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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音韵学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音韵学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>音韵学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-音韵学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关音韵学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-音韵学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-辅音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辅音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>辅音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辅音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>重音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-正寫法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正寫法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>正寫法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正寫法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言现状" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言现状"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>语言现状</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言现状-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-下索布语教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#下索布语教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>下索布语教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-下索布语教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-下索布语媒体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#下索布语媒体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>下索布语媒体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-下索布语媒体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-未来发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#未来发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>未来发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-未来发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参閱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参閱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参閱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参閱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部链接子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-词典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>词典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-德语-下索布语词典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#德语-下索布语词典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>德语-下索布语词典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-德语-下索布语词典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-下索布语-德语词典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#下索布语-德语词典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>下索布语-德语词典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-下索布语-德语词典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">下索布语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。77种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-Sorbies" title="Neder-Sorbies – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neder-Sorbies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedersorbische_Sprache" title="Niedersorbische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niedersorbische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B3%E1%89%BD%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%B6%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="የታችኛው ሶርብኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የታችኛው ሶርብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D9%89" title="اللغة الصوربية السفلى – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الصوربية السفلى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_so_sorabo" title="Idioma so sorabo – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma so sorabo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_sorb_dili" title="Aşağı sorb dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aşağı sorb dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آشاغی سورب دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آشاغی سورب دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Түбәнге лужи теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Түбәнге лужи теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ніжнялужыцкая мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніжнялужыцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ніжнялужыцкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніжнялужыцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Долнолужишки език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Долнолужишки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donjolu%C5%BEi%C4%8Dkosrpski_jezik" title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baix_s%C3%B2rab" title="Baix sòrab – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baix sòrab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_sorb_tili" title="Aşağı sorb tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Aşağı sorb tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnolu%C5%BEick%C3%A1_srb%C5%A1tina" title="Dolnolužická srbština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolnolužická srbština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lnosorbsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Dólnosorbsczi jãzëk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Dólnosorbsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%A5%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Дольнѥсрьбьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Дольнѥсрьбьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Анат лужица чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анат лужица чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedersorbische_Sprache" title="Niedersorbische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niedersorbische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnoserb%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Dolnoserbšćina – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Dolnoserbšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κάτω Σορβική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάτω Σορβική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lower Sorbian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malsuprasoraba_lingvo" title="Malsuprasoraba lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malsuprasoraba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_bajo_sorabo" title="Idioma bajo sorabo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma bajo sorabo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamsorbi_keel" title="Alamsorbi keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alamsorbi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behe_sorabiera" title="Behe sorabiera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Behe sorabiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان سوربی پایینی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان سوربی پایینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_sorabe" title="Bas sorabe – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bas sorabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leechsorbysk" title="Leechsorbysk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leechsorbysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2rbais_%C3%8Cochdarach" title="Sòrbais Ìochdarach – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sòrbais Ìochdarach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo_sorabo" title="Baixo sorabo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baixo sorabo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbish_Eeghtyragh" title="Sorbish Eeghtyragh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sorbish Eeghtyragh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2i-thi_Sorbia-ng%C3%AE" title="Tâi-thi Sorbia-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tâi-thi Sorbia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donjolu%C5%BEi%C4%8Dkosrpski_jezik" title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delnjoserb%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Delnjoserbšćina – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Delnjoserbšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sorbia_Hilir" title="Bahasa Sorbia Hilir – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Sorbia Hilir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass-sorabian" title="Bass-sorabian – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bass-sorabian" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Akinbaba_a_Sorabo" title="Pagsasao nga Akinbaba a Sorabo – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Akinbaba a Sorabo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_soraba_inferiore" title="Lingua soraba inferiore – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua soraba inferiore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E8%AA%9E" title="低地ソルブ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="低地ソルブ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Төменгі сорб тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төменгі сорб тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80_%EC%86%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4" title="저지 소르브어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저지 소르브어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Улыс сорб кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Улыс сорб кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niddersorbesch" title="Niddersorbesch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Niddersorbesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedersorbisch" title="Nedersorbisch – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nedersorbisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorab_de_Sotta" title="Sorab de Sotta – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sorab de Sotta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDemutini%C5%B3_sorb%C5%B3_kalba" title="Žemutinių sorbų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemutinių sorbų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejassorbu_valoda" title="Lejassorbu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lejassorbu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Долнолужички јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Долнолужички јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neddersorbsche_Spraak" title="Neddersorbsche Spraak – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Neddersorbsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedersorbisch" title="Nedersorbisch – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nedersorbisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_sorab" title="Bas sorab – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bas sorab" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_dolno%C5%82u%C5%BCycki" title="Język dolnołużycki – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język dolnołużycki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Sorbian_bass" title="Lenga Sorbian bass – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Sorbian bass" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ادلی سوربین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ادلی سوربین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ښکته سوربیايي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښکته سوربیايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo_sor%C3%A1bio" title="Baixo sorábio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baixo sorábio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_sorab%C4%83_de_jos" title="Limba sorabă de jos – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba sorabă de jos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нижнелужицкий язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нижнелужицкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_s%C3%B2raba_de_giosso" title="Limba sòraba de giosso – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba sòraba de giosso" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donjolu%C5%BEi%C4%8Dkosrpski_jezik" title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donjolužičkosrpski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lower Sorbian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnolu%C5%BEick%C3%A1_srb%C4%8Dina" title="Dolnolužická srbčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolnolužická srbčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnjesrb%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Dolnjesrbščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dolnjesrbščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_sorbiane_e_poshtme" title="Gjuha sorbiane e poshtme – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha sorbiane e poshtme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Доњолужичкосрпски језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Доњолужичкосрпски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnosorbsko_godka" title="Dolnosorbsko godka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Dolnosorbsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கீழ் சொருபிய மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கீழ் சொருபிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Sorbca" title="Aşağı Sorbca – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aşağı Sorbca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Түбән Лужица теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Түбән Лужица теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нижньолужицька мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нижньолужицька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیریں سوربی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیریں سوربی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_H%E1%BA%A1_Sorb" title="Tiếng Hạ Sorb – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hạ Sorb" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="下索布语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="下索布语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81_Sorbia-g%C3%AD" title="Hā Sorbia-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hā Sorbia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E6%96%87" title="下索布文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="下索布文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">下索布语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;">dolnoserbski, dolnoserbšćina</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ˈdɔlnɔˌsɛrskʲi]</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃兰登堡">勃兰登堡</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7240<sup id="cite_ref-sprecherzahl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprecherzahl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（1995）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84-%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波罗的-斯拉夫诸语言（页面不存在）">波罗的-斯拉夫诸语言</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="西斯拉夫语支">西斯拉夫语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>下索布语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">下索布语字母</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/dsb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:dsb">dsb</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/dsb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:dsb">dsb</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="瀕危語言項目">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4109">Lower Sorbian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">瀕危程度</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="color:gold;"><b>危险</b></span>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO</a>）<div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/288px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png" decoding="async" width="288" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/432px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/576px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示，否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>下索布语</b>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">下索布語</a>：<span lang="dsb">dolnoserbšćina</span>，<small>發音：</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="國際音標標示發音" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">[ˈdɔlnɔˌsɛrskʲi]</a></span>），亦称<b>低地索布语</b>，是现今使用于德国东部的一种少数民族语言，是一种西斯拉夫语支的语言，为<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a>的分支之一，其另一分支为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a>。 </p><p>下索布语主要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃兰登堡">勃兰登堡</a>州<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="科特布斯">科特布斯</a>及周边地区使用，这些地区的路牌通常都会采用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>和下索布语两种语言书写。在科特布斯有一所<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="下索布语高级中学" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Niedersorbisches Gymnasium Cottbus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下索布语高级中学（页面不存在）">下索布语高级中学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedersorbisches_Gymnasium_Cottbus" class="extiw" title="de:Niedersorbisches Gymnasium Cottbus"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Niedersorbisches Gymnasium Cottbus</span></a></span>）</span></span>，主要进行下索布语的传承保护工作。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>字母</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下索布语有自己的字母，跟属日耳曼语族的德语有很大的差别，而与其另一分支<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a>差别不大。 </p> <table style="margin:0.2em auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #ced8df;clear:both;width:36em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="30" style="background:#efefef;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">下索布语</a>字母 </th></tr> <tr lang="dsb"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Č</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">č</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%86" title="Ć">Ć</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%86" title="Ć">ć</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dź">Dź</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dź">dź</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">Ě</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">ě</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ch_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" title="Ch (二合字母)">Ch</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ch_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" title="Ch (二合字母)">ch</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="dsb"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">Ł</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">ł</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%83" title="Ń">Ń</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%83" title="Ń">ń</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">Ó</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">ó</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%94" title="Ŕ">Ŕ</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%94" title="Ŕ">ŕ</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">š</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A" title="Ś">Ś</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A" title="Ś">ś</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="dsb"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">ž</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%B9" title="Ź">Ź</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%B9" title="Ź">ź</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音韵学"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.B5.E5.AD.A6"></span>音韵学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：音韵学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg/220px-Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg/330px-Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg/440px-Cottbus_zweisprachige_Strassenbezeichnung_zugeschnitten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>在德国<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="科特布斯">科特布斯</a>市的双语路牌</figcaption></figure> <p>从音韵学角度看，下索布语的发音受到了德语的很多影响，在勃兰登堡以及部分较大的城镇这种影响更加明显。例如受到德语影响，使得齿龈颤音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[r]</span>更倾向于发出<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁小舌擦音">浊小舌擦音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʁ]</span>，以及<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[lʲ]</span>音会更倾向于发出一个“清晰的”没有过多<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="颚音化">颚音化</a>的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span>。在较为偏远的地区，这样的变化并不明显，也就是说在这些偏远地区下索布语的发音听起来要更加的传统化一些。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="辅音"><span id=".E8.BE.85.E9.9F.B3"></span>辅音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：辅音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下索布语的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>如下表所示： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">双唇音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇齿音">唇齿音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齦後音">龈后音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈腭音">龈腭音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="腭音">腭音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="声门音">声门音</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th>非颚化 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎化">颚化</a> </th> <th>非颚化 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎化">颚化</a> </th> <th>非颚化 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎化">颚化</a> </th> <th>非颚化 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎化">颚化</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʲ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">浊音</a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">b</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">bʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">d</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɡ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɡʲ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t͡s</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t͡ʃ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t͡ɕ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">浊音</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">d͡ʒ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">d͡ʑ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">m</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">fʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">s</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʃ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɕ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">x</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">h</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">浊音</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">v</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">vʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">z</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʒ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʑ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/R%E9%9F%B3" title="R音">R音</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">r</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">rʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">j</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>下索布语存在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AB%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3%E6%B8%85%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="末塞音清化（页面不存在）">末塞音清化</a>与逆同化现象。 </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/dub/</span> “橡树”发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[dup]</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/susedka/</span>“（阴性）邻居”发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[susetka]</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/lʲit͡sba/</span>“数字”发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[lʲid͡zba]</span></li></ul> <p>龈后音的擦音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʃ/</span>会在<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͡ɕ/</span>音前被同化为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span>： </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʃt͡ɕit/</span>“保护”发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕt͡ɕit]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下索布语的元音音位如下表所示： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="單元音">单元音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前元音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央元音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">后元音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="闭元音">闭元音</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɨ</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">u</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="半开元音">半开元音</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开元音">开元音</a></b> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">a</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="双元音">双元音</a> </th> <th>集中双元音 </th> <th>以<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j/</span>结尾 </th> <th>以<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/w/</span>结尾 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>闭元音起始</b> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">iɪ</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ij  ɨj  uj</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">iw  ɨw  uw</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>半闭元音起始</b> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ej  ɔj</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛw  ow</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>开元音起始</b> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">aj</span> </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">aw</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重音"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E9.9F.B3"></span>重音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：重音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通常情况下，下索布语单词的重音都落在第一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>，例如： </p> <ul><li><i>Łužyca</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈvuʒɨtsa/</span> “<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E8%90%A8%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A" title="卢萨蒂亚">卢萨蒂亚</a>”</li> <li><i>pśijaśel</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈpɕijaɕɛlʲ/</span> “朋友”</li> <li><i>Chóśebuz</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈxɨɕɛbus/</span> “科特布斯”</li></ul> <p>在外来语中，单词的重音可能会落在最后三个音节中的任何一个之上，例如： </p> <ul><li><i>internat</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/intɛrˈnat/</span> “寄宿制学校”</li> <li><i>kontrola</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/kɔnˈtrɔlʲa/</span> “控制”</li> <li><i>september</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/sɛpˈtɛmbɛr/</span> “九月”</li> <li><i>policija</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/pɔˈlʲitsija/</span> “警察”</li> <li><i>organizacija</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɔrɡanʲiˈzatsija/</span> “组织”</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="正寫法"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E5.AF.AB.E6.B3.95"></span>正寫法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：正寫法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下索布语的书写系统是基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>的，但其使用了包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="锐音符">锐音符</a>在内的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a>，下索布语的标准<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="字符编码">字符编码</a>为<a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">ISO/IEC 8859-2</a>，即“Latin-2”或“中欧语言”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语言现状"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.8E.B0.E7.8A.B6"></span>语言现状</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：语言现状"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1998年德国签署了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E6%88%96%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0" title="歐洲區域或少數民族語言憲章">欧洲区域或少数民族语言宪章</a>》后，下索布语的地位正式得到了官方的承认<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尽管说下索布语和上索布语的关系十分密切，但是其独特的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">书写文字</a>使得其与上索布语相区分。 </p><p>从1993年到1995年在卢萨蒂亚地区进行了一项研究调查，以便人们了解这一语言的使用者人数、使用者的年龄层分布以及这种语言的状况是否良好<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。部分地区的调查结果如下表所示： </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <caption><b> 下索布语在部分地区的调查结果</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;">地区名称（德语/下索布语）</th> <th style="background:#87CEEB;">下索布语使用率</th> <th style="background:#87CEEB;">语言保护状态 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Dissen</span>/<span lang="dsb">Dešno</span></td> <td>28.9%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Fehrow</span>/<span lang="dsb">Prjawoz</span></td> <td>25.7%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Neuendorf</span>/<span lang="dsb">Nowa Wjas</span></td> <td>23.5%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Müschen</span>/<span lang="dsb">Myšyn</span></td> <td>21.4%</td> <td>差 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Preilack</span>/<span lang="dsb">Pśiłuk</span></td> <td>20.3%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Guhrow</span>/<span lang="dsb">Gory</span></td> <td>19.4%</td> <td>差 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Jänschwalde</span>/<span lang="dsb">Janšojce</span></td> <td>18.9%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Babow</span>/<span lang="dsb">Bobow</span></td> <td>16.6%</td> <td>差 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Tauer</span>/<span lang="dsb">Turjej</span></td> <td>16.3%</td> <td>差 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Drehnow</span>/<span lang="dsb">Drjenow</span></td> <td>16.0%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Döbbrick</span>/<span lang="dsb">Depsk</span></td> <td>15.4%</td> <td>良好 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="de">Merzdorf</span>/<span lang="dsb">Žylowk</span></td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>差 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>时至今日，依旧有7000至10000人在使用下索布语，但其中的主要人群是60岁以上的老年人<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这样的状况要比上索布语的状况糟糕一些，后者现今仍有很多年轻的使用者。 </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <caption><b> 下索布语使用发展情况百分比统计</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;"><b>县名称</b></th> <th>Calau</th> <th>Cottbus</th> <th>Guben</th> <th>Luckau</th> <th>Lübben</th> <th>Sorau</th> <th>Spremberg </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;"><b>1843年</b></th> <th>30.8</th> <th>71.1</th> <th>1.1</th> <th>0.05</th> <th>3.6</th> <th>5.4</th> <th>64 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;"><b>1900年</b></th> <th>3.5</th> <th>56</th> <th>1.2</th> <th>0</th> <th>0.2</th> <th>0.1</th> <th>4 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>在那些下索布语保护情况较好的地区可以看到这些地区都有下索布语的学习和教学活动，此外1941年在迪森县和1894年在延施瓦尔德县掀起的对下索布语的热潮也促进了对下索布语的保护。 </p><p>与上索布语不同，下索布语缺少一个稳定的以该语言为主要语言的核心语言区。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="下索布语教育"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E7.B4.A2.E5.B8.83.E8.AF.AD.E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>下索布语教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：下索布语教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schulen_1954-55.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Schulen_1954-55.PNG/220px-Schulen_1954-55.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Schulen_1954-55.PNG/330px-Schulen_1954-55.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Schulen_1954-55.PNG 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>1954/55学年下索布语B类学校的分布情况</figcaption></figure> <p>在学校中，下索布语的教学通常被局限在宗教学习以及用于辅助德语的学习。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="纳粹主义">纳粹主义</a>时期，下索布语的使用在任何场合都被完全禁止<sup id="cite_ref-table_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-table-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1945年后下索布语的使用情况依旧不容乐观，主要是由于人们受到一些观念的影响，例如当时人们认为下索布语教学更多的是一种带有艺术色彩的东西等。在1952年之后，随着一次教学课程的变革，下索布语的地位终于得到了改善<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在国家支持建设的学校中开始教授学生下索布语。1954和1955这两学年一共有22所B类型<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>的学校，而 <span lang="de">Döbbrick</span>、<span lang="de">Dissen</span>和<span lang="de">Drachhausen</span>地区的部分学校可被认为是逐渐转型为A类学校。1952年一所名为<span lang="dsb">Marjana Domaškojc</span>的高中被建立，这所高中就是后来的进行下索布语的传承保护工作的<span lang="de">Niedersorbisches Gymnasium Cottbus</span>学校。当时的下索布学校分布如下表： </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <caption><b> 下索布学校分布情况</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;"><b>县名称</b></th> <th>Cottbus</th> <th>Calau</th> <th>Forst</th> <th>Guben </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#87CEEB;"><b>学校数量</b></th> <th>19（+1所高中）</th> <th>1</th> <th>1</th> <th>1 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>当时虽然存在出生率下降的情况，但是在勃兰登堡参加下索布语课程的人数却一直保持稳定。1998年在科特布斯执行了名为<span lang="dsb">Witaj</span>的计划<sup id="cite_ref-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这一计划可以使得学生从幼儿园开始便有机会通过浸入式语言学习的方式，将下索布语作为第二母语进行学习。此外，尽管受到州议会削减低年级开展下索布语教学规模的压力，目前仍有大约30所学校提供下索布语的教学和学习机会。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="下索布语媒体"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E7.B4.A2.E5.B8.83.E8.AF.AD.E5.AA.92.E4.BD.93"></span>下索布语媒体</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：下索布语媒体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif/220px-Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif/330px-Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif/440px-Nowy_Casnik_Logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="83" /></a><figcaption><span lang="dsb">Nowy Casnik</span>报纸官方网站的标志</figcaption></figure> <p><span lang="dsb">Bramborski Serbski Casnik</span>是第一份采用下索布语出版的报纸<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，于1848年出版并在后来被<span lang="dsb">Nowy Casnik</span>取代。在对下索布语的禁令取消后，<span lang="dsb">Nowy Casnik</span>于1947年重新开始出版，不过最开始是以<span lang="dsb">Nowa Doba</span>每周的增刊形式存在，直到1954年才开始以周报的形式独立出版<sup id="cite_ref-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现在<span lang="dsb">Nowy Casnik</span>使用德语和下索布语发布文章，每一期的发行量大约在1100份左右，同时每年还会出版一些以下索布语写成的书籍。针对儿童出版的下索布语月刊<span lang="dsb">Płomje</span>的发行量大约为850份<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自1992年起，电视杂志节目Łužyca开始播出，该节目由<span lang="de">Anja Pohontsch</span>和<span lang="de">Christian Matthée</span>主持<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>下索布语的广播节目由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97-%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏林-勃兰登堡广播电视台（页面不存在）">柏林-勃兰登堡广播电视台</a>（<span lang="de">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</span>）播送，包括针对年轻人的下索布语广播节目<span lang="dsb">Bubak</span>也由该广播电视台播送<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="未来发展"><span id=".E6.9C.AA.E6.9D.A5.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>未来发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：未来发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科特布斯与其北部周边地区以及下索布语使用区域的西部依然有着保护这种语言的机会，而在南部，尽管在大约70年之前的有些村庄里几乎所有居住者都会说下索布语，如今这种语言已经几乎不再被使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：脚注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">英语作<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant">Rhotic consonant</a>，尚未有正式中文译名。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B类型学校是将下索布语作为外语进行教学的，而A类学校课程是用下索布语教学的，详情参见德语条目<a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbisches_Schulwesen">Sorbisches Schulwesen</a>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sprecherzahl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sprecherzahl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lewis, M. Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com">Ethnologue: languages of the world, Sixteenth edition</a>. SIL International. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013215305/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=haw">存档</a>于2011-10-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Lewis%2C+M.+Paul&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+languages+of+the+world%2C+Sixteenth+edition&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">UNESCO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zfn-ratzeburg.de/bundesgesetz_charta.pdf">Gesetz zu der Europäischen Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen des Europarats vom 5. November 1992</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111101241/http://www.zfn-ratzeburg.de/bundesgesetz_charta.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-11-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Gesetz+zu+der+Europ%C3%A4ischen+Charta+der+Regional-+oder+Minderheitensprachen+des+Europarats+vom+5.+November+1992&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zfn-ratzeburg.de%2Fbundesgesetz_charta.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thomas, Pastor. Die rechtliche Stellung der Sorben in Deutschland. Domowina-Verlag. 1997: 382. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783742017178" title="Special:网络书源/9783742017178"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783742017178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Pastor&rft.btitle=Die+rechtliche+Stellung+der+Sorben+in+Deutschland&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783742017178&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=Domowina-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jodlbauer, Ralph ; Spieß, Gunter ; Steenwijk, Han. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dieaktuellesitua0000jodl">Die aktuelle Situation der niedersorbischen Sprache : Ergebnisse einer soziolinguistischen Untersuchung der Jahre 1993-1995</a>. Bautzen : Domowina-Verl. 2001: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dieaktuellesitua0000jodl/page/248">248</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-7420-1844-2" title="Special:网络书源/3-7420-1844-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-7420-1844-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Jodlbauer%2C+Ralph+%3B+Spie%C3%9F%2C+Gunter+%3B+Steenwijk%2C+Han&rft.btitle=Die+aktuelle+Situation+der+niedersorbischen+Sprache+%3A+Ergebnisse+einer+soziolinguistischen+Untersuchung+der+Jahre+1993-1995&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-7420-1844-2&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Bautzen+%3A+Domowina-Verl.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdieaktuellesitua0000jodl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kosta, Peter & Norberg, Madlena. Reflexionen zur sorbischen/wendischen Sprache, Kultur und Literatur. Institut für Slavistik, Universität Postdam. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Kosta%2C+Peter+%26+Norberg%2C+Madlena&rft.btitle=Reflexionen+zur+sorbischen%2Fwendischen+Sprache%2C+Kultur+und+Literatur&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Institut+f%C3%BCr+Slavistik%2C+Universit%C3%A4t+Postdam&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-table-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-table_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Peter Schurmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111121073301/http://www.uni-potsdam.de/zfl/sorben_sose_2006/sorben_26_04_06_schurmann.pdf">Zeittafel zur Geschichte der Sorben (Auswahl)/Casowa tofla k stawiznam Serbow (wuběrk)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Sorbisches Institut / Zweigstelle für niedersorbische Forschungen Cottbus. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-potsdam.de/zfl/sorben_sose_2006/sorben_26_04_06_schurmann.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2011-11-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Peter+Schurmann&rft.btitle=Zeittafel+zur+Geschichte+der+Sorben+%28Auswahl%29%2FCasowa+tofla+k+stawiznam+Serbow+%28wub%C4%9Brk%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sorbisches+Institut+%2F+Zweigstelle+f%C3%BCr+niedersorbische+Forschungen+Cottbus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-potsdam.de%2Fzfl%2Fsorben_sose_2006%2Fsorben_26_04_06_schurmann.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peter Schurmann. Die sorbische Bewegung 1945-1948 zwischen Selbstbehauptung und Anerkennung. Domowina-Verlag. 1998: 338. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783742016812" title="Special:网络书源/9783742016812"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783742016812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Peter+Schurmann&rft.btitle=Die+sorbische+Bewegung+1945-1948+zwischen+Selbstbehauptung+und+Anerkennung&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783742016812&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Domowina-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende_11-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Die_Situation_der_Niedersorben_nach_der_politischen_Wende_11-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dietrich Scholze. Die Situation der Niedersorben nach der politischen Wende. Podstupimske pśinoski k sorabistice. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Die+Situation+der+Niedersorben+nach+der+politischen+Wende&rft.au=Dietrich+Scholze&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Podstupimske+p%C5%9Binoski+k+sorabistice&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ein kleines Lexikon. Sorben/Serbja Domowina-Verlag Bautzen. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-7420-0405-0" title="Special:网络书源/3-7420-0405-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-7420-0405-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Ein+kleines+Lexikon&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-7420-0405-0&rft.pub=Sorben%2FSerbja+Domowina-Verlag+Bautzen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Federal Republic of Germany. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/PeriodicalReports/GermanyPR2_en.pdf">Second Report submitted by the Federal Republic of Germany under Article 15, paragraph 1, of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Council of Europe. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107033156/https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/PeriodicalReports/GermanyPR2_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Federal+Republic+of+Germany&rft.btitle=Second+Report+submitted+by+the+Federal+Republic+of+Germany+under+Article+15%2C+paragraph+1%2C+of+the+European+Charter+for+Regional+or+Minority+Languages&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdg4%2Feducation%2Fminlang%2Freport%2FPeriodicalReports%2FGermanyPR2_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbb-online.de/luzyca/moderation/moderation.html">Moderation</a>. rbb Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107053856/https://www.rbb-online.de/luzyca/moderation/moderation.html">存档</a>于2020-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Moderation&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=rbb+Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb-online.de%2Fluzyca%2Fmoderation%2Fmoderation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbb-online.de/radio/sorbisches_programm/kinder_jugend/jugendsendungen0/jugendsendungen.html">Jugendsendungen / Młoźinske wusćełanja</a>. rbb Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512130309/https://www.rbb-online.de/radio/sorbisches_programm/kinder_jugend/jugendsendungen0/jugendsendungen.html">存档</a>于2019-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Jugendsendungen+%2F+M%C5%82o%C5%BAinske+wus%C4%87e%C5%82anja&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=rbb+Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb-online.de%2Fradio%2Fsorbisches_programm%2Fkinder_jugend%2Fjugendsendungen0%2Fjugendsendungen.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参閱"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.96.B1"></span>参閱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参閱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="dsb:"> Lower Sorbian 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dsb">下索布语</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="民族語">民族語</a>》的連結</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="下索布語">（下索布语）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbb-online.de/radio/sorbisches_programm/sorbisches_programm.html">下索布语广播节目</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200418052027/http://www.rbb-online.de/radio/sorbisches_programm/sorbisches_programm.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <i>(<a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="词典"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E5.85.B8"></span>词典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：词典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="德语-下索布语词典"><span id=".E5.BE.B7.E8.AF.AD-.E4.B8.8B.E7.B4.A2.E5.B8.83.E8.AF.AD.E8.AF.8D.E5.85.B8"></span>德语-下索布语词典</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：德语-下索布语词典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="下索布語">（下索布语）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolnoserbski.de/dnw/">dolnoserbski.de</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200408191630/http://www.dolnoserbski.de/dnw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="下索布語">（下索布语）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/genie/">Korpus GENIE</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201211065057/http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/genie/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="下索布语-德语词典"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E7.B4.A2.E5.B8.83.E8.AF.AD-.E5.BE.B7.E8.AF.AD.E8.AF.8D.E5.85.B8"></span>下索布语-德语词典</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：下索布语-德语词典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="下索布語">（下索布语）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dolnoserbski.de/ndw/">dolnoserbski.de</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200408183043/http://dolnoserbski.de/ndw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="下索布語">（下索布语）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225000927/http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~sorb/seiten/deu/05/lexikalische/lexikalische-dsb-deu.html">Lexikalische Übungen</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Template:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Template talk:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="斯拉夫语族" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始波罗的斯拉夫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-Balto-Slavic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始波罗的斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">原始波罗的斯拉夫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Balto-Slavic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-Balto-Slavic language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="先原始斯拉夫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-Slavic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先原始斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">先原始斯拉夫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Slavic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-Slavic language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="原始斯拉夫語">原始斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Slavic languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族历史（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Slavic languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Slavic languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="基里尔和美多德">西里尔与美多德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="西斯拉夫语支">西斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="捷克语">捷克语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迦南語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knaanic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦南語（页面不存在）">迦南語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaanic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Knaanic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knaanic language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E8%AA%9E" title="波拉布語">波拉布語</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉赫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lach dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉赫方言（页面不存在）">拉赫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lach_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Lach dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lach dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小波蘭方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lesser Polish dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小波蘭方言（页面不存在）">小波蘭方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Polish_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser Polish dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lesser Polish dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬祖里亞方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Masurian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬祖里亞方言（页面不存在）">馬祖里亞方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Masurian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Masurian dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬佐夫舍方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Masovian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%AB%E8%88%8D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬佐夫舍方言（页面不存在）">馬佐夫舍方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Masovian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Masovian dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩拉維亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moravian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩拉維亞語（页面不存在）">摩拉維亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Moravian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moravian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波美拉尼亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pomeranian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波美拉尼亞語（页面不存在）">波美拉尼亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeranian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pomeranian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pomeranian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%88%92%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="卡舒比语">卡舒比语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯洛温语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovincian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛温语（页面不存在）">斯洛温语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovincian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Slovincian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovincian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="西里西亞語">西里西亞語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="切申西里西亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cieszyn Silesian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E7%94%B3%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切申西里西亚方言（页面不存在）">切申西里西亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cieszyn Silesian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cieszyn Silesian dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛伐克语">斯洛伐克语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東斯洛伐克語方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Slovak dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東斯洛伐克語方言（页面不存在）">東斯洛伐克語方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Slovak dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Slovak dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E8%AB%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語">潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">下索布语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东斯拉夫语支">东斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="白俄罗斯语">白俄罗斯语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戈利沙内方言" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Гальшанский язык"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%99%E5%86%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈利沙内方言（页面不存在）">戈利沙内方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Гальшанский язык"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Гальшанский язык</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Iazychie" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iazychie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iazychie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iazychie（页面不存在）">Iazychie</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iazychie" class="extiw" title="en:Iazychie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iazychie</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古東斯拉夫語">古東斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古諾夫哥羅德方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Novgorod dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古諾夫哥羅德方言（页面不存在）">古諾夫哥羅德方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Novgorod_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Old Novgorod dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Novgorod dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅塞尼亞語">羅塞尼亞語</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森尼亚语">卢森尼亚语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森尼亚语">喀爾巴阡盧森尼亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="兰科卢森尼亚语">蘭科盧森尼亞語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="加拿大乌克兰语">加拿大烏克蘭語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴拉契卡方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balachka"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%91%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拉契卡方言（页面不存在）">巴拉契卡方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balachka" class="extiw" title="en:Balachka"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balachka</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="南斯拉夫语支">南斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="保加利亚语">保加利亚语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E)" title="巴納特方言 (保加利亞語)">巴纳特保加利亚语方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="马其顿语">马其顿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A-%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语">塞尔维亚-克罗地亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯尼亚语">波斯尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="克罗地亚语">克罗地亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="蒙特內哥羅語">黑山语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚语">塞尔维亚语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛文尼亚语">斯洛文尼亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%A9%86%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="普雷克穆列斯洛維尼亞語">普雷克穆列斯洛文尼亞語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷夏方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Resian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷夏方言（页面不存在）">雷夏方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Resian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Resian dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="人工語言">人工語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="教會斯拉夫語">教會斯拉夫語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泛斯拉夫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pan-Slavic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泛斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">泛斯拉夫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pan-Slavic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pan-Slavic language</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="斯拉夫共通語">斯拉夫共通語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%AB%BE%E7%B6%AD%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="斯諾維歐語">斯諾維歐語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">孤立方言及<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫微語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic microlanguages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%BE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫微語支（页面不存在）">斯拉夫微語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_microlanguages" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic microlanguages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic microlanguages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="布根蘭克羅埃西亞語">布爾根蘭克罗地亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="查方言">查方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克斯洛伐克語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czechoslovak language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克斯洛伐克語（页面不存在）">捷克斯洛伐克語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_language" class="extiw" title="en:Czechoslovak language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czechoslovak language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="卡伊方言">卡伊方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%A9%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉沃莫利萨诺语">斯拉沃莫利萨诺语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波德哈莱方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Podhale subdialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%88%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波德哈莱方言（页面不存在）">波德哈莱方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podhale_subdialect" class="extiw" title="en:Podhale subdialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Podhale subdialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="什托方言">什托方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希腊斯拉夫语言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia#Education and language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希腊斯拉夫语言（页面不存在）">希腊斯拉夫语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia#Education_and_language" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia#Education and language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="烏俄語">烏俄語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="托爾拉庫方言">托爾拉庫方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="俄白語">俄白語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西波利西亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="West Polesian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西波利西亞語（页面不存在）">西波利西亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Polesian" class="extiw" title="en:West Polesian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">West Polesian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波德拉赫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Podlachian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波德拉赫語（页面不存在）">波德拉赫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podlachian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Podlachian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Podlachian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史語言學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic first palatalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic first palatalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic first palatalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic second palatalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_second_palatalization" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic second palatalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic second palatalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E9%9F%B3%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%BD%AE%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德博定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dybo's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德博定律（页面不存在）">德博定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dybo%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Dybo's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dybo's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈夫利克定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havlík's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈夫利克定律（页面不存在）">哈夫利克定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Havlík's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havlík's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫特定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hirt's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫特定律（页面不存在）">赫特定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirt%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Hirt's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hirt's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊利奇-斯維提奇定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illič-Svityč's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87-%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E6%8F%90%E5%A5%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊利奇-斯維提奇定律（页面不存在）">伊利奇-斯維提奇定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illi%C4%8D-Svity%C4%8D%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Illič-Svityč's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illič-Svityč's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊夫施奇定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivšić's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%BD%E5%A5%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊夫施奇定律（页面不存在）">伊夫施奇定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C5%A1i%C4%87%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ivšić's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivšić's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅耶定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meillet's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅耶定律（页面不存在）">梅耶定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meillet%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Meillet's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meillet's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佩德森定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pedersen's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩德森定律（页面不存在）">佩德森定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedersen%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Pedersen's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pedersen's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ruki定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ruki sound law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruki%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruki定律（页面不存在）">Ruki定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ruki sound law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ruki sound law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="温特定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Winter's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="温特定律（页面不存在）">温特定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Winter's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Winter's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>斜體</i>表示<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="德国语言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:德国语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:德国语言（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:德国语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="德国语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="德国语言">德国语言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德国标准德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German Standard German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德国标准德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Standard_German" class="extiw" title="en:German Standard German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German Standard German</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地方少数语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已获认定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a></li> <li><a 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