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[o]" accesskey="o"> Skrá inn</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar">Læra meira</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y">Framlög</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n">Spjall</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Heiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Heiti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Saga </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Saga undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Saga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forsögulegur_tími" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forsögulegur_tími"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Forsögulegur tími </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forsögulegur_tími-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elstu_heimildir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elstu_heimildir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Elstu heimildir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elstu_heimildir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miðaldir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miðaldir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Miðaldir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miðaldir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Árnýöld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Árnýöld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Árnýöld </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Árnýöld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iðnbyltingin_og_skoska_upplýsingin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iðnbyltingin_og_skoska_upplýsingin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Iðnbyltingin og skoska upplýsingin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iðnbyltingin_og_skoska_upplýsingin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimsstyrjaldir_og_iðnvæðing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimsstyrjaldir_og_iðnvæðing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Heimsstyrjaldir og iðnvæðing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimsstyrjaldir_og_iðnvæðing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21._öldin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21._öldin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 21. öldin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21._öldin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landfræði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landfræði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Landfræði </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landfræði-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Landfræði undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Landfræði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jarðfræði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jarðfræði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Jarðfræði </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jarðfræði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veðurfar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veðurfar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Veðurfar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veðurfar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Náttúra_og_dýralíf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Náttúra_og_dýralíf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Náttúra og dýralíf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Náttúra_og_dýralíf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stjórnmál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stjórnmál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Stjórnmál </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Stjórnmál undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sveitarfélög" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sveitarfélög"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sveitarfélög </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sveitarfélög-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efnahagslíf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efnahagslíf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Efnahagslíf </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Efnahagslíf-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Efnahagslíf undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Efnahagslíf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flutningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flutningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Flutningar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flutningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Íbúar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íbúar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Íbúar </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Íbúar undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trúarbrögð" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trúarbrögð"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Trúarbrögð </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trúarbrögð-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Menning </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Menning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Sýna/fela Menning undirkafla </button> <ul id="toc-Menning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Íþróttir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íþróttir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Íþróttir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Íþróttir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Tilvísanir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Tenglar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Skotland</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 215 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-215" aria-hidden="true" > 215 tungumál </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skotland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ስኮትላንድ – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስኮትላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – fornenska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="إسكتلندا – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سكوطلاندا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سكوطلاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سكوتلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكوتلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskusiya" title="Iskusiya – aímara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Iskusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aímara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eotlandiya" title="Şotlandiya – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şotlandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسکاتلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – balíska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kuot%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Škuotėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Škuotėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskosya" title="Eskosya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Eskosya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Шатландыя – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шатландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Шатляндыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шатляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlan" title="Skotlan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Skotlan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कॉटलैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्कॉटलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="သကော့တလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သကော့တလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="স্কটল্যান্ড – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্কটল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="སི་ཁོ་ཁྲི་ལན་ཌི། – tíbeska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སི་ཁོ་ཁྲི་ལན་ཌི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tíbeska" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-Skos" title="Bro-Skos – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-Skos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Škotska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шотланд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шотланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AD-g%C3%A1ik-l%C3%A0ng" title="Sŭ-gáik-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sŭ-gáik-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Шотланди – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шотланди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_(apil_sa_nasod)" title="Scotland (apil sa nasod) – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Scotland (apil sa nasod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سکۆتلاند – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکۆتلاند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Scozia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsko" title="Skotsko – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skotsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szk%C3%B2ck%C3%B4" title="Szkòckô – kasúbíska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Szkòckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasúbíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Шотланди – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шотланди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Alban" title="Yr Alban – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Alban" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skotland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sko%C3%A7ya" title="İskoçya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İskoçya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0otiska" title="Šotiska – lágsorbneska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Šotiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lágsorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कटल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="स्कटल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σκωτία – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκωτία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%B2sia" title="Scòsia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Scòsia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlando" title="Skotlando – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skotlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0otimaa" title="Šotimaa – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šotimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskozia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اسکاتلند – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlanti" title="Skotlanti – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skotlanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotimaa" title="Sotimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sotimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikoteladi" title="Sikoteladi – fídjeyska" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sikoteladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fídjeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland – færeyska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skotland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cosse" title="Écosse – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlun" title="Skotlun – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skotlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skotlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albain" title="Albain – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Albain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba" title="Alba – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اسکاتلند – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%B3sia" title="Ekósia – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ekósia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कॉटलंड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="स्कॉटलंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍄𐌴𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotneska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍄𐌴𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbin" title="Nalbin – manska" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nalbin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekokia" title="Kekokia – havaíska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kekokia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סקוטלנד – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקוטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कॉट्लैण्ड – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कॉट्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Škotska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0otiska" title="Šotiska – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Šotiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%B2s" title="Ekòs – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekòs" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3cia" title="Skócia – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skócia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Շոտլանդիա – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոտլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սկովտիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սկովտիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotia" title="Scotia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scotia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotia" title="Scotia – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Scotia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskosia" title="Eskosia – ílokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Eskosia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ílokó" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotia" title="Skotia – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skotia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="スコットランド – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコットランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekotlan" title="Sekotlan – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sekotlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შოტლანდია – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შოტლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotlandiya" title="Shotlandiya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Shotlandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skutlanda" title="Skutlanda – kabíle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Skutlanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabíle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шотлэнд – kabardíska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Шотлэнд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C9%94s%C9%A9" title="Ekɔsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ekɔsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ស្កុតឡិន – kmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្កុតឡិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ಕಾಟ್‌ಲೆಂಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಕಾಟ್‌ಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="스코틀랜드 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스코틀랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – karasaíbalkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karasaíbalkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – kölníska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölníska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlenda" title="Skotlenda – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Skotlenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – komíska" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban" title="Alban – kornbreska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alban" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornbreska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotia" title="Scotia – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scotia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskosia" title="Eskosia – ladínska" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Eskosia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladínska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjotland" title="Sjotland – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjotland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%B2%C3%A7ia" title="Scòçia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Scòçia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Scozia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scozia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%B3si" title="Ekósi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ekósi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດເອກົດ – laó" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເອກົດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laó" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kotija" title="Škotija – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Škotija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotija" title="Skotija – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skotija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%B4sy" title="Ekôsy – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ekôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dtirana" title="Kōtirana – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kōtirana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – mínangkabá" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mínangkabá" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шкотска – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шкотска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്കോട്ട്‌ലൻഡ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്കോട്ട്‌ലൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шотланд – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шотланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯠꯂꯦꯟ – manípúrí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯠꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípúrí" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သကတ်လာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သကတ်လာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कॉटलंड – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्कॉटलंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skozja" title="Skozja – maltneska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Skozja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%B3cia" title="Scócia – mirandesíska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Scócia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="စကော့တလန်နိုင်ငံ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကော့တလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اسکاتلند – masanderaní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="masanderaní" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottland" title="Schottland – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schottland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schotlaand" title="Schotlaand – lágsaxneska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Schotlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्कटल्यान्ड – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्कटल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schotland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotia" title="Skotia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Skotia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Acosse" title="Êcosse – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êcosse" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Шотланди – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шотланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskosia" title="Eskosia – papíamentó" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Eskosia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papíamentó" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cosse" title="Écosse – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Écosse" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlund" title="Skotlund – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Skotlund" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkocja" title="Szkocja – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szkocja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%B2ssia" title="Scòssia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Scòssia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%B9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="سکاٹ لینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سکاٹ لینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89" title="سکاټلينډ – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سکاټلينډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Escócia – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskuthallp%27a" title="Iskuthallp'a – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iskuthallp'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia – rómanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scozia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rómanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sco%C8%9Bia" title="Scoția – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scoția" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandia" title="Scotlandia – arúmenska" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Scotlandia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шкоция – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шкоция" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ – santalí" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalí" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isc%C3%B2tzia" title="Iscòtzia – sardínska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscòtzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scozzia" title="Scozzia – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scozzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="اسڪاٽلينڊ – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسڪاٽلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Škotska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2ku%E1%B9%ADlanda" title="Ṣkuṭlanda – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ṣkuṭlanda" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းသၵွတ်ႉတလႅၼ်ႇ – sjan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသၵွတ်ႉတလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="sjan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්කොට්ලන්තය – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්කොට්ලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0k%C3%B3tsko" title="Škótsko – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Škótsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Škotska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikotilani" title="Sikotilani – samóska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Sikotilani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samóska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland – enaresamíska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Skotland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland – sómalska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Skotland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sómalska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skocia" title="Skocia – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skocia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шкотска – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шкотска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikoshilandi" title="Sikoshilandi – svatí" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sikoshilandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svatí" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlound" title="Skotlound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Skotlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia – súndanska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="súndanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skottland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoti" title="Uskoti – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uskoti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkocyjo" title="Szkocyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szkocyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="இசுக்கொட்லாந்து – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுக்கொட்லாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="స్కాట్లాండ్ – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్కాట్లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esk%C3%B3sia" title="Eskósia – tetúm" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Eskósia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetúm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – tadsjikska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศสกอตแลนด์ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศสกอตแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eotlandi%C3%BDa" title="Şotlandiýa – túrkmenska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şotlandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="túrkmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0otlandij%C9%99" title="Šotlandijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šotlandijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikotilani" title="Sikotilani – tongverska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sikotilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongverska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlan" title="Skotlan – tokpisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Skotlan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sko%C3%A7ya" title="İskoçya – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İskoçya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шотландия – údmúrt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="údmúrt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="شوتلاندىيە – úígúr" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شوتلاندىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="úígúr" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Шотландія – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шотландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%B9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="اسکاٹ لینڈ – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسکاٹ لینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotlandiya" title="Shotlandiya – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shotlandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%B2sia" title="Scòsia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scòsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0otlandii" title="Šotlandii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šotlandii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Schotland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skot%C3%A4n" title="Skotän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Skotän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%B4sse" title="Escôsse – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Escôsse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Scotland" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="苏格兰 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESkotlani" title="ESkotlani – sósa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ESkotlani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="sósa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შოტლანდია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შოტლანდია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סקאטלאנד – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סקאטלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%E1%BB%8D%CC%81tl%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Skọ́tlándì – jórúba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Skọ́tlándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jórúba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Schotland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蘇格蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘇格蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CD%98-kat-l%C3%A2n" title="So͘-kat-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="So͘-kat-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇格蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiKotilandi" title="IsiKotilandi – súlú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiKotilandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="súlú" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Sýna efnissíðuna [c]" accesskey="c">Síða</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spjall:Skotland&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Spallsíða þessarar síðu (síða er ekki enn til) [t]" accesskey="t">Spjall</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Breyta tungumálaafbrigði" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >íslenska </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Sýn"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skotland">Lesa</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v">Breyta</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e">Breyta frumkóða</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=history" title="Eldri útgáfur af síðunni. [h]" accesskey="h">Breytingaskrá</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verkfæri" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Verkfæri </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1754226">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:right}}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:none}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}</style> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:88%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mergedtoprow" style="padding:0.33em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Skotland </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Scotland (<a href="/wiki/Enska" title="Enska">enska</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a>) Alba (<a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%ADska" class="mw-disambig" title="Gelíska">gelíska</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Skotlands"><img alt="Fáni Skotlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;max-width:50% !important;"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skjaldarmerki Skotlands"><img alt="Skjaldarmerki Skotlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/85px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/128px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/170px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_Skotlands" title="Fáni Skotlands">Fáni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center" width="50%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skjaldarmerki_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skjaldarmerki Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Skjaldarmerki</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B6ror%C3%B0" title="Kjörorð">Kjörorð</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=In_My_Defens_God_Me_Defend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In My Defens God Me Defend (síða er ekki enn til)">In My Defens God Me Defend</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a>: Guð varðveiti mig í vörn minni) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0s%C3%B6ngur" title="Þjóðsöngur">Þjóðsöngur</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flower_of_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flower of Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">Flower of Scotland</a> (de facto) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #fff; padding: 0em 0 0em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kort sem sýnir staðsetningu Skotlands"><img alt="Staðsetning Skotlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/250px-Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/375px-Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/500px-Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg">Höfuðborg</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Opinbert_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Opinbert tungumál">Opinbert tungumál</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Enska" title="Enska">enska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skosk_gel%C3%ADska" title="Skosk gelíska">gelíska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_stj%C3%B3rnarfari" title="Lönd eftir stjórnarfari">Stjórnarfar</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eingbundin_konungsstj%C3%B3rn" title="Þingbundin konungsstjórn">Þingbundin konungsstjórn</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bretakonungur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretakonungur">Konungur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_3._Bretakonungur" title="Karl 3. Bretakonungur">Karl 3.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0sti_r%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_Skotlands" title="Æðsti ráðherra Skotlands">Æðsti ráðherra</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Swinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Swinney (síða er ekki enn til)">John Swinney</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data">Hluti <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretlands</a> </td> <td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • stofnun</td> <td><a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a>  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> • sameining við Bretland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1._ma%C3%AD" title="1. maí">1. maí</a> <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>  </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Flatarm%C3%A1l" title="Flatarmál">Flatarmál</a>  • Samtals  • Vatn (%) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_og_%C3%BAtliggjandi_yfirr%C3%A1%C3%B0asv%C3%A6%C3%B0i_eftir_st%C3%A6r%C3%B0" title="Listi yfir lönd og útliggjandi yfirráðasvæði eftir stærð">*. sæti</a> 78.772 km² 1,9 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mannfj%C3%B6ldi" title="Mannfjöldi">Mannfjöldi</a>  • Samtals (2013)  • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A9ttleiki_bygg%C3%B0ar" title="Þéttleiki byggðar">Þéttleiki byggðar</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_eftir_mannfj%C3%B6lda" title="Listi yfir lönd eftir mannfjölda">*. sæti</a> 5.327.700 68/km² </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Verg_landsframlei%C3%B0sla" title="Verg landsframleiðsla">VLF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaupm%C3%A1ttarj%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur" title="Kaupmáttarjöfnuður">KMJ</a>) </td> <td class="infobox-data">áætl. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Samtals</td> <td>245,267 millj. <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkjadalur" title="Bandaríkjadalur">dala</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu (KMJ)">*. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Á mann</td> <td>39.642 dalir (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_%C3%A1_mann_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu á mann (KMJ)">*. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Gjaldmi%C3%B0ill" title="Gjaldmiðill">Gjaldmiðill</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sterlingspund" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterlingspund">sterlingspund</a> (£) (GBP) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADmabelti" title="Tímabelti">Tímabelti</a> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a> (+1 á sumrin) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arl%C3%A9n" title="Þjóðarlén">Þjóðarlén</a> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.scot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".scot (síða er ekki enn til)">.scot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Landsnúmer">Landsnúmer</a> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Listi yfir landsnúmer">+44</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Skotland (<a href="/wiki/Enska" title="Enska">enska</a> og <a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a>: Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Skosk_gel%C3%ADska" title="Skosk gelíska">gelíska</a>: Alba) er land í <a href="/wiki/Vestur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Vestur-Evrópa">Vestur-Evrópu</a> og næststærsti hluti <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretlands</a> (hinir hlutarnir eru <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-%C3%8Drland" title="Norður-Írland">Norður-Írland</a>). Það hefur eigið <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eing" title="Þing">þing</a> og <a href="/wiki/Heimastj%C3%B3rn" title="Heimastjórn">heimastjórn</a> frá árinu <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. Skotland á landamæri að Englandi í suðri og strönd að <a href="/wiki/North_Channel" title="North Channel">Úlfreksfirði</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drlandshaf" title="Írlandshaf">Írlandshafi</a> í vestri og <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%B3r" title="Norðursjór">Norðursjó</a> í austri. Skotlandi tilheyra meira en 790 eyjar, þar á meðal <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Norðureyjar">Norðureyjar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Suðureyjar">Suðureyjar</a>. Í hafinu undan Skotlandi eru auðugar <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%ADulind" title="Olíulind">olíulindir</a>. Höfuðborg landsins og næststærsta borg þess er <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a> en stærsta borgin er <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. Þriðja stærsta borgin er <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>. Skotland var sjálfstætt <a href="/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Skotland" title="Konungsríkið Skotland">konungsríki</a> á <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0aldir" title="Miðaldir">miðöldum</a> en gekk í <a href="/wiki/Konungssamband" title="Konungssamband">konungssamband</a> við <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drland" title="Írland">Írland</a> þegar <a href="/wiki/Jakob_6._Skotakonungur" title="Jakob 6. Skotakonungur">Jakob 6. Skotakonungur</a> tók við af <a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADsabet_1." title="Elísabet 1.">Elísabetu 1.</a> árið <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>. Skoska þingið var lagt niður <a href="/wiki/26._mars" title="26. mars">26. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a> og Skotland var formlega sameinað Bretlandi með <a href="/wiki/Sambandsl%C3%B6gin_1707" title="Sambandslögin 1707">bresku sambandslögunum</a> <a href="/wiki/1._ma%C3%AD" title="1. maí">1. maí</a> sama ár þegar <a href="/wiki/Breska_konungd%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Breska konungdæmið">Breska konungdæmið</a> var stofnað með eitt þing í <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> í <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Þann <a href="/wiki/1._jan%C3%BAar" title="1. janúar">1. janúar</a> <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> varð <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drland" title="Írland">Írland</a> svo hluti af þessu sameinaða konungdæmi. Skoska þingið var endurreist í kjölfar <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0sla" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla">þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu</a> árið <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. Það hefur þó ekki völd í <a href="/wiki/Utanr%C3%ADkism%C3%A1l" title="Utanríkismál">utanríkismálum</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0slan_%C3%AD_Skotlandi_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslan í Skotlandi 2014">Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla um sambandsslit</a> var haldin árið <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> þar sem tillagan var felld. Efnahagur Skotlands hefur lengi byggst á <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eungai%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur" title="Þungaiðnaður">þungaiðnaði</a> eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skipasm%C3%AD%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skipasmíði (síða er ekki enn til)">skipasmíði</a> og <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A1l" title="Stál">stáliðnaði</a>. Frá <a href="/wiki/1971-1980" title="1971-1980">8. áratugnum</a> hefur <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%A1varol%C3%ADa" title="Norðursjávarolía">Norðursjávarolía</a> orðið mikilvægari hluti af efnahagslífi landsins. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fj%C3%A1rm%C3%A1la%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjármálaþjónusta (síða er ekki enn til)">Fjármálaþjónusta</a> er líka áberandi. Þekktasta útflutningsvara Skota er líklega <a href="/wiki/Skoskt_visk%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Skoskt viský">skoskt viskí</a> sem er 85% af heildarútflutningi matar- og drykkjarvara frá Skotlandi. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heiti">Heiti</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Heiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Heiti">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> Heiti Skotlands er dregið af latneska heitinu Scoti sem <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3maveldi" title="Rómaveldi">Rómverjar</a> notuðu yfir <a href="/wiki/Gelar" title="Gelar">Gela</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AD%C3%B0lat%C3%ADna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Síðlatína (síða er ekki enn til)">Síðlatneska</a> orðið Scotia vísaði upphaflega til <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drland" title="Írland">Írlands</a> bæði í latneskum og fornenskum heimildum.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Það heiti hefur að minnsta kosti síðan á 11. öld verið notað um Skotland norðan við ána <a href="/wiki/Forth_(%C3%A1)" title="Forth (á)">Forth</a> ásamt heitunum Albania eða Albany, dregin af gelíska orðinu Alba sem merkir „hvítur“ og var heiti á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Alba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konungsríkið Alba (síða er ekki enn til)">gelísku konungsríki</a> í Skotlandi á miðöldum. Á <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0mi%C3%B0aldir" title="Síðmiðaldir">síðmiðöldum</a> varð algengast að nota heitin Skotland og Skotar yfir landið sem nú er Skotland.<a href="#cite_note-Keay-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Snemma á 16. öld gaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C3%B3_10.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leó 10. (síða er ekki enn til)">Leó 10.</a> páfi það út að Scotia skyldi nota um Skotland og íbúa þess.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Uppruni heitisins Scoti er óviss. Það er ekki dregið af neinu latnesku orði og á sér enga samsvörun í gelískum ættbálkaheitum. Á miðöldum varð til sögn um að nafnið væri dregið af egypsku prinsessunni, Skottu eða <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skot%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotía (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotíu</a> sem hafi verið ættmóðir allra Gela, en sögnin er líklega tilbúningur til að skýra uppruna nafnsins.<a href="#cite_note-Lennon-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-9">[9]</a> Ýmsar tilgátur hafa verið settar fram um merkingu heitisins, eins og að það sé dregið af gelíska orðinu scuit klippt eða „skorið af“, í merkingunni „útlagar“;<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> eða af orðinu sgaoth, „svermur“;<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> eða að það sé skylt indóevrópska orðinu *skot í merkingunni „myrkur“ eða „drungi“.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Það hefur líka verið tengt við fornnorræna orðið skot „skiki“ (sbr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93lafur_skotkonungur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ólafur skotkonungur (síða er ekki enn til)">Ólafur skotkonungur</a>).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga">Saga</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Saga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Saga">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forsögulegur_tími">Forsögulegur tími</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Forsögulegur tími" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Forsögulegur tími">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> Fyrir <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0asta_%C3%ADs%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Síðasta ísöld">síðustu ísöld</a> þakti jökulís allt Skotland og hefur þá eytt öllum ummerkjum um mannabygð sem kynni að hafa verið þar fyrir <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0stein%C3%B6ld" title="Miðsteinöld">miðsteinöld</a>. Talið er að fyrstu hópar manna sem settust að í Skotlandi eftir síðustu ísöld hafi komið þangað fyrir um 12.800 árum. Elstu minjarnar eru örvaroddur úr tinnusteini frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islay (síða er ekki enn til)">Islay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Á þeim tíma var landið þakið skógi og mýrum og helsti samgöngumátinn var á vötnum.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 9  Landnemarnir reistu fyrstu varanlegu húsin fyrir um 9.500 árum og fyrstu þorpin fyrir um 6.000 árum. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skara_Brae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skara Brae (síða er ekki enn til)">Skara Brae</a> er vel varðveitt þorp á <a href="/wiki/Orkneyjar" title="Orkneyjar">Orkneyjum</a> frá þessum tíma. Merki um mannabyggð og grafreiti frá <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BDstein%C3%B6ld" title="Nýsteinöld">nýsteinöld</a> eru víða vel varðveitt á <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Norðureyjar">Norðureyjum</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestureyjar_(Skotlandi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestureyjar (Skotlandi) (síða er ekki enn til)">Vestureyjum</a> þar sem skortur á trjám olli því að flestar byggingar voru reistar úr steini.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Callanish-steinarnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callanish-steinarnir (síða er ekki enn til)">Callanish-steinarnir</a> á <a href="/wiki/Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis">Lewis</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maes_Howe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maes Howe (síða er ekki enn til)">Maes Howe</a> á Orkneyjum eru dæmi um minjar um þróuð trúarbrögð frá 3. árþúsundinu f.o.t.<a href="#cite_note-short-18">[18]</a>: 38  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elstu_heimildir">Elstu heimildir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Elstu heimildir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Elstu heimildir">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg/180px-Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg/270px-Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg/360px-Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1274913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Innviðir húss í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skara_Brae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skara Brae (síða er ekki enn til)">Skara Brae</a>.</figcaption></figure> Elsta ritaða heimildin sem vísar til Skotlands er eftir gríska ferðalanginn <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BD%C3%BEeas" title="Pýþeas">Pýþeas</a> sem nefndi norðurodda Bretlandseyja „Orkas“, sem er fyrsta tilvísunin til Orkneyja.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 10  Á fyrsta árþúsundinu f.Kr. breyttist samfélagið í höfðingjasamfélag og auður og völd söfnuðust þar sem umframbirgðir matvæla var að finna.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 11  <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1m_R%C3%B3mverja_%C3%A1_Bretlandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernám Rómverja á Bretlandi">Hernámi Rómverja á Bretlandi</a> lauk aldrei og mestur hluti þess lands sem er Skotland í dag var aldrei undir yfirráðum þeirra.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Fyrstu herfarir Rómverja inn í Skotland áttu sér stað árið 79 þegar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola (síða er ekki enn til)">Gnaeus Julius Agricola</a> réðist þangað inn. Hann sigraði skoskan her í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Mons_Graupius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrustan við Mons Graupius (síða er ekki enn til)">orrustunni við Mons Graupius</a> árið 83.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 12  Eftir að Rómverjar höfðu unnið sigur reistu þeir virki meðfram <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gask-hryggurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gask-hryggurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Gask-hryggnum</a>, nálægt <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landamisgengi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandamisgengið (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandamisgenginu</a>. Þremur árum eftir orrustuna höfðu herir Rómverja hins vegar hörfað til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sy%C3%B0ri_Uppl%C3%B6ndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syðri Upplöndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Syðri Upplandanna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Leifar af rómverskum virkjum sem voru reist á 1. öld hafa fundist allt norður til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moray-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moray-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Moray-fjarðar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Þegar <a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> komst til valda höfðu Rómverjar hörfað aftur fyrir línu milli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyne-flj%C3%B3t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyne-fljót (síða er ekki enn til)">Tyne-fljóts</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solway-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solway-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Solway-fjarðar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-21">[21]</a> Þar reisti eftirmaður Trajanusar, <a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%ADanus" title="Hadríanus">Hadríanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%ADanusarm%C3%BArinn" title="Hadríanusarmúrinn">Hadríanusarmúrinn</a><a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 12  og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limes_Britannicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limes Britannicus (síða er ekki enn til)">Limes Britannicus</a> urðu norðurlandamæri Rómaveldis.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Áhrif rómverskrar menningar á suðurhluta landsins voru mikil og Rómverjar kynntu landsmönnum <a href="/wiki/Kristni" title="Kristni">kristni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 13–14 <a href="#cite_note-short-18">[18]</a>: 38  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADusarm%C3%BArinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoníusarmúrinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Antoníusarmúrinn</a> var reistur frá 142 að fyrirskipan eftirmanns Hadríanusar, <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoniusar Piusar</a>, til að verja rómverska hluta Skotlands frá norðurhlutanum norðan við línu milli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clyde-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clyde-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Clyde-fjarðar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forth-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Forth-fjarðar</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Innr%C3%A1s_R%C3%B3mverja_%C3%AD_Kaled%C3%B3n%C3%ADu_208-210&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innrás Rómverja í Kaledóníu 208-210 (síða er ekki enn til)">Innrás Rómverja í Kaledóníu 208-210</a> var gerð að undirlagi keisara af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Severusar%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severusarætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Severusarætt</a> til að bregðast við samningsbroti Kaledóna árið 197,<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> en varanleg yfirráð yfir öllu Stóra-Bretlandi náðust ekki þar sem Rómverjar voru uppteknir við að berja niður skæruhernað og keisarinn <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> lést í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eboracum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eboracum (síða er ekki enn til)">Eboracum</a> (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>) eftir að hann veiktist í herförum. Virki voru reist nálægt eldri virkjum Agricola, við mynni dalverpanna í Hálöndunum, en Kaledónar gerðu uppreisn á ný 210-211 og náðu þeim á sitt vald.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Hjá rómversku sagnariturunum <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacitus">Tacitusi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassiusi Dio</a> voru <a href="/wiki/Skosku_h%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndin" title="Skosku hálöndin">skosku hálöndin</a> og allt svæðið norðan við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth-%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forth-á (síða er ekki enn til)">Forth-á</a> kölluð <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaled%C3%B3n%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaledónía (síða er ekki enn til)">Kaledónía</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Samkvæmt Cassiusi nefndust íbúar Kaledóníu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaled%C3%B3nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaledónar (síða er ekki enn til)">Kaledónar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maeatae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maeatae (síða er ekki enn til)">Maeatae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Aðrir höfundar í fornöld notuðu lýsingarorðið „kaledónskur“ yfir allt í norður- og innri hluta Bretlands, hvort sem það voru íbúar, dýr, veðrið, perlur eða stórt svæði skógi vaxinna hæða sem <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A1d%C3%ADus_Pt%C3%B3lm%C3%A6os" title="Kládíus Ptólmæos">Kládíus Ptólmæos</a> sagði að væri suðvestan við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beauly-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beauly-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Beauly-fjörð</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> Ummerki um nafnið Kaledónía er að finna í örnefnunum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunkeld (síða er ekki enn til)">Dunkeld</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohallion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohallion (síða er ekki enn til)">Rohallion</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiehallion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiehallion (síða er ekki enn til)">Schiehallion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sams%C3%A6ri%C3%B0_mikla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsærið mikla (síða er ekki enn til)">Samsærið mikla</a> var meint ráðabrugg um gagnárás gegn yfirráðum Rómverja á Bretlandi seint á 4. öld, með þátttöku hinna gelísku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scoti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scoti (síða er ekki enn til)">Scoti</a> og Kaledóna, sem þá voru þekktir sem <a href="/wiki/Piktar" title="Piktar">Piktar</a> meðal Rómverja. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comes_Theodosius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comes Theodosius (síða er ekki enn til)">Comes Theodosius</a> sigraðist á þeim, en snemma á 5. öld drógu Rómverjar herlið sitt alfarið frá Bretlandseyjum, sem leiddi til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landn%C3%A1m_Engilsaxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landnám Engilsaxa (síða er ekki enn til)">landnáms Engilsaxa</a> á Bretlandi, þar á meðal í suðausturhluta Skotlands og austurhluta Englands.<a href="#cite_note-:8-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miðaldir">Miðaldir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Miðaldir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Miðaldir">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png/220px-Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png/330px-Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png/440px-Early_Medieval_Scotland_areas.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption>Ríki Skotlands á ármiðöldum.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/220px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/330px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/440px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Norræn ríki í Skotlandi við lok 11. aldar.</figcaption></figure> Frá upphafi sjöttu aldar skiptist landið sem í dag er Skotland í þrjú svæði: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piktaland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piktaland (síða er ekki enn til)">Piktaland</a>, safn lítilla lávarðsdæma í miðju Skotlandi;<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 25–26  engilsaxneska <a href="/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Nor%C3%B0ymbraland" title="Konungsríkið Norðymbraland">konungsríkið Norðymbraland</a> sem hafði lagt suðausturhluta Skotlands undir sig;<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 18–20  og <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A1l_Riata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dál Riata (síða er ekki enn til)">Dál Riata</a>, sem náði yfir bæði Vestur-Skotland og Norður-Írland og þar sem gelískt mál og menning hóf að breiðast út.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Þessi samfélög byggðust upp í kringum ættir og innan þeirra var mikil misskipting auðs, þótt langflestir væru sárafátækir og lifðu af <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfs%C3%BEurftarb%C3%BAskapur" title="Sjálfsþurftarbúskapur">sjálfsþurftarbúskap</a>. Piktarnir héldu þræla (aðallega stríðsfanga) allt fram á 9. öld.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 26–27  Gelísk áhrif breiddust út til Piktalands og Norðymbralands með gelískumælandi klerkum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keltneska_kirkjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keltneska kirkjan (síða er ekki enn til)">keltnesku kirkjunnar</a> sem stunduðu þar trúboð.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 23–24  <a href="/wiki/Heilagur_K%C3%B3lumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Heilagur Kólumba">Heilagur Kólumba</a> setti upp trúboðsstöð á eyjunni <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3na_(eyja)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jóna (eyja) (síða er ekki enn til)">Jóna</a> á 6. öld.<a href="#cite_note-short-18">[18]</a>: 39  <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADkingar" title="Víkingar">Víkingar</a> hófu ránsferðir til Skotlands á 8. öld og tóku þar bæði þræla og dýrgripi. Helsta markmið þeirra var þó að leggja undir sig land. Elstu byggðir norrænna manna í Skotlandi voru í norðvesturhluta landsins, en þeir lögðu seinna undir sig stór svæði meðfram ströndinni. <a href="/wiki/Fornnorr%C3%A6na" title="Fornnorræna">Fornnorræna</a> tók alveg við af gelísku sem tungumál íbúa <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Norðureyjar">Norðureyja</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 29–30  Á 9. öld varð óttinn við víkinga til þess að gelískur konungur, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A1ed_mac_Ailp%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cináed mac Ailpín (síða er ekki enn til)">Cináed mac Ailpín</a>, náði völdum í Piktalandi og stofnaði þar konungsættina sem nútímakonungar rekja ættir sínar til. Þetta markaði upphafið að endalokum sérstakrar piktískrar menningar.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 31–32 <a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Konungsríkið var kallað <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alba_(konungsr%C3%ADki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alba (konungsríki) (síða er ekki enn til)">Alba</a> og náði yfir sama land og Piktaland áður, en var gelískt. Undir lok 10. aldar dó <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikt%C3%ADska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piktíska (síða er ekki enn til)">piktíska</a> út sem tungumál og íbúar töluðu eftir það gelísku.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 32–33  Konungsríkið stækkaði bæði til suðurs, inn í fyrrum lönd Norðymbralands, og til norðurs inn í <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 34–35  Um árþúsundsskiptin safnaðist landbúnaðarland á færri hendur og fyrstu bæirnir voru stofnaðir.<a href="#cite_note-Forsyth-16">[16]</a>: 36–37  Á 12. og 13. öld komst stærstur hluti Skotlands undir einn konung. Í byrjun var gelísk menning allsráðandi, en aðflutningur fólks frá Frakklandi, Englandi og Flandri skapaði fjölbreyttara samfélag og <a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a> tók að taka við af gelísku. Smám saman varð til nútímalegt konungsríki. Undir lok tímabilsins urðu stríð við <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> til þess að styrkja sérstaka skoska sjálfsmynd.<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 37–39 <a href="#cite_note-Barrell_2000-27">[27]</a>: ch 1  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_1._Skotakonungur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davíð 1. Skotakonungur (síða er ekki enn til)">Davíð 1. Skotakonungur</a> (1124-1153) og eftirmenn hans styrktu konungsvaldið<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 41–42  og sameinuðu meginland Skotlands undir sinni stjórn með því að leggja undir sig Moray, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloway (síða er ekki enn til)">Galloway</a> og <a href="/wiki/Katanes" title="Katanes">Katanes</a>, þótt þeir næðu ekki að leggja undir sig <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Suðureyjar">Suðureyjar</a> sem ýmsir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoskir_%C3%A6ttb%C3%A1lkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoskir ættbálkar (síða er ekki enn til)">skoskir ættbálkar</a> höfðu ríkt yfir eftir dauða <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumarli%C3%B0i_(Su%C3%B0ureyjum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumarliði (Suðureyjum) (síða er ekki enn til)">Sumarliða</a> árið 1164.<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 48–49  <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nskerfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénskerfi">Lénskerfi</a> var komið á, bæði með innreið engilsaxneskra lávarða og með veitingu lands til gelískra höfðingja í skiptum fyrir hollustu þeirra við konung.<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 53–54  Hin flóknu tengsl við nágranna Skotlands í suðri á þessum tíma einkenndust í fyrstu af tilraunum skosku konunganna til að hagnýta sér pólitískt umrót á Englandi, en þar á eftir tók við lengsti friður milli landanna á miðöldum: milli 1217 og 1296.<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 45–46  <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial,_Stirling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg/250px-The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg/375px-The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg/500px-The_Wallace_Monument_Aerial%2C_Stirling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallace-minnismerki%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallace-minnismerkið (síða er ekki enn til)">Wallace-minnismerkið</a> var reist til minningar um skosku þjóðhetjuna <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a>.</figcaption></figure> Við andlát <a href="/wiki/Alexander_3._Skotakonungur" title="Alexander 3. Skotakonungur">Alexanders 3.</a> í mars 1286 rofnaði ættarveldi skosku konunganna. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1tvar%C3%B0ur_1._Englandskonungur" class="mw-redirect" title="Játvarður 1. Englandskonungur">Játvarður 1. Englandskonungur</a> tók að sér að miðla málum milli þeirra sem töldu sig eiga tilkall til krúnunnar. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3hann_Balliol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jóhann Balliol (síða er ekki enn til)">Jóhann Balliol</a> var krýndur árið 1292 í skiptum fyrir sjálfstæði Skotlands.<a href="#cite_note-Stringer-26">[26]</a>: 47 <a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Árið 1294 höfnuðu Balliol og aðrir skoskir lávarðar kröfu Játvarðs um að þeir tækju þátt í herför hans gegn Frökkum. Skotland og Frakkland gerðu með sér samning 23. október 1295, sem nefndist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auld_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auld Alliance (síða er ekki enn til)">Auld Alliance</a>. Í kjölfarið réðist Játvarður inn í Skotland og steypti Jóhanni af stóli. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Moray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Moray (síða er ekki enn til)">Andrew Moray</a> og <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a> urðu í upphafi helstu leiðtogar andspyrnu gegn enskum yfirráðum í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0isstr%C3%AD%C3%B0_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjálfstæðisstríð Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">sjálfstæðisstríðum Skotlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> þar til <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_1._Skotakonungur" title="Róbert 1. Skotakonungur">Róbert 1.</a> var krýndur konungur Skotlands árið 1306.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Sigur Skota í <a href="/wiki/Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Bannockburn" title="Orrustan við Bannockburn">orrustunni við Bannockburn</a> staðfesti yfirráð þeirra yfir ríkinu. Árið 1320 hlaut fyrsta opinbera sjálfstæðisyfirlýsing sögunnar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbroath-yfirl%C3%BDsingin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbroath-yfirlýsingin (síða er ekki enn til)">Arbroath-yfirlýsingin</a>, stuðning <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3hannes_22.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jóhannes 22. (síða er ekki enn til)">Jóhannesar 22.</a> páfa og samþykki ensku krúnunnar.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-31">[31]</a>: 70, 72  Borgarastyrjöld milli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce-%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce-ætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Bruce-ættar</a> og höfuðkeppinauta þeirra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comyn-%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comyn-ætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Comyn-ættar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol-%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balliol-ætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Balliol-ættar</a>, stóð fram á miðja 14. öld. Bruce-ættin hafði sigur, en þegar <a href="/wiki/Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_2._Skotakonungur" title="Davíð 2. Skotakonungur">Davíð 2.</a> lést án erfingja varð frændi hans, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_2._Skotakonungur" title="Róbert 2. Skotakonungur">Róbert 2.</a>, fyrsti konungur af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stewart-%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stewart-ætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Stewart-ætt</a> (af því hann hafði embættið <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_High_Steward_of_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord High Steward of Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">Lord High Steward of Scotland</a> eða „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stallari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stallari (síða er ekki enn til)">yfirstallari</a> Skotlands“).<a href="#cite_note-Brown-31">[31]</a>: 77  Stewart-ættin ríkti yfir Skotlandi það sem eftir lifði af miðöldum. Aukin hagsæld ríkti í landinu frá lokum 14. aldar, gegnum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_endurreisnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska endurreisnin (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku endurreisnina</a> að <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_si%C3%B0b%C3%B3tin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska siðbótin (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku siðbótinni</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mason-32">[32]</a>: 93  þrátt fyrir <a href="/wiki/Svarti_dau%C3%B0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Svarti dauði">svarta dauða</a> 1349<a href="#cite_note-Brown-31">[31]</a>: 76  og aukna misskiptingu milli <a href="/wiki/Skosku_h%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndin" title="Skosku hálöndin">Skosku hálandanna</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosku_l%C3%A1gl%C3%B6ndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosku láglöndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Skosku láglandanna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-31">[31]</a>: 78  Alls kyns samningar voru gerðir til að draga úr átökum við suðurlandamærin að Englandi.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-31">[31]</a>: 76, 83  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Árnýöld">Árnýöld</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Árnýöld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Árnýöld">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_(1618-1620).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_King_James_I_%26_VI_%281618-1620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jakob_6._Skotakonungur" title="Jakob 6. Skotakonungur">Jakob 6. Skotakonungur</a> tók við ensku og írsku krúnunni árið 1603.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samningur_um_eil%C3%ADfan_fri%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samningur um eilífan frið (síða er ekki enn til)">Samningur um eilífan frið</a> var undirritaður af <a href="/wiki/Jakob_4._Skotakonungur" title="Jakob 4. Skotakonungur">Jakobi 4.</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hinrik_7._Englandskonungur" title="Hinrik 7. Englandskonungur">Hinriki 7.</a> árið 1502. Jakob gekk að eiga dóttur Hinriks, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margr%C3%A9t_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margrét Tudor (síða er ekki enn til)">Margréti Tudor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Nokkrum árum síðar gerði Jakob innrás í England til stuðnings Frökkum samkvæmt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auld_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auld Alliance (síða er ekki enn til)">Auld Alliance-bandalaginu</a> og varð síðasti breski konungurinn sem lést í orrustu, í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Flodden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrustan við Flodden (síða er ekki enn til)">orrustunni við Flodden</a> árið 1513.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Á milli 1543 og 1551 áttu Skotar og Englendingar í stríði meðan <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Skotadrottning" title="María Skotadrottning">María Skotadrottning</a> var ómyndug. Stríðið var nefnt „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Harkalega_bi%C3%B0lunin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harkalega biðlunin (síða er ekki enn til)">harkalega biðlunin</a>“.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Árið 1560 var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ums%C3%A1tri%C3%B0_um_Leith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umsátrið um Leith (síða er ekki enn til)">umsátrinu um Leith</a> aflétt og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinborgarsamningurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinborgarsamningurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Edinborgarsamningurinn</a> undirritaður, þar sem <a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADsabet_1." title="Elísabet 1.">Elísabet 1.</a> var viðurkennd sem drottning Englands.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-32">[32]</a>: 112  <a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">Skoska þingið</a> kom saman og samþykkti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_tr%C3%BAarj%C3%A1tningin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska trúarjátningin (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku trúarjátninguna</a> sem fól í sér algjöran aðskilnað frá kaþólsku kirkjunni og valdi páfa.<a href="#cite_note-short-18">[18]</a>: 44  Hin kaþólska María Skotadrottning var neydd til að segja af sér árið 1567.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Árið 1603 tók <a href="/wiki/Jakob_6._Skotakonungur" title="Jakob 6. Skotakonungur">Jakob 6. Skotakonungur</a>, sonur Maríu, við völdum í <a href="/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_England" title="Konungsríkið England">Englandi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_%C3%8Drland" title="Konungsríkið Írland">Írlandi</a> þegar ríkin gengu í <a href="/wiki/Konungssamband" title="Konungssamband">konungssamband</a>. Hann flutti hirð sína til London.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Fyrsti <a href="/wiki/Breski_f%C3%A1ninn" class="mw-redirect" title="Breski fáninn">breski fáninn</a> var hannaður að ósk Jakobs og átti að flagga ásamt <a href="/wiki/Skoski_f%C3%A1ninn" class="mw-redirect" title="Skoski fáninn">skoska fánanum</a> á skoskum skipum. Jakob ætlaði sér að sameina ríkin í eitt konungsríki, en <a href="/wiki/Enska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Enska þingið">enska þingið</a> stóð gegn honum og studdi þess í stað að ein lög giltu um bæði ríkin, sem <a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">skoska þingið</a> vildi ekki samþykkja. Konungur hætti því við frekari sameiningu.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Fyrir utan stutt tímabil undir stjórn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breska_verndarr%C3%ADki%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breska verndarríkið (síða er ekki enn til)">verndarríkis</a> Cromwells var Skotland sérstakt ríki á 17. öld, en töluverð átök voru milli <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1lahreyfingin" title="Sáttmálahreyfingin">sáttmálamanna</a> og krúnunnar um það hver stjórn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_kirkjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska kirkjan (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku kirkjunnar</a> ætti að vera.<a href="#cite_note-Wormald-39">[39]</a>: 124  Herinn var efldur svo konungur náði stjórn á ættbálkunum í vesturhluta Hálandanna. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3nal%C3%B6gin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jónalögin (síða er ekki enn til)">Jónalögin</a> 1609 neyddu ættarhöfðingja á Suðureyjum til að senda syni sína til menntunar í Láglöndunum.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>: 37–40  Árið 1641 og aftur 1643 reyndi skoska þingið án árangurs að ná í gegn sameiningu við England sem byggðist á hugmyndinni um <a href="/wiki/Sambandsr%C3%ADki" title="Sambandsríki">sambandsríki</a> fremur en innlimun, þar sem Skotland héldi sínu þingi.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Árið 1648 var þingið klofið út af sambandsmálunum.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Í kjölfar þess að skoski konungurinn hafði verið tekinn af lífi í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitehall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whitehall (síða er ekki enn til)">Whitehall</a> árið 1649 í miðjum <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADr%C3%ADkjastr%C3%AD%C3%B0in" title="Þríríkjastríðin">Þríríkjastríðunum</a> setti <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> fyrstu stjórnarskrá Bretlandseyja með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrument_of_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrument of Government (síða er ekki enn til)">Instrument of Government</a> sem gerði Skotland hluta af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samveldi_Englands,_Skotlands_og_%C3%8Drlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samveldi Englands, Skotlands og Írlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Samveldi Englands, Skotlands og Írlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Fyrstu skosku fulltrúarnir á þinginu í Westminster tóku sæti á verndarþingi Samveldisins. Með <a href="/wiki/Endurreisn_konungd%C3%A6mis_%C3%AD_Englandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Endurreisn konungdæmis í Englandi">endurreisn konungdæmis í Englandi</a> komst <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%BAart%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stúartætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Stúartætt</a> aftur til valda í Skotlandi 1660. Skoska þingið sóttist eftir frjálsum viðskiptum við England árið 1664, en því var hafnað 1668.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Árið 1670 hafnaði enska þingið aftur sambandi við Skotland.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Sams konar tillögur enska þingsins féllu niður 1674 og 1685.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Altimarlach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrustan við Altimarlach (síða er ekki enn til)">Orrustan við Altimarlach</a> árið 1680 var síðasta stóra orrustan milli <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landa%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandaættir (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandaættanna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Eftir <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BDrlega_byltingin" title="Dýrlega byltingin">dýrlegu byltinguna</a> og flótta kaþólska konungsins <a href="/wiki/Jakob_2._Englandskonungur" title="Jakob 2. Englandskonungur">Jakobs 2.</a> tóku <a href="/wiki/Vilhj%C3%A1lmur_3._Englandskonungur" title="Vilhjálmur 3. Englandskonungur">Vilhjálmur 3. Englandskonungur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_2._Englandsdrottning" title="María 2. Englandsdrottning">María 2. Englandsdrottning</a> við völdum, en María var af Stúartættinni.<a href="#cite_note-Wormald-39">[39]</a>: 142  Skoska þingið hafnaði enn á ný tillögum um sameiningu árið 1689.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jakob%C3%ADtar" title="Jakobítar">Jakobítar</a>, stuðningsmenn hinna útlægu kaþólsku konunga af Stúartætt, voru ógn við yfirráð <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ran%C3%ADu%C3%A6tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Óraníuætt">Óraníuættar</a> og síðar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hann%C3%B3ver%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannóverætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Hannóverættar</a> þar til þeir voru endanlega sigraðir 1745.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Líkt og í öðrum löndum, eins og Frakklandi, Noregi, Svíþjóð og Finnlandi, gengu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%B6_har%C3%B0inda%C3%A1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjö harðindaár (síða er ekki enn til)">sjö harðindaár</a> yfir Skotland á 10. áratug 17. aldar, sem drógu úr barneignum og juku brottflutning fólks þannig að íbúafjöldi dróst víða saman um 10-15%.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Árið 1698 reyndi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandsfélagið (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandsfélagið</a> að stofna verslunarnýlendu á <a href="/wiki/Panamaei%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Panamaeiðið">Panamaeiðinu</a>. Nær allir skoskir landeigendur sem áttu eitthvað sparifé voru sagðir hafa fjárfest í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darien-fl%C3%A9ttan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darien-fléttan (síða er ekki enn til)">Darien-fléttunni</a> sem snerist um nýlendustofnun og flutningaleið yfir Panamaeiðið.<a href="#cite_note-:6-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-45">[45]</a> Þegar enn einni sameiningartillögunni frá ensku lávarðadeildinni var hafnað 1695 og önnur felld í fulltrúadeildinni árið 1700, hafnaði skoska þingið enn á ný sameiningartillögum árið 1702.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> Hrun Darien-fléttunnar varð til þess að skoskir landeigendur sem höfðu fjárfest í henni urðu gjaldþrota. Það, ásamt ótta við innrás frá Englandi, leiddi til þess að skoska yfirstéttin gerðist hlynnt sambandi við England.<a href="#cite_note-:6-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-45">[45]</a> Þann 22. júlí 1706 var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambandssamningurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambandssamningurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Sambandssamningurinn</a> samþykktur af fulltrúum skoska þingsins og enska þingsins. Árið á eftir voru <a href="/wiki/Sambandsl%C3%B6gin_1707" title="Sambandslögin 1707">Sambandslögin 1707</a> samþykkt af báðum þingum og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konungsr%C3%ADki_St%C3%B3ra-Bretlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konungsríki Stóra-Bretlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Konungsríki Stóra-Bretlands</a> varð að veruleika frá 1. maí 1707.<a href="#cite_note-Mackie-46">[46]</a> Almenningur var andsnúinn sameiningu og uppþot urðu í <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> og fleiri stöðum.<a href="#cite_note-1707_protests-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Hið nýja <a href="/wiki/Breska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Breska þingið">þing Stóra-Bretlands</a> hafnaði þeirri tillögu <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Drska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Írska þingið (síða er ekki enn til)">írska þingsins</a> að Írland yrði hluti af sameiningunni.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>Málverk eftir <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Morier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Morier (síða er ekki enn til)">David Morier</a> sem sýnir orrustuna við Culloden (An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745).</figcaption></figure> Afnám tolla á verslun við England varð til þess að hún blómstraði, sérstaklega viðskipti við <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BDlendur_Breta_%C3%AD_Amer%C3%ADku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nýlendur Breta í Ameríku (síða er ekki enn til)">nýlendur Breta í Ameríku</a>. Klippararnir sem <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B3baksl%C3%A1var%C3%B0arnir_%C3%AD_Glasgow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tóbakslávarðarnir í Glasgow (síða er ekki enn til)">tóbakslávarðarnir í Glasgow</a> ráku voru hraðskreiðustu skip á siglingaleiðinni til <a href="/wiki/Virgin%C3%ADa" title="Virginía">Virginíu</a>. Fram að <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0isstr%C3%AD%C3%B0_Bandar%C3%ADkjanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjálfstæðisstríð Bandaríkjanna">sjálfstæðisstríði Bandaríkjanna</a> 1776 var Glasgow mest tóbakshöfn heims.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Margra alda misskipting jókst enn þegar kaupmenn í láglöndunum auðguðust, meðan hálandahöfðingjarnir urðu fátækari. <a href="/wiki/Jakob%C3%ADtar" title="Jakobítar">Jakobítar</a>, fylgismenn konunga af Stúartætt, nutu töluverðs fylgis í Hálöndunum og norðausturhlutanum, sérstaklega meðal íbúa sem aðhylltust biskupakirkju og kaþólska trú. Tvær stórar uppreisnir voru gerðar á 18. öld, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob%C3%ADtauppreisnin_1715&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobítauppreisnin 1715 (síða er ekki enn til)">Jakobítauppreisnin 1715</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob%C3%ADtauppreisnin_1745&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobítauppreisnin 1745 (síða er ekki enn til)">Jakobítauppreisnin 1745</a>, en hvorugri þeirra tókst að hnika valdi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hann%C3%B3ver%C3%A6tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannóverætt (síða er ekki enn til)">Hannóverættar</a> yfir bresku krúnunni. Jakobítahreyfingin var á endanum brotin á bak aftur með ósigri þeirra í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Culloden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrustan við Culloden (síða er ekki enn til)">orrustunni við Culloden</a>, sem var jafnframt síðasta skiptið sem tvö lið fylktu sér til orrustu á breskri grundu. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iðnbyltingin_og_skoska_upplýsingin">Iðnbyltingin og skoska upplýsingin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Iðnbyltingin og skoska upplýsingin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Iðnbyltingin og skoska upplýsingin">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Skoska_uppl%C3%BDsingin" title="Skoska upplýsingin">Skoska upplýsingin</a> og <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0nbyltingin" title="Iðnbyltingin">iðnbyltingin</a> gerðu Skotland að þvílíkri miðstöð mennta, viðskipta og iðnaðar<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> að <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> sagði „Við sækjum allar okkar hugmyndir um siðmenningu til Skotlands."<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Með ósigri Jakobíta og sambandinu við England, tóku þúsundir Skota, aðallega frá Láglöndunum, við valdastöðum í stjórnmálum, opinberri þjónustu, her og flota, í viðskiptum og stjórn nýlendna um allt <a href="/wiki/Breska_heimsveldi%C3%B0" title="Breska heimsveldið">breska heimsveldið</a>. Sagnfræðingurinn Neil Davidson skrifaði að eftir 1746 hafi opnast ný tækifæri fyrir Skota til þátttöku í opinberu lífi, sérstaklega utan Skotlands. Davidson nefnir líka að Skosku láglöndin hafi verið miðlæg í breska hagkerfinu.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Í Hálöndunum tóku ættarhöfðingjar smám saman að líta fremur á sig sem hefðbundna landeigendur en ættarleiðtoga. Félagslegar og efnahagslegar breytingar birtust greinilega þegar <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landahreinsanirnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandahreinsanirnar (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandahreinsanirnar</a> hófust og ættbálkakerfið hrundi.<a href="#cite_note-Devine_1994-53">[53]</a>: 32–53, passim  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg/330px-Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg/440px-Tourists_posing_at_the_National_Monument_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnismerki_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minnismerki Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Minnismerki Skotlands</a> á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calton-h%C3%A6%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calton-hæð (síða er ekki enn til)">Calton-hæð</a> í Edinborg er minnismerki um skoska hermenn sem féllu í <a href="/wiki/Nap%C3%B3leonsstyrjaldirnar" title="Napóleonsstyrjaldirnar">Napóleonsstyrjöldunum</a>.</figcaption></figure> Með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosku_umb%C3%B3tal%C3%B6gin_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosku umbótalögin 1832 (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku umbótalögunum 1832</a> fjölgaði skoskum þingmönnum og fleiri millistéttarmenn komust til áhrifa.<a href="#cite_note-Devine&Finlay1996pp64-5-54">[54]</a> Frá miðri 19. öld jukust kröfur um aukna heimastjórn og staða <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ráðherra Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">ráðherra Skotlands</a> var endurvakin.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Undir lok aldarinnar var Bretland með tvo forsætisráðherra af skoskum ættum, <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quinault2007-56">[56]</a> og <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Primrose">Archibald Primrose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Seint á 19. öld markaði kosningasigur <a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Keir Hardie</a> í aukakosningum í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C3%B0-Lanarkshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mið-Lanarkshire (síða er ekki enn til)">Mið-Lanarkshire</a> 1888 aukin áhrif verkalýðsins og leiddi til stofnunar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoski_verkamannaflokkurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoski verkamannaflokkurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Skoska verkamannaflokksins</a> (sem rann síðar saman við <a href="/wiki/Breski_verkamannaflokkurinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Breski verkamannaflokkurinn">Breska verkamannaflokkinn</a>) og Hardie varð fyrsti leiðtogi hans.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Glasgow varð ein af stærstu borgum heims og varð þekkt sem „önnur borg heimsveldisins“ á eftir London.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Eftir 1860 tóku skipasmíðastöðvarnar í Clyde-firði að sérhæfa sig í smíði gufuskipa úr járni (stáli eftir 1870) sem ruddu seglskipum úr timbri hratt úr vegi í skipastól heimsins. Glasgow varð helsta miðstöð skipasmíða í heimi.<a href="#cite_note-Shields1949-60">[60]</a> Þróun iðnaðar varð hröð og færði heim mikla vinnu og auðæfi, en olli því jafnframt að húsnæði, borgarskipulag og lýðheilsa sat á hakanum, og um tíma einkenndust aðstæður íbúa í borgum og bæjum Skotlands af þröngum húsakynnum, hárri tíðni barnadauða og fjölgun berklatilfella.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg/170px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg/255px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg/340px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Walter_Scott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> átti stóran þátt í að móta skoska sjálfsmynd á 19. öld með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waverley-s%C3%B6gurnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waverley-sögurnar (síða er ekki enn til)">Waverley-sögunum</a>.</figcaption></figure> Almennt er talið að skoska upplýsingin hafi liðið undir lok þegar 18. öldinni lauk,<a href="#cite_note-Magnusson-62">[62]</a> en næstu 50 árin voru framlög Skota til breskra vísinda og bókmennta miklu meiri en fjöldi þeirra gaf tilefni til, með verkum vísindamanna á borð við <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin_l%C3%A1var%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelvin lávarður (síða er ekki enn til)">Kelvin lávarð</a>, og verkfræðinga og uppfinningamanna á borð við <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Murdoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Murdoch (síða er ekki enn til)">William Murdoch</a>, en verk þeirra skiptu sköpum fyrir iðnbyltinguna í Bretlandi.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Af skoskum rithöfundum naut <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> mestra vinsælda á 19. öld. Fyrsta skáldsagan hans, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waverley_(sk%C3%A1ldsaga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waverley (skáldsaga) (síða er ekki enn til)">Waverley</a> kom út 1814 og er stundum kölluð fyrsta sögulega skáldsagan.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Vinsældir verka Scott áttu stóran þátt í mótun sérstakrar skoskrar sjálfsmyndar.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Seint á 19. öld náði fjöldi skoskra rithöfunda alþjóðlegum vinsældum. Þeirra á meðal voru <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._M._Barrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. M. Barrie (síða er ekki enn til)">J. M. Barrie</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George MacDonald (síða er ekki enn til)">George MacDonald</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Skotland lék líka stórt hlutverk í myndlist og arkitektúr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasgow-sk%C3%B3linn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasgow-skólinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Glasgow-skólinn</a>, sem blómstraði snemma á 20. öld, var undir áhrifum frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keltaendurreisnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keltaendurreisnin (síða er ekki enn til)">Keltaendurreisninni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arts_and_Crafts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arts and Crafts (síða er ekki enn til)">Arts and Crafts-hreyfingunni</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanismi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanismi (síða er ekki enn til)">Japanisma</a>, og átti þátt í þróun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Noveau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art Noveau (síða er ekki enn til)">Art Noveau-listastefnunnar</a> í Evrópu. Meðal helstu forvígismanna skólans var listamaðurinn og arkitektinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh (síða er ekki enn til)">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Á þessum tíma fór áhugi á menningu Hálandanna vaxandi. Undir áhrifum frá <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mant%C3%ADkin" title="Rómantíkin">rómantíkinni</a> á 3. áratug 19. aldar komust skoskur <a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Skotapils" title="Skotapils">skotapils</a> í tísku hjá yfirstéttinni, ekki bara í Skotlandi heldur um alla Evrópu,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sievers2007-69">[69]</a> meðal annars vegna vinsælda sagnakvæða <a href="/wiki/Oss%C3%ADan" title="Ossían">Ossíans</a> eftir Macpherson<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> og Waverley-sagna Walter Scott.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Hálöndin voru áfram fátækt og vanþróað svæði og eina landsvæði á meginlandi Bretlands þar sem reglulega komu upp hungursneyðir. Nær engin iðnframleiðsla var þar, en sjálfsþurftarbúskapurinn stóð ekki undir fólksfjölgun. Þörfin fyrir umbætur í landbúnaði var notuð sem réttlæting fyrir <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landahreinsanirnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandahreinsanirnar (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandahreinsununum</a>, þar sem stór hluti íbúa Hálandanna var hrakinn burt af kotum sínum meðan landið var girt af fyrir ræktun á stórum kindahjörðum sem gáfu af sér verðmæta ull. Fyrsta tímabil hreinsananna fylgdi sama mynstri og annars staðar á Bretlandseyjum, meðan seinna tímabilið stafaði af offjölgun, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kart%C3%B6fluney%C3%B0in_%C3%AD_H%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndunum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartöfluneyðin í Hálöndunum (síða er ekki enn til)">kartöfluneyðinni í Hálöndunum</a> og hruni iðnaðar sem reiddi sig á hækkað verð afurða vegna Napóleonsstyrjaldanna.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Íbúafjöldi Skotlands óx jafnt og þétt á 19. öld. Árið 1801 voru íbúar 1,6 milljón, 1851 voru þeir 2,9 milljónir og 1901 voru þeir nær 4,5 milljónir.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Þróun iðnaðar í Hálöndunum náði ekki að skapa nógu mörg störf, og á tímabilinu milli 1841 og 1931 fluttu um 2 milljónir Skota til Norður-Ameríku og Ástralíu, og önnur 750.000 fluttust til Englands.<a href="#cite_note-Huston&Knox2001pxxxii-75">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/350px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/525px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/700px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Sundrungarþingið; málverk eftir <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Octavius_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Octavius Hill (síða er ekki enn til)">David Octavius Hill</a>.</figcaption></figure> Eftir langvinn átök innan kirkjunnar, náðu evangelistar yfirhöndinni á <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eing_skosku_kirkjunnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þing skosku kirkjunnar (síða er ekki enn til)">þingi skosku kirkjunnar</a> árið 1834 og samþykktu neitunarlögin, sem heimiluðu sóknum að hafna skipuðum prestum sem ekki nytu samþykkis sóknarbarna. Þessu fylgdu tíu ára átök sem lyktaði með ósigri neitunarsinna í dómsölum. Afleiðingin var sú að sumir þeirra, undir forystu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Chalmers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Chalmers (síða er ekki enn til)">Thomas Chalmers</a>, klufu sig frá kirkjunni, sem var kallað <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkjusundrungin_1843&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkjusundrungin 1843 (síða er ekki enn til)">kirkjusundrungin 1843</a>. Um þriðjungur presta frá norðurhluta landsins og Hálöndunum stofnaði <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_fr%C3%ADkirkjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska fríkirkjan (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku fríkirkjuna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robb1990-76">[76]</a> Seint á 19. öld urðu átök milli íhaldssamra kalvínista og frjálslyndari afla innan kirkjunnar til þess að þeir fyrrnefndu klufu sig frá og mynduðu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosku_%C3%B6ldungafr%C3%ADkirkjuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosku öldungafríkirkjuna (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku öldungafríkirkjuna</a> árið 1893.<a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-77">[77]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frelsun_ka%C3%BE%C3%B3likka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frelsun kaþólikka (síða er ekki enn til)">Frelsun kaþólikka</a> árið 1829 og aðflutningur írskra innflytjenda, sérstaklega eftir hungursneyðina um miðja öldina, varð til þess að fjöldi kaþólskra jókst, sérstaklega í Láglöndunum og árið 1878 var kaþólskri kirkjudeild komið á, þrátt fyrir mikla andstöðu.<a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-77">[77]</a> Iðnvæðing, þéttbýlisvæðing og kirkjusundrungin áttu öll þátt í því að draga úr áhrifum kirkjuskólanna. Frá 1830 hóf ríkið að styrkja opinberar skólabyggingar og frá 1846 fjármagnaði það skóla. Árið 1872 tók Skotland upp sams konar kerfi opinberra og ókeypis skóla sem reknir voru af skólaráðum, líkt og annars staðar í Bretlandi.<a href="#cite_note-Devine2001p91-100-78">[78]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasgow-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasgow-háskóli (síða er ekki enn til)">Glasgow-háskóli</a> varð einn fyrsti háskólinn sem tók aðallega inn nemendur úr millistétt, fremur en aðalsstétt.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3linn_%C3%AD_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Háskólinn í St Andrews (síða er ekki enn til)">Háskólinn í St Andrews</a> var fyrsti háskólinn í Skotlandi sem tók við kvenkyns nemendum. Frá 1892 máttu allir skoskir háskólar taka við konum og fjöldi kvenkyns nemenda óx jafnt og þétt.<a href="#cite_note-Rayner-Canham2008-80">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:-Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/-Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg/220px--Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/-Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg/330px--Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/-Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg/440px--Spying_in_Glenfeshie-_MET_DP148525.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>Dádýraveiðimenn fylgjast með dádýrum með kíkjum, um 1858.</figcaption></figure> Með tilkomu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frystib%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frystibúnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">frystibúnaðar</a> og innflutningi á lamba- og kindakjöti og ull frá öðrum löndum, hrundi verð á sauðfé og vöxturinn sem áður hafði verið í sauðfjárrækt stöðvaðist.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> Verð á jarðeignum hrundi í kjölfarið sem leiddi til svokallaðrar Balmoral-væðingar Skotlands, með aukinni ferðaþjónustu þar sem stórar landareignir voru nýttar sem veiðilendur fyrir skotveiði, sérstaklega í Hálöndunum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[82]</a> Þetta ferli var nefnt eftir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balmoral-h%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balmoral-höll (síða er ekki enn til)">Balmoral-höll</a> sem <a href="/wiki/Viktor%C3%ADa_Bretadrottning" title="Viktoría Bretadrottning">Viktoría Bretadrottning</a> keypti árið 1848 og varð til þess að fjöldi auðmanna keypti svipaðar landareignir á næstu áratugum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[82]</a> Seint á 19. öld áttu aðeins 118 manns helming allra jarða í Skotlandi, og nær 60% af öllu landinu voru veiðilendur.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> Dádýraveiðar og rjúpnaveiðar eru enn mikilvægar á mörgum landareignum í Skotlandi.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heimsstyrjaldir_og_iðnvæðing">Heimsstyrjaldir og iðnvæðing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Heimsstyrjaldir og iðnvæðing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Heimsstyrjaldir og iðnvæðing">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front,_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg/220px-The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg/330px-The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg/440px-The_Cooperation_of_the_Allied_Forces_on_the_Western_Front%2C_1914-1918_Q7179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3045" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> kanna <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1lendingar_Gordons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálendingar Gordons (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálendinga Gordons</a> árið 1918.</figcaption></figure> Skotland lék lykilhlutverk í stríðsrekstri Breta í <a href="/wiki/Fyrri_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrri heimsstyrjöld">fyrri heimsstyrjöld</a>. Þaðan komu mannafli, skip, vélar, fiskur og peningar.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Íbúar Skotlands voru þá 4,8 milljónir og yfir hálf milljón manna börðust í stríðinu. Þar af dó fjórðungur í bardögum eða úr sjúkdómum, og 150.000 særðust alvarlega.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson (síða er ekki enn til)">Niall Ferguson</a> bendir á í bókinni The Pity of War að dánarhlutfall skoskra hermanna hafi verið það þriðja mesta í stríðinu, á eftir Serbíu og Tyrklandi, og miklu hærra en meðal annarra breskra herdeilda.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Yfirmaður breska heraflans á vesturvígstöðvunum var Skotinn <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a>, hermarskálkur. Í stríðinu varð til róttæk hreyfing verkafólks í því sem nefnt var „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rau%C3%B0a_Clydeside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rauða Clydeside (síða er ekki enn til)">Rauða Clydeside</a>“. Iðnaðarhverfin sem áður kusu <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1lslyndi_flokkurinn_(Bretlandi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frjálslyndi flokkurinn (Bretlandi)">Frjálslynda flokkinn</a> tóku að styðja <a href="/wiki/Breski_verkamannaflokkurinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Breski verkamannaflokkurinn">Verkamannaflokkinn</a> árið 1922, sérstaklega verkamannahverfi þar sem írskir kaþólikkar bjuggu. Konur voru virkar í að berjast fyrir húsnæðisumbótum. „Rauðliðarnir“ störfuðu innan flokksins sem hafði lítil áhrif á þingi, og seinna á 3. áratugnum kom uppgjafartónn í hreyfinguna.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Skipasmíðaiðnaðurinn stækkaði við sig í stríðinu, en alvarleg kreppa gekk yfir árið 1922 og starfsemin náði sér ekki að fullu fyrr en 1939. Millistríðsárin einkenndust af stöðnun og atvinnuleysi bæði í þéttbýli og dreifbýli.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Ungt fólk flúði frá Skotlandi þar sem félagslegar aðstæður voru verri en annars staðar í Bretlandi hvort sem litið var á heilsufar, húsnæði eða atvinnuhorfur. Meginástæða vandans var að efnahagslífið í Skotlandi var háð þungaiðnaði og námavinnslu. Þessar aðstæður urðu til þess að Skotland tók hugmyndum um miðstýrða efnahagsstefnu fagnandi eftir <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0ari_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Síðari heimsstyrjöld">síðari heimsstyrjöld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Í síðari heimsstyrjöld varð Skotland að skotmarki Þjóðverja vegna verksmiðjanna, skipasmíðastöðvanna og kolanámanna.<a href="#cite_note-blitz-90">[90]</a> Þýskar sprengjuflugvélar gerðu margar árásir á borgir eins og <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> og <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a> og minni bæi í miðbeltinu.<a href="#cite_note-blitz-90">[90]</a> Ein harðasta árásin var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprengju%C3%A1r%C3%A1sin_%C3%A1_Clydebank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprengjuárásin á Clydebank (síða er ekki enn til)">sprengjuárásin á Clydebank</a> árið 1941 þar sem Þjóðverjar reyndu að eyðileggja skipasmíðastöðvar.<a href="#cite_note-Clydebank_blitz-91">[91]</a> 528 manns létust í árásinni og 4.000 heimili eyðilögðust.<a href="#cite_note-Clydebank_blitz-91">[91]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg/220px-Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg/330px-Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg/440px-Rudolf_Hess_-_Bf_110D_Werk_Nr_3869_-_Wreckage_-_Bonnyton_Moor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a> brotlenti flugvél sinni í miðbelti Skotlands og reyndi að semja um frið.</figcaption></figure> Eitt óvenjulegasta atvikið í Skotlandi í síðari heimsstyrjöld varð þegar <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a>, varaforingi þýska ríkisins, flaug til <a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire" title="Renfrewshire">Renfrewshire</a>, líklega í þeim tilgangi að semja um frið í gegnum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertoginn_af_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hertoginn af Hamilton (síða er ekki enn til)">hertogann af Hamilton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Áður en hann lagði af stað frá Þýskalandi lét Hess aðstoðarmann sinn, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Pintsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlheinz Pintsch (síða er ekki enn til)">Karlheinz Pintsch</a>, fá bréf stílað á Hitler þar sem hann lýsti fyrirætlunum sínum um að hefja samningaviðræður við Breta. Pintsch afhenti Hitler bréfið í Berghof á hádegi 11. maí.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008168-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> sagði síðar frá því að Hitler hefði lýst þessu sem einu af sínum verstu áföllum og leit á þetta sem persónuleg svik við sig.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESereny1996240-94">[94]</a> Hitler óttaðist að bandamenn hans á Ítalíu og Japan túlkuðu þetta sem tilraun Hitlers til að hefja friðarviðræður við Breta á laun. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg/220px-Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg/330px-Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg/440px-Royal_Scots_with_flag_01-1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Herdeildin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Scots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Scots (síða er ekki enn til)">Royal Scots</a> með hertekinn japanskan fána í Búrma, 1945.</figcaption></figure> Í síðari heimsstyrjöld var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scapa_Flow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scapa Flow (síða er ekki enn til)">Scapa Flow</a> í Orkneyjum mikilvæg flotastöð fyrir <a href="/wiki/Breski_flotinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Breski flotinn">breska flotann</a>. Flugmenn úr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breski_flugherinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breski flugherinn (síða er ekki enn til)">breska flughernum</a> fengu sína fyrstu reynslu af að skjóta niður sprengjuflugvélar yfir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth-fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forth-fjörður (síða er ekki enn til)">Forth-firði</a> og <a href="/wiki/Austur-Lothian" title="Austur-Lothian">Austur-Lothian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Skipasmíðastöðvarnar og vélsmiðjurnar í Glasgow og Clydeside léku stórt hlutverk í stríðsrekstrinum og urðu fyrir endurteknum mannskæðum árásum frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luftwaffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luftwaffe (síða er ekki enn til)">Luftwaffe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan2003p51-96">[96]</a> Skotland lék líka lykilhlutverk í baráttunni um Norður-Atlantshaf.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Nálægð <a href="/wiki/Hjaltlandseyjar" title="Hjaltlandseyjar">Hjaltlandseyja</a> við Noreg varð til þess að Norðmenn flúðu þangað á fiskibátum yfir <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%B3r" title="Norðursjór">Norðursjó</a> og margir gengu í útlagaherdeildir Norðmanna.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Skoskur iðnaður gekk í gegnum blómaskeið í stríðinu. Atvinnuleysið hvarf og margar konur hófu störf í verksmiðjum. Skipasmíðastöðvarnar fengu meira að gera, en mörg smærri iðnfyrirtæki framleiddu vélar fyrir breskar sprengjuflugvélar, skriðdreka og herskip.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan2003p51-96">[96]</a> Landbúnaðurinn blómstraði, líkt og nánast öll svið atvinnulífsins nema kolanámurnar sem voru að þrotum komnar. Laun hækkuðu um fjórðung að raunvirði. Auknar tekjur og jafnari dreifing matvæla með ströngu skömmtunarkerfi bættu bæði heilsu og næringarstig almennings til muna. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament,_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg/220px-Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg/330px-Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg/440px-Opening_of_the_Scottish_Parliament%2C_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">Skoska þingið</a> kemur saman á ný 1999 með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Dewar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Dewar (síða er ekki enn til)">Donald Dewar</a>, fyrsta ráðherra Skotlands (til vinstri), <a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADsabet_2." class="mw-redirect" title="Elísabet 2.">Elísabetu 2.</a> (í miðið) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Steel (síða er ekki enn til)">David Steel</a> þingforseta (til hægri).</figcaption></figure> Eftir stríðslok 1945 versnaði efnahagsstaðan í Skotlandi út af samkeppni erlendis frá, óhagkvæmum iðnaði og vinnudeilum.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Síðustu áratugi hefur landið gengið í gegnum menningarlega og efnahagslega endurnýjun, meðal annars vegna vaxtar fjármálageirans, framleiðslu rafeindatækja (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Glen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon Glen (síða er ekki enn til)">Silicon Glen</a>),<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> og olíu- og gasvinnslu í Norðursjó.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Þegar ríkisstjórn Margaret Thatcher lagði þar á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefskattur_(Bretlandi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefskattur (Bretlandi) (síða er ekki enn til)">nefskattinn</a> ári fyrr en annars staðar í Bretlandi,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> fengu hugmyndir um aukna heimastjórn meira vægi.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Eftir þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu um valddreifingu 1997 samþykkti breska þingið <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsl%C3%B6gin_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandslögin 1998 (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandslögin 1998</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> sem kváðu á um stofnun <a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">skoska þingsins</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3rn_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ríkisstjórn Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">ríkisstjórn Skotlands</a> sem færi með löggjöf um mál sem vörðuðu Skotland sérstaklega.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Skoska þingið kom aftur saman í Edinborg 4. júlí 1999.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Fyrsti fyrsti ráðherra Skotlands var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Dewar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Dewar (síða er ekki enn til)">Donald Dewar</a> sem gegndi því embætti þar til hann lést skyndilega árið 2000.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21._öldin">21. öldin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Breyti hluta: 21. öldin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: 21. öldin">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_%C3%BEingh%C3%BAsi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska þinghúsið (síða er ekki enn til)">Skoska þinghúsið</a> var opnað í Holyrood í október 2004 eftir tafir á framkvæmdum og framúrkeyrslu.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Það blandaða kosningakerfi sem notað er í þingkosningum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%B0b%C3%B3tar%C3%BEingma%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viðbótarþingmaður (síða er ekki enn til)">viðbótarþingmannakerfið</a>) varð til þess að enginn flokkur náði hreinum meirihluta í fyrstu þremur þingkosningum. <a href="/wiki/Skoski_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0arflokkurinn" title="Skoski þjóðarflokkurinn">Skoski þjóðarflokkurinn</a> undir forystu <a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a> náði meirihluta í þingkosningum 2011 með 69 þingsæti af 129.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Velgengni flokksins ruddi brautina fyrir <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0sla_um_sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0i_Skotlands_2014" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla um sjálfstæði Skotlands 2014">þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu um sjálfstæði Skotlands 2014</a> þar sem meirihluti, eða 55%, kaus gegn sjálfstæði.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Eftir atkvæðagreiðsluna fékk skoska þingið meiri völd í skattamálum samkvæmt tillögum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith-nefndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith-nefndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Smith-nefndarinnar</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landfræði">Landfræði</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Breyti hluta: Landfræði" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Landfræði">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> Skoska fastalandið nær yfir einn þriðja hluta eyjunnar <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3ra-Bretland" title="Stóra-Bretland">Stóra-Bretlands</a> eða tæplega 79.000 ferkílómetra. Það er því álíka stórt og <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland">Tékkland</a>. Einu landamæri Skotlands á landi eru við <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> í suðri. Landamærin eru 96 km að lengd og ná frá ánni <a href="/wiki/Tweed_(%C3%A1)" title="Tweed (á)">Tweed</a> í austri að <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solway_Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solway Firth (síða er ekki enn til)">Solway Firth</a> í vestri. Vestan Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/Atlantshaf" title="Atlantshaf">Atlantshafið</a> og austan megin <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%B3r" title="Norðursjór">Norðursjór</a>. Írland er aðeins 30 km suðvestan við höfðann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintyre (síða er ekki enn til)">Kintyre</a>. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> eru 270 km norðan við Skotland og <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregur</a> 305 km norðaustan við það. Land Skotlands var formlega skilgreint í <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3rv%C3%ADkursamningurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jórvíkursamningurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Jórvíkursamningnum</a> milli Skotlands og Englands 1237 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perth-samningurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perth-samningurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Perth-samningnum</a> milli Skotlands og Noregs 1266. Utan þessara samninga lágu meðal annars eyjan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6n_(%C3%8Drlandshafi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mön (Írlandshafi)">Mön</a> sem Englendingar náðu á sitt vald á 14. öld og er nú sjálfstæð krúnunýlenda, <a href="/wiki/Orkneyjar" title="Orkneyjar">Orkneyjar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hjaltlandseyjar" title="Hjaltlandseyjar">Hjaltlandseyjar</a> sem Skotakonungur fékk frá Danmörku 1472 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berwick-upon-Tweed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed (síða er ekki enn til)">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a> sem Englendingar hertóku 1482. Landfræðileg miðja Skotlands er nálægt þorpinu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newtonmore (síða er ekki enn til)">Newtonmore</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badenoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badenoch (síða er ekki enn til)">Badenoch</a>. Hæsti tindur Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lochaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lochaber (síða er ekki enn til)">Lochaber</a> sem nær 1.344 metra hæð yfir sjávarmáli. <a href="/wiki/Munro" title="Munro">Munro</a> eru fjöll yfir 300 fetum (914 metrum) og eru þau 282 talsins. Lengsta á Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/Tay" title="Tay">Tay</a>, 190 km löng. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jarðfræði">Jarðfræði</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Breyti hluta: Jarðfræði" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Jarðfræði">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Scotland_(Location)_Named_(HR).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png/150px-Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png/225px-Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png/300px-Scotland_%28Location%29_Named_%28HR%29.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Helstu hlutar Skotlands</figcaption></figure> Skotland var þakið ís á jökulskeiðum <a href="/wiki/Pleist%C3%B3sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleistósen">Pleistósentímabilsins</a> og landslagið er því mjög jökulsorfið. Jarðfræðilega skiptist landið í þrjá meginhluta. <a href="/wiki/Skosku_h%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndin" title="Skosku hálöndin">Hálöndin</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosku_eyjarnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosku eyjarnar (síða er ekki enn til)">eyjarnar</a> liggja norðan og vestan við <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landabrotabelti%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandabrotabeltið (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandabrotabeltið</a> sem liggur frá <a href="/wiki/Arran" title="Arran">Arran</a> til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stonehaven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stonehaven (síða er ekki enn til)">Stonehaven</a>. Í þessum hluta Skotlands eru aðallega klettar frá <a href="/wiki/Kambr%C3%ADum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambríum">kambríum-</a> og <a href="/wiki/Forkambr%C3%ADum" title="Forkambríum">forkambríumtímabilunum</a> sem lyftust upp síðar, þegar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaled%C3%B3n%C3%ADski_fjallgar%C3%B0urinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaledóníski fjallgarðurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Kaledóníski fjallgarðurinn</a> myndaðist fyrir 490-390 milljón árum. Innan um er að finna nýrra <a href="/wiki/Storkuberg" title="Storkuberg">storkuberg</a> en leifarnar af því mynda fjallgarðana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairngorms (síða er ekki enn til)">Cairngorms</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuillins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuillins (síða er ekki enn til)">Cuillins</a> á <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Skíð">Skye</a>. Utan við þetta er svo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Red_Sandstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Red Sandstone (síða er ekki enn til)">rauður sandsteinn</a> með miklum steingervingum sem finnst aðallega í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moray_Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moray Firth (síða er ekki enn til)">Moray Firth</a>. Hálöndin eru fjalllend og þar er að finna hæstu tinda Bretlandseyja. Við Skotland eru yfir 790 eyjar sem skiptast í fjóra meginklasa: Hjaltlandseyjar, Orkneyjar, <a href="/wiki/Innri_Su%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Innri Suðureyjar">Innri Suðureyjar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ytri_Su%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Ytri Suðureyjar">Ytri Suðureyjar</a>. Þar er að finna fjölda vatna, eins og <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> og <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness" title="Loch Ness">Loch Ness</a>. Við ströndina eru sums staðar lág beitilönd sem eru kölluð <a href="/w/index.php?title=Machair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machair (síða er ekki enn til)">machair</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C3%B0l%C3%A1gl%C3%B6ndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miðláglöndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Miðláglöndin</a> eru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigdalur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigdalur (síða er ekki enn til)">sigdalur</a> með steinmyndunum frá <a href="/wiki/Fornl%C3%ADfs%C3%B6ld" title="Fornlífsöld">fornlífsöld</a>. Mörg setlög á þessu svæði eru efnahagslega mikilvæg því þau innihalda <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rn" title="Járn">járn</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">kol</a> sem standa undir skoskum þungaiðnaði. Á þessu svæði hefur líka verið mikið um eldvirkni. Fjallið <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6ti_Art%C3%BArs" title="Sæti Artúrs">Sæti Artúrs</a> við Edinborg er til dæmis leifar af kulnuðu eldfjalli. Miðláglöndin eru almennt flatlend en þó eru hæðir eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ochils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ochils (síða er ekki enn til)">Ochils</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campsie_Fells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campsie Fells (síða er ekki enn til)">Campsie Fells</a> aldrei langt undan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sy%C3%B0ri_uppl%C3%B6ndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syðri upplöndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Syðri upplöndin</a> eru um 200 km löng hæðadrög með breiðum dölum á milli. Þau liggja sunnan við annað brotabelti (Syðra upplandabeltið) sem liggur frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girvan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girvan (síða er ekki enn til)">Girvan</a> til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunbar (síða er ekki enn til)">Dunbar</a>. Þau eru aðallega úr seti frá <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADl%C3%BArt%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Sílúrtímabilið">sílúrtímabilinu</a> fyrir 4-500 milljón árum. Hæsti tindur Upplandanna er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrick_(Galloway)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrick (Galloway) (síða er ekki enn til)">Merrick</a> sem nær 843 metra hæð. Þar er líka hæsta þorp Skotlands, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanlockhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanlockhead (síða er ekki enn til)">Wanlockhead</a>, í 430 metra hæð. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veðurfar">Veðurfar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Breyti hluta: Veðurfar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Veðurfar">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Tiree,_Balephuil_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg/220px-Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg/330px-Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg/440px-Tiree%2C_Balephuil_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Tiree er einn af sólríkustu stöðum Skotlands</figcaption></figure> Loftslag í Skotlandi er <a href="/wiki/Tempra%C3%B0_belti" title="Temprað belti">temprað</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Athafsloftslag" title="Úthafsloftslag">úthafsloftslag</a> og getur verið mjög breytilegt. <a href="/wiki/Golfstraumurinn" title="Golfstraumurinn">Golfstraumurinn</a> ber hlýjan sjó að ströndum landsins og gerir að verkum að vetur eru mun mildari og sumrin svalari og rakari en annars staðar á sömu breiddargráðu. Hiti er almennt lægri en annars staðar á Bretlandseyjum. Í Skotlandi hefur mælst minnstur hiti í Bretlandi, -27,2°C í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braemar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braemar (síða er ekki enn til)">Braemar</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grampian-fj%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grampian-fjöll (síða er ekki enn til)">Grampian-fjöllum</a> 11. febrúar 1895. Hæsti hiti sem mælst hefur var 32,9°C í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greycrook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greycrook (síða er ekki enn til)">Greycrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>, 9. ágúst 2003. Að jafnaði er hlýrra á vesturströnd Skotlands en austurströndinni vegna sjávarstrauma í Atlantshafi og lægri sjávarhita í Norðursjó. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiree (síða er ekki enn til)">Tiree</a> í Innri Suðureyjum er einn af sólríkustu stöðum landsins með meira en 300 sólarstundir í maí 1975. Úrkoma er mjög breytileg eftir stöðum. Mest úrkoma er í vesturhluta Hálandanna þar sem hún fer á nokkrum stöðum yfir 3.000 mm. Til samanburðar þá er úrkoma á mestum hluta Láglandanna um 800 mm. Snjókoma er ekki algeng í Láglöndunum en verður algengari eftir því sem hærra er farið. Í Braemar eru að meðaltali 59 dagar á ári með snjókomu en annars staðar eru snjódagar færri en tíu. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Náttúra_og_dýralíf">Náttúra og dýralíf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Breyti hluta: Náttúra og dýralíf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Náttúra og dýralíf">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Lepus_timidus_01-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lepus_timidus_01-cropped.jpg/220px-Lepus_timidus_01-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Lepus_timidus_01-cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption>Fjallahéri (Lepus timidus)</figcaption></figure> Dýralíf í Skotlandi er að mörgu leyti dæmigert fyrir Vestur-Evrópu, þótt mörgum stærri spendýrum, eins og <a href="/wiki/Gaupa" title="Gaupa">gaupum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BAnbj%C3%B6rn" title="Brúnbjörn">skógarbjörnum</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Alfur" title="Úlfur">úlfum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elgur" title="Elgur">elgum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rostungur" title="Rostungur">rostungum</a>, hafi verið útrýmt á sögulegum tíma. Þar er mikið um <a href="/wiki/Selur" class="mw-redirect" title="Selur">seli</a> og mikilvæg varpsvæði sjófugla eins og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAla_(fugl)" title="Súla (fugl)">súlu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gull%C3%B6rn" title="Gullörn">Gullörn</a> er eins konar þjóðartákn. Til fjalla lifa tegundir sem fara í vetrarbúning eins og <a href="/wiki/Rj%C3%BApa" title="Rjúpa">rjúpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6h%C3%A9ri" title="Snæhéri">snæhéri</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hreysik%C3%B6ttur" title="Hreysiköttur">hreysiköttur</a>. Enn má finna leifar af fornum <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B3garfura" title="Skógarfura">furuskógum</a> Skotlands þar sem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotanefur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotanefur (síða er ekki enn til)">skotanefur</a> heldur sig, en hann er eina dýrategundin sem eingöngu finnst á Bretlandseyjum. Þar er einnig að finna <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ei%C3%B0ur" title="Þiður">þiður</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villik%C3%B6ttur" title="Villiköttur">villiketti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rau%C3%B0%C3%ADkorni" title="Rauðíkorni">rauðíkorna</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B3garm%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" title="Skógarmörður">skógarmörð</a>. Á síðari árum hefur dýrum sem áður lifðu í Skotlandi verið komið þar fyrir á ný. Þeirra á meðal eru <a href="/wiki/Haf%C3%B6rn" title="Haförn">haförn</a> (1975), <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%B6lugle%C3%B0a" title="Svölugleða">svölugleða</a> (9. áratugurinn) og á allra síðustu árum <a href="/wiki/Evras%C3%ADskur_bj%C3%B3r" title="Evrasískur bjór">evrasískur bjór</a> og <a href="/wiki/Villisv%C3%ADn" title="Villisvín">villisvín</a>. Mest af því sem eftir er af hinum forna <a href="/wiki/Kaled%C3%B3n%C3%ADusk%C3%B3gur" title="Kaledóníuskógur">Kaledóníuskógi</a> er í <a href="/wiki/Cairngorms-%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0gar%C3%B0urinn" title="Cairngorms-þjóðgarðurinn">Cairngorms-þjóðgarðinum</a> en leifar skógarins er að finna á 84 stöðum í Skotlandi. Á vesturströndinni er að finna leifar af fornum keltneskum regnskógi, aðallega á Taynish-skaga í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argyll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argyll (síða er ekki enn til)">Argyll</a>. Í Skotlandi eru bæði <a href="/wiki/Sumargr%C3%A6n_jurt" title="Sumargræn jurt">sumargrænir</a> laufskógar og <a href="/wiki/Barrtr%C3%A9" title="Barrtré">barrskógar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynghei%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyngheiði (síða er ekki enn til)">lyngheiðar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%B0m%C3%BDri" title="Freðmýri">freðmýrar</a>. Umfangsmikil ræktun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nytjask%C3%B3gur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nytjaskógur (síða er ekki enn til)">nytjaskóga</a> og notkun lyngheiða sem <a href="/wiki/Beitiland" title="Beitiland">beitilands</a> hefur haft mikil áhrif á dreifingu innlendra jurta. Hæsta tré Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3r%C3%BEinur" title="Stórþinur">stórþinur</a> (Abies grandis) sem var plantað við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loch_Fyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loch Fyne (síða er ekki enn til)">Loch Fyne</a> á 8. áratug 19. aldar. <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Dvi%C3%B0ur" title="Ýviður">Fortingallýviðurinn</a> er hugsanlega 5.000 ára gamall og líklega elsta lífvera í Evrópu. Í Skotlandi vex mikill fjöldi <a href="/wiki/Mosar" title="Mosar">mosategunda</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stjórnmál">Stjórnmál</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Breyti hluta: Stjórnmál" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Stjórnmál">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:The_Scottish_Parliament_(20930969514).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg/250px-The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg/375px-The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg/500px-The_Scottish_Parliament_%2820930969514%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">Skoska þingið</a> í Holyrood í Edinborg</figcaption></figure> Skotland hefur takmarkað <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%A1lfstj%C3%B3rn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjálfstjórn (síða er ekki enn til)">sjálfstjórnarvald</a> innan konungdæmisins Bretlands. Auk sjálfstjórnar eiga Skotar fulltrúa í <a href="/wiki/Breska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Breska þingið">breska þinginu</a> í <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>. <a href="/wiki/Framkv%C3%A6mdavald" class="mw-redirect" title="Framkvæmdavald">Framkvæmdavald</a> og <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafarvald" title="Löggjafarvald">löggjafarvald</a> hefur verið á vegum skoskrar ríkisstjórnar og <a href="/wiki/Skoska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Skoska þingið">skoska þingsins</a> í <a href="/wiki/Holyrood" title="Holyrood">Holyrood</a> í Edinborg frá 1999. Breska þingið áskilur sér vald yfir sviðum tilgreindum í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsl%C3%B6gin_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandslögin 1998 (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandslögunum 1998</a>, meðal annars vald yfir skattlagningu og innheimtu, félagslegri aðstoð, varnarmálum, utanríkismálum og <a href="/wiki/Breska_r%C3%ADkis%C3%BAtvarpi%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Breska ríkisútvarpið">ríkisútvarpinu</a>. Skoska þingið hefur löggjafarvald yfir öllum öðrum sviðum sem tengjast Skotlandi. Í upphafi hafði skoska þingið takmarkað vald til að breyta skattakerfinu en skattavald þess var útvíkkað töluvert í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsl%C3%B6gin_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandslögin 2012 (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandslögunum 2012</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsl%C3%B6gin_2016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandslögin 2016 (síða er ekki enn til)">2016</a>. Skoska þinginu er heimilt að skila löggjafarvaldi yfir málum á vegum þess til breska þingsins ef alríkislög eru talin hentugri fyrir tiltekið mál. Mismunandi áherslur skoska þingsins og breska þingsins hafa gert það að verkum að munur er á þeirri <a href="/wiki/Opinber_%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta" title="Opinber þjónusta">opinberri þjónustu</a> sem í boði er í Skotlandi miðað við annars staðar á Bretlandi. Til dæmis eru engin <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1msgj%C3%B6ld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Námsgjöld (síða er ekki enn til)">námsgjöld</a> í Skotlandi og elliaðstoð er gjaldfrjáls þar sem afnot slíkrar þjónustu eru gjaldskyld í Englandi. Skotland var fyrsta landið innan konungdæmisins Bretlands sem bannaði <a href="/wiki/Reykingar" class="mw-redirect" title="Reykingar">reykingar</a> innandyra. Skoska þingið er í einni deild en á því sitja 129 þingmenn (e. members of Scottish parliament eða MSP). Af þeim eru 73 beinir fulltrúar einstakra kjördæma en hinir 56 eru kosnir á átta svæðum um landið til að gera forsvarið jafnara. Skoskir þingmenn eru kosnir á fjögurra ára fresti. Einn þeirra er kosinn í embætti <a href="/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0sti_r%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_Skotlands" title="Æðsti ráðherra Skotlands">æðsta ráðherra</a>. Á ensku er æðsti ráðherra Skotlands kallaður first minister í andstæðu við forsætisráðherra Bretlands sem er kallaður prime minister. Æðsti ráðherra Skotlands skipar ráðherra í embætti en saman mynda þeir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_r%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3rnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska ríkisstjórnin (síða er ekki enn til)">skosku ríkisstjórnina</a>. Auk þess er <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A6st%C3%A6%C3%B0sti_r%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Næstæðsti ráðherra Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">næstæðsti ráðherra</a> sem gegnir embætti æðsta ráðherrans þegar hann er erlendis. Næstæðsti ráðherra hefur einnig stöðu ráðherra. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stj%C3%B3rnar%C3%A1%C3%B0_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stjórnaráð Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Stjórnarráðið</a> samanstendur af níu ráðherrum en utan þess sitja tólf ráðherrar til viðbótar. Ráðherrar utan stjórnarráðs fara því ekki á stjórnarráðsfundi. Árið 2014 var haldin <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0sla_um_sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0i_Skotlands_2014" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla um sjálfstæði Skotlands 2014">þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla</a> um <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0i_Skotlands" title="Sjálfstæði Skotlands">sjálfstæði Skotlands</a>. 55,3% Skotar höfnuðu sambandssliti og því var tillagan um sjálfstæði felld. Tveimur árum seinna var þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla haldin um <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atganga_Breta_%C3%BAr_Evr%C3%B3pusambandinu" title="Útganga Breta úr Evrópusambandinu">aðild Bretlands að Evrópusambandinu</a>. Í þeirri atkvæðagreiðslu kusu 62% Skota að vera áfram í ESB – í engu kjördæmi í Skotlandi var meirihluti fyrir úrsögnina. Í kjölfar þess kvaðst <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon" title="Nicola Sturgeon">Nicola Sturgeon</a>, þáverandi æðsti ráðherra Skotlands, ætla að boðast til annarrar þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu um sjálfstæði Skotlands en dagsetning hennar hefur ekki verið ákveðin að svo stöddu. Í kosningunum 2016 vann <a href="/wiki/Skoski_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0arflokkurinn" title="Skoski þjóðarflokkurinn">Skoski þjóðarflokkurinn</a> (SNP) 63 af 129 mögulegum sætum á þinginu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Swinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Swinney (síða er ekki enn til)">John Swinney</a> formaður flokksins hefur verið æðsti ráðherra Skotlands frá mars 2024. <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dhaldsflokkurinn_(Bretland)" title="Íhaldsflokkurinn (Bretland)">Íhaldsflokkurinn</a> er stærsti stjórnarandstöðuflokkurinn en <a href="/wiki/Verkamannaflokkurinn_(Bretland)" title="Verkamannaflokkurinn (Bretland)">Verkamannaflokkurinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1lslyndir_dem%C3%B3kratar" title="Frjálslyndir demókratar">Frjálslyndir demókratar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%A6ni_flokkurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Græni flokkurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Græni flokkurinn</a> hafa einnig umboð á þinginu. Næstu kosningar í Skotlandi verða ekki síðar en 2026. 59 þingmenn sitja í breska þinginu fyrir hönd Skotlands. Í kosningunum 2017 vann Skoski þjóðarflokkurinn 35 af 59 sætum. Næstu kosningar verða árið 2022. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsr%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandsráðuneytið (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandsráðuneytið</a> fer með umboð bresku ríkisstjórnarinnar í Skotlandi. Stjórnandi Skotlandsráðuneytisins er <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A1%C3%B0herrann_fyrir_Skotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ráðherrann fyrir Skotland (síða er ekki enn til)">ráðherrann fyrir Skotland</a> en hann situr í stjónarráði bresku ríkisstjórnarinnar. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sveitarfélög">Sveitarfélög</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Breyti hluta: Sveitarfélög" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Sveitarfélög">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png/220px-Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png/330px-Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png/440px-Scotland_Administrative_Map_2009.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption>Kort sem sýnir sveitarfélög.</figcaption></figure> Skotlandi er skipt á ýmsa vegu í ýmsu samhengi, í kjördæmi, heilsugæsluumdæmi, héraðsdómsumdæmi og svo framvegis. Frá 1. apríl 1996 hefur eina staðbundna stjórnsýslustigið verið 32 sveitarfélög eða sveitarstjórnarsvæði (council areas).<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Stjórnir þeirra bera ábyrgð á allri þjónustu í héraði. Sveitarstjórnarfulltrúar er kosnir til fimm ára í senn. Oftast er forseti sveitarstjórnar titlaður <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Provost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord Provost (síða er ekki enn til)">Lord Provost</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> en framkvæmdastjóri er skipaður yfir hvert sveitarstjórnarsvæði.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Samfélagsráð eru óformleg samtök sem eru mynduð fyrir minni svæði innan sveitarstjórnarsvæðisins.<a href="#cite_note-:9-114">[114]</a> Fyrir kosningar til skoska þingsins er landinu skipt í 73 kjördæmi og átta héruð. Fulltrúar Skotlands á breska þinginu eru kosnir í 59 kjördæmum. Í Skotlandi eru átta formlega skilgreindar borgir:<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a> og <a href="/wiki/Perth_(Skotlandi)" title="Perth (Skotlandi)">Perth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Sveitarfélögin í Skotlandi eru: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1756084">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austur-Ayrshire" title="Austur-Ayrshire">Austur-Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austur-Dunbartonshire" title="Austur-Dunbartonshire">Austur-Dunbartonshire</a> ·</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austur-Lothian" title="Austur-Lothian">Austur-Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austur-Renfrewshire" title="Austur-Renfrewshire">Austur-Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus" title="Angus">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll_og_Bute" title="Argyll og Bute">Argyll og Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire" title="Clackmannanshire">Clackmannanshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_og_Galloway" title="Dumfries og Galloway">Dumfries og Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkirk_(sveitarf%C3%A9lag)" title="Falkirk (sveitarfélag)">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndin_(sveitarf%C3%A9lag)" title="Hálöndin (sveitarfélag)">Hálöndin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjaltlandseyjar" title="Hjaltlandseyjar">Hjaltlandseyjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Lothian" title="Mið-Lothian">Mið-Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Ayrshire" title="Norður-Ayrshire">Norður-Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Lanarkshire" title="Norður-Lanarkshire">Norður-Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkneyjar" title="Orkneyjar">Orkneyjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_og_Kinross" title="Perth og Kinross">Perth og Kinross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire" title="Renfrewshire">Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Ayrshire" title="Suður-Ayrshire">Suður-Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Lanarkshire" title="Suður-Lanarkshire">Suður-Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_(sveitarf%C3%A9lag)" title="Stirling (sveitarfélag)">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestur-Dunbartonshire" title="Vestur-Dunbartonshire">Vestur-Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestur-Lothian" title="Vestur-Lothian">Vestur-Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ytri_Su%C3%B0ureyjar" title="Ytri Suðureyjar">Ytri Suðureyjar</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efnahagslíf">Efnahagslíf</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Breyti hluta: Efnahagslíf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Efnahagslíf">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg/220px-Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg/330px-Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg/440px-Skyline_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a> var 13. stærsta fjármálamiðstöð heims og sú 4. stærsta í Evrópu árið 2020.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></figcaption></figure> Skotland býr við vestrænt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opi%C3%B0_hagkerfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opið hagkerfi (síða er ekki enn til)">opið</a> og <a href="/wiki/Blanda%C3%B0_hagkerfi" title="Blandað hagkerfi">blandað hagkerfi</a> sem er nátengt efnahagskerfinu í Bretlandi. Lengst af hefur skoska hagkerfið einkennst af <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eungai%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur" title="Þungaiðnaður">þungaiðnaði</a> í kringum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skipasm%C3%AD%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skipasmíði (síða er ekki enn til)">skipasmíðastöðvar</a> í Glasgow, kolanámur og <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A1li%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stáliðnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">stáliðnað</a>. Olíuiðnaður byggðist upp í kringum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%A1varol%C3%ADan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norðursjávarolían (síða er ekki enn til)">Norðursjávarolíuna</a> frá 1970, sérstaklega í norðausturhluta landsins. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afi%C3%B0nv%C3%A6%C3%B0ing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afiðnvæðing (síða er ekki enn til)">Afiðnvæðing</a> einkenndi 8. og 9. áratug 20. aldar þegar þungamiðja efnahagslífsins færðist til <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3nusta" title="Þjónusta">þjónustugeirans</a>. Verg landsframleiðsla í Skotlandi, með olíu og gasi sem er unnið innan landhelgi Skotlands, var áætluð 150 milljarðar punda árið 2012.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Árið 2014 var landsframleiðsla á mann með því hæsta sem gerðist í Evrópusambandinu.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Í apríl 2019 var atvinnuleysi í Skotlandi 3,3%, nokkuð undir meðaltalinu í Bretlandi sem var 3,8%. Atvinnuhlutfall í Skotlandi var 75,9%.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Edinborg er fjármálamiðstöð Skotlands og þar starfa mörg stór fjármálafyrirtæki eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyds_Banking_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lloyds Banking Group (síða er ekki enn til)">Lloyds Banking Group</a> (eigendur <a href="/w/index.php?title=HBOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HBOS (síða er ekki enn til)">HBOS</a>), ríkisbankinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Bank_of_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Bank of Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">Royal Bank of Scotland</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Life (síða er ekki enn til)">Standard Life</a>. Árið 2007 var Edinborg í 15. sæti yfir alþjóðlegar fjármálamiðstöðvar, en féll niður í 37. sæti árið 2012 eftir að orðspor skoskra fjármálafyrirtækja beið hnekki,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> og árið 2016 var borgin komin í 56. sæti af 86.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Árið 2020 hafði borgin bætt stöðu sína og var í 17. sæti.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg/220px-NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg/330px-NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg/440px-NS5864_-_The_River_Clyde_in_Glasgow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0lega_fj%C3%A1rm%C3%A1lahverfi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Glasgow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alþjóðlega fjármálahverfið í Glasgow (síða er ekki enn til)">Alþjóðlega fjármálahverfið í Glasgow</a>.</figcaption></figure> Árið 2014 var heildarvirði útflutnings frá Skotlandi (fyrir utan útflutnings til annarra hluta Bretlands) áætlað 27,5 milljarðar punda.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Helstu útflutningsafurðir Skotlands eru <a href="/wiki/Visk%C3%AD" title="Viskí">viskí</a>, rafeindatæki og fjármálaþjónusta.<a href="#cite_note-Trade-125">[125]</a> Helstu markaðir Skotlands eru Bandaríkin, Holland, Þýskaland, Frakkland og Noregur.<a href="#cite_note-Trade-125">[125]</a> Viskí er ein af þekktustu framleiðsluvörum Skotlands. Útflutningur á viskíi jókst um 87% á einum áratug fyrir 2012<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> og var áætlaður að andvirði 4,3 milljarðar punda árið 2013 og 85% af heildarútflutningi matvæla frá landinu.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Viskíframleiðslan skapar um 10.000 störf beint og 25.000 afleidd störf.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Framlög viskísölu til skosks efnahagslífs gætu þó verið aðeins 400-682 milljónir punda, fremur en margir milljarðar, þar sem yfir 80% af viskíframleiðslunni er í eigu erlendra fyrirtækja.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Samkvæmt skýrslu frá skoska þinginu stendur ferðaþjónusta undir 5-7,5% starfa í landinu.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Frá upphafi <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0nbyltingin" title="Iðnbyltingin">iðnbyltingarinnar</a> var Skotland ein af helstu miðstöðvum framleiðsluiðnaðar í heiminum.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Arfur frá þeim tíma er mikil fjölbreytni í framleiðslu á vörum og þjónustu, frá <a href="/wiki/Text%C3%ADll" class="mw-redirect" title="Textíll">textíl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visk%C3%AD" title="Viskí">viskíi</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smj%C3%B6rkaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smjörkaka (síða er ekki enn til)">smjörkökum</a>, að þotuhreyflum, hópbifreiðum, hugbúnaði, skipum, <a href="/wiki/Flugv%C3%A9l" title="Flugvél">flugvélabúnaði</a> og rafeindabúnaði, auk banka- og tryggingaþjónustu, fjárfestingaþjónustu og tengdrar fjármálaþjónustu.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Líkt og önnur þróuð iðnaðarhagkerfi hefur mikilvægi bæði framleiðsluiðnaðar og frumframleiðslugreina farið minnkandi, meðan þjónustugeirinn hefur vaxið og er nú stærsti atvinnugeiri landsins.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flutningar">Flutningar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Breyti hluta: Flutningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Flutningar">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_Airport_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>Edinborgarflugvöllur er helsti alþjóðaflugvöllur Skotlands.</figcaption></figure> Fimm alþjóðaflugvellir eru í Skotlandi, í <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prestwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prestwick (síða er ekki enn til)">Prestwick</a> og <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> og þaðan er flogið til yfir 150 áfangastaða víða um heim. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinborgarflugv%C3%B6llur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinborgarflugvöllur (síða er ekki enn til)">Edinborgarflugvöllur</a> er rekinn af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Infrastructure_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Infrastructure Partners (síða er ekki enn til)">Global Infrastructure Partners</a> og <a href="/wiki/Glasgowflugv%C3%B6llur" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgowflugvöllur">Glasgowflugvöllur</a> af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heathrow_Airport_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heathrow Airport Holdings (síða er ekki enn til)">Heathrow Airport Holdings</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Highland_and_Islands_Airports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highland and Islands Airports (síða er ekki enn til)">Highland and Islands Airports</a> rekur 11 flugvelli á smærri stöðum, þar á meðal alþjóðaflugvöllinn í Inverness. Vegagerð Skotlands, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">Transport Scotland</a>, rekur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofnbraut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stofnbraut (síða er ekki enn til)">stofnbrautir</a> í Skotlandi en sveitarfélög reka afganginn af vegakerfinu. Stærstu vegirnir eru í miðbeltinu milli Glasgow og Edinborgar. Þjóðvegurinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=A1_(Bretlandi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A1 (Bretlandi) (síða er ekki enn til)">A1</a> liggur milli <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> og Edinborgar 660 km leið. <a href="/wiki/Breska_hj%C3%B3labrautaneti%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Breska hjólabrautanetið">Breska hjólabrautanetið</a> nær yfir Skotland. Leið 1 nær frá <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> til Hjaltlandseyja um Edinborg og er hluti af <a href="/wiki/EV12_Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%A1varlei%C3%B0in" title="EV12 Norðursjávarleiðin">EV12 Norðursjávarleiðinni</a> sem liggur um Noreg, Svíþjóð, Danmörku, Þýskaland, Holland og Belgíu, auk Bretlands. Leið 7 liggur frá <a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a> eftir <a href="/w/index.php?title=C2C-lei%C3%B0in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C2C-leiðin (síða er ekki enn til)">C2C-leiðinni</a> um Glasgow og síðan áfram til Inverness. Helstu járnbrautir sem liggja til Skotlands eru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesturstrandarl%C3%ADnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesturstrandarlínan (síða er ekki enn til)">Vesturstrandarlínan</a> til Glasgow og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austurstrandarl%C3%ADnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austurstrandarlínan (síða er ekki enn til)">Austurstrandarlínan</a> til Edinborgar. Járnbrautir í Skotlandi eru í eigu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_Rail_Infrastructure_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network Rail Infrastructure Limited (síða er ekki enn til)">Network Rail Infrastructure Limited</a>. Um 340 lestarstöðvar og 3.000 km af járnbrautum eru í Skotlandi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ScotRail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScotRail (síða er ekki enn til)">ScotRail</a> rekur lestarþjónustu innan Skotlands. Ferjur ganga milli meginlandsins og eyjanna og til áfangastaða erlendis. Ferjufyrirtækið <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_MacBrayne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caledonian MacBrayne (síða er ekki enn til)">Caledonian MacBrayne</a> rekur ferjur við vesturströndina. Fyrir utan flutningahafnir og skipasmíðastöðvar í kringum Glasgow eru helstu hafnir í Skotlandi á austurströndinni við <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%B3r" title="Norðursjór">Norðursjó</a>. Á vesturströndinni eru margar ferju- og smábátahafnir. Helstu hafnarborgir í Skotlandi eru Glasgow, Aberdeen og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leith (síða er ekki enn til)">Leith</a> (við Edinborg). Aberdeen var helsta höfn <a href="/wiki/Togari" title="Togari">togaraútgerðarinnar</a> í Norðursjó á fyrri hluta 20. aldar og er enn mikilvæg vegna <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ursj%C3%A1varol%C3%ADa" title="Norðursjávarolía">Norðursjávarolíunnar</a>. Aðrar mikilvægar hafnir eru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invernessh%C3%B6fn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invernesshöfn (síða er ekki enn til)">Invernesshöfn</a>, fiskihöfnin í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peterhead (síða er ekki enn til)">Peterhead</a> og höfnin í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grangemouth (síða er ekki enn til)">Grangemouth</a> þar sem er stór <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%ADuhreinsist%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Olíuhreinsistöð">olíuhreinsistöð</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Íbúar">Íbúar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Breyti hluta: Íbúar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Íbúar">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Scotland_population_cartogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Scotland_population_cartogram.svg/220px-Scotland_population_cartogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Scotland_population_cartogram.svg/330px-Scotland_population_cartogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Scotland_population_cartogram.svg/440px-Scotland_population_cartogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption>Kort sem sýnir stærð sveitarfélaga eftir íbúafjölda.</figcaption></figure> Samkvæmt manntali árið 2001 var íbúafjöldi Skotlands rétt rúmlega 5 milljónir. Í manntalinu árið 2011 hafði hann vaxið í tæplega 5,3 milljónir og hafði aldrei verið meiri.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-134">[134]</a> Um mitt ár 2019 var fólksfjöldinn áætlaður tæplega 5,5 milljónir.<a href="#cite_note-ONS-pop-ests-June2018-135">[135]</a> Í manntalinu árið 2011 sögðust 62% íbúa Skotlands telja sig vera eingöngu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotar (síða er ekki enn til)">Skota</a>, 18% Skota og Breta, 8% aðeins Breta og 4% aðeins eitthvað annað.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Helstu ástæður fyrir fólksfjölgun í Skotlandi eru að fæðingar eru fleiri en andlát, og innflytjendur flytjast til Skotlands frá öðrum löndum. Árið 2011 fluttu 43.700 manns til Skotlands frá Wales, Norður-Írlandi og Englandi.<a href="#cite_note-thecourier1-137">[137]</a> Saga Skotlands einkenndist lengi af brottflutningi og aðflutningi fólks. Árið 2021 gaf ríkisstjórn Skotlands út að 41.000 hefðu flust til Skotlands meðan 22.100 hefðu flust þaðan.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Tölur sýndu að aðflutningur jókst hratt, meðan brottflutningur dróst saman.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edinborg" title="Edinborg">Edinborg</a> er höfuðborg Skotlands, en stærsta borgin er Glasgow, með rétt tæplega 600.000 íbúa. Á <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B3r-Glasgow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stór-Glasgow (síða er ekki enn til)">Stór-Glasgow-svæðinu</a> búa nær 1,2 milljónir, eða um fjórðungur íbúa Skotlands.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Flestir helstu bæir og borgir landsins eru í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C3%B0belti%C3%B0_(Skotlandi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miðbeltið (Skotlandi) (síða er ekki enn til)">Miðbeltinu</a>, þar á meðal Glasgow, Edinborg, Dundee og Perth. Eina stóra borg Skotlands fyrir utan þetta svæði er Aberdeen. Um 80% íbúa landsins búa í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosku_l%C3%A1gl%C3%B6ndin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosku láglöndin (síða er ekki enn til)">Skosku láglöndunum</a>, en 3,5 milljónir búa í Miðbeltinu. Af eyjum Skotlands eru aðeins þær stærstu og aðgengilegustu sem eru byggðar. Innan við 90 eyjar eru byggðar. Syðri upplöndin eru landbúnaðar- og skógræktarhérað.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Vegna húsnæðisskorts í Glasgow og Edinborg voru fimm nýir bæir stofnaðir milli 1947 og 1966: <a href="/wiki/East_Kilbride" title="East Kilbride">East Kilbride</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenrothes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenrothes (síða er ekki enn til)">Glenrothes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbernauld" title="Cumbernauld">Cumbernauld</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livingston_(West_Lothian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livingston (West Lothian) (síða er ekki enn til)">Livingston</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irvine_(North_Ayrshire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irvine (North Ayrshire) (síða er ekki enn til)">Irvine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trúarbrögð">Trúarbrögð</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Breyti hluta: Trúarbrögð" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Trúarbrögð">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> Um 20% segjast tilheyra Skosku kirkjunni (Church of Scotland) en 34% eru skráðir þar (2011), kaþólskir eru 15% og þeir sem tilheyra öðrum kristnum söfnuðum 11%. Múslimar eru 1,4%<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Um 52% segjast ekki vera trúaðir (2016).<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Menning">Menning</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Breyti hluta: Menning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Menning">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg/220px-Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg/330px-Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg/440px-Golowan_Festival_Penzance_June_2005_Mid-Argyl_band2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Skoskir sekkjapípuleikarar.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg/220px-Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg/330px-Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg/440px-Bringing_in_the_haggis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Haggis borið inn á Burns Night í Dundee.</figcaption></figure> Skosk menning byggist á sérstakri sjálfsmynd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotar (síða er ekki enn til)">Skota</a> sem aftur byggist á landslagi, sögu, hefðum, trú og tungumálum, sem einkenna skoskt samfélag. Helstu táknmyndir skoskrar menningar eru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekkjap%C3%ADpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekkjapípa (síða er ekki enn til)">sekkjapípan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skotapils" title="Skotapils">skotapilsið</a>, tungumálin <a href="/wiki/Skoska" title="Skoska">skoska</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%ADska" class="mw-disambig" title="Gelíska">gelíska</a>, hefðir <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lendatr%C3%BA" title="Mótmælendatrú">mótmælendakirkjunnar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skosk_l%C3%B6g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skosk lög (síða er ekki enn til)">skosk lög</a> sem eru enn aðgreind frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensk_l%C3%B6g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensk lög (síða er ekki enn til)">enskum lögum</a> í stjórnkerfi Skotlands.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Verndardýrlingur Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_postuli" title="Andrés postuli">Andrés postuli</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9sarmessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrésarmessa (síða er ekki enn til)">Andrésarmessa</a> 30. nóvember er þjóðhátíðardagur Skota. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_Skotlands" title="Fáni Skotlands">Fáni Skotlands</a> er hvítur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9sarkross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrésarkross (síða er ekki enn til)">Andrésarkross</a> á bláum feldi. Þjóðarblóm Skotlands er <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eistill" title="Þistill">þistill</a> og lagið <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flower_of_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flower of Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">Flower of Scotland</a> hefur verið óopinber þjóðsöngur landsins frá miðjum 7. áratug 20. aldar.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> er þjóðskáld Skota og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burns_Night&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burns Night (síða er ekki enn til)">Burns Night</a> er hátíð sem er haldin í kringum fæðingardag skáldsins 20. janúar. Þá er hefð fyrir því að borða <a href="/wiki/Haggis" title="Haggis">haggis</a> með kartöflustöppu og rófustöppu. Skotar hafa sérstakar hefðir í kringum gamlárskvöld (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hogmanay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hogmanay (síða er ekki enn til)">Hogmanay</a>)<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hrekkjavaka" title="Hrekkjavaka">hrekkjavöku</a>. Á Hjaltlandseyjum er haldin árleg þrettándahátíð, <a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a>, þar sem þátttakendur klæðast eins og <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADkingar" title="Víkingar">víkingar</a>. Skotland er þekkt sem fæðingarstaður mikils fjölda vísindamanna, heimspekinga og listafólks. Meðal þekktra skoskra vísindamanna eru <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> og <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skoska_uppl%C3%BDsingin" title="Skoska upplýsingin">Skoska upplýsingin</a> var tímabil á 18. og 19. öld þar sem skoskir hugsuðir eins og <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> og <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> lögðu mikið til sögu heimspeki, stjórnmála og hagfræði. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Rankin" title="Ian Rankin">Ian Rankin</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irvine_Welsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irvine Welsh (síða er ekki enn til)">Irvine Welsh</a> eru þekktir skoskir rithöfundar; og þaðan hafa komið margar þekktar hljómsveitir á 20. öld, eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_Minds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple Minds (síða er ekki enn til)">Simple Minds</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runrig (síða er ekki enn til)">Runrig</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belle_and_Sebastian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belle and Sebastian (síða er ekki enn til)">Belle and Sebastian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_(hlj%C3%B3msveit)" title="Franz Ferdinand (hljómsveit)">Franz Ferdinand</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocteau_Twins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocteau Twins (síða er ekki enn til)">Cocteau Twins</a>, og söngvararnir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Lennox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Lennox (síða er ekki enn til)">Annie Lennox</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Capaldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Capaldi (síða er ekki enn til)">Lewis Capaldi</a>. Heimsþekktir skoskir leikarar eru meðal annars <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilda_Swinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilda Swinton (síða er ekki enn til)">Tilda Swinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robbie_Coltrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robbie Coltrane (síða er ekki enn til)">Robbie Coltrane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Carlyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Carlyle (síða er ekki enn til)">Robert Carlyle</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Tennant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Tennant (síða er ekki enn til)">David Tennant</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC Scotland (síða er ekki enn til)">BBC Scotland</a> rekur þrjár sjónvarpsstöðvar í Skotlandi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=STV_(sj%C3%B3nvarpsst%C3%B6%C3%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STV (sjónvarpsstöð) (síða er ekki enn til)">STV</a> er almenningssjónvarp sem sendir út í Skotlandi. Í Skotlandi eru fjöldi framleiðslufyrirtækja sem standa að framleiðslu kvikmynda og sjónvarpsþátta. Þekktar kvikmyndir sem voru framleiddar eða teknar í Skotlandi eru meðal annars <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1lendingurinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálendingurinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálendingurinn</a> (1986), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braveheart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braveheart (síða er ekki enn til)">Braveheart</a> (1995) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trainspotting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trainspotting (síða er ekki enn til)">Trainspotting</a> (1996). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Listasafn_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listasafn Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Listasafn Skotlands</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsb%C3%B3kasafn_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsbókasafn Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Landsbókasafn Skotlands</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0minjasafn_Skotlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þjóðminjasafn Skotlands (síða er ekki enn til)">Þjóðminjasafn Skotlands</a> eru í Edinborg, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvingrove-safni%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelvingrove-safnið (síða er ekki enn til)">Kelvingrove-safnið</a> er í Glasgow. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Íþróttir">Íþróttir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Breyti hluta: Íþróttir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Íþróttir">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Caber_Toss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Caber_Toss.jpg/220px-Caber_Toss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Caber_Toss.jpg/330px-Caber_Toss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Caber_Toss.jpg/440px-Caber_Toss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Staurakast er sérskosk keppnisgrein á Hálandaleikunum.</figcaption></figure> Þær íþróttir sem Skotar eru þekktastir fyrir eru <a href="/wiki/Knattspyrna" title="Knattspyrna">knattspyrna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ru%C3%B0ningur" title="Ruðningur">ruðningur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>. Skotland sendir eigin landslið til keppni í mörgum íþróttagreinum, þar á meðal <a href="/wiki/Heimsmeistarakeppnin_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimsmeistarakeppnin í knattspyrnu">heimsmeistarakeppnina í knattspyrnu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heimsbikarm%C3%B3ti%C3%B0_%C3%AD_ru%C3%B0ningi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heimsbikarmótið í ruðningi (síða er ekki enn til)">heimsbikarmótið í ruðningi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heimsbikarm%C3%B3ti%C3%B0_%C3%AD_krikket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heimsbikarmótið í krikket (síða er ekki enn til)">heimsbikarmótið í krikket</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samveldisleikarnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samveldisleikarnir (síða er ekki enn til)">Samveldisleikana</a>. Skotland er líka með eigin íþróttasambönd eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_knattspyrnusambandi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska knattspyrnusambandið (síða er ekki enn til)">Skoska knattspyrnusambandið</a>, sem er annað elsta knattspyrnusamband heims, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skoska_ru%C3%B0ningssambandi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoska ruðningssambandið (síða er ekki enn til)">Skoska ruðningssambandið</a>. Elstu heimildir um einhvers konar knattspyrnu í Skotlandi eru frá 1424 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotlandsbikarinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotlandsbikarinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Skotlandsbikarinn</a> í knattspyrnu frá 1873 er elstu landsbikarverðlaun heims. Fyrsti alþjóðlegi knattspyrnuleikur Skota fór fram árið 1872 þegar þeir kepptu við Englendinga. <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic F.C.</a> vann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evr%C3%B3pumeistarabikarinn_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evrópumeistarabikarinn í knattspyrnu (síða er ekki enn til)">Evrópumeistarabikarinn í knattspyrnu</a> árið 1967 og <a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers F.C.</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberdeen_F.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberdeen F.C. (síða er ekki enn til)">Aberdeen F.C.</a> sigruðu í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pukeppni_bikarhafa" title="Evrópukeppni bikarhafa">Evrópukeppni bikarhafa</a> árin 1972 og 1983. Aberdeen vann auk þess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ofurbikar_Evr%C3%B3pu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ofurbikar Evrópu (síða er ekki enn til)">Ofurbikar Evrópu</a> árið 1983. <a href="/wiki/Dundee_United" title="Dundee United">Dundee United</a> lék til úrslita í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pukeppni_f%C3%A9lagsli%C3%B0a_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu" title="Evrópukeppni félagsliða í knattspyrnu">Evrópukeppni félagsliða í knattspyrnu</a> árið 1987 en tapaði fyrir <a href="/wiki/IFK_G%C3%B6teborg" title="IFK Göteborg">Gautaborg</a>. Íþróttin <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> er upprunnin í Skotlandi á 15. öld. Einn af elstu golfvöllum heims er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Course (síða er ekki enn til)">Old Course</a> í háskólabænum <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Andrews (síða er ekki enn til)">St. Andrews</a> sem var opnaður árið <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>. Árið <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a> var hinn staðlaði 18-holu golfvöllur búinn til í St. Andrews þegar eldri golfvöllur var styttur um 4 holur. Elsta golfmót heims er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opna_breska_meistaram%C3%B3ti%C3%B0_%C3%AD_golfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opna breska meistaramótið í golfi (síða er ekki enn til)">Opna breska meistaramótið í golfi</a> sem var fyrst leikið við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prestwick_Golf_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prestwick Golf Club (síða er ekki enn til)">Prestwick Golf Club</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayrshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayrshire (síða er ekki enn til)">Ayrshire</a> árið <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>. Skoskir golfleikarar unnu mótið allt til <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> þegar enski golfleikarinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ball (síða er ekki enn til)">John Ball</a> sigraði. <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1landaleikarnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hálandaleikarnir (síða er ekki enn til)">Hálandaleikarnir</a> eru þekkt skosk íþróttakeppni sem hófst seint á <a href="/wiki/19._%C3%B6ldin" title="19. öldin">19. öld</a> en byggir á hefðum frá <a href="/wiki/Skosku_h%C3%A1l%C3%B6ndin" title="Skosku hálöndin">Skosku hálöndunum</a>. Skotar hafa 13 sinnum átt heimsmeistara í <a href="/wiki/Hnefaleikar" title="Hnefaleikar">hnefaleikum</a>, þar á meðal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Buchanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Buchanan (síða er ekki enn til)">Ken Buchanan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benny_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benny Lynch (síða er ekki enn til)">Benny Lynch</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Watt (síða er ekki enn til)">Jim Watt</a>. Skotar hafa líka náð miklum árangri í <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3torsport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mótorsport (síða er ekki enn til)">mótorsporti</a>. Þekktasti ökuþór Skota síðustu ár er <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Coulthard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Coulthard (síða er ekki enn til)">David Coulthard</a> sem keppti í <a href="/wiki/Form%C3%BAla_1" title="Formúla 1">Formúlu 1-kappakstri</a> frá 1994 til 2008. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir">Tilvísanir</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744314">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1873994">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGwynn" class="citation book cs1">Gwynn, Stephen (júlí 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2RlF7sq48n4C&pg=PA16">The History Of Ireland</a>. bls. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9781113155177" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9781113155177"><bdi>9781113155177</bdi></a>. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+Of+Ireland&rft.pages=16&rft.isbn=9781113155177&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2RlF7sq48n4C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Lemke, Andreas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univerlag.uni-goettingen.de/bitstream/handle/3/isbn-978-3-86395-189-4/GSEP8_lemke.pdf?sequence=1">The Old English Translation of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum in its Historical and Cultural Context</a>, Chapter II: The OEHE: The Material Evidence; page 71 (Universitätsdrucke Göttingen, 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-Keay-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Keay_3-0">↑</a> Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> Murray, W.H. (1973) The Islands of Western Scotland. London. Eyre Methuen <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-413-30380-6" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-413-30380-6">ISBN 978-0-413-30380-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> Murray, W.H. (1968) The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland. London. Collins. <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/0-00-211135-7" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/0-00-211135-7">ISBN 0-00-211135-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085553/http://www.reformation.org/scotia.html">„Scotia, my Scotia, or bringing back the real Scotland!!“</a>. Reformation.org. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reformation.org/scotia.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 24. september 2015. Sótt 16. febrúar 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotia%2C+my+Scotia%2C+or+bringing+back+the+real+Scotland%21%21&rft.pub=Reformation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformation.org%2Fscotia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> Benedict's Fitzpatrick's Ireland and the Foundations of Europe, pp. 376-379 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lennon-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_8-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFLennon" class="citation book cs1">Lennon, Joseph (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nnbRKOsmyJIC&q=scota&pg=PR9">Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History</a> (enska). Syracuse University Press. bls. 11–12, 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780815631644" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780815631644"><bdi>9780815631644</bdi></a>. Sótt 14. júní 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Orientalism%3A+A+Literary+and+Intellectual+History&rft.pages=11-12%2C+36&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780815631644&rft.aulast=Lennon&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnnbRKOsmyJIC%26q%3Dscota%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohogain-9"><a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_9-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_hÓgáin1991" class="citation book cs1">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí (1991). Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition. Prentice Hall Press. bls. 296–297.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth%2C+Legend+%26+Romance%3A+An+encyclopaedia+of+the+Irish+folk+tradition&rft.pages=296-297&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+Press&rft.aulast=%C3%93+h%C3%93g%C3%A1in&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> C. Oman, A History of England before the Norman Conquest, London, 1910, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/englandbeforeno00oman#page/n7/mode/2up">157</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Sir Charles Oman: A History of England before the Norman Conquest </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> MacCoinnich, Aonghas Eachdraidh na h-Alba (Glasgow 1867) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> P. Freeman, Ireland and the Classical World, Austin, 2001, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSHhfOM-5AEC&pg=PA93">93</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> L.O. Lagerqvist – N. Åberg, Öknamn och tillnamn på nordiska stormän och kungligheter, Stockholm, 1997, p. 23 (etymology of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epithet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epithet (síða er ekki enn til)">epithets</a> of Nordic kings and magnates). </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Sjá Moffat, Alistair (2005) Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History. London. Thames & Hudson. Page 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-Forsyth-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-0">16,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-1">16,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-2">16,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-3">16,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-4">16,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-5">16,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-6">16,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-7">16,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-8">16,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-9">16,09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-10">16,10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-11">16,11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-12">16,12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-13">16,13</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsyth_16-14">16,14</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFForsyth" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Forsyth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Forsyth (síða er ekki enn til)">Forsyth, Katherine</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotland00jenn">„Origins: Scotland to 1100“</a>. Í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Wormald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Wormald (síða er ekki enn til)">Wormald, Jenny</a> (ritstjóri). Scotland: A History (enska). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199601646" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199601646"><bdi>9780199601646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origins%3A+Scotland+to+1100&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199601646&rft.aulast=Forsyth&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotland00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFPryor2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Pryor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Pryor (síða er ekki enn til)">Pryor, Francis</a> (2003). Britain BC. London: HarperPerennial. bls. 98–104 & 246–250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-00-712693-4" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-00-712693-4"><bdi>978-0-00-712693-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+BC&rft.place=London&rft.pages=98-104+%26+246-250&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.isbn=978-0-00-712693-4&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-short-18">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-0">18,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-1">18,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-2">18,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-3">18,3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFHouston" class="citation book cs1">Houston, Rab (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotlandveryshor0000hous">Scotland: A Very Short Introduction</a> (enska). Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (síða er ekki enn til)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780191578861" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780191578861"><bdi>9780191578861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780191578861&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Rab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotlandveryshor0000hous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-19">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-0">19,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-1">19,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-2">19,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-3">19,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-4">19,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-5">19,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-6">19,6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-7">19,7</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFRichmondMillett2012" class="citation cs2">Richmond, Ian Archibald; Millett, Martin (2012), Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (ritstjórar), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-1258">„Caledonia“</a>, Oxford Classical Dictionary (enska) (4th online. útgáfa), <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199545568" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199545568"><bdi>9780199545568</bdi></a>, sótt 16. nóvember 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Caledonia&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780199545568&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Ian+Archibald&rft.au=Millett%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001%2Facref-9780199545568-e-1258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Hanson, William S. The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes, in Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003). Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC—AD 1000. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-21">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-0">21,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-1">21,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMillett2012" class="citation cs2">Millett, Martin J. (2012), Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (ritstjórar), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-1178">„Britain, Roman“</a>, The Oxford Classical Dictionary (enska) (4th online. útgáfa), Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-19-954556-8" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-19-954556-8"><bdi>978-0-19-954556-8</bdi></a>, sótt 16. nóvember 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Britain%2C+Roman&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954556-8&rft.aulast=Millett&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001%2Facref-9780199545568-e-1178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Robertson, Anne S. (1960). The Antonine Wall. Glasgow Archaeological Society. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFKeys" class="citation news cs1">Keys, David (27. júní 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hand-of-god-ancient-roman-hadrians-wall-sculpture-bronze-found-latest-a8419131.html">„Ancient Roman 'hand of god' discovered near Hadrian's Wall sheds light on biggest combat operation ever in UK“</a>. Independent. Sótt 6. júlí 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ancient+Roman+%27hand+of+god%27+discovered+near+Hadrian%27s+Wall+sheds+light+on+biggest+combat+operation+ever+in+UK&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fhand-of-god-ancient-roman-hadrians-wall-sculpture-bronze-found-latest-a8419131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Wolfe, A. (2012) "Ancient Kindred? Dál Riata and the Cruthin" [Internet] In: www.academia.edu. Available from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/1502702/Ancient_Kindred_Dal_Riata_and_the_Cruthin">https://www.academia.edu/1502702/Ancient_Kindred_Dal_Riata_and_the_Cruthin</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Dauvit (2001). „Kenneth mac Alpin“. Í M. Lynch (ritstjóri). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_u4b7">The Oxford Companion to Scottish History</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (síða er ekki enn til)">Oxford University Press</a>. bls. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_u4b7/page/359">359</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-19-211696-3" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-19-211696-3"><bdi>978-0-19-211696-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kenneth+mac+Alpin&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Scottish+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211696-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Dauvit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont0000unse_u4b7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stringer-26">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-0">26,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-1">26,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-2">26,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-3">26,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-4">26,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_26-5">26,5</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFStringer" class="citation book cs1">Stringer, Keith (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotland00jenn">„The Emergence of a Nation-State, 1100–1300“</a>. Í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Wormald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Wormald (síða er ekki enn til)">Wormald, Jenny</a> (ritstjóri). Scotland: A History (enska). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199601646" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199601646"><bdi>9780199601646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+a+Nation-State%2C+1100%E2%80%931300&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199601646&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotland00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrell_2000-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Barrell_2000_27-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBarrell" class="citation book cs1">Barrell, A. D. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievalscotland0000barr">Medieval Scotland</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-521-58602-3" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-521-58602-3"><bdi>978-0-521-58602-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Scotland&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-58602-3&rft.aulast=Barrell&rft.aufirst=A.+D.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievalscotland0000barr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm">„Scotland Conquered, 1174–1296“</a>. National Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland+Conquered%2C+1174%E2%80%931296&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Futk%2Fscotland%2Fconquered.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/regained.htm">„Scotland Regained, 1297–1328“</a>. National Archives of the United Kingdom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland+Regained%2C+1297%E2%80%931328&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Futk%2Fscotland%2Fregained.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMurison1899" class="citation book cs1">Murison, A. F. (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iMEMc45g9s8C">King Robert the Bruce</a> (reprint 2005. útgáfa). Kessinger Publishing. bls. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-1-4179-1494-4" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-1-4179-1494-4"><bdi>978-1-4179-1494-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Robert+the+Bruce&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=reprint+2005&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-4179-1494-4&rft.aulast=Murison&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiMEMc45g9s8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_31-0">31,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_31-1">31,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_31-2">31,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_31-3">31,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_31-4">31,4</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBrownBoardman" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Michael; Boardman, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotland00jenn">„Survival and Revival: Late Medieval Scotland“</a>. Í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Wormald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Wormald (síða er ekki enn til)">Wormald, Jenny</a> (ritstjóri). Scotland: A History (enska). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199601646" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199601646"><bdi>9780199601646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Revival%3A+Late+Medieval+Scotland&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199601646&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Boardman%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotland00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_32-0">32,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_32-1">32,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMason" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Roger (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotland00jenn">„Renaissance and Reformation: The Sixteenth Century“</a>. Í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Wormald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Wormald (síða er ekki enn til)">Wormald, Jenny</a> (ritstjóri). Scotland: A History (enska). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199601646" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199601646"><bdi>9780199601646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Renaissance+and+Reformation%3A+The+Sixteenth+Century&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199601646&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotland00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/james_iv">„James IV, King of Scots 1488–1513“</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+IV%2C+King+of+Scots+1488%E2%80%931513&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscotland%2Fhistory%2Farticles%2Fjames_iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/210431/Battle-of-Flodden">„Battle of Flodden, (Sept. 9, 1513)“</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Flodden%2C+%28Sept.+9%2C+1513%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F210431%2FBattle-of-Flodden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Merriman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Merriman (síða er ekki enn til)">Marcus Merriman</a>, The Rough Wooings (East Linton: Tuckwell, 2000), p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/religion.htm">„Religion, Marriage and Power in Scotland, 1503–1603“</a>. The National Archives of the United Kingdom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Marriage+and+Power+in+Scotland%2C+1503%E2%80%931603&rft.pub=The+National+Archives+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Futk%2Fscotland%2Freligion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2002" class="citation book cs1">Ross, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross">Chronology of Scottish History</a>. Geddes & Grosset. bls. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross/page/56">56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-1-85534-380-1" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-1-85534-380-1"><bdi>978-1-85534-380-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Scottish+History&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Geddes+%26+Grosset&rft.isbn=978-1-85534-380-1&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronologyofscot0000ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/periods/stuarts/day-21-november-1606-proposed-union-between-england-and-scotland">„On this Day: 21 November 1606: The proposed union between England and Scotland | History of Parliament Online“</a>. www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Sótt 16. nóvember 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historyofparliamentonline.org&rft.atitle=On+this+Day%3A+21+November+1606%3A+The+proposed+union+between+England+and+Scotland+%7C+History+of+Parliament+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fperiods%2Fstuarts%2Fday-21-november-1606-proposed-union-between-england-and-scotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wormald-39">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Wormald_39-0">39,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wormald_39-1">39,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFWormald" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Wormald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Wormald (síða er ekki enn til)">Wormald, Jenny</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotland00jenn">„Confidence and Perplexity: The Seventeenth Century“</a>. Í Wormald, Jenny (ritstjóri). Scotland: A History (enska). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780199601646" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780199601646"><bdi>9780199601646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Confidence+and+Perplexity%3A+The+Seventeenth+Century&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199601646&rft.aulast=Wormald&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotland00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFDevine" class="citation book cs1">Devine, T M (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scottishclearanc0000devi">The Scottish Clearances: A History of the Dispossessed, 1600–1900</a>. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0241304105" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0241304105"><bdi>978-0241304105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Clearances%3A+A+History+of+the+Dispossessed%2C+1600%E2%80%931900&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.isbn=978-0241304105&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=T+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscottishclearanc0000devi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-41">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-0">41,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-1">41,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-2">41,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-3">41,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-4">41,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-5">41,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-6">41,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-7">41,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-8">41,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-9">41,09</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/acts_of_union_01.shtml">„BBC – History – British History in depth: Acts of Union: The creation of the United Kingdom“</a>. www.bbc.co.uk (bresk enska). Sótt 16. nóvember 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+British+History+in+depth%3A+Acts+of+Union%3A+The+creation+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fempire_seapower%2Facts_of_union_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&pg=PA41">Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E</a>". Dennis E. Showalter (2007). Springer. p.41 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFCullen" class="citation book cs1">Cullen, Karen J. (15. febrúar 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6oOCfHxQDtwC&pg=PA152">Famine in Scotland: The 'ill Years' of The 1690s</a>. Edinburgh University Press. bls. 152–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0748638871" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0748638871"><bdi>978-0748638871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famine+in+Scotland%3A+The+%27ill+Years%27+of+The+1690s&rft.pages=152-153&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0748638871&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.aufirst=Karen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6oOCfHxQDtwC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-44">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_44-0">44,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_44-1">44,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003123611/http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa52/Sa52_Scott.pdf">„Why did the Scottish parliament accept the Treaty of Union?“</a> (PDF). Scottish Affairs. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa52/Sa52_Scott.pdf">upprunalegu</a> (PDF) geymt þann 3. október 2011. Sótt 1. maí 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+did+the+Scottish+parliament+accept+the+Treaty+of+Union%3F&rft.pub=Scottish+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishaffairs.org%2Fbackiss%2Fpdfs%2Fsa52%2FSa52_Scott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-45">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-0">45,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-1">45,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scottishhistorysociety.com/popular-opposition-to-the-ratification-of-the-treaty-of-anglo-scottish-union-in-1706-7">„Popular Opposition to the Ratification of the Treaty of Anglo-Scottish Union in 1706–7“</a>. scottishhistorysociety.com. Scottish Historical Society. Sótt 23. mars 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scottishhistorysociety.com&rft.atitle=Popular+Opposition+to+the+Ratification+of+the+Treaty+of+Anglo-Scottish+Union+in+1706%E2%80%937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscottishhistorysociety.com%2Fpopular-opposition-to-the-ratification-of-the-treaty-of-anglo-scottish-union-in-1706-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie_46-0">↑</a> Mackie, J.D. (1969) A History of Scotland. London. Penguin. </li> <li id="cite_note-1707_protests-47"><a href="#cite_ref-1707_protests_47-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFDevine1999" class="citation book cs1">Devine, T. M. (1999). The Scottish Nation 1700–2000. Penguin Books. bls. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-14-023004-8" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-14-023004-8"><bdi>978-0-14-023004-8</bdi></a>. „From that point on anti-union demonstrations were common in the capital. In November rioting spread to the south west, that stronghold of strict Calvinism and covenanting tradition. The Glasgow mob rose against union sympathisers in disturbances that lasted intermittently for over a month“</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Nation+1700%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.isbn=978-0-14-023004-8&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=T.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080101193416/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html">„Act of Union 1707 Mob unrest and disorder“</a>. London: The House of Lords. 2007. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 1. janúar 2008. Sótt 23. desember 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Act+of+Union+1707+Mob+unrest+and+disorder&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+House+of+Lords&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Factofunion%2F06_03_mob.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFRobert1976" class="citation journal cs1">Robert, Joseph C (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_virginia-magazine-of-history-and-biography_1976-01_84_1/page/100">„The Tobacco Lords: A study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and their Activities“</a>. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 84 (1): 100–102. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4248011">4248011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virginia+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Tobacco+Lords%3A+A+study+of+the+Tobacco+Merchants+of+Glasgow+and+their+Activities&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=100-102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4248011%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_virginia-magazine-of-history-and-biography_1976-01_84_1%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ec008224b/scotline2.htm">Some Dates in Scottish History from 1745 to 1914</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031090022/http://www.uiowa.edu/~c008224b/scotline2.htm">Geymt</a> 31 október 2013 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The University of Iowa. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scottishenlightenment/scotland/index.asp">„Enlightenment Scotland“</a>. Learning and Teaching Scotland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enlightenment+Scotland&rft.pub=Learning+and+Teaching+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltscotland.org.uk%2Fscottishenlightenment%2Fscotland%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Davidson(2000)" class="citation book cs1">Neil Davidson(2000). The Origins of Scottish Nationhood. London: Pluto Press. bls. 94–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Scottish+Nationhood&rft.place=London&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.au=Neil+Davidson%282000%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devine_1994-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Devine_1994_53-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFDevine" class="citation book cs1">Devine, T M (1994). Clanship to Crofters' War: The social transformation of the Scottish Highlands (2013. útgáfa). Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-7190-9076-9" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-7190-9076-9"><bdi>978-0-7190-9076-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clanship+to+Crofters%27+War%3A+The+social+transformation+of+the+Scottish+Highlands&rft.edition=2013&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-9076-9&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=T+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devine&Finlay1996pp64-5-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Devine&Finlay1996pp64-5_54-0">↑</a> T. M. Devine and R. J. Finlay, Scotland in the Twentieth Century (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> F. Requejo and K-J Nagel, Federalism Beyond Federations: Asymmetry and Processes of Re-symmetrization in Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011), p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-Quinault2007-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Quinault2007_56-0">↑</a> R. Quinault, "Scots on Top? Tartan Power at Westminster 1707–2007", History Today, 2007 57(7): 30–36. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gegnir.is/F/?func=find-a&find_code=ISSN&request=0018-2753">0018-2753</a> Fulltext: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebsco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebsco (síða er ekki enn til)">Ebsco</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> K. Kumar, The Making of English National Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> D. Howell, British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984), p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> J. F. MacKenzie, "The second city of the Empire: Glasgow – imperial municipality", in F. Driver and D. Gilbert, eds, Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity (2003), pp. 215–223. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shields1949-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Shields1949_60-0">↑</a> J. Shields, Clyde Built: a History of Ship-Building on the River Clyde (1949). </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> C. H. Lee, Scotland and the United Kingdom: the Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century (1995), p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-Magnusson-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Magnusson_62-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFM._Magnusson" class="citation cs2">M. Magnusson (10. nóvember 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606015918/http://www.newstatesman.com/200311100040">„Review of James Buchan, Capital of the Mind: how Edinburgh Changed the World“</a>, New Statesman, afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200311100040">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 6. júní 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Review+of+James+Buchan%2C+Capital+of+the+Mind%3A+how+Edinburgh+Changed+the+World&rft.au=M.+Magnusson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2F200311100040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> E. Wills, Scottish Firsts: a Celebration of Innovation and Achievement (Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFK._S._Whetter2008" class="citation cs2">K. S. Whetter (2008), Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance, Ashgate, bls. 28</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Genre+and+Medieval+Romance&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.au=K.+S.+Whetter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFN._Davidson2000" class="citation cs2">N. Davidson (2000), The Origins of Scottish Nationhood, Pluto Press, bls. 136</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Scottish+Nationhood&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.au=N.+Davidson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930034445/http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5402.html">„Cultural Profile: 19th and early 20th century developments“</a>, Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile, afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5402.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 30. september 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visiting+Arts%3A+Scotland%3A+Cultural+Profile&rft.atitle=Cultural+Profile%3A+19th+and+early+20th+century+developments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalprofiles.net%2Fscotland%2FDirectories%2FScotland_Cultural_Profile%2F-5402.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Stephan Tschudi-Madsen, The Art Nouveau Style: a Comprehensive Guide (Courier Dover, 2002), pp. 283–284. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> J. L. Roberts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WlnNUCS4R_MC&dq=clans+tartan+laws+jacobite&pg=PA193">The Jacobite Wars</a>, pp. 193–195. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sievers2007-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Sievers2007_69-0">↑</a> M. Sievers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_U-5sq5MDBQC&dq=tartan+highland+romantic&pg=PA23">The Highland Myth as an Invented Tradition of 18th and 19th century and Its Significance for the Image of Scotland</a> (GRIN Verlag, 2007), pp. 22–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> P. Morère, Scotland and France in the Enlightenment (Bucknell University Press, 2004), pp. 75–76. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> William Ferguson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nPpp6ED8c3EC&dq=ossian+macpherson&pg=PA227">The identity of the Scottish Nation: an Historic Quest</a> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998), p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> Divine, Scottish Nation pp. 292–295. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> E. Richards, The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil (2008). </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> A. K. Cairncross, The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-Huston&Knox2001pxxxii-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Huston&Knox2001pxxxii_75-0">↑</a> R. A. Houston and W. W. Knox, eds, The New Penguin History of Scotland (Penguin, 2001), p. xxxii. </li> <li id="cite_note-Robb1990-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Robb1990_76-0">↑</a> G. Robb, "Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries", Journal of Religious History, 1990, 16(1): 18–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-77">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_77-0">77,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_77-1">77,1</a> J. T. Koch, Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volumes 1–5 (ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 416–417. </li> <li id="cite_note-Devine2001p91-100-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Devine2001p91-100_78-0">↑</a> T. M. Devine, The Scottish Nation, pp. 91–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> Paul L. Robertson, "The Development of an Urban University: Glasgow, 1860–1914", History of Education Quarterly, Winter 1990, vol. 30 (1), pp. 47–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rayner-Canham2008-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Rayner-Canham2008_80-0">↑</a> M. F. Rayner-Canham and G. Rayner-Canham, Chemistry was Their Life: Pioneering British Women Chemists, 1880–1949, (Imperial College Press, 2008), p. 264. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-81">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-0">81,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-1">81,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-2">81,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-3">81,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-4">81,4</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2009" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Charles R. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/managingscotland00warr">Managing Scotland's environment</a> (2nd ed., completely rev. and updated. útgáfa). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. bls. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/managingscotland00warr/page/n73">45</a> ff., 179 ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780748630639" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780748630639"><bdi>9780748630639</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647881331">647881331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+Scotland%27s+environment&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=45+ff.%2C+179+ff&rft.edition=2nd+ed.%2C+completely+rev.+and+updated&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F647881331&rft.isbn=9780748630639&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanagingscotland00warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-82">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-0">82,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-1">82,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFGlass2013" class="citation book cs1">Glass, Jayne (2013). Lairds, Land and Sustainability: Scottish Perspectives on Upland Management. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. bls. 45 ff., 77 f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9780748685882" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/9780748685882"><bdi>9780748685882</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/859160940">859160940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lairds%2C+Land+and+Sustainability%3A+Scottish+Perspectives+on+Upland+Management&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=45+ff.%2C+77+f&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F859160940&rft.isbn=9780748685882&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Jayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFWightmanHigginsJarvieNicol" class="citation journal cs1">Wightman, A.; Higgins, P.; Jarvie, G.; Nicol, R. (2002). „The Cultural Politics of Hunting: Sporting Estates and Recreational Land Use in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland“. Culture, Sport, Society (enska). 5 (1): 53–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F713999852">10.1080/713999852</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1461-0981">1461-0981</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144048546">144048546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Culture%2C+Sport%2C+Society&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Politics+of+Hunting%3A+Sporting+Estates+and+Recreational+Land+Use+in+the+Highlands+and+Islands+of+Scotland&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-70&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144048546%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1461-0981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F713999852&rft.aulast=Wightman&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+P.&rft.au=Jarvie%2C+G.&rft.au=Nicol%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Finlay2006" class="citation book cs1">Richard J. Finlay (2006). Modern Scotland 1914–2000. bls. 1–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Scotland+1914%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=1-33&rft.au=Richard+J.+Finlay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFR._A._Houston_and_W._W._J._Knox2001" class="citation book cs1">R. A. Houston and W. W. J. Knox, ritstjóri (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VI5nAAAAMAAJ&q=casualties">The New Penguin History of Scotland</a>. bls. 426.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Penguin+History+of+Scotland&rft.pages=426&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVI5nAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dcasualties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QrYhAQAAIAAJ&q=enlisted">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.scotsman.com/worldwarone/39Savage-Scots39-wish-you-weren39t.6487746.jp">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFIain_McLean1983" class="citation book cs1">Iain McLean (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legendofredclyde0000mcle">The Legend of Red Clydeside</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legend+of+Red+Clydeside&rft.au=Iain+McLean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegendofredclyde0000mcle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFFinlay2006" class="citation book cs1">Finlay (2006). Modern Scotland 1914–2000. bls. 34–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Scotland+1914%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=34-72&rft.au=Finlay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> Richard J. Finlay, "National identity in Crisis: Politicians, Intellectuals and the 'End of Scotland', 1920–1939", History, June 1994, Vol. 79 Issue 256, pp 242–259 </li> <li id="cite_note-blitz-90">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-blitz_90-0">90,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blitz_90-1">90,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/world_war2/scotlands_blitz">„Primary History – World War 2 – Scotland's Blitz“</a>. BBC. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+History+%E2%80%93+World+War+2+%E2%80%93+Scotland%27s+Blitz&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fprimaryhistory%2Fworld_war2%2Fscotlands_blitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clydebank_blitz-91">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Clydebank_blitz_91-0">91,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clydebank_blitz_91-1">91,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/landscapes/clydebank_blitz">„Scotland's Landscape : Clydebank Blitz“</a>. BBC. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Landscape+%3A+Clydebank+Blitz&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscotland%2Flandscapes%2Fclydebank_blitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Leasor2001" class="citation book cs1">J. Leasor (2001). Rudolf Hess: The Uninvited Envoy. Kelly Bray: House of Stratus. bls. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/0-7551-0041-7" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/0-7551-0041-7"><bdi>0-7551-0041-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rudolf+Hess%3A+The+Uninvited+Envoy&rft.place=Kelly+Bray&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=House+of+Stratus&rft.isbn=0-7551-0041-7&rft.au=J.+Leasor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008168-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008168_93-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, bls. 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESereny1996240-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESereny1996240_94-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSereny1996">Sereny 1996</a>, bls. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFP._Wykeham1979" class="citation book cs1">P. Wykeham (1979). Fighter Command. Manchester: Ayer, rpt. bls. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/0-405-12209-8" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/0-405-12209-8"><bdi>0-405-12209-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighter+Command&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Ayer%2C+rpt.&rft.isbn=0-405-12209-8&rft.au=P.+Wykeham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchanan2003p51-96">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan2003p51_96-0">96,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan2003p51_96-1">96,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Buchanan2003" class="citation book cs1">J. Buchanan (2003). Scotland. Langenscheidt. bls. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/981-234-950-2" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/981-234-950-2"><bdi>981-234-950-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Langenscheidt&rft.isbn=981-234-950-2&rft.au=J.+Buchanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Creswell1967" class="citation book cs1">J. Creswell (1967). Sea Warfare 1939–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press. bls. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea+Warfare+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.au=J.+Creswell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFD._Howarth2008" class="citation book cs1">D. Howarth (2008). The Shetland Bus: A WWII Epic of Escape, Survival, and Adventure. Guilford, Delaware: Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/1-59921-321-4" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/1-59921-321-4"><bdi>1-59921-321-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shetland+Bus%3A+A+WWII+Epic+of+Escape%2C+Survival%2C+and+Adventure&rft.place=Guilford%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.isbn=1-59921-321-4&rft.au=D.+Howarth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> Harvie, Christopher No Gods and Precious Few Heroes (Edward Arnold, 1989) pp 54–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFStewart" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (6. maí 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.guardian.co.uk/scotland/comment/0,,2073303,00.html">„Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood“</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Celtic+Tiger+Burns+Brighter+at+Holyrood&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.guardian.co.uk%2Fscotland%2Fcomment%2F0%2C%2C2073303%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326">„National Planning Framework for Scotland“</a>. Gov.scot. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.scot&rft.atitle=National+Planning+Framework+for+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FPublications%2F2004%2F04%2F19170%2F35326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFTorrance" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Torrance_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Torrance (journalist) (síða er ekki enn til)">Torrance, David</a> (30. mars 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920044226/http://www.scotsman.com/news/david-torrance-modern-myth-of-a-poll-tax-test-bed-lives-on-1-1031968">„Modern myth of a poll tax test-bed lives on“</a>. The Scotsman. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/david-torrance-modern-myth-of-a-poll-tax-test-bed-lives-on-1-1031968">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 20. september 2017. Sótt 19. september 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Modern+myth+of+a+poll+tax+test-bed+lives+on&rft.aulast=Torrance&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fdavid-torrance-modern-myth-of-a-poll-tax-test-bed-lives-on-1-1031968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7976782.stm">„The poll tax in Scotland 20 years on“</a>. BBC News. BBC. 1. apríl 2009. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+poll+tax+in+Scotland+20+years+on&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fscotland%2F7976782.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_1">"The Scotland Act 1998"</a> Office of Public Sector Information. Sótt 22. apríl 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/About/Factfile/18060/11552">"Devolution > Scottish responsibilities"</a> Skoska ríkisstjórnin, (síðast uppfært 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/06/99/scottish_parliament_opening/382490.stm">„Special Report | 1999 | 06/99 | Scottish Parliament opening | Scotland's day of history“</a>. BBC News. 4. júlí 1999. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Special+Report+%26%23124%3B+1999+%26%23124%3B+06%2F99+%26%23124%3B+Scottish+Parliament+opening+%26%23124%3B+Scotland%27s+day+of+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1999%2F06%2F99%2Fscottish_parliament_opening%2F382490.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/donald-dewar-dies-after-fall-634695.html">„Donald Dewar dies after fall“</a>. The Independent. 11. október 2000. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Donald+Dewar+dies+after+fall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-dewar-dies-after-fall-634695.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3719396.stm">„UK | Scotland | Guide to opening of Scottish Parliament“</a>. BBC News. 6. október 2004. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+%26%23124%3B+Scotland+%26%23124%3B+Guide+to+opening+of+Scottish+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fscotland%2F3719396.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFCarrell" class="citation news cs1">Carrell, Severin (6. maí 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/may/06/scottish-elections-salmond-historic-victory-snp">„Salmond hails 'historic' victory as SNP secures Holyrood's first ever majority | Politics“</a>. The Guardian. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Salmond+hails+%27historic%27+victory+as+SNP+secures+Holyrood%27s+first+ever+majority+%26%23124%3B+Politics&rft.aulast=Carrell&rft.aufirst=Severin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2011%2Fmay%2F06%2Fscottish-elections-salmond-historic-victory-snp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/results">„Scottish independence referendum – Results“</a>. BBC News. 19. september 2014. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scottish+independence+referendum+%E2%80%93+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fevents%2Fscotland-decides%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm">"Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301043228/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm">Geymt</a> 1 mars 2010 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 26 September 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102215306/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/councils/leaders">„Council leaders“</a>. Cosla.gov.uk. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosla.gov.uk/councils/leaders">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 2. janúar 2019. Sótt 3. janúar 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cosla.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Council+leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosla.gov.uk%2Fcouncils%2Fleaders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222001121/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/councils/chief-executives">„Chief executives“</a>. Cosla.gov.uk. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosla.gov.uk/councils/chief-executives">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 22. desember 2018. Sótt 3. janúar 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cosla.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Chief+executives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosla.gov.uk%2Fcouncils%2Fchief-executives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-114"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_114-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/ukgeographies/administrativegeography/scotland">„Scotland – Office for National Statistics“</a>. www.ons.gov.uk. Sótt 17. janúar 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Scotland+%E2%80%93+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fmethodology%2Fgeography%2Fukgeographies%2Fadministrativegeography%2Fscotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/cityhome.htm">„City status“</a>. Dca.gov.uk. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dca.gov.uk&rft.atitle=City+status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dca.gov.uk%2Fconstitution%2Fcity%2Fcityhome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/citygj.htm">„UK Cities“</a>. Dca.gov.uk. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dca.gov.uk&rft.atitle=UK+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dca.gov.uk%2Fconstitution%2Fcity%2Fcitygj.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMcSherry" class="citation web cs1">McSherry, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scottishfinancialreview.com/2020/09/25/edinburgh-4th-in-europe-in-new-financial-centres-index/">„Edinburgh 4th in Europe in new Financial Centres index – Scottish Financial Review“</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+4th+in+Europe+in+new+Financial+Centres+index+%E2%80%93+Scottish+Financial+Review&rft.aulast=McSherry&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscottishfinancialreview.com%2F2020%2F09%2F25%2Fedinburgh-4th-in-europe-in-new-financial-centres-index%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFScottish_Government" class="citation web cs1">Scottish Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy">„Key Economy Statistics“</a>. Sótt 22. ágúst 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+Economy+Statistics&rft.au=Scottish+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FTopics%2FStatistics%2FBrowse%2FEconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Mehreen (12. september 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11084406/The-Scottish-economy-in-ten-essential-charts.html">„The Scottish economy in ten essential charts“</a>. Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11084406/The-Scottish-economy-in-ten-essential-charts.html">Afrit</a> af uppruna á 10. janúar 2022. Sótt 1. ágúst 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Scottish+economy+in+ten+essential+charts&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Mehreen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Feconomics%2F11084406%2FThe-Scottish-economy-in-ten-essential-charts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-48594025">„Scotland's employment rate hits record high“</a>. BBC News. 11. júní 2019. Sótt 24. júlí 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+employment+rate+hits+record+high&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-business-48594025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> Askeland, Erikka (20 March 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/business/scots-cities-slide-down-chart-of-the-world-s-top-financial-centres-1-2182954">"Scots Cities Slide down Chart of the World's Top Financial Centres"</a>. The Scotsman. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408123054/http://www.longfinance.net/global-financial-centre-index-19/976-gfci-19-the-overall-rankings.html">„The Global Financial Centres Index 19“</a>. Long Finance. mars 2016. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longfinance.net/global-financial-centre-index-19/976-gfci-19-the-overall-rankings.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 8. apríl 2016. Sótt 6. júlí 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+19&rft.pub=Long+Finance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fglobal-financial-centre-index-19%2F976-gfci-19-the-overall-rankings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-27-explore-data/gfci-27-rank">„GFCI 27 Rank – Long Finance“</a>. www.longfinance.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.longfinance.net&rft.atitle=GFCI+27+Rank+%E2%80%93+Long+Finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fprogrammes%2Ffinancial-centre-futures%2Fglobal-financial-centres-index%2Fgfci-27-explore-data%2Fgfci-27-rank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFScottish_Government" class="citation web cs1">Scottish Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208211027/http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/Exports/ESSPublication">„Export Statistics Scotland – Publication“</a>. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/Exports/ESSPublication">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 8. febrúar 2016. Sótt 14. desember 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Export+Statistics+Scotland+%E2%80%93+Publication&rft.au=Scottish+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FTopics%2FStatistics%2FBrowse%2FEconomy%2FExports%2FESSPublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trade-125">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Trade_125-0">125,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trade_125-1">125,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/Q/pno/1">„Economy Statistics“</a>. The Scottish Government. apríl 2003. Sótt 26. maí 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economy+Statistics&rft.pub=The+Scottish+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FTopics%2FStatistics%2FBrowse%2FEconomy%2FQ%2Fpno%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531090235/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/news-publications/publications/documents/scotch-whisky-exports-hit-record-level/">„Scotch Whisky Exports Hit Record Level“</a>. Scotch Whisky Association. 2. apríl 2013. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/news-publications/publications/documents/scotch-whisky-exports-hit-record-level">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 31 maí 2014. Sótt 12. júní 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotch+Whisky+Exports+Hit+Record+Level&rft.pub=Scotch+Whisky+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotch-whisky.org.uk%2Fnews-publications%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2Fscotch-whisky-exports-hit-record-level&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-26974320">„Scotch Whisky Exports Remain Flat“</a>. 11. apríl 2014. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scotch+Whisky+Exports+Remain+Flat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-business-26974320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531090407/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/news-publications/publications/documents/scotch-whisky-briefing-2014/">„Scotch Whisky Briefing 2014“</a>. Scotch Whisky Association. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/news-publications/publications/documents/scotch-whisky-briefing-2014">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 31 maí 2014. Sótt 30. maí 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotch+Whisky+Briefing+2014&rft.pub=Scotch+Whisky+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotch-whisky.org.uk%2Fnews-publications%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2Fscotch-whisky-briefing-2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFCarrell,_SeverinGriffiths,_IanTerry_Macalister,_Terry" class="citation web cs1">Carrell, Severin; Griffiths, Ian; Terry Macalister, Terry (29. maí 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/may/29/scotland-wealth-alex-salmond-study">„New Doubt Cast over Alex Salmond's Claims of Scottish Wealth“</a>. The Guardian. Sótt 30. maí 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=New+Doubt+Cast+over+Alex+Salmond%27s+Claims+of+Scottish+Wealth&rft.au=Carrell%2C+Severin&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Ian&rft.au=Terry+Macalister%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2014%2Fmay%2F29%2Fscotland-wealth-alex-salmond-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051106161727/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-97.pdf">„The Economics of Tourism“</a> (PDF). SPICe. 2002. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-97.pdf">upprunalegu</a> (PDF) geymt þann 6. nóvember 2005. Sótt 22. október 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Tourism&rft.pub=SPICe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fresearch%2Fpdf_res_brief%2Fsb02-97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBBC" class="citation news cs1">BBC (17. október 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7219799.stm">„Scotland profile“</a>. BBC News. Sótt 31. október 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scotland+profile&rft.au=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcountry_profiles%2F7219799.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotland.org/business/goods-and-services">„Scottish Goods and Services | Scotland.org | Scotland.org“</a>. Scotland (enska). Sótt 17. janúar 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland&rft.atitle=Scottish+Goods+and+Services+%7C+Scotland.org+%7C+Scotland.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.org%2Fbusiness%2Fgoods-and-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotland-a-trading-nation/sectors/financial-and-business-services">„Scotland: a trading nation - gov.scot“</a>. www.gov.scot. Sótt 17. janúar 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scotland%3A+a+trading+nation+-+gov.scot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Fscotland-a-trading-nation%2Fsectors%2Ffinancial-and-business-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-134"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_134-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/news/2015/scotlands-population-at-its-highest-ever">„Scotland's Population at its Highest Ever“</a>. National Records of Scotland. 30. apríl 2015. Sótt 12. febrúar 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Population+at+its+Highest+Ever&rft.pub=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2015%2Fscotlands-population-at-its-highest-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS-pop-ests-June2018-135"><a href="#cite_ref-ONS-pop-ests-June2018_135-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan, McMullan (24. júní 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest">„Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland“</a>. Ons.gov.uk (enska). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_for_National_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office for National Statistics (síða er ekki enn til)">Office for National Statistics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Population+estimates+for+UK%2C+England+and+Wales%2C+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland&rft.aulast=Jonathan&rft.aufirst=McMullan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fbulletins%2Fannualmidyearpopulationestimates%2Flatest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-detailed-characteristics-ethnicity-identity-language-and-religion-scotland-%E2%80%93">Census 2011: Detailed characteristics on Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion in Scotland – Release 3A</a>. Scotland Census 2011. Sótt 20. september 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-thecourier1-137"><a href="#cite_ref-thecourier1_137-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/scotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million-1.57049">„Scotland's population reaches record of high of 5.25 million“</a>. The Courier. 3. ágúst 2012. Sótt 3. janúar 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+population+reaches+record+of+high+of+5.25+million&rft.pub=The+Courier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecourier.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million-1.57049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://statistics.gov.scot/slice?dataset=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdata%2Fmigration-to-and-from-scotland&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fcube%23measureType=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fmeasure-properties%2Fcount&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fsdmx%2F2009%2Fdimension%23refPeriod=http%3A%2F%2Freference.data.gov.uk%2Fid%2Fyear%2F2021&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fage=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fage%2Fall&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2FmigrationSource=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fmigration-source%2Fto-from-international&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fsex=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fsex%2Fall">https://statistics.gov.scot/slice?dataset=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdata%2Fmigration-to-and-from-scotland&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fcube%23measureType=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fmeasure-properties%2Fcount&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fsdmx%2F2009%2Fdimension%23refPeriod=http%3A%2F%2Freference.data.gov.uk%2Fid%2Fyear%2F2021&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fage=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fage%2Fall&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2FmigrationSource=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fmigration-source%2Fto-from-international&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fsex=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fsex%2Fall</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://statistics.gov.scot/slice?dataset=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdata%2Fmigration-to-and-from-scotland&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fcube%23measureType=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fmeasure-properties%2Fcount&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fsdmx%2F2009%2Fdimension%23refPeriod=http%3A%2F%2Freference.data.gov.uk%2Fid%2Fyear%2F2002&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fage=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fage%2Fall&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2FmigrationSource=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fmigration-source%2Fto-from-international&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fsex=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fsex%2Fall">https://statistics.gov.scot/slice?dataset=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdata%2Fmigration-to-and-from-scotland&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fcube%23measureType=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fmeasure-properties%2Fcount&http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Flinked-data%2Fsdmx%2F2009%2Fdimension%23refPeriod=http%3A%2F%2Freference.data.gov.uk%2Fid%2Fyear%2F2002&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fage=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fage%2Fall&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2FmigrationSource=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fmigration-source%2Fto-from-international&http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fdimension%2Fsex=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fdef%2Fconcept%2Fsex%2Fall</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rampantscotland.com/know/blknow_cities.htm">„Did You Know?—Scotland's Cities“</a>. Rampantscotland.com. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rampantscotland.com&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know%3F%E2%80%94Scotland%27s+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frampantscotland.com%2Fknow%2Fblknow_cities.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a> Clapperton, C.M. (ed) (1983) Scotland: A New Study. London. David & Charles. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> Miller, J. (2004) Inverness. Edinburgh. Birlinn. <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-1-84158-296-2" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-1-84158-296-2">ISBN 978-1-84158-296-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/as/sixties/standard/rural/new_towns.shtml">„New Towns“</a>. Bbc.co.uk. Sótt 17. september 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=New+Towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscotland%2Feducation%2Fas%2Fsixties%2Fstandard%2Frural%2Fnew_towns.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html">Area profiles- census data</a>Scotland census. Skoðað 3 . apríl 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-35953639">Most people in Scotland 'not religious'</a> BBC. Skoðað 2. apríl 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBechhofer,_F.McCrone,_D.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Bechhofer, F.; McCrone, D. (2013). „Imagining the nation: Symbols of national culture in England and Scotland“. Ethnicities. 13 (5): 544–564.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicities&rft.atitle=Imagining+the+nation%3A+Symbols+of+national+culture+in+England+and+Scotland&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=544-564&rft.au=Bechhofer%2C+F.&rft.au=McCrone%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFDemir,_A.2022" class="citation book cs1">Demir, A. (2022). „Scotland Hymns for His Identity: The National Anthem in Progress“. Global Perspectives on Nationalism. Routledge. bls. 171–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scotland+Hymns+for+His+Identity%3A+The+National+Anthem+in+Progress&rft.btitle=Global+Perspectives+on+Nationalism&rft.pages=171-187&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.au=Demir%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas,_H.2011" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, H. (2011). The Hogmanay Companion. Neil Wilson Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hogmanay+Companion&rft.pub=Neil+Wilson+Publishing&rft.au=Douglas%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ASkotland" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744436">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenglar">Tenglar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Breyti hluta: Tenglar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">breyta</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Tenglar">breyta frumkóða</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870427">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1795920">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/35px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/52px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/70px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikior%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kin" title="Wikiorðabókin">Wikiorðabókin</a> er með skilgreiningu á orðinu <a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/Skotland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Skotland">Skotland</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/">Vefur skosku ríkisstjórnarinnar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.scot/">Skoska þingið</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitscotland.com/">Visit Scotland - ferðavefur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timarit.is/gegnir/000545723">Kristnin í Skotlandi</a>, grein eftir sr. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a> 1 · <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a> 1 · <a href="/wiki/Georg%C3%ADa" title="Georgía">Georgía</a> 1 · <a href="/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta-R%C3%BAssland" title="Hvíta-Rússland">Hvíta-Rússland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Akra%C3%ADna" title="Úkraína">Úkraína</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Mið-Evrópa">Mið-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADki" title="Austurríki">Austurríki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a> · <a 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title="Ítalía">Ítalía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B3" title="Mónakó">Mónakó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%BAgal" title="Portúgal">Portúgal</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%ADn%C3%B3" title="San Marínó">San Marínó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spánn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vat%C3%ADkani%C3%B0" title="Vatíkanið">Vatíkanið</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Undir yfirráðum annarra ríkja: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81landseyjar" title="Álandseyjar">Álandseyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADbraltar" title="Gíbraltar">Gíbraltar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6n_(%C3%8Drlandshafi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mön (Írlandshafi)">Mön</a> · <a href="/wiki/Svalbar%C3%B0i" title="Svalbarði">Svalbarði</a> 1 Oft talin landfræðilega til Asíu en 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