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margin-bottom: 0"> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none" id="table1"> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1895</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Recorded music for entertainment starts finding response by the public</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. The demand for recordings gave the incentive for investments in new technologies by the newly-formed record companies</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1890</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Edison's Phonograph </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> and </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Bell-Tainter Graphophone </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> are in competition</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. The phonograph seems to be more popular</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1889</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Forefathers of the </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> juke-box </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> with great appeal to the public created a demand for more phonograms</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> mainly for comic monologues</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1888</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> The products of </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Edison's Phonograph </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> and </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Bell-Tainter Graphophone (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">a company created by </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Chichester Bell, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> brother of </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Alexander Graham Bell, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> and </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Charles Tainter) </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> were used as contract dictation equipment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. The entertaining use of these products was not considered of commercial value</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1887</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Berliner </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> developed a successful method of afterwards transition of a groove with audio information on a record</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. He also developed a method of mass production of copies of a prototype record</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1886</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Edison </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">is awarded a patent by the USA for a wax covered recording cylinder</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. This</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> set</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> end</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> tin foil cylinder</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1884</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Emile Berliner </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> recorded</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">Pater Noster</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">” </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> (“Lord’s Prayer”) on an Edison’s cylinder</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. The prototype recording is preserved in BBC’s offices in London</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1878</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Edison </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> invented the use of compressed air amplifiers to deal with the low sound volume problem during the </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> reproduction. British Horace Short </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> and </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> C.A. Parsons </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> achieved the manufacture of such amplifiers, the </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Auxetophones, that were finally used in other applications</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1877</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">- </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">In April</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">, another </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> French </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Charles Cros, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> poet and inventor of the color photographic development</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> proposed the improvement of </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Scott</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">’s method with </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> photoengraving</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> of the trace on metal</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">, </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> with the possibility of tracing the model resulting in the reproduction of the initial sound</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">- </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">In July,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Thomas Alva Edison </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> invented a method of recording and reproducing sound following a method different than the one of </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Scott and Cros. He applied for a patent in the UK and on December 24<sup>th</sup> he made the same application in the USA that included the talking appliances and the sound recorders that later became known as phonographs. The first phonographs used cylinders covered </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> with a tin foil</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" valign="top" style="width: 42.55pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"><b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">1857</span></b></font></td> <td width="567" valign="top" style="width: 15.0cm; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" align="left"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#2F2D2E"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> French </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> Leon Scott </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> creates the </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> phonautograph </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> that transformed a variable air pressure to a visible trace on a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">smoked</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">” </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma"> cylinder with the use of a needle attached on a membrane</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Tahoma">. This sound recording could not be reproduced</span></font></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="Object4139"><span class="textstyle1">1857-1900</span></div> <div class="Object4140"><span class="textstyle1"><a href="history2_en.html">1901-1950</a></span></div> <div class="Object4141"><span class="textstyle1"><a href="history3_en.html">1951-2000</a></span></div> <div class="Object4142"><span class="textstyle1"><a href="history4_en.html">2001-2010</a></span></div> <div class="Object4143"><span class="textstyle2"><a href="Main_en.html">Main</a></span></div> <div class="Object4144"><span class="textstyle2"><a href="structure_en.html">Structure</a></span></div> <div class="Object4145"><span class="textstyle2"><a href="mission_en.html">Mission</a></span></div> <div class="Object4146"><span class="textstyle2"><a href="resources_en.html">Resources</a></span></div> <div class="Object4147"><span class="textstyle2"><a href="contact_en.html">Contact</a></span></div> </div> </body> </html>