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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Control sequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_sequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Keyboard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modem_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modem_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modem control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modem_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_control_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_control_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Comparison with control characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_control_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ASCII_video_data_terminals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASCII_video_data_terminals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ASCII video data terminals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ASCII_video_data_terminals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ASCII video data terminals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ASCII_video_data_terminals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_in_DOS_and_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_DOS_and_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Use in DOS and Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_DOS_and_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_Linux_and_Unix_displays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_Linux_and_Unix_displays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Use in Linux and Unix displays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_Linux_and_Unix_displays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quoting_escape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quoting_escape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Quoting escape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quoting_escape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quoting escape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quoting_escape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_detail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_detail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>In detail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_detail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Escape sequence</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Екранираща последователност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екранираща последователност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_sekvence" title="Escape sekvence – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Escape sekvence" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape-Sequenz" title="Escape-Sequenz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Escape-Sequenz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="توالی گریز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توالی گریز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quence_d%27%C3%A9chappement" title="Séquence d'échappement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séquence d'échappement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84_%EC%8B%9C%ED%80%80%EC%8A%A4" title="이스케이프 시퀀스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스케이프 시퀀스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="エスケープシーケンス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスケープシーケンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequ%C3%AAncia_de_escape" title="Sequência de escape – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sequência de escape" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Управляющая последовательность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управляющая последовательность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E4%B9%89%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="转义序列 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="转义序列" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about sequences of characters that, because of a prefix, have a special meaning, possibly to control peripheral devices. For specialized usages, see <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequence_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Escape sequence (disambiguation)">Escape sequence (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Character combinations with ulterior meaning</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, an <b>escape sequence</b> is a combination of <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> that has a meaning other than the literal characters contained therein;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is marked by one or more preceding (and possibly terminating) characters.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and many derivative programming languages, a string escape sequence is a series of two or more characters, <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequences_in_C" title="Escape sequences in C">starting with a backslash <code>\</code></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Note that in C a backslash immediately followed by a newline does <em>not</em> constitute an escape sequence, but splices physical source lines into logical ones in the second translation phase, whereas string escape sequences are converted in the fifth translation phase.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>To represent the backslash character itself, <code>\\</code> can be used, whereby the first backslash indicates an escape and the second specifies that a backslash is being escaped.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A character may be escaped in multiple different ways. Assuming ASCII encoding, the escape sequences <code>\x5c</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>), <code>\\</code>, and <code>\134</code> (<a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">octal</a>) all encode the same character: the backslash <code>\</code>.</li></ul></li> <li>For devices that respond to <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape</a> sequences, the combination of three or more characters beginning with the ASCII "escape" character (decimal character code 27) followed by the left-bracket character <code>[</code> (decimal character code 91) defines an escape sequence.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Control_sequences">Control sequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Control sequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When directed, this series of <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> is used to change the <a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> and their attached <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripheral</a> devices, rather than to be displayed or printed as regular <a href="/wiki/Data_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Data (computing)">data</a> bytes would be, these are also known as <b>control sequences</b>, reflecting their use in device control, beginning with the <b>Control Sequence Initiator</b> - originally the "escape character" ASCII code - character 27 (decimal) - often written "Esc" on <a href="/wiki/Keycap" title="Keycap">keycaps</a>. </p><p>With the introduction of ANSI terminals most escape sequences began with the <i>two</i> characters "ESC" then "[" or a specially-allocated <b>CSI</b> character with a code 155 (decimal). </p><p>Not all control sequences used an escape character; for example: </p> <ul><li>modem control sequences used by AT/<a href="/wiki/Hayes_command_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayes command set">Hayes-compatible</a> modems<sup id="cite_ref-Hayes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CISCO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CISCO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_General" title="Data General">Data General</a> terminal control sequences,<sup id="cite_ref-Data_General_Terminals_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Data_General_Terminals-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kermit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kermit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DG210_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DG210-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they often were still called escape sequences, and the very common use of "escaping" special characters in programming languages and command-line parameters today often use the "backslash" character to begin the sequence.</li></ul> <p>Escape sequences in communications are commonly used when a computer and a peripheral have only a single channel through which to send information back and forth (so escape sequences are an example of <a href="/wiki/In-band_signaling" title="In-band signaling">in-band signaling</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dict_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dict-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Terminal_Handbook_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terminal_Handbook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were common when most <a href="/wiki/Dumb_terminals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumb terminals">dumb terminals</a> used <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> with 7 data bits for communication, and sometimes would be used to switch to a different character set for "foreign" or graphics characters that would otherwise been restricted by the 128 codes available in 7 data bits. Even relatively "dumb" terminals responded to some escape sequences, including the original mechanical Teletype printers (on which "glass Teletypes" or VDUs were based) responded to characters 27 and 31 to alternate between letters and figures modes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keyboard">Keyboard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Keyboard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An escape character is usually assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Esc_key" title="Esc key">Esc key</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboard</a>, and can be sent in other ways than as part of an escape sequence. For example, the Esc key may be used as an input character in editors such as <a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-VI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or for backing up one level in a menu in some applications.<sup id="cite_ref-PCWorld_2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCWorld_2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hewlett Packard <a href="/wiki/HP_2640" title="HP 2640">HP 2640</a> terminals had a key for a "display functions" mode which would display graphics for all control characters, including Esc, to aid in <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> applications. </p><p>If the Esc key and other keys that send escape sequences are both supposed to be meaningful to an application, an ambiguity arises if a <a href="/wiki/Character_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Character terminal">character terminal</a> is in use. When the application receives the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> escape character, it is not clear whether that character is the result of the user pressing the Esc key or whether it is the initial character of an escape sequence (e.g., resulting from an arrow key press). The traditional method of resolving the ambiguity is to observe whether or not another character quickly follows the escape character. If not, it is assumed not to be part of an escape sequence. This <a href="/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic">heuristic</a> can fail under some circumstances, especially without fast modern communication speeds. </p><p>Escape sequences date back at least to the 1874 <a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baudot_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baudot-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TC304_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC304-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modem_control">Modem control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modem control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hayes_command_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayes command set">Hayes command set</a>, for instance, defines a single escape sequence, <i><a href="/wiki/%2B%2B%2B_(modem)" class="mw-redirect" title="+++ (modem)">+++</a></i>. (In order to interpret <i>+++</i>, which may be a part of data, as the escape sequence, the sender stops communication for one second before and after the <i>+++</i>.) When the modem encounters this in a stream of data, it switches from its normal mode of operation, which simply sends any characters to the phone, to a command mode in which the following data is assumed to be a part of the command language. You can switch back to the <i>online mode</i> by sending the O command. </p><p>The Hayes command set is <a href="/wiki/Mode_(user_interface)" title="Mode (user interface)">modal</a>, switching from command mode to online mode.<sup id="cite_ref-Modem_2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modem_2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Modem_Programming_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modem_Programming-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not appropriate in the case where the commands and data will switch back and forth rapidly. An example of a non-modal escape sequence control language is the <a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a>, which used a series of commands prefixed by a <a href="/wiki/Control_Sequence_Introducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Control Sequence Introducer">Control Sequence Introducer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_control_characters">Comparison with control characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison with control characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></div> <p>A control character is a character that, in isolation, has some control function, such as <a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">carriage return</a> (CR). Escape sequences, by contrast, consist of one or more <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape characters</a> which change the interpretation of subsequent characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ASCII_video_data_terminals">ASCII video data terminals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ASCII video data terminals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/VT52" title="VT52">VT52</a> terminal used simple <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digraph (computing)">digraph</a> commands like escape-A: in isolation, "A" simply meant the letter "A", but as part of the escape sequence "escape-A", it had a different meaning. The VT52 also supported parameters: it was not a straightforward control language encoded as substitution. </p><p>The later <a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a> terminal implemented the more sophisticated <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequences" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequences">ANSI escape sequences</a> standard (now ECMA-48) for functions such as controlling cursor movement, character set, and display enhancements. The Hewlett Packard <a href="/wiki/HP_2640" title="HP 2640">HP 2640</a> series had perhaps the most elaborate escape sequences for block and character modes, programming keys and their soft labels, graphics vectors, and even saving data to tape or disk files. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_DOS_and_Windows">Use in DOS and Windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use in DOS and Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A utility, <a href="/wiki/ANSI.SYS" title="ANSI.SYS">ANSI.SYS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be used to enable the interpreting of the ANSI (ECMA-48) terminal escape sequences under <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> (by using <code>$e</code> in the <a href="/wiki/PROMPT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PROMPT (DOS command)">PROMPT</a> command) or in command windows in 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>. The rise of <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> applications, which directly write to display cards, has greatly reduced the usage of escape sequences on Microsoft platforms, but they can still be used to create interactive random-access character-based screen interfaces with the character-based library routines such as <a href="/wiki/Printf" title="Printf">printf</a> without resorting to a GUI program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_Linux_and_Unix_displays">Use in Linux and Unix displays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Use in Linux and Unix displays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The default text terminal, and text windows (such as using <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a>) respond to ANSI escape sequences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quoting_escape">Quoting escape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quoting escape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When an <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape character</a> is needed within the quoted/escaped string, there are two strategies used within programming and scripting languages: </p> <ul><li>doubled delimiter (e.g. <code>'He didn''t do it.'</code>)<sup id="cite_ref-IEY_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEY-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>secondary escape sequence</li></ul> <p>An example of the latter is in the use of the caret (<code>^</code>). E.g. this outputs "You can do so via Cut&Paste" in <a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">CMD</a>. (otherwise, the ampersand has a restricted use)<sup id="cite_ref-CMD.a_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMD.a-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>echo You can do so via Cut^&Paste </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_detail">In detail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In detail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/String_literal#Escape_sequences" title="String literal">String literal § Escape sequences</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequences_in_C" title="Escape sequences in C">Escape sequences in C</a></div> <p>A common use of escape sequences is in fact to remove control characters found in a binary data stream so that they will not cause their control function by mistake. In this case, the control character is replaced by a defined "escape character" (which need not be the US-ASCII escape character) and one or more other characters; after exiting the context where the control character would have caused an action, the sequence is recognized and replaced by the removed character.<sup id="cite_ref-CMD.a_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMD.a-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To transmit the "escape character" itself, two copies are sent.<sup id="cite_ref-IEY_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEY-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> and command line interfaces escape sequences are used in <a href="/wiki/Character_literal" title="Character literal">character literals</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_literal" title="String literal">string literals</a>, to express characters which are not printable or clash with the syntax of characters or strings. For example, <a href="/wiki/Control_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Control characters">control characters</a> themselves might not be allowed to be placed in the program coded by the editor program, or may have undesirable side-effects if typed into a command. The end-of-quote character is also a problem for programmers that can be solved by escaping it. In most contexts the escape character is the <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> ("<b>\</b>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samples">Samples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Samples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For example, the single quotation mark character might be expressed as <code>'\''</code> since writing <code>'''</code> is not acceptable. </p><p>Many modern programming languages specify the doublequote character (<code>"</code>) as a <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a> for a string literal. The backslash escape character typically provides ways to include doublequotes inside a string literal, such as by modifying the meaning of the doublequote character embedded in the string (<code>\"</code>), or by modifying the meaning of a sequence of characters including the hexadecimal value of a doublequote character (<code>\x22</code>). Both sequences encode a literal doublequote (<code>"</code>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> 2 </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Nancy said "</span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="s">" to the crowd."</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <p>produces a syntax error, whereas: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Nancy said \"Hello World!\" to the crowd."</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### example of \"</span> </pre></div> <p>produces the intended output. Another alternative: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Nancy said \x22Hello World!\x22 to the crowd."</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### example of \x22</span> </pre></div> <p>uses "\x" to indicate the following two characters are hexadecimal digits, "22" being the ASCII value for a doublequote in hexadecimal. </p><p><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a> all allow exactly the same two backslash escape styles. The <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> language and Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a> also use backslash escapes. The <a href="/wiki/Quoted-printable" title="Quoted-printable">quoted-printable</a> encoding uses the <a href="/wiki/Equals_sign" title="Equals sign">equals sign</a> as an escape character. </p><p><a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> and <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URI</a> use <a href="/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding">percent-encoding</a> to quote characters with a special meaning, as for non-ASCII characters. </p><p>Another similar (and partially overlapping) syntactic trick is <a href="/wiki/Stropping_(syntax)" title="Stropping (syntax)">stropping</a>. </p><p>Some programming languages also provide other ways to represent special characters in literals, without requiring an escape character (see e.g. <a href="/wiki/Delimiter_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="Delimiter collision">delimiter collision</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">Escape character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_format_string" class="mw-redirect" title="Printf format string">printf format string</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_(Common_Lisp)" title="Format (Common Lisp)">format control string</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spss-tutorials.com/escape-sequence">"Escape Sequence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Escape+Sequence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spss-tutorials.com%2Fescape-sequence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/characters.html">"Characters"</a>. <i>The Java Tutorials</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Java+Tutorials&rft.atitle=Characters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fjavase%2Ftutorial%2Fjava%2Fdata%2Fcharacters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h21280bw.aspx">"Escape Sequences"</a>. 3 August 2021. <q>Character combinations consisting of a backslash <code>\</code> followed by a letter or by a combination of digits are called <i>escape sequences</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Escape+Sequences&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fh21280bw.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n1570.pdf#page=29">"ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft N1570"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <q>5.1.1.2 Translation phases, 2.: Each instance of a backslash character (<code>\</code>) immediately followed by a new-line character is deleted, splicing physical source lines to form logical source lines. [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+9899%3A201x+Committee+Draft+N1570&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn1570.pdf%23page%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.3.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r3.cbclx01/escape.htm">"Escape sequences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Escape+sequences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2FSSLTBW_2.3.0%2Fcom.ibm.zos.v2r3.cbclx01%2Fescape.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hayes_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perle.com/support_services/documentation_pdfs/5500158.pdf">"Chapter 5 – AT Commands"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+5+%E2%80%93+AT+Commands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perle.com%2Fsupport_services%2Fdocumentation_pdfs%2F5500158.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CISCO-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CISCO_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/access/2600/software/notes/analogat.html">"AT Command Set and Register Summary for Analog Modem Modules"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AT+Command+Set+and+Register+Summary+for+Analog+Modem+Modules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisco.com%2Fc%2Fen%2Fus%2Ftd%2Fdocs%2Frouters%2Faccess%2F2600%2Fsoftware%2Fnotes%2Fanalogat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Data_General_Terminals-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Data_General_Terminals_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.invisible-island.net/shuford/terminal/data_general_news.txt">"Data General terminals: discussion of"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+General+terminals%3A+discussion+of&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.invisible-island.net%2Fshuford%2Fterminal%2Fdata_general_news.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kermit-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kermit_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kermitproject.org/terminals.html">"What's a Terminal?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+a+Terminal%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kermitproject.org%2Fterminals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DG210-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DG210_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilgraeve.com/knowledge_base/dg210-dg211-emulation">"Data General DG210 DG211 Terminal Emulation Software"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+General+DG210+DG211+Terminal+Emulation+Software&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilgraeve.com%2Fknowledge_base%2Fdg210-dg211-emulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dict-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dict_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www6.dict.cc/wp_examples.php?lp_id=1%26lang=en%26s=escape%2520sequence">"Escape sequence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Escape+sequence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww6.dict.cc%2Fwp_examples.php%3Flp_id%3D1%2526lang%3Den%2526s%3Descape%252520sequence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terminal_Handbook-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Terminal_Handbook_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vt100.net/docs/tp83/glossary.html">"Terminals & Printers Handbook Glossary"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PCworld&rft.atitle=Five+Unexpected+Uses+for+the+Esc+Key&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F174661%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist_2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Economist_2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/06/09/what-is-ascii">"What is ASCII? The Economist explains"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 2013-06-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=What+is+ASCII%3F+The+Economist+explains&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2013%2F06%2F09%2Fwhat-is-ascii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baudot-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baudot_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rabbit.eng.miami.edu/info/baudot.html">"Baudot and CCITT code"</a>. <q>The Baudot code, invented in 1870 and patented in 1874 by J. Baudot is […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baudot+and+CCITT+code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frabbit.eng.miami.edu%2Finfo%2Fbaudot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TC304-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TC304_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/CEN/TC304/guidecharactersets/Annexa.doc">"Guide to the use of Character Sets in Europe"</a>. <q>elements C0 and C1 of control characters […] a 5-bit code patented by Jean-Maurice-Emile Baudot (1845-1903) in 1874</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+use+of+Character+Sets+in+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FCEN%2FTC304%2Fguidecharactersets%2FAnnexa.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modem_2011-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Modem_2011_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modemhelp.net/basicatcommand.shtml">"Basic Hayes AT Command Set"</a>. 2011-02-05. <q>+++ - "Escape Sequence" - This command initiates an escape sequence to return the modem to the on-line command mode</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Hayes+AT+Command+Set&rft.date=2011-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modemhelp.net%2Fbasicatcommand.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modem_Programming-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Modem_Programming_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.activexperts.com/serial-port-component/tutorials/modem">"Modem Programming Basics"</a>. <q>When a modem is in command mode, the modem can accept commands from you</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modem+Programming+Basics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.activexperts.com%2Fserial-port-component%2Ftutorials%2Fmodem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/special-edition-using/0789725738/ch17.html"><i>17. Understanding ANSI.SYS - Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=17.+Understanding+ANSI.SYS+-+Special+Edition+Using+MS-DOS+6.22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Flibrary%2Fview%2Fspecial-edition-using%2F0789725738%2Fch17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEY-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEY_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEY_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/805-4939/z40007438613/index.html">"Apostrophe Editing ('aaa') (FORTRAN 77 Language Reference)"</a>. <q>Within the field, two consecutive apostrophes […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apostrophe+Editing+%28%27aaa%27%29+%28FORTRAN+77+Language+Reference%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fcd%2FE19957-01%2F805-4939%2Fz40007438613%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMD.a-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CMD.a_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMD.a_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723564.aspx">"The Windows NT Command Shell"</a>. 20 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Windows+NT+Command+Shell&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fcc723564.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEscape+sequence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&oldid=1257855534">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escape_sequence&oldid=1257855534</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Control_characters" title="Category:Control characters">Control characters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2019" title="Category:Use American English from March 2019">Use American English from March 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 23:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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