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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vita_personale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vita personale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vita_personale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morte_e_funerale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morte_e_funerale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Morte e funerale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morte_e_funerale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">'Iffat al-Thunayan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 13 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنيان آل سعود - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنيان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود ثنیان سعود - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود ثنیان سعود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iffat_bint_Mohammad_Al_Thunayan" title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iffat_bint_Mohammad_Al_Thunayan" title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iffat_binti_Muhammad_ats-Tsunayan" title="Iffat binti Muhammad ats-Tsunayan - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iffat binti Muhammad ats-Tsunayan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%97_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იფათ ბინთ მუჰამედ ას-სუნაიანი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იფათ ბინთ მუჰამედ ას-სუნაიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iffat_as-Sunajjan" title="Iffat as-Sunajjan - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iffat as-Sunajjan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنیان آل سعود - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنیان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Иффат ас-Сунайян - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иффат ас-Сунайян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifet_eth-Thunajan" title="Ifet eth-Thunajan - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ifet eth-Thunajan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iffat_bint_Mohammad_Al_Thunayan" title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ffet_es-S%C3%BCneyyan" title="İffet es-Süneyyan - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İffet es-Süneyyan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنیان آل سعود - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنیان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4120092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del monarca o aristocratico"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color:white; background: #800080;">ʿIffat al-Thunayān</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg/260px-Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg/390px-Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Queen_Effat_Al-Thunayan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="background:#CCF; color: black; height:3px; padding:0;">  </td></tr><tr><th>Nome completo</th><td>ʿIffat bint Muḥammad al-Thunayān </td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/Riad" title="Riad">Riad</a>, 17 febbraio <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Dinastia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Saudita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Saudita">Dinastia Saudita</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Padre</th><td>Muḥammad bin Saʿūd al-Thunayān </td></tr><tr><th>Madre</th><td>Asia </td></tr><tr><th>Consorte di</th><td><a href="/wiki/Faysal_dell%27Arabia_Saudita" title="Faysal dell'Arabia Saudita">Faysal dell'Arabia Saudita</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Figli</th><td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Faysal_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Mohammed bin Faysal Al Sa'ud">Principe Muḥammad</a><br />Principe Bandar<br /><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ud_bin_Faysal_bin_Abd_al-Aziz_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Sa'ud bin Faysal bin Abd al-Aziz Al Sa'ud">Principe Saʿūd</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Faysal_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Turki bin Faysal Al Sa'ud">Principe Turkī</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lu%27lu%27a_bint_Faysal_Al_Sa%27ud" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu'lu'a bint Faysal Al Sa'ud">Principessa Luʾluʾwa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sara_bint_Faysal_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Sara bint Faysal Al Sa'ud">Principessa Sāra</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haifa_bint_Faysal_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Haifa bint Faysal Al Sa'ud">Principessa Haifa</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Religione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo">Musulmana sunnita</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ʿIffat al-Thunayān</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">عفت بنت محمد بن سعود الثنيان آل سعود</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> – <a href="/wiki/Riyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Riyad">Riyad</a>, <a href="/wiki/17_febbraio" title="17 febbraio">17 febbraio</a> <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>) è stata una <a href="/wiki/Principessa" title="Principessa">principessa</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">saudita</a>, moglie di re <a href="/wiki/Faysal_dell%27Arabia_Saudita" title="Faysal dell'Arabia Saudita">Fayṣal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ʿIffat è stata la seconda e più importante consorte di re Fayṣal. È stata talvolta indicata come Regina ʿIffat, Emira ʿIffat o Principessa ʿIffat. Era nota per il suo sforzo di migliorare l'istruzione del regno. È stato la fondatrice del modello scolastico di <a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" title="Ta'if">Ṭāʾif</a> e della prima università femminile dell'Arabia Saudita. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origini_e_formazione">Origini e formazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origini e formazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origini e formazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ʿIffat al-Thunayān faceva parte di un ramo cadetto degli <a href="/wiki/Al_Sa%27ud" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Sa'ud">Al Sa'ud</a>, gli al-Thunayān.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UglowHinton1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UglowHinton1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È nata a <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> nel 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-del_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il padre di ʿIffat era Muḥammad bin Saʿūd al-Thunayān,<sup id="cite_ref-del_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ufficiale militare dell'esercito ottomano.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È morto in combattimento tra il 1918 e il 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sua madre, Āsiya, era una donna turca, di origine ungherese o <a href="/wiki/Circassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassa">circassa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aveva un fratello germano, Zaki, e due fratellastri, Kamal e Mozaffar.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il suo bisnonno è stato <a href="/w/index.php?title=Governatore_di_Riyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governatore di Riyad (la pagina non esiste)">governatore di Riyad</a> nel 1840. Suo nonno era stato portato in Turchia come prigioniero dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> dopo il crollo del <a href="/wiki/Primo_Stato_Saudita" class="mw-redirect" title="Primo Stato Saudita">Primo Stato Saudita</a>. Una delle sorellastre di ʿIffat, Layla, ha sposato il principe <a href="/wiki/Sultan_ibn_%27Abd_al-%27Aziz_Al_Sa%27ud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud">Sulṭān</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il suo zio paterno, Ahmed al-Thunayan (1889 - 1921), è stato uno dei consiglieri di re <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_dell%27Arabia_Saudita" title="Abd al-Aziz dell'Arabia Saudita">ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reb1989_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reb1989-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ʿIffat è stata educata a Istanbul sotto la supervisione della zia Jawhara bint ʿAbd Allāh al-Thunayān.<sup id="cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saudiaramcoworld.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La famiglia era molto povera. Andò a scuola con le scarpe piene di carta invece che con le suole. Ha poi conseguito l'abilitazione all'insegnamento. A causa della caduta dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a>, lei e la sua famiglia tornarono in Arabia Saudita. Nel 1925, la famiglia di ʿIffat ha chiesto assistenza finanziaria per farla andare in pellegrinaggio a <a href="/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca">La Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wrmea.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrmea.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matrimonio_di_Fayṣal"><span id="Matrimonio_di_Fay.E1.B9.A3al"></span>Matrimonio di Fayṣal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Matrimonio di Fayṣal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Matrimonio di Fayṣal"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1931, il principe Fayṣal incontrò ʿIffat per la prima volta mentre stava effettuando un pellegrinaggio a La Mecca con la zia.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il futuro re, che al tempo era viceré del Hijaz, la ha fatta tornare in Turchia con la zia.<sup id="cite_ref-UglowHinton1999_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UglowHinton1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuttavia, c'è un'altra versione circa il loro primo incontro. In esso si afferma che questo avvenne a Istanbul nel 1932, quando il principe Fayṣal era in visita alla città di ritorno da una visita ufficiale in <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hesser2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In seguito la portò a <a href="/wiki/Gedda" title="Gedda">Gedda</a><sup id="cite_ref-reb1989_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reb1989-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hesser2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per sposarla lo stesso anno.<sup id="cite_ref-Talhami2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talhami2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I coniugi risiedevano a La Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-reb1989_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reb1989-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poiché nessuno dei due parlava la lingua dell'altro, si sono insegnati a vicenda i rispettivi. Ebbero nove figli,<sup id="cite_ref-del_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cinque maschi e quattro femmine: Moḥammed, Bandar, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ud_bin_Faysal_bin_Abd_al-Aziz_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Sa'ud bin Faysal bin Abd al-Aziz Al Sa'ud">Saʿūd</a>, Turkī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Luʾluʾa e Haifa.<sup id="cite_ref-Chai2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chai2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quattro figli hanno imparato il turco in famiglia. ʿIffat era diventata un'abile oratrice anche se non ha mai perso il suo accento turco.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I loro figli sono tutti molto istruiti essendo ex allievi di <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Princeton" title="Università di Princeton">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Harvard">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Georgetown" title="Università di Georgetown">Georgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reale_accademia_militare_di_Sandhurst" title="Reale accademia militare di Sandhurst">Sandhurst</a> e <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_College_Cranwell" title="Royal Air Force College Cranwell">Cranwell</a>. Ha incaricato docenti stranieri di educare le sue figlie. Queste più tardi hanno ricevuto una formazione supplementare in Svizzera. Al contrario, solo 6 su 115 figli del fratello maggiore di Fayṣal, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ud_dell%27Arabia_Saudita" title="Sa'ud dell'Arabia Saudita">Saʿūd</a> hanno completato gli studi.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weston2008_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weston2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regina">Regina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Regina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Regina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regina ʿIffat era un titolo informale datole in ragione della sua popolarità in Arabia Saudita.<sup id="cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saudiaramcoworld.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1967, la ha cominciato a fare apparizioni in pubblico in occasione di eventi di stato. Divenne presidente onorario della "Società del Rinascimento dell'Arabia Saudita", che si occupa di garantire l'istruzione professionale alle donne e di assistere famiglie bisognose. Nel quinto anniversario dell'organizzazione<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ha promosso cliniche gratuite e classi letterarie per le donne.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le sue attività filantropiche globali includevano iniziative di benessere sociale per le donne. Nel corso del 1960, ha fondato le prime due agenzie sociali in Arabia Saudita: l'Associazione del welfare femminile di Gedda e l'Associazione del walfare femminile di Riyad, "al-Nahḍa" (Rinascita). Questi programmi sono disponibili ancora oggi.<sup id="cite_ref-younes12_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-younes12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educazione">Educazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Educazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Educazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1943, il principe Fayṣal e la principessa ʿIffat hanno fondato la scuola dei principi di <a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" title="Ta'if">Ṭāʾif</a>, in cui ragazzi e ragazze studiavano insieme.<sup id="cite_ref-younes12_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-younes12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molti bambini della famiglia reale allargata, vi si sono formati. La maggior parte degli insegnanti erano egiziani o yemeniti. La sezione femminile era riservata alle figlie della famiglia reale allargata.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1955 ha avviato la prima scuola privata femminile dell'Arabia Saudita a Gedda, la "Dār al-Ḥannān" (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">دار الحنان</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>, <i>"Casa della Compassione"</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-younes12_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-younes12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una delle sue figlie più giovani si è istruita qui.<sup id="cite_ref-younes12_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-younes12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il nome della scuola è derivato dal <a href="/wiki/Corano" title="Corano">Corano</a>. La classe di partenza aveva 15 studentesse.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel 1956, ha donato denaro e terreni per costruire un orfanotrofio per ragazze in cui sarebbero anche state educate.<sup id="cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hesser2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel 1960, ha fondato il primo collegio per ragazze a Riyad, chiamato "Kulliyat al-Banāt".<sup id="cite_ref-andy2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andy2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1967 ha lanciato la "Nahḍa al-Saʿūdiyya", un'organizzazione per l'educazione delle donne analfabete di Riyad.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel 1970, ʿIffat ha fondato la prima scuola superiore femminile del paese.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nell'agosto 1999 pochi mesi prima della sua morte, ha fondato l'Università ʿIffat adiacente alla Dār al-Ḥannān.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questo è il primo ateneo femminile privato del regno senza scopo di lucro.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ha frequentato molte cerimonie di laurea. I suoi motti erano "Educata te stessa. Siate buone madri. Perfette cittadine saudite. Costruite il vostro paese" e "La madre può essere istruita e pensare al suo bene".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il Premio Principessa ʿIffat al-Thunayān premia le realizzazioni delle donne.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vita_personale">Vita personale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Vita personale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vita personale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ʿIffat aveva capelli color biondo scuro e occhi luminosi.<sup id="cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saudiaramcoworld.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le piaceva coltivare le rose, parlava un fluente francese e amava leggere. Aveva grandi doti organizzatrici.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weston2008_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weston2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quando la zia Jawhara divenne incapace, ʿIffat si prese cura di lei.<sup id="cite_ref-kec2012_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>È apparsa in molti funzioni di stato, ha ricevuto dignitarie femminili e ha viaggiato in lungo e in largo in tutto il regno. Il suo palazzo aveva una politica di porte aperte, per permettere a qualsiasi cittadino saudita di farle visita.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È stata raramente fotografata in pubblico e non è mai apparsa in televisione.<sup id="cite_ref-Weston2008_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weston2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morte_e_funerale">Morte e funerale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Morte e funerale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Morte e funerale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>È morta il 17 febbraio 2000 dopo un'operazione non riuscita.<sup id="cite_ref-wrmea.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrmea.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuna_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuna-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È stata sepolta a Riyad dopo la <a href="/wiki/Jumu%CA%BFa" title="Jumuʿa">preghiera del venerdì</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Talhami2012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talhami2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kec2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kec2012_1-6">g</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Joseph A. Kechichian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/life-style/people/self-assurance-in-the-face-of-military-might-1.967216"><span style="font-style:italic;">Self-assurance in the face of military might</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Gulf News</span>, 20 gennaio 2012. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gulfnews.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-7">h</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-8">i</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-9">j</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews.com_2-10">k</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Joseph A. Kechichian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011003452/http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/weekend-review/articles/pioneer-who-gave-wings-to-saudi-women-s-dreams-1.40588"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pioneer who gave wings to Saudi women's dreams</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Gulf News</span>, 7 agosto 2008. <small>URL consultato il 30 luglio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/weekend-review/articles/pioneer-who-gave-wings-to-saudi-women-s-dreams-1.40588">url originale</abbr> l'11 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UglowHinton1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-UglowHinton1999_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-UglowHinton1999_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Jennifer S. Uglow, Frances Hinton e Maggy Hendry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zlQKDvU1WV0C&pg=PA273"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography</span></a>, UPNE, 1999, p. 273, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-55553-421-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-55553-421-9">978-1-55553-421-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-del-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-del_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-del_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-del_4-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Delinda C. Hanley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105161041/http://www.questia.com/read/1P3-503692711/late-queen-effat-of-saudi-arabia"><span style="font-style:italic;">Late Queen Effat of Saudi Arabia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Washington Report on Middle East Affairs</span>, vol. 22, n. 10, dicembre 2003. <small>URL consultato il 29 agosto 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-503692711/late-queen-effat-of-saudi-arabia">url originale</abbr> il 5 novembre 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Coll, Steve. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=M8dSD-CQOTYC&pg=PT163&dq=queen+iffat&hl=en&ei=5bsxTbLFGMX2gAeQtbzyCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=queen%20iffat&f=false">The Bin Ladens: an Arabian Family in the American Century.</a> New York: Penguin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> As'ad AbuKhalil, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=lfU5ldbBOasC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=abdul+illah+bin+abdulaziz+and+saudi+succession&ots=glrD_TsC_e&sig=19MkgjBRP5HAjILZc5QgQ58jXNE&redir_esc=y#v=o"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Battle for Saudi Arabia. Royalty, fundamntalism and global power</span></a>, New York City, Seven Stories Press, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-58322-610-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-58322-610-9">1-58322-610-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reb1989-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-reb1989_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-reb1989_7-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-reb1989_7-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Rebecca Stefoff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034634/http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=WLPPF05&DataType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free"><span style="font-style:italic;">5, The Kingdom</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Faisal, World Leaders Past and Present</span>, Chelsea House Publishing, 1989. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=WLPPF05&DataType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free">url originale</abbr> il 24 settembre 2015)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saudiaramcoworld.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-saudiaramcoworld.com_8-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004214508/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/effat.s.new.roses.htm#"><span style="font-style:italic;">Effat's New Roses</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">saudiaramcoworld.com</span>, Saudi Aramco World. <small>URL consultato il 30 luglio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/effat.s.new.roses.htm">url originale</abbr> il 4 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wrmea.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wrmea.com_9-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wrmea.com_9-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrmea.com/archives/December_2003/0312079.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Waging Peace: Baghdad: The Movie</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Wrmea</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 luglio 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hesser2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hesser2004_10-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Leon Hesser, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CoEEwADWzeoC&pg=PA104"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nurture the Heart, Feed the World: The Inspiring Life Journeys of Two Vagabonds</span></a>, BookPros, LLC, 1º gennaio 2004, p. 104, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-9744668-8-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-9744668-8-0">978-0-9744668-8-0</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Talhami2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Talhami2012_11-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Talhami2012_11-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Ghada Talhami, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4ddqaCdZdZ0C&pg=PA170"><span style="font-style:italic;">Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa</span></a>, Rowman & Littlefield, 1º dicembre 2012, p. 170, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8108-6858-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8108-6858-8">978-0-8108-6858-8</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chai2005-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Chai2005_12-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Winberg Chai, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lh4bENPP_HEC&pg=PA193"><span style="font-style:italic;">Saudi Arabia: A Modern Reader</span></a>, University Press, 22 settembre 2005, p. 193, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-88093-859-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-88093-859-4">978-0-88093-859-4</a>. <small>URL consultato il 26 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Sabri, Sharaf. The House of Saud in Commerce: a Study of Royal Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. New Delhi: I.S. Publications, 2001. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weston2008-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Weston2008_14-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Weston2008_14-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Weston2008_14-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Mark Weston, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EEEFsVYLko4C&pg=PA450"><span style="font-style:italic;">Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present</span></a>, John Wiley & Sons, 28 luglio 2008, p. 450, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-470-18257-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-470-18257-4">978-0-470-18257-4</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"Gradual Emancipation Greets Saudi Women." St. Petersburg Times [St. Petersburg, Florida] 20 Dec. 1967: 3D. Print. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YRMwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nloDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5889,6369977&dq=iffat+saudi&hl=en">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2T-rAAAAIAAJ&q=queen+iffat&dq=queen+iffat&hl=en&ei=KBExTcneEsT0gAfq7LyZCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAjgK"><span style="font-style:italic;">A thousand and one coffee mornings: scenes from Saudi Arabia</span></a>, Books. <small>URL consultato il 30 luglio 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-younes12-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-younes12_17-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-younes12_17-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-younes12_17-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-younes12_17-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Muhammad Younes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staging.fdu.edu/files/ufdu2011ahme00manuscriptweb.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Women and Education</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in Ahmad Kamal (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">History of the Middle East</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup>, Fairleigh Dickinson University, gennaio 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4507-9087-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4507-9087-1">978-1-4507-9087-1</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-andy2011-18"><a href="#cite_ref-andy2011_18-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Andy Liang, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630192707/http://tech.mit.edu/V131/N41/liang.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opinion: Old and new freedoms for Saudi Arabia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Tech</span>, vol. 131, n. 41, 30 settembre 2011. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://tech.mit.edu/V131/N41/liang.html">url originale</abbr> il 30 giugno 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Kaelen Wilson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318021129/http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=20603&lan=en&sid=1&sp=0"><span style="font-style:italic;">More talk, less distortion by Kaelen Wilson-Goldie</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Common Ground News</span>, 27 marzo 2007. <small>URL consultato il 30 luglio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=20603&lan=en&sid=1&sp=0">url originale</abbr> il 18 marzo 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Stig Stenslie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21534764.2011.576050#.Uh-nGGRJVgt"><span style="font-style:italic;">Power Behind the Veil: Princesses of the House of Saud</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Arabian Studies: Arabia, the Gulf, and the Red Sea</span>, vol. 1, n. 1, 2011, pp. 69-79, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F21534764.2011.576050">10.1080/21534764.2011.576050</a>. <small>URL consultato il 15 aprile 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Mai Yamani. Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives. Reading: Ithaca [u.a., 2006. 269. Print. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/booksid=kk8AmQeC3zMC&pg=PA269&lpg=PA269&dq=The+Mother+can+be+a+school+in+herself+if+you+prepare+her+well+iffat&source=bl&ots=e7O0d1xZmT&sig=SHcyFLoEcOjDYKL1ILo6Bthgv6U&hl=en&ei=b74xTZi6EYPDgQeiyeHCCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=The%20Mother%20can%20be%20a%20school%20in%20herself%20if%20you%20prepare%20her%20well%20iffat&f=false">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Brooks, Geraldine. Nine Parts of Desire: the Hidden World of Islamic Women. New York: Anchor, 1995. Print. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-LwAWfcrdz8C&pg=PT173&dq=queen+iffat&hl=en&ei=5bsxTbLFGMX2gAeQtbzyCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=queen%20iffat&f=false">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> K.S. Ramkumar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060849/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=128532&d=17&m=11&y=2009&pix=kingdom.jpg&category=Kingdom"><span style="font-style:italic;">Women’s empowerment stressed at Effat University function</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Arab News</span>, Jeddah, 16 giugno 2012. <small>URL consultato il 31 agosto 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=128532&d=17&m=11&y=2009&pix=kingdom.jpg&category=Kingdom">url originale</abbr> il 16 giugno 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuna-24"><a href="#cite_ref-kuna_24-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1061147&language=en"><span style="font-style:italic;">Saudi Arabia mourns passing away of princess</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">KUNA</span>, 17 febbraio 2000. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iffat_al-Thunayan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; 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