (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q3mK64Ef2MQC">Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology</a>. Estonian Academy Publishers.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Estonian+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Geology&rft.aulast=Estonian+Academy+of+Science&rft.au=Estonian+Academy+of+Science&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Estonian+Academy+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3mK64Ef2MQC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-KoeberlMartínez-Ruiz2003-161"><a href="#cite_ref-KoeberlMartínez-Ruiz2003_161-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoeberlMartínez2003">Koeberl & Martínez 2003</a>: str. 345 </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531165850/http://www.estonica.org/media/files/images/17/175712466079-eesti-fyys-ingliss_gif_662x473_q100.jpg">„Детаљнија топографска мапа Естоније”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/media/files/images/17/175712466079-eesti-fyys-ingliss_gif_662x473_q100.jpg">originala</a> na datum 2017-05-31. Pristupljeno 2021-04-29.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170531165850%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2F17%2F175712466079-eesti-fyys-ingliss_gif_662x473_q100.jpg&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/elfond/docs/estonian_mires_inventory?mode=embed">Estonian Mires Inventory</a> Compiled by Jaanus Paal and Eerik Leibak. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Fund_for_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Fund for Nature (stranica ne postoji)">Estonian Fund for Nature</a>. Tartu, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140710235254/http://issuu.com/elfond/docs/estonian_mires_inventory?mode=embed">Архивирано</a> 10. 7. 2014. на <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loodusegakoos.ee/hiking-route/aegviidu-ahijarve-672-km">„Hiking Route: Aegviidu-Ähijärve 672 km – Loodusega koos RMK”</a>. Loodusega Koos. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Hiking+Route%3A+Aegviidu-%C3%84hij%C3%A4rve+672+km+%E2%80%93+Loodusega+koos+RMK&rft.atitle=Loodusega+Koos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floodusegakoos.ee%2Fhiking-route%2Faegviidu-ahijarve-672-km&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-165"><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_165-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/estonia/west-estonian-archipelago/">„West Estonian Archipelago”</a>. UNESCO. Pristupljeno 16. 6. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=West+Estonian+Archipelago&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fnatural-sciences%2Fenvironment%2Fecological-sciences%2Fbiosphere-reserves%2Feurope-north-america%2Festonia%2Fwest-estonian-archipelago%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507004921/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/West-Estonian_islands/Saaremaa/">„Estonian nature by regions — Saaremaa”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/West-Estonian_islands/Saaremaa/">originala</a> na datum 2021-05-07. Pristupljeno 30. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+nature+by+regions+%E2%80%94+Saaremaa&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210507004921%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FWest-Estonian_islands%2FSaaremaa%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Острва2-167">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Острва2_167-0">167,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Острва2_167-1">167,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815062015/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/West-Estonian_islands/The_islands_in_the_V%C3%A4inameri_Sea_and_the_Gulf_of_Riga/">„Estonian nature by regions — The islands in the Väinameri Sea and the Gulf of Riga”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/West-Estonian_islands/The_islands_in_the_V%C3%A4inameri_Sea_and_the_Gulf_of_Riga/">originala</a> na datum 2016-08-15. Pristupljeno 30. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+nature+by+regions+%E2%80%94+The+islands+in+the+V%C3%A4inameri+Sea+and+the+Gulf+of+Riga&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160815062015%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FWest-Estonian_islands%2FThe_islands_in_the_V%25C3%25A4inameri_Sea_and_the_Gulf_of_Riga%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061237/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Gulf_of_Finland_and_the_North-Estonian_coastal_plain/The_islands_of_the_Gulf_of_Finland/">„Estonian nature by regions — The islands of the Gulf of Finland”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Gulf_of_Finland_and_the_North-Estonian_coastal_plain/The_islands_of_the_Gulf_of_Finland/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 30. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+nature+by+regions+%E2%80%94+The+islands+of+the+Gulf+of+Finland&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061237%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FGulf_of_Finland_and_the_North-Estonian_coastal_plain%2FThe_islands_of_the_Gulf_of_Finland%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Хидрографија-169">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-0">169,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-1">169,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-2">169,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-3">169,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-4">169,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-5">169,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Хидрографија_169-6">169,6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061447/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_hydrographic_network/">„General overview of Estonian nature — The hydrographic network”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_hydrographic_network/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+The+hydrographic+network&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061447%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FThe_hydrographic_network%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061447/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_hydrographic_network/">„Estonica.org - The hydrographic network”</a>. www.estonica.org. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/The_hydrographic_network/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 2020-06-01.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonica.org+-+The+hydrographic+network&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.estonica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061447%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FThe_hydrographic_network%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Нарва-171">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Нарва_171-0">171,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Нарва_171-1">171,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061347/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Lake_Peipsi_and_Narva_River/Hydrology/">„Lake Peipsi and Narva River”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Lake_Peipsi_and_Narva_River/Hydrology/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 31. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Lake+Peipsi+and+Narva+River&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061347%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLake_Peipsi_and_Narva_River%2FHydrology%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218061619/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Uplands_and_depressions_of_South_Estonia/The_Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4_Upland/">„Uplands and depressions of South Estonia − The Otepää Upland”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Uplands_and_depressions_of_South_Estonia/The_Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4_Upland/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 31. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Uplands+and+depressions+of+South+Estonia+%E2%88%92+The+Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4+Upland&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218061619%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FUplands_and_depressions_of_South_Estonia%2FThe_Otep%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4_Upland%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Клима-173">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-0">173,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-1">173,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-2">173,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-3">173,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-4">173,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-5">173,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Клима_173-6">173,6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141227203814/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Climate/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Climate”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Location_and_natural_conditions/Climate/">originala</a> na datum 2014-12-27. Pristupljeno 31. 1. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Climate&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141227203814%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FLocation_and_natural_conditions%2FClimate%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Флора-174">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Флора_174-0">174,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Флора_174-1">174,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Флора_174-2">174,2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223080834/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Flora/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Flora”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Flora/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-23. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Flora&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161223080834%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FFlora_and_fauna%2FFlora%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221133912/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Forests/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Forests”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Forests/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-21. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Forests&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161221133912%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FFlora_and_fauna%2FForests%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218023521/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Peatlands/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Flora and fauna/Peatlands”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Peatlands/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-18. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Flora+and+fauna%2FPeatlands&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161218023521%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FFlora_and_fauna%2FPeatlands%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161217094412/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Fungi/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Flora and fauna/Fungi”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Fungi/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-17. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Flora+and+fauna%2FFungi&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161217094412%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FFlora_and_fauna%2FFungi%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Фауна-178">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Фауна_178-0">178,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Фауна_178-1">178,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Фауна_178-2">178,2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223080800/http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Fauna/">„General overview of Estonian nature — Flora and fauna/Fauna”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica & Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Nature/Flora_and_fauna/Fauna/">originala</a> na datum 2016-12-23. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+nature+%E2%80%94+Flora+and+fauna%2FFauna&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica+%26+Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20161223080800%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FNature%2FFlora_and_fauna%2FFauna%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ebrd-179"><a href="#cite_ref-ebrd_179-0">↑</a> (15. 5. 2002). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebrd.com/projects/eias/narva.pdf">EBRD project summary document — Estonia: Narva Power. Environmental Issues Associated with Narva Power Plants. Executive Summary</a>" (PDF). European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. pristup na dan 23. 10. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200644/http://www.ebrd.com/projects/eias/narva.pdf">„Archive copy”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebrd.com/projects/eias/narva.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2007-09-27. Pristupljeno 2021-08-16.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070927200644%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebrd.com%2Fprojects%2Feias%2Fnarva.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">↑</a> Kahru, A.; Põllumaa, L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/oil-2006-1-5.pdf">"Environmental hazard of the waste streams of Estonian oil shale industry: an ecotoxicological review"</a> (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. Estonian Academy Publishers. 23 (1): 53–93. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_serijski_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni serijski broj">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0208-189X">0208-189X</a>. Pristupljeno 2007-09-02. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">↑</a> Raukas, Anto; Punning, Jaan-Mati (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/ee/b819315k">"Environmental problems in the Estonian oil shale industry"</a> (PDF). Energy and Environmental Science. Royal Society of Chemistry (2): 723–728. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2FB819315K">10.1039/B819315K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_serijski_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni serijski broj">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1754-5692">1754-5692</a>. Pristupljeno 2014-04-13. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigiteataja.ee/ert/act.jsp?id=745306">„Looduskaitseseadus”</a>. Elektrooniline Riigi Teataja. Pristupljeno 2. 10. 2007.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Looduskaitseseadus&rft.atitle=Elektrooniline+Riigi+Teataja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigiteataja.ee%2Fert%2Fact.jsp%3Fid%3D745306&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/EST">Estonia, Europe</a> Protected Planet </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200007/http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/publications/327_PDF.pdf">Estonian Nature Conservation in 2007</a>. Tallinn: Estonian Environment Information Centre. 2008. str. 29. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9985-881-56-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9985-881-56-9">978-9985-881-56-9</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/publications/327_PDF.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2011-07-19. Pristupljeno 2021-08-16.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonian+Nature+Conservation+in+2007&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B29&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Estonian+Environment+Information+Centre&rft.isbn=978-9985-881-56-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110719200007%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.keskkonnainfo.ee%2Fpublications%2F327_PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-estregistry-185"><a href="#cite_ref-estregistry_185-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://register.keskkonnainfo.ee/envreg/main?list=LO&mount=view">„Estonian Environmental Registry”</a>. Estonian Ministry of Environment. Pristupljeno 22 April 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Environmental+Registry&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonian+Ministry+of+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregister.keskkonnainfo.ee%2Fenvreg%2Fmain%3Flist%3DLO%26mount%3Dview&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-protected-186"><a href="#cite_ref-protected_186-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/EST">Estonia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_Planet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected Planet (stranica ne postoji)">Protected Planet</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikogu.ee/?id=34635">Riigikogu introduction</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riigikogu.ee/">Riigikogu</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">↑</a> Nutt, Mart (27. 5. 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606051710/http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/The_third_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_de_facto_1938_-_1940,_de_jure_1938_-_1992/">„The Third Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (De Facto 1938–1940, De Jure 1938–1992)”</a>. Estonica. Estonian Institute. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/The_third_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_de_facto_1938_-_1940,_de_jure_1938_-_1992/">originala</a> na datum 2011-06-06. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Third+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Estonia+%28De+Facto+1938%E2%80%931940%2C+De+Jure+1938%E2%80%931992%29&rft.atitle=Estonica&rft.aulast=Nutt&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Nutt%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=27.+5.+2010&rft.pub=Estonian+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110606051710%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FThe_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development%2FThe_third_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia_de_facto_1938_-_1940%2C_de_jure_1938_-_1992%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">↑</a> Nutt, Mart (9. 10. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122140847/http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/Restoration_of_independence_and_the_fourth_Constitution_1992_-%E2%80%A6_/">„Restoration of Independence and the Fourth Constitution (1992 -… )”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonica (stranica ne postoji)">Estonica</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Institute (stranica ne postoji)">Estonian Institute</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/The_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development/Restoration_of_independence_and_the_fourth_Constitution_1992_-%E2%80%A6_/">originala</a> na datum 2020-01-22. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Restoration+of+Independence+and+the+Fourth+Constitution+%281992+-%E2%80%A6+%29&rft.atitle=%5B%5BEstonica%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Nutt&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Nutt%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=9.+10.+2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BEstonian+Institute%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200122140847%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FThe_state_order_of_Estonia_in_its_historical_development%2FRestoration_of_independence_and_the_fourth_Constitution_1992_-%25E2%2580%25A6_%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-news.cnet.com-190"><a href="#cite_ref-news.cnet.com_190-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713045721/http://news.cnet.com/Estonia-pulls-off-nationwide-Net-voting/2100-1028_3-5898115.html">„Estonia pulls off nationwide Net voting”</a>. CNET. CBS Interactive. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/Estonia-pulls-off-nationwide-Net-voting/2100-1028_3-5898115.html">originala</a> na datum 13. 7. 2012. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+pulls+off+nationwide+Net+voting&rft.atitle=CNET&rft.pub=CBS+Interactive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.today%2F20120713045721%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2FEstonia-pulls-off-nationwide-Net-voting%2F2100-1028_3-5898115.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424043201/https://rsf.org/en/ranking_table">„Index details: Data of press freedom ranking 2021”</a>. Reporteri bez granica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/ranking_table">originala</a> na datum 2016-04-24. Pristupljeno 22/08/2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Index+details%3A+Data+of+press+freedom+ranking+2021&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Reporteri+bez+granica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160424043201%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Franking_table&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Riigigantselei-lipp-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Riigigantselei-lipp_192-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406105140/https://riigikantselei.ee/et/valitsuse-toetamine/eesti-riigi-sumboolika/eesti-lipp">„Eesti lipp (Estonian Flag)”</a> (et). Riigikantselei (Government Office). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riigikantselei.ee/et/valitsuse-toetamine/eesti-riigi-sumboolika/eesti-lipp">originala</a> na datum 2016-04-06. Pristupljeno 17. 2. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Eesti+lipp+%28Estonian+Flag%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Riigikantselei+%28Government+Office%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160406105140%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Friigikantselei.ee%2Fet%2Fvalitsuse-toetamine%2Feesti-riigi-sumboolika%2Feesti-lipp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">↑</a> Holt-Jensen, Arild (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00291951.2010.502441">„Transition from state socialism to market economy: The case of Estonia”</a>. Norwegian Journal of Geography 64 (3): 127–128. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F00291951.2010.502441">10.1080/00291951.2010.502441</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-1951">0029-1951</a>. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transition+from+state+socialism+to+market+economy%3A+The+case+of+Estonia&rft.jtitle=Norwegian+Journal+of+Geography&rft.aulast=Holt-Jensen&rft.aufirst=Arild&rft.au=Holt-Jensen%2C%26%2332%3BArild&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=127%E2%80%93128&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00291951.2010.502441&rft.issn=0029-1951&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F00291951.2010.502441&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/03/estonia-first-female-president-kersti-kaljulaid">„Estonia parliament votes for first female president”</a>, The Guardian, 3. 10. 2016, pristupljeno 6. 10. 2016<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estonia+parliament+votes+for+first+female+president&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.date=3.+10.+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Foct%2F03%2Festonia-first-female-president-kersti-kaljulaid&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">↑</a> Briggs, Herbert Whittaker (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HsIzAAAAIAAJ">The law of nations: cases, documents, and notes</a>. Appleton-Century-Crofts. str. 106.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+law+of+nations%3A+cases%2C+documents%2C+and+notes&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Whittaker&rft.au=Briggs%2C%26%2332%3BHerbert+Whittaker&rft.date=1952&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B106&rft.pub=Appleton-Century-Crofts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHsIzAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113111112/http://www.vm.ee/?q=en%2Fnode%2F4096">„Estonian Chairmanship of the Baltic Council of Ministers in 2011”</a>. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/?q=en/node/4096">originala</a> na datum 13. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Chairmanship+of+the+Baltic+Council+of+Ministers+in+2011&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonian+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131113111112%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vm.ee%2F%3Fq%3Den%252Fnode%252F4096&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NB8-197">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NB8_197-0">197,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB8_197-1">197,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511184410/http://www.vm.ee/?q=en%2Fnode%2F4097">„Nordic-Baltic Co-operation”</a>. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 10. 7. 2012. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/?q=en/node/4097">originala</a> na datum 11. 5. 2012. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nordic-Baltic+Co-operation&rft.atitle=&rft.date=10.+7.+2012&rft.pub=Estonian+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120511184410%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vm.ee%2F%3Fq%3Den%252Fnode%252F4097&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018134356/http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers/the-secretariat-to-the-nordic-council-of-ministers/nordic-council-of-ministers-information-offices-in-the-baltic-states-and-russia">„Nordic Council of Ministers' Information Offices in the Baltic States and Russia”</a>. Nordic Council of Ministers. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers/the-secretariat-to-the-nordic-council-of-ministers/nordic-council-of-ministers-information-offices-in-the-baltic-states-and-russia">originala</a> na datum 2012-10-18. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nordic+Council+of+Ministers%27+Information+Offices+in+the+Baltic+States+and+Russia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nordic+Council+of+Ministers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20121018134356%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.norden.org%2Fen%2Fnordic-council-of-ministers%2Fthe-secretariat-to-the-nordic-council-of-ministers%2Fnordic-council-of-ministers-information-offices-in-the-baltic-states-and-russia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norden.ee/en/about-us/about-us">„Norden in Estonia”</a>. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Estonia. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Norden+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nordic+Council+of+Ministers%27+Office+in+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norden.ee%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toomas_Hendrik_Ilves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toomas Hendrik Ilves (stranica ne postoji)">Ilves, Toomas Hendrik</a> (14 December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094242/http://www.vm.ee/?q=en%2Fnode%2F3489">„Estonia as a Nordic Country”</a>. Estonian Foreign Ministry. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/?q=en/node/3489">originala</a> na datum 11 May 2011. Pristupljeno 19 September 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+as+a+Nordic+Country&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Ilves&rft.aufirst=Toomas+Hendrik&rft.au=Ilves%2C%26%2332%3BToomas+Hendrik&rft.date=14+December+1999&rft.pub=Estonian+Foreign+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110511094242%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vm.ee%2F%3Fq%3Den%252Fnode%252F3489&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mouritzen-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Mouritzen_201-0">↑</a> Mouritzen, Hans; Wivel, Anders (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1134457634">The Geopolitics of Euro-Atlantic Integration</a> (1 izd.). Routledge. str. 143.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geopolitics+of+Euro-Atlantic+Integration&rft.aulast=Mouritzen&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Mouritzen%2C%26%2332%3BHans&rft.au=Wivel%2C%26%2332%3BAnders&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B143&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1134457634&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Estonian_Economic_Miracle-202"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Estonian_Economic_Miracle_202-0">↑</a> Laar, Mart (7. 8. 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/08/the-estonian-economic-miracle">„The Estonian Economic Miracle”</a>. Heritage.org. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Estonian+Economic+Miracle&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Laar&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Laar%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=7.+8.+2007&rft.pub=Heritage.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Freports%2F2007%2F08%2Fthe-estonian-economic-miracle&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528073601/http://www.mil.ee/index_eng.php">„Estonian National Defence Policy”</a>. Mil.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mil.ee/index_eng.php">originala</a> na datum 28. 5. 2010. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+National+Defence+Policy&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Mil.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100528073601%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mil.ee%2Findex_eng.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.err.ee/politics/84117be0-c97a-4329-9655-d3b01f04af61">„Terras: Conscription Will Stay”</a>. Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 10. 12. 2012. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Terras%3A+Conscription+Will+Stay&rft.atitle=&rft.date=10.+12.+2012&rft.pub=Eesti+Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2Fpolitics%2F84117be0-c97a-4329-9655-d3b01f04af61&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defense-watch.com/2016/12/20/estonia-increases-defense-spending-2017/}-">Loading</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828135025/http://defense-watch.com/2016/12/20/estonia-increases-defense-spending-2017/%7D-">Arhivirano</a> 2021-08-28 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:%D0%9C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Мртва веза (stranica ne postoji)">Šablon:Мртва веза</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kmin.ee/en/news/estonian-defence-budget-2016-exceeds-2-percent-gdp">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226043743/https://www.kmin.ee/en/news/estonian-defence-budget-2016-exceeds-2-percent-gdp">Arhivirano</a> 2022-02-26 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Estonian military budget on 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504080436/http://operatsioonid.kmin.ee/index.php?page=86&">„Iisrael, Liibanon ja Süüria”</a> (et). Operatsioonid.kmin.ee. 26. 4. 2010. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://operatsioonid.kmin.ee/index.php?page=86&">originala</a> na datum 4. 5. 2011. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Iisrael%2C+Liibanon+ja+S%C3%BC%C3%BCria&rft.atitle=&rft.date=26.+4.+2010&rft.pub=Operatsioonid.kmin.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110504080436%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Foperatsioonid.kmin.ee%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D86%26&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mil.ee/et/operatsioonid/operatsioonid-alates-1995">„Operatsioonid alates 1995”</a> (et). Estonian Defence Forces. Pristupljeno 28 December 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Operatsioonid+alates+1995&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonian+Defence+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mil.ee%2Fet%2Foperatsioonid%2Foperatsioonid-alates-1995&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_gal-209"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_gal_209-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7208511.stm">„Estonia fines man for 'cyber war'”</a>. BBC. 25. 1. 2008. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2008.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+fines+man+for+%27cyber+war%27&rft.atitle=&rft.date=25.+1.+2008&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F7208511.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Az6aE-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Az6aE_210-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maaamet.ee/et/uudised/haldusreformi-jarel-muutub-eestis-ule-400-000-elukoha-ja-maatuki-aadressi">Haldusreformi järel muutub Eestis üle 400 000 elukoha ja maatüki aadressi</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/eesmargidtegevused/kohalikud-omavalitsused-ja-haldusreform/eesti-kohalike-omavalitsuste-loetelu">Eesti kohalike omavalitsuste loetelu</a>, Eesti kohalike omavalitsuste loetelu, 01.01.2019 seisuga </li> <li id="cite_note-einst.ee-212"><a href="#cite_ref-einst.ee_212-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020619141032/http://www.einst.ee/factsheets/factsheets_uus_kuju/local_government_reform.htm">„Archived copy”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einst.ee/factsheets/factsheets_uus_kuju/local_government_reform.htm">originala</a> na datum 2002-06-19. Pristupljeno 2002-06-19.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20020619141032%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.einst.ee%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheets_uus_kuju%2Flocal_government_reform.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-countypopulation-213"><a href="#cite_ref-countypopulation_213-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andmebaas.stat.ee/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=RV022U">„RV022U: Population by sex, age group and county, 1 January. administrative division as at 01.01.2018”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Estonia (stranica ne postoji)">Statistics Estonia</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=RV022U%3A+Population+by+sex%2C+age+group+and+county%2C+1+January.+administrative+division+as+at+01.01.2018&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatistics+Estonia%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandmebaas.stat.ee%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DRV022U&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvastik__rahvastikunaitajad-ja-koosseis__rahvaarv-ja-rahvastiku-koosseis/RV022U">„RV022U: POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND COUNTY, 1 JANUARY. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AS AT 01.01.2018”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Estonia (stranica ne postoji)">Statistics Estonia</a>. 2021-05-12. Pristupljeno 2021-08-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=RV022U%3A+POPULATION+BY+SEX%2C+AGE+GROUP+AND+COUNTY%2C+1+JANUARY.+ADMINISTRATIVE+DIVISION+AS+AT+01.01.2018&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatistics+Estonia%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fen%2Fstat%2Frahvastik__rahvastikunaitajad-ja-koosseis__rahvaarv-ja-rahvastiku-koosseis%2FRV022U&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-census-215"><a href="#cite_ref-census_215-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228130132/https://vana.stat.ee/62931">„PHC2011 - History of Population Censuses in Estonia”</a>. stat.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vana.stat.ee/62931">originala</a> na datum 2021-02-28. Pristupljeno 2021-08-30.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=PHC2011+-+History+of+Population+Censuses+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=stat.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210228130132%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fvana.stat.ee%2F62931&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-final20-216"><a href="#cite_ref-final20_216-0">↑</a> Greška u referenci: Nevaljana oznaka <code><ref></code>; nije zadan tekst za reference po imenu <code>final20</code></li> <li id="cite_note-Демографија1-217">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија1_217-0">217,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија1_217-1">217,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија1_217-2">217,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија1_217-3">217,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија1_217-4">217,4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721024852/http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/First_settlers_in_Estonia,_and_today/">„First settlers in Estonia, and today”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/First_settlers_in_Estonia,_and_today/">originala</a> na datum 2017-07-21. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=First+settlers+in+Estonia%2C+and+today&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170721024852%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FPopulation%2FFirst_settlers_in_Estonia%2C_and_today%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Демографија2-218">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија2_218-0">218,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија2_218-1">218,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија2_218-2">218,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија2_218-3">218,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Демографија2_218-4">218,4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502133246/http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Composition_of_the_population/">„Composition of the population”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Composition_of_the_population/">originala</a> na datum 2014-05-02. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Composition+of+the+population&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140502133246%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FPopulation%2FComposition_of_the_population%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-stat.ee-219"><a href="#cite_ref-stat.ee_219-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104172617/http://www.stat.ee/34267">„Rahvaarv rahvuse järgi, 1. jaanuar, aasta”</a>. Statistics Estonia. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/34267">originala</a> na datum 2018-01-04. Pristupljeno 10 October 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Rahvaarv+rahvuse+j%C3%A4rgi%2C+1.+jaanuar%2C+aasta&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180104172617%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2F34267&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnic_minor-220"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnic_minor_220-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807204855/http://old.estinst.ee/factsheets/ethnic_minor/">„Ethnic minorities in Estonia: past and present”</a>. Einst.ee. 26. 12. 1998. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.estinst.ee/factsheets/ethnic_minor/">originala</a> na datum 7. 8. 2011. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ethnic+minorities+in+Estonia%3A+past+and+present&rft.atitle=&rft.date=26.+12.+1998&rft.pub=Einst.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110807204855%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fold.estinst.ee%2Ffactsheets%2Fethnic_minor%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2005211-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2005211_221-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2005">Smith 2005</a>: str. 211 sfn error: no target: CITEREFSmith2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611131932/http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PO0222U&ti=POPULATION+BY+SEX%2C+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY+AND+COUNTY%2C+1+JANUARY.+ADMINISTRATIVE+DIVISION+AS+AT+01.01.2018&path=..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation%2F01Population_indicators_and_composition%2F04Population_figure_and_composition%2F&lang=1">„Population by sex, ethnic nationality and county”</a>. stat.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andmebaas.stat.ee/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=RV0222U">originala</a> na datum 2019-06-11. Pristupljeno 2021-08-30.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Population+by+sex%2C+ethnic+nationality+and+county&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=stat.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190611131932%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DPO0222U%26ti%3DPOPULATION%2BBY%2BSEX%252C%2BETHNIC%2BNATIONALITY%2BAND%2BCOUNTY%252C%2B1%2BJANUARY.%2BADMINISTRATIVE%2BDIVISION%2BAS%2BAT%2B01.01.2018%26path%3D..%252FI_Databas%252FPopulation%252F01Population_indicators_and_composition%252F04Population_figure_and_composition%252F%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525142717/http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Family_and_birth_of_children/">„Family and birth of children”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Family_and_birth_of_children/">originala</a> na datum 2017-05-25. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Family+and+birth+of+children&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170525142717%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FPopulation%2FFamily_and_birth_of_children%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.ee/en/node/183291">„Growth in life expectancy has slowed down, but Estonian people live a longer healthy life”</a>. Statistics Estonia. 25 August 2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Growth+in+life+expectancy+has+slowed+down%2C+but+Estonian+people+live+a+longer+healthy+life&rft.atitle=&rft.date=25+August+2021&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2Fen%2Fnode%2F183291&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506220927/http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Emigration_and_immigration/">„Population/Emigration and immigration”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Population/Emigration_and_immigration/">originala</a> na datum 2017-05-06. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Population%2FEmigration+and+immigration&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170506220927%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FPopulation%2FEmigration_and_immigration%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postimees.ee/67387/eesti-andis-mullu-kodakondsuse-2124-inimesele/">Eesti andis mullu kodakondsuse 2124 inimesele</a>, Postimees. 9. 1. 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/34040?download=true">Naturalisation in Estonia Statement by the Legal Information Centre for Human Rights (Tallinn, Estonia)</a> ([...]the Special Rapporteur considers extremely credible the views of the representatives of the Russian-speaking minorities who expressed that the citizenship policy is discriminatory[...]) </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">↑</a> Kangsepp, Liis (9. 10. 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/estonia-passes-law-recognizing-gay-partnerships-1412857097">„Estonia Passes Law Recognizing Gay Partnerships”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>. Pristupljeno 4. 1. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+Passes+Law+Recognizing+Gay+Partnerships&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kangsepp&rft.aufirst=Liis&rft.au=Kangsepp%2C%26%2332%3BLiis&rft.date=9.+10.+2014&rft.pub=%5B%5BWall+Street+Journal%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Festonia-passes-law-recognizing-gay-partnerships-1412857097&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gay.ru/news/rainbow/2017/01/25-35360.htm">„GAY.RU - В Эстонии однополая пара через суд добилась признания своего брака, заключенного в Швеции”</a>. www.gay.ru. Pristupljeno 2017-01-25.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=GAY.RU+-+%D0%92+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.gay.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gay.ru%2Fnews%2Frainbow%2F2017%2F01%2F25-35360.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-gaystarnews-230"><a href="#cite_ref-gaystarnews_230-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211164209/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/estonia-taken-big-step-marriage-equality/">„Gay couple win right to be married in Estonia”</a>. Gay Star News. 30 January 2017. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/estonia-taken-big-step-marriage-equality/">originala</a> na datum 2018-12-11. Pristupljeno 2021-08-30.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Gay+couple+win+right+to+be+married+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=Gay+Star+News&rft.date=30+January+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20181211164209%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaystarnews.com%2Farticle%2Festonia-taken-big-step-marriage-equality%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-err.ee-231"><a href="#cite_ref-err.ee_231-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/120456/nonprofit-court-orders-entry-of-same-sex-marriage-into-estonian-register">„Nonprofit: Court orders entry of same-sex marriage into Estonian register”</a>. ERR. 25 January 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nonprofit%3A+Court+orders+entry+of+same-sex+marriage+into+Estonian+register&rft.atitle=&rft.date=25+January+2017&rft.pub=ERR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F120456%2Fnonprofit-court-orders-entry-of-same-sex-marriage-into-estonian-register&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PopulationByNationality-232"><a href="#cite_ref-PopulationByNationality_232-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC223&ti=POPULATION+BY+THE+PLACE+OF+RESIDENCE+AND+MOTHER+TONGUE&path=../I_Databas/Population_census/PHC2000/08Ethnic_nationality._Mother_tongue._Command_of_foreign_languages/&lang=1">„Population by the place of residence and mother tongue, statistical database: Population Census 2000”</a>. Statistics Estonia (government agency at the area of administration of the Ministry of Finance). јул 2010. Pristupljeno 19. 6. 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Population+by+the+place+of+residence+and+mother+tongue%2C+statistical+database%3A+Population+Census+2000&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BB+2010&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia+%28government+agency+at+the+area+of+administration+of+the+Ministry+of+Finance%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DPC223%26ti%3DPOPULATION%2BBY%2BTHE%2BPLACE%2BOF%2BRESIDENCE%2BAND%2BMOTHER%2BTONGUE%26path%3D..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation_census%2FPHC2000%2F08Ethnic_nationality._Mother_tongue._Command_of_foreign_languages%2F%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220115230/http://www.siksali.ee/cultour/EE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf">„Culture Tourism in South Estonia and Võru county”</a>. Siksali. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siksali.ee/cultour/EE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2012-02-20. Pristupljeno 2. 7. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Culture+Tourism+in+South+Estonia+and+V%C3%B5ru+county&rft.atitle=Siksali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120220115230%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.siksali.ee%2Fcultour%2FEE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaal.eki.ee/component/content/article/34-murded/46-murded.html">„Estonian Dialects, The Institute of the Estonian Language”</a>. Portaal.eki.ee. Pristupljeno 23. 8. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Dialects%2C+The+Institute+of+the+Estonian+Language&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Portaal.eki.ee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportaal.eki.ee%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F34-murded%2F46-murded.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">↑</a> Laakso, Johanna; Sarhimaa, Anneli; Spiliopoulou Åkermark, Sia; Toivanen, Reeta (4. 2. 2016.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=xQKkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76&dq=Towards+Openly+Multilingual+Policies+and+Practices+V%C3%B5ro+Seto#v=onepage&q=Towards%20Openly%20Multilingual%20Policies%20and%20Practices%20V%C3%B5ro%20Seto&f=false">Towards Openly Multilingual Policies and Practices: Assessing Minority Language Maintenance Across Europe</a> (1 izd.). Bristol; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781783094950" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781783094950">9781783094950</a>. Pristupljeno 23. 12. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+Openly+Multilingual+Policies+and+Practices%3A+Assessing+Minority+Language+Maintenance+Across+Europe&rft.aulast=Laakso&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft.au=Laakso%2C%26%2332%3BJohanna&rft.au=Sarhimaa%2C%26%2332%3BAnneli&rft.au=Spiliopoulou+%C3%85kermark%2C%26%2332%3BSia&rft.au=Toivanen%2C%26%2332%3BReeta&rft.date=4.+2.+2016.&rft.edition=1&rft.place=Bristol%3B+Buffalo&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.isbn=9781783094950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DxQKkCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT76%26dq%3DTowards%2BOpenly%2BMultilingual%2BPolicies%2Band%2BPractices%2BV%25C3%25B5ro%2BSeto%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DTowards%2520Openly%2520Multilingual%2520Policies%2520and%2520Practices%2520V%25C3%25B5ro%2520Seto%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jezici-236"><a href="#cite_ref-Jezici_236-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/The_Estonian_Language/Other__languages_in_Estonia/">„Other languages in Estonia”</a>. Estonica. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Other+languages+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FThe_Estonian_Language%2FOther__languages_in_Estonia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Mrtvi_eksterni_linkovi" title="Wikipedija:Mrtvi eksterni linkovi">mrtav link</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ies.ee/15102000.htm">„Kirch, Aksel. "Russians in contemporary Estonia – different strategies of the integration in to the nation-state."”</a>. Ies.ee. 10. 2. 1998. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kirch%2C+Aksel.+%22Russians+in+contemporary+Estonia+%E2%80%93+different+strategies+of+the+integration+in+to+the+nation-state.%22&rft.atitle=&rft.date=10.+2.+1998&rft.pub=Ies.ee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ies.ee%2F15102000.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/dialog/varval.asp?ma=ML133&ti=POPULATION+AGED+15%2D74+BY+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY+AND+KNOWLEDGE+OF+LANGUAGES&path=../I_databas/Social_life/09Labour_market/02Education/02Educational_level/&search=LANGUAGE&lang=1">Table ML133, Eesti Statistika</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/knn/p2y.htm">„Names of populated places changed with the reform of 1997”</a>. Institute of the Estonian Language. 29. 9. 1998. Pristupljeno 12. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Names+of+populated+places+changed+with+the+reform+of+1997&rft.atitle=&rft.date=29.+9.+1998&rft.pub=Institute+of+the+Estonian+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fknn%2Fp2y.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191208/http://contactpoints.ecml.at/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8lWNTiRd1A4%3D&tabid=1319&language=en-GB">„Estonian Foreign Languages Strategy 2009 – 2015”</a>. Ministry of Education and Research. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contactpoints.ecml.at/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8lWNTiRd1A4%3D&tabid=1319&language=en-GB">originala</a> na datum 3. 3. 2016. Pristupljeno 22. 8. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Foreign+Languages+Strategy+2009+%E2%80%93+2015&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education+and+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160303191208%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fcontactpoints.ecml.at%2FLinkClick.aspx%3Ffileticket%3D8lWNTiRd1A4%253D%26tabid%3D1319%26language%3Den-GB&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC231&ti=POPULATION+BY+RELIGIOUS+AFFILIATION+AND+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY*&path=../I_Databas/Population_census/PHC2000/16Religious_affiliation/&lang=1">„PC231: POPULATION BY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND ETHNIC NATIONALITY”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Estonia (stranica ne postoji)">Statistics Estonia</a>. 31 March 2000. Pristupljeno 9 January 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=PC231%3A+POPULATION+BY+RELIGIOUS+AFFILIATION+AND+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY&rft.atitle=&rft.date=31+March+2000&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatistics+Estonia%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DPC231%26ti%3DPOPULATION%2BBY%2BRELIGIOUS%2BAFFILIATION%2BAND%2BETHNIC%2BNATIONALITY%2A%26path%3D..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation_census%2FPHC2000%2F16Religious_affiliation%2F%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-stat2011-242"><a href="#cite_ref-stat2011_242-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC0454&lang=1">„PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Estonia (stranica ne postoji)">Statistics Estonia</a>. 31 December 2011. Pristupljeno 9 January 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=PC0454%3A+AT+LEAST+15-YEAR-OLD+PERSONS+BY+RELIGION%2C+SEX%2C+AGE+GROUP%2C+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY+AND+COUNTY%2C+31+DECEMBER+2011&rft.atitle=&rft.date=31+December+2011&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatistics+Estonia%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DPC0454%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171124002736/https://www.stat.ee/65352?parent_id=39113">„PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Estonia (stranica ne postoji)">Statistics Estonia</a>. 29 April 2013. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/65352?parent_id=39113">originala</a> na datum 2017-11-24. Pristupljeno 9 January 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=PHC+2011%3A+over+a+quarter+of+the+population+are+affiliated+with+a+particular+religion&rft.atitle=&rft.date=29+April+2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatistics+Estonia%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171124002736%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2F65352%3Fparent_id%3D39113&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol26/sutrop.pdf">Taarapita – the Great God of the Oeselians. Article by Urmas Sutrop</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrancoeurNoonan2004-245"><a href="#cite_ref-FrancoeurNoonan2004_245-0">↑</a> Francoeur, Robert T.; Noonan, Raymond J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/continuumcomplet0000unse">The Continuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality</a>. A&C Black. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/continuumcomplet0000unse/page/361">361</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780826414885" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780826414885">9780826414885</a>. »The dominant religion in Estonia is Evangelical Lutheranism. Estonians were Christianized by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. During the Reformation, Lutheranism spread, and the church was officially established in Estonia in 1686.«<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Complete+International+Encyclopedia+of+Sexuality&rft.aulast=Francoeur&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Francoeur%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+T.&rft.au=Noonan%2C%26%2332%3BRaymond+J.&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontinuumcomplet0000unse%2Fpage%2F361+361%5D&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.isbn=9780826414885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontinuumcomplet0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FrancoeurNoonan-246"><a href="#cite_ref-FrancoeurNoonan_246-0">↑</a> Francoeur, Robert T.; Noonan, Raymond J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/continuumcomplet0000unse">The Continuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality</a>. A&C Black. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/continuumcomplet0000unse/page/n361">361</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780826414885" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780826414885">9780826414885</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Complete+International+Encyclopedia+of+Sexuality&rft.aulast=Francoeur&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Francoeur%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+T.&rft.au=Noonan%2C%26%2332%3BRaymond+J.&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontinuumcomplet0000unse%2Fpage%2Fn361+361%5D&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.isbn=9780826414885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontinuumcomplet0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.country-studies.com/estonia/religion.html">„Estonia – Religion”</a>. Country Studies. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+%E2%80%93+Religion&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Country+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.country-studies.com%2Festonia%2Freligion.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Special_Eurobarometer_393-248"><a href="#cite_ref-Special_Eurobarometer_393_248-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf">Biotechnology report 2010</a> str. 383 </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">↑</a> Crabtree, Steve; Pelham, Brett (9. 2. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/114211/Alabamians-Iranians-Common.aspx">„What Alabamians and Iranians Have in Common”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gallup_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gallup Organization (stranica ne postoji)">Gallup</a>. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+Alabamians+and+Iranians+Have+in+Common&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Crabtree%2C%26%2332%3BSteve&rft.au=Pelham%2C%26%2332%3BBrett&rft.date=9.+2.+2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BThe+Gallup+Organization%7CGallup%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F114211%2FAlabamians-Iranians-Common.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EUROBAROMETER-250">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-EUROBAROMETER_250-0">250,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EUROBAROMETER_250-1">250,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf">„Discrimination in the EU in 2012”</a>, Special Eurobarometer, 383 (European Union: European Commission]): pp. 233, 2012, pristupljeno 14. 8. 2013<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Discrimination+in+the+EU+in+2012&rft.jtitle=Special+Eurobarometer&rft.date=2012&rft.series=383&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B233&rft.place=European+Union&rft.pub=European+Commission%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_393_en.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305170631/https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/estonia">„Churches in Estonia”</a>. Lutheran World Federation. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/estonia">originala</a> na datum 5. 3. 2016. Pristupljeno 16. 2. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Churches+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Lutheran+World+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160305170631%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lutheranworld.org%2Fcountry%2Festonia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">↑</a> Ahto Kaasik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maavald.ee/eng/uudised.html?rubriik=50&id=363&op=lugu">„Old estonian religions”</a>. Maavalla Koda. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Old+estonian+religions&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Ahto+Kaasik&rft.au=Ahto+Kaasik&rft.pub=Maavalla+Koda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maavald.ee%2Feng%2Fuudised.html%3Frubriik%3D50%26id%3D363%26op%3Dlugu&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">↑</a> Barry, Ellen (9. 11. 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/09/world/europe/09iht-estonia.4.18535971.html">„Some Estonians return to pre-Christian animist traditions”</a>. The New York Times.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+Estonians+return+to+pre-Christian+animist+traditions&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.au=Barry%2C%26%2332%3BEllen&rft.date=9.+11.+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F09%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F09iht-estonia.4.18535971.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724195217/http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Settlement/Towns_and_urbanisation/">„Towns and urbanisation”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Eesti Instituut. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/Settlement/Towns_and_urbanisation/">originala</a> na datum 2017-07-24. Pristupljeno 11. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Towns+and+urbanisation&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft.pub=Eesti+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170724195217%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FSociety%2FSettlement%2FTowns_and_urbanisation%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-maddison185-255"><a href="#cite_ref-maddison185_255-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaddison2006">Maddison 2006</a>: str. 185 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaddison2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ÄP-256"><a href="#cite_ref-ÄP_256-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aripaev.ee/uudised/2007/01/29/eesti-majandus-oli-vordsel-tasemel-paapua-uus-guineaga">„Eesti majandus oli võrdsel tasemel Paapua Uus-Guineaga” [Estonia's economy was on the same level with Papua New Guinea]</a> (et). Äripäev. 2007-01-30. Pristupljeno 2019-02-09.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Eesti+majandus+oli+v%C3%B5rdsel+tasemel+Paapua+Uus-Guineaga&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2007-01-30&rft.pub=%C3%84rip%C3%A4ev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aripaev.ee%2Fuudised%2F2007%2F01%2F29%2Feesti-majandus-oli-vordsel-tasemel-paapua-uus-guineaga&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-257"><a href="#cite_ref-heritage_257-0">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mart_Laar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mart Laar (stranica ne postoji)">Laar, Mart</a> (7 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100303174230/http://www.heritage.org/Research/WorldwideFreedom/bg2060.cfm">„The Estonian Economic Miracle”</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/Research/WorldwideFreedom/bg2060.cfm">originala</a> na datum 2010-03-03. Pristupljeno 21 August 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Estonian+Economic+Miracle&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Laar&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Laar%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=7+August+2007&rft.pub=%5B%5BThe+Heritage+Foundation%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100303174230%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2FResearch%2FWorldwideFreedom%2Fbg2060.cfm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170725165843/http://vm.ee/en/estonian-economy-overview">„Еstonian economy overview”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/en/estonian-economy-overview">originala</a> na datum 2017-07-25. Pristupljeno 2021-09-27.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D0%95stonian+economy+overview&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170725165843%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fvm.ee%2Fen%2Festonian-economy-overview&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD">„GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)”</a>. World Bank. Pristupljeno 3. 3. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=GDP+per+capita%2C+PPP+%28current+international+%24%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD">„GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)”</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Pristupljeno 6 January 2020.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=GDP+per+capita%2C+PPP+%28current+international+%24%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BWorld+Bank%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026110910/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">„Heritage - Country Rankings”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">originala</a> na datum 2017-10-26. Pristupljeno 2021-09-27.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Heritage+-+Country+Rankings&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171026110910%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Findex%2Franking&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/estonia/estoniasaccessiontotheoecd.htm">„Estonia’s accession to the OECD”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (stranica ne postoji)">OECD</a>. 9. 12. 2010. Pristupljeno 22. 7. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia%E2%80%99s+accession+to+the+OECD&rft.atitle=&rft.date=9.+12.+2010&rft.pub=%5B%5BOrganisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development%7COECD%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Festonia%2Festoniasaccessiontotheoecd.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-euroreuters-263"><a href="#cite_ref-euroreuters_263-0">↑</a> Mardiste, David (1. 1. 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124013835/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/01/us-estonia-euro-idUSTRE6BU0S720110101">„Estonia joins crisis-hit euro club”</a>. Reuters. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/01/us-estonia-euro-idUSTRE6BU0S720110101">originala</a> na datum 2011-11-24. Pristupljeno 2. 1. 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+joins+crisis-hit+euro+club&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mardiste&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Mardiste%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=1.+1.+2011&rft.series=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111124013835%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2011%2F01%2F01%2Fus-estonia-euro-idUSTRE6BU0S720110101&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-1st_Notif-264"><a href="#cite_ref-1st_Notif_264-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10294648/2-22042020-AP-EN.pdf">„Euro area and EU27 government deficit both at 0.6% of GDP”</a>. Eurostat. Pristupljeno 28 April 2020.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Euro+area+and+EU27+government+deficit+both+at+0.6%25+of+GDP&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10294648%2F2-22042020-AP-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026235113/http://www.struktuurifondid.ee/">„European Union Structural Funds in Estonia”</a>. Struktuurifondid.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://struktuurifondid.ee/">originala</a> na datum 2011-10-26. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=European+Union+Structural+Funds+in+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Struktuurifondid.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111026235113%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.struktuurifondid.ee%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat-266"><a href="#cite_ref-Stat_266-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114194049/https://www.stat.ee/pohinaitajad">„Eesti Statistika – Enim nõutud statistika”</a>. Stat.ee. 23. 3. 2010. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/pohinaitajad">originala</a> na datum 14. 11. 2017. Pristupljeno 5. 6. 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Eesti+Statistika+%E2%80%93+Enim+n%C3%B5utud+statistika&rft.atitle=&rft.date=23.+3.+2010&rft.pub=Stat.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171114194049%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2Fpohinaitajad&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-StatisticsEstonia-267"><a href="#cite_ref-StatisticsEstonia_267-0">↑</a> Aron, Allan; Puura, Evelin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/">„Avaleht – Eesti Statistika”</a>. Stat.ee. Pristupljeno 31. 3. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Avaleht+%E2%80%93+Eesti+Statistika&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Aron&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.au=Aron%2C%26%2332%3BAllan&rft.au=Puura%2C%26%2332%3BEvelin&rft.pub=Stat.ee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBN-268"><a href="#cite_ref-BBN_268-0">↑</a> Koovit, Kaja (1. 6. 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balticbusinessnews.com/?PublicationId=f47e445a-e234-432f-b7b0-137ca0bff47d">„bbn.ee – Half of Estonian GDP is created in Tallinn”</a>. Balticbusinessnews.com. Pristupljeno 5. 6. 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=bbn.ee+%E2%80%93+Half+of+Estonian+GDP+is+created+in+Tallinn&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Koovit&rft.aufirst=Kaja&rft.au=Koovit%2C%26%2332%3BKaja&rft.date=1.+6.+2011&rft.pub=Balticbusinessnews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balticbusinessnews.com%2F%3FPublicationId%3Df47e445a-e234-432f-b7b0-137ca0bff47d&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistics-269"><a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_269-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/dokumendid/30210">Half of the gross domestic product of Estonia is created in Tallinn</a>. Statistics Estonia. Stat.ee. 29. 9. 2008. Приступљено 23. 12. 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm">„Unemployment rate”</a>. OECD.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Unemployment+rate&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Funemp%2Funemployment-rate.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate-by-age-group.htm">„Unemployment rate by age group”</a>. OECD.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Unemployment+rate+by+age+group&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Funemp%2Funemployment-rate-by-age-group.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">↑</a> Zumbrun, Joshua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/08/economics-iceland-ireland-business-beltway-countries_slide_4.html">„In Pictures: The World's Hardest-Hit Economies”</a>. Forbes.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+The+World%27s+Hardest-Hit+Economies&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Zumbrun&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Zumbrun%2C%26%2332%3BJoshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F08%2Feconomics-iceland-ireland-business-beltway-countries_slide_4.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/47691090/">„Estonia Uses the Euro, and the Economy is Booming”</a>. CNBC. 5. 6. 2012. Pristupljeno 13. 6. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia+Uses+the+Euro%2C+and+the+Economy+is+Booming&rft.atitle=&rft.date=5.+6.+2012&rft.pub=CNBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fid%2F47691090%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/workpap/pdf/2012/wp2012-03.pdf">„The Great Shift: Macroeconomic projections for the world economy at the 2050 horizon”</a>. France: CEPII. фебруар 2012. Pristupljeno 21. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Great+Shift%3A+Macroeconomic+projections+for+the+world+economy+at+the+2050+horizon&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80+2012&rft.place=France&rft.pub=CEPII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepii.fr%2Fanglaisgraph%2Fworkpap%2Fpdf%2F2012%2Fwp2012-03.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203145540/http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Structure_of_the_economy/">„Structure of the Estonian economy”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Structure_of_the_economy/">originala</a> na datum 2017-02-03. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Structure+of+the+Estonian++economy&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170203145540%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FEconomy%2FGeneral_overview_of_Estonian_economy%2FStructure_of_the_economy%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">↑</a> Thomann, Andreas (6. 9. 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423065304/https://infocus.credit-suisse.com/app/article/index.cfm?fuseaction=OpenArticle&aoid=163167&coid=7805&lang=EN">„Skype – A Baltic Success Story”</a>. credit-suisse.com. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infocus.credit-suisse.com/app/article/index.cfm?fuseaction=OpenArticle&aoid=163167&coid=7805&lang=EN">originala</a> na datum 23. 4. 2012. Pristupljeno 24. 2. 2008.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Skype+%E2%80%93+A+Baltic+Success+Story&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Thomann&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Thomann%2C%26%2332%3BAndreas&rft.date=6.+9.+2006&rft.pub=credit-suisse.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120423065304%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Finfocus.credit-suisse.com%2Fapp%2Farticle%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3DOpenArticle%26aoid%3D163167%26coid%3D7805%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r42229218">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045815/http://www.stat.ee/18533">"The biggest share of the gross domestic product of Estonia is continuously created in Harju county"</a> (Press release). Statistics Estonia. 26. 9. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/18533">the original</a> on 08. 08. 2014. Retrieved 11. 8. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+biggest+share+of+the+gross+domestic+product+of+Estonia+is+continuously+created+in+Harju+county&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2F18533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%3AEstonija" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Cite_press_release" title="Šablon:Cite press release">cite press release</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code>, and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">↑</a> Laansalu, Ants (9. 10. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316114042/http://www.estonica.org/en/The_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001/Crisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s/?r=%2Fen%2FThe_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001%2FCrisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s%2F">„Crisis in agriculture in the 1990s”</a>. The rural economy in Estonia until 2001. Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/The_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001/Crisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s/?r=%2Fen%2FThe_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001%2FCrisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s%2F">originala</a> na datum 2017-03-16. Pristupljeno 15. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+agriculture+in+the+1990s&rft.atitle=The+rural+economy+in+Estonia+until+2001&rft.aulast=Laansalu&rft.aufirst=Ants&rft.au=Laansalu%2C%26%2332%3BAnts&rft.date=9.+10.+2009&rft.pub=Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170316114042%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FThe_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001%2FCrisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s%2F%3Fr%3D%252Fen%252FThe_rural_economy_in_Estonia_until_2001%252FCrisis_in_agriculture_in_the_1990s%252F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321020438/http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Agriculture_and_forestry/">„Structure of the Estonian economy // Agriculture and forestry”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Agriculture_and_forestry/">originala</a> na datum 2017-03-21. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Structure+of+the+Estonian+economy+%2F%2F+Agriculture+and+forestry&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170321020438%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FEconomy%2FGeneral_overview_of_Estonian_economy%2FAgriculture_and_forestry%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ministry-280"><a href="#cite_ref-ministry_280-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401064414/http://www.envir.ee/67248">„Forestry Management”</a>. Estonian Ministry of the Environment. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envir.ee/67248">originala</a> na datum 1 April 2013. Pristupljeno 15 May 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Forestry+Management&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonian+Ministry+of+the+Environment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130401064414%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.envir.ee%2F67248&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104181758/http://www.ut.ee/BGGM/maavara/dityoneema.html">„Uranium production at Sillamäe”</a>. Ut.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ut.ee/BGGM/maavara/dityoneema.html">originala</a> na datum 2015-01-04. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Uranium+production+at+Sillam%C3%A4e&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Ut.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150104181758%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ut.ee%2FBGGM%2Fmaavara%2Fdityoneema.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">↑</a> Rofer, Cheryl K.; Kaasik, Tõnis (2000). Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia. Volume 28 of NATO science series: Disarmament technologies. Springer. str. 229. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7923-6187-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7923-6187-9">978-0-7923-6187-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+a+Problem+into+a+Resource%3A+Remediation+and+Waste+Management+at+the+Sillam%C3%A4e+Site%2C+Estonia&rft.aulast=Rofer&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+K.&rft.au=Rofer%2C%26%2332%3BCheryl+K.&rft.au=Kaasik%2C%26%2332%3BT%C3%B5nis&rft.date=2000&rft.series=Volume+28+of+NATO+science+series%3A+Disarmament+technologies&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B229&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-6187-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">↑</a> Reigas, Anneli (1 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5itXbI57zv-lwfcaFdBdh7UZXuVuA?docId=CNG.a00f68010092a06189a0276c763e93a4.141">„Estonia's rare earth break China's market grip”</a>. Agence France-Presse. Pristupljeno 1 December 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonia%27s+rare+earth+break+China%27s+market+grip&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Reigas&rft.aufirst=Anneli&rft.au=Reigas%2C%26%2332%3BAnneli&rft.date=1+December+2010&rft.series=Agence+France-Presse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5itXbI57zv-lwfcaFdBdh7UZXuVuA%3FdocId%3DCNG.a00f68010092a06189a0276c763e93a4.141&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Индустрија-284">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Индустрија_284-0">284,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Индустрија_284-1">284,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001756/http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Processing_industry/">„Structure of the Estonian economy // Processing industry”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Processing_industry/">originala</a> na datum 2017-04-10. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Structure+of+the+Estonian++economy+%2F%2F+Processing+industry&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170410001756%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FEconomy%2FGeneral_overview_of_Estonian_economy%2FProcessing_industry%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-audit-285"><a href="#cite_ref-audit_285-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213120049/https://www.riigikontroll.ee/DesktopModules/DigiDetail/FileDownloader.aspx?AuditId=2314&FileId=13239">„Actions of the state in directing the use of oil shale. Does the state guarantee that oil shale reserves are used sustainably? Report of the National Audit Office to the Riigikogu”</a> (PDF). National Audit Office of Estonia. 19. 11. 2014. str. 7–14; 29. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikontroll.ee/DesktopModules/DigiDetail/FileDownloader.aspx?AuditId=2314&FileId=13239">originala</a> na datum 13. 12. 2018. Pristupljeno 7. 1. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Actions+of+the+state+in+directing+the+use+of+oil+shale.+Does+the+state+guarantee+that+oil+shale+reserves+are+used+sustainably%3F+Report+of+the+National+Audit+Office+to+the+Riigikogu&rft.atitle=&rft.date=19.+11.+2014&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B7%E2%80%9314%3B+29&rft.pub=National+Audit+Office+of+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20181213120049%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikontroll.ee%2FDesktopModules%2FDigiDetail%2FFileDownloader.aspx%3FAuditId%3D2314%26FileId%3D13239&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508121023/https://valitsus.ee/UserFiles/valitsus/et/valitsus/arengukavad/keskkonnaministeerium/P%C3%B5levkivi%20kasutamise%20riikliku%20arengukava%20t%C3%A4itmise%20aruanne%202011.pdf#">„"Põlevkivi kasutamise riikliku arengukava 2008–2015" 2011. a täitmise aruanne”</a>. Valitsus.ee. 6. 9. 2012. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valitsus.ee/UserFiles/valitsus/et/valitsus/arengukavad/keskkonnaministeerium/Põlevkivi%20kasutamise%20riikliku%20arengukava%20täitmise%20aruanne%202011.pdf">originala</a> na datum 8. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%22P%C3%B5levkivi+kasutamise+riikliku+arengukava+2008%E2%80%932015%22+2011.+a+t%C3%A4itmise+aruanne&rft.atitle=&rft.date=6.+9.+2012&rft.pub=Valitsus.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130508121023%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fvalitsus.ee%2FUserFiles%2Fvalitsus%2Fet%2Fvalitsus%2Farengukavad%2Fkeskkonnaministeerium%2FP%25C3%25B5levkivi%2520kasutamise%2520riikliku%2520arengukava%2520t%25C3%25A4itmise%2520aruanne%25202011.pdf%23&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/EWEA_Annual_Statistics_2010.pdf">Wind in power 2010 European statistics</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=EWEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EWEA (stranica ne postoji)">EWEA</a>. фебруар (2011). pp. 4. и 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/?path=0x139x173">„Estonian Wind Power Association”</a>. Tuuleenergia.ee. Pristupljeno 2 June 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+Wind+Power+Association&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Tuuleenergia.ee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuuleenergia.ee%2F%3Fpath%3D0x139x173&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwx.postimees.ee/211007/esileht/majandus/290763.php">Peipsile võib kerkida mitusada tuulikut</a>, Postimees. 21 October 2007 (in Estonian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822013819/http://wwx.postimees.ee/211007/esileht/majandus/290763.php">Arhivirano</a> 22 August 2013 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">↑</a> Henrik Ilves <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arileht.delfi.ee/news/uudised/tuule-puudmine-on-saanud-eesti-kullapalavikuks.d?id=51133036">Tuule püüdmine on saanud Eesti kullapalavikuks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102082217/http://arileht.delfi.ee/news/uudised/tuule-puudmine-on-saanud-eesti-kullapalavikuks.d?id=51133036">Arhivirano</a> 2013-11-02 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_P%C3%A4evaleht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Päevaleht (stranica ne postoji)">Eesti Päevaleht</a>. 13 June 2008 (in Estonian) </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordpoolspot.com/">„Nord Pool”</a>. Nordpoolspot.com. Pristupljeno 23 July 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nord+Pool&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nordpoolspot.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nordpoolspot.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Саобраћај-292">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Саобраћај_292-0">292,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Саобраћај_292-1">292,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Саобраћај_292-2">292,2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001811/http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Transit_and_transport/">„General overview of Estonian economy // Transit and transport”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Transit_and_transport/">originala</a> na datum 2017-04-10. Pristupljeno 22. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+economy+%2F%2F+Transit+and+transport&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170410001811%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FEconomy%2FGeneral_overview_of_Estonian_economy%2FTransit_and_transport%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-293">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_293-0">293,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_293-1">293,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmo.ee/estonia-becomes-the-first-in-the-world-to-open-a-nationwide-ev-fast-charging-network/">ESTONIA BECOMES THE FIRST IN THE WORLD TO OPEN A NATIONWIDE EV FAST-CHARGING NETWORK</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreign-294"><a href="#cite_ref-foreign_294-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730224039/https://www.stat.ee/news-release-2019-018">„Last year, trade increased”</a>. Statistics Estonia. 18 April 2019. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.ee/news-release-2019-018">originala</a> na datum 2020-07-30. Pristupljeno 2021-11-01.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Last+year%2C+trade+increased&rft.atitle=&rft.date=18+April+2019&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200730224039%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2Fnews-release-2019-018&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-295"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_295-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tallinn-airport.ee/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TLL-traffic-2019-short.pdf">„Tallinn Airport Traffic report 2019”</a>. 2020-01-02. Pristupljeno 2020-01-06.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tallinn+Airport+Traffic+report+2019&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2020-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tallinn-airport.ee%2Fwordpress%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F01%2FTLL-traffic-2019-short.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">↑</a> Purju, Alari (29. 2. 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211234844/http://www.tse.fi/FI/yksikot/erillislaitokset/pei/Documents/bre2008/expert_article172_12008.pdf">„Transit trade through Estonia: problems and developments”</a>. University of Turku, Pan-European Institute. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.fi/FI/yksikot/erillislaitokset/pei/Documents/bre2008/expert_article172_12008.pdf">originala</a> na datum 11. 2. 2012. Pristupljeno 21. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Transit+trade+through+Estonia%3A+problems+and+developments&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Purju&rft.aufirst=Alari&rft.au=Purju%2C%26%2332%3BAlari&rft.date=29.+2.+2008&rft.pub=University+of+Turku%2C+Pan-European+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120211234844%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tse.fi%2FFI%2Fyksikot%2Ferillislaitokset%2Fpei%2FDocuments%2Fbre2008%2Fexpert_article172_12008.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">↑</a> Tubalkain-Trell, Marge (19. 6. 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811214935/http://www.bbn.ee/?PublicationId=43ce440f-713d-4469-ae85-5e9d12ddb2e1">„Estonian businessman: Estonian transit will struggle another 10 years”</a>. Baltic Business News. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbn.ee/?PublicationId=43ce440f-713d-4469-ae85-5e9d12ddb2e1">originala</a> na datum 11. 08. 2014. Pristupljeno 21. 8. 2012.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+businessman%3A+Estonian+transit+will+struggle+another+10+years&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Tubalkain-Trell&rft.aufirst=Marge&rft.au=Tubalkain-Trell%2C%26%2332%3BMarge&rft.date=19.+6.+2008&rft.pub=Baltic+Business+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140811214935%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbn.ee%2F%3FPublicationId%3D43ce440f-713d-4469-ae85-5e9d12ddb2e1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Туризам-298"><a href="#cite_ref-Туризам_298-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410002040/http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Tourism/">„General overview of Estonian economy // Tourism”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Economy/General_overview_of_Estonian_economy/Tourism/">originala</a> na datum 2017-04-10. Pristupljeno 22. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=General+overview+of+Estonian+economy+%2F%2F+Tourism&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170410002040%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FEconomy%2FGeneral_overview_of_Estonian_economy%2FTourism%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922031601/https://www.statista.com/statistics/413221/number-of-arrivals-spent-in-short-stay-accommodation-in-estonia/">„Number of arrivals in tourist accommodation in Estonia from 2006 to 2019 (in millions)”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statista" class="mw-redirect" title="Statista">Statista</a>. 2021. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/413221/number-of-arrivals-spent-in-short-stay-accommodation-in-estonia/">originala</a> na datum 22 September 2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Number+of+arrivals+in+tourist+accommodation+in+Estonia+from+2006+to+2019+%28in+millions%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=%5B%5BStatista%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210922031601%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F413221%2Fnumber-of-arrivals-spent-in-short-stay-accommodation-in-estonia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=ny_gnp_pcap_pp_cd&idim=country:EST:LTU:LVA&hl=en&dl=en">„GNI per capita in PPP dollars for Baltic states”</a>. Google WorldBank. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=GNI+per+capita+in+PPP+dollars+for+Baltic+states&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Google+WorldBank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fpublicdata%2Fexplore%3Fds%3Dd5bncppjof8f9_%26met_y%3Dny_gnp_pcap_pp_cd%26idim%3Dcountry%3AEST%3ALTU%3ALVA%26hl%3Den%26dl%3Den&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAworld-301"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAworld_301-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5frSfZeR7?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html">„CIA World Factbook: Estonia”</a>. Cia.gov. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html">originala</a> na datum 7. 4. 2009. Pristupljeno 23. 12. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook%3A+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2F5frSfZeR7%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fen.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fl.ut.ee/368372">„Ajaloost: Koolihariduse algusest”</a> (et). University of Tartu. 24. 3. 2010. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ajaloost%3A+Koolihariduse+algusest&rft.atitle=&rft.date=24.+3.+2010&rft.pub=University+of+Tartu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fl.ut.ee%2F368372&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Mrtvi_eksterni_linkovi" title="Wikipedija:Mrtvi eksterni linkovi">mrtav link</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hm.ee/index.php">„Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium”</a>. Hm.ee. Pristupljeno 23. 12. 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Haridus-+ja+Teadusministeerium&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Hm.ee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hm.ee%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090617071702/http://www.ekk.edu.ee/ehis/failid/koolide_kontaktid.xls">„Koolide, huvikoolide, koolieelsete lasteasutuste kontaktandmed”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekk.edu.ee/ehis/failid/koolide_kontaktid.xls">originala</a> na datum 17. 6. 2009. Pristupljeno 17. 9. 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Koolide%2C+huvikoolide%2C+koolieelsete+lasteasutuste+kontaktandmed&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090617071702%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekk.edu.ee%2Fehis%2Ffailid%2Fkoolide_kontaktid.xls&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> . Estonian Education Infosystem (на језику: естонски). </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/pisa/PISA-results_ENGLISH.png">„PISA Results (2018)”</a>. OECD. Pristupljeno 9. 11. 2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=PISA+Results+%282018%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fpisa%2FPISA-results_ENGLISH.png&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/estonia/.">„OECD Better Life Index”</a>. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=OECD+Better+Life+Index&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecdbetterlifeindex.org%2Fcountries%2Festonia%2F.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EurydiceSummary-307"><a href="#cite_ref-EurydiceSummary_307-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316213225/https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Estonia:Higher_Education">„National summary sheets on education systems in Europe and ongoing reforms: Estonia”</a>. Eurydice. фебруар 2009. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Estonia:Higher_Education">originala</a> na datum 16. 03. 2017. Pristupljeno 19. 9. 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=National+summary+sheets+on+education+systems+in+Europe+and+ongoing+reforms%3A+Estonia&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80+2009&rft.pub=Eurydice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170316213225%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwebgate.ec.europa.eu%2Ffpfis%2Fmwikis%2Feurydice%2Findex.php%2FEstonia%3AHigher_Education&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-tartu">„University of Tartu”</a>. www.topuniversities.com.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=University+of+Tartu&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.topuniversities.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversities%2Funiversity-tartu&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/best-universities-in-europe-2016">Best universities in Europe 2016</a> Times Higher Education, 10. 3. 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akadeemia.ee/en/membership/">Membership</a>, web page at the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Accessed on line April 9, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalja-311"><a href="#cite_ref-Kalja_311-0">↑</a> Kalja, E.; Pruuden; Tamm; Tyugu (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5EiaAAAAIAAJ">„Two Families of Knowledge Based CAD Environments”</a>. u: Kochan, Detlef. Software for manufacturing: proceedings of the 7th International IFIP/IFAC Conference on Software for Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 14–17 June 1988. North-Holland. str. 125–134. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-444-87342-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-444-87342-2">978-0-444-87342-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Two+Families+of+Knowledge+Based+CAD+Environments&rft.atitle=Software+for+manufacturing%3A+proceedings+of+the+7th+International+IFIP%2FIFAC+Conference+on+Software+for+Computer+Integrated+Manufacturing%2C+Dresden%2C+German+Democratic+Republic%2C+14%E2%80%9317+June+1988&rft.aulast=Kalja&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Kalja%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.au=Pruuden&rft.au=Tamm&rft.au=Tyugu&rft.date=1989&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B125%E2%80%93134&rft.pub=North-Holland&rft.isbn=978-0-444-87342-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5EiaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jaakkola-312"><a href="#cite_ref-Jaakkola_312-0">↑</a> Jaakkola, A.; Kalja (1997). „Estonian Information Technology Policy in Government, Industry and Research”. Technology Management: Strategies and Applications 3 (3): 299–307.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estonian+Information+Technology+Policy+in+Government%2C+Industry+and+Research&rft.jtitle=Technology+Management%3A+Strategies+and+Applications&rft.aulast=Jaakkola&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Jaakkola%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Kalja&rft.date=1997&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299%E2%80%93307&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS/countries/1W-EE-EU?display=graph">„Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)”</a>. World Bank. 2011. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Research+and+development+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.atitle=World+Bank&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FGB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS%2Fcountries%2F1W-EE-EU%3Fdisplay%3Dgraph&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187/">„Struve Geodetic Arc”</a> (English). UNESCO World Heritage List. 2005. Pristupljeno 10 July 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Struve+Geodetic+Arc&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1187%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202122549/http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_intro.htm">„Archived copy”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_intro.htm">originala</a> na datum 2008-12-02. Pristupljeno 2008-05-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20081202122549%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fig.net%2Fhsm%2Fstruve%2Fstruve_intro.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">↑</a> Viik, Tõnu (27–29 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viik.planet.ee/Struve_report_Moldova.pdf">„How F.G.W. Struve started his ambitious project?”</a> (English). Pristupljeno 10 July 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+F.G.W.+Struve+started+his+ambitious+project%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Viik&rft.aufirst=T%C3%B5nu&rft.au=Viik%2C%26%2332%3BT%C3%B5nu&rft.date=27%E2%80%9329+September+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fviik.planet.ee%2FStruve_report_Moldova.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Традиција-317"><a href="#cite_ref-Традиција_317-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214080157/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Traditional_folk_culture/">„Traditional folk culture”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Traditional_folk_culture/">originala</a> na datum 2017-02-14. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Traditional+folk+culture&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170214080157%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FCulture%2FTraditional_folk_culture%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">↑</a> Sadie, Stanley (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I4YAAAAIAAJ">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a>. Macmillan Publishers. str. 358. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-333-23111-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-333-23111-1">978-0-333-23111-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.aulast=Sadie&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Sadie%2C%26%2332%3BStanley&rft.date=1980&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B358&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-0-333-23111-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I4YAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">↑</a> Muir, Edward (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlULqJ70bDUC">Ritual in Early Modern Europe</a>. Cambridge University Press. str. 102. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-84153-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-84153-5">978-0-521-84153-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ritual+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Muir%2C%26%2332%3BEdward&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B102&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84153-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlULqJ70bDUC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">↑</a> Herder, Johann Gottfried von; Müller, J. von (1807). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qGEHAAAAQAAJ">Stimmen der Völker in Liedern</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stimmen+der+V%C3%B6lker+in+Liedern&rft.aulast=Herder&rft.aufirst=Johann+Gottfried+von&rft.au=Herder%2C%26%2332%3BJohann+Gottfried+von&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+von&rft.date=1807&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqGEHAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">↑</a> Volkslieder, Estnische (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VXACAAAAQAAJ">Ehstnische Volkslieder, Urschrift und Uebers. von H. Neus</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ehstnische+Volkslieder%2C+Urschrift+und+Uebers.+von+H.+Neus&rft.aulast=Volkslieder&rft.aufirst=Estnische&rft.au=Volkslieder%2C%26%2332%3BEstnische&rft.date=1850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVXACAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/193608/Estonian-literature">„Estonian literature”</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2015.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+literature&rft.atitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F193608%2FEstonian-literature&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owQBH74N8CIC&pg">Aspects of Altaic Civilization by Denis Sinor</a>. 1524. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7007-0380-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7007-0380-7">978-0-7007-0380-7</a>. pp. </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnckpL8auSIC&pg">Dictionary of Languages By Andrew Dalby. pp. 182</a>. 1535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-231-11569-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-231-11569-8">978-0-231-11569-8</a>. pp. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Literature/Seeking_the_contours_of_a_%E2%80%98truly%E2%80%99_Estonian_literature/">Seeking the contours of a 'truly' Estonian literature</a> Estonica.org </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Literature/Literature_and_an_independent_Estonia/">Literature and an independent Estonia </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121155209/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Literature/Literature_and_an_independent_Estonia/">Arhivirano</a> 2018-11-21 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Estonica.org </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">↑</a> Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005054341/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/tammsaar.htm">„Anton Tammsaare”</a>. Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/tammsaar.htm">originala</a> na datum 5. 10. 2007. Pristupljeno 7. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Anton+Tammsaare&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft.au=Liukkonen%2C%26%2332%3BPetri&rft.place=Finland&rft.pub=Kuusankoski+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20071005054341%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Ftammsaar.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">↑</a> Sir George Grove; Sadie, Stanley (June 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I4YAAAAIAAJ">The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians</a>. Macmillan Publishers. str. 358. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-333-23111-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-333-23111-1">978-0-333-23111-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+dictionary+of+music+and+musicians&rft.aulast=Sir+George+Grove&rft.au=Sir+George+Grove&rft.au=Sadie%2C%26%2332%3BStanley&rft.date=June+1980&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B358&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-0-333-23111-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I4YAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kultuur.postimees.ee/1774889/parimusmuusika-ait-loob-uksed-valla">Postimees: Pärimusmuusika ait lööb uksed valla</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095636/https://kultuur.postimees.ee/1774889/parimusmuusika-ait-loob-uksed-valla">Arhivirano</a> 2017-10-24 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403081355/http://www.postimees.ee/270308/esileht/kultuur/319974.php">Архивирано</a> 3. 4. 2008. на <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">↑</a> Margus Haav <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwx.postimees.ee/270308/esileht/kultuur/319974.php">Pärimusmuusika ait lööb uksed valla (Estonian Native Music Preserving Centre is opened)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912151814/http://wwx.postimees.ee/270308/esileht/kultuur/319974.php">Arhivirano</a> 12 September 2012 na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.is (stranica ne postoji)">Archive.is-u</a>. Postimees. 27 March 2008 (in Estonian) </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sa.laulupidu.ee/en/">The 12th Estonian youth song and dance celebration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706073054/http://sa.laulupidu.ee/en/">Arhivirano</a> 6 July 2017 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>. Estonian Song and Dance Celebration Foundation </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bachtrack.com/top-ten-statistics-classical-music-2014">„2014 Classical music statistics: Lis(z)tmania”</a>. Bachtrack.com. 8 January 2015. Pristupljeno 31 March 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=2014+Classical+music+statistics%3A+Lis%28z%29tmania&rft.atitle=&rft.date=8+January+2015&rft.pub=Bachtrack.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbachtrack.com%2Ftop-ten-statistics-classical-music-2014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">↑</a> Bachtrack, 8 January 2015 (8. 1. 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bachtrack.com/top-ten-statistics-classical-music-2014">„2014 Classical music statistics: Lis(z)tmania | by Bachtrack for classical music, opera, ballet and dance event reviews”</a>. Bachtrack.com. Pristupljeno 31. 3. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=2014+Classical+music+statistics%3A+Lis%28z%29tmania+%26%23124%3B+by+Bachtrack+for+classical+music%2C+opera%2C+ballet+and+dance+event+reviews&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Bachtrack%2C+8+January+2015&rft.au=Bachtrack%2C+8+January+2015&rft.date=8.+1.+2015&rft.pub=Bachtrack.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbachtrack.com%2Ftop-ten-statistics-classical-music-2014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mus-col.com/en/the-authors/22453/">„Ots, Georg”</a>. Museum Collection. 2021. Pristupljeno 17 November 2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ots%2C+Georg&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Museum+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmus-col.com%2Fen%2Fthe-authors%2F22453%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Сликарство-335">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Сликарство_335-0">335,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Сликарство_335-1">335,1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215232212/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Art/When_did_Estonian_art_begin/">„When did Estonian art begin?”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Art/When_did_Estonian_art_begin/">originala</a> na datum 2017-02-15. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=When+did+Estonian+art+begin%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170215232212%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FCulture%2FArt%2FWhen_did_Estonian_art_begin%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125220805/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Art/At_the_crossroads_of_cultures/">„At the crossroads of cultures”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Art/At_the_crossroads_of_cultures/">originala</a> na datum 2022-01-25. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=At+the+crossroads+of+cultures&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20220125220805%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FCulture%2FArt%2FAt_the_crossroads_of_cultures%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekm.ee/en/art-collections/painting-collection">„Painting Collection”</a>. Art Museum of Estonia. Pristupljeno 26. 2. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Painting+Collection&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Art+Museum+of+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekm.ee%2Fen%2Fart-collections%2Fpainting-collection&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/822">„Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn”</a>. UNESCO. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Historic+Centre+%28Old+Town%29+of+Tallinn&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F822&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Miljan_2004_104-339"><a href="#cite_ref-Miljan_2004_104_339-0">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj">Historical Dictionary of Estonia</a>. Scarecrow Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj/page/104">104</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-4904-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-4904-4">978-0-8108-4904-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj%2Fpage%2F104+104%5D&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4904-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216070328/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Architecture/What_we_consider_our_own/">„What we consider our own”</a>. Encyclopedia Estonica. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Architecture/What_we_consider_our_own/">originala</a> na datum 2017-02-16. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+we+consider+our+own&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Estonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170216070328%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FCulture%2FArchitecture%2FWhat_we_consider_our_own%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Viirand_2004_9-341"><a href="#cite_ref-Viirand_2004_9_341-0">↑</a> Viirand, Tiiu (2004). Estonia. Cultural Tourism. Kunst Publishers. str. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9949-407-18-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9949-407-18-7">978-9949-407-18-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia.+Cultural+Tourism&rft.aulast=Viirand&rft.aufirst=Tiiu&rft.au=Viirand%2C%26%2332%3BTiiu&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B9&rft.pub=Kunst+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-9949-407-18-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">↑</a> Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj">Historical Dictionary of Estonia</a>. Scarecrow Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000milj/page/104">104</a>–105. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-4904-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-4904-4">978-0-8108-4904-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj%2Fpage%2F104+104%5D%E2%80%93105&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4904-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000milj&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">↑</a> Hallas-Murula, Karin (2010). Tallinna Juugedarhitektuur: Jacques Rosenbaum (1878—1944). Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9985-9828-7-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9985-9828-7-7">978-9985-9828-7-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tallinna+Juugedarhitektuur%3A+Jacques+Rosenbaum+%281878%E2%80%941944%29&rft.aulast=Hallas-Murula&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.au=Hallas-Murula%2C%26%2332%3BKarin&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Eesti+Arhitektuurimuuseum&rft.isbn=978-9985-9828-7-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216070328/http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Architecture/What_we_consider_our_own/">„What we consider our own”</a>. Estonica.org. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/en/Culture/Architecture/What_we_consider_our_own/">originala</a> na datum 2017-02-16. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+we+consider+our+own&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Estonica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170216070328%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonica.org%2Fen%2FCulture%2FArchitecture%2FWhat_we_consider_our_own%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">↑</a> O'Connor, Kevin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpR0-OrrwssC">Culture and Customs of the Baltic States</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-313-33125-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-313-33125-1">978-0-313-33125-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C%26%2332%3BKevin&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33125-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpR0-OrrwssC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EE-346"><a href="#cite_ref-EE_346-0">↑</a> Masters, Tom (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eiIpe99dL5MC">Eastern Europe</a>. Lonely Planet. str. 328. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-74104-476-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-74104-476-8">978-1-74104-476-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Masters%2C%26%2332%3BTom&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B328&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-476-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeiIpe99dL5MC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">↑</a> Arjakas, Küllö; Jõeste, Marje (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mY1pAAAAMAAJ">The Baltic states: a reference book</a>. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-5-89900-017-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-5-89900-017-1">978-5-89900-017-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+states%3A+a+reference+book&rft.aulast=Arjakas&rft.aufirst=K%C3%BCll%C3%B6&rft.au=Arjakas%2C%26%2332%3BK%C3%BCll%C3%B6&rft.au=J%C3%B5este%2C%26%2332%3BMarje&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=Estonian+Encyclopaedia+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-5-89900-017-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmY1pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927202203/http://www.einst.ee/publications/kultuur/cinema.html">„Estonian culture - cinema”</a>. Einst.ee. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einst.ee/publications/kultuur/cinema.html">originala</a> na datum 27 September 2006. Pristupljeno 21 August 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estonian+culture+-+cinema&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Einst.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060927202203%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.einst.ee%2Fpublications%2Fkultuur%2Fcinema.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Connor-349"><a href="#cite_ref-Connor_349-0">↑</a> O'Connor, Kevin (21 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpR0-OrrwssC&pg">„Culture and Customs of the Baltic States”</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. Pristupljeno 21 August 2017.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C%26%2332%3BKevin&rft.date=21+August+2017&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpR0-OrrwssC%26pg&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">↑</a> Frucht, Richard (2005). Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. str. 97. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-57607-800-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-57607-800-6">978-1-57607-800-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+an+introduction+to+the+people%2C+lands%2C+and+culture%2C+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Frucht%2C%26%2332%3BRichard&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B97&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-800-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija">  </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=49" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura">uredi kod</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_D%27Amato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe D'Amato (stranica ne postoji)">Giuseppe D'Amato</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarussia.com/books/viaggio_nellhansa_baltica/travel-to-the-baltic-hansa">Travel to the Baltic Hansa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516034324/http://www.europarussia.com/books/viaggio_nellhansa_baltica/travel-to-the-baltic-hansa">Arhivirano</a> 2011-05-16 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>. The European Union and its enlargement to the East. Book in Italian. Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica. L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est. Greco&Greco editori, Milano, 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/88-7980-355-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/88-7980-355-7">88-7980-355-7</a></li> <li>Buttar, Prit. Between Giants, the Battle for the Baltics in World War II. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781780961637" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781780961637">9781780961637</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Giants%2C+the+Battle+for+the+Baltics+in+World+War+II&rft.aulast=Buttar&rft.aufirst=Prit&rft.au=Buttar%2C%26%2332%3BPrit&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781780961637&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Buttar, Prit. Between Giants. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-78096-163-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-78096-163-7">978-1-78096-163-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Giants&rft.aulast=Buttar&rft.aufirst=Prit&rft.au=Buttar%2C%26%2332%3BPrit&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-163-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Cole, Jeffrey (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupseuro00cole">Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupseuro00cole/page/124">124</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781598843026" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781598843026">9781598843026</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Europe%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Cole%2C%26%2332%3BJeffrey&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnicgroupseuro00cole%2Fpage%2F124+124%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781598843026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnicgroupseuro00cole&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Estonska akademija nauka (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q3mK64Ef2MQC">Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology</a>. Estonian Academy Publishers.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Estonian+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Geology&rft.aulast=Estonska+akademija+nauka&rft.au=Estonska+akademija+nauka&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Estonian+Academy+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3mK64Ef2MQC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Frucht, Richard C. (2005). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781576078006" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781576078006">9781576078006</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft.au=Frucht%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+C.&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Volume+1.+ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781576078006&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Hiden, John; Salmon, Patrick (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticnationseur0000hide_j1c1">The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century</a>. London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-582-08246-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-582-08246-3">0-582-08246-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+Nations+and+Europe%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.aulast=Hiden&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Hiden%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.au=Salmon%2C%26%2332%3BPatrick&rft.date=1991&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.isbn=0-582-08246-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticnationseur0000hide_j1c1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Energy_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Energy Agency (stranica ne postoji)">IEA</a> (2013). Estonia 2013. Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1787%2F9789264190801-en">10.1787/9789264190801-en</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-92-6419079-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-92-6419079-5">978-92-6419079-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2307-0897">2307-0897</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+2013&rft.aulast=%5B%5BInternational+Energy+Agency%7CIEA%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BInternational+Energy+Agency%7CIEA%5D%5D&rft.date=2013&rft.series=Energy+Policies+Beyond+IEA+Countries&rft_id=info:doi/10.1787%2F9789264190801-en&rft.isbn=978-92-6419079-5&rft.issn=2307-0897&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Jokipii, Mauno (1992). Jokipii, Mauno. ur (sv). Baltisk kultur och historia. str. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789134512078" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9789134512078">9789134512078</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltisk+kultur+och+historia&rft.aulast=Jokipii&rft.aufirst=Mauno&rft.au=Jokipii%2C%26%2332%3BMauno&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B22%E2%80%9323&rft.isbn=9789134512078&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Jaak Kangilaski et al. (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikogu.ee/public/Riigikogu/ValgeRaamat.pdf">Valge raamat (1940–1991)</a>, Justiitsministeerium, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9985-70-194-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9985-70-194-1">9985-70-194-1</a>.</li> <li>Kasekamp, Andres (2000). The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia. Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-4039-1955-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-4039-1955-7">978-1-4039-1955-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radical+Right+in+Interwar+Estonia&rft.aulast=Kasekamp&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Kasekamp%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1955-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> .</li> <li>Koeberl, Christian; Martínez, Francisca C.-Ruiz (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7l0VFEMy80C&pg=PA345">Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic Record</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. str. 345. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-540-00630-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-540-00630-5">978-3-540-00630-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Impact+Markers+in+the+Stratigraphic+Record&rft.aulast=Koeberl&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Koeberl%2C%26%2332%3BChristian&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C%26%2332%3BFrancisca+C.-Ruiz&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B345&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.isbn=978-3-540-00630-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU7l0VFEMy80C%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mart_Laar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mart Laar (stranica ne postoji)">Laar, Mart</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warinwoodsestoni0000laar">War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944–1956</a>. trans. Tiina Ets. Washington, D.C.: Compass Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-929590-08-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-929590-08-2">0-929590-08-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+the+Woods%3A+Estonia%27s+Struggle+for+Survival%2C+1944%E2%80%931956&rft.aulast=Laar&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft.au=Laar%2C%26%2332%3BMart&rft.date=1992&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Compass+Press&rft.isbn=0-929590-08-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarinwoodsestoni0000laar&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatol_Lieven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatol Lieven (stranica ne postoji)">Lieven, Anatol</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticrevolution0000liev">The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-300-05552-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-300-05552-8">0-300-05552-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+Revolution%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+Lithuania%2C+and+the+Path+to+Independence&rft.aulast=Lieven&rft.aufirst=Anatol&rft.au=Lieven%2C%26%2332%3BAnatol&rft.date=1993&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-300-05552-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticrevolution0000liev&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Marcantonio, Angela (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Cp-tB08yd2EC&pg=PA21">The Uralic language family: facts, myths and statistics</a>. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. str. 21–23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-631-23170-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-631-23170-7">978-0-631-23170-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uralic+language+family%3A+facts%2C+myths+and+statistics&rft.aulast=Marcantonio&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.au=Marcantonio%2C%26%2332%3BAngela&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B21%E2%80%9323&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.isbn=978-0-631-23170-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCp-tB08yd2EC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeXwMDZbTBoC&pg=PA213">Historical Dictionary of Estonia</a>. Scarecrow Press. str. 213. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-6571-6">978-0-8108-6571-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B213&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6571-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeXwMDZbTBoC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 441. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8108-7513-5">978-0-8108-7513-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft.au=Miljan%2C%26%2332%3BToivo&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B441&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7513-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> .</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliide_Naylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliide Naylor (stranica ne postoji)">Naylor, Aliide</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shadowineastvlad0000nayl">The Shadow in the East Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front</a>. London: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781788312523" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781788312523">9781788312523</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shadow+in+the+East+Vladimir+Putin+and+the+New+Baltic+Front&rft.aulast=Naylor&rft.aufirst=Aliide&rft.au=Naylor%2C%26%2332%3BAliide&rft.date=2020&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.isbn=9781788312523&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshadowineastvlad0000nayl&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Pekomäe, Vello (1986) (sv). Estland genom tiderna. Stockholm: VÄLIS-EESTI & EMP. str. 319. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-91-86116-47-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-91-86116-47-7">978-91-86116-47-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estland+genom+tiderna&rft.aulast=Pekom%C3%A4e&rft.aufirst=Vello&rft.au=Pekom%C3%A4e%2C%26%2332%3BVello&rft.date=1986&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B319&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=V%C3%84LIS-EESTI+%26+EMP&rft.isbn=978-91-86116-47-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Rahi-Tamm, Aigi; Kahar, Andres (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328131029/http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~erki/Selfservice/9.pdf">"The Deportation Operation "Priboi" in 1949"</a>. Tallinn: Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9949183005" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9949183005">978-9949183005</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~erki/Selfservice/9.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2019-03-28. Pristupljeno 2021-04-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Deportation+Operation+%22Priboi%22+in+1949%22&rft.aulast=Rahi-Tamm&rft.aufirst=Aigi&rft.au=Rahi-Tamm%2C%26%2332%3BAigi&rft.au=Kahar%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2009&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Estonian+International+Commission+for+the+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.isbn=978-9949183005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190328131029%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Flepo.it.da.ut.ee%2F%7Eerki%2FSelfservice%2F9.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Rauch, Georg von (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=emBIdi4LPz8C&dq">The Baltic States: The Years of Independence</a>. str. 48. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-903983-00-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-903983-00-6">978-0-903983-00-6</a>. »Later an alternative proposal was advanced for a United Baltic Duchy under Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg«<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+The+Years+of+Independence&rft.aulast=Rauch&rft.aufirst=Georg+von&rft.au=Rauch%2C%26%2332%3BGeorg+von&rft.date=1974&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B48&rft.isbn=978-0-903983-00-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DemBIdi4LPz8C%26dq&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Raukas, Anto (2002). Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. str. 283. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-9985-70-115-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-9985-70-115-7">978-9985-70-115-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+ents%C3%BCklopeedia+11%3A+Eesti+%C3%BCld&rft.aulast=Raukas&rft.aufirst=Anto&rft.au=Raukas%2C%26%2332%3BAnto&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B283&rft.pub=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeediakirjastus&rft.isbn=978-9985-70-115-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Raun, Toivo U. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estoniaestonians0000raun">Estonia and the Estonians</a>. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8179-8511-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8179-8511-5">0-8179-8511-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=1987&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press%2C+Stanford+University&rft.isbn=0-8179-8511-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festoniaestonians0000raun&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Raun, Toivo U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated. Hoover Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780817928537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780817928537">9780817928537</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia+and+the+Estonians%3A+Second+Edition%2C+Updated&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Toivo+U.&rft.au=Raun%2C%26%2332%3BToivo+U.&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.isbn=9780817928537&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Selirand, Jüri; Tõnisson, Evald (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mu9KAAAAMAAJ">Through past millennia: archaeological discoveries in Estonia</a>. Perioodika.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+past+millennia%3A+archaeological+discoveries+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Selirand&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCri&rft.au=Selirand%2C%26%2332%3BJ%C3%BCri&rft.au=T%C3%B5nisson%2C%26%2332%3BEvald&rft.date=1984&rft.pub=Perioodika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmu9KAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Smith, David J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estoniaindepende0000smit">Estonia: Independence and European Integration</a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-415-26728-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-415-26728-5">0-415-26728-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Independence+and+European+Integration&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+J.&rft.date=2001&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-26728-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festoniaindepende0000smit&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Smith, Graham, ur. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstates00grah">The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania</a>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-312-12060-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-312-12060-5">0-312-12060-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+The+National+Self-determination+of+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania&rft.date=1994&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.isbn=0-312-12060-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstates00grah&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Subrenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Subrenat (stranica ne postoji)">Subrenat, Jean-Jacques</a>, ur. (2004). Estonia, identity and independence. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/90-420-0890-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/90-420-0890-3">90-420-0890-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%2C+identity+and+independence&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Amsterdam+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.isbn=90-420-0890-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (stranica ne postoji)">Taagepera, Rein</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonia00rein">Estonia: Return to Independence</a>. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8133-1199-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8133-1199-3">0-8133-1199-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3A+Return+to+Independence&rft.aulast=Taagepera&rft.aufirst=Rein&rft.au=Taagepera%2C%26%2332%3BRein&rft.date=1993&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.isbn=0-8133-1199-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonia00rein&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Taylor, Neil (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonia0000tayl">Estonia</a> (4th izd.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-84162-095-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-84162-095-5">1-84162-095-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Taylor%2C%26%2332%3BNeil&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=Chalfont+St.+Peter&rft.pub=Bradt&rft.isbn=1-84162-095-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonia0000tayl&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Tvauri, Andres (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG">The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia</a>. str. 33,34,59,60. Pristupljeno 27. 12. 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Migration+Period%2C+Pre-Viking+Age%2C+and+Viking+Age+in+Estonia&rft.aulast=Tvauri&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.au=Tvauri%2C%26%2332%3BAndres&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B33%2C34%2C59%2C60&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etis.ee%2FPortal%2FPublications%2FDisplay%2Fb80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5%3Flanguage%3DENG&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Williams, Nicola; Herrmann, Debra; Kemp, Cathryn (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonialatvialit0000will">Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania</a> (3rd izd.). London: Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-74059-132-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-74059-132-1">1-74059-132-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Williams%2C%26%2332%3BNicola&rft.au=Herrmann%2C%26%2332%3BDebra&rft.au=Kemp%2C%26%2332%3BCathryn&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=3rd&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.isbn=1-74059-132-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonialatvialit0000will&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Wolchik, Sharon L.; Curry, Jane Leftwich (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ciKIBazTof8C&pg=PA238#v=onepage&f=false">Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. str. 238. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7425-4068-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7425-4068-2">978-0-7425-4068-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+East+European+Politics%3A+From+Communism+to+Democracy&rft.aulast=Wolchik&rft.aufirst=Sharon+L.&rft.au=Wolchik%2C%26%2332%3BSharon+L.&rft.au=Curry%2C%26%2332%3BJane+Leftwich&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B238&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-4068-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DciKIBazTof8C%26pg%3DPA238%23v%3Donepage%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li> <li>Ziemele, Ineta (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGLp7QEelbIC&pg=PA26">Baltic yearbook of international law</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. str. 26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-90-411-1736-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-90-411-1736-6">978-90-411-1736-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltic+yearbook+of+international+law&rft.aulast=Ziemele&rft.aufirst=Ineta&rft.au=Ziemele%2C%26%2332%3BIneta&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B26&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-90-411-1736-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGLp7QEelbIC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Estonija"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=50" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonia" title="commons:Category:Estonia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Estonia">Estonija</a> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vlada">Vlada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=51" title="Uredi odjeljak Vlada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=51" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vlada">uredi kod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ee/en/index.html">Predsjednik Estonije</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikogu.ee/?lang=en">Premijer Estonije</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valitsus.ee/en/">Estonska vlada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vm.ee/?q=en">Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova Estonije</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.ee/?lang=en">Državni ured za statistiku</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Putovanje">Putovanje</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=52" title="Uredi odjeljak Putovanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=52" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Putovanje">uredi kod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonia.eu/">Službene stranice</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804182212/http://estonia.eu/">Arhivirano</a> 2010-08-04 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eesti.ee/eng/">Portal E-Estonia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitestonia.com/">Portal VisitEstonia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /> <a href="https://sh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Estonija" class="extiw" title="voy:Estonija">Estonija</a> - informacije za putnike na projektu Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mape">Mape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=53" title="Uredi odjeljak Mape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=53" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mape">uredi kod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=estonia+map&ll=58.608334,25.004883&spn=13.048165,32.915039&gl=uk&t=p&z=5">google.com mapa Estonije</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opće_informacije">Opće informacije</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&veaction=edit&section=54" title="Uredi odjeljak Opće informacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonija&action=edit&section=54" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opće informacije">uredi kod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estonica.org/">Encyclopedia Estonica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413215407/http://www.estonica.org/">Arhivirano</a> 2010-04-13 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estinst.ee/">Estonski institut</a></li> <li><a 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title="Albanija">Albanija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/44px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andora" title="Andora">Andora</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenija" title="Armenija">Armenija</a>2</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbejd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbejdžan">Azerbejdžan</a>1</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belorusija" title="Belorusija">Belorusija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosna_i_Hercegovina" title="Bosna i Hercegovina">Bosna i Hercegovina</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska">Bugarska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Crna_Gora" title="Crna Gora">Crna Gora</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">Grčka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Gruzija" title="Gruzija">Gruzija</a>1</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">Hrvatska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Irska" title="Irska">Irska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a>1</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kipar" title="Kipar">Kipar</a>2</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lihten%C5%A1tajn" class="mw-redirect" title="Lihtenštajn">Lihtenštajn</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija">Litvanija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldavija" title="Moldavija">Moldavija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska">Nizozemska</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ka" title="Norveška">Norveška</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Rumunija" title="Rumunija">Rumunija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a>1</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/22px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/33px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/44px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Severna_Makedonija" title="Severna Makedonija">Severna Makedonija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slova%C4%8Dka" title="Slovačka">Slovačka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenija" title="Slovenija">Slovenija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija">Srbija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija">Španija</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turska" title="Turska">Turska</a>1</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a>3</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrajina" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajina</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:European_countries_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Države Evrope"><img alt="Države Evrope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-European_countries_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popis_nepriznatih_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis nepriznatih država">Nepriznate ili djelomično priznate države</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija">Abhazija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gruzija" title="Gruzija">GRU</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Osetija" title="Južna Osetija">Južna Osetija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gruzija" title="Gruzija">GRU</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija">SRB</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pridnjestrovlje" title="Pridnjestrovlje">Pridnjestrovlje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moldavija" title="Moldavija">MOL</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turska_Republika_Sjeverni_Kipar" title="Turska Republika Sjeverni Kipar">Turska Republika Sjeverni Kipar</a>2 (<a href="/wiki/Kipar" title="Kipar">KIP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popis_zavisnih_teritorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis zavisnih teritorija">Zavisni teritoriji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Farski_otoci" title="Farski otoci">Farski otoci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/22px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/33px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/44px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ka" title="Norveška">Norveška</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_i_Jan_Mayen" title="Svalbard i Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_i_Jan_Mayen" title="Svalbard i Jan Mayen">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri i Dhekelia">Akrotiri i Dhekelia</a> </li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey"><img alt="Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_(otok)" title="Jersey (otok)">Jersey</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Man_(otok)" title="Man (otok)">otok Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 Značajan dio teritorija se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Aziji</a>. • 2 U potpunosti u Aziji, ali ima društvene i političke veze s Evropom. • 3 Posjeduje zavisne ili slične teritorije izvan Evrope.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" 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style=";background:#003399; border:1px solid silver; color:#FFCC00;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Države_članice_Evropske_unije" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Države članice <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">Evropske unije</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#003399; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 silver, inset -1px -1px 0 silver;; color:#FFCC00;">Aktualne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska">Bugarska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">Grčka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">Hrvatska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Irska" title="Irska">Irska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kipar" title="Kipar">Kipar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija">Litvanija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska">Nizozemska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljska</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Rumunija" title="Rumunija">Rumunija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slova%C4%8Dka" title="Slovačka">Slovačka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenija" title="Slovenija">Slovenija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija">Španija</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#003399; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 silver, inset -1px -1px 0 silver;; color:#FFCC00;">Bivše</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a> (1973–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41348688"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Normativna_kontrola_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Uredi_na_Wikidati_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191#&#124;Uredi_na_Wikidati" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-6dqjq","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.165","walltime":"5.841","ppvisitednodes":{"value":253685,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1707794,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":655491,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":521979,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4611.951 1 -total"," 59.47% 2742.616 1 Šablon:Reflist"," 49.74% 2294.055 335 Šablon:Citation/core"," 26.85% 1238.423 156 Šablon:Cite_web"," 20.31% 936.618 155 Šablon:Cite_book"," 7.54% 347.893 4 Šablon:Navbox"," 7.30% 336.569 174 Šablon:Replace"," 5.78% 266.484 348 Šablon:Str_crop"," 5.58% 257.306 1 Šablon:Evropa"," 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= 2,\n [\"CITEREFFrucht2005\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFGatrellBaron2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGill2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGärtner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallas-Murula2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerderMüller1807\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidenSalmon1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidenSalmon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolt-Jensen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIlves1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaakkolaKalja1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonHermann2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJokipii1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKaljaPruudenTammTyugu1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKangilaskiSalo2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKangsepp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasekamp2000\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKasekamp2010\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFKoeberlMartínez2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoovit2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaaksoSarhimaaSpiliopoulou_ÅkermarkToivanen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaansalu2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaar1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaar2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLanePabriksPursSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaurisaar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieven1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiukkonen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaesalu,_Lukas,_Lauer,_Pajur_and_Tannberg2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcantonio2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMardiste2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartens2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasters2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiljan2004\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFMiljan2015\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFMisiunasTaagepera1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolMilitzerNicholson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMouritzenWivel2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuir2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMäesalu2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMägi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMägi2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMälksoo2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaylor2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNutt2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNutt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2006\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeeter_KaasikMika_Raudvassar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPekomäe1986\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPinder1990\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPlakans2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurju2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurs2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahi-TammKahar2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRauch1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaudkivi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaukas2002\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFRaun1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaun2002\"] = 18,\n [\"CITEREFReigas2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoferKaasik2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadie1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelirandTõnisson1984\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSir_George_GroveSadie1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2013\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFSocor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubrenat2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaagepera1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomann2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTubalkain-Trell2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTvauri2012\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFTyerman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViik2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViirand2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogt2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVolkslieder1850\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsHerrmannKemp2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWolchikCurry2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZiemele2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZumbrun\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFВярэ_Э.2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFЛеймус_И.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFЛийвик_О.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFМаркедонов2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFНутт_М.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFТаннберг2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFХийо_Т.2009\"] = 2,\n [\"Laurisaar\"] = 1,\n [\"Subrenat2013\"] = 6,\n [\"iea\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Baltičke države\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 8,\n [\"CIA World Factbook link\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 59,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 155,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite paper\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 156,\n [\"Commonscat\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 12,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Doi\"] = 1,\n [\"Države članice Evropske unije\"] = 1,\n [\"Evropa\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 14,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 15,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 2,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label small\"] = 21,\n [\"Infokutija vrijeme\"] = 1,\n [\"Infokutija zemlja\"] = 1,\n [\"Izabran\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 28,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Najveći gradovi u Estoniji\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Page\"] = 3,\n [\"Populacije kroz historiju\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Small\"] = 2,\n [\"Sup\"] = 3,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 15,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Мртва веза\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-69cdbfbfdd-tj542","timestamp":"20241127114617","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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