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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Business importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compatibles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compatibles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Compatibles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compatibles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Early problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pin-compatible_upgrades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pin-compatible_upgrades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pin-compatible upgrades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pin-compatible_upgrades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models_and_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models_and_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Models and variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Models_and_variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Models and variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Models_and_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_5_V_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_5_V_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Early 5 V models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_5_V_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-i386DX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i386DX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>i386DX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i386DX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M80386" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M80386"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>M80386</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M80386-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80386SX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80386SX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>80386SX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80386SX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80386SL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80386SL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>80386SL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80386SL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SnapIn_386" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SnapIn_386"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.5</span> <span>SnapIn 386</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SnapIn_386-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RapidCAD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RapidCAD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.6</span> <span>RapidCAD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RapidCAD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions_for_embedded_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions_for_embedded_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Versions for embedded systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions_for_embedded_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-80376" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80376"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>80376</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80376-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-i386EX,_i386EXTB_and_i386EXTC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i386EX,_i386EXTB_and_i386EXTC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>i386EX, i386EXTB and i386EXTC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i386EX,_i386EXTB_and_i386EXTC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-i386CXSA_and_i386SXSA_(or_i386SXTA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i386CXSA_and_i386SXSA_(or_i386SXTA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>i386CXSA and i386SXSA (or i386SXTA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i386CXSA_and_i386SXSA_(or_i386SXTA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-i386CXSB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i386CXSB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>i386CXSB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i386CXSB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obsolescence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obsolescence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Obsolescence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obsolescence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">i386</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84_80386" title="إنتل 80386 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنتل 80386" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/80386" title="80386 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="80386" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/80386" title="80386 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="80386" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84_%DB%B8%DB%B0%DB%B3%DB%B8%DB%B6" title="اینتل ۸۰۳۸۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینتل ۸۰۳۸۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%85%94_80386" title="인텔 80386 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인텔 80386" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%9C_80386" title="אינטל 80386 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינטל 80386" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I386" title="I386 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="I386" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_80386" title="ഇന്റൽ 80386 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റൽ 80386" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0386" title="İ386 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İ386" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Intel 80386" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=386DX&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="386DX">386DX</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">32-bit microprocessor by Intel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the microprocessor. For the instruction set, see <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"386 DX" redirects here. For the Russian artist and musician, see <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Shulgin" title="Alexei Shulgin">Alexei Shulgin</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">i386</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_i386_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intel_i386_logo.svg/110px-Intel_i386_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intel_i386_logo.svg/165px-Intel_i386_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intel_i386_logo.svg/220px-Intel_i386_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="381" /></a></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg/220px-KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg/330px-KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg/440px-KL_Intel_i386DX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1203" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An Intel i386DX 16 MHz processor with a gray ceramic heat spreader</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1985</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">September 28, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common manufacturers</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Intel</li><li>AMD</li><li>IBM</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Performance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12.5 MHz to 40 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Data width</th><td class="infobox-data">32 bits (386SX: 16 bits)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address width</th><td class="infobox-data">32 bits (386SX: 24 bits)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Architecture and classification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Technology_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology node">Technology node</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.5 μm to 1 μm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86-16" class="mw-redirect" title="X86-16">x86-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Physical specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transistor_count" title="Transistor count">Transistors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>275,000</li><li>386SL: 855,000<sup id="cite_ref-intelquickref_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intelquickref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Co-processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-processor">Co-processor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>386DX: <a href="/wiki/X87#80387" title="X87">Intel 80387</a></li><li>386SX: <a href="/wiki/Intel_80387SX" title="Intel 80387SX">Intel 80387SX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Package</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>132-pin <a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">PGA</a>, 132-pin <a href="/wiki/Plastic_quad_flat_package" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic quad flat package">PQFP</a>; SX variant: 88-pin PGA, 100-pin <a href="/wiki/Bumpered_quad_flat_package" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumpered quad flat package">BQFP</a> with 0.635 mm pitch</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Socket</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pin_Grid_Array" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin Grid Array">PGA132</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Models</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>i386DX</li><li>i386SX</li><li>i386SL</li><li>i376</li><li>i386EX(T/TB/C)</li><li>i386CXSA</li><li>i386SXSA/i386SXTA</li><li>i386CXSB</li><li>RapidCAD</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Unsupported</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/220px-Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/330px-Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/440px-Intel_A80386DX-20_CPU_Die_Image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption>Intel A80386DX-20 CPU die image</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Intel 386</b>, originally released as the <b>80386</b> and later renamed <b>i386</b>, was the first <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. Pre-production samples of the 386 were released to select developers in 1985, while mass production commenced in 1986. The processor was a significant evolution in the <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> architecture, extending a long line of processors that stretched back to the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">Intel 8008</a>. The 386 was the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing unit (CPU)</a> of many <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a> and high-end <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> of the time. The 386 began to fall out of public use starting with the release of the <a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a> processor in 1989, while in <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a> the 386 remained in widespread use until Intel finally discontinued it in 2007. </p><p>Compared to its predecessor the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a>, the 80386 added a three-stage instruction pipeline which it brings up to total of 6-stage instruction pipeline, extended the architecture from 16-bits to 32-bits, and added an on-chip <a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">memory management unit</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Paging" class="mw-redirect" title="Paging">paging</a> translation unit made it much easier to implement operating systems that used <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a>. It also offered support for <a href="/wiki/X86_debug_register" title="X86 debug register">register debugging</a>. </p><p>The 80386 featured three operating modes: real mode, protected mode and virtual mode. The <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a>, which debuted in the 80286, was extended to allow the 386 to address up to 4 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> of memory. With the addition of segmented addressing system, it can expand up to 64 terabytes of virtual memory. The all new <a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">virtual 8086 mode</a> (or <i>VM86</i>) made it possible to run one or more <a href="/wiki/Real_mode" title="Real mode">real mode</a> programs in a protected environment, although some programs were not compatible. </p><p>The 32-bit i386 can correctly execute most code intended for the earlier 16-bit processors such as 8086 and 80286 that were ubiquitous in early <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a>. As the original implementation of the 32-bit extension of the 80286 architecture,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the i386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the <a href="/wiki/Instruction_selection#Lowest_common_denominator_strategy" title="Instruction selection">common denominator</a> for all 32-bit x86 processors, which is termed the <i>i386 architecture</i>, <i>x86</i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a></i>, depending on context. Over the years, successively newer implementations of the same architecture have become several hundreds of times faster than the original 80386 (and thousands of times faster than the 8086).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_history">Production history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Development of i386 technology began in 1982 under the internal name of P3.<sup id="cite_ref-solutions-dec-1985_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solutions-dec-1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tape-out" title="Tape-out">tape-out</a> of the 80386 development was finalized in July 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-solutions-dec-1985_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solutions-dec-1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 80386 was introduced as pre-production samples for software development <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a> in October 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacturing of the chips in significant quantities commenced in June 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_Jan_1986_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_Jan_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_Sep_1986_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_Sep_1986-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the first plug-in device that allowed existing 80286-based computers to be upgraded to the 386, the Translator 386 by <a href="/wiki/American_Computer_and_Peripheral" title="American Computer and Peripheral">American Computer and Peripheral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 80386 being <a href="/wiki/Sole_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Sole source">sole sourced</a> made the CPU very expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-byte198902_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198902-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mainboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainboard">Mainboards</a> for 80386-based computer systems were cumbersome and expensive at first, but manufacturing was justified upon the 80386's mainstream adoption. The first <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> to make use of the 80386 was the <a href="/wiki/Compaq_Deskpro_386" title="Compaq Deskpro 386">Deskpro 386</a>, designed and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this marked the first time a fundamental component in the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> de facto standard was updated by a company other than <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. </p><p>The first versions of the 386 had 275,000 transistors.<sup id="cite_ref-intelquickref_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intelquickref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20 MHz version operates at 4–5 <a href="/wiki/Million_instructions_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Million instructions per second">MIPS</a>. It also performs between 8,000 and 9,000 <a href="/wiki/Dhrystone" title="Dhrystone">Dhrystones</a> per second.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 25 MHz 386 version was capable of 7 MIPS.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1988,_page_2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1988,_page_2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 33 MHz 80386 was reportedly measured to operate at about 11.4 and 11.5 MIPS.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that same speed, it has the performance of 8 <a href="/wiki/VAX_Unit_of_Performance" title="VAX Unit of Performance">VAX MIPS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These processors were running about 4.4 clocks per instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2006, Intel announced that i386 production would stop at the end of September 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it had long been obsolete as a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> CPU, Intel and others had continued making the chip for <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a>. Such systems using an i386 or one of many derivatives are common in <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> technology and electronic musical instruments, among others. Some mobile phones also used (later fully static <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> variants of) the i386 processor, such as the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_950" title="BlackBerry 950">BlackBerry 950</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">Nokia 9000 Communicator</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> continued to support i386 processors until December 11, 2012, when the kernel cut 386-specific instructions in version 3.8.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronix-linux-drop-support_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-linux-drop-support-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:80386DX_arch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/80386DX_arch.png/300px-80386DX_arch.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/80386DX_arch.png/450px-80386DX_arch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/80386DX_arch.png/600px-80386DX_arch.png 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Block diagram of the i386 <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitecture</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:88%;width:33em;"> <caption>i386 registers </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="font-size:88%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>3</sup><sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="width:120px; text-align:center">... </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>5</sub> </td> <td style="width:50px; text-align:center">... </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>7</sub> </td> <td style="width:35px; text-align:center">... </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>0</sub> </td> <td style="width:auto; background:white; color:black"><i>(bit position)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><b>Main registers</b> <i>(8/16/32 bits)</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black;text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">EAX </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">AX </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="3">AL </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>A</b>ccumulator register </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black;text-align:left"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">ECX </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">CX </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center">CL </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>C</b>ount register </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black;text-align:left"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">EDX </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">DX </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center">DL </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>D</b>ata register </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black;text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">EBX </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">BX </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="3">BL </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>B</b>ase register </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><b>Index registers</b> <i>(16/32 bits)</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">ESP </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center">SP </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>S</b>tack <b>P</b>ointer </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">EBP </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center">BP </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>B</b>ase <b>P</b>ointer </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">ESI </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">SI </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>S</b>ource <b>I</b>ndex </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">EDI </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">DI </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>D</b>estination <b>I</b>ndex </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><b>Program counter</b> <i>(16/32 bits)</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2">EIP </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">IP </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>I</b>nstruction <b>P</b>ointer </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><b>Segment selectors</b> <i>(16 bits)</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">CS </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>C</b>ode <b>S</b>egment </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">DS </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>D</b>ata <b>S</b>egment </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">ES </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>E</b>xtra <b>S</b>egment </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">FS </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>F</b> <b>S</b>egment </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">GS </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>G</b> <b>S</b>egment </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF" colspan="2">  </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="5">SS </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><b>S</b>tack <b>S</b>egment </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size:88%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="20"><b>Status register</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center">  </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>7</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>6</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>5</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>4</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>2</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>1</sup><sub>0</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>9</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>8</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>7</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>6</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>5</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>4</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>2</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="width:10px; text-align:center"><sup>0</sup><sub>0</sub> </td> <td style="width:auto; background:white; color:black"><i>(bit position)</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;color:black"> <td style="text-align:center;background:#FFF">  </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">R </td> <td style="text-align:center">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center">N </td> <td style="text-align:center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/IOPL" class="mw-redirect" title="IOPL">IOPL</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Overflow_flag" title="Overflow flag">O</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Direction_flag" title="Direction flag">D</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/IF_(x86_flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="IF (x86 flag)">I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Trap_flag" title="Trap flag">T</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Sign_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign flag">S</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Zero_flag" title="Zero flag">Z</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Adjust_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjust flag">A</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Parity_flag" title="Parity flag">P</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Carry_flag" title="Carry flag">C</a> </td> <td style="background:white; color:black"><a href="/wiki/FLAGS_register" title="FLAGS register">EFlags</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The processor was a significant evolution in the <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> architecture, and extended a long line of processors that stretched back to the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">Intel 8008</a>. The predecessor of the 80386 was the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a>, a <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> processor with a <a href="/wiki/Memory_segment" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory segment">segment</a>-based memory management and protection system. The 80386 added a three-stage instruction pipeline which it brought up to total of 6-stage instruction pipeline, extended the architecture from <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bits</a> to <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bits</a>, and added an on-chip <a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">memory management unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Paging" class="mw-redirect" title="Paging">paging</a> translation unit made it much easier to implement operating systems that used <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a>. It also offered support for <a href="/wiki/X86_debug_register" title="X86 debug register">register debugging</a>. </p><p>The 80386 featured three operating modes: real mode, protected mode and virtual mode. The <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a>, which debuted in the 286, was extended to allow the 386 to address up to 4 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> of memory. With the addition of segmented addressing system, it can expand up to 64 terabytes of virtual memory.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The all new <a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">virtual 8086 mode</a> (or <i>VM86</i>) made it possible to run one or more <a href="/wiki/Real_mode" title="Real mode">real mode</a> programs in a protected environment, although some programs were not compatible. It features scaled indexing and 64-bit barrel shifter.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ability for a 386 to be set up to act like it had a <a href="/wiki/Flat_memory_model" title="Flat memory model">flat memory model</a> in protected mode despite the fact that it uses a segmented memory model in all modes was arguably the most important feature change for the x86 processor family until <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> released the <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> in 2003. </p><p>Several new instructions have been added to 386: BSF, BSR, BT, BTS, BTR, BTC, CDQ, CWDE, LFS, LGS, LSS, MOVSX, MOVZX, SETcc, SHLD, SHRD. </p><p>Two new segment registers have been added (FS and GS) for general-purpose programs. The single Machine Status Word of the 286 grew into eight <a href="/wiki/Control_register" title="Control register">control registers</a> CR0–CR7. <a href="/wiki/X86_debug_register" title="X86 debug register">Debug registers</a> DR0–DR7 were added for hardware breakpoints. New forms of the MOV instruction are used to access them. </p><p>The chief architect in the development of the 80386 was <a href="/wiki/John_H._Crawford" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Crawford">John H. Crawford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was responsible for extending the 80286 architecture and instruction set to 32-bits, and then led the <a href="/wiki/Microprogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Microprogram">microprogram</a> development for the 80386 chip. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a> and <a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> line of processors were descendants of the i386 design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_types">Data types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Data types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following data types are directly supported and thus implemented by one or more i386 <a href="/wiki/Machine_instruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine instruction">machine instructions</a>; these data types are briefly described here.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller2005p2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2005p2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>Bit</i> (<a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> value), <i>bit field</i> (group of up to 32 bits) and <i>bit string</i> (up to 4 Gbit in length).</li> <li><i>8-bit integer (byte)</i>, either signed (range −128..127) or unsigned (range 0..255).</li> <li><i>16-bit integer</i>, either signed (range −32,768..32,767) or unsigned (range 0..65,535).</li> <li><i>32-bit integer</i>, either signed (range −2<sup>31</sup>..2<sup>31</sup>−1) or unsigned (range 0..2<sup>32</sup>−1).</li> <li><i>Offset</i>, a 16- or 32-bit displacement referring to a memory location (using any addressing mode).</li> <li><i>Pointer</i>, a 16-bit selector together with a 16- or 32-bit offset.</li> <li><i>Character</i> (8-bit character code).</li> <li><i>String</i>, a sequence of 8-, 16- or 32-bit words (up to 4 Gbyte in length).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">BCD</a></i>, decimal digits (0..9) represented by unpacked bytes.</li> <li><i>Packed BCD</i>, two BCD digits in one byte (range 0..99).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_code">Example code</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Example code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following i386 <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly</a> source code is for a subroutine named <code>_strtolower</code> that copies a null-terminated <a href="/wiki/ASCIIZ" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCIIZ">ASCIIZ</a> character string from one location to another, converting all alphabetic characters to lower case. The string is copied one byte (8-bit character) at a time. </p><p><br /> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre> 00000000 55 00000001 89E5 00000003 8B750C 00000006 8B7D08 00000009 FC 0000000A AC 0000000B 3C41 0000000D 7C06 0000000F 3C5A 00000011 7F02 00000013 0420 00000015 AA 00000016 84C0 00000018 75F0 0000001A 5D 0000001B C3 </pre> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-nasm mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">; _strtolower:</span> <span class="c1">; Copy a null-terminated ASCII string, converting</span> <span class="c1">; all alphabetic characters to lower case.</span> <span class="c1">;</span> <span class="c1">; Entry stack parameters</span> <span class="c1">; [ESP+8] = src, Address of source string</span> <span class="c1">; [ESP+4] = dst, Address of target string</span> <span class="c1">; [ESP+0] = Return address</span> <span class="c1">;</span> <span class="nf">_strtolower</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">proc</span> <span class="nf">push</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Set up the call frame</span> <span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">esp</span> <span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">esi</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mh">0xc</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Set ESI = src</span> <span class="nf">mov</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">edi</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mh">0x8</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Set EDI = dst</span> <span class="nf">cld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Auto-increment ESI and EDI</span> <span class="nl">again:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">lodsb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Load AL from [src] and increment ESI</span> <span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">'A'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; If AL < 'A',</span> <span class="nf">jl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Skip conversion</span> <span class="nf">cmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">'Z'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; If AL > 'Z',</span> <span class="nf">jg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Skip conversion</span> <span class="nf">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">'a'</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="s">'A'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Convert AL to lowercase</span> <span class="nl">copy:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">stosb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Store AL to [dst]</span> <span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">al</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; If AL != 0,</span> <span class="nf">jnz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">again</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Repeat the loop</span> <span class="nf">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ebp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Restore the previous call</span> <span class="nf">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; Return to caller</span> <span class="nf">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">proc</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The example code uses the EBP (base pointer) register to establish a <a href="/wiki/Call_frame" class="mw-redirect" title="Call frame">call frame</a>, an area on the stack that contains all of the parameters and local variables for the execution of the subroutine. This kind of <a href="/wiki/Calling_convention" title="Calling convention">calling convention</a> supports <a href="/wiki/Reentrancy_(computing)" title="Reentrancy (computing)">reentrant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">recursive</a> code and has been used by Algol-like languages since the late 1950s. A flat memory model is assumed, specifically, that the DS and ES segments address the same region of memory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_importance">Business importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Business importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first PC based on the Intel 80386 was the <a href="/wiki/Compaq_Deskpro_386" title="Compaq Deskpro 386">Compaq Deskpro 386</a>. By extending the 16/24-bit <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC/AT">IBM PC/AT</a> standard into a natively 32-bit computing environment, <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> became the first company to design and manufacture such a major technical hardware advance on the PC platform. IBM was offered use of the 80386, but had manufacturing rights for the earlier <a href="/wiki/80286" class="mw-redirect" title="80286">80286</a>. IBM therefore chose to rely on that processor for a couple more years. The early success of the Compaq Deskpro 386 played an important role in legitimizing the PC "clone" industry and in de-emphasizing IBM's role within it. The first computer system sold with the 386SX was the <a href="/wiki/Compaq_Deskpro_386#Later_models" title="Compaq Deskpro 386">Compaq Deskpro 386S</a>, released in July 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Satchell1988b_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Satchell1988b-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the 386, the difficulty of manufacturing microchips and the uncertainty of reliable supply made it desirable that any mass-market semiconductor be multi-sourced, that is, made by two or more manufacturers, the second and subsequent companies manufacturing under license from the originating company. The 386 was for <i>a time</i> (4.7 years) only available from Intel, since <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andy Grove</a>, Intel's CEO at the time, made the decision not to encourage other manufacturers to produce the processor as <a href="/wiki/Second_source" title="Second source">second sources</a>. This decision was ultimately crucial to Intel's success in the market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 386 was the first significant microprocessor to be <a href="/wiki/Single-source_publishing" title="Single-source publishing">single-sourced</a>. Single-sourcing the 386 allowed Intel greater control over its development and substantially greater profits in later years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a> introduced its compatible <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a> processor in March 1991 after overcoming legal obstacles, thus ending Intel's 4.7-year monopoly on 386-compatible processors. From 1991 IBM also manufactured 386 chips under license for use only in IBM PCs and boards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compatibles">Compatibles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Compatibles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg/180px-KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg/270px-KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg/360px-KL_IBM_80386DX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>Intel i386 packaged by IBM</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a>SX and Am386DX were almost exact clones of the i386SX and i386DX. Legal disputes caused production delays for several years, but AMD's 40 MHz part eventually became very popular with computer enthusiasts as a low-cost and low-power alternative to the 25 MHz 486SX. The power draw was further reduced in the "notebook models" (Am386 DXL/SXL/DXLV/SXLV), which could operate with 3.3 V and were implemented in fully static <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> circuitry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chips_and_Technologies" title="Chips and Technologies">Chips and Technologies</a> Super386 38600SX and 38600DX were developed using <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineering</a>. They sold poorly, due to some technical errors and incompatibilities, as well as their late appearance on the market. They were therefore short-lived products.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrix" title="Cyrix">Cyrix</a> <a href="/wiki/486SLC" class="mw-redirect" title="486SLC">Cx486SLC</a>/<a href="/wiki/486DLC" class="mw-redirect" title="486DLC">Cx486DLC</a> could be (simplistically) described as a kind of 386/486 hybrid chip that included a small amount of on-chip cache. It was popular among computer enthusiasts but did poorly with <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a>. The Cyrix Cx486SLC and Cyrix Cx486DLC processors were pin-compatible with i386SX and i386DX respectively. These processors were also manufactured and sold by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/386SLC" class="mw-redirect" title="386SLC">386SLC</a> and <a href="/wiki/486SLC" class="mw-redirect" title="486SLC">486SLC</a>/DLC were variants of Intel's design which contained a large amount of on-chip cache (8 KB, and later 16 KB). The agreement with Intel limited their use to IBM's own line of computers and upgrade boards only, so they were not available on the open market.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V.M._Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V.M. Technology (page does not exist)">V.M. Technology</a> VM386SX+ was developed by <a href="/wiki/Tsukuba" title="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</a>, Japan-based fabless microprocessor design firm V.M. Technology (VMT), founded by former <a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">Intel 4004</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a> microprocessor design engineer <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Shima" title="Masatoshi Shima">Masatoshi Shima</a>, with its primary funding originating from <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Corporation" title="ASCII Corporation">ASCII Corporation</a>. The chip was primarily marketed in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, avoiding the US market deliberately.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ALi" class="mw-redirect" title="ALi">ALi</a> M6117 SoC contains an x86 core derived from VM386SX+.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_problems">Early problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intel originally intended for the 80386 to debut at 16 MHz. However, due to poor yields, it was instead introduced at 12.5 MHz.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in production, Intel discovered a marginal circuit that could cause a system to return incorrect results from 32-bit multiply operations. Not all of the processors already manufactured were affected, so Intel tested its inventory. Processors that were found to be bug-free were marked with a double <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">sigma</a> (ΣΣ), and affected processors were marked "16 BIT S/W ONLY".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These latter processors were sold as good parts, since at the time 32-bit capability was not relevant for most users.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/X87#80387" title="X87">i387</a> math coprocessor was not ready in time for the introduction of the 80386, and so many of the early 80386 motherboards instead provided a socket and <a href="/wiki/Hardware_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware logic">hardware logic</a> to make use of an <a href="/wiki/X87#80287" title="X87">80287</a>. In this configuration the FPU operated asynchronously to the CPU, usually with a clock rate of 10 MHz. The original Compaq Deskpro 386 is an example of such design. However, this was an annoyance to those who depended on floating-point performance, as the performance advantages of the 80387 over the 80287 were significant. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_A80386-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A very early 80386 at 12 MHz (A80386-12), before the 32-bit multiply bug was found"><img alt="A very early 80386 at 12 MHz (A80386-12), before the 32-bit multiply bug was found" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intel_A80386-12.jpg/120px-Intel_A80386-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intel_A80386-12.jpg/180px-Intel_A80386-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intel_A80386-12.jpg/240px-Intel_A80386-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A very early 80386 at 12 MHz (A80386-12), before the 32-bit multiply bug was found</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An A80386-16 marked "16 BIT S/W ONLY" with the multiply bug"><img alt="An A80386-16 marked "16 BIT S/W ONLY" with the multiply bug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg/120px-Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg/180px-Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg/240px-Intel_A80386-16_16_bit_SW_Only.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> An A80386-16 marked "16 BIT S/W ONLY" with the multiply bug</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bug-free A80386-16 marked "ΣΣ""><img alt="A bug-free A80386-16 marked "ΣΣ"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg/120px-Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg/180px-Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg/240px-Intel_A80386-16_%CE%A3%CE%A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A bug-free A80386-16 marked "ΣΣ"</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pin-compatible_upgrades">Pin-compatible upgrades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pin-compatible upgrades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Upgrade_386.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KL_Upgrade_386.jpg/150px-KL_Upgrade_386.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KL_Upgrade_386.jpg/225px-KL_Upgrade_386.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KL_Upgrade_386.jpg/300px-KL_Upgrade_386.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>Typical 386 upgrade CPUs from Cyrix and Texas Instruments</figcaption></figure> <p>Intel later offered a modified version of its 486DX in i386 packaging, branded as the Intel <a href="/wiki/RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a>. This provided an upgrade path for users with i386-compatible hardware. The upgrade was a pair of chips that replaced both the i386 and i387. Since the 486DX design contained an <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPU</a>, the chip that replaced the i386 contained the floating-point functionality, and the chip that replaced the i387 served very little purpose. However, the latter chip was necessary in order to provide the FERR signal to the mainboard and appear to function as a normal floating-point unit. </p><p>Third parties offered a wide range of upgrades, for both SX and DX systems. The most popular ones were based on the Cyrix 486DLC/SLC core, which typically offered a substantial speed improvement due to its more efficient instruction pipeline and internal <a href="/wiki/CPU_cache#Multi-level_caches" title="CPU cache">L1</a> SRAM cache. The cache was usually 1 KB, or sometimes 8 KB in the TI variant. Some of these upgrade chips (such as the 486DRx2/SRx2) were marketed by Cyrix themselves, but they were more commonly found in kits offered by upgrade specialists such as Kingston, <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Technologies" title="Evergreen Technologies">Evergreen Technologies</a> and Improve-It Technologies. Some of the fastest CPU upgrade modules featured the IBM SLC/DLC family (notable for its 16 KB L1 cache), or even the Intel 486 itself. Many 386 upgrade kits were advertised as being simple drop-in replacements, but often required complicated software to control the cache or clock doubling. Part of the problem was that on most 386 motherboards, the <a href="/wiki/A20_line" title="A20 line">A20 line</a> was controlled entirely by the motherboard with the CPU being unaware, which caused problems on CPUs with internal caches. </p><p>Overall, it was very difficult to configure upgrades to produce the results advertised on the packaging, and upgrades were often not very stable or not fully compatible. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models_and_variants">Models and variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Models and variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_5_V_models">Early 5 V models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early 5 V models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="i386DX">i386DX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: i386DX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_i386DX_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Intel_i386DX_25.jpg/220px-Intel_i386DX_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Intel_i386DX_25.jpg/330px-Intel_i386DX_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Intel_i386DX_25.jpg/440px-Intel_i386DX_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Intel i386DX, 25 MHz</figcaption></figure> <p>Original version, released in October 1985. The 16 MHz version was available for 299 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> in quantities of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20 MHz version was available for US$599 in quantities of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 33 MHz version was available on April 10, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Capable of working with 16- or 32-bit external busses</li> <li>Package: <a href="/wiki/Pin_Grid_Array" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin Grid Array">PGA</a>-132 which was available in sampling for fourth quarter of 1985<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or PQFP-132</li> <li>Process: First types <a href="/wiki/CHMOS" title="CHMOS">CHMOS</a> III, 1.5 μm, later CHMOS IV, 1 μm</li> <li>Die size: 104 mm² (ca. 10 mm × 10 mm) in CHMOS III and 39 mm² (6 mm × 6.5 mm) in CHMOS IV.</li> <li>Transistor count: 275,000<sup id="cite_ref-intelquickref_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intelquickref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Specified max clock: 12 MHz (early models), later 16, 20, 25 and 33 MHz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M80386">M80386</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M80386"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The military version was made using the CHMOS III process technology. It was made to withstand 105 <a href="/wiki/Rad_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rad (unit)">Rads</a> (Si) or greater. It was available for US$945 each in quantities of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="80386SX"><span class="anchor" id="The_80386SX_variant"></span> 80386SX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 80386SX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, Intel introduced the <b>80386SX</b>, most often referred to as the <b>386SX</b>, a cut-down version of the 80386 with a 16-bit data bus, mainly intended for lower-cost PCs aimed at the home, educational, and small-business markets, while the 386DX remained the high-end variant used in workstations, servers, and other demanding tasks. The CPU remained fully 32-bit internally, but the 16-bit bus was intended to simplify circuit-board layout and reduce total cost.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16-bit bus simplified designs but hampered performance. Only 24 pins were connected to the address bus, therefore limiting addressing to 16 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was not a critical constraint at the time. Performance differences were due not only to differing data-bus widths, but also due to performance-enhancing <a href="/wiki/Cache_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cache memory">cache memories</a> often employed on boards using the original chip. This version can run the 32-bit application software at 70 to 90 percent compare to the regular Intel386 DX CPU.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original 80386 was subsequently renamed i386DX to avoid confusion. However, Intel subsequently used the "DX" suffix to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">floating-point</a> capability of the i486DX. The 387SX was an 80387 part that was compatible with the 386SX (i.e. with a 16-bit databus). The 386SX was packaged in a surface-mount <a href="/wiki/Quad_Flat_Package" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad Flat Package">QFP</a> and sometimes offered in a socket to allow for an upgrade. </p><p>The 16 MHz 386SX contains the 100-lead BQFP. It was available for USD $165 in quantities of 1000. It has the performance of 2.5 to 3 MIPS as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1988,_page_2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1988,_page_2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low-power version was available on April 10, 1989. This version that uses 20 to 30 percent less power and has higher operating temperature up to 100 °C than the regular version.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewnes,_Ann_1989,_page_2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="80386SX 16 MHz"><img alt="80386SX 16 MHz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg/109px-Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg/163px-Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg/218px-Intel386sx_a_50_Kc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">80386SX 16 MHz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I386SX.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A surface-mount version of Intel 80386SX processor in a Compaq Deskpro computer. It is non-upgradable unless hot-air circuit-board rework is performed"><img alt="A surface-mount version of Intel 80386SX processor in a Compaq Deskpro computer. It is non-upgradable unless hot-air circuit-board rework is performed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/I386SX.jpg/120px-I386SX.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/I386SX.jpg/180px-I386SX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/I386SX.jpg/240px-I386SX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A surface-mount version of Intel 80386SX processor in a <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> Deskpro computer. It is non-upgradable unless hot-air circuit-board rework is performed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Die of Intel 80386SX"><img alt="Die of Intel 80386SX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG/120px-Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG/180px-Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG/240px-Intel_80386_SX_die.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3568" data-file-height="3213" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)" title="Die (integrated circuit)">Die</a> of Intel 80386SX</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="80386SL">80386SL<span class="anchor" id="The_i386SL_variant"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 80386SL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>80386SL</b> was introduced as a power-efficient version for <a href="/wiki/Laptop_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laptop computer">laptop computers</a>. The processor offered several power-management options (e.g. <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Mode" title="System Management Mode">SMM</a>), as well as different "sleep" modes to conserve <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a> power.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also contained support for an external <a href="/wiki/CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">cache</a> of 16 to 64 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a>. The extra functions and circuit implementation techniques caused this variant to have over 3 times as many <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a> as the i386DX. The i386SL was first available at 20 MHz clock speed,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the 25 MHz model later added.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this system, it reduced up to 40% foot space than the Intel386 SX system. That translate to lighter and more portable cost-effective system.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dave Vannier, the chief architect designed this microprocessor. It took them two years to complete this design since it uses the existing 386 architecture to implement. That assist with advanced computer-aided design tools which includes a complete simulation of system board. This die contains the 386 CPU core, AT Bus Controller, Memory Controller, Internal Bus Controller, Cache Control Logic along with Cache Tag SRAM and Clock. This CPU contains 855,000 transistors using one-micron CHMOS IV technology. It was available for USD $176 in 1,000 unit in quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 25-MHz version was available in samples for USD $189 in 1,000-piece quantities, that version was finally made available in production by the end of 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It supports up to 32 Megabytes of physical address space.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a 20-MHz cacheless version of Intel386 SL microprocessor, at the press time samples of this version were available for USD $101 in 1,000-piece quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i386SL from 1990"><img alt="i386SL from 1990" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg/120px-80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg/180px-80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg/240px-80386SL_processor_from_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i386SL from 1990</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SnapIn_386">SnapIn 386</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: SnapIn 386"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1991, Intel introduced an upgrade for <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_50" title="IBM PS/2 Model 50">IBM PS/2 Model 50</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_60" title="IBM PS/2 Model 60">60</a> systems which contain 80286 microprocessors, converting them to full blown 32-bit systems. The SnapIn 386 module is a daughtercard with 20-MHz 386SX and 16-Kbyte direct-mapped cache SRAM memory. It directly plugs into the existing 286 socket with no cables, jumpers or switches. In the winter of 1992, an additional to this module now supported to <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_50_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PS/2 Model 50 Z">IBM PS/2 Model 50 Z</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_30_286" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PS/2 Model 30 286">30 286</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_25_286" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PS/2 Model 25 286">25 286</a> systems. Both modules were available for USD $495.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: RapidCAD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a></div> <p>A specially packaged <a href="/wiki/Intel_486" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 486">Intel 486</a>DX and a dummy <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">floating-point unit</a> (FPU) designed as pin-compatible replacements for an i386 processor and <a href="/wiki/I387" class="mw-redirect" title="I387">i387</a> FPU. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions_for_embedded_systems">Versions for embedded systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Versions for embedded systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="80376">80376</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 80376"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Intel_80376" title="Intel 80376">Intel 80376</a></div> <p>This was an embedded version of the 80386SX which did not support real mode and paging in the MMU. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="i386EX,_i386EXTB_and_i386EXTC"><span id="i386EX.2C_i386EXTB_and_i386EXTC"></span>i386EX, i386EXTB and i386EXTC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: i386EX, i386EXTB and i386EXTC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386EX" title="Intel 80386EX">Intel 80386EX</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg/220px-KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg/330px-KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg/440px-KL_Intel_i386EX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Intel i386EXTC, 25 MHz</figcaption></figure> <p>System and power management and built in peripheral and support functions: Two 82C59A interrupt controllers; Timer, Counter (3 channels); Asynchronous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Input_Output&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serial Input Output (page does not exist)">SIO</a> (2 channels); Synchronous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Input_Output&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serial Input Output (page does not exist)">SIO</a> (1 channel); Watchdog timer (Hardware/Software); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Input_Output&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallel Input Output (page does not exist)">PIO</a>. Usable with 80387SX or i387SL FPUs. </p> <ul><li>Data/address bus: 16 / 26 bits</li> <li>Package: <a href="/wiki/PQFP" class="mw-redirect" title="PQFP">PQFP</a>-132, <a href="/wiki/SQFP" class="mw-redirect" title="SQFP">SQFP</a>-144 and PGA-168</li> <li>Process: CHMOS V, 0.8 μm</li> <li>Specified max clock: <ul><li>i386EX: 16 MHz @2.7–3.3 volts or 20 MHz @3.0–3.6 volts or 25 MHz @4.5–5.5 volts</li> <li>i386EXTB: 20 MHz @2.7–3.6 volts or 25 MHz @3.0–3.6 volts</li> <li>i386EXTC: 25 MHz @4.5–5.5 volts or 33 MHz @4.5–5.5 volts</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="i386CXSA_and_i386SXSA_(or_i386SXTA)"><span id="i386CXSA_and_i386SXSA_.28or_i386SXTA.29"></span>i386CXSA and i386SXSA (or i386SXTA)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: i386CXSA and i386SXSA (or i386SXTA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg/220px-KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg/330px-KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg/440px-KL_Intel_i386CX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Intel i386CXSA, 25 MHz</figcaption></figure> <p>Transparent power management mode, integrated <a href="/wiki/Memory_Management_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory Management Unit">MMU</a> and TTL compatible inputs (only 386SXSA). Usable with i387SX or i387SL FPUs. </p> <ul><li>Data/address bus: 16 / 26 bits (24 bits for i386SXSA)</li> <li>Package: <a href="/wiki/BQFP" class="mw-redirect" title="BQFP">BQFP</a>-100</li> <li>Voltage: 4.5–5.5 volts (25 and 33 MHz); 4.75–5.25 volts (40 MHz)</li> <li>Process: CHMOS V, 0.8 μm</li> <li>Specified max clock: 25, 33, 40 MHz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="i386CXSB">i386CXSB</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: i386CXSB"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transparent power management mode and integrated <a href="/wiki/Memory_Management_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory Management Unit">MMU</a>. Usable with i387SX or i387SL FPUs. </p> <ul><li>Data/address bus: 16 / 26 bits</li> <li>Package: <a href="/wiki/BQFP" class="mw-redirect" title="BQFP">BQFP</a>-100</li> <li>Voltage: 3.0 volts (16 MHz) or 3.3 volts (25 MHz)</li> <li>Process: CHMOS V, 0.8 μm</li> <li>Specified max clock: 16, 25 MHz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obsolescence">Obsolescence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Obsolescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> was the only entry in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a> series to officially support the 386, requiring at least a 386DX, though a 486 or better was recommended;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> requires a 486DX or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.51" title="Windows NT 3.51">Windows NT 3.51</a> was the last version with 386 support.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian GNU/Linux</a> dropped 386 support with the release of 3.1 (<i>Sarge</i>) in 2005 and completely removed support in 2007 with 4.0 (<i>Etch</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing the maintenance burden around <a href="/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing" title="Symmetric multiprocessing">SMP</a> primitives, the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> developers cut support from the development codebase in December 2012, later released as kernel version 3.8.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronix-linux-drop-support_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-linux-drop-support-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSDs</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>'s 5.x releases were the last to support the 386; support for the 386SX was cut with release 5.2,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the remaining 386 support was removed with the 6.0 release in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> removed 386 support with version 4.2 (2007),<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> with release 1.12 (2008),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> with the 5.0 release (2009).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel microprocessors">List of Intel microprocessors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 80286 was itself an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> architecture with advanced memory management functions and significantly better performance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This considers integer performance only, as processors prior to the <a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">486DX</a> require a coprocessor to perform floating point calculations in hardware. Increases in floating point performance are measured in tens of thousands of times, compared to the 8086's floating point coprocessor the <a href="/wiki/8087" class="mw-redirect" title="8087">8087</a>, or hundreds of thousands of times compared to software implementations of <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic" title="Floating-point arithmetic">floating point</a> on the <a href="/wiki/8086" class="mw-redirect" title="8086">8086</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was a similar approach to that used by Intel with the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a>, a derivative of the Intel 8086, that was used in the original IBM PC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 16 MB limit was similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">68000</a>, a comparable processor.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009060120/http://developer.intel.com/design/pcn/Processors/D0106013.pdf">"Product Change Notification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. May 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.intel.com/design/pcn/Processors/D0106013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Product+Change+Notification&rft.date=2006-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.intel.com%2Fdesign%2Fpcn%2FProcessors%2FD0106013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intelquickref-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intelquickref_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intelquickref_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intelquickref_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickreffam.htm">"Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide"</a>. Intel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microprocessor+Quick+Reference+Guide&rft.pub=Intel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fpressroom%2Fkits%2Fquickreffam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chen,_Allan_1991,_page_2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, Allan, "The 386 SL Microprocessor Superset: The 32-bit Notebook Hits the Road", Intel Corporation, Microcomputer Solutions, January/February 1991, page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solutions-dec-1985-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solutions-dec-1985_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solutions-dec-1985_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomes1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Gomes, Lee (November–December 1985). Rant, Jon (ed.). "Behind the Scenes: The Making of the 386". <i>Solutions</i>. No. Special 32-Bit Issue: "A Well-Bred Classic: The 80386". <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel Corporation</a>. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solutions&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes%3A+The+Making+of+the+386.&rft.issue=Special+32-Bit+Issue%3A+%22A+Well-Bred+Classic%3A+The+80386%22&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1985-11%2F1985-12&rft.aulast=Gomes&rft.aufirst=Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoering1985" class="citation journal cs1">Goering, Richard (December 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60A-AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Valid+Logic%22+80386+%22Daisy%22">"Development Tools Support 80386 Applications"</a>. <i>Computer Design</i>. <b>24</b> (17). PennWell: 33–34<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2021</span> – via Gale OneFile.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Design&rft.atitle=Development+Tools+Support+80386+Applications&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=33-34&rft.date=1985-12&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60A-AQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Valid%2BLogic%2522%2B80386%2B%2522Daisy%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoworld_Jan_1986-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoworld_Jan_1986_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Forbes, Jim (January 27, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5">"Development of 386 Accelerating"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol. 8, no. 4. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Development+of+386+Accelerating&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1986-01-27&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span> Introduced October 1985, production chip in June 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoworld_Sep_1986-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoworld_Sep_1986_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanney1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Ranney, Elizabeth (September 1, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cS8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5">"ALR Hopes to Beat Completion With Fall Release of 386 Line"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. 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InfoWorld Media Group. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=ALR+Hopes+to+Beat+Completion+With+Fall+Release+of+386+Line&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1986-09-01&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Ranney&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcS8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span> The first 80386 computers were released around October 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmore1986" class="citation journal cs1">Whitmore, Sam (June 17, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A4280128/GPS">"Product Lets Users Write Software for 80386 at Low Cost"</a>. <i>PCWeek</i>. <b>3</b> (24). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netbsd.org&rft.atitle=Announcing+NetBSD+5.0&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netbsd.org%2Freleases%2Fformal-5%2FNetBSD-5.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I386&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Intel Corporation <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntel_Corporation1987" class="citation book cs1">— (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://css.csail.mit.edu/6.858/2013/readings/i386.pdf"><i>Intel 80386 Programmer's Reference Manual 1986</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intel+80386+Programmer%27s+Reference+Manual+1986&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcss.csail.mit.edu%2F6.858%2F2013%2Freadings%2Fi386.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntel_Corporation1986" class="citation book cs1">— (April 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_intel80386ontothe80386Apr86_12904120"><i>Introduction to the 80386, Including the 80386 Data Sheet</i></a>. 231630-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+80386%2C+Including+the+80386+Data+Sheet&rft.date=1986-04&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitsavers_intel80386ontothe80386Apr86_12904120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntel_Corporation1987" class="citation book cs1">— (October 1987). "4. 80386 Microprocessor Family". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_inteldataBrocessorsandPeripheralHandbookVolume1_79473179"><i>Microprocessor</i></a>. Microprocessors and Peripheral Handbook. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55512-073-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55512-073-3"><bdi>1-55512-073-3</bdi></a>. 231630-004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+80386+Microprocessor+Family&rft.btitle=Microprocessor&rft.series=Microprocessors+and+Peripheral+Handbook&rft.date=1987-10&rft.isbn=1-55512-073-3&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitsavers_inteldataBrocessorsandPeripheralHandbookVolume1_79473179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntel_Corporation1988" class="citation book cs1">— (November 1988). "4. INTEL386™ Family". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_inteldataBrocessorandPeripheralHandbookVol1_114989017"><i>Microprocessor</i></a>. Intel Microprocessor and Peripheral Handbook. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55512-041-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55512-041-5"><bdi>1-55512-041-5</bdi></a>. 231630-005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+INTEL386%E2%84%A2+Family&rft.btitle=Microprocessor&rft.series=Intel+Microprocessor+and+Peripheral+Handbook&rft.date=1988-11&rft.isbn=1-55512-041-5&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitsavers_inteldataBrocessorandPeripheralHandbookVol1_114989017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80386/">Intel 80386 processor family</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcjs.org/blog/2015/02/23/">Detailed list of early 80386 steppings (revisions)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirriff2023" class="citation web cs1">Shirriff, Ken (October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.righto.com/2023/10/intel-386-die-versions.html">"Examining the silicon dies of the Intel 386 processor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Examining+the+silicon+dies+of+the+Intel+386+processor&rft.date=2023-10&rft.aulast=Shirriff&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.righto.com%2F2023%2F10%2Fintel-386-die-versions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirriff2023" class="citation web cs1">— (November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.righto.com/2023/11/reverse-engineering-intel-386.html">"Reverse engineering the Intel 386 processor's register cell"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverse+engineering+the+Intel+386+processor%27s+register+cell&rft.date=2023-11&rft.aulast=Shirriff&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.righto.com%2F2023%2F11%2Freverse-engineering-intel-386.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirriff2023" class="citation web cs1">— (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.righto.com/2023/11/intel-386-clock-circuit.html">"Inside the Intel 386 processor die: the clock circuit"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Intel+386+processor+die%3A+the+clock+circuit&rft.date=2023-12&rft.aulast=Shirriff&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.righto.com%2F2023%2F11%2Fintel-386-clock-circuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirriff2023" class="citation web cs1">— (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.righto.com/2023/12/386-barrel-shifter.html">"Reverse engineering the barrel shifter circuit on the Intel 386 processor die"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverse+engineering+the+barrel+shifter+circuit+on+the+Intel+386+processor+die&rft.date=2023-12&rft.aulast=Shirriff&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.righto.com%2F2023%2F12%2F386-barrel-shifter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI386" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Pro_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium Pro processors">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium II processors">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium III processors">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium 4 processors">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium D processors">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_processors" title="List of Intel Core processors">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core 2 processors">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i3_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i3 processors">i3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i5_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i5 processors">i5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i7_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i7 processors">i7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i9_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i9 processors">i9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors" title="List of Intel Xeon processors">Xeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark#List_of_Intel_Quark_processors" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Itanium_processors" title="List of Intel Itanium processors">Itanium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets" title="List of Intel chipsets">Chipsets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">P6 variant (Pentium M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonah_(microprocessor)" title="Yonah (microprocessor)">P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBurst" title="NetBurst">NetBurst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)" title="Intel Core (microarchitecture)">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)" title="Penryn (microarchitecture)">Penryn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)" title="Nehalem (microarchitecture)">Nehalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)" title="Westmere (microarchitecture)">Westmere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bridge" title="Sandy Bridge">Sandy Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)" title="Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)">Ivy Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)" title="Haswell (microarchitecture)">Haswell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)" title="Broadwell (microarchitecture)">Broadwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Lake_(microprocessor)" title="Cannon Lake (microprocessor)">Cannon Lake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Cove_(microarchitecture)" title="Sunny Cove (microarchitecture)">Sunny Cove</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Cove_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypress Cove (microarchitecture)">Cypress Cove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Cove" title="Willow Cove">Willow Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Cove" title="Golden Cove">Golden Cove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultra-low-voltage_processor" title="Ultra-low-voltage processor">ULV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)" title="Bonnell (microarchitecture)">Bonnell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltwell_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwell (microarchitecture)">Saltwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvermont" title="Silvermont">Silvermont</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont" title="Goldmont">Goldmont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont_Plus" title="Goldmont Plus">Goldmont Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremont_(microarchitecture)" title="Tremont (microarchitecture)">Tremont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)" title="Gracemont (microarchitecture)">Gracemont</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="x86-64_(64-bit)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#12th_generation" title="Intel Core">12th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#13th_generation" title="Intel Core">13th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#14th_generation" title="Intel Core">14th gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">BCD</a> oriented (<a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">4004</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4040" title="Intel 4040">4040</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pre-x86 (<a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">8008</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">8080</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8085" title="Intel 8085">8085</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> (<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80186" title="Intel 80186">80186</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80188" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80188">80188</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X87" title="X87">x87</a> (external <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPUs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>8/16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">8087</a> (1980)</dd> <dt>16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80C187" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80C187">80C187</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80287" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80287">80287</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387SX" title="Intel 80387SX">80387SX</a></dd> <dt>32-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80387">80387DX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80487" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80487">80487</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">i386</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386SX" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80376" title="Intel 80376">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386EX" title="Intel 80386EX">EX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I486SX" title="I486SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX2" title="Intel DX2">DX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX4" title="Intel DX4">DX4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486SL" title="I486SL">SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486_OverDrive" title="I486 OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealey" title="Stealey">A100/A110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_a_chip)" title="Atom (system on a chip)">SoC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> (1998) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#P6-based_Mobile_Celerons" title="Celeron">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Original i586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_OverDrive" title="Pentium OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_III" title="Pentium III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_P6-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel P6-based Xeon microprocessors">P6-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_NetBurst-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel NetBurst-based Xeon microprocessors">NetBurst-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core-based Xeon microprocessors">Core-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolapai" title="Tolapai">Tolapai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (system on chip)">SoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Celeron_Dual-Core" title="Celeron">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4#Prescott_2M_(Extreme_Edition)" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D" title="Pentium D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D#Smithfield_XE" title="Pentium D">Extreme Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_2" title="Intel Core 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#1st_generation" title="Intel Core">1st gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#2nd_generation" title="Intel Core">2nd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#3rd_generation" title="Intel Core">3rd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#4th_generation" title="Intel Core">4th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#5th_generation" title="Intel Core">5th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#6th_generation" title="Intel Core">6th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#7th_generation" title="Intel Core">7th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#8th_generation" title="Intel Core">8th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#9th_generation" title="Intel Core">9th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Nehalem-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Nehalem-based)">Nehalem-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Sandy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Sandy Bridge-based)">Sandy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Ivy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Ivy Bridge-based)">Ivy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Haswell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Haswell-based)">Haswell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Broadwell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Broadwell-based)">Broadwell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Skylake-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Skylake-based)">Skylake-based</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">iAPX 432</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Explicitly_parallel_instruction_computing" title="Explicitly parallel instruction computing">EPIC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i860" title="Intel i860">i860</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i960" title="Intel i960">i960</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/XScale" title="XScale">XScale</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tick%E2%80%93tock_model" title="Tick–tock model">Tick–tock model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process%E2%80%93architecture%E2%80%93optimization_model" title="Process–architecture–optimization model">Process–architecture–optimization model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units" title="List of Intel graphics processing units">Intel GPUs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_GMA" title="Intel GMA">GMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technology" title="Intel Graphics Technology">Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Xe" title="Intel Xe">Xe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Arc" title="Intel Arc">Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hub" title="Platform Controller Hub">PCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Controller_Hub" title="System Controller Hub">SCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub" title="I/O Controller Hub">ICHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_IDE_ISA_Xcelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator">PIIXs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratix" title="Stratix">Stratix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_codenames" title="List of Intel codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrabee_(microarchitecture)" title="Larrabee (microarchitecture)">Larrabee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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