CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91356cfa7a2ef8f8',cH: 'Z1ndmvG_it3mw6kaC0Or73pWRwJq32pUIswQ0NHfIFY-1739791620-1.2.1.1-Zl4M5Y6S.6kb2wbcxmgGoLsnbs2fQym8Ydz1_uu6W.8q3xm4yna0QRFHD6xB5Q4i',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassma%20Finner%20Sultan&__cf_chl_tk=VkEW0vwElMS7TKe_YJDc74TMHbodCMx2b_RiCPOUtnc-1739791620-1.0.1.1-iBpQxYbXkyzcIzliUGcwxiBcd1bibo3CVwfQQbfRDp4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791620',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassma%20Finner%20Sultan&__cf_chl_f_tk=VkEW0vwElMS7TKe_YJDc74TMHbodCMx2b_RiCPOUtnc-1739791620-1.0.1.1-iBpQxYbXkyzcIzliUGcwxiBcd1bibo3CVwfQQbfRDp4",md: "bDGIKpga7WtpUGoAo9j0gMX3scBt.oAEuj1xSJ6paaA-1739791620-1.2.1.1-Usg1OM3jCHNYBPU3UNnooJkIJWAfm_LcELZm17ZOS56nIyFLNnib4GC7.CcEWUGrQn1ux3mNvG.9oP1lOU4pmM3qq94gkQae.qQ3epyAX95ndJsH.inljWrNX8xu6E0AV9uJw3tVNe6bnQ3XvdOhnLmYkCHM5jGIUNn6feW9rCh_h1nJr7BvXGw_zcVGPl7pRlN15ittqH0kG1eTJZ0gNOonFhUgXTLbR8Ka2GPpGS_RIKcx8d28dZIV7gtjyd_dJM_apvBawVv16e6FvTQk6iZt9anTcJJS48pkMjziEV.yUGxphNbpeo.CL49Emv_LagisGiDUqm8VULAe429q7IOtE4qDVA9OZHbXoVSfGAlJg8T17WFS89FtEMxvlNjE0Xpr_0WUlT9NxKYXoX2oy0pbibMbvFB3T83d_qyTLieiwmT0qr.IZQZuKEJEpjP5X45IxVH4FgfwEEoAxLQBOZb3TcfEdgRpMjgCdtLAeNr4RMSHstuWopa77UmnHBF1BjAVQW6KSUhwJxmiFcAxx6as6nLKi3N2.LnOnbCD_2sDDJw5IJbBvAc2N.oImTxM22EAtWA_74ncqOyMMSLnMN8uoYgLWAGq0bwbNcT7JcuzZgvxEwTsLmI41dQS0uTQRLOhUOJsLpJdh02J9VS0liNAOjDm8lyscGFGjLZt1qCKf6L5uLsuFieCw279ssi1inBF39JRZ_DZa.mUh1Gt3IRgm.RCPXlL6gyKdQHGKP4cJh3iXp9hGQ1nhWhqzVm2rv5ACjHUuPQem3h2WNibzS4IWiAEdUiv2KaHS2bXUzWX186w5.7YIiURMJSVfF4LgUPFknJ9FdnFVXXq1OfqPPcTBLrWXjpAs6s8lJ23D4AEil35N3LftIWyy7FxJqLrCnhoWPpBFOSKNoUlokrbr1m922AgqRRBu4ZWm86POPqyAj49RrXtPK9GnRQo_c6hMo.GXsZCLojXSDdy2PUYwiy5hhB7b2hTjxz3ZwAaUp7cUpam6FEKl7zHUNQsnW8FIMQ3z9E9NfBTyi2yx6x4QX9RJw2IPck7a7EarJjC.OcTXzDEUi8bkje8sPI_7O3t5Z9WgZN53nAR2aFoWNb.Tlyo6.85q0gGOYUS7CrrVPwAAZrryuc.jj9cNx5bhd.Kwl9J4k1nyV00woKEnOxWQXmJQQbuwIUB7EJuE3rVhXT9L5Z90H9kkEDv8NXf5ao1CusPZIuE1tUVs1gJc_2FZZslHjXXb7DQ.Da6pgHorkjFIkcWyJGSjvMe0WE4NpGWgMTd6NT2fgQRy8xb6cf5x0zhfmNshZhLB2YoOvLs2UPwa7IN8ViGzYcgra4f9vQz7tUSrrqOl3yMe75gBeCYIdQ4mqoVgcyylTcfR0c0sQBXP82JdFJXNh9zP14931miYF3Hr2SHLMdwL57Ue_oCXWagQNVZbM.BNj4SqSSJm16aS5RWfnqNVeyUCC_57jSDtMKB2eRXQxxgeqO.CsiOy4dP_iX83xpR8nV.xsQArBUCh5YtXFQkorZJdZih7GJpetn.6MhguzK4VXa.tIzaIMmRyVj_8tjfbCOcN1lZrpmtuTcbMSko4aMZpkF4YSCzNBVw7AefQa4r.EbT0ip57.nYq6ZSj7kMOB4UnRyw9iJsxp3k4kA6ink5d6bDJdvJV6eMhwmFGkmy7DcpniV_hQKSi_UPe0Vj4Fb5vwLrTuiyHbEyDM_NMtozwkOg7WMx30ug3yAXBfK3Xn0xCzpN15AAEO9Jx8OJ0nv3btYlifqJaKE3qyIH6IR5OwS82xCr_Z7ZUjKXJjsNhCsg0CVwdfx3tKFUVQIewLpS1a8VzKbmxwr1mDW..g4TZiZqMYwzoHE7CCn1.kOrZLJbV3mUOGyGoR_Z8DC4N9ElAwBopbD8nYTtjtulGMuDY2vksa2TOj3RVt9VeXncsN7NiO1.j3N4quNSb5U_Db7QpK03CJ2ztZExQcXo7ZYOXSUD5rjz",mdrd: "UjJm06frEThmlwKZ.u.CFEikYeICKT42yfSCYaatO3s-1739791620-1.2.1.1-C18NBH2LHgm8ERVnttE6J7u0SzjckBTqZgfMZPBldiJJFhRsDC7PClFwQ_g0RwdTV3A7_9hXg3YAKWIfQEw3_RLc02.D5BEJs6xn1lBI_B9FjQXHd_sjkuJA4ccIQux9jxu3KJLgytsbiMoXvvmBU5fE.a0AX8EosDTwRrtzFIe9eRpE.vKWkUVSEOcsnuagSTnHxcnN1l.OQqUSLnQ2Jq.CHf.26oeRDpLmvpHlXA.FZwF2PZuO6KFc58XxaORHJ0_2EMMCesxmeroMyadvi8TDtQHUxO3TTUGlF.vr9VGyBUWNOKwMNLnY79caMGocioB_Wb9zMiMagkWsviBMuukSfdDE2miEFDBR8s5Q1TZnaysO8XICMM5wee4vlLJm75XuyeuQl7hfvXfbLEZQEBvjAFDzABSyF0mppe6Ctr.Rc1Sxd6A3Tyr5V4ehawlHCDz8gbBM5dWjDNRZyAZv0NB77lkWgs1YHptFU3fG_qgJ2SalRIcyqKYzxJEEWTaWUbajJQn5UnJQgR6COLsAZZAC1Mu1V_Wx4s8mFToqrgz4K5Yd4GaHxq3JlikdVvmQ3Ucq6BKUjg2_uk9ol_9rsXJc0Rbxah_AUrMObUu2MKuYgfIDmpP3NPjy3Z3jy8X1EZqcDa7tCZVp7HLbsrziv2NPpZ4hSQmu5jSdOjXU.wO9O7zy.sj71vOjxDMC56PkmM9GikBlN28yre6RzcGbPxUQI2yCK9nIy7Vcs8rflTeqe3887DSUFXk19qvx_jCPvA22gqzZitos0Cnv35pY7qdi4HbfpoVIDgeFZgqgHXza9TN2F3dg_4Cb.3ICdaig_Am4BCB94R43fdQMYix8mbJs80PgSF_YvxgQCh7jvNHdyRCxGeNjgQ.T4S9DWmxMqGm3WX1TU5wy4.ULDUssFfkdMnoItv6RPhR92GuitqZl5yaDqJdYl3yPZJlxubFWIgot9Y4Uc2LF3JNMenHD9OyeaVj9yGXQAK6qKf7FHo.eQy82QNbXo8SaeY6Ys98FuvXjVceuvIGDa_PNjGF8PwWzMOE7YpIQDwSUGKOUEeR6VNwdLXPUFXfJCewCbgOZYi8KLGd20L5PaZK1Bus3qvLuEvDX6cAcT0UP4RB.UsF3QbwV8Pn52jmmGLxwuavwZYLkCWqNYNJgAkgfPOdEW6vNgPUvDVdCV2bIUWg11TnttOmSR_.hfVFGOhh3yvBzgtCEQ9RshCTCAyjwSgHsTyU4rct8T7EnwhUFEu6RVvuEJKzPyqW5O8WZF_SM3aKa4cNKjbC79BNfqpzxOm6I4Kk0GZhEYtNoUfesK33z8UVAcN4bmQ2N2f_zb_Jk7Uds1RnhPTz0TSiKgRo268Jv58vXi4C4Try2V2R2lJWanRnkDbuWwu7TwO7_ib0qnPqE.IUAuez4UYWAZctacCYNhfBNMsgiEMQJ8s.RdQtoYoL0Ver8fz7DPCmWr4mrzqym6nbQo2qnfSeUzyKr_q5E8gS7efQ8l9RB1dOFVQ8cR0_nlpBS7OkWGfogSRKVgsSVloQuQ1nugHYIq4nKRkEjHgbSTkDz1fB0V0nDpQh2DXa5E.71S4rxt1jktDu9wymzmXJMA0Da1a8cADVbQqE7R.v7z3gGr_oz7422A.RQio13S2jNa_TEnn03KGbJZ7pl8Ecx7SDDx_5BGfm89zUnAUT._ifTbBW8hjWOkTHnmY4TJxPVnUQtF7VPoBmxdLt29sCFCS07.eKkIYTgzSUTKNDSEKI99uU9ft7ylokZzIWND.LonXwGq05UJikPMaNK9lpbSGsLNqMlazddQkiGgVxciQBSUvORi9SRFDijhHLD6ehn9Bx3U1GRLlJv3edP3V4.l_EiJLizQZYFcnS9yZ.TVXvUpiLJXsv19qyk_yv.i7i7noSxojhIppDN6FallruRfiTywmCeMFolpKgx8Q9u.YLehlzv6AG6zv6IclwymYDB8M2VTPQiBN0yTNcs"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91356cfa7a2ef8f8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassma%20Finner%20Sultan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=VkEW0vwElMS7TKe_YJDc74TMHbodCMx2b_RiCPOUtnc-1739791620-1.0.1.1-iBpQxYbXkyzcIzliUGcwxiBcd1bibo3CVwfQQbfRDp4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>