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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="کوواله پانقسکیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوواله پانقسکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="کوواله پانگسکیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوواله پانگسکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="קובלה פנסקיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קובלה פנסקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Ковале-Пански – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ковале-Пански" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Ковале-Пански – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ковале-Пански" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ковале-Панські – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ковале-Панські" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie" title="Kowale Pańskie – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kowale Pańskie" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&params=51_56_N_18_32_E_region:PL_type:city(190)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°56′N</span> <span class="longitude">18°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.933°N 18.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.933; 18.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kowale Pańskie</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Village</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg/260px-Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg/390px-Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg/520px-Rzeka_Kie%C5%82baska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">River Kiełbaska running through northern part of Kowale Pańskie</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kowale Pańskie is located in Poland"><img alt="Kowale Pańskie is located in Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="837" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.262%;left:44.234%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kowale Pańskie"><img alt="Kowale Pańskie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kowale Pańskie</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&params=51_56_N_18_32_E_region:PL_type:city(190)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°56′N</span> <span class="longitude">18°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.933°N 18.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.933; 18.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Voivodeship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Greater Poland Voivodeship">Greater Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turek_County" title="Turek County">Turek</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn" title="Gmina Kawęczyn">Kawęczyn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">190</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kowale Pańskie</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[kɔˈvalɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaj̃skʲɛ]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> in the administrative district of <a href="/wiki/Gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn" title="Gmina Kawęczyn">Gmina Kawęczyn</a>, within <a href="/wiki/Turek_County" title="Turek County">Turek County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Greater Poland Voivodeship">Greater Poland Voivodeship</a>, in west-central Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-TERYT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TERYT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Kaw%C4%99czyn,_Turek_County" title="Kawęczyn, Turek County">Kawęczyn</a>, 10 km (6 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Turek,_Poland" title="Turek, Poland">Turek</a>, and 122 km (76 mi) south-east of the regional capital <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Village Kowale existed already in the 13th century. Bought by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Jakub_%C5%9Awinka" title="Jakub Świnka">Jakub Świnka</a> around 1280 it remained the property of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gniezno" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno">Gniezno Archdiocese</a> until the 18th century. The name Kowale appeared in the 17th century, in reference to a community of blacksmiths (<i>kowale</i> in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>) servicing local market. The church, founded by Antoni Czarnecki, was built in 1847; the church's <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> included 12 villages. In mid 19th century, during the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a>, the population of Kowale Pańskie (and the adjacent Wola Kowalska) was only 323 people, half of whom lived and worked around the local historic manor (built in 1750), owned by industrialist Robert Schultz who run a steam-powered mill. Kowale Pańskie consisted of 30 farms. The inhabitants was predominantly Polish, with some German and even fewer Jewish families.<sup id="cite_ref-SnRR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SnRR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland's return to independence</a> Kowale became the county seat (<i><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">gmina</a></i>) in 1928 consisting of 59 settlements. Volunteer fire station was built, a school complex (1933),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a community bank (<i>Gminna Kasa Pożyczkowo-Oszczędnościowa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-SnRR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SnRR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_the_Holocaust">World War II and the Holocaust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II and the Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_German-occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland">Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland</a></div> <p>With the German <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> at the onset of World War II, Kowale became part of <i><a href="/wiki/Turek" class="mw-redirect" title="Turek">Turek</a> Kreis</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland">Reichsgau Wartheland</a></i> territory <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">annexed directly to Nazi Germany</a>. Kowale county was chosen as the location of a <a href="/wiki/Ghettos_in_Nazi-occupied_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe">transit ghetto</a> for Polish Jews from the entire region spanning 16 settlements including Turek.<sup id="cite_ref-Encycl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encycl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ghetto – centred around <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Czachulec" title="Nowy Czachulec">Czachulec</a> – was known in German as <i>Heidemühle</i> in reference to an old <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a> standing there; all Polish families were expelled from the zone with younger Poles taken to Germany for slave labour. The Nazis ordered the creation of a single <i><a href="/wiki/Judenrat" title="Judenrat">Judenrat</a></i> council for all Jewish communities together. The ghetto held 3,700 Jews; up to 18 families per each farmhouse living anywhere they could including in barnyards.<sup id="cite_ref-Czachulec_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czachulec-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1941, <i>SS-Sturmbannführer</i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Lange" title="Herbert Lange">Herbert Lange</a> chose nearby Chełmno as the location of the first ever <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">extermination camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Browning2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browning2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nazi_gas_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi gas van">gas vans</a> manufactured in Berlin were delivered some time in November.<sup id="cite_ref-vans_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vans-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 November 1941, all Jews from the Kowale Pańskie Ghetto were herded in the village of Bielawki for a selection. About 1,100 people were declared "incapable of work" and on 13–14 November transported to the <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camp</a> in Chełmno. The younger and stronger men in Kowale were deported to forced labour near <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> in early 1942, followed by a group of Jewish women. The final liquidation of the ghetto took place on 20 July 1942, when the remaining Jews were sent to Chełmno, but also murdered outside the village, along with Jewish hospital patients and 12 Jewish policemen. The inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Babiak,_Ko%C5%82o_County" title="Babiak, Koło County">Babiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C4%85bie,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Dąbie, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Dąbie</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C4%99by_Szlacheckie" title="Dęby Szlacheckie">Dęby Szlacheckie</a>, Grodziec, <a href="/wiki/Izbica_Kujawska" title="Izbica Kujawska">Izbica Kujawska</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%82odawa" title="Kłodawa">Kłodawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82o" title="Koło">Koło</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowiny_Brdowskie" title="Nowiny Brdowskie">Nowiny Brdowskie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sompolno" title="Sompolno">Sompolno</a> were deported to Chełmno before March 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holocaust in occupied Poland">The Holocaust in occupied Poland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TERYT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TERYT_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa">"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)"</a> (in Polish). 2008-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Statistical+Office+%28GUS%29+-+TERYT+%28National+Register+of+Territorial+Land+Apportionment+Journal%29&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fbroker%2Faccess%2Fprefile%2FlistPreFiles.jspa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SnRR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SnRR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SnRR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrzej_Tyczyno2010" class="citation web cs1">Andrzej Tyczyno (31 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708132944/http://stowarzyszenie-kmiecik.blog.onet.pl/2010/01/31/kowale-panskie/">"Kowale Pańskie"</a>. <i>Settlement history</i>. Stowarzyszenie na Rzecz Rozwoju Powiatu Tureckiego. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stowarzyszenie-kmiecik.blog.onet.pl/2010/01/31/kowale-panskie/">the original</a> on 8 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Settlement+history&rft.atitle=Kowale+Pa%C5%84skie&rft.date=2010-01-31&rft.au=Andrzej+Tyczyno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstowarzyszenie-kmiecik.blog.onet.pl%2F2010%2F01%2F31%2Fkowale-panskie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZespół_Szkół_w_Kowalach_Pańskich" class="citation web cs1">Zespół Szkół w Kowalach Pańskich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://szkolakowalepanskie.edupage.org/about/?subpage=1">"O szkole"</a> [School History]. Szkoła Podstawowa i Gimnazjum w Kowalach Pańskich.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+szkole&rft.pub=Szko%C5%82a+Podstawowa+i+Gimnazjum+w+Kowalach+Pa%C5%84skich&rft.au=Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82+Szk%C3%B3%C5%82+w+Kowalach+Pa%C5%84skich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fszkolakowalepanskie.edupage.org%2Fabout%2F%3Fsubpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encycl-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encycl_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYizkor_Book_Project2008" class="citation web cs1">Yizkor Book Project (2008). "Kowale Pańskie, District of Turek". Translated by Ada Holtzman. JewishGen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kowale+Pa%C5%84skie%2C+District+of+Turek&rft.pub=JewishGen&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Yizkor+Book+Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <i>Also in:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkas_Hakehilot1976" class="citation web cs1">Pinkas Hakehilot (1976). "Kowale Pańskie". <i>Communities of Lodz and Its Region</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, Jerusalem: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities: Poland. Vol I.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Communities+of+Lodz+and+Its+Region&rft.atitle=Kowale+Pa%C5%84skie&rft.pages=Vol+I&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Pinkas+Hakehilot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czachulec-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Czachulec_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZbigniew_Nabzdyk2012" class="citation web cs1">Zbigniew Nabzdyk; et al. (18 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koninskagazetainternetowa.pl/2012/07/18/historia-kaweczyn-getto-czachulec/">"Getto Czachulec"</a>. Konińska Gazeta Internetowa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getto+Czachulec&rft.pub=Koni%C5%84ska+Gazeta+Internetowa&rft.date=2012-07-18&rft.au=Zbigniew+Nabzdyk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoninskagazetainternetowa.pl%2F2012%2F07%2F18%2Fhistoria-kaweczyn-getto-czachulec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Browning2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Browning2011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_R._Browning2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Browning" title="Christopher R. Browning">Christopher R. Browning</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4YJnsqPiP7QC&q=Chelmno+death+camp"><i>Remembering Survival: Inside a Nazi Slave-Labor Camp</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 54, 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393338874" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393338874"><bdi>978-0393338874</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Survival%3A+Inside+a+Nazi+Slave-Labor+Camp&rft.pages=54%2C+65&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0393338874&rft.au=Christopher+R.+Browning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4YJnsqPiP7QC%26q%3DChelmno%2Bdeath%2Bcamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <i>Also in:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolocaust_Research_Project.org2007" class="citation web cs1">Holocaust Research Project.org (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/chelmnoSSstafflist.html">"Lange, Herbert; SS-Hauptsturmführer"</a>. <i>Chelmno Death Camp Dramatis Personae</i>. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chelmno+Death+Camp+Dramatis+Personae&rft.atitle=Lange%2C+Herbert%3B+SS-Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Holocaust+Research+Project.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaustresearchproject.org%2Fothercamps%2FchelmnoSSstafflist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vans-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vans_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathias_Beer_(translated_from_the_German)2015" class="citation web cs1">Mathias Beer (translated from the German) (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/vans.html">"The Development of the Gas-Van in the Murdering of the Jews"</a>. <i>The Final Solution</i>. Jewish Virtual Library. "Die Entwicklung der Gaswagen beim Mord an den Juden," Miszelle. Vierteljahrshefte fuer Zeitgeschichte, 37 (3), pp. 403-417<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Final+Solution&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Gas-Van+in+the+Murdering+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=%22Die+Entwicklung+der+Gaswagen+beim+Mord+an+den+Juden%2C%22+Miszelle.+Vierteljahrshefte+fuer+Zeitgeschichte%2C+37+%283%29%2C+pp.+403-417.&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Mathias+Beer+%28translated+from+the+German%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fvans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolocaust_Encyclopedia2016" class="citation web cs1">Holocaust Encyclopedia (2016). "Deportations to Chelmno". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deportations+to+Chelmno&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <i>Also in:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Gilbert2009" class="citation book cs1">Martin Gilbert (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5NNU9nW7EnAC&q=Kowale+Panskie+1941"><i>The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust</i></a>. Routledge. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415484817" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415484817"><bdi>978-0415484817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Atlas+of+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0415484817&rft.au=Martin+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5NNU9nW7EnAC%26q%3DKowale%2BPanskie%2B1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKowale+Pa%C5%84skie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg/50px-POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg/75px-POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg/100px-POL_gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="888" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dziech%C3%B3w" title="Będziechów">Będziechów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocim,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Chocim, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Chocim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciemie%C5%84" title="Ciemień">Ciemień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzierzbotki" title="Dzierzbotki">Dzierzbotki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziewi%C4%85tka,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Dziewiątka, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Dziewiątka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82uch%C3%B3w,_Turek_County" title="Głuchów, Turek County">Głuchów</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kowale Pańskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowale_Pa%C5%84skie-Kolonia" title="Kowale Pańskie-Kolonia">Kowale Pańskie-Kolonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C5%9Bnictwo,_Turek_County" title="Leśnictwo, Turek County">Leśnictwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcin%C3%B3w,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Marcinów, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Marcinów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcjan%C3%B3w,_Turek_County" title="Marcjanów, Turek County">Marcjanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian%C3%B3w,_Turek_County" title="Marianów, Turek County">Marianów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian%C3%B3w-Kolonia" title="Marianów-Kolonia">Marianów-Kolonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milej%C3%B3w,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Milejów, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Milejów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%82odzian%C3%B3w,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Młodzianów, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Młodzianów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_Czachulec" title="Nowy Czachulec">Nowy Czachulec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_%C5%9Awiat,_Gmina_Kaw%C4%99czyn" title="Nowy Świat, Gmina Kawęczyn">Nowy Świat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okr%C4%99glica,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Okręglica, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Okręglica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siedliska,_Turek_County" title="Siedliska, Turek County">Siedliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skar%C5%BCyn,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Skarżyn, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Skarżyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82awa,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Stanisława, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Stanisława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokary_Drugie" title="Tokary Drugie">Tokary Drugie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokary_Pierwsze" title="Tokary Pierwsze">Tokary Pierwsze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech%C3%B3w,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Wojciechów, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Wojciechów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBd%C5%BCary,_Turek_County" title="Żdżary, Turek County">Żdżary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pańskie&oldid=1241006413">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kowale_Pańskie&oldid=1241006413</a>"</div></div> <div 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