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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Judges 1:28 When Israel became stronger, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor, but they never drove them out completely.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/judges/1-28.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/5/07_Jdg_01_28.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Judges 1:28 - Failure to Complete the Conquest" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="When Israel became stronger, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor, but they never drove them out completely." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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but they did not drive them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/judges/1.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />It came about when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/judges/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And it came about when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/judges/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And it happened when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not dispossess them completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/judges/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />It happened when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/judges/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />When Israel became stronger, they made the Canaanites serve as forced labor but never drove them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/judges/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />When Israel became stronger, they made the Canaanites serve as forced labor but never drove them out completely. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/judges/1.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And it came to pass, when Israel was waxed strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, and did not utterly drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/judges/1.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And it came to pass, when Israel was waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, and did not utterly drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/judges/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />When the Israelites were strong enough, they made the Canaanites do forced labor. But they did not force all of them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/judges/1.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />When the Israelites became stronger, they forced the Canaanites to work for them, but still they did not drive them all out. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/judges/1.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />When Israel had grown strong, they subjected the Canaanites to conscripted labor and never did expel them completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/judges/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />When Israel became stronger, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor, but they never drove them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/judges/1.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Whenever Israel was strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/judges/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />It happened, when Israel had grown strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, and did not utterly drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/judges/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And it came to pass when Israel was strong, that they subjected the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly expel them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/judges/1.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />When Israel had grown strong, they put the Canaanites to forced labor, and didn’t utterly drive them out. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/judges/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and it comes to pass, when Israel has been strong, that he sets the Canaanite to forced labor, and has not utterly dispossessed it.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/judges/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and it cometh to pass, when Israel hath been strong, that he setteth the Canaanite to tribute, and hath not utterly dispossessed it.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/judges/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And it will be when Israel was strong, and he will put the Canaanite to tribute; and driving out, they did not drive out.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/judges/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />But after Israel was grown strong he made them tributaries, and would not destroy them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/judges/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Then, after Israel had grown strong, he made them tributaries, but he was not willing to destroy them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/judges/1.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />When Israel grew stronger, they conscripted the Canaanites as laborers, but did not actually drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/judges/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />When Israel grew strong, they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but did not in fact drive them out.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/judges/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, they made the Canaanites pay tribute but did not utterly destroy them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/judges/1.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And when Israel was empowered, it subdued the Canaanites by taxes and did not destroy it<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/judges/1.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And it came to pass, when Israel was waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to task-work, but did in no wise drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/judges/1.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And it came to pass when Israel was strong, that he made the Chananite tributary, but did not utterly drive them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/judges/1-28.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AjzBiIYY2Dc?start=265" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/judges/1.htm">Failure to Complete the Conquest</a></span><br><span class="reftext">27</span>At that time Manasseh failed to drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean, Taanach, Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo, and their villages; for the Canaanites were determined to dwell in that land. <span class="reftext">28</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: way·hî (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3588.htm" title="3588: kî- (Conj) -- That, for, when. ">When</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity.">Israel</a> <a href="/hebrew/2388.htm" title="2388: ḥā·zaq (V-Qal-Perf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong, obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer.">became stronger,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7760.htm" title="7760: way·yā·śem (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To put, place, set. Or siym; a primitive root; to put.">they pressed</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3669.htm" title="3669: hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan. Patrial from Kna'an; a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by implication, a pedlar.">the Canaanites</a> <a href="/hebrew/4522.htm" title="4522: lā·mas (Prep-l:: N-ms) -- Or mic; from macac; properly, a burden, i.e. A tax in the form of forced labor.">into forced labor,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3808.htm" title="3808: lō (Adv-NegPrt) -- Not. Or lowi; or loh; a primitive particle; not; by implication, no; often used with other particles.">but they never</a> <a href="/hebrew/3423.htm" title="3423: wə·hō·w·rêš (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-InfAbs) -- Or yaresh; a primitive root; to occupy; by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin.">drove them out</a> <a href="/hebrew/3423.htm" title="3423: hō·w·rî·šōw (V-Hifil-Perf-3ms:: 3ms) -- Or yaresh; a primitive root; to occupy; by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin.">completely.</a> </span><span class="reftext">29</span>Ephraim also failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so the Canaanites continued to dwell among them in Gezer.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Joshua 17:13</a></span><br />However, when the Israelites grew stronger, they put the Canaanites to forced labor; but they failed to drive them out completely.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/16-10.htm">Joshua 16:10</a></span><br />But they did not drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer. So the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites to this day, but they are forced laborers.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/9-21.htm">1 Kings 9:21</a></span><br />their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11</a></span><br />So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/20-11.htm">Deuteronomy 20:11</a></span><br />If they accept your offer of peace and open their gates, all the people there will become forced laborers to serve you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_samuel/8-2.htm">2 Samuel 8:2</a></span><br />David also defeated the Moabites, made them lie down on the ground, and measured them off with a cord. He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death, and with one length those to be spared. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">1 Kings 4:6</a></span><br />Ahishar was in charge of the palace; and Adoniram son of Abda was in charge of the forced labor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/5-13.htm">1 Kings 5:13-14</a></span><br />Then King Solomon conscripted a labor force of 30,000 men from all Israel. / He sent them to Lebanon in monthly shifts of 10,000 men, so that they would spend one month in Lebanon and two months at home. And Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/8-8.htm">2 Chronicles 8:8</a></span><br />their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites had not destroyed—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/5-4.htm">Nehemiah 5:4-5</a></span><br />Still others were saying, “We have borrowed money to pay the king’s tax on our fields and vineyards. / We and our children are just like our countrymen and their children, yet we are subjecting our sons and daughters to slavery. Some of our daughters are already enslaved, but we are powerless to redeem them because our fields and vineyards belong to others.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/31-8.htm">Isaiah 31:8</a></span><br />“Then Assyria will fall, but not by the sword of man; a sword will devour them, but not one made by mortals. They will flee before the sword, and their young men will be put to forced labor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/17-24.htm">Matthew 17:24-27</a></span><br />After they had arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax came to Peter and asked, “Does your Teacher pay the two drachmas?” / “Yes,” he answered. When Peter entered the house, Jesus preempted him. “What do you think, Simon?” He asked. “From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs and taxes: from their own sons, or from others?” / “From others,” Peter answered. “Then the sons are exempt,” Jesus said to him. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/19-12.htm">Luke 19:12-27</a></span><br />So He said, “A man of noble birth went to a distant country to lay claim to his kingship and then return. / Beforehand, he called ten of his servants and gave them ten minas. ‘Conduct business with this until I return,’ he said. / But his subjects hated him and sent a delegation after him to say, ‘We do not want this man to rule over us.’ ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/8-33.htm">John 8:33-34</a></span><br />“We are Abraham’s descendants,” they answered. “We have never been slaves to anyone. How can You say we will be set free?” / Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/6-16.htm">Romans 6:16</a></span><br />Do you not know that when you offer yourselves as obedient slaves, you are slaves to the one you obey, whether you are slaves to sin leading to death, or to obedience leading to righteousness?</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/judges/1-17.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/judges/1-27.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Completely</a> <a href="/judges/1-21.htm">Dispossessed</a> <a href="/judges/1-27.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/judges/1-20.htm">Driving</a> <a href="/judges/1-20.htm">Drove</a> <a href="/judges/1-27.htm">Expel</a> <a href="/judges/1-1.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/numbers/28-5.htm">Pressed</a> <a href="/joshua/23-9.htm">Strong</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Subjected</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Taskwork</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Task-Work</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/judges/1-17.htm">Utterly</a> <a href="/joshua/23-1.htm">Waxed</a> <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm">Waxen</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/18-6.htm">Whenever</a> <a href="/joshua/23-12.htm">Wise</a> <a href="/joshua/24-31.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/1_samuel/15-9.htm">Completely</a> <a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Dispossessed</a> <a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/judges/1-31.htm">Driving</a> <a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Drove</a> <a href="/judges/1-29.htm">Expel</a> <a href="/judges/2-4.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/judges/1-30.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/judges/1-34.htm">Pressed</a> <a href="/judges/1-35.htm">Strong</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-33.htm">Subjected</a> <a href="/judges/1-30.htm">Taskwork</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Task-Work</a> <a href="/judges/3-15.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/judges/3-25.htm">Utterly</a> <a href="/1_samuel/2-5.htm">Waxed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/5-27.htm">Waxen</a> <a href="/judges/2-15.htm">Whenever</a> <a href="/judges/5-29.htm">Wise</a> <a href="/judges/1-30.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">Judges 1</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-1.htm">The acts of Judah and Simeon</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-4.htm">Adonibezek justly requited</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-8.htm">Jerusalem taken</a></span><br><span class="reftext">10. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-10.htm">Hebron taken</a></span><br><span class="reftext">11. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-11.htm">Othniel has Achsah to wife for taking of Debir</a></span><br><span class="reftext">16. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-16.htm">The Kenites dwell in Judah</a></span><br><span class="reftext">17. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-17.htm">Hormah, Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron taken</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-21.htm">The acts of Benjamin</a></span><br><span class="reftext">22. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-22.htm">Of the house of Joseph, who take Bethel</a></span><br><span class="reftext">30. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-30.htm">Of Zebulun</a></span><br><span class="reftext">31. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-31.htm">Of Asher</a></span><br><span class="reftext">33. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-33.htm">Of Naphtali</a></span><br><span class="reftext">34. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/judges/1-34.htm">Of Dan</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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The strengthening of Israel can be seen as a fulfillment of God's promise to give them the land, yet it also reflects a time of incomplete obedience. Historically, this period follows the conquest led by Joshua, where the tribes of Israel were tasked with taking possession of their allotted territories. The strengthening could be attributed to their growing numbers, military successes, and the establishment of a more organized tribal confederation.<p><b>they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor</b><br>Instead of fully obeying God's command to drive out the Canaanites, the Israelites chose to subjugate them, using them for labor. This decision reflects a compromise with the surrounding pagan culture, which would later lead to spiritual and moral decline. The practice of using conquered peoples for labor was common in the ancient Near East, and it provided economic benefits. However, it also meant that the Canaanites remained a significant influence, leading to idolatry and syncretism among the Israelites.<p><b>but they never drove them out completely</b><br>This incomplete obedience had long-term consequences for Israel. The presence of the Canaanites among them led to ongoing conflicts and spiritual corruption, as seen in later narratives throughout the book of Judges. The failure to fully drive out the Canaanites is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, symbolizing the persistent struggle between faithfulness to God and the temptation to conform to the world. This phrase also foreshadows the cyclical pattern of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance that characterizes the period of the Judges. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the importance of complete obedience to God's commands.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/i/israel.htm">Israel</a></b><br>The collective name for the descendants of Jacob, also known as the Israelites. In this context, it refers to the tribes of Israel who were settling in the Promised Land.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/c/canaanites.htm">Canaanites</a></b><br>The original inhabitants of the land of Canaan, which God had promised to the Israelites. They were often seen as a corrupting influence due to their idolatrous practices.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/f/forced_labor.htm">Forced Labor</a></b><br>A practice where the Israelites subjected the Canaanites to servitude instead of completely driving them out as God had commanded.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/p/promised_land.htm">Promised Land</a></b><br>The land of Canaan, which God promised to Abraham and his descendants. It was to be a place where Israel could live according to God's laws.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/j/judges.htm">Judges</a></b><br>The leaders and deliverers of Israel during the period between Joshua's leadership and the establishment of the monarchy. This book records the cycles of Israel's faithfulness and disobedience.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/p/partial_obedience_is_disobedience.htm">Partial Obedience is Disobedience</a></b><br>Israel's failure to fully obey God's command to drive out the Canaanites led to long-term consequences. Partial obedience can lead to spiritual compromise in our lives.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_danger_of_compromise.htm">The Danger of Compromise</a></b><br>Allowing sin to remain in our lives, like the Canaanites in the land, can lead to spiritual decay. We must be diligent in removing sin completely.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/strength_and_responsibility.htm">Strength and Responsibility</a></b><br>When Israel became strong, they chose convenience over obedience. As Christians, we must use our strengths to fulfill God's commands, not for personal gain.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/consequences_of_disobedience.htm">Consequences of Disobedience</a></b><br>Israel's decision to subject the Canaanites to forced labor instead of driving them out led to future conflicts and idolatry. Our disobedience can have lasting effects.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_faithfulness_despite_our_failures.htm">God's Faithfulness Despite Our Failures</a></b><br>Despite Israel's failures, God remained faithful to His covenant. This encourages us to rely on God's grace and strive for obedience.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_judges_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Judges 1</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_didn't_tribes_fully_possess_land.htm">If the land division was divinely ordained, why do other biblical accounts (e.g., Judges 1) describe tribes failing to fully possess these assigned territories?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_does_josh._23_5_align_with_later_battles.htm">How does Joshua 23:5’s promise of complete conquest align with later biblical texts showing ongoing battles and incomplete occupation of Canaan? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_coexist_with_canaanites_in_judges_1_27-28.htm">In Judges 1:27–28, why did the Israelites coexist with the Canaanites instead of fully driving them out, contradicting earlier commands for total conquest? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_do_joshua_16_10_and_1_kings_9_15-16_differ.htm">Why does Joshua 16:10 say the Canaanites in Gezer became forced labor, yet 1 Kings 9:15-16 seems to contradict who controlled Gezer's fate?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/judges/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(28) <span class= "bld">Did not utterly drive them out.</span>--This is mentioned by way of blame, as the cause of their future sins and disasters (<a href="/judges/2-2.htm" title="And you shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; you shall throw down their altars: but you have not obeyed my voice: why have you done this?">Judges 2:2</a>; Josh. 16:16, <a href="/joshua/17-13.htm" title="Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, but did not utterly drive them out.">Joshua 17:13</a>). As to the morality of these exterminating wars, we must bear in mind that men and nations must alike be judged by the moral standard of their own day, not by the advanced morality of later ages. We learn from unanimous testimony that the nations of Canaan had sunk to the lowest and vilest depths of moral degeneracy. When nations have fallen thus low, the cup of their iniquity is full; they are practically irreclaimable. To mingle with them would inevitably be to learn their works, for their worst abominations would find an ally in the natural weakness and corruption of the human heart. The Israelites therefore believed that it was their positive duty to destroy them, and the impulse which led them to do so was one which sprang from their best and not from their worst instincts. It must not be forgotten that the teaching of Christ has absolutely changed the moral conceptions of the world. It intensified, to a degree which we can hardly estimate, our sense of the inalienable rights of humanity and of the individual man. In these days there is scarcely any amount of evidence which would convince us that we were bidden to exterminate a whole population, and involve women and children in one indistinguishable massacre. But neither the Israelites nor any other ancient nations, at this early stage of their moral development, had any conception corresponding to those which would in our minds rightly excite horror, were we to receive a command like that given by Moses, that "thou shalt save nothing alive that breatheth" (<a href="/deuteronomy/22-16.htm" title="And the damsel's father shall say to the elders, I gave my daughter to this man to wife, and he hates her;">Deuteronomy 22:16</a>), or by Samuel, "Slay both man and woman, <span class= "ital">infant and suckling, </span>ox and sheep, camel and ass" (<a href="/1_samuel/15-3.htm" title="Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.">1Samuel 15:3</a>). We should instantly declare it to be <span class= "ital">impossible </span>that God--as Christ has revealed to us the character of our Father in heaven--should give us commands which would militate against our sense of justice no less than against our sense of compassion. To quote such commands as an excuse for, or an incentive to, such horrible acts of wickedness as the Sack of Beziers, or the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, is ignorantly and recklessly to obliterate the whole results of God's progressive moral education of our race. It is to ignore the fact that we are living under a wholly different dispensation, and to disavow every blessing which has accrued to humanity from the broadening light and divine revelation of three thousand years. But the ancient Israelites, living as they did in the "days of ignorance" which God "winked at" (<a href="/acts/17-30.htm" title="And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commands all men every where to repent:">Acts 17:30</a>), had never attained to that idea of human individuality--that sense of the independence and infinite worth of each human life--which would have shown them that they knew not what manner of spirit they were of (<a href="/luke/9-56.htm" title="For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them. And they went to another village.">Luke 9:56</a>). The wild and passionate sense of severe justice, the comparative indifference to human life, the familiarity with pain and death which blunted the keen edge of pity, "the deficient sense of individuality, the exaggerated sense of the solidarity which united a criminal with all his surroundings and possessions," prevented them from regarding the execution of their ban on guilty nations, cities, or families in any other light than that of the zeal for righteousness by which it was impelled. Their deeds must be estimated by the elements of nobleness which mingled with them, and not indiscriminately condemned by standards of judgment of which neither they nor the age in which they lived had any conception. They firmly believed that in exterminating Canaan they were acting under Divine commands; and there was nothing in such commands which would in that day have shocked the moral sense of the world. "They did not look unnatural to the ancient Jew; they were not foreign to his standard; they excited no surprise or perplexity; they appealed to a genuine but rough idea of justice which existed, when the longing for retribution upon crime in the human mind was not checked by the strict sense of human individuality" (Mozley, <span class= "ital">Lectures on the Old Test., </span>p. 103). . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/judges/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 28.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Put the Canaanites to tribute</span>, or made them tributaries, as in vers. 30, 33, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> imposed forced labour upon them, as the Gibeonites were made hewers of wood and drawers of water (<a href="/joshua/9-21.htm">Joshua 9:21, 27</a>; see <a href="/1_kings/9-21.htm">1 Kings 9:21</a>). <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/judges/1-28.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">When</span><br /><span class="heb">כִּֽי־</span> <span class="translit">(kî-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> </span><span class="str2">A relative conjunction</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Israel</span><br /><span class="heb">יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל</span> <span class="translit">(yiś·rā·’êl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3478.htm">Strong's 3478: </a> </span><span class="str2">Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc</span><br /><br /><span class="word">became stronger,</span><br /><span class="heb">חָזַ֣ק</span> <span class="translit">(ḥā·zaq)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2388.htm">Strong's 2388: </a> </span><span class="str2">To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer</span><br /><br /><span class="word">they pressed</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיָּ֥שֶׂם</span> <span class="translit">(way·yā·śem)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7760.htm">Strong's 7760: </a> </span><span class="str2">Put -- to put, place, set</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Canaanites</span><br /><span class="heb">הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י</span> <span class="translit">(hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3669.htm">Strong's 3669: </a> </span><span class="str2">Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan</span><br /><br /><span class="word">into forced labor,</span><br /><span class="heb">לָמַ֑ס</span> <span class="translit">(lā·mas)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4522.htm">Strong's 4522: </a> </span><span class="str2">Body of forced laborers, forced service, taskworkers, taskwork, serfdom</span><br /><br /><span class="word">but they never</span><br /><span class="heb">לֹ֥א</span> <span class="translit">(lō)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adverb - Negative particle<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3808.htm">Strong's 3808: </a> </span><span class="str2">Not, no</span><br /><br /><span class="word">drove them out</span><br /><span class="heb">וְהוֹרֵ֖ישׁ</span> <span class="translit">(wə·hō·w·rêš)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3423.htm">Strong's 3423: </a> </span><span class="str2">To occupy, to seize, to rob, to inherit, to expel, to impoverish, to ruin</span><br /><br /><span class="word">completely.</span><br /><span class="heb">הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃</span> <span class="translit">(hō·w·rî·šōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3423.htm">Strong's 3423: </a> </span><span class="str2">To occupy, to seize, to rob, to inherit, to expel, to impoverish, to ruin</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/judges/1-28.htm">Judges 1:28 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/judges/1-28.htm">OT History: Judges 1:28 It happened when Israel had grown strong (Jd Judg. Jdg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/judges/1-27.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Judges 1:27"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Judges 1:27" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/judges/1-29.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Judges 1:29"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Judges 1:29" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>