CINXE.COM
Master's Degree in Global Business & Society (MMS: GBS) | Yale School of Management
<!-- som.yale.edu _ , _ () _ ' ) / // /\ / // / / __. // _ / ) _. /_ __ __ // (__/_(_/|_</_</_ /__/__(__/ /_(_)(_)</_ // (/ _ _ _ /) ' ) ) ) _/_ __ // / / / __. ____ __. _, _ ______ _ ____ / (_)//_ / ' (_(_/|_/ / <_(_/|_(_)_</_/ / / <_</_/ / <_<__ /> /| </ |/ Educating leaders for business & society --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120029812",accountID:"3387486",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwUPVlJbDhAJU1lXAgYOUFM=",licenseKey:"NRJS-9a9cccb33f0fcc3edf9",applicationID:"978557967"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="description" content="A year of advanced leadership training for MIM graduates of top business schools around the world." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mms-global-business-and-society" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="000f9f" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mms-global-business-and-society" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Master's Degree in Global Business & Society (MMS: GBS)" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A year of advanced leadership training for MIM graduates of top business schools around the world." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Master's Degree in Global Business & Society (MMS: GBS)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="A year of advanced leadership training for MIM graduates of top business schools around the world." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@YaleSOM" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mms-global-business-and-society" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"entityBundle":"program","entityId":"84","entityTitle":"Master\u2019s Degree in Global Business \u0026 Society","entityTaxonomy":[],"entityType":"node"});</script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style>html{box-sizing:border-box}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}body,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,figure,blockquote,dl,dd{margin:0}ul[role=list],ol[role=list]{list-style:none}html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}body{min-height:100vh;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;line-height:1.5}img,picture{max-width:100%;display:block}input,button,textarea,select{font:inherit}@media(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms !important;animation-iteration-count:1 !important;transition-duration:.01ms !important;scroll-behavior:auto !important}}.motion{padding:0 1rem}@media(min-width: 920px){.motion__grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}}@media(min-width: 920px){.motion__grid-item{margin-bottom:1rem;margin-right:1rem;width:49%}.motion__grid-item:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0}}.demo-motion{background-color:clr(yale-grey);border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer;padding:3rem;text-align:center}.demo-motion::before{content:"Duration: 0.3s";display:block}.demo-motion::after{content:"Timing Function: ease-in-out"}.demo-motion span{display:block;margin:.25rem}.demo-motion--fade{transition:all .3s ease-in-out 0ms}.demo-motion--fade:hover,.demo-motion--fade:focus{background-color:clr(accent-high);color:clr(muted)}.demo-motion--slide-up{transition:transform .4s ease-in 0ms}.demo-motion--slide-up::before{content:"Duration: 0.4s";display:block}.demo-motion--slide-up::after{content:"Timing Function: ease-in"}.demo-motion--slide-up:hover,.demo-motion--slide-up:focus{transform:translateY(-10px)}.demo-motion--slide-down{transition:transform .2s linear 0ms}.demo-motion--slide-down::before{content:"Duration: 0.2s";display:block}.demo-motion--slide-down::after{content:"Timing Function: linear"}.demo-motion--slide-down:hover,.demo-motion--slide-down:focus{transform:translateY(10px)}.demo-motion--expand{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(0.17, 0.67, 0.83, 0.67) 0ms}.demo-motion--expand::before{content:"Duration: 0.3s";display:block}.demo-motion--expand::after{content:"Timing Function: cubic-bezier(.17,.67,.83,.67)"}.demo-motion--expand:hover,.demo-motion--expand:focus{transform:scale(1.03)}.menu__close-sub{--button-border: 0;--button-background-color: transparent;--button-padding: 0;--link-border: 0;--link-background-color: transparent;--link-padding: 0}:root [data-theme=default] *::selection{background:#000f9f;color:#fff}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container,.site-header--center .site-header__cta,.site-header__home-link,.site-header__cta,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open],.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link,[data-component-theme=dark]{--color: #bec8e0;--color-deemphasis: #9babd0;--border-color: #fff;--button-color: #fff;--heading-color: #fff;--link-color: #fff;--link-color-hover: #bec8e0;--paragraph-color: #bec8e0;--gn-logo-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-text-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-shield-outline-color: #9CB6D3}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h2,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h2,.site-header__home-link h2,.site-header__cta h2,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h2,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h2,[data-component-theme=dark] h2,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h3,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h3,.site-header__home-link h3,.site-header__cta h3,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h3,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h3,[data-component-theme=dark] h3,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h4,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h4,.site-header__home-link h4,.site-header__cta h4,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h4,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h4,[data-component-theme=dark] h4,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h5,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h5,.site-header__home-link h5,.site-header__cta h5,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h5,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h5,[data-component-theme=dark] h5,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h6,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h6,.site-header__home-link h6,.site-header__cta h6,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h6,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h6,[data-component-theme=dark] h6{--color: #fff}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container svg:not(a svg),.site-header--center .site-header__cta svg:not(a svg),.site-header__home-link svg:not(a svg),.site-header__cta svg:not(a svg),.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] svg:not(a svg),.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link svg:not(a svg),[data-component-theme=dark] svg:not(a svg){fill:var(--svg-fill-color, #fff)}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container *::selection,.site-header--center .site-header__cta *::selection,.site-header__home-link *::selection,.site-header__cta *::selection,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] *::selection,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link *::selection,[data-component-theme=dark] *::selection{background:#fff;color:#000f9f}.site-header__menu,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{scrollbar-color:var(--custom-scrollbar-color, #bec8e0) rgba(0,0,0,0);scrollbar-width:.5rem}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:.5rem}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track{box-shadow:none}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{background-color:var(--custom-scrollbar-track, #000f9f)}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--custom-scrollbar-color, #bec8e0)}.node__header--story .node__summary,.node__header--story .node__metadata,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text,.hero-animation__heading,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.heading:not(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){--link-font-weight: 800;color:var(--heading-color, var(--color, inherit));font-size:var(--heading-font-size, var(--font-size, clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.4907292954rem + 0.5658563384vw), 1rem )));font-family:var(--heading-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-weight:var(--heading-font-weight, 800);letter-spacing:var(--heading-letter-spacing, -0.02rem);line-height:var(--heading-line-height, var(--line-height, 1.618));margin:var(--heading-margin, 0 0 0.25em);text-wrap:var(--heading-text-wrap)}h1,.heading--xl{--heading-font-size: clamp( 2.3211991627rem, calc(1.8430321352rem + 2.125186789vw), 3.7557002452rem );--heading-line-height: 1.1278325626;--heading-margin: 0 0 0.6180469716em;--heading-text-wrap: balance}.node__header--podcast .node__title,.hero-animation__heading,h2,.heading--l{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.4346101129rem, calc(1.1390804297rem + 1.3134652589vw), 2.3211991627rem );--heading-line-height: 1.2720062893}.node__header--story .node__summary,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text,h3,.heading--m{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.1278325626rem, calc(1.0255733792rem + 0.4544852597vw), 1.4346101129rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h4,.heading--s{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h5,.heading--xs{--color: #001c42;--heading-font-size: clamp( 0.7861596349rem, calc(0.7148795132rem + 0.3168005409vw), 1rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h6,.heading--2xs{--color: #001c42;--heading-font-size: clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.5620094171rem + 0.2490557975vw), 0.7861596349rem );--heading-line-height: 1.618}.menu__button-inner{display:inline;-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-underline-size, 0.125em);-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-underline-offset:var(--link-underline-offset, 0.125em);transition:all 200ms ease-in-out}.menu__button-inner:hover,.menu__button-inner:focus-visible{--link-underline-offset: var(--link-underline-offset-hover, 0em);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-hover-size, 0.125em)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link,.menu a,.menu__link,.menu__expand-button .menu__title,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link,.text-long a,p a,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a,a figcaption,a p.has-style-annotation{display:var(--link-text-display, inline);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-underline-size, 0.125em);-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-underline-offset:var(--link-underline-offset, 0.125em)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link:hover,.menu a:hover,.menu__link:hover,.menu__expand-button .menu__title:hover,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link:hover,.text-long a:hover,p a:hover,h1 a:hover,h2 a:hover,h3 a:hover,h4 a:hover,h5 a:hover,h6 a:hover,a figcaption:hover,a p.has-style-annotation:hover,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link:focus-visible,.menu a:focus-visible,.menu__link:focus-visible,.menu__expand-button .menu__title:focus-visible,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link:focus-visible,.text-long a:focus-visible,p a:focus-visible,h1 a:focus-visible,h2 a:focus-visible,h3 a:focus-visible,h4 a:focus-visible,h5 a:focus-visible,h6 a:focus-visible,a figcaption:focus-visible,a p.has-style-annotation:focus-visible{--link-underline-offset: var(--link-underline-offset-hover, 0em);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-hover-size, 0.3125em)}.text-long>div,p{color:var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, inherit));font-size:var(--paragraph-font-size, var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem )));font-weight:var(--paragraph-font-weight, var(--font-weight, 300));font-family:var(--paragraph-font-family, var(--font-family, inherit));line-height:var(--paragraph-line-height, var(--line-height, 1.618));margin:var(--paragraph-margin, 0 0 1em)}.node__header--event .node__event-details{font-size:var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem ));font-family:var(--font-family, YaleNew, Times New Roman, serif);line-height:var(--font-line-height, 1.618)}p.has-size-xl{--font-size: clamp( 2.3211991627rem, calc(1.8430321352rem + 2.125186789vw), 3.7557002452rem );--line-height: 1.1278325626}.site-header__cta-text,p.has-size-lg{--font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.0099729937rem + 1.1645924249vw), 2.0581061761rem );--line-height: 1.2720062893}.text__byline{--font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem )}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after .details-with-image,p.has-size-sm,figcaption,p.has-style-annotation{--font-size: clamp( 0.7861596349rem, calc(0.7148795132rem + 0.3168005409vw), 1rem )}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__description{position:absolute !important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);overflow:hidden;height:1px;width:1px;word-wrap:normal}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:112.5%;scroll-padding-top:6.25rem}body{--header-menu-top: 0px;--content-safe-area-left: 1rem;--content-safe-area-right: 1rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;color:#121212;background-color:#fff;font-size:var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem ));font-family:var(--paragraph-font-family, YaleNew, Times New Roman, serif);line-height:var(--paragraph-line-height, var(--font-line-height, 1.618));overflow-x:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){body{--content-safe-area-left: 2.617924rem;--content-safe-area-right: 2.617924rem}}body.toolbar-horizontal:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)),body.toolbar-vertical:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)){--header-menu-top: 39px}body.toolbar-horizontal.toolbar-tray-open:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)){--header-menu-top: 79px}*,*::after,*::before{box-sizing:inherit}.main{max-width:1368px;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block}@media(min-width: 480px){.main{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 1368px){.main{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(1368px / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(1368px / 2)) )}}.visually-hidden{position:absolute !important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);overflow:hidden;height:1px;width:1px;word-wrap:normal}*::selection{background:#000f9f;color:#fff}button{background-color:var(--button-background-color, transparent);border:var(--button-border, none);border-color:var(--button-border-color, transparent);color:var(--button-color, var(--c-yale-blue));cursor:pointer;display:var(--button-display, inherit);font-family:var(--button-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--button-font-size, inherit);font-weight:var(--button-font-weight, 800);line-height:var(--button-line-height, 1);padding:var(--button-padding, 0);margin:var(--button-margin, 0);text-align:var(--button-text-align, center);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--button-text-decoration, none);text-decoration:var(--button-text-decoration, none);transition:var(--button-transition, all 0.25s)}button:focus{outline:.0625rem dotted;outline-offset:.125rem}[data-whatintent=keyboard] button:focus{outline:.3125rem solid}button:not([disabled]):hover,button:not([disabled]):focus{background-color:var(--button-background-color-hover, var(--button-background-color));border-color:var(--button-border-color-hover, var(--button-border-color));color:var(--button-color-hover, var(--button-color));outline-color:var(--button-outline-color-hover, var(--button-border-color))}button[disabled]{opacity:.5;cursor:auto}.figure{margin:0}.figure__caption{--icon-width: 1rem;--icon-height: 1rem;margin-top:.5em}.icon{max-width:100%;height:var(--icon-height, inherit);width:var(--icon-width, inherit)}.icons-demo{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.icons-demo .icon{height:100px;padding:1rem;width:100px}@media(prefers-color-scheme: dark){.icons-demo .icon{fill:var(--c-accent-high)}}.icons-demo pre{background-color:var(--c-muted);font-size:.8rem;margin:0;text-align:center}.icons-demo__item{border:1px solid var(--c-muted);margin:1rem}img,picture{display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%}svg{fill:var(--svg-fill-color, inherit);max-width:100%;height:var(--svg-height, inherit);width:var(--svg-width, inherit)}figure{margin:0}figcaption,p.has-style-annotation{color:var(--figcaption-color, var(--color, #707070));font-family:var(--figcaption-font-family, "neue-haas-unica", "HelveticaNeue", "Arial", sans-serif);font-size:var(--figcaption-font-size, var(--font-size, inherit))}a figcaption,a p.has-style-annotation{--link-text-decoration: none;--link-text-display: block;color:var(--link-color, #000f9f)}.yalesom-logo{height:var(--logo-height, auto);width:var(--logo-width, 100%)}a{--svg-fill-color: var(--link-color, #000f9f);background-color:var(--link-background-color, transparent);border:var(--link-border, none);border-color:var(--link-border-color, inherit);color:var(--link-color, #000f9f);cursor:var(--link-cursor, pointer);display:var(--link-display, inline);font-family:var(--link-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--link-font-size, inherit);font-weight:var(--link-font-weight, 300);letter-spacing:var(--link-letter-spacing, inherit);line-height:var(--link-line-height, inherit);margin:var(--link-margin, 0);padding:var(--link-padding, 0);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, none);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, none);text-transform:var(--link-text-transform, inherit);transition:var(--link-transition, all 0.25s)}a:focus-visible{--link-text-decoration-hover: none;outline:.3125rem solid var(--link-outline-color, var(--link-color, #000f9f));outline-offset:.125rem}a:hover{--svg-fill-color: var(--link-color-hover);background-color:var(--link-background-color-hover, var(--link-background-color));border-color:var(--link-border-color-hover, var(--link-border-color));color:var(--link-color-hover, var(--link-color, #000f9f));outline-color:var(--link-outline-color-hover, var(--link-border-color))}.link{--link-font-weight: 800}.link--external,a[rel=external]{--link-margin: 0 1.25em 0 0;position:relative}.link--external .icon,a[rel=external] .icon{bottom:0;fill:var(--svg-fill-color, currentColor);height:.625em;position:absolute;translate:.25em -0.25em;width:.625em;vertical-align:bottom}@supports(-moz-appearance: none){.link--external .icon,a[rel=external] .icon{margin-left:-0.875em;position:relative;translate:.875em -0.25em}}a[href*=".doc"]::before,a[href*=".docx"]::before,a[href*=".xlsx"]::before,a[href*=".xls"]::before,a[href*=".pdf"]::before{-webkit-mask:url("../images/icons/download.svg") no-repeat center/contain;background-color:var(--svg-fill-color, currentColor);-webkit-mask-size:cover;mask-size:cover;background-size:1rem 1rem;width:1rem;height:1rem;position:relative;display:inline-block;margin-right:.25rem;opacity:1;transform:translateY(10%);content:""}.heading--thick{--heading-margin: 0 0 1em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.2360828548em solid currentColor}.heading--thin{--heading-margin: 0 0 0.3819820591em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.1459102934em solid currentColor}.heading--left{text-align:left}.heading--center{text-align:center}.heading--right{text-align:right}.heading--light{--heading-font-weight: 300}blockquote{--font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.1566750524rem + 0.5125832751vw), 1.618rem );--line-height: 1.2720062893;--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.5em;margin:var(--blockquote-margin, 2em 0);padding-left:var(--blockquote-padding-left, 1.618em);border-left:var(--blockquote-border-color, var(--color)) solid .2360828548em}@container (width < 17.9420103827rem){blockquote{--font-size: 1.2720062893rem}}blockquote>p{display:inline;position:relative}blockquote>p:first-of-type::before{content:open-quote;color:var(--blockquote-color, var(--color, inherit));display:block;font-size:clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(1.2060566434rem + 6.2749660293vw), 6.8535260698rem );left:0;line-height:.618;position:absolute;translate:-100% 0}blockquote>p:last-of-type::after{font-size:var(--font-size);line-height:var(--line-height);content:close-quote;color:var(--blockquote-color, var(--color, inherit));display:inline}blockquote .quote-attribution{color:var(--blockquote-attribution-color, var(--color, #707070))}hr,.hr{margin:2.617924rem 0;background:var(--hr-color, var(--color, #121212));border-style:solid;border-width:2px 0 0;border-color:var(--hr-color, var(--color, #121212))}.hr--shield{height:1.75rem;border:none;background:url("../images/icons/shield.svg") no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%}.hr--thick{margin:4.235801032rem 0;border-width:.625rem}p:last-of-type{--paragraph-margin: 0}p.has-margin-lg{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 2.617924em}p.has-margin-sm{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.6180469716em}p.has-style-annotation{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.25em}p.heading{--heading-font-weight: 300;--heading-margin: 0 0 1em}p.text-align-right{margin-left:auto;text-align:right}p a{--link-font-size: 89%;--link-font-weight: 800}strong{font-weight:800}span{font-size:var(--span-font-size, var(--font-size, inherit));line-height:var(--span-line-height, var(--line-height, inherit))}.text__byline{margin-top:1.618rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.text--left{border-left:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-left:1.618rem}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.text--right{border-right:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-right:1.618rem}}.text--top{border-top:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-top:1rem}.text--bottom{border-bottom:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-bottom:1rem}.text-long{max-width:80ch}.text-long h2:not(:first-child),.text-long h3:not(:first-child),.text-long h4:not(:first-child),.text-long h5:not(:first-child),.text-long h6:not(:first-child){--heading-margin: 1em 0 0.25em}.text-long h2+h2,.text-long h2+h3,.text-long h2+h4,.text-long h2+h5,.text-long h2+h6,.text-long h3+h2,.text-long h3+h3,.text-long h3+h4,.text-long h3+h5,.text-long h3+h6,.text-long h4+h2,.text-long h4+h3,.text-long h4+h4,.text-long h4+h5,.text-long h4+h6,.text-long h5+h2,.text-long h5+h3,.text-long h5+h4,.text-long h5+h5,.text-long h5+h6,.text-long h6+h2,.text-long h6+h3,.text-long h6+h4,.text-long h6+h5,.text-long h6+h6{margin-top:0}.text-long li a{--link-font-size: 89%;--link-font-weight: 800}article>.text-long{margin-bottom:var(--layout-margin-bottom, 1rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){article>.text-long{max-width:var(--layout-width, min(66.67%, 75.9987860952rem * 0.667))}}.toggle{--toggle-weight: 0.125em;display:inline-block;position:relative}.toggle--hamburger{overflow:hidden}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1{transform:translateY(calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.25))}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4{transform:translateY(calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.25))}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{display:block;left:100%;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-48%)}.toggle--plus::after{transform:rotate(90deg)}.toggle--down-caret::after,.toggle--down-caret::before{--toggle-top: calc(50% + var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.375);--toggle-width: calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.5);right:0}.toggle--down-caret::before{transform:translate(calc(-75% + var(--toggle-weight)), calc(var(--toggle-weight) * 0.5)) rotate(45deg);transform-origin:right top}.toggle--down-caret::after{transform:translate(calc(25% + var(--toggle-weight) * -0.25), 0) rotate(-45deg);transform-origin:left bottom}.toggle--down-caret .toggle__label{padding-right:calc(var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em))*.75)}.toggle--thin{--toggle-weight: 0.0625em}.toggle--count-0::after,.toggle--count-0::before{content:""}.toggle__bar,.toggle--count-0::after,.toggle--count-0::before{background-color:var(--toggle-color, currentColor);border-top:var(--toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color, currentColor);border-bottom:var(--toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color, currentColor);height:0;position:absolute;display:block;top:var(--toggle-top, calc(50% - var(--toggle-weight)));transition:all 200ms ease-in-out,transform 200ms ease-in-out 200ms;width:var(--toggle-width, 100%)}.toggle--count-0{min-height:var(--toggle-height, var(--toggle-size, 1em));min-width:var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em))}.toggle__bars,.toggle--count-0{position:relative}.toggle__bars{display:block;height:var(--toggle-height, var(--toggle-size, 1em));width:var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em));transition:transform 200ms ease-in-out 200ms}.toggle__label{display:none;font-size:var(--toggle-label-size, 61.8%);left:100%;transition:all 100ms ease-out 100ms}.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{left:0;opacity:1}.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3{width:0}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1{opacity:0;transform:rotate(-200%)}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2{transform:rotate(45deg);width:100%}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3{transform:rotate(135deg);width:100%}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4{opacity:0;transform:rotate(200%)}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{opacity:0}[open] .toggle.toggle--plus::after,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--plus::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}[open] .toggle.toggle--down-caret::before,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--down-caret::before{transform:translate(calc(-100% + var(--toggle-weight)), calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.5 - var(--toggle-weight) * -0.5)) rotate(-45deg)}[open] .toggle.toggle--down-caret::after,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--down-caret::after{transform:translate(calc(0% + var(--toggle-weight) * -0.25), calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.5)) rotate(45deg)}.teaser--ampersand{--hero-bg-color: #000f9f;background-color:var(--hero-bg-color);display:grid;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden;position:relative;min-height:80vh;min-height:80dvh;transition:height 200ms ease-in-out}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand{min-height:37.5rem}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1/-1}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand{z-index:11}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand{inset:-3%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;text-align:center}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand svg,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand svg{isolation:isolate;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:106%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand path,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand path{position:relative}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:75.9987860952rem;width:100%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content{--color: #fff;--link-color: #fff;--teaser-font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem );--heading-font-weight: 300;--font-family: neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;--paragraph-line-height: 1.618;align-items:center;background-color:var(--hero-bg-color);clip-path:polygon(0% 50%, 0% 50%, 100% 50%, 100% 50%);display:grid;margin:20vh 0;margin:20dvh 0;overflow:hidden;padding:1.618rem;position:static;transition:clip-path 236ms ease-in-out;z-index:12}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content{gap:1.618rem;isolation:isolate;margin:0 auto;clip-path:polygon(50% 0%, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, 50% 100%);width:max(34.375rem, 38.19%)}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link{--link-text-decoration: none}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading{display:block}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__text{display:inline}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__text *{display:inline;font-size:inherit}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand{mix-blend-mode:multiply;z-index:-1}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{color:#fff;font-size:clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(1.6945768157rem + 4.1037652635vw), 5.3879655529rem );font-family:"Stencil","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;line-height:.75}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;overflow:hidden;z-index:1}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr;max-height:max(80vh,37.5rem)}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container>.media{background-color:#000f9f;overflow:hidden}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container img,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container picture{height:100%;width:100%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.8}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{align-self:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25em;max-width:100vw;padding:0 var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left);translate:0 -5%;z-index:10}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:0;justify-content:center;text-align:center}}html:where(:not(.js)) .teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{z-index:12}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{--span-font-size: 200%;flex:0 1 0%;-webkit-hyphens:initial;-ms-hyphens:initial;hyphens:initial;max-width:100%;opacity:0;word-wrap:break-word}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{--span-font-size: 100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-hyphens:inherit;-ms-hyphens:inherit;hyphens:inherit}}html:where(:not(.js)) .teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{opacity:1}.teaser--ampersand #outline-ampersand{stroke-width:.125rem;fill:none;stroke:#fff;stroke-linecap:round;z-index:-1}.teaser--ampersand #overlay-ampersand,.teaser--ampersand #solid-ampersand{fill:#000f9f;transform-origin:center center}.teaser--ampersand .animated-arrow{display:block;transform:translate(0, 33%)}.teaser--ampersand[data-has-story] .teaser__content{clip-path:polygon(0% 0%, 100% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%)}.teaser--ampersand:not([data-animation-state]) .teaser__word{opacity:0}.teaser--ampersand:not([data-animation-state]) .teaser__media-container .media{opacity:0}.hero-animation{--heading-font-family: Stencil, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;--heading-font-weight: 300;--heading-margin: 0;background-color:var(--hero-animation-bg-color, #001c42);color:var(--hero-animation-color, #fff);display:grid;position:relative;overflow:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation{min-height:50vh}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.hero-animation{min-height:61.8vh}}.hero-animation__container{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;width:100%;padding:1rem 0;z-index:1}.hero-animation__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 4.7772743326rem, calc(1.6679376662rem + 13.8192740733vw), 14.1052843321rem );--heading-line-height: 0.6970534998;align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:95%;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;text-shadow:0 4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.25);transform:translateY(1rem);text-transform:lowercase}.hero-animation__heading span{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(0.5846559118rem + 9.0367470586vw), 8.7177282646rem );flex-direction:row;justify-content:center}}.hero-animation__heading-divider{font-size:clamp( 22.8223500493rem, calc(14.7728602028rem + 35.7755104293vw), 46.9708195891rem );opacity:0;transform:scale(0.75);transform-origin:left center;transition:transform 300ms ease-in-out 0ms,opacity 100ms ease-in 0ms}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__heading-divider{font-size:clamp( 14.1052843321rem, calc(3.1501059131rem + 48.6896818622vw), 46.9708195891rem );left:50%;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:scale(0.75) translate(-50%, -37.5%)}}.hero-animation__image-container{display:grid;flex-direction:column;grid-column:1;grid-row:1;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;transition:all 200ms ease-in-out;z-index:0}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__image-container{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr}}.hero-animation__image{flex:1 1 100%;overflow:hidden}.hero-animation__image img{filter:saturate(1.5);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;height:100%;transform:scale(1.03);transition:transform 200ms ease-in-out;width:100%}.hero-animation__image picture{height:100%}.hero-animation__word{-webkit-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-align:center;transition:transform 300ms ease-in-out 0ms;width:100%}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word{flex:1 1 100%}}.hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(-100vw, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word--left{padding-right:13%;text-align:right}}.hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(100vw, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word--right{padding-left:13%;text-align:left}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word{transition-delay:600ms}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(0, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(-1rem, -0.125em)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__heading-divider{transition-delay:400ms;transform:scale(1) translateY(7.5%);opacity:1}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__heading-divider{transform:scale(1) translate(-50%, -37.5%)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(0, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(1rem, -0.125em)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate~.hero-animation__image-container{mix-blend-mode:lighten;opacity:.618}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate~.hero-animation__image-container .hero-animation__image img{filter:blur(3px);transform:scale(1.1)}.menu{--link-text-decoration: none;--link-color:#bec8e0;--link-text-decoration-hover: underline;--list-item-margin: 0;color:var(--menu-color, #bec8e0);font-family:var(--menu-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--menu-font-size, clamp( 0.8866564357rem, calc(0.8488752476rem + 0.1679163916vw), 1rem ));line-height:var(--menu-line-height, 1.2)}.menu__close-sub{cursor:pointer;color:currentColor;display:none;visibility:hidden}.menu__description{display:block}.menu__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.1566750524rem + 0.5125832751vw), 1.618rem );--heading-margin: 0}.menu__expand[open] .menu__list{opacity:1}.menu__expand-button{list-style:none}.menu__expand-button::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.menu__expand-button .menu__title{cursor:pointer;transition:all 100ms ease-in-out}.menu__link{--link-text-decoration: none}.menu__link[rel=external]{padding:0}.menu__link[rel=external] .icon{right:-0.875em}.menu__link--hidden{display:none}.menu__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.menu__list li::before{display:none}.menu__list--depth-1{opacity:0;transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out 100ms}.menu__section-title{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:0.6180469716rem}.menu__title{color:var(--menu-title-color, inherit);position:relative;text-align:left}.menu--breadcrumb{--link-color: #707070;--link-hover-size: 0.25rem;--menu-font-size: 0.75rem;color:#707070;margin-bottom:.3819820591rem}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__item::after{content:"/";display:inline-block;margin:0 .25em}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__item:last-child::after{content:""}#block-breadcrumbs{position:relative;z-index:1}.menu--secondary-menu{--icon-height: 1em;--icon-width: 1em;--menu-color: #000f9f;--link-color: #000f9f;--link-underline-color:#000f9f;--link-underline-offset: 0.375em;--link-underline-offset-hover: 0.25em;max-width:var(--site-secondary-nav-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button{--menu-title-color: #fff;--toggle-color: #fff}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{background-color:#000f9f}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{border:#9CB6D3 solid;border-width:.125rem .125rem 0}}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__list-container{border:#9CB6D3 solid;border-width:0 .125rem .125rem}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button{font-weight:800}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button{margin-top:-0.6180469716rem;padding:0.6180469716rem 0 0}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button .menu__title{margin-bottom:-0.3125em;padding-bottom:.3125em}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button::after{bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;content:"";left:-0.6180469716rem;position:absolute;top:0;width:max(100%, 18.75rem);z-index:-1}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:0px}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading{overflow:visible;position:relative;visibility:visible;width:auto}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text{--heading-margin: 0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item{padding:var(--menu-item-padding, 0.5em 0 0);position:relative;z-index:0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item[data-expanded=true]{z-index:10}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex-basis:100%}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0:nth-child(n+4) .menu__expand-button::after{width:max(100% + 1.618rem, 12.5rem)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0:nth-child(n+4) .menu__list-container{min-width:max(100% + 1.618rem, 12.5rem)}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex:0 0 auto;padding-top:0.6180469716rem}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--active.menu__item--depth-0 .menu__expand-button,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--active.menu__item--depth-0>[aria-current]{--link-text-decoration: underline;--link-underline-offset: 0.125em;--link-underline-size: 0.375rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item [aria-current]{--link-text-decoration: underline;--link-underline-offset: 0.125em;--link-underline-size: 0.125rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link{--link-underline-color:#fff}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0{--link-font-weight: 800}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0{--link-underline-color:#000f9f;margin:0;padding-bottom:.25em}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0 .menu__title{white-space:nowrap}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external]{padding-right:0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external] .icon{display:inline;position:static}@media(min-width: 1080px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external] .icon{transform:translateY(-0.1875rem)}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list{--toggle-width: 14px}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-0{display:none;margin-top:0}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-gap:1.2720062893rem;column-gap:1.2720062893rem;display:inline-flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:-0.6180469716rem;width:100%}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-1{--link-hover-size: 0.125rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-1 .menu__list{margin-left:1.618rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list-container{--link-color: #fff;--link-font-weight: 300;overflow:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list-container{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 0.6180469716rem 1rem;position:absolute;left:-0.6180469716rem;background-color:#000f9f;min-width:max(100%, 18.75rem);z-index:1}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{--link-color: #fff;--link-font-weight: 800;--link-underline-color: #fff;display:none;margin-bottom:0.6180469716rem;margin-top:0.6180469716rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle{--toggle-size: 1.618em;white-space:nowrap}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle::after,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle::before{--toggle-top: calc(50% + var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.125)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:inline-block}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:none}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__label{--toggle-label-size:clamp( 1.1278325626rem, calc(1.0255733792rem + 0.4544852597vw), 1.4346101129rem );display:block}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__shield{flex:0 0 1.618rem}[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{display:inline-block}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__list-container,[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{border:none}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title{margin-bottom:0}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:inline-block}@media(min-width: 768px){[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:none}}.menu--secondary-menu .icon--menu--search{translate:0 .125em}.secondary-nav{background-color:var(--menu-background-color, transparent);position:sticky;top:-12.5rem;transition:background-color 0ms ease-in-out,top 0ms ease-in-out;z-index:100}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav{margin-bottom:2.617924rem;z-index:10}}.secondary-nav .menu{padding-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav .menu{padding:0}}.secondary-nav .menu__shield{display:none}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav .menu__section-title .toggle{display:none}}.secondary-nav[stuck],.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]{margin-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left)*-1);margin-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right)*-1);padding:0 var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left)}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{margin-bottom:0;padding:.3819820591rem 0}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__section-title .toggle,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__section-title .toggle{display:block;flex:0 0 auto}.secondary-nav[stuck]{--menu-background-color: #fff;border:0 solid #121212;border-top-width:.6875rem;border-bottom-width:.0625rem;top:calc(var(--header-menu-top, 0));transition-duration:400ms}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__list--depth-0{display:none}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__shield{display:block}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open]{position:fixed;width:100%}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{height:calc(100vh - var(--header-menu-top, 0))}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]{--menu-background-color: #000f9f;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]:not([stuck]) .menu{margin-top:-.3819820591rem}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{height:calc(60vh - var(--header-menu-top, 0));overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex:0 0 auto}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{width:calc(50% - 1rem)}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{width:calc(25% - 1rem)}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{align-content:flex-start;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{height:90%;margin:0 0 0 calc(1.618rem + 1rem);min-height:56.25rem}}@media screen and (max-height: 37.5rem)and (min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{min-height:37.5rem}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{height:60%;max-height:25rem;min-height:auto}}@media(min-width: 1368px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{max-height:12.5rem}}@media screen and (max-height: 25rem)and (min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{max-height:auto;min-height:25rem}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button{margin:0;padding:0;pointer-events:none}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button::after,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button .toggle{display:none}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button .menu__title{--menu-title-color:#bec8e0}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__heading{--link-color:#fff;--link-underline-color:#fff}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__item--depth-0{--link-underline-color:#bec8e0;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;margin-bottom:1.618rem;page-break-inside:avoid}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__link--depth-0{--link-color:#bec8e0;--link-underline-color:#bec8e0;margin:0}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{display:block;-moz-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;margin-bottom:2.617924rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-count:4;column-count:4}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list-container{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);left:auto;padding:0;position:relative;min-width:auto}.node__header{--page-header-column-count: 12;--page-header-gap: 1.618rem;--paragraph-line-height: 1;background-color:var(--page-header-background, transparent);margin-bottom:1.618rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--portrait .node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 3}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--portrait .node__header-content{grid-column-end:span 9}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--square .node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 4}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--square .node__header-content{grid-column-end:span 8}}.node__header-container{align-items:center;display:grid;gap:var(--page-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-areas:"col-1";max-width:var(--page-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--page-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto)}.node__header-container>*{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count)}}.node__header-content{padding:1rem var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left)}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-content{grid-column:auto/span 6;padding:0}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-content>p{margin-right:16.67%}}.node__header-media{order:10}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 6;order:initial}}.node__header-media img{width:100%}.node__header-job-title,.node__header-program{font-style:italic}.node__header p:last-child{--paragraph-margin:0}.node__header--profile{--page-header-background: #bec8e0;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--profile .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--faculty{--page-header-background: #bec8e0;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--faculty .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--event{padding-top:1rem}.node__header--event .node__header-container{grid-template-rows:repeat(3, auto)}.node__header--event .node__header-content{display:contents}.node__header--event .node__header-media{grid-row:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__header-media,.node__header--event .node__event-details{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--event .node__event-details{--heading-font-weight: 300}.node__header--event .node__event-details .node__location-name{font-weight:800}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__register{grid-column:8/span 3;grid-row:2}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__register+.node__event-details{grid-column-end:8;grid-row:2}}.node__header--event .node__title{--heading-margin: 0}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__title,.node__header--event .node__title-group{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count);grid-row:1}}.node__header--event span[itemprop=addressLocality]::before{display:block;content:""}.node__header--podcast{--page-header-background: #b8b1ba;--paragraph-line-height: 1.5;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast.node__header--no-image .node__header-container{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast.node__header--no-image .node__header-content{grid-column:3/span 6}}.node__header--podcast .node__header-bug{font-family:neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast .node__header-bug *{display:inline}.node__header--podcast .node__header-after{background:#fff;padding-top:4.235801032rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--podcast .node__metadata{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.618rem .node__header--podcast .node__metadata -series;margin-bottom-width:100%}.node__header--podcast .node__audio .plyr{--plyr-control-icon-size: 1.618rem;--plyr-control-play-icon-size: 4.235801032rem}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{--icon-width: 3.3300157929rem;--icon-height: 3.3300157929rem;max-width:36.9265623798rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:flex;gap:1rem}@media(min-width: 480px){.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 36.9265623798rem){.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(36.9265623798rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(36.9265623798rem / 2)) )}}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-desc{flex:1 1 100%}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-icons{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:1rem;flex:0 1 auto}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-icons svg{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast .node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto);padding-top:1.618rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast .node__header-media{grid-column:9/span 3;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 7;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast.node__header--video .node__header-media{align-self:end;grid-column:6/span 6;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast.node__header--video .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 4;grid-row:1}}.node__header--podcast-series{--icon-height:1rem;--icon-width: 1rem;--page-header-background: #b8b1ba;--paragraph-line-height: 1.5;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast-series.node__header--no-image .node__header-container{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-bug{font-family:neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-content{font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after{background:#fff;padding-top:4.235801032rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem;padding-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left));padding-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after>*+*{margin-top:4.235801032rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after .details-with-image{margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta .link{--svg-width: 1rem;--svg-height: 1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta .link svg{vertical-align:middle}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription{--icon-width: 3.3300157929rem;--icon-height: 3.3300157929rem;display:flex;gap:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-desc{flex:1 1 100%}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-icons{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:1rem;flex:0 1 auto}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-icons svg{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto);padding-top:1.618rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-media{grid-column:9/span 3;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 7;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-experts,.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription{max-width:var(--layout-width, min(66.67%, 75.9987860952rem * 0.667));margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.node__header--story{padding-top:1rem}.node__header--story .node__header-content{display:contents}.node__header--story .node__header-media{order:10}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__header-media,.node__header--story .node__metadata{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--story .node__metadata{--heading-font-weight: 300}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__summary{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--story .node__title{--heading-margin: 0}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__title,.node__header--story .node__title-group{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count)}}.site-header{--site-header-column-count: 12;background-color:var(--site-header-bg-color, transparent);color:var(--site-header-color, var(--color, inherit));font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right);position:relative}.site-header>*{z-index:1;position:relative}.site-header__background{bottom:0;left:0;mix-blend-mode:soft-light;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:0}.site-header__background figure,.site-header__background picture{height:100%}.site-header__background img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.618;width:100%}.site-header__banner{align-items:center;border-bottom:.3819820591rem solid var(--site-header-color, var(--color, currentColor));display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--site-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr));height:7.5rem;max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative;z-index:1}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__banner{gap:var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--site-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr))}}.site-header__branding{grid-column-end:span 6}.site-header__cta{display:grid;gap:var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-header__cta-text,.site-header__cta-link{grid-column:1/span 6}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__cta-text,.site-header__cta-link{grid-column:1/span 5}}.site-header__cta-link a{--arrow-color: #000f9f;--link-color: #000f9f;--link-background-color: #fff;--link-border-color: #fff;--link-color-hover: #000f9f;--link-background-color-hover: #bec8e0;--link-border-color-hover: transparent}.site-header__cta-text{--paragraph-line-height: 1;--paragraph-margin: 0}.site-header__home-link{grid-column:8/span 5;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__home-link{grid-column:11/span 2}}.site-header__home-link .link{--icon-height: var(--link-font-size);--icon-width: var(--link-font-size);--link-font-weight: 300;--link-font-size: clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.5620094171rem + 0.2490557975vw), 0.7861596349rem );display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.25rem}.site-header__home-link .link svg{fill:var(--link-color);transform:scaleX(-1)}.site-header__menu{--custom-scrollbar-track: #bec8e0;background:#001c42;position:relative;height:calc(100vh - var(--header-menu-top) - 7.5rem + (0.3819820591 * 1rem));overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right)}.site-header__menu-container{left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:calc(7.5rem - (0.3819820591 * 1rem));transform:translateX(-200%);transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:1000}[data-main-nav-state=open] .site-header__menu-container{opacity:1;transform:translateX(0);visibility:visible}.site-header__menu-toggle{--toggle-size: clamp( 1.618rem, calc(1.284692rem + 1.4813688889vw), 2.617924rem );--toggle-weight: 0.25em;grid-column:11/span 2;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__menu-toggle{grid-column:12/span 1}}.site-header__search{--link-color: #121212;--icon-height: 2em;--icon-width: 2em;grid-column:9/span 2;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__search{grid-column:11/span 1}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__search{transform:translateX(var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem))}}.site-header__search a,.site-header__search svg{display:block}.site-header__submenu-container{position:relative;z-index:10}.site-header__title{--heading-margin: 0 0 1em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.1459102934em solid currentColor;--heading-margin: 0 0 0.3819820591em;max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-header .yalesom-logo{--logo-height: 5.625rem;--logo-width: auto}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header .yalesom-logo{--logo-height: auto;--logo-width: 100%}}.site-header #block-mainnavigation{position:static}.site-header #block-mainnavigation .contextual{top:auto}.page--is-front .site-header__banner{border-bottom-width:0;margin-bottom:0}.site-header--center{--site-header-bg-color: #000f9f;--site-header-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-text-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-shield-outline-color: #9CB6D3;padding-bottom:1rem}.site-header--center-parent .menu__heading{display:none}.site-header--center:not(.site-header--center-parent) .secondary-nav{margin-bottom:0}.site-header--center .menu__heading a{--link-color: var(--color, $color-white)}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck]{position:fixed;width:100%}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__section-title{--button-color: #000f9f;display:flex}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__section-title{--button-color: #fff}.site-header--center .site-header__banner{border-bottom:none}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header--center .site-header__banner{height:auto;padding-top:1rem}}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header--center .site-header__branding{grid-column-end:span 4}}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container .menu__expand,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container .menu__link{--link-underline-color: #fff;--menu-title-color: #bec8e0}.site-header--center .site-header__cta{margin-bottom:2.617924rem}.site-header--center .site-header__cta-text{--paragraph-color: #fff}.site-header--center+.site-main{margin-top:1.618rem}.site-header--center+.site-main .layout--bg.layout--edge-column:first-child,.site-header--center+.site-main .layout--bg.layout--edge-full:first-child{margin-top:-1.618rem}.layout{--layout-column-count: 12;container-name:layout;container-type:inline-size;position:relative;z-index:0}.layout--l .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0}.layout--xs{--layout-width: 29.0301727992rem;max-width:29.0301727992rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 480px){.layout--xs{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 29.0301727992rem){.layout--xs{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(29.0301727992rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(29.0301727992rem / 2)) )}}.layout--2xs{--layout-width: 22.8223500493rem;max-width:22.8223500493rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 480px){.layout--2xs{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 22.8223500493rem){.layout--2xs{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(22.8223500493rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(22.8223500493rem / 2)) )}}.layout--edge-full{--layout-width: 100%;max-width:none;overflow:hidden}.site-main .layout--edge-full,#root .layout--edge-full{margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}@container (width >= 768px){.layout--inset .layout__region>*:where(.media, .image-grid, figure){margin-left:calc((100% - var(--layout-gap)*(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2 - 1))/(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2) + var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc((100% - var(--layout-gap)*(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2 - 1))/(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2) + var(--layout-gap))}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-l.layout--two-column>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region{--layout-column-space: 1}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-m.layout--two-column>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region--one{--layout-column-space: 1}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-l.layout--three-column{--sidebar-gutter-offset: 4.235801032rem}}.layout--gutter-none .layout__content{--layout-gap: 0}.layout--interior-margin-none{--layout-background-margin: 0}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-none>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding:0}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions{padding-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left)*-1);padding-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right)*-1)}@container (width >= 75.9987860952rem){.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions{padding-left:-1.618rem;padding-right:-1.618rem}}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions::after{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.layout--interior-margin-m{--layout-background-margin: -2.617924rem}.layout--interior-margin-m.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-m>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding-bottom:2.617924rem;padding-top:2.617924rem}.layout--interior-margin-l{--layout-background-margin: -6.8535260698rem}.layout--interior-margin-l.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-l>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding-bottom:6.8535260698rem;padding-top:6.8535260698rem}.layout--margin-l{--layout-margin-bottom: 6.8535260698rem}.layout--margin-m{--layout-margin-bottom: 4.235801032rem}.layout--margin-s{--layout-margin-bottom: 1rem}.layout--margin-zero{--layout-margin-bottom: 0}.layout--hidden{display:none}.form-wrapper .layout--hidden{display:block}.layout__background{bottom:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:0}.layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0;--layout-gap: 1.618rem;margin-bottom:var(--layout-margin-bottom, 4.235801032rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:var(--layout-width, 75.9987860952rem);padding:var(--layout-padding, 0)}@container (width >= 768px){.layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 2}}.layout__regions{display:grid;gap:var(--layout-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));position:relative;max-width:var(--layout-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@container (width >= 512px){.layout__regions{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--layout-column-count), var(--layout-column-size, minmax(0, 1fr)));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto)}.layout__regions>*{grid-column:1/-1}}.layout__regions::after{margin-bottom:var(--layout-background-margin, -1.618rem);margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right));margin-top:var(--layout-background-margin, -1.618rem)}@container (width >= 75.9987860952rem){.layout__regions::after{margin-left:-1.618rem;margin-right:-1.618rem}}.layout .layout .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0;--layout-margin-bottom: 0}.layout__stuck{position:sticky;top:calc(var(--header-menu-top, 0px) + 66px + 1rem)}.som-modal .layout .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0}.layout .paragraph--type--library-paragraph .layout .layout__content{margin-bottom:0;padding:0}.layout--profile-byline .views-element-container .layout__content{margin-bottom:1em}.site-main{overflow-x:hidden;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right);position:relative;z-index:2}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-main{overflow-x:unset}}.main{margin-bottom:4em}.main>*{margin-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.main>*{margin-bottom:0}}.main>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.main-sidebar{grid-area:sidebar}.main-content{grid-area:content;margin-bottom:1rem;width:100%}@media(min-width: 1080px){.main-content{margin-bottom:0}} </style> <script src="/sites/default/files/google_tag/main_som_gtm/google_tag.script.js?sn9grz" defer defer></script> <title>Master's Degree in Global Business & Society (MMS: GBS) | Yale School of Management</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/som/fonts/yalenew/YaleNew-Roman.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3AeACSg8Spnxl1y30hwImuL3SrpZbP-rE7w1RguRERk.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3AeACSg8Spnxl1y30hwImuL3SrpZbP-rE7w1RguRERk.css" /></noscript> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_clN9WlEddSD3LFv7bYa_AyjyAf2Mi5iL10U9en10IH8.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_clN9WlEddSD3LFv7bYa_AyjyAf2Mi5iL10U9en10IH8.css" /></noscript> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/cro6dpa.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/cro6dpa.css" /></noscript> </head> <body class="page page--taxonomy-term page--taxonomy-term-program page--menu-join-is-parent page--menu-join-is-child"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P6NR3T9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <header class="site-header" data-main-nav-state="closed"> <div class="site-header__banner"> <div class="site-header__branding"> <a class="logo-link" aria-label="Yale School of Management home page" href="/"> <picture> <source srcset="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_horizontal-min.svg" width="400" height="59" alt="Yale School of Management logo" media="(min-width: 768px)" /> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_stacked-min.svg" class="yalesom-logo" width="205" height="101" alt="Yale School of Management logo"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="site-header__search"> <a class="link" href="/search"> <svg class="icon" aria-labelledby="title-header-search-icon" > <title id="title-header-search-icon">Search Yale School of Management</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#search"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-toggle"> <button class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--hamburger toggle--count-4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="site-header-navigation-main" > <span class="toggle__label">Menu</span> <span class="toggle__bars"> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--1"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--2"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--3"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--4"></span> </span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-container"> <div class="site-header__menu" data-component-theme="dark" id="site-header-navigation-main"> <div class="site-header__menu-content"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation"> <div id="menu-main-menu" class="menu menu--main-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--active menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-194798939"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-194798939" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Degree Programs</span> <span data-region="header" class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="MBA" href="/programs/mba"> <span class="menu__title">MBA</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Two-year program for leaders in all industries.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="MBA for Executives" href="/programs/emba"> <span class="menu__title">MBA for Executives</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Rigorous executive MBA for accomplished professionals.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master of Advanced Management" href="/programs/mam"> <span class="menu__title">Master of Advanced Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">MBA graduates of top business schools around the world spend a year at Yale.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Asset Management" href="/programs/mms-asset-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Asset Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Intensive introduction to investing with leading faculty and practitioners.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--active menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--active menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Global Business & Society" aria-current="page" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Global Business & Society</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">A year of advanced leadership training for MIM graduates of top business schools around the world</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Public Education Management" href="/centers/the-broad-center/masters-degree-in-public-education-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Public Education Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">One-year program for leaders in urban public school systems.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Systemic Risk" href="/programs/mms-systemic-risk"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Systemic Risk</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Specialized program for developing leaders in government agencies that manage systemic risk.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master’s in Technology Management" href="/programs/masters-technology-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master’s in Technology Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">One-year business & leadership program designed exclusively for Yale College engineering students</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Joint Degrees" href="/programs/joint-degrees"> <span class="menu__title">Joint Degrees</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Environment, Global Affairs, Medicine, Law, Public Health, Engineering, Architecture, Drama, Divinity, PhD, and Asset Management</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Silver Scholars for College Seniors" href="/programs/silver-scholars"> <span class="menu__title">Silver Scholars for College Seniors</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Opportunity for college seniors to immediately pursue a Yale MBA.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Doctoral Programs" href="/programs/phd"> <span class="menu__title">Doctoral Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Accounting, Financial Economics, Marketing, Operations, and Organizations and Management</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=1R3UaKip 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=dl8hCSRz 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=z4qSm-U4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=1R3UaKip 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=SYJKoJJv 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=VxhbN0WP 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=SYJKoJJv" width="420" height="260" alt="Nathan Novemsky teaching" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="The SOM Experience" href="/the-som-experience"> <span class="menu__title">The SOM Experience</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=m22txWGq 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=DHwzewzn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=l58UIFx4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=m22txWGq 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=fycZCia2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=uH3cnL-z 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=fycZCia2" width="420" height="260" alt="Students in Evans Hall" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-503401405"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-503401405" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Centers & Initiatives</span> <span class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="The Broad Center" href="/centers/the-broad-center"> <span class="menu__title">The Broad Center</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Transformative leadership for public education</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Yale Center for Customer Insights" href="/centers/center-for-customer-insights"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Center for Customer Insights</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Advancing the frontiers of consumer understanding</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="International Center for Finance" href="/centers/international-center-for-finance"> <span class="menu__title">International Center for Finance</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Support for research in financial economics</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Entrepreneurship" href="/centers/Program-on-Entrepreneurship"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Entrepreneurship</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Creating entrepreneurs for business & society</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Social Enterprise, Innovation, and Impact" href="/centers/program-on-social-enterprise-innovation-impact"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Social Enterprise, Innovation, and Impact</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Harnessing business skills and markets for social objectives</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Financial Stability" href="/centers/program-on-financial-stability"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Financial Stability</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Improving our understanding and management of systemic risk</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Swensen Asset Management Institute" href="/centers/swensen-asset-management-institute"> <span class="menu__title">Swensen Asset Management Institute</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Furthering the study and practice of asset management</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Center for Business and the Environment" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://cbey.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Center for Business and the Environment</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Accelerating the transition to a just and thriving world</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Chief Executive Leadership Institute" href="/centers/chief-executive-leadership-institute"> <span class="menu__title">Chief Executive Leadership Institute</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">The world’s first school for CEOs</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Stakeholder Innovation and Management" href="/centers/program-stakeholder-innovation-and-management"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Stakeholder Innovation and Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Advancing stakeholder research, education, and practice to benefit business and society</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Thurman Arnold Project" href="/centers/thurman-arnold-project-at-yale"> <span class="menu__title">Thurman Arnold Project</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Research related to competition and antitrust enforcement</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Meng Impact Investment Fund" href="/centers/meng-impact-investment-fund"> <span class="menu__title">Meng Impact Investment Fund</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Investing in ventures solving society’s biggest challenges</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Yale Center Beijing" rel="external" target="_blank" href="http://centerbeijing.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Center Beijing</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Developing leaders from all regions of the globe</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="China India Insights Program" href="/centers/china-india-insights-program"> <span class="menu__title">China India Insights Program</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Delivering new thinking on China, India, and emerging markets</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Initiative on Leadership and Organization" href="/centers/initiative-on-leadership-and-organization"> <span class="menu__title">Initiative on Leadership and Organization</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Multidisciplinary understanding of leadership and organizations</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="SOM Lab" href="/centers/som-lab"> <span class="menu__title">SOM Lab</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">An interdepartmental behavioral lab</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Y-Rise Research Initiative on Innovation & Scale" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://yrise.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Y-Rise Research Initiative on Innovation & Scale</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Developing the science behind scaling up policy interventions</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=m5yHiZRB 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=mgaBNz4s 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=kYdSM_Hc 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=m5yHiZRB 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=TBgH1wG5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=8xCt-cGc 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=TBgH1wG5" width="420" height="260" alt="Yale SOM Courtyard view of Evans Hall" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Faculty & Research" href="/faculty-research"> <span class="menu__title">Faculty & Research</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=CM47nRaK 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=QT6nMa6x 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=ksG96FCm 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=CM47nRaK 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=JENscosN 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=mQPmetyl 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=JENscosN" width="420" height="260" alt="Professor Pinker and students conversing in a classroom" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-1620176278"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-1620176278" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Executive Education</span> <span class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Executive Education" href="/executive-education"> <span class="menu__title">Executive Education</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Enhance your leadership and management skills</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Digital Programs" href="/executive-education/digital-programs"> <span class="menu__title">Digital Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Cutting-edge faculty insights available through the latest online learning tools</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="For Individuals" href="/executive-education/for-individuals"> <span class="menu__title">For Individuals</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Find the right program for your leadership journey</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="For Companies" href="/executive-education"> <span class="menu__title">For Companies</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Top-quality training designed for the needs of your organization</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Participant Information" href="/executive-education/participant-information"> <span class="menu__title">Participant Information</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Your questions answered</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Fellowship for Public Education Leadership" href="/centers/the-broad-center/fellowship-for-public-education-leadership"> <span class="menu__title">Fellowship for Public Education Leadership</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Fellowship for Public Education Leadership</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Collaborator Programs" href="/executive-education/collaborator-programs"> <span class="menu__title">Collaborator Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Executive Education collaborator programs</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Veterans Benefits" href="/executive-education/veterans-benefits"> <span class="menu__title">Veterans Benefits</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Yale SOM is proud to support funding opportunities for military professionals</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="About us" href="/executive-education/about"> <span class="menu__title">About us</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">How we teach</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Community " href="/executive-education/community"> <span class="menu__title">Community </span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Discover a community of lifelong learners</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Contact" href="/executive-education/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Contact Executive Education</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=CCa4BafJ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=DwJFJPa0 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=aFgSis1n 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=CCa4BafJ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=qZNxuzYU 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=9oBxUJvh 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=qZNxuzYU" width="420" height="260" alt="Three students talking" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Alumni" href="/alumni"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=hLsuVKDs 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=HQqsM0GD 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=LSTN-HAA 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=hLsuVKDs 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=RKQOFZck 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=WCJWSPk4 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=RKQOFZck" width="420" height="260" alt="Alumni standing in front of blue backdrop" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="About" href="/about"> <span class="menu__title">About</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=8zFqUzfd 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=G2TEh3ix 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=DqeFJAN5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=8zFqUzfd 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=lwfXbEgw 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=u1s-jB1Y 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=lwfXbEgw" width="420" height="260" alt="Evans Hall Courtyard" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigationextra-menu" id="block-mainnavigationextra"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigationextra-menu">Main navigation - Extra</h2> <div id="menu-utility-menu" class="menu menu--utility-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="myPortal" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/myportal"> <span class="menu__title">myPortal</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Giving" href="/yale-som-campaign"> <span class="menu__title">Giving</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Career Development" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/careers"> <span class="menu__title">Career Development</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Yale Insights" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://insights.som.yale.edu"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Insights</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main-content" class="site-main"> <div class="region region--title"> <div id="block-breadcrumbs"> <div aria-label="breadcrumb" id="menu-breadcrumb" class="menu menu--breadcrumb menu--small-menu"> <ol class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Global Business & Society</span> </a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div id="block-page-title-taxonomy"> <h1 class="heading heading--xl" id="page-title"> Master’s Degree in Global Business & Society </h1> </div> </div> <div id="secondary-nav-sticky-trigger" role="presentation"></div> <nav id="secondary-nav" class="secondary-nav" data-secondary-nav-state="closed" aria-labelledby="secondary-nav-title"> <div id="menu-secondary-menu" class="menu menu--secondary-menu"> <div class="menu__section-title"> <div class="menu__shield"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_shield-min.svg" class="yalesom-logo yalesom-logo--shield" width="29" height="36" alt="Yale School of Management logo" /> </div> <h3 class="menu__heading" id="secondary-nav-title"> <a href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society">Master's in Global Business & Society</a> <span class="menu__help-text visually-hidden">Navigation Menu</span> </h3> <button id="block-somsubmenu" class="toggle toggle--thick toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-secondary-menu" > <span class="toggle__label">GBS <span class="toggle__help-text">Menu</span></span> </button> </div> <a class="menu__section-link" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society"> GBS Home </a> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-429847312"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-429847312" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Admissions</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Admissions" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions"> <span class="menu__title">Admissions</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Admissions</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Application Information" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/application-information"> <span class="menu__title">Application Information</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Application Information</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="GBS Admissions Ambassadors" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/admissions-ambassadors"> <span class="menu__title">GBS Admissions Ambassadors</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">GBS Admissions Ambassadors</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Recorded Webinars" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/recorded-webinars"> <span class="menu__title">Recorded Webinars</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Recorded Webinars</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="GBS Admissions Events" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/mms-global-business-and-society-admissions-events"> <span class="menu__title">GBS Admissions Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="M2M Pathways" href="/programs/m2m-pathways"> <span class="menu__title">M2M Pathways</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-1646438869"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-1646438869" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Curriculum</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Curriculum" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/curriculum"> <span class="menu__title">Curriculum</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Curriculum</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Elective Courses" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/curriculum/elective-courses"> <span class="menu__title">Elective Courses</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Elective Courses</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="The Academic Calendar" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/curriculum/the-academic-calendar"> <span class="menu__title">The Academic Calendar</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">The Academic Calendar</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Management Science Major" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/curriculum/elective-courses/management-science-major"> <span class="menu__title">Management Science Major</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-1396492903"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-1396492903" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Community</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Community" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/community"> <span class="menu__title">Community</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Class Profile" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/community/class-profile-class-of-2025"> <span class="menu__title">Class Profile</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Student Profiles" href="/programs/gbs/the-student-experience/student-profiles"> <span class="menu__title">Student Profiles</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Careers" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/careers"> <span class="menu__title">Careers</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-2079821024"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-2079821024" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Affording Your GBS</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Affording Your GBS" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/affording-your-gbs"> <span class="menu__title">Affording Your GBS</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Cost Information" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/affording-your-gbs/cost-information"> <span class="menu__title">Cost Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Federal Student Loans" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/affording-your-gbs/gbs-loan-programs"> <span class="menu__title">Federal Student Loans</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Funding Resources" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mba/affording-your-mba/funding-resources"> <span class="menu__title">Funding Resources</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Loan Forgiveness Program" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/affording-your-gbs/loan-forgiveness-program"> <span class="menu__title">Loan Forgiveness Program</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Military Benefits" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/affording-your-gbs/military-benefits"> <span class="menu__title">Military Benefits</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="GBS FAQ" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/gbs-faq"> <span class="menu__title">GBS FAQ</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="GBS Blog" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/headlines"> <span class="menu__title">GBS Blog</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Contact" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Apply Now" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://application.mms.som.yale.edu/portal/GBSapplication"> <span class="menu__title">Apply Now</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div> <div class="layout--l layout--edge-full layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="hero-animation" role="presentation" aria-describedby="hero-animation_517"> <h2 id="hero-animation_517" class="visually-hidden"> Animation description: The words Global citizens and Leaders independently slide in around a large ampersand. </h2> <div data-aos="hero-animation" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-center" data-aos-offset="200" class="hero-animation__container"> <div class="hero-animation__heading" aria-hidden="true"> <span id="paragraph-hero-animation-517" class="hero-animation__word hero-animation__word--left">global citizens</span> <span class="hero-animation__heading-divider">&</span> <span id="paragraph-hero-animation-517" class="hero-animation__word hero-animation__word--right">leaders</span> </div> </div> <div class="hero-animation__image-container" role="presentation"> <div class="hero-animation__image"> <div class="media media--image media--hero-animation" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=dVN97zC7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1440/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=SkhAayYK 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=XirXtWVb 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1120/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=_AyUQ9Xm 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=5bbWshV7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=dVN97zC7 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=eIyDJpG- 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=tn-0WYwO 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2021-11/14en-a.jpg.webp?itok=-dHYnCl4" width="160" height="160" alt="Students talking" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="hero-animation__image"> <div class="media media--image media--hero-animation" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=gdpqWLIT 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1440/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=UA71be4i 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=gl949b2o 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1120/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=qLwhgS3e 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=O6mQMnV1 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=gdpqWLIT 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=8Eqh7f15 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=paxavRVc 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2021-11/14en-b.jpg.webp?itok=JlCK37fa" width="160" height="160" alt="Construction scene" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="layout--m layout--margin-l layout--interior-margin-m layout--bg layout--bg-som-blue layout--edge-column layout layout--one-column layout--bg layout--bg-som-blue" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-519"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-519" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--none heading--bold heading--l "> Launch an impactful career with a year of study at Yale </h2> </div> <div class="text-long"><p class="heading heading--s">The Master of Management Studies in Global Business and Society (GBS) provides you with tools needed to thrive in global organizations and the broad perspective to know how best to use them. Open to students in master in management programs at top business schools around the world, including those in the Global Network for Advanced Management, the GBS program draws on all the resources at Yale University.</p></div> <div id="paragraph-button-521" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--inline-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--primary som-link--medium" href="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/2024-09/Yale-SOM-Master%27s-Global-Business-and-Society-1.pdf"> <span class="som-link__text">Download the GBS Brochure</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-522" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--inline-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--secondary som-link--medium" href="https://application.mms.som.yale.edu/register/gbs-inquiry"> <span class="som-link__text">Connect with us</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--m layout--margin-l layout--column-70-30 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio=""> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=p7GwWH9Q 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=m7-i-Shn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=LV_77MZ1 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=p7GwWH9Q 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=3i1WENP5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=shQUvfgH 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2023-05/_DSC1478.jpg.webp?itok=Py_ueUxH" width="140" height="93" alt="Yale SOM Students" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div class="text text--top "> <div class="text-long"><p>During your year at Yale, you’ll take advanced coursework at the nexus of global business and society, building upon the foundation of your master’s in management.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="73e269f8-0e6a-4b91-81cd-e27e8d1f2469" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/curriculum" title="Curriculum & Faculty">GBS Curriculum</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--m layout--margin-l layout--column-30-70 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="text text--top "> <div class="text-long"><p>Spend a year on the campus of a great university, connecting with peers from around the world and forming relationships that will benefit you for the rest of your life.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="53559e44-d4f8-4d82-b9e4-ce4cc86ff71e" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/community" title="Community">Community</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio=""> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=l0i501uv 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=jEOVwEu1 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=SX-e9-NM 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=l0i501uv 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=fOisehsZ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=nE_kA-mS 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2023-05/_DSC1188.jpg.webp?itok=QK4P89VW" width="140" height="93" alt="Yale SOM Students" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-531"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-531" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--l "> Admissions </h2> </div> <div class="text-long"><p>Admission to the GBS program is open to students who either are enrolled or have recently graduated from a top business school from around the world, including those in the <strong>Global Network for Advanced Management</strong>, with a master in management (or equivalent) degree.</p> <p>There are two ways to enter the GBS program.</p> <ol><li>For HEC, HKUST, and UBC Sauder master in management applicants: Apply jointly through the <a href="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mms-gbs/admissions/m2m-programs">M2M</a> programs. Deadlines vary by school.</li> <li>Apply while you are enrolled in, during a gap year, or after completing your master in management program.</li> </ol> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-zero layout--column-70-30 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-535" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h3 class="heading heading--none heading--m "> Application Deadlines </h3> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-zero layout layout--three-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="text text--left "> <div class="text-long"><h4>Round 1</h4> <p><strong>January 8, 2025</strong></p> <p>Decision<br />February 24, 2025</p> <p>Enrollment Deadline<br />March 17, 2025</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div class="text text--left "> <div class="text-long"><h4>Round 2</h4> <p><strong>February 19, 2025</strong></p> <p>Decision<br />April 11, 2025</p> <p>Enrollment Deadline<br />May 2, 2025</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--three"> <div class="text text--left "> <div class="text-long"><h4>Round 3</h4> <p><strong>April 9, 2025</strong></p> <p>Decision<br />May 13, 2025</p> <p>Enrollment Deadline<br />May 30, 2025</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="paragraph-button-47708" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions"> <span class="som-link__text">GBS Admissions</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div id="paragraph-heading-60842" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h3 class="heading heading--none heading--bold heading--m "> Events </h3> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="event-teaser-list-view js-view-dom-id-169287c22b92bada32c8ed1779da68a3689aa32e56f99bfc325abc9a6449762e"> <div class="views-row"><article role="article"> <div class="event-teaser "> <h4 class="event-teaser__heading event-teaser__heading--s "> <a class="event-teaser__heading-link" href="/event/gbs-application-tips-webinar"> GBS Application Tips Webinar </a> </h4> <p class="summary__event-teaser "> Monday, Dec 9 2024 at 9:00 - 10:00 am EST | Live Online </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article role="article"> <div class="event-teaser "> <h4 class="event-teaser__heading event-teaser__heading--s "> <a class="event-teaser__heading-link" href="/event/gbs-qa-session-2"> GBS Q&A Session </a> </h4> <p class="summary__event-teaser "> Tuesday, Dec 10 2024 at 9:00 - 10:00 am EST | Live Online </p> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-60844" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/mms-global-business-and-society-admissions-events"> <span class="som-link__text">View Events</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-545"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-545" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--none heading--bold heading--l "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/community/class-profile-class-of-2025"> Class profile </a> </h2> </div> <div class="class-profiles"> <div class="class-profile"> <div class="class-profile__title"> Class Size </div> <div class="class-profile__number"> <span class="class-profile__highlight class-profile__highlight--animate">73</span> </div> </div> <div class="class-profile"> <div class="class-profile__title"> Countries of citizenship </div> <div class="class-profile__number"> <span class="class-profile__highlight class-profile__highlight--animate">24</span> </div> </div> <div class="class-profile"> <div class="class-profile__title"> Women enrolled </div> <div class="class-profile__number"> <span class="class-profile__highlight class-profile__highlight--animate">55%</span> </div> </div> <div class="class-profile"> <div class="class-profile__title"> Master in Management schools </div> <div class="class-profile__number"> <span class="class-profile__highlight class-profile__highlight--animate">11</span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-47713" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/community/class-profile-class-of-2025"> <span class="som-link__text">Full class profile</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="layout--l layout--margin-l layout--interior-margin-none layout--bg layout--bg-ice layout--edge-column layout layout--one-column layout--bg layout--bg-ice"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="quote"> <blockquote class="quote__blockquote"> <p>My background is in business and finance and I wanted a graduate program where I could dive into other subjects to gain a more comprehensive view of society’s challenges while keeping a business perspective. The GBS program offered exactly that, as the curriculum gives students the flexibility to choose electives across various disciplines.</p> <footer class="quote__footer"> <span class="quote__attribution"> <a class="link" href="/profile/julie-lin-24"> Julie Lin ’24 </a> </span> </footer> </blockquote> <div class="quote__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=lzPTo0Tj 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1280/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=N3qlVN5Y 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=AawPrJ0v 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_960/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=fy36JdrG 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=iJysyepi 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=gwmspNzx 2x" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2024-08/2024-01-25-Julie%20Lin-068.jpg.webp?itok=3ipf3One" width="160" height="160" alt="Julie Lin" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout--l layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-library-paragraph-12" class="paragraph paragraph--type--library-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="layout--l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-11238"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-11238" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--left heading--l "> The student experience </h2> </div> <div class="text-long"><h3 class="heading--light">Become a student at SOM, a citizen of Yale, and a part of the New Haven community.</h3> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--column-60-40 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio=""> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=ziPE0k0j 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=hTmXK5p_ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=hhrQaG6L 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=ziPE0k0j 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=VJwhFxmv 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=SH2vKzqI 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2024-07/_DSC5538.JPG.webp?itok=Ln_9c45X" width="140" height="93" alt="The student experience" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--column-50-50 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="text-long"><p>Connect with the pathbreaking Yale Investments Office, as well as major asset management firms that have Yale ties, and see how the leaders in the field operate.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="325c2931-8b39-4489-8802-2c5a664e1aa8" href="/the-som-experience/community-v1" title="Our Community - v1">Community at Yale SOM</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio=""> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=0j7LR4p7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=UjbQf086 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="210"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=jh-3bzSK 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=0j7LR4p7 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="210"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=iog7U2xI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=JAPKhLXn 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="210"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2023-05/_DSC2854.jpg.webp?itok=Fo8Kaaoy" width="140" height="210" alt="Yale SOM Students" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="text-long"><p>Your days will be spent studying—both in Evans Hall and across the beautiful Yale campus—and exploring everything New Haven has to offer.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2248ac87-c0e3-44ed-b746-78ff2caae19f" href="/the-som-experience/life-at-yale-som/edward-p-evans-hall" title="Edward P. Evans Hall">Campus tour</a></p> <p><a href="/node/244392">Life in New Haven</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div class="text-long"><p>As part of Yale University, you'll be among leading thinkers and teachers, as well as a cohort of fellow students pursuing excellence across fields of study.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e01d3c20-828f-4daa-ad94-38e8c8f0b5ea" href="/the-som-experience/life-at-yale-som/yale-university" title="Yale University">Our connection to Yale</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio="landscape"> <div class="media media--image media--grid-landscape" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_672_/public/2024-10/DSC_1942.JPG.webp?itok=Ob8QnwYI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/2024-10/DSC_1942.JPG.webp?itok=TEhpOXry 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="672" height="415"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-10/DSC_1942.JPG.webp?itok=hJWTgkir 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-10/DSC_1942.JPG.webp?itok=WCf1APEX 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_140_/public/2024-10/DSC_1942.JPG.webp?itok=NaGcE_AI" width="140" height="87" alt="Yale University" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--image" data-aspect-ratio="square"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=tGBMYPTy 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1280/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=3CEp6ZBH 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=Lxo5Twpp 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_960/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=onetQBnM 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=pYXaejnP 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=JbBICQs3 2x" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2023-05/_DSC6264.jpg.webp?itok=fYrLIirT" width="160" height="160" alt="Yale SOM Students" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <div class="text-long"><p>As part of our mission, we engage with the problems afflicting our world—notably issues of discrimination, bias, and equity—and seek to build a community that achieves and celebrates diversity.</p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5d814e28-3956-48d8-815e-982d76d5db8d" href="/the-som-experience/diversity-equity-inclusion" title="Diversity, Equity & Inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion at Yale SOM</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout--m layout--margin-l layout--bg layout--bg-blue-brand layout--edge-column layout layout--one-column layout--bg layout--bg-blue-brand"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-library-paragraph-5" class="paragraph paragraph--type--library-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="layout--m layout--interior-margin-none layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-10175"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-10175" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--none heading--left heading--bold heading--l "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/the-som-experience/mission"> Our mission </a> </h2> </div> <div class="quote"> <blockquote class="quote__blockquote"> <p>We believe the most impactful leaders always weigh both sides of the ampersand in our mission—business and society.</p> <footer class="quote__footer"> <span class="quote__attribution"> Kerwin K. Charles </span> </footer> </blockquote> </div> <figure itemid="https://youtu.be/NouOgYqKOf4?rel=0" itemtype="https://schema.org/VideoObject" itemscope="" class="figure"> <div class="media media--video media--default" role="group"> <div data-media-gallery class="blazy blazy--nojs blazy--media blazy--field blazy--view blazy--field-media-oembed-video blazy--field-media-oembed-video--default blazy--view--event-teaser-list-embed-embed-1 blazy--view--event-teaser-list blazy--view--event-teaser-list--embed-1 video" data-blazy=""> <div data-ratios="{"420":56.19,"840":56.19,"1334":56.22,"2688":56.25}" style="padding-bottom: 56.25%;" data-ratio="56.25" data-b-token="b-921cedfa444" class="media media--blazy media--youtube media--switch media--switch--media media--player media--bundle--video media--video media--responsive media--ratio media--ratio--fluid" aria-live="polite"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_1344_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=xxZ4pKDU 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_2688_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=8vHc716Q 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1334" height="750"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_840_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=AT7kdqj- 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_1344_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=xxZ4pKDU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="840" height="472"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_420_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=fyhZ5hrz 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_840_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=AT7kdqj- 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="236"/> <img decoding="async" src="/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_420_/public/oembed_thumbnails/3gmMefPtQIK4e3bhv7zFe9ZSAlrhL5Yp3zBQUqn97J8.jpg.webp?itok=fyhZ5hrz" width="420" height="236" alt="Preview image for the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." title="Preview image for the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." loading="lazy" /> </picture> <button aria-label="Stop and close the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." class="media__icon media__icon--close" title="Stop and close the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." type="button"></button> <button aria-label="Load and play the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." class="media__icon media__icon--play" data-b-provider="youtube" data-b-token="b-921cedfa444" data-url="/media/oembed?url=https%3A//youtu.be/NouOgYqKOf4%3Frel%3D0&max_width=0&max_height=0&hash=hFjlOFWxZj5SKGkXxBMHqTg5ekficPpn-yfaH1l6ARI&blazy=1&autoplay=1" data-iframe-title="Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society" title="Load and play the video "Dean Kerwin Charles: Business &amp; Society"." type="button"></button> </div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__background" role="presentation"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#ampersand"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-570"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-570" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--bold heading--l "> Community voices </h2> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-9f3cb14f3687eebbeca4ba451cf4a880a3e68cece2985325c77f650712f886b1"> <div class="layout layout--view-grid layout--three-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div id="item-275568" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--media som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=BIOKQngw 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1280/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=Dx5Q2jK9 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=5pewO2WF 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_960/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=5mhOH-fY 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=sg4d5fqR 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=dI73iwo- 2x" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2024-10/Evans_fall.jpg.webp?itok=DtphNhKL" width="160" height="160" alt="The exterior of Evans Hall in the fall" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/what-im-thankful"> What I’m Thankful For </a> </h3> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> <div id="item-275431" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--media som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=EMAgRZtC 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1280/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=ORVdOjuR 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=bER2mDeR 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_960/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=omuHqKL6 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=Fvud3lP0 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=VEMnJ4Hd 2x" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2024-11/140116-SOM-045.jpg.webp?itok=PFlnENg7" width="160" height="160" alt="A person speaking and gesturing " loading="lazy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/historians-notebook-nobel-laureate-who-pioneered-modern-behavioral-finance-yale"> The Historian’s Notebook: The Nobel Laureate Who Pioneered Modern Behavioral Finance at Yale </a> </h3> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> <div id="item-275043" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--media som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=Iu9_GhGA 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1280/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=ognYtAEk 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=AWTOYAcR 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_960/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=76JtDR1A 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=2YgXdtXa 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=qRjiMWzS 2x" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2024-10/Sustainability1.jpeg.webp?itok=LAXEOGIl" width="160" height="160" alt="Two people looking at a tote bag while a third person sits at a table" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/video-inside-yale-som-sustainability-fair"> Video: Inside the Yale SOM Sustainability Fair </a> </h3> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-47716" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/headlines"> <span class="som-link__text">All GBS blog posts</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </main> <div id="block-customcss" role="complementary" aria-label="Custom CSS" data-region="pre-footer"> <div class="text-long"><style type="text/css"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/* ><!--*/ .teaser--enews-announcement.teaser--row .teaser__image img { width: auto; } @container (min-width: 512px) { #paragraph-som-custom-app-64873 .layout--three-column .layout__content { display: grid; gap: var(--layout-gap, 1.618rem); grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } } @container (min-width: 512px) { .layout--column-70-30 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 9; } .layout--column-70-30.layout--l .layout__content, .layout--column-70-30.layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content, .layout .layout--column-70-30 .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout--column-70-30 .layout__content { --layout-column-start: 1; --layout-column-end: 10; } .layout--m .layout--column-70-30 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 7; } } @container (min-width: 512px) { .layout--column-60-40 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 8; } .layout--column-60-40.layout--l .layout__content, .layout--column-60-40.layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content, .layout .layout--column-60-40 .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout--column-60-40 .layout__content { --layout-column-start: 1; --layout-column-end: 9; } .layout--m .layout--column-60-40 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 6; } } @container (min-width: 512px) { .layout--column-50-50 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 7; } .layout--column-50-50.layout--l .layout__content, .layout--column-50-50.layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content, .layout .layout--column-50-50 .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout--column-50-50 .layout__content { --layout-column-start: 1; --layout-column-end: 7; } .layout--m .layout--column-50-50 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 5; } } @container (min-width: 512px) { .layout--column-40-60 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 6; } .layout--column-40-60.layout--l .layout__content, .layout--column-40-60.layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content, .layout .layout--column-40-60 .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout--column-40-60 .layout__content { --layout-column-start: 1; --layout-column-end: 5; } .layout--m .layout--column-40-60 .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 4; } } @container (min-width: 512px) { .layout--column-30-70 .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 5; } .layout--column-30-70.layout--l .layout__content, .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content, .layout .layout--column-30-70 .layout__content { --layout-column-start: 1; --layout-column-end: 4; } .layout--m .layout--column-30-70 .layout__content, .layout--m .layout--preset-connect-with-us .layout__content { --layout-column-end: 3; } } .layout .layout--four-column.layout--l .layout__content { --layout-column-start: auto; } /*--><!]]>*/ </style></div> </div> <section id="modal-70647" class="som-modal som-modal--hidden som-modal--style-vibrant-blue som-modal--position-frame-bottom som-modal som-modal--expandable" data-modal-settings="{"trigger":"scroll","timer_delay":"","scroll_delay":"25","frequency":"86400","position":"frame-bottom","block_css_class":"som-modal"}" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-js="modal"> <details class="som-modal__details"> <summary class="som-modal__summary"> <span class="som-modal__summary-text"> <div><p>More to Discover »</p> </div> </span> <span id="modal-70647" class="som-modal som-modal--hidden som-modal--style-vibrant-blue som-modal--position-frame-bottom som-modal som-modal--expandable toggle toggle--thick toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" data-modal-settings="{"trigger":"scroll","timer_delay":"","scroll_delay":"25","frequency":"86400","position":"frame-bottom","block_css_class":"som-modal"}" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-js="modal" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="som-modal-toggle" > <span class="toggle__label"> <div><p>More to Discover »</p> </div> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="som-modal__expandable"> <div> <div> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-zero layout layout--three-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-70639" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <span class="heading heading--thin heading--left heading--bold "> Community profiles </span> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="profiles-grid-view js-view-dom-id-f3cfb340c07c526655023b7d8487e2dca869739dc289006823d312267a868bae"> <section class="layout-parent"> <div class="layout layout--three-column layout--view-grid "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div id="item-275179" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-card som-card--profile som-card--card som-card--no-hover" > <div class="som-card__image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-10/GBS%20-%20Jerry%20Zhang.jpeg.webp?itok=K0VP5BHr 420w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_672_/public/2024-10/GBS%20-%20Jerry%20Zhang.jpeg.webp?itok=7SS8VxNG 672w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-10/GBS%20-%20Jerry%20Zhang.jpeg.webp?itok=KwPJSkc7 840w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/2024-10/GBS%20-%20Jerry%20Zhang.jpeg.webp?itok=4q-LG5by 1344w" sizes="(min-width: 752px) 50vw, (min-width: 1065px) 33vw, 100vw" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-10/GBS%20-%20Jerry%20Zhang.jpeg.webp?itok=K0VP5BHr" width="420" height="260" alt="GBS - Jerry Zhang '25" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="som-card__content"> <h3 class="som-card__heading som-card__heading--m "> <a class="som-card__heading-link" href="/profile/jerry-zhang-25"> Jerry Zhang ’25 </a> </h3> <div class="som-card__info"> <span class="som-card__program">Master’s Degree in Global Business & Society</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-97042" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/gbs/the-student-experience/student-profiles"> <span class="som-link__text">View more profiles</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div id="paragraph-heading-70636" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <span class="heading heading--thin heading--left heading--bold "> Attend an event </span> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="event-teaser-list-view js-view-dom-id-f2e250d1a9174726c79502776766fdde86f530c8d6756e9f2748c9fcc3c7391f"> <div class="views-row"><article role="article"> <div class="event-teaser "> <h4 class="event-teaser__heading event-teaser__heading--s "> <a class="event-teaser__heading-link" href="/event/gbs-application-tips-webinar"> GBS Application Tips Webinar </a> </h4> <p class="summary__event-teaser "> Monday, Dec 9 2024 at 9:00 - 10:00 am EST | Live Online </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article role="article"> <div class="event-teaser "> <h4 class="event-teaser__heading event-teaser__heading--s "> <a class="event-teaser__heading-link" href="/event/gbs-qa-session-2"> GBS Q&A Session </a> </h4> <p class="summary__event-teaser "> Tuesday, Dec 10 2024 at 9:00 - 10:00 am EST | Live Online </p> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-70638" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/mms-global-business-and-society-admissions-events"> <span class="som-link__text">View events</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--three"> <div id="paragraph-heading-70643" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <span class="heading heading--thin heading--left heading--bold "> Application deadlines </span> </div> <div class="text-long"><table class="table--small" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Round 1</th><td>January 8, 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Round 2</th><td>February 19, 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Round 3</th><td>April 9, 2025</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div id="paragraph-button-70645" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--primary som-link--small" href="https://som.yale.edu/programs/mms-global-business-and-society/admissions/application-information"> <span class="som-link__text">Application details</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </details> <button class="som-modal__banish-button" data-js="modal-banish-button" title="Dismiss permanently" aria-label="Dismiss permanently">Dismiss permanently</button> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__container"> <ul class="site-footer__social-menu"> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://instagram.com/YaleSOM"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#instagram"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/yale-school-of-management/"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#linkedin"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#youtube"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.threads.net/@yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#threads"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Threads</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="site-footer__contact"> <p class="site-footer__address"> <strong>Yale School of Management</strong><br/> Edward P. Evans Hall<br/> 165 Whitney Avenue<br/> New Haven, CT 06511-3729 </p> <div class="site-footer__cta-items"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/apply"> <span class="som-link__text">Apply Now</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/newsletter"> <span class="som-link__text">Get Yale SOM News</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="site-footer__navigation" aria-labelledby="footernavigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="footernavigation-menu">Footer navigation</h2> <div id="menu-footer-menu-internal" class="menu menu--footer-menu-internal menu--footer-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Business & Society" href="/the-som-experience/mission"> <span class="menu__title">Business & Society</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Programs" href="/programs"> <span class="menu__title">Programs</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Case Studies" href="/case-studies"> <span class="menu__title">Case Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Giving" href="/about/support-yale-som"> <span class="menu__title">Giving</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Contact" href="/about/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="menu-footer-menu-external" class="menu menu--footer-menu-external menu--footer-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="SOM Directory" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://directory.som.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">SOM Directory</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Alumni Directory" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://somconnect.yale.edu"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Directory</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Campus Groups" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://groups.som.yale.edu/home_login"> <span class="menu__title">Campus Groups</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Recruiters" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/careers"> <span class="menu__title">Recruiters</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Yale Insights" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://insights.som.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Insights</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="The Global Network" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://globalnetwork.io/"> <span class="menu__title">The Global Network</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <ul class="site-footer__copyright-menu"> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer" href="/site-map"> Site Map </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer" href="/terms-of-use"> Terms of Use </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer copyright-link__site-footer--external" rel="external" href="https://www.yale.edu/privacy-policy"> Privacy Policy <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer copyright-link__site-footer--external" rel="external" href="https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/accessibility-yale"> Accessibility <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="site-footer__copyright-notice"> © Copyright 2024 Yale School of Management. All rights reserved. </p> <div class="site-footer__logos"> <a class="logo-link__site-footer" id="footer-logo-yale" rel="external" href="https://www.yale.edu/"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yale_university_logo.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Yale Universityt logo" width="500" height="216.1"> </a> <a class="logo-link__site-footer" id="footer-logo-gn" rel="external" href="https://globalnetwork.io"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/gn_logo.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Global Network for Advanced Management logo" width="499.75" height="49.669"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__ampersand"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/ampersand_business_society.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Educating leaders for business and society" width="326.75" height="224.19"> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/84","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"advagg_mod\/css_defer,blazy\/bio.ajax,blazy\/blazy,blazy\/classlist,blazy\/media,blazy\/polyfill,blazy\/promise,blazy\/raf,blazy\/ratio,blazy\/webp,core\/picturefill,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,s360_modal\/s360_modal,som\/class-profiles,som\/global,som\/hero-animation,som\/main-menu,som\/secondary-menu,som\/video,som\/violator,system\/base,views\/views.ajax,views\/views.module,views_ajax_history\/history","theme":"som","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"blazy":{"loadInvisible":true,"offset":100,"saveViewportOffsetDelay":50,"validateDelay":25,"container":".som-modal","loader":false,"unblazy":false,"visibleClass":false,"compat":true},"blazyIo":{"disconnect":false,"rootMargin":"0px","threshold":[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]},"viewsAjaxHistory":{"renderPageItem":0,"initialExposedInput":{"views_dom_id:f3cfb340c07c526655023b7d8487e2dca869739dc289006823d312267a868bae":null}},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:f3cfb340c07c526655023b7d8487e2dca869739dc289006823d312267a868bae":{"view_name":"profiles_grid","view_display_id":"embed_8","view_args":"84","view_path":"\/taxonomy\/term\/84","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"f3cfb340c07c526655023b7d8487e2dca869739dc289006823d312267a868bae","pager_element":0,"viewsreference":{"data":{"pager":null,"offset":null,"argument":"84","limit":"1","title":1},"enabled_settings":{"argument":"argument","limit":"limit","title":"title"},"parent_entity_type":"paragraph","parent_entity_id":"93729","parent_field_name":"field_views_reference"}}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"81ad299b12694224a09e34073e699acdb4043e5a74425c36c901ebe53b6ce993"}}</script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/gsap.min.js" defer defer></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollTrigger.min.js" defer defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_3KnnVEJhA38C1YLN4b7cVZ5bOWa-ZpCXe_2K5jtHXTc.js" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-9a9cccb33f0fcc3edf9","applicationID":"978557967","transactionName":"YVJSNRMAVkAHUkZZC1gYcQIVCFddSXVARRRXW2wiDhNdbyNfRlkQT2tzDg8VSlwKXVdCOHNZRAgVGG5aA0ZxXwpCRV8NDQRKHlhHW1UT","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1609,"atts":"TRVRQ1saRU4=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>