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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uwezo_na_hatari_za_afyuni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwezo_na_hatari_za_afyuni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uwezo na hatari za afyuni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwezo_na_hatari_za_afyuni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mavuno_ya_afyuni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mavuno_ya_afyuni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mavuno ya afyuni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mavuno_ya_afyuni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_ya_usambazaji_wake_kama_dawa_la_kulevya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_ya_usambazaji_wake_kama_dawa_la_kulevya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia ya usambazaji wake kama dawa la kulevya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_ya_usambazaji_wake_kama_dawa_la_kulevya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mengineyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mengineyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mengineyo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mengineyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Afyuni</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 91 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 91</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أفيون – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أفيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="افيون – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="افيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiu" title="Opiu – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Opiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiry%C9%99k" title="Tiryək – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tiryək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опіум – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Опіум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8E%D0%BC" title="Опіюм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Опіюм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опиум – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опиум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ယာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ယာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="আফিম – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আফিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opijum" title="Opijum – Kibosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Opijum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Kibosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opi" title="Opi – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Opi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82-pi%C3%A9ng" title="Ă-piéng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ă-piéng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiwm" title="Opiwm – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Opiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όπιο – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όπιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opio" title="Opio – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Opio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opio" title="Opio – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Opio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oopium" title="Oopium – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oopium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opio" title="Opio – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Opio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="تریاک – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تریاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oopiumi" title="Oopiumi – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oopiumi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ipiam" title="Óipiam – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Óipiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opio" title="Opio – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Opio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍉𐍀𐌾𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍉𐍀𐌾𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אופיום – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE" title="अफ़ीम – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़ीम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opijum" title="Opijum – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opijum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93pium" title="Ópium – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ópium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%83%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ափիոն – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ափիոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opio" title="Opio – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Opio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madat_(narkotika)" title="Madat (narkotika) – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madat (narkotika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiumo" title="Opiumo – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Opiumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93p%C3%ADum" title="Ópíum – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ópíum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppio" title="Oppio – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oppio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3" title="アヘン – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アヘン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოპიუმი – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಫೀಮು – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಫೀಮು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8E%B8" title="아편 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아편" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Апийим – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Апийим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ຝິ່ນ – Kilaosi" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຝິ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Kilaosi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opijus" title="Opijus – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Opijus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opijs" title="Opijs – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Opijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опиум – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Опиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D)" title="കറുപ്പ് (മയക്കുമരുന്ന്) – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കറുപ്പ് (മയക്കുമരുന്ന്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82" title="अफू – Kimarathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अफू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Kimarathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candu" title="Candu – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Candu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဘိန်း – Kiburma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Kiburma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="अफिम – Kinepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अफिम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Kinepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="अफिम – Kinewari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अफिम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Kinewari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92pi" title="Òpi – Kiokitani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òpi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Kiokitani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qimaaxari" title="Qimaaxari – Kioromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qimaaxari" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Kioromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE" title="ਅਫ਼ੀਮ – Kipunjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਫ਼ੀਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Kipunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اپين – Kipashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اپين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Kipashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93pio" title="Ópio – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ópio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiu" title="Opiu – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Opiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опиум – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Опиум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आफीनम् – Kisanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आफीनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Kisanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loppiu" title="Loppiu – Kisicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Loppiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Kisicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85" title="آفيم – Kisindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آفيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Kisindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opijum" title="Opijum – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93pium" title="Ópium – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ópium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opij" title="Opij – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Opij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опијум – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium" title="Opium – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Opium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="அபினி – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அபினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Афюн – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Афюн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ฝิ่น – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝิ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opyo" title="Opyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Opyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afyon_(narkotik)" title="Afyon (narkotik) – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afyon (narkotik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Опіум – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Опіум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="افیون – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afyun" title="Afyun – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afyun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_phi%E1%BB%87n" title="Thuốc phiện – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuốc phiện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opyo" title="Opyo – Kiwaray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Opyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Kiwaray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%83%9F" title="大烟 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大烟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოპიუმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოპიუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87" title="鸦片 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸦片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87" title="鴉片 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鴉片" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-phi%C3%A0n" title="A-phiàn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-phiàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87" title="鴉片 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鴉片" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Afyuni"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Afyuni"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Afyuni" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Afyuni" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&oldid=1267800" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Afyuni&id=1267800&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAfyuni"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAfyuni"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Afyuni"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Afyuni&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Opium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46452" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Field_of_opium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Field_of_opium.jpg/220px-Field_of_opium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Field_of_opium.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Shamba la mpopi chanzo cha afyuni.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Black_tar_(raw)_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Black_tar_%28raw%29_opium_seized_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Afyuni bichi kutoka nchini Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Afyuni</b> (kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiarabu" title="Kiarabu">Kiarabu</a> <b>أفيون</b>) ni <a href="/wiki/Dawa" title="Dawa">dawa</a> asilia inayopatikana kutokana na <a href="/wiki/Utomvu" title="Utomvu">utomvu</a> uliokauka wa <a href="/wiki/Maua" class="mw-redirect" title="Maua">maua</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Mpopi" title="Mpopi">mpopi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jina_la_kisayansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jina la kisayansi">jina la kisayansi</a>: Papaver somniferum - kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a>: Opium poppy). Ndani yake mna <a href="/wiki/Kemikali" title="Kemikali">kemikali</a> mbalimbali ambazo ni kati ya dawa kali kabisa zenye uwezo wa kutuliza <a href="/wiki/Maumivu" title="Maumivu">maumivu</a> lakini zinasababisha pia <a href="/wiki/Ulevi" title="Ulevi">ulevi</a> unaozoesha <a href="/wiki/Watu" class="mw-redirect" title="Watu">watu</a> haraka na kuwafanya wasiweze kuacha ulevi huo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwezo_na_hatari_za_afyuni">Uwezo na hatari za afyuni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Uwezo na hatari za afyuni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Uwezo na hatari za afyuni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Afyuni hutuliza maumivu, kuondoa mikakamao, inapunguza <a href="/wiki/Hisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisi">hisi</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Njaa" title="Njaa">njaa</a> na husimamisha <a href="/wiki/Kuhara" title="Kuhara">kuhara</a>. Inasababisha pia <a href="/wiki/Ndoto" title="Ndoto">ndoto</a> zinazopendwa na watu na kutokana na uwezo huo afyuni ina hatari ya kuzoesha watu kuitumia. </p><p>Ikitumiwa mno inaweza kuua watu wanaoacha kula au kwa kusimamisha kazi ya mapavu. Hatari zake ni hasa upande wa <a href="/wiki/Roho" title="Roho">roho</a> kwa sababu watu wanaotegemea matumizi yake hawawezi kuiacha tena. Inapunguza uwezo wa <a href="/wiki/Akili" title="Akili">akili</a> na kunia kitu na kufuatilia mipango. </p><p>Siku hizi afyuni hutumiwa hasa kwa kutoa kemikali ndani yake na kutengeneza dawa kama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfini (bado haujaandikwa)">morfini</a> na <a href="/wiki/Heroini" title="Heroini">heroini</a> yanayotumiwa kama <a href="/wiki/Tiba" title="Tiba">tiba</a> lakini zaidi kama <a href="/wiki/Madawa_ya_kulevya" title="Madawa ya kulevya">madawa ya kulevya</a> ambayo ni hatari na haramu kote <a href="/wiki/Duniani" class="mw-redirect" title="Duniani">duniani</a> yakitumiwa nje ya tiba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mavuno_ya_afyuni">Mavuno ya afyuni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Mavuno ya afyuni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mavuno ya afyuni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg/220px-Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg/330px-Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg/440px-Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Tumba la mpopi limekatwa na utomvu mweupe unatoka nje; baada ya masaa utaganda kuwa kama mpira kahawia-nyeusi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Utomvu wa mpopi ni majimaji meupe yanayoganda haraka <a href="/wiki/Hewa" title="Hewa">hewani</a> kuwa <a href="/wiki/Dutu" title="Dutu">dutu</a> yenye <a href="/wiki/Rangi" title="Rangi">rangi</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Kahawia" title="Kahawia">kahawia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nyeusi" title="Nyeusi">nyeusi</a> inayofanana na <a href="/wiki/Mpira" title="Mpira">mpira</a>. Katika hali hii huitwa afyuni bichi na ilitumiwa tangu kale kama dawa ya kutuliza maumivu likawezesha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waganga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waganga (bado haujaandikwa)">waganga</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Wahindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahindi">Wahindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wachina" class="mw-redirect" title="Wachina">Wachina</a> na <a href="/wiki/Waroma_wa_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Waroma wa Kale">Waroma wa Kale</a> kutekeleza <a href="/wiki/Upasuaji" title="Upasuaji">upasuaji</a> wa watu. Pamoja na matumizi hayo ilijulikana pia kama dawa la kulevya lakini hii ilikuwa matumizi ya pembeni tu hadi <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_15" title="Karne ya 15">karne ya 15</a> <a href="/wiki/BK" class="mw-redirect" title="BK">BK</a>. </p><p>Tangu karne ya 15 nchini <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> watu walianza kutumia afyuni bichi kama dawa la <a href="/wiki/Burudani" title="Burudani">burudani</a> wakilenga ulevi wake. Lakini matumizi hayo yalipatikana mara chache tu kutokana na uhaba na <a href="/wiki/Gharama" title="Gharama">gharama</a> za afyuni huko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_ya_usambazaji_wake_kama_dawa_la_kulevya">Historia ya usambazaji wake kama dawa la kulevya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia ya usambazaji wake kama dawa la kulevya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia ya usambazaji wake kama dawa la kulevya"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Waingereza" class="mw-redirect" title="Waingereza">Waingereza</a> ndio walioanza kulima mpopi na kutengeneza afyuni kwa wingi katika <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">makoloni</a> yao huko <a href="/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi">Uhindi</a> walipoona <a href="/wiki/Soko" title="Soko">soko</a> lake huko China. Wakasambaza afyuni kwa <a href="/wiki/Bei" title="Bei">bei</a> ndogo katika nchi nyingi za <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> hasa China. Upatikanaji huu wa afyuni ulisababisha matumizi yake na watu wengi waliozoeshwa nayo na kuitegemea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">Serikali</a> ya China iliona hasara ya <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a> hiyo kwanza kwa sababu ya hatari kwa afya ya wananchi, pili kwa sababu ya hasara kwa <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a> kutokana na watu kupoteza muda kwa ulevi na pia gharama za kununua afyuni kutoka nje. Serikali ilipokataa kuingizwa kwa afyuni, Uingereza ilishambulia China katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_ya_afyuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vita ya afyuni (bado haujaandikwa)">vita ya afyuni</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a> na tena <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>) ikailazimisha kukubali biashara hii. </p><p>Mwaka <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> <a href="/wiki/Robo" title="Robo">robo</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Wanaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanaume">wanaume</a> wote nchini China walitegemea matumizi ya afyuni ya mara kwa mara. Tatizo hili liliendelea hadi kukomeshwa kwa biashara yake chini ya <a href="/wiki/Utawala" title="Utawala">utawala</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Wakomunisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakomunisti">Wakomunisti</a> wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao_Dzedong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mao Dzedong (bado haujaandikwa)">Mao Dzedong</a>. </p><p>Baada ya <a href="/wiki/Vita_kuu_ya_pili_ya_dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita kuu ya pili ya dunia">vita kuu ya pili ya dunia</a> matumizi ya afyuni yalipungua lakini matumizi ya madawa yanayotolewa ndani yake kama heroini yamezidi duniani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mengineyo">Mengineyo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Mengineyo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mengineyo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nchini <a href="/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki">Uturuki</a> kuna <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mji</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar" title="Afyonkarahisar">Afyonkarahisar</a> lililopata <a href="/wiki/Jina" title="Jina">jina</a> lake kutokana na <a href="/wiki/Kilimo" title="Kilimo">kilimo</a> cha <a href="/wiki/Mipopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mipopi">mipopi</a> na utengenezaji wa afyuni. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&oldid=1267800">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afyuni&oldid=1267800</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Madawa_ya_Kulevya" title="Jamii:Madawa ya Kulevya">Madawa ya Kulevya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Madawa" title="Jamii:Madawa">Madawa</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 15 Februari 2023, saa 20:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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