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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-文学批评史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学批评史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>文学批评史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文学批评史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文学批评史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文学批评史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古典和中世纪的批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典和中世纪的批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>古典和中世纪的批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典和中世纪的批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文艺复兴时期的批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文艺复兴时期的批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>文艺复兴时期的批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文艺复兴时期的批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-启蒙时期的批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#启蒙时期的批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>启蒙时期的批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-启蒙时期的批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-重点文本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重点文本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>重点文本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重点文本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19世纪的批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19世纪的批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>19世纪的批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19世纪的批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-重点文本_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重点文本_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>重点文本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重点文本_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>新批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20世纪重点文本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20世纪重点文本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>20世纪重点文本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20世纪重点文本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-书籍的历史学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#书籍的历史学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>书籍的历史学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-书籍的历史学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文学批评之现状" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学批评之现状"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>文学批评之现状</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文学批评之现状-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对学院式批评之价值的质疑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对学院式批评之价值的质疑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>对学院式批评之价值的质疑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对学院式批评之价值的质疑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">文学批评</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。74种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuurkritiek" title="Literatuurkritiek – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Literatuurkritiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="نقد أدبي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقد أدبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="সাহিত্য সমালোচনা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাহিত্য সমালোচনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_lliteraria" title="Crítica lliteraria – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Crítica lliteraria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fd%C9%99bi_t%C9%99nqid" title="Ədəbi tənqid – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ədəbi tənqid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ادبی تنقیدچی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادبی تنقیدچی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaduakritik" title="Literaduakritik – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Literaduakritik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Літаратурная крытыка – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літаратурная крытыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Літаратурная крытыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літаратурная крытыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Литературна критика – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литературна критика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="সাহিত্য সমালোচনা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহিত্য সমালোচনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skridvarnerezh" title="Skridvarnerezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skridvarnerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_kritika" title="Književna kritika – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Književna kritika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_liter%C3%A0ria" title="Crítica literària – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Crítica literària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AE%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ڕەخنەی ئەدەبی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەخنەی ئەدەبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_kritika" title="Literární kritika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Literární kritika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Литература тиркевĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литература тиркевĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirniadaeth_lenyddol" title="Beirniadaeth lenyddol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Beirniadaeth lenyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteraturanalyse" title="Litteraturanalyse – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litteraturanalyse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturkritik" title="Literaturkritik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Literaturkritik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Λογοτεχνική ανάλυση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λογοτεχνική ανάλυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Literary criticism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_kritiko" title="Literatura kritiko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Literatura kritiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_literaria" title="Crítica literaria – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crítica literaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjanduskriitika" title="Kirjanduskriitika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirjanduskriitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_kritika" title="Literatura kritika – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Literatura kritika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="نقد ادبی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقد ادبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjallisuuskritiikki" title="Kirjallisuuskritiikki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjallisuuskritiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_litt%C3%A9raire" title="Critique littéraire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Critique littéraire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_literaria" title="Crítica literaria – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Crítica literaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ביקורת ספרות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביקורת ספרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदी आलोचना – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिंदी आलोचना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_kritika" title="Književna kritika – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Književna kritika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրաքննադատություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրաքննադատություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրական Քննադատութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գրական Քննադատութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kritik_sastra" title="Kritik sastra – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kritik sastra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3kmenntar%C3%BDni" title="Bókmenntarýni – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bókmenntarýni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critica_letteraria" title="Critica letteraria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Critica letteraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="文芸評論 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文芸評論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Әдеби сын – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әдеби сын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%ED%8F%89%EB%A1%A0" title="문학평론 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문학평론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexneya_w%C3%AAjey%C3%AE" title="Rexneya wêjeyî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rexneya wêjeyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critica_litterarum" title="Critica litterarum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Critica litterarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%C5%ABras_kritika" title="Literatūras kritika – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Literatūras kritika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Книжевна критика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книжевна критика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സാഹിത്യവിമർശനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാഹിത്യവിമർശനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kritikan_sastera" title="Kritikan sastera – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kritikan sastera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaire_kritiek" title="Literaire kritiek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Literaire kritiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteraturkritikk" title="Litteraturkritikk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litteraturkritikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteraturkritikk" title="Litteraturkritikk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litteraturkritikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਾਹਿਤ ਆਲੋਚਨਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਹਿਤ ਆਲੋਚਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krytyka_literacka" title="Krytyka literacka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krytyka literacka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_liter%C3%A1ria" title="Crítica literária – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crítica literária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critic%C4%83_literar%C4%83" title="Critică literară – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Critică literară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Литературная критика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литературная критика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="काव्यविभागाः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="काव्यविभागाः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ACtica_littiraria" title="Crìtica littiraria – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Crìtica littiraria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ادبي تنقيد – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ادبي تنقيد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_kritika" title="Književna kritika – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Književna kritika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="සාහිත්‍ය විචාරය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාහිත්‍ය විචාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liter%C3%A1rna_kritika" title="Literárna kritika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Literárna kritika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literarna_kritika" title="Literarna kritika – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Literarna kritika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kritika_letrare" title="Kritika letrare – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kritika letrare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Књижевна критика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књижевна критика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteraturkritik" title="Litteraturkritik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litteraturkritik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsusuring_pampanitikan" title="Pagsusuring pampanitikan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsusuring pampanitikan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edebi_ele%C5%9Ftiri" title="Edebi eleştiri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edebi eleştiri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Літературна критика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літературна критика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ادبی تنقید – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادبی تنقید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanqid_(faoliyat)" title="Tanqid (faoliyat) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tanqid (faoliyat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AA_b%C3%ACnh_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phê bình văn học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phê bình văn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="文學評論 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文學評論" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינטערפרעטאציע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינטערפרעטאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="文學評論 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文學評論" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58854#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言，也可能使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">機器翻譯</a>。請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫，并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。<b>明顯拙劣</b>的翻譯請改掛<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:D">d</a>|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD#G13" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">G13</a>}}</code>提交刪除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" width="151" style="padding:0.1em; margin:1px 1px 0.5em 0.5em; border:#cccccc 2px solid; background:#efefef; text-align:center; float: right; clear:right;" class="editsection"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#bcbcbc"><b>文學</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Lit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#bcbcbc"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國文學">各國文學</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:文学">記事總覽</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="Category:出版社">出版社</a>・<a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="Category:文学期刊">文学期刊</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" title="Category:文學獎">文学獎</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#bcbcbc"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="作家">作家</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:诗人">詩人</a>・<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:小说家">小說家</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="作家">其他作家</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>文学批评</b>或<b>文學評論</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Literary criticism</span>）乃是对<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>的研究、评价和解读。现代文学批评经常受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="文学理论">文学理论</a>的影响，而后者专注于对文学的技巧和目标进行哲学性的探讨。二者虽然密切相关，但文学<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="批评家">批评家</a>未必总是理论家。 </p><p>文学批评是从文学理论中分离出来的独立一支，还是基于具体的文学及其批判的问题还颇有争议。例如：《约翰霍普金斯大学文学思想和批评指南》（Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary thinking and Criticism）描述的文学理论和文学批评之间就没有区别，而且几乎都是使用两个术语来描述相同的概念。一些评论家认为文学批评是文学理论的实践，因为批评总是直接处理文学作品，而理论可能更为一般而抽象。 </p><p>文学批评往往呈现为文章或专著。学术型的文学批评家在文学系任教，并在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="学术期刊">学术期刊</a>上发表文章；著名的批评家则在大众期刊上发布他们的批评，例如《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E6%8A%A5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%89%AF%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰晤士报文学副刊（页面不存在）">泰晤士报文学副刊</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1%E6%9B%B8%E8%A9%95" title="紐約時報書評">纽约时报书评</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E4%B9%A6%E8%AF%84" title="纽约书评">纽约书评</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E4%B9%A6%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伦敦书评（页面不存在）">伦敦书评</a>》<i>、</i>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%88%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家（美国期刊）（页面不存在）">国家</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="纽约客">纽约客</a>》。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文学批评史"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84.E5.8F.B2"></span>文学批评史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：文学批评史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>亚里士多德的《诗学》清晰地定义了文学的范畴，并且引入了许多沿用至今的文学术语。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="古典和中世纪的批评"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E5.92.8C.E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA.E7.9A.84.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>古典和中世纪的批评</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：古典和中世纪的批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>文学批评的历史几乎和文学本身一样长。公元前4世纪，亚里士多德著《诗学》，便涉猎了文学分类学和诸多文学类型之描述，同时夹杂着大量对同时代艺术作品的细致批评。在《诗学》中第一次发展出来的“文学模拟”和“感情净化”等概念，直到今天，也还是文学研究的重中之重。柏拉图对诗的抨击，如“仿制”、“劣等”和“虚伪”等，同样也是文学批评成长期的产物。几乎是同一时代，婆罗达牟尼在他的《戏剧学》里，涉及到了对古印度文学和梵语戏剧的批评。 </p><p>后古典时期和中世纪的批评专注于宗教文本，由此产生的宗教诠释传统和训诂学对世俗文学的研究影响深远。对于三大亚伯拉罕宗教之文学，即犹太教文学、基督教文学和伊斯兰教文学来说，情况尤其如此。 </p><p>自公元9世纪起，文学批评以别的形式被应用于阿拉伯世界的文学和诗歌批评中，尤其是贾希兹（ Al-Jahiz）的<i>al-Bayan wa-'l-tabyin </i>和 <i>al-Hayawan</i>，以及阿卜杜拉·伊本（ Abdullah ibn al-Mu'tazzb ）的<i>Kitab al-Badi。</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b>重点文本</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></p><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE" title="柏拉图">柏拉图</a>：《离子（对话篇）》《理想国》《克拉底鲁》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a>：《诗学》《修辞学》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a>：《诗歌艺术》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隆基努斯（页面不存在）">隆基努斯</a>：《论崇高》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%8F%90%E8%AF%BA" title="普罗提诺">普罗提诺</a>：《论知性美》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="圣奥古斯丁">圣奥古斯丁</a>：《论基督教的教义》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%B1%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="波爱修斯">波爱修斯</a>：《哲学的慰藉》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="阿奎那">阿奎那</a>：《神圣教义的本质与领域》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="但丁">但丁</a>：《宴会》《致Can Grande Della Scala的信》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%84%E4%BC%BD%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="薄伽丘">薄伽丘</a>：《但丁的生活》《外邦神的家谱》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E4%B8%87%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%96%84%E4%BC%BD%E4%B8%98" title="乔万尼·薄伽丘">乔万尼·薄伽丘</a>：《戏剧》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%A1%91" title="克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑">克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑</a>：《女士之城》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="婆罗多牟尼">婆罗多牟尼</a>：《戏剧》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajashekhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajashekhara（页面不存在）">Rajashekhara</a>：《文学探究》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%81%E5%9E%A4" title="蚁垤">蚁垤</a>：《诗的发明》（选自《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那">罗摩衍那</a>》）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anandavardhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anandavardhana（页面不存在）">Anandavardhana</a>：《小建议》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E4%B8%95" title="曹丕">曹丕</a>：《典論論文》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="陸機">陸機</a>：《文賦》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%8B%B0" title="刘勰">刘勰</a>：《文心雕龍》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E5%B6%B8" title="鍾嶸">鍾嶸</a>：《詩品》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%8C%E9%BE%84" title="王昌龄">王昌龄</a>：《诗格》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E7%A9%BA%E5%9B%BE" title="司空图">司空图</a>：《二十四诗集》</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="文艺复兴时期的批评"><span id=".E6.96.87.E8.89.BA.E5.A4.8D.E5.85.B4.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>文艺复兴时期的批评</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：文艺复兴时期的批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>时期的文学批评将古典理念发展为文学的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="新古典主义">新古典主义</a>，同时实现了其形式与内容的统一。文学开始被尊为文化的核心，诗人和作家也被赋予了保持悠久文学传统的使命。1498年，随着经典文本的复兴，尤其是Giorgio Valla对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a>《诗学》的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>译著面世，文艺复兴时期的文学批评诞生了。而亚里士多德的作品，特别是《诗学》，便从此作为文学批评领域最有影响力的著作，一直持续到18世纪末期。Lodovico Castelvetro是这一时期影响最为深远的批评家，他在1570年为《诗学》写了评注。 </p><p><b>重点文本</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodovico_Castelvetro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodovico Castelvetro（页面不存在）">Lodovico Castelvetro</a>：《亚里士多德的诗学翻译与解释》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲利普西德尼（页面不存在）">菲利普西德尼</a>：《为诗道歉》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E6%A0%BC%E5%B8%83%E5%B4%87%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅格布崇义（页面不存在）">雅格布崇义</a>：《论但丁喜剧的辩护》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%B8%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%A2" title="托尔夸托·塔索">托尔夸托·塔索</a>：《关于英雄诗歌的论述》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="培根">培根</a>：《学习进步》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利雷诺（页面不存在）">亨利雷诺</a>：《Mythomystes》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mandaville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mandaville（页面不存在）">John Mandaville</a>：《撰写于14世纪中叶 - 最有可能是法国医生》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="启蒙时期的批评"><span id=".E5.90.AF.E8.92.99.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>启蒙时期的批评</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：启蒙时期的批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="重点文本"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E7.82.B9.E6.96.87.E6.9C.AC"></span>重点文本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：重点文本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="托马斯·霍布斯">托马斯·霍布斯</a>：《答达文特对Gondibert的序言》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%83%E4%BE%9D" title="皮埃尔·高乃依">皮埃尔·高乃依</a>：《行动，时间和地点三者的统一》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·德莱顿">约翰·德莱顿</a>：《一部戏剧性的诗歌》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%93%A6%E6%B4%9B" title="尼古拉·布瓦洛">尼古拉·布瓦洛</a>：《诗歌艺术》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·洛克">约翰·洛克</a>：《一篇关于人类理解的文章》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dennis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dennis（页面不存在）">John Dennis</a>：《现代诗歌的进步与改造》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%92%B2%E6%9F%8F" title="亚历山大·蒲柏">亚历山大·蒲柏</a>：《一篇关于批评的论文》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%BF%AA%E7%94%9F" title="约瑟夫·艾迪生">约瑟夫·艾迪生</a>：《论想象的乐趣》（“观察家”散文）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E6%9F%AF" title="詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯">詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯</a>：《新科学》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B" title="埃德蒙·伯克">埃德蒙·伯克</a>：《对我们崇高美的思想渊源的哲学探讨》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a>：《品味标准》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A" title="塞缪尔·约翰逊">塞缪尔·约翰逊</a>：《论小说，拉塞拉斯，莎士比亚序言》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Young（页面不存在）">Edward Young</a>：《关于原始构图的猜想》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A4%AB%E8%8E%B1%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E8%BE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="戈特霍尔德·埃夫莱姆·莱辛">戈特霍尔德·埃夫莱姆·莱辛</a>：《拉奥孔》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%9B%B8%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%AB%BE%E8%8C%B2" title="約書亞·雷諾茲">約書亞·雷諾茲</a>：《关于艺术的论述》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Sharp（页面不存在）">Richard Sharp</a>：《散文与诗歌中的书信与文章》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97" title="德尼·狄德罗">德尼·狄德罗</a>：《表演的悖论》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">伊曼努尔·康德</a>：《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E5%8A%9B%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4" title="判断力批判">判断力批判</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" title="玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特">玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特</a>：《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%AC%8A%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%B7" title="女權辯護">女權辯護</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·布莱克">威廉·布莱克</a>：《天堂或地狱的婚姻》，《给Thomas Butts的信》，《雷诺兹话语的诠释》，《描述性目录》，《愿最后的审判》，《论荷马的诗歌》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%AD%E5%8B%92" title="弗里德里希·席勒">弗里德里希·席勒</a>：《关于人的审美教育的几封信函》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%8B%92%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE" title="卡爾·威廉·施勒格爾">卡爾·威廉·施勒格爾</a>：《批评的片段》，《关于雅典娜的片段》，《论不理解》</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19世纪的批评"><span id="19.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA.E7.9A.84.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>19世纪的批评</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：19世纪的批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十九世纪初的英国浪漫主义运动将全新的审美理念引入文学研究，这就是：文学对象未必一定得是漂亮的、高贵的或者完美的；文学本身就具有化腐朽为神奇的力量。在德国，古典主义之后继起的浪漫主义文学理念强调了碎片化的审美观（an aesthetic of fragmentation ），对于英语文学的读者而言，这个观点具有惊人的现代性；相比于严肃的英语浪漫主义观来讲，它也更加着重地强调所谓的“智慧”或者“诙谐”（德文词：Witz）。到了十九世纪后期，文学作品给一些作家们带来的声誉反而不如其文学评论带来的大，例如马修·阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）就是这样。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="重点文本_2"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E7.82.B9.E6.96.87.E6.9C.AC_2"></span>重点文本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：重点文本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%B9%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·华兹华斯">威廉·华兹华斯</a>：《第二版序言》抒情歌谣</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="杰曼·德·斯戴尔">杰曼·德·斯戴尔</a>：《文学与社会制度的关系》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E6%9E%97" title="弗里德里希·谢林">弗里德里希·谢林</a>：《论造型艺术与自然的关系》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%8B%E6%B2%BB" title="塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治">塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治</a>：《莎士比亚的判断与他的才能相等》，《论礼貌批评的原则》，《政治家手册》，《传记文学》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="威廉·馮·洪堡">威廉·馮·洪堡</a>：《文集》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B5%8E%E6%85%88" title="约翰·济慈">约翰·济慈</a>：《给本杰明贝利的信》，《乔治和托马斯济慈》，《约翰泰勒》，和《理查德伍德豪斯》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%94%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%8E" title="阿图尔·叔本华">阿图尔·叔本华</a>：《意志与想法的世界》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Love_Peacock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Love Peacock（页面不存在）">Thomas Love Peacock</a>：《诗歌代四个时代》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%8E%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="雪莱">雪莱</a>：《诗歌的辩护》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德">约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德</a>：《与Eckermann的对话》，《马克西姆No.279》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔</a>：《美术哲学》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·卡莱尔">托马斯·卡莱尔</a>：《符号》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·斯图尔特·密尔">约翰·斯图尔特·密尔</a>：《什么是诗歌？》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E9%BB%98%E7%94%9F" title="拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生">拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生</a>：《诗人》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94-%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="沙尔-奥古斯丁·圣伯夫">沙尔-奥古斯丁·圣伯夫</a>：《什么是经典？》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1" title="爱伦·坡">爱伦·坡</a>：《诗意原则》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%BA%E5%BE%B7" title="马修·阿诺德">马修·阿诺德</a>：《1853年版序》诗歌，《当代批评的方式》，《诗歌研究》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="依波利特·阿道尔夫·丹纳">依波利特·阿道尔夫·丹纳</a>：《英国文学与语言史》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="夏尔·波德莱尔">夏尔·波德莱尔</a>：《1859年的沙龙》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">马克思</a>：《德意志意识形态》，《政治经济学批判》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E8%B2%9D%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E5%87%B1%E9%83%AD%E7%88%BE" title="索倫·奧貝·克爾凱郭爾">索倫·奧貝·克爾凱郭爾</a>：《两个时代：文学评论》，</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" class="mw-redirect" title="尼采">尼采</a>：《<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%89%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="悲剧的诞生">悲剧的诞生</a>》，《超常意义中的真实与虚假》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Pater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Pater（页面不存在）">Walter Pater</a>：《文艺复兴史研究》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="左拉">左拉</a>：《实验小说》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿纳托尔·法郎士">阿纳托尔·法郎士</a>：《灵魂的冒险》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="王尔德">王尔德</a>：《说谎的衰败》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬拉美">馬拉美</a>：《文学的演变》，《书：精神之谜》，《文学之谜》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0" title="列夫·托爾斯泰">列夫·托爾斯泰</a>：《What Is Art?》</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="新批评"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>新批评</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：新批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然已经有了很多重要的审美运动做为先驱，但是关于文学批评的现代观点，却是脱胎于二十世纪初发展起来的全新进路。在这一世纪之初，以“俄罗斯形式主义”之名著称的批评流派，以及稍晚一些的英美新批评主义开始主宰英语世界的文学讨论和研究。这两个学派都大大拔高了文本研读在文学批评中的价值，认为它比一般化的讨论、比对作者意图或者读者反应的探究远为重要。尽管上述学派早已衰落，但这种对于文学形式的强调、对“文字本身”的严肃关注却一直持续到现在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="理论"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>理论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%80%9D%E6%B4%9B%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A" title="諾思洛普·弗萊">诺思洛普·弗莱</a>（ Northrop Frye ）于1957年出版了一本很有影响力的《对批评的剖析》（Anatomy of Criticism）。在这本书中，他评论说，一些批评家倾向于先接受某种思想体系（ideology），然后以这一体系为基准评判文学作品。这一视角对现代的保守派思想家们影响极大。例如E·迈克尔·琼斯( E. Michael Jones)在他的《堕落的现代人》（Degenerate Moderns）中，就据此论争说，斯坦利·费希（Stanley Fish ）因为自己曾经通奸过，便排斥谴责通奸的古典文学。<i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>二十世纪六十年代晚期之前，新批评主义差不多就是英美文学圈的主角。这段时间里，受结构主义、后结构主义和其他欧陆哲学的影响，英美各个大学的文学部见证了一套更加系统的哲学性文学理论的崛起。这股潮流一直持续到八十年代中期，此时人们对“理论”的兴趣达到顶峰。此后的批评家们，虽然毫无疑问地仍然受其影响，但是也就开始舒舒服服地解读文本，而不再去构想一套系统的方法论和哲学预设了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20世纪重点文本"><span id="20.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA.E9.87.8D.E7.82.B9.E6.96.87.E6.9C.AC"></span>20世纪重点文本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：20世纪重点文本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%86%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E9%BD%90" title="贝内德托·克罗齐">贝内德托·克罗齐</a>：《审美》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._C._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. C. Bradley（页面不存在）">A. C. Bradley</a>：《为诗歌的酒所作的诗》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a>：《创意作家和白日梦》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%B7%92%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="弗迪南·德·索緒爾">弗迪南·德·索緒爾</a>：《普通语言学课程》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%B6%AD-%E5%8F%B2%E9%99%80" title="克勞德·李維-史陀">克勞德·李維-史陀</a>：《神话的结构研究》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. E. Hulme（页面不存在）">T. E. 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Gontar（页面不存在）">David P. Gontar</a>：《“哈姆雷特变得简单”和“不读莎士比亚”》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF-%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%98%E5%B0%94" title="汉斯-格奥尔格·伽达默尔">汉斯-格奥尔格·伽达默尔</a>：《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真理与方法（页面不存在）">真理与方法</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%A7%91" title="保罗·利科">保罗·利科</a>：《作为认知，想象和感受的隐喻过程》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9ter_Szondi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Péter Szondi（页面不存在）">Péter Szondi</a>：《论文本理解》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._H._Abrams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. H. Abrams（页面不存在）">M. H. Abrams</a>：《如何用文本做事》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Hillis_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Hillis Miller（页面不存在）">J. Hillis Miller</a>：《作为东道主的评论家》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="克利福德·格爾茨">克利福德·格爾茨</a>：《模糊的体裁：社会思想的改造》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%A2%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%86%85%E8%92%82" title="菲利波·托马索·马里内蒂">菲利波·托马索·马里内蒂</a>：《未来主义的基础和宣言》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E6%8B%89" title="卓斯坦·查拉">卓斯坦·查拉</a>：《无懈可击的宣言》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E5%B8%83%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德烈布勒东（页面不存在）">安德烈布勒东</a>：《超现实主义宣言》，《1925年1月27日的宣言》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mina_Loy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mina Loy（页面不存在）">Mina Loy</a>：《女权主义宣言》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E5%85%89%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%80" title="橫光利一">橫光利一</a>：《感觉和新感觉》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_de_Andrade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald de Andrade（页面不存在）">Oswald de Andrade</a>：《食人魔宣言》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8B%92%E6%9D%B1" title="安德烈·布勒東">安德烈·布勒東</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="托洛茨基">托洛茨基</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AD%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E9%9F%8B%E6%8B%89" title="迭戈·里韋拉">迭戈·里韋拉</a>：《宣言：迈向自由革命的艺术》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%80%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胡适">胡适</a>：《关于文学改革的几点建议》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF" title="奥克塔维奥·帕斯">奥克塔维奥·帕斯</a>：《弓和里拉》</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="书籍的历史学"><span id=".E4.B9.A6.E7.B1.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.AD.A6"></span>书籍的历史学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：书籍的历史学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>书籍历史学研究与其他形式的文学批评相联系着。它是一个学科交叉的领域，借鉴了文献目录学、文化史、文学史和媒介理论的学术方法。以生产、流动和文本的接受、材料的形式为主要关注点，书籍历史学试图寻找文本形式与其内容方面的关联。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文学批评之现状"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84.E4.B9.8B.E7.8E.B0.E7.8A.B6"></span>文学批评之现状</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：文学批评之现状"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>今天，伴随着更加保守的文学批评观（也就是新批评主义者很可能会支持的观念，文学批评的兴趣和欧陆哲学在大学的文学部里和平共存。关于文学批评的目标和方法的不同意见，曾经是正在兴起的两派文学批评理论的各自标志和争论焦点，如今都已经消退了。很多批评家觉得，他们现在能够从一大组高度多元的方法和进路中做拣选。 </p><p>一些批评家主要处理理论文本，而另一些读更多的传统文学。尽管对文学正典的兴趣从来不曾减退，但很多批评家也开始对少数民族文学和妇女文学发生兴趣，与此同时，也有很多受到文化研究学影响的批评家开始阅读流行大众文本，例如连环画或低俗/类型小说。文化生态学批评者（Ecocritics）已经描绘出了文学和自然科学的联系。达尔文主义文学研究考虑了进化论背景下人性如何受影响。很多文学批评家也致力于电影批评或者传媒研究，一些则写了知识史方面的书，一些则把社会史的研究方法和结论引入了文学阅读中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对学院式批评之价值的质疑"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.AD.A6.E9.99.A2.E5.BC.8F.E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84.E4.B9.8B.E4.BB.B7.E5.80.BC.E7.9A.84.E8.B4.A8.E7.96.91"></span>对学院式批评之价值的质疑</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：对学院式批评之价值的质疑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>文学批评的价值一直受到一些著名艺术家的质疑。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="纳博科夫">纳博科夫</a>争论说，一位好的读者在读书、尤其是读文学杰作之时，其目的并不是“学术研究”，更不是致力于归纳“文学的普遍规律”。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 詹姆斯·乔伊斯的孙子，Stephen J. Joyce于1986年在哥本哈根参加一个乔伊斯作品学术研讨会之时，说到：“如果祖父在这里的话，他会笑死的......既然《都柏林人》和《一个青年艺术家的肖像》可以被随便哪位读者拿起来阅读和欣赏，而无需任何学术指导、文学理论或者复杂的诠释，那么《尤利西斯》也是一样——只要你把那些文学批评的噪声抛诸脑后。”他又质问道，美国国会图书馆收藏了261本文学批评著作，它们是否真的为乔伊斯的文学遗产增添了光彩？<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="比较文学">比较文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE" title="文学流派">文学流派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書史（页面不存在）">书史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传统诗歌（页面不存在）">传统诗歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="伊格尔顿">伊格尔顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="让·斯塔罗宾斯基">让·斯塔罗宾斯基</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Gelder1982" class="citation">van Gelder, G. J. H., Beyond the Line: Classical Arabic Literary Critics on the Coherence an Unity of the Poem, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brill_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brill Publishers（页面不存在）">Brill Publishers</a>: 1–2, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9004068546" title="Special:网络书源/9004068546"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9004068546</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&rft.aufirst=G.+J.+H.&rft.aulast=van+Gelder&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Line%3A+Classical+Arabic+Literary+Critics+on+the+Coherence+an+Unity+of+the+Poem&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9004068546&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, E. Michael; <i><b>Degenerate Moderns: Modernity as Rationalized Sexual Misbehaviour</b></i>; pp. 79-84; published 1991 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignatius Press（页面不存在）">Ignatius Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0898704472" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0898704472</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[纳博科夫]“文学”讲座，chap. <i>L'Envoi</i> p.381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="纽约客">纽约客</a>(2006) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/19/060619fa_fact?printable=true#ixzz0oqM8PeE5">The injustice collector</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130831165430/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/19/060619fa_fact?printable=true#ixzz0oqM8PeE5">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i> by D. T. Max, June 19, 2006</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究書目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：研究書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>廖炳惠：《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Ff55AAAAIAAJ&q=%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E8%A9%9E200&dq=%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E8%A9%9E200&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ei=n-XZUMzmE_CUiAexn4H4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA">關鍵詞200：文學與批評研究的通用詞匯編</a>》（台北：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%94%B0%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="麥田出版">麥田出版</a>，2003）。</li> <li>趙毅衡：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c063-200101041.pdf">有罪推定式的「文學批評」</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201123134906/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c063-200101041.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618214519/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-71">“思想的历史大辞典”：文学批评</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0908430.html">杜鲁门卡波特的文学批评奖</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071013000613/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0908430.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）获奖者</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607091924/http://www.ipl.org/div/litcrit/">互联网公共图书馆：文学批评</a> 收集关键传记网站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906110954/http://www.unizar.es/departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/bibliography.html">文学理论，批评和语言学书目</a>（萨拉戈萨大学）</li></ul> <p><br /></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Template:艺术批评导航"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:艺术批评导航（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:艺术批评导航"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="艺术批评（英语：-&#123;Arts_criticism&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艺术批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arts criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艺术批评（页面不存在）">艺术批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Arts criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arts criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建筑批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Architecture criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建筑批评（页面不存在）">建筑批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Architecture criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Architecture criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="设计批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="设计批评（页面不存在）">设计批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Art criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舞蹈批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dance criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舞蹈批评（页面不存在）">舞蹈批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Dance criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dance criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="電影評論">电影评论</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">文学批评</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音乐新闻" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音乐新闻（页面不存在）">音乐新闻</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:Music journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电视批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Television criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电视批评（页面不存在）">电视批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Television criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Television criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戏剧批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theatre criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戏剧批评（页面不存在）">戏剧批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Theatre criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theatre criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電子游戏新闻" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Video game journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電子游戏新闻（页面不存在）">電子游戏新闻</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:Video game journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Video game journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">另见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藝術新聞學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arts journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藝術新聞學（页面不存在）">藝術新聞學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:Arts journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arts journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艺术评论家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art critic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艺术评论家（页面不存在）">艺术评论家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_critic" class="extiw" title="en:Art critic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art critic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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