CINXE.COM
FEDD
<!DOCTYPE html> <html prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="de"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>FEDD </title> <meta name="keywords" content="" /><meta name="description" content="" /> <meta property="og:title" content="FEDD "> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.shh.mpg.de/2288630/fedd"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.shh.mpg.de/assets/og-logo-281c44f14f2114ed3fe50e666618ff96341055a2f8ce31aa0fd70471a30ca9ed.jpg"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#fff" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/assets/touch-icon-70x70-16c94b19254f9bb0c9f8e8747559f16c0a37fd015be1b4a30d7d1b03ed51f755.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/assets/touch-icon-150x150-3b1e0a32c3b2d24a1f1f18502efcb8f9e198bf2fc47e73c627d581ffae537142.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/assets/touch-icon-310x150-067a0b4236ec2cdc70297273ab6bf1fc2dcf6cc556a62eab064bbfa4f5256461.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/assets/touch-icon-310x310-d33ffcdc109f9ad965a6892ec61d444da69646747bd88a4ce7fe3d3204c3bf0b.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/touch-icon-180x180-a3e396f9294afe6618861344bef35fc0075f9631fe80702eb259befcd682a42c.png" sizes="180x180"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/touch-icon-32x32-143e3880a2e335e870552727a7f643a88be592ac74a53067012b5c0528002367.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-8d2872cf0efbd26ce09519f2ebe27fb09f148125cf65964890cc98562e8d7aa3.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script>var ROOT_PATH = '/';var LANGUAGE = 'de';var PATH_TO_CMS = 'https://hs.iedit.mpg.de';var INSTANCE_NAME = 'hs';</script> <style media="screen" id="critical-css"> @font-face{font-family:'Merriweather';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-66beb0431fbb61e4ea920ec62d1167d155c2debbbc0d5b760ae4eb2b43ba4e06.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-66beb0431fbb61e4ea920ec62d1167d155c2debbbc0d5b760ae4eb2b43ba4e06.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-0e44ebbb6e4641907c3b906f09c35fc59e1ff8432dfeb718a450914dfafaac9a.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-3dc2f1d91d2ec19b945030a600c4403d69fed76f8ed8b3892ea416098e7265c1.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-c093c8d68c6d812f4c2a1e6679c1a8d27ea21545ac9a3616e250f1be68869238.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_latin-regular-4bf7dafac6ae725cfc671d36c7176c4e015417ebde856a0e06b4c09e1b45a57d.svg#Merriweather) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Merriweather Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Merriweather Sans"),local("MerriweatherSans-Regular"),url(/assets/MerriweatherSans-Regular-d2efd4d9fe6ff129962f92dda627c4337b65ee6b3fb7da84709b805e15db6d81.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Merriweather Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Merriweather Sans"),local("MerriweatherSans-Regular"),url(/assets/MerriweatherSans-Regular-d2efd4d9fe6ff129962f92dda627c4337b65ee6b3fb7da84709b805e15db6d81.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Merriweather Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Merriweather Sans"),local("MerriweatherSans-Regular"),url(/assets/MerriweatherSans-Regular-d2efd4d9fe6ff129962f92dda627c4337b65ee6b3fb7da84709b805e15db6d81.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Merriweather Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local("Merriweather Sans Light"),local("MerriweatherSans-Light"),url(/assets/MerriweatherSans-Light-55861f721a7f90c7d40be3ed28aa945ad6bacd23ee524ab93d5243b8de669a2d.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Merriweather Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Merriweather Sans Bold"),local("MerriweatherSans-Bold"),url(/assets/MerriweatherSans-Bold-055f396e6f9a1fa9f7d627432ce1d7c5f532fa7853c287c57457d959897139b0.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Josefin Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Josefin Sans Bold"),local("JosefinSans-Bold"),url(/assets/JosefinSans-Bold-4c4040241f19417ddd84e38603d0e08c743e69d43dbdff491ff4ca0daeffa802.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-435d7096bf6da56f8b4bfddec6c1f566dffea19d7f24bd14d4525ba898657679.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-435d7096bf6da56f8b4bfddec6c1f566dffea19d7f24bd14d4525ba898657679.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-78e391b02f442de38b10eec6b951be4eb10fc6723d0d12e09a668fd58cc4ed75.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-5ca91c5114555a52b8b36228d5c3954418a1d3c5539bb95574b844792b0ca220.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-16640b3fa7f58d40b5f616d6a3097e2875d533829c29df260b7cdec4d7be58f4.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300-53e32a84e92e043af3f9dce3d50e57ce1efe62ad101aa89660774b70a53b463a.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-ec376bb16f9e65b7dda0297a2d3ed6649076f0b3709562bc31334e14876f5854.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-ec376bb16f9e65b7dda0297a2d3ed6649076f0b3709562bc31334e14876f5854.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-0c71e7705498d4779fb5076a292f2106aec088d9d7e3c067bb5751e282a7ca88.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-8df128092002db6ad32a11d2158d261b939e5dd8715308700fe1a02a3228105d.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-822519363f3161064f90021e8979a85add692867f16444cd555ef51d4b9dc95c.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-300italic-3cd097f009c3f57de9ba85f9cbe59cf19d0892d4027351806d91c7d27213d615.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-ca97335987b26814c9a1128525e1c36748c4b59bbd0a6ac198cca1b3e1f19a47.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-ca97335987b26814c9a1128525e1c36748c4b59bbd0a6ac198cca1b3e1f19a47.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-e53c6e6f12e654511a31cef074d7890d31ff144d80c7f0c4c276bea9a91839f0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-b1f39721c99437d4c8949a9330d548bb9d6cdbf80cd88d5fd543549fe3173b8c.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-9bcffbc3ad7737fe8e39c4f45c4e2152b2dc84638d87508a0be916e286ff3928.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-regular-3bea3afe6e3078ec3b0e56cd80ad97b059bb335af794ba57b5845ff44b77bcd3.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-f69fdfd6d1d0a4c842222ce093cc5660ebdce260a8f10ca6bda4f09ba9bfedea.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-f69fdfd6d1d0a4c842222ce093cc5660ebdce260a8f10ca6bda4f09ba9bfedea.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-97c5e50bb04419b691386360609236c0a1aa949105684d7db8fedc3c35cc3c91.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-13660f8926f257e5c63f6a5a723b3ae8aecd340258ee40868152eb9a9939a7d3.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-abde90d734b17b439edc49f2b27c8d6d10a4a0a0f295d5c1535cb3c0a0e2bd8d.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-italic-5965290041d32ef9c7b1166269586ead7e989d55414ed66db27d177004eae3fc.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-6aa4356d93abb4f7c5a59bd0e05f1bbc25ffd273459e65966ddecaa80f8be19f.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-6aa4356d93abb4f7c5a59bd0e05f1bbc25ffd273459e65966ddecaa80f8be19f.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-8d2872cf0efbd26ce09519f2ebe27fb09f148125cf65964890cc98562e8d7aa3.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-95d57dc45afb9c82a1fa417d4620c87c9d293487719630ac1b021f7e653a6891.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-254e8be2b6cb8096f59e2d9e60c984801055371a3bea2999531a0cf9dfc393db.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700-2da189152a7f131b78c66343dbed734e1f1b31b679ee8ed97b9deb048080da06.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-9ee9aef483ed383ce18582ef3b55f7b2d91278b07a77b9a6ea4e72c322cdc616.eot);src:local(""),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-9ee9aef483ed383ce18582ef3b55f7b2d91278b07a77b9a6ea4e72c322cdc616.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-00c1eaa7cafeb781b619ef7abbecf978ce3fb7be6b870b7cf1f29b947a2e45b4.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-9cc3be355c151b807974482ce327ad855f8856e78b15a9dea8aec36295804e78.woff) format("woff"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-9590be4b5d91eb81a948a84ddfb370005c69b546b49d2a6b70bee30b3090ae81.ttf) format("truetype"),url(/assets/roboto-v20-latin-ext_latin_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic-700italic-63b1f75d9ff9eb92f7273a44a8677db95969553ad6d82141f71b3c25d729bd49.svg#Roboto) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Open Sans"),local("OpenSans-Regular"),url(/assets/OpenSans-Regular-f20d5ed577a1ddc48fd428b61d9538ef88d6ddcc1ccd8565a2cf7e9f03bd4cc7.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Open Sans Bold"),local("OpenSans-Bold"),url(/assets/OpenSans-Bold-5ccf0a4d12a5fb44a9831d93841cee9c1188d900987a2b83d5884ee240d7ab46.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;src:local("Open Sans Semi Bold"),local("OpenSans-SemiBold"),url(/assets/OpenSans-SemiBold-b3185de4446e67a69ed55fd1337466f660afc5f7eb161137865d21ae69778df1.ttf)}@font-face{font-family:'mpg_iconsregular';src:url(/assets/mpg_icons-webfont-0b8e4bd6ecdc12aad710d8d9d882d0e05fa5580824d8d5cee65048d70be5a133.eot);src:url(/assets/mpg_icons-webfont-fbcdd2a22910ced3dda265405bb43de9eb1be44ace22869d590c9b0069ac84cf.woff) format("woff");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}.mpg-icon::after,.twitter_icon::after,.phone_icon::after,.email_icon::after,.external::after,.mpg-icon::before,.twitter_icon::before,.phone_icon::before,.email_icon::before,.external::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon-english::after{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/uk-581d9beff5f105fe0fc75e5630500da6edb38324921da716d39b49aab9d16d37.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;content:"";display:block;height:1em;width:2em}.mpg-icon-logo::before{content:"\F000" !important}.mpg-icon-up1::before{content:"\F001" !important}.mpg-icon-right1::before,.external::before{content:"\F002" !important}.mpg-icon-down1::before{content:"\F003" !important}.mpg-icon-left1::before{content:"\F004" !important}.mpg-icon-up2::before{content:"\F005" !important}.mpg-icon-right2::before{content:"\F006" !important}.mpg-icon-down2::after{content:"\F007" !important}.mpg-icon-left2::before{content:"\F008" !important}.mpg-icon-clipboard::before{content:"\F009" !important}.mpg-icon-pdf::before{content:"\F032" !important}.mpg-icon-event::before{content:"\F00a" !important}.mpg-icon-attention::before{content:"\F00b" !important}.mpg-icon-fax::before{content:"\F00c" !important}.mpg-icon-page::before{content:"\F00d" !important}.mpg-icon-filter::before{content:"\F00e" !important}.mpg-icon-lab::before{content:"\F00f" !important}.mpg-icon-interests::before,.mpg-icon-research_interests::before{content:"\F010" !important}.mpg-icon-question::before{content:"\F011" !important}.mpg-icon-home::before{content:"\F012" !important}.mpg-icon-search::after{content:"\F013" !important;font-size:2em;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon-email::before,.email_icon::before{content:"\F014" !important}.mpg-icon-video::before{content:"\F015" !important}.mpg-icon-play2::before{content:"\F016" !important}.mpg-icon-hierarchy::before{content:"\F017" !important}.mpg-icon-news::before{content:"\F018" !important}.mpg-icon-phone::before,.phone_icon::before{content:"\F019" !important}.mpg-icon-pin::before{content:"\F01a" !important}.mpg-icon-listen2::before{content:"\F01b" !important}.mpg-icon-presentation::before{content:"\F01c" !important}.mpg-icon-medal::before,.mpg-icon-research_medals::before{content:"\F01d" !important}.mpg-icon-book::before{content:"\F01e" !important}.mpg-icon-share::before{content:"\F01f" !important}.mpg-icon-sign::before{content:"\F020" !important}.mpg-icon-podcast::before,.mpg-icon-sound::before{content:"\F021" !important}.mpg-icon-tag::before{content:"\F022" !important}.mpg-icon-imprs::before{content:"\F023" !important}.mpg-icon-person::before{content:"\F024" !important}.mpg-icon-persons::before{content:"\F025" !important}.mpg-icon-vcard::before{content:"\F026" !important}.mpg-icon-facebook::after{content:"\F027" !important}.mpg-icon-linkedin::after{content:"\F028" !important}.mpg-icon-feed::after{content:"\F029" !important}.mpg-icon-twitter::before,.twitter_icon::before{content:"\F02a" !important}.mpg-icon-youtube::after{content:"\F02b" !important}.mpg-icon-drag-hor::before{content:"\F02c" !important}.mpg-icon-drag-ver::before{content:"\F02d" !important}.mpg-icon-image::before{content:"\F02e" !important}.mpg-icon-list::before{content:"\F02f" !important}.mpg-icon-at::before{content:"\F02f" !important}.mpg-icon-file-doc::before{content:"\F031" !important}.mpg-icon-file-pdf::before{content:"\F032" !important}.mpg-icon-file-ppt::before{content:"\F033" !important}.mpg-icon-file-zip::before{content:"\F034" !important}.mpg-icon-left3::before{content:"\F035" !important}.mpg-icon-right3::before{content:"\F036" !important}.mpg-icon-play::before{content:"\F037" !important}.mpg-icon-listen::before{content:"\F038" !important}.external:not(.more):not(.twitter_icon)::before{display:inline-block;font-size:.9em;margin-left:.1em;margin-right:.25em;transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0, -0.15em)}.link_title.external:not(.more):not(.twitter_icon)::before{font-size:2em;margin-right:.1em;transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0, -0.3em)}.email_icon::before{font-size:1.4em;display:inline-block}.phone_icon::before{font-size:1.4em;display:inline-block}.twitter_icon::before{font-size:1.4em;color:#1DA1F2;margin-right:3px;display:inline-block}.open_access_icon::after{vertical-align:text-top;display:inline-block;width:1.5ch;content:" ";height:1.2em;background:no-repeat right 25%/auto 80% url(/assets/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white-a436fe520f67d515e6e55d715d61592a87803ff4468597bf3ec5e83c1690b4a1.svg)}.mpg-icon::after,.external::after,.email_icon::after,.phone_icon::after,.twitter_icon::after,.mpg-icon::before,.external::before,.email_icon::before,.phone_icon::before,.twitter_icon::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon::after,.email_icon::after,.phone_icon::after,.twitter_icon::after,ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::after,.external::after,.mpg-icon::before,.email_icon::before,.phone_icon::before,.twitter_icon::before,ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::before,.external::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon::after,.external::after,.email_icon::after,.phone_icon::after,.twitter_icon::after,ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::after,.mpg-icon::before,.external::before,.email_icon::before,.phone_icon::before,.twitter_icon::before,ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon-logo::before{content:"" !important}.external::before{content:"" !important}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::before{content:"" !important}.mpg-icon-down2::after{content:"" !important}.mpg-icon-fax::before{content:"" !important}.mpg-icon-search::after{content:"" !important;font-size:2em;vertical-align:middle}.mpg-icon-email::before,.email_icon::before{content:"" !important}.mpg-icon-news::before{content:"" !important}.mpg-icon-phone::before,.phone_icon::before{content:"" !important}.external:not(.more):not(.twitter_icon)::before{display:inline-block;font-size:.9em;margin-left:.1em;margin-right:.25em;transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0, -0.15em)}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,header,main,nav{display:block}article,aside,figcaption,figure,footer,header,main,nav{display:block}article,aside,footer,header,nav{display:block}article,aside,footer,header,main,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}img{border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 40px}button,input{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}button{-webkit-appearance:button}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}input{line-height:normal}input[type="checkbox"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;box-sizing:content-box}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}th{padding:0}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px}body{font-family:"Roboto","Tahoma",Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:#333333;background-color:#fff}input,button{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}a{color:#006c66;text-decoration:none}figure{margin:0}img{vertical-align:middle}.img-responsive{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1,h2,h4,.h3{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1,h2,.h3{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1,h2,h3,.h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1,h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h2{margin-top:27px;margin-bottom:13.5px}h1,h2,.h3{margin-top:27px;margin-bottom:13.5px}h1,h2,h3{margin-top:27px;margin-bottom:13.5px}h1,h2{margin-top:27px;margin-bottom:13.5px}h4{margin-top:13.5px;margin-bottom:13.5px}.h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{margin-top:13.5px;margin-bottom:13.5px}h1{font-size:34px}h2{font-size:22px}.h3{font-size:19px}h3{font-size:19px}h4{font-size:16px}.h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{font-size:16px}p{margin:0 0 13.5px}.text-center{text-align:center}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:13.5px}ul,ol{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:13.5px}ul ul{margin-bottom:0}.container:before,.container:after{display:table;content:" "}.row:before,.row:after{display:table;content:" "}.nav:before,.nav:after{display:table;content:" "}.navbar:before,.navbar:after{display:table;content:" "}.navbar-header:before,.navbar-header:after{display:table;content:" "}.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-collapse:after{display:table;content:" "}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{display:table;content:" "}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after{display:table;content:" "}.container:after{clear:both}.row:after{clear:both}.nav:after{clear:both}.navbar:after{clear:both}.navbar-header:after{clear:both}.navbar-collapse:after{clear:both}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.container-fluid:after{clear:both}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width: 992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.container-fluid{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.container:before,.container:after{display:table;content:" "}.container:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width: 992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.container-fluid{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after{display:table;content:" "}.container-fluid:after{clear:both}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.row:before,.row:after{display:table;content:" "}.row:after{clear:both}.row-no-gutters{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.row-no-gutters [class*="col-"]{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.col-xs-1,.col-sm-1,.col-md-1,.col-lg-1,.col-xs-2,.col-sm-2,.col-md-2,.col-lg-2,.col-xs-3,.col-sm-3,.col-md-3,.col-lg-3,.col-xs-4,.col-sm-4,.col-md-4,.col-lg-4,.col-xs-5,.col-sm-5,.col-md-5,.col-lg-5,.col-xs-6,.col-sm-6,.col-md-6,.col-lg-6,.col-xs-7,.col-sm-7,.col-md-7,.col-lg-7,.col-xs-8,.col-sm-8,.col-md-8,.col-lg-8,.col-xs-9,.col-sm-9,.col-md-9,.col-lg-9,.col-xs-10,.col-sm-10,.col-md-10,.col-lg-10,.col-xs-11,.col-sm-11,.col-md-11,.col-lg-11,.col-xs-12,.col-sm-12,.col-md-12,.col-lg-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col-xs-1,.col-xs-2,.col-xs-3,.col-xs-4,.col-xs-5,.col-xs-6,.col-xs-7,.col-xs-8,.col-xs-9,.col-xs-10,.col-xs-11,.col-xs-12{float:left}.col-xs-1{width:8.3333333333%}.col-xs-2{width:16.6666666667%}.col-xs-3{width:25%}.col-xs-4{width:33.3333333333%}.col-xs-5{width:41.6666666667%}.col-xs-6{width:50%}.col-xs-7{width:58.3333333333%}.col-xs-8{width:66.6666666667%}.col-xs-9{width:75%}.col-xs-10{width:83.3333333333%}.col-xs-11{width:91.6666666667%}.col-xs-12{width:100%}.col-xs-pull-0{right:auto}.col-xs-pull-1{right:8.3333333333%}.col-xs-pull-2{right:16.6666666667%}.col-xs-pull-3{right:25%}.col-xs-pull-4{right:33.3333333333%}.col-xs-pull-5{right:41.6666666667%}.col-xs-pull-6{right:50%}.col-xs-pull-7{right:58.3333333333%}.col-xs-pull-8{right:66.6666666667%}.col-xs-pull-9{right:75%}.col-xs-pull-10{right:83.3333333333%}.col-xs-pull-11{right:91.6666666667%}.col-xs-pull-12{right:100%}.col-xs-push-0{left:auto}.col-xs-push-1{left:8.3333333333%}.col-xs-push-2{left:16.6666666667%}.col-xs-push-3{left:25%}.col-xs-push-4{left:33.3333333333%}.col-xs-push-5{left:41.6666666667%}.col-xs-push-6{left:50%}.col-xs-push-7{left:58.3333333333%}.col-xs-push-8{left:66.6666666667%}.col-xs-push-9{left:75%}.col-xs-push-10{left:83.3333333333%}.col-xs-push-11{left:91.6666666667%}.col-xs-push-12{left:100%}.col-xs-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-xs-offset-1{margin-left:8.3333333333%}.col-xs-offset-2{margin-left:16.6666666667%}.col-xs-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-xs-offset-4{margin-left:33.3333333333%}.col-xs-offset-5{margin-left:41.6666666667%}.col-xs-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-xs-offset-7{margin-left:58.3333333333%}.col-xs-offset-8{margin-left:66.6666666667%}.col-xs-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-xs-offset-10{margin-left:83.3333333333%}.col-xs-offset-11{margin-left:91.6666666667%}.col-xs-offset-12{margin-left:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12{float:left}.col-sm-1{width:8.3333333333%}.col-sm-2{width:16.6666666667%}.col-sm-3{width:25%}.col-sm-4{width:33.3333333333%}.col-sm-5{width:41.6666666667%}.col-sm-6{width:50%}.col-sm-7{width:58.3333333333%}.col-sm-8{width:66.6666666667%}.col-sm-9{width:75%}.col-sm-10{width:83.3333333333%}.col-sm-11{width:91.6666666667%}.col-sm-12{width:100%}.col-sm-pull-0{right:auto}.col-sm-pull-1{right:8.3333333333%}.col-sm-pull-2{right:16.6666666667%}.col-sm-pull-3{right:25%}.col-sm-pull-4{right:33.3333333333%}.col-sm-pull-5{right:41.6666666667%}.col-sm-pull-6{right:50%}.col-sm-pull-7{right:58.3333333333%}.col-sm-pull-8{right:66.6666666667%}.col-sm-pull-9{right:75%}.col-sm-pull-10{right:83.3333333333%}.col-sm-pull-11{right:91.6666666667%}.col-sm-pull-12{right:100%}.col-sm-push-0{left:auto}.col-sm-push-1{left:8.3333333333%}.col-sm-push-2{left:16.6666666667%}.col-sm-push-3{left:25%}.col-sm-push-4{left:33.3333333333%}.col-sm-push-5{left:41.6666666667%}.col-sm-push-6{left:50%}.col-sm-push-7{left:58.3333333333%}.col-sm-push-8{left:66.6666666667%}.col-sm-push-9{left:75%}.col-sm-push-10{left:83.3333333333%}.col-sm-push-11{left:91.6666666667%}.col-sm-push-12{left:100%}.col-sm-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-sm-offset-1{margin-left:8.3333333333%}.col-sm-offset-2{margin-left:16.6666666667%}.col-sm-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-sm-offset-4{margin-left:33.3333333333%}.col-sm-offset-5{margin-left:41.6666666667%}.col-sm-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-sm-offset-7{margin-left:58.3333333333%}.col-sm-offset-8{margin-left:66.6666666667%}.col-sm-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-sm-offset-10{margin-left:83.3333333333%}.col-sm-offset-11{margin-left:91.6666666667%}.col-sm-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}@media (min-width: 992px){.col-md-1,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12{float:left}.col-md-1{width:8.3333333333%}.col-md-2{width:16.6666666667%}.col-md-3{width:25%}.col-md-4{width:33.3333333333%}.col-md-5{width:41.6666666667%}.col-md-6{width:50%}.col-md-7{width:58.3333333333%}.col-md-8{width:66.6666666667%}.col-md-9{width:75%}.col-md-10{width:83.3333333333%}.col-md-11{width:91.6666666667%}.col-md-12{width:100%}.col-md-pull-0{right:auto}.col-md-pull-1{right:8.3333333333%}.col-md-pull-2{right:16.6666666667%}.col-md-pull-3{right:25%}.col-md-pull-4{right:33.3333333333%}.col-md-pull-5{right:41.6666666667%}.col-md-pull-6{right:50%}.col-md-pull-7{right:58.3333333333%}.col-md-pull-8{right:66.6666666667%}.col-md-pull-9{right:75%}.col-md-pull-10{right:83.3333333333%}.col-md-pull-11{right:91.6666666667%}.col-md-pull-12{right:100%}.col-md-push-0{left:auto}.col-md-push-1{left:8.3333333333%}.col-md-push-2{left:16.6666666667%}.col-md-push-3{left:25%}.col-md-push-4{left:33.3333333333%}.col-md-push-5{left:41.6666666667%}.col-md-push-6{left:50%}.col-md-push-7{left:58.3333333333%}.col-md-push-8{left:66.6666666667%}.col-md-push-9{left:75%}.col-md-push-10{left:83.3333333333%}.col-md-push-11{left:91.6666666667%}.col-md-push-12{left:100%}.col-md-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-md-offset-1{margin-left:8.3333333333%}.col-md-offset-2{margin-left:16.6666666667%}.col-md-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-md-offset-4{margin-left:33.3333333333%}.col-md-offset-5{margin-left:41.6666666667%}.col-md-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-md-offset-7{margin-left:58.3333333333%}.col-md-offset-8{margin-left:66.6666666667%}.col-md-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-md-offset-10{margin-left:83.3333333333%}.col-md-offset-11{margin-left:91.6666666667%}.col-md-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.col-lg-1,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12{float:left}.col-lg-1{width:8.3333333333%}.col-lg-2{width:16.6666666667%}.col-lg-3{width:25%}.col-lg-4{width:33.3333333333%}.col-lg-5{width:41.6666666667%}.col-lg-6{width:50%}.col-lg-7{width:58.3333333333%}.col-lg-8{width:66.6666666667%}.col-lg-9{width:75%}.col-lg-10{width:83.3333333333%}.col-lg-11{width:91.6666666667%}.col-lg-12{width:100%}.col-lg-pull-0{right:auto}.col-lg-pull-1{right:8.3333333333%}.col-lg-pull-2{right:16.6666666667%}.col-lg-pull-3{right:25%}.col-lg-pull-4{right:33.3333333333%}.col-lg-pull-5{right:41.6666666667%}.col-lg-pull-6{right:50%}.col-lg-pull-7{right:58.3333333333%}.col-lg-pull-8{right:66.6666666667%}.col-lg-pull-9{right:75%}.col-lg-pull-10{right:83.3333333333%}.col-lg-pull-11{right:91.6666666667%}.col-lg-pull-12{right:100%}.col-lg-push-0{left:auto}.col-lg-push-1{left:8.3333333333%}.col-lg-push-2{left:16.6666666667%}.col-lg-push-3{left:25%}.col-lg-push-4{left:33.3333333333%}.col-lg-push-5{left:41.6666666667%}.col-lg-push-6{left:50%}.col-lg-push-7{left:58.3333333333%}.col-lg-push-8{left:66.6666666667%}.col-lg-push-9{left:75%}.col-lg-push-10{left:83.3333333333%}.col-lg-push-11{left:91.6666666667%}.col-lg-push-12{left:100%}.col-lg-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-lg-offset-1{margin-left:8.3333333333%}.col-lg-offset-2{margin-left:16.6666666667%}.col-lg-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-lg-offset-4{margin-left:33.3333333333%}.col-lg-offset-5{margin-left:41.6666666667%}.col-lg-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-lg-offset-7{margin-left:58.3333333333%}.col-lg-offset-8{margin-left:66.6666666667%}.col-lg-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-lg-offset-10{margin-left:83.3333333333%}.col-lg-offset-11{margin-left:91.6666666667%}.col-lg-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}table{background-color:transparent}th{text-align:left}label{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:700}input[type="search"]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}input[type="checkbox"]{margin:4px 0 0;margin-top:1px \9;line-height:normal}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;height:41px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:#555555;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:0;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.075)}.form-control::-ms-expand{background-color:transparent;border:0}.form-group{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 768px){.navbar-form .form-group{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle}.navbar-form .form-control{display:inline-block;width:auto;vertical-align:middle}}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#999;opacity:1}.form-control:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#999}.form-control::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999}.btn{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;touch-action:manipulation;background-image:none;border:1px solid transparent;padding:6px 12px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;border-radius:0}.btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#fff;border-color:#ccc}.btn-primary{color:#fff;background-color:#006c66;border-color:#00534e}.collapse{display:none}.dropdown{position:relative}.dropdown-menu{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;z-index:1000;display:none;float:left;min-width:160px;padding:5px 0;margin:2px 0 0;font-size:16px;text-align:left;list-style:none;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ccc;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.15);border-radius:0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 6px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.175);box-shadow:0 6px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.175)}.nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:27px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar{border-radius:0}}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-header{float:left}}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;overflow-x:visible;border-top:1px solid transparent;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.1);-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-collapse{width:auto;border-top:0;box-shadow:none}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:block !important;height:auto !important;padding-bottom:0;overflow:visible !important}}.container>.navbar-header{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width: 992px){.container>.navbar-header{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}.navbar-brand{float:left;height:50px;padding:11.5px 15px;font-size:20px;line-height:27px}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar>.container .navbar-brand{margin-left:-15px}}.navbar-toggle{position:relative;float:right;padding:9px 10px;margin-right:15px;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:0}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-toggle{display:none}}.navbar-nav{margin:5.75px -15px}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-nav{float:left;margin:0}.navbar-nav>li{float:left}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:11.5px;padding-bottom:11.5px}}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;line-height:27px}.navbar-form{padding:10px 15px;margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px;border-top:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.1),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.1),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.1);margin-top:4.5px;margin-bottom:4.5px}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-form{width:auto;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-right:0;margin-left:0;border:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}}@media (max-width: 991px){.navbar-form .form-group{margin-bottom:5px}.navbar-form .form-group:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}.navbar-nav>li>.dropdown-menu{margin-top:0;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}@media (min-width: 992px){.navbar-left{float:left !important}.navbar-right{float:right !important;margin-right:-15px}}.navbar-default{background-color:#f8f8f8;border-color:#e7e7e7}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{color:#263238}.navbar-default .navbar-toggle{border-color:#ddd}.navbar-default .navbar-collapse,.navbar-default .navbar-form{border-color:#e7e7e7}.breadcrumb{padding:8px 15px;margin-bottom:27px;list-style:none;background-color:#f5f5f5;border-radius:0}.breadcrumb>li{display:inline-block}.breadcrumb>li+li:before{padding:0 5px;color:#ccc;content:"/ "}.breadcrumb>.active{color:#455a64}.pull-left{float:left !important}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}.visible-xs{display:none !important}.visible-sm{display:none !important}.visible-md{display:none !important}.visible-lg{display:none !important}.visible-xs-block,.visible-xs-inline,.visible-xs-inline-block,.visible-sm-block,.visible-sm-inline,.visible-sm-inline-block,.visible-md-block,.visible-md-inline,.visible-md-inline-block,.visible-lg-block,.visible-lg-inline,.visible-lg-inline-block{display:none !important}@media (max-width: 767px){.visible-xs{display:block !important}table.visible-xs{display:table !important}tr.visible-xs{display:table-row !important}th.visible-xs,td.visible-xs{display:table-cell !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.visible-xs-block{display:block !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.visible-xs-inline{display:inline !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.visible-xs-inline-block{display:inline-block !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.visible-sm{display:block !important}table.visible-sm{display:table !important}tr.visible-sm{display:table-row !important}th.visible-sm,td.visible-sm{display:table-cell !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.visible-sm-block{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.visible-sm-inline{display:inline !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.visible-sm-inline-block{display:inline-block !important}}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.visible-md{display:block !important}table.visible-md{display:table !important}tr.visible-md{display:table-row !important}th.visible-md,td.visible-md{display:table-cell !important}}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.visible-md-block{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.visible-md-inline{display:inline !important}}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.visible-md-inline-block{display:inline-block !important}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.visible-lg{display:block !important}table.visible-lg{display:table !important}tr.visible-lg{display:table-row !important}th.visible-lg,td.visible-lg{display:table-cell !important}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.visible-lg-block{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.visible-lg-inline{display:inline !important}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.visible-lg-inline-block{display:inline-block !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.hidden-xs{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.hidden-sm{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.hidden-md{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.hidden-lg{display:none !important}}.visible-print{display:none !important}@media print{.visible-print{display:block !important}table.visible-print{display:table !important}tr.visible-print{display:table-row !important}th.visible-print,td.visible-print{display:table-cell !important}}.visible-print-block{display:none !important}@media print{.visible-print-block{display:block !important}}.visible-print-inline{display:none !important}@media print{.visible-print-inline{display:inline !important}}.visible-print-inline-block{display:none !important}@media print{.visible-print-inline-block{display:inline-block !important}}@media print{.hidden-print{display:none !important}}.visible-print-block{display:none !important}.slick-slider{-ms-touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-touch-callout:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;position:relative;touch-action:pan-y;visibility:hidden}.slick-initialized{visibility:visible}.slick-list{display:block;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative}.slick-slider .slick-track,.slick-slider .slick-list{-moz-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-o-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0)}.slick-track{display:block;left:0;position:relative;top:0}.slick-track::before,.slick-track::after{content:"";display:table}.slick-track::after{clear:both}.slick-slide{display:none;float:right;height:100%;min-height:1px}.slick-slide img{display:block}.slick-initialized .slick-slide{display:block}.slick-pause-section{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:-20px;height:20px;visibility:visible;text-align:center}.slick-pause-button{border:none;background:none;color:#006c66}#related-articles-container .slick-pause-section{bottom:0}@media (min-width: 768px){#related-articles-container .slick-pause-section{display:none}}header.navbar{background-color:#eeeeee;border:0;border-radius:0;margin:0}header.navbar .container{padding:0}header.navbar .navbar-header{position:relative}header.navbar .navbar-header svg rect{fill:#006c66;transition:transform 0.5s}header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-square-f232279c21f2b99c6eef21059e9521e3ddcfe8f893608fdfb223dee6007b3e75.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;font-size:72px;height:140px;position:relative;width:140px;z-index:10}header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand::before{color:#fff;font-size:82px;left:.15em;position:relative;width:80px;height:80px}header.navbar button.navbar-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] svg rect.burgerline-1{transform:rotate(45deg) translateY(10px)}header.navbar button.navbar-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] svg rect.burgerline-2{transform:rotate(45deg)}header.navbar button.navbar-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] svg rect.burgerline-3{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateY(-10px)}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper,header.navbar .lang-search{margin-left:0;width:auto}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse,header.navbar .lang-search>.navbar-collapse{margin-top:40px;position:relative}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-form,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-form{margin:0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-form .btn,header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-form .form-control,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-form .btn,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-form .form-control{background-color:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;color:rgba(0,108,102,0.5)}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-form .btn,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-form .btn{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-form .btn i::after,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-form .btn i::after{color:#006c66}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper #nav-main,header.navbar .lang-search #nav-main{margin-bottom:5px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta{position:absolute;right:15px;z-index:10;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6, auto)}@media (min-width: 1260px){header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta.pwa-visible,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta.pwa-visible{right:-14px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .external-backlink,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .external-backlink{padding-right:30px}}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .external-backlink,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .external-backlink{order:10;grid-column:1 / -1}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a{color:#263238;font-size:14px;padding:.1em .5em}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a.backlink,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a.backlink{padding:20px 0 0 0;color:black;text-transform:none;font-size:15px;font-family:"Merriweather", serif;text-align:right}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a.backlink::before,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta>li>a.backlink::before{font-weight:bold;transform:translate(0, -1px) rotate(-45deg) translate(0, -0.15em)}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field{padding-left:5px;padding-right:0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field .form-group,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field .form-group{background-color:#fff}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input{color:#546E7A !important;font-size:14px;height:auto;line-height:normal;padding:5px;width:95px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input::placeholder,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input::placeholder{color:#546E7A !important}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field .btn,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field .btn{font-size:14px;min-width:0;padding:0 6px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav>li>a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav>li>a{background-color:transparent;padding:10px 7px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:nth-child(2) .navbar-nav>li>a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:nth-child(2) .navbar-nav>li>a{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text{margin-top:0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text a{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;display:block;height:28px;width:620px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.de a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.de a{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-font-de-8ece67723e59ab56c231bce938bb5fe16e0aa48688d6ff9e845165288d1d8170.svg)}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.en a,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.en a{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-font-en-8ece67723e59ab56c231bce938bb5fe16e0aa48688d6ff9e845165288d1d8170.svg)}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse:first-child::after,header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse:first-child::after{clear:right}header.navbar .navbar-collapse.in{overflow-y:visible}@media (max-width: 1199px){.navbar-text a{height:23px !important;width:600px !important}header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .language-switcher-links{order:3;grid-column:1 / -1}header.navbar .lang-search .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .external-backlink{padding:0}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.navbar-text a{height:18px !important;width:550px !important}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field:hover .form-group{background-color:#fff;position:relative}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field:hover input[type="search"]{background-color:inherit;display:inline-block;left:-95px;position:absolute}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field .form-group{background-color:transparent}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input[type="search"]{display:none}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav.navbar-meta .search-field input[type="search"]+.btn{min-height:28px}}@media (max-width: 992px -1){.navbar-text{margin:3px 10px 9px !important}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper{margin-bottom:.1rem}header.navbar .navbar-header{position:absolute}}@media (max-width: 991px){.container>.navbar-header,.container>.navbar-collapse,.container-fluid>.navbar-header,.container-fluid>.navbar-collapse{margin:0}header.navbar .navbar-header{position:relative}header.navbar .navbar-header>a.navbar-brand{height:80px;padding-left:19px;padding-top:10px;position:absolute;width:115px;z-index:100}header.navbar .navbar-header>a.navbar-brand::before{font-size:60px;left:0;width:60px;height:60px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse{display:block;float:left;margin-left:11rem;margin-top:1.5rem;padding:0;width:45rem}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text a{display:block;height:35px !important;width:auto !important}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.de a{background-position:0 5px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.en a{background-position:0 5px}}@media (max-width: 767px){header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse{width:16rem}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.de a{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-font-mobile-de-6d43154fd4846481763508c43a7a7dc27ded6a04898fe623aa16413c6147de52.svg);background-position:0 0}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper>.navbar-collapse:first-child .navbar-text.en a{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-font-mobile-en-6d43154fd4846481763508c43a7a7dc27ded6a04898fe623aa16413c6147de52.svg);background-position:0 0}}#depsvg .deptext,#depsvg-xs .deptext{fill:#006c66}body.mpg header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-combined-exp-f99cfa8482bb1d0b50c6b40c9b8b21dbf1650fcf0662860a61ec8ab59793f3de.svg);background-size:auto 111px;width:722px}@media (max-width: 1199px){body.mpg header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-combined-exp-md-f456a68f8d7d9e8bbb08e08600c3f5d605666948cefe42a0bf2e3b15cec9f8d9.svg)}}@media (max-width: 991px){body.mpg header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-combined-exp-sm-72b70dea54530ac260ae3ff1fba87316509c4a218618f23a4a4ad604aac3e7c4.svg);background-size:auto 80px;width:660px}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.mpg header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/logo-combined-exp-xs-68083717c6b62f8ba3e710429e713c9d550e88ef8299762a4076cc6ad30cc997.svg);background-size:auto 80px;width:calc(100vw - 55px)}}.mobile-search-pwa-container{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap}.mobile-search-container{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;margin-right:6px}.mobile-search-pwa-container .pwa-settings-button{width:15%;height:24px;margin:45px 0px 0px -16px;padding:0 0.7rem;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center}@media (min-width: 992px){.mobile-search-pwa-container .pwa-settings-button{display:none}}.btn{border-width:0;border-radius:0;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.btn.btn-default{box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)}.btn.btn-primary{box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(255,255,255,0.15)}.teaser{position:relative}.teaser::before{clear:both;content:"";display:block;float:none}.teaser .img-box img{min-width:100%}.img-box{display:block;position:relative}.teaser-extension{border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 10px}.teaser-extension:last-child{border:0}.teaser-extension .img-box{display:block;position:relative}@media (max-width: 991px){.teaser .img-box img{margin-bottom:1rem}aside .teaser.teaser-extension .img-box{width:50%}}@media (max-width: 767px){.teaser .img-box img{margin-bottom:1rem}aside .teaser.teaser-extension .img-box{width:50%}}@media (max-width: 767px){article .content{padding:2em 0}}@media (max-width: 767px){.footer-wrap footer.footer.trngl-footer{margin-top:0}.footer-wrap footer.footer.trngl-footer::before{display:none}}ol.breadcrumb{background-color:transparent;list-style:none;margin:-30px 0 0 0;padding:1.5em 0 1em 0}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item:not(:first-child)::before{color:#006c66;font-size:1.4em;padding-left:4px;vertical-align:middle}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item{float:left;font-size:12px}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item>a{color:#333333;font-weight:400}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item>span{color:#006c66;font-weight:400}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){ol.breadcrumb{margin:10px 0 0 0;padding:1em 0}ol.breadcrumb li{display:none}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(1){display:inline}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(2){display:inline}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){ol.breadcrumb{margin:10px 0 0 0;padding:1em 0}ol.breadcrumb li{display:none}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(1){display:inline}}@media (max-width: 767px){ol.breadcrumb{margin:-10px 0 0 0;padding:1em 0}ol.breadcrumb li:first-child{margin:0 0 0 7.5px}ol.breadcrumb li{display:none}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(2){display:inline}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(2)::before{display:none}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(1){display:inline}}@media (max-width: 767px){ol.breadcrumb{margin:-10px 0 0 0;padding:1em 0}ol.breadcrumb li:first-child{margin:0 0 0 7.5px}ol.breadcrumb li{display:none}ol.breadcrumb li:nth-last-of-type(1){display:inline}}nav .breadcrumb{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left}ol.breadcrumb>li.breadcrumb-item{float:none}.footer-wrap{background-color:#fff;overflow-x:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}footer.footer ul{line-height:0}footer.footer .btn{margin-bottom:1em;width:100%;font-size:12px;background-color:#005555}footer.footer .container{position:relative}footer.footer.trngl-footer{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:6em;position:relative}footer.footer.trngl-footer svg{position:absolute;width:100%;height:4em;top:-4em}footer.footer.trngl-footer svg .footer-triangle{fill:#006c66}footer.footer.trngl-footer::before{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/triangle-footer-b9cbb3ed53ca8b49800555bf69812fe417053560a75f1bf9a9fa2e7202718c00.png);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% 100%;content:"";height:4em;left:0;position:absolute;top:-4em;width:100%;display:none}footer.footer .to-top-dummy{display:block;position:absolute;right:1em;top:-9rem;width:8rem;height:31px}footer.footer .to-top{background-image:url(/assets/responsive/arrow-to-top-basis-mask-4174a50ea9c4086fe639891ae5ff138f2a2805812745530636f9b7991fbeb732.svg);background-color:#263238;background-position:2px center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:30px;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:17px;line-height:26px;padding:.5rem 1rem;position:absolute;right:1em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:right;top:-9rem;width:84px;height:34px;border-radius:0px;overflow:hidden}footer.footer .to-top::before{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;content:" ";opacity:1;background-image:url(/assets/responsive/arrow-to-top-transform-mask-9ea6e312fdefdee8b17c2c3ab5ebc6d74e752d27facdb50f8b45b56f9bbefa52.svg);background-position:2px center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:30px}footer.footer .to-top.as-button{border-radius:15px;width:30px;height:30px;padding:3.9px 0px 0px 3.9px;line-height:22.5px;position:fixed;top:unset;bottom:1em;left:calc(50% + 585px);background-position:0px center;color:transparent !important}@media (max-width: 1259px){footer.footer .to-top.as-button{left:unset;right:10px;bottom:10px;z-index:1000}}footer.footer .to-top.as-button::before{opacity:0;background-position:0px center}footer.footer .columns-quicklinks-container{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap}footer.footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}@media (max-width: 991px){footer.footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 17px 0}}@media (max-width: 767px){footer.footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}footer.footer .quicklinks li:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}footer.footer .quicklinks li:last-of-type a{margin-bottom:0}footer.footer ul.quicklinks{display:block}footer.footer ul.quicklinks li{display:block;margin-bottom:1em;width:100%}footer.footer .to-top,footer.footer .to-top-dummy{top:-3rem}}@media (max-width: 767px){.h3{margin-top:5px}.h3 .mpg-icon,.h3 .external,.h3 .email_icon,.h3 .phone_icon,.h3 .twitter_icon{display:inline-block !important}footer.footer .to-top{top:-3rem}}@media (max-width: 767px){footer.footer .to-top{top:-3rem}}@media (min-width: 992px){.copyright p{float:right}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){.footer ul.quicklinks{margin-top:20px}div.mpg-icon.mpg-icon-logo,div.mpg-icon-logo.external,div.mpg-icon-logo.email_icon,div.mpg-icon-logo.phone_icon,div.mpg-icon-logo.twitter_icon,.copyright-sign{float:none;display:inline}.copyright-text{float:none;display:inline}}.institute-subfooter{color:white}.institute-subfooter a{color:white}.institute-subfooter .space-between{display:flex;flex-flow:row;justify-content:space-between}@media (max-width: 991px){.institute-subfooter .space-between{flex-flow:column;justify-content:flex-start}}.institute-subfooter .space-between::after,.institute-subfooter .space-between::before{display:none}.institute-subfooter .logo,.institute-subfooter .copyright,.institute-subfooter .links ul{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center}@media (max-width: 991px){.institute-subfooter .logo,.institute-subfooter .copyright,.institute-subfooter .links ul{justify-content:center;flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center;margin:10px 0}}.institute-subfooter .logo,.institute-subfooter .copyright{flex:0 0 auto}.institute-subfooter .copyright p{margin:0}.institute-subfooter .links{flex:0 1 auto;margin:0 50px;display:flex;align-items:center}@media (max-width: 991px){.institute-subfooter .links{margin:10px 0}}.institute-subfooter .links ul{list-style:none;padding:0;justify-content:space-evenly;margin:0}.institute-subfooter .logo .mpg-icon-logo::before{font-size:3em;margin-right:0.5em}.institute-subfooter .copyright .copyright-sign{margin-right:1ch}figure.image-extension{clear:both;display:block;margin-bottom:1.5em;position:relative;z-index:9}figure.image-extension.pull-left{width:40%}figure.image-extension.pull-left{margin:0 1em 1em 0}figure.image-extension img{min-width:100%}figure.image-extension figcaption.figure-caption{background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:14px;padding:1em}figure.image-extension p{margin-bottom:0}@media (max-width: 767px){article figure.top-image{margin:0 -15px}figure.image-extension{float:none !important;margin:1em 0}}@media (max-width: 767px){figure.image-extension{float:none !important;margin:1em 0}figure.image-extension.pull-left{margin:1em 0;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 991px){aside figure.image-extension{width:50%}}#main_nav{margin:-10px 15px 15px -15px;width:100%}#main_nav>li>a.main-navi-item{display:inline-block;z-index:10000}.mega-dropdown{position:static !important}.mega-dropdown .main-navi-item{padding-left:15px !important;padding-right:15px !important;border-right:3px solid #006c66;line-height:15px}.mega-dropdown:last-child .main-navi-item{border:none}.mega-dropdown>a{font-size:18px;font-weight:400}.dropdown-toggle span:not(.arrow-dock){display:inline-block;transform:rotate(0deg)}.dropdown-toggle span:not(.arrow-dock)::after{font-size:1.5em;vertical-align:middle}.navbar{margin-bottom:0}.navbar-default{background-color:transparent;border:0}.navbar-nav>li>.dropdown-menu{border-radius:0;margin-top:7px;left:15px}.mega-dropdown-menu{background-clip:border-box;border:1px solid #eeeeee;padding:20px 10px;width:100%;z-index:2000}.dropdown-title ul li{line-height:1.5em;max-height:100px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.mega-dropdown-menu>li ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mega-dropdown-menu>li ul>li{list-style:none}.mega-dropdown-menu>li ul>li>ul{list-style:none;padding:0}.mega-dropdown-menu>li ul>li>a{clear:both;color:#006c66;display:block;padding:.35em .7em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:normal;font-weight:400}li.dropdown-title ul li{word-wrap:break-word}li.dropdown-title ul li a{color:#263238;font-weight:400;padding:.15em .7em;text-transform:none}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper .navbar-collapse .navbar-nav>li>a.main-navi-item+.dropdown-toggle{text-align:center}@media (min-width: 992px){.dropdown.mega-dropdown>.main-navi-item span.arrow-dock::before{border-bottom:20px solid #fff;border-left:30px solid transparent;border-right:30px solid transparent;content:"";left:50%;margin-left:-30px;position:absolute;top:24px;z-index:10000}.dropdown.mega-dropdown>.main-navi-item span.arrow-dock::after{border-bottom:20px solid #eeeeee;border-left:30px solid transparent;border-right:30px solid transparent;content:"";left:50%;margin-left:-30px;position:absolute;top:23px;z-index:9000}#main_nav>li.dropdown.mega-dropdown>.dropdown-toggle:not(.main-navi-item){display:inline-block;float:right;height:24px;padding-left:0;vertical-align:middle}form.navbar-form.mobile.search-field{margin-left:7.6em;padding:5px 30px 15px;width:74.5%}.navbar{min-height:3em}.navbar-form .form-group{width:100%}.dropdown .arrow-dock,.dropdown .dropdown-menu{display:block;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@media (min-width: 992px){form.navbar-form.mobile.search-field{margin-left:7.6em;padding:5px 30px 15px;width:74.5%}.navbar{min-height:3em}.navbar-form .form-group{width:100%}}@media (max-width: 991px){.nav.navbar-nav a{font-size:16px}.nav.navbar-nav{background-color:#eeeeee;float:none;z-index:11}header.navbar.hero{background-color:#eeeeee;border-radius:0;z-index:11;min-height:62.5px}ul#main_nav.nav.navbar-nav{margin:0;padding:0}ul#main_nav.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.mega-dropdown{border-bottom:0.1rem #e2e2e2 solid;overflow:hidden}ul#main_nav.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.mega-dropdown .mega-dropdown-menu{border:0}ul#main_nav.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.mega-dropdown:first-child{border-top:0.1rem #e2e2e2 solid}.mega-dropdown-menu::before{display:none}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper{margin-left:0}#main_nav>li>ul{padding:0}#main_nav>li>ul>li{padding:0}#main_nav>li>ul>li ul>li>a{padding:.7em 1em 0}#main_nav>li>ul>li ul>li>ul>li>a{padding:.35em 1em}.navbar-nav>li>.dropdown-menu{box-shadow:none;margin:0;position:static}#main_nav>li>a.main-navi-item{display:block;float:left;padding:.5em 1em;width:85%}#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle{display:inline-block;float:left;padding:.7rem;width:15%}#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle .mpg-icon,#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle .external,#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle .email_icon,#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle .phone_icon,#main_nav>li>.dropdown-toggle .twitter_icon{background:#fff;border-radius:50%;line-height:0.5em !important}.remove-padding>.navbar-header{float:left}.navbar .navbar-default .navbar-header{height:100%;right:0;width:100%}.navbar-default .navbar-toggle{background:transparent;border:0;display:inline-block;height:4rem;margin-right:0.4em;margin-top:0;position:relative;top:15px;width:4rem;z-index:30}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field{background-color:#eeeeee;border:0;margin:0;padding:2em 1em 1em}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group{display:block}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group input{background-color:#fff;border:0;display:block;float:left;font-size:1.3em;padding-bottom:25px;padding-top:25px;width:100%}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group button{border:0;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:3em;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:15px;text-decoration:none}.mega-dropdown{position:relative !important}.mega-dropdown .main-navi-item{border:none;line-height:inherit}}@media (max-width: 991px){.nav.navbar-nav a{font-size:16px}.nav.navbar-nav{background-color:#eeeeee;float:none;z-index:11}header.navbar.hero{background-color:#eeeeee;border-radius:0;z-index:11;min-height:62.5px}header.navbar .navbar-title-wrapper{margin-left:0}.remove-padding>.navbar-header{float:left}.navbar .navbar-default .navbar-header{height:100%;right:0;width:100%}.navbar-default .navbar-toggle{background:transparent;border:0;display:inline-block;height:4rem;margin-right:0.4em;margin-top:0;position:relative;top:15px;width:4rem;z-index:30}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field{background-color:#eeeeee;border:0;margin:0;padding:2em 1em 1em}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group{display:block}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group input{background-color:#fff;border:0;display:block;float:left;font-size:1.3em;padding-bottom:25px;padding-top:25px;width:100%}.navbar-form.mobile.search-field>.form-group button{border:0;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:3em;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:15px;text-decoration:none}}@media (min-width: 992px){li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix[data-positioning="1"]{position:relative !important}li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix[data-positioning="1"]>ul.col-xs-12.dropdown-menu.mega-dropdown-menu.row{left:50%;right:unset;transform:translateX(-50%);width:450px}li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix[data-positioning="1"]>ul.col-xs-12.dropdown-menu.mega-dropdown-menu.row li.menu-column{width:100%}li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix[data-positioning="1"][data-attach="left"]{position:static !important}li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix[data-positioning="1"][data-attach="left"]>ul.col-xs-12.dropdown-menu.mega-dropdown-menu.row{left:15px;right:unset;transform:none;width:450px}}.extension-image-zoom{position:absolute;width:0;height:0}.extension-image-zoom .slick-outer{position:fixed;background-color:rgba(73,73,73,0.95);bottom:-500px;top:-500px;left:0;right:0;z-index:20000}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick{position:fixed;bottom:0;top:0;left:0;right:0;color:white}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick .slick-slide{height:100vh;width:100vw;overflow-y:auto;float:left}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick .scrollable-center{display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;min-height:100vh}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick .image-hold{text-align:center}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick .text-hold{caption-side:bottom;padding:0 10px;margin-bottom:20px}.extension-image-zoom .fullscreen-slick .center-hold{display:block;width:min-content}.extension-image-zoom .pseudo-hide{visibility:hidden}.extension-image-zoom .pseudo-hide *{visibility:hidden}.extension-image-zoom .slick-grid-close-icon{position:absolute;top:calc(1em + 500px);right:1em;z-index:20001;width:32px;height:32px;text-align:center}.extension-image-zoom .slick-grid-close-icon::before{color:white;font-family:"Roboto",sans-serif;font-size:2em;display:inline-block;z-index:20001;content:"x";width:32px;height:32px;text-align:center}.extension-image-zoom .slick-grid-close-icon span.label{color:white}.mpg-image-frame-relative{position:relative}.mpg-image-frame-relative .expand_icon{position:absolute;bottom:0px;right:5px;color:white}@media (max-width: 991px){.mpg-image-frame-relative .expand_icon{bottom:5px}.mpg-image-frame-relative .expand_icon::after{opacity:1.0}}.mpg-image-frame-relative .expand_icon::after{content:"+";font-family:Arial;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:12.5px;border:1px solid white;font-size:25px;line-height:23px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);display:inline-block;text-align:center;opacity:0}.social-media-buttons{margin:5px 0}.social-media-buttons .social-button{width:30px;height:30px;float:left;margin-right:30px}.social-media-buttons::after{display:block;clear:both;content:" "}.social-media-buttons .email{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/mail_icon-cd5ef78dea3c633b3a140542dcba98de0f98f35af3ea9c4f50d03ee83554b619.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/mail_icon-cd5ef78dea3c633b3a140542dcba98de0f98f35af3ea9c4f50d03ee83554b619.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .print{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/print_icon-e20be91a28afdb11c689b0e905e7953a761fefc5ce73c3c9143625ebd8c969a6.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/print_icon-e20be91a28afdb11c689b0e905e7953a761fefc5ce73c3c9143625ebd8c969a6.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .facebook{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/facebook_icon-8e6af28b312420700ace1a35744243bb83f3b20672334df115dfe07418735dc7.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/facebook_icon-8e6af28b312420700ace1a35744243bb83f3b20672334df115dfe07418735dc7.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .twitter{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/twitter_icon-8df5d2ccf0ce72d0b6f15a995cc61934d75e6a5ab02017a72ce6b043084ac936.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/twitter_icon-8df5d2ccf0ce72d0b6f15a995cc61934d75e6a5ab02017a72ce6b043084ac936.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .whatsapp{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/whatsapp_icon-20794722579dcd4b2d7e31444d838b50d5520f4a257fd97318dc94c5d76e6a1e.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/whatsapp_icon-20794722579dcd4b2d7e31444d838b50d5520f4a257fd97318dc94c5d76e6a1e.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .linkedin{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/linkedin_icon-dbf3c489fb5e96451b912c7e9fdec70c54dfecfcd944227e6d6ee98a1c4ae26e.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/linkedin_icon-dbf3c489fb5e96451b912c7e9fdec70c54dfecfcd944227e6d6ee98a1c4ae26e.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .reddit{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/reddit_icon-d24cff8279d75867df2d5efb77afa4820d26fd3a57782e7b07ab5750c5c698d4.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/reddit_icon-d24cff8279d75867df2d5efb77afa4820d26fd3a57782e7b07ab5750c5c698d4.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}.social-media-buttons .xing{background-color:#455a64;mask:url(/assets/responsive/xing_icon-627fdd6d344fd019e7a49fb4fe165cffc6bc3d0aba2b3ef16d0e24f813fa751d.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px;-webkit-mask:url(/assets/responsive/xing_icon-627fdd6d344fd019e7a49fb4fe165cffc6bc3d0aba2b3ef16d0e24f813fa751d.svg) no-repeat center center/28px 28px}@media (min-width: 1260px){.social-media-buttons{width:41px;position:fixed;right:0;left:calc(50% + 585px);top:224px}.social-media-buttons .social-button{margin-bottom:15px}}@media (max-width: 767px){.social-media-buttons{margin-bottom:0}.social-media-buttons .social-button{margin-bottom:5px;margin-right:11px}}.multi-slider{margin-bottom:15px}.multi-slider .slick-slide{float:left;margin:0 15px}.multi-slider.container{padding:0 0 15px 0}.multi-slider .big-slider{width:100%;overflow:visible;margin-left:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.multi-slider .slide{width:100%;background-color:#eeeeee;display:block;float:left;position:relative;color:#49494b}.multi-slider .slide .image{font-size:12px;text-align:center;width:66%;background-color:white;overflow:hidden}.multi-slider .slide .image.solo{width:100%}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect{padding-top:56%;position:relative;display:block}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect{padding-top:86.5%}}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect.image-only{padding-top:42.8571428571%}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .img{position:absolute;width:100%;top:0;left:0}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc{position:relative;top:-50px;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc .text-box{padding:25px}@media (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc .text-box h2{font-size:17px}}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc-container{clear:both;position:relative;width:100%}.multi-slider .slide.gray{background-color:#eeeeee}.multi-slider .slide.gray .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#eeeeee}.multi-slider .slide.gray path{fill:#eeeeee}.slide.bottom .image{float:none;width:100%}.slide.bottom{background-color:transparent !important}@media (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .shown-slides-1 .slide .text-box h2{font-size:22px}}@media (max-width: 767px){.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc{top:0}}@media (max-width: 991px){.multi-slider .slide .image{width:100%;float:none;position:static}}.pwa-settings-panel{position:fixed;display:none;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);z-index:70000}.pwa-settings-panel h2{-webkit-hyphens:manual;hyphens:manual}.settings-main{background:white;width:calc(100% - 30px);max-width:450px;margin:60px auto;padding:15px}.pwa-settings-button{width:28px;height:28px;margin:0 0 0 18px;border:none;display:block;border-radius:14px;background-color:#455a64;background-image:url(/assets/responsive/new-icon_pwa-notification-mask-e8329859e5388404caa4d59538f7557f6741da2747e575cc78ba66efdb671e70.svg)}.mobile-search-pwa-container .pwa-settings-button{background-image:none;background-color:transparent}.mobile-search-pwa-container .pwa-settings-button::before{content:" ";display:inline-block;height:28px;width:28px;border-radius:14px;background-color:#455a64;background-image:url(/assets/responsive/new-icon_pwa-notification-mask-e8329859e5388404caa4d59538f7557f6741da2747e575cc78ba66efdb671e70.svg)}.settings-main h2{margin-top:0}.pwa-settings-close{width:100%}.pwa-button-tray{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;gap:15px}.pwa-button-tray>button{flex:1 1 50%}.pwa-language-setting{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:flex-start}.pwa-language-setting input[type="checkbox"]{margin:4px 4px 0 0}.publication_link a{vertical-align:middle}.publication_link a i{margin-right:.25em}div.single_publication_sidebar{clear:both;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, max-content) auto;margin-bottom:15px}div.single_publication_sidebar .index{font-weight:400;color:#49494b;grid-column:1;min-width:20px}div.single_publication_sidebar .options{font-weight:500;grid-column:span 2}div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link{display:inline-block;margin-right:5px}div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link a .mpg-icon,div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link a .external,div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link a .email_icon,div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link a .phone_icon,div.single_publication_sidebar .options .publication_link a .twitter_icon{font-size:.9em;margin-left:.1em}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication{margin-bottom:5px;grid-column:2}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication .authors{font-weight:500;font-style:italic}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication .title{font-weight:700}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication .title,div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication .authors{color:#49494b}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication.mpgjahrbuch .authors{font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}div.single_publication_sidebar .one_publication.mpgjahrbuch .title{font-weight:300}.science_gallery_overview .science-gallery-image-filters #image-fulltext-filter{grid-area:text}.science_gallery_overview.black-theme .science-gallery-image-filters #image-fulltext-filter{grid-area:text}.science_gallery_overview .science-gallery-image-filters .image-topic-filter,.science_gallery_overview .science-gallery-image-filters .select2-container:nth-child(3){grid-area:topic}.science_gallery_overview.black-theme .science-gallery-image-filters .image-topic-filter,.science_gallery_overview.black-theme .science-gallery-image-filters .select2-container:nth-child(3){grid-area:topic}.science_gallery_overview .science-gallery-image-filters .image-year-filter,.science_gallery_overview .science-gallery-image-filters .select2-container:nth-child(5){grid-area:year}.science_gallery_overview.black-theme .science-gallery-image-filters .image-year-filter,.science_gallery_overview.black-theme .science-gallery-image-filters .select2-container:nth-child(5){grid-area:year}.teaser_prof{background-color:#eeeeee;margin:0 -15px}.teaser_prof>.row>div:last-of-type{margin-bottom:5px}.teaser_prof h2{margin-top:22px}.teaser_prof .image-box{padding:0;position:relative}.teaser_prof .image-box .img-responsive{width:100%}.text_prof{margin:0 -15px}.contact-extension{border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;margin-bottom:10px;padding:0 0 10px;font-weight:400}.contact-extension:last-child{border:0}.contact-extension .name{color:#263238;margin:0}.contact-extension .name span{color:#263238}.contact-extension .name-overflow-wrap{overflow-wrap:break-word}.contact-extension .title{font-size:.9em;margin:0}.contact-extension span:not(.employee_name):not(.position):not(.organization):not(.special_function){color:#006c66;display:block;margin:0;position:relative}.contact-extension span:not(.employee_name):not(.position):not(.organization):not(.special_function)::before{left:0;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle}.contact-extension span.email:not(.employee_name):not(.position):not(.organization):not(.special_function){overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.contact-extension span:not(.employee_name){font-size:inherit;font-weight:500}.contact-extension h4.name{margin-bottom:.5em}.contact-extension .text-box span.phone,.contact-extension .text-box span.email{margin:4px 0}aside.sidebar .contact-extension .title{margin:0}.responsive_column.white div.calendar_container{background-color:#eeeeee;margin-bottom:1.7rem}.calendar_container .clear{clear:both}.event_calendar .prev,.event_calendar .next,.event_calendar .month_year{float:left}.event_calendar .prev,.event_calendar .next{background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#006c66;padding:10px 9px}.event_calendar .prev .triangle,.event_calendar .next .triangle{width:0;height:0;border-style:solid}.event_calendar .prev{margin:20px 0 0 0;width:10%}.event_calendar .prev .triangle{border-width:5px 5px 5px 0;border-color:transparent #FFFFFF transparent transparent}.event_calendar .next{margin:20px 0 0 0;width:10%}.event_calendar .next .triangle{float:right;border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #FFFFFF}.event_calendar .month_year{width:80%;text-align:center;padding-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#006c66}.event_calendar .month_year:after{content:"";clear:both;display:inline-block}.event_calendar .month_year .month{width:100%;display:block;font-size:14px}.event_calendar .month_year .year{width:100%;display:block;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold}.event_calendar .calendar_table{float:left;width:100%;padding:0 4% 4%;border-spacing:2px;border-collapse:separate}.event_calendar .calendar_table th{text-align:center;color:#006c66;font-weight:normal}@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px){.event_calendar{clear:both}}@media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 991px){.event_calendar .calendar_table{font-size:14px}}.mb-1{margin-bottom:0.5rem !important}.py-0{padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important}body{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background-color:#fff;color:#000;font-weight:300;line-height:1.7}h2{color:#006c66;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin:15px 0 8px}h1,h2,.h3,h4{color:#006c66;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin:15px 0 8px}h1,h2,.h3{color:#006c66;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin:15px 0 8px}h1,h2,h3,.h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{color:#006c66;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin:15px 0 8px}h1,h2{color:#006c66;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin:15px 0 8px}h1{line-height:1.17647}.serif{font-family:"Merriweather", serif !important}h1+.subtitle{color:#006c66}.h3.subtitle{font-size:17px;line-height:1.421}@media (min-width: 992px){.h3.subtitle{font-size:21px;line-height:1.285714}}h1,.h3{color:#006c66;line-height:1.2em}h1,h3{color:#006c66;line-height:1.2em}h1{color:#006c66;line-height:1.2em}.green{color:#006c66}p{margin-bottom:1rem;letter-spacing:.01rem}.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter),.container{padding-bottom:calc(2em + 17px);padding-top:2em}.container-full-width.responsive_column:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter) .row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.container-full-width.responsive_column:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter) .row::before{width:0}footer.container-full-width.green.footer.trngl-footer{padding-bottom:17px}.container-full-width.white{background-color:#fff}.container-full-width.green{background-color:#006c66;color:#49494b}.container-full-width.green a{color:#006c66}.container-full-width.green .invert{color:#fff}.container-full-width.green .invert a{color:#fff}.container-full-width.darkgreen{background-color:#005555}.container-full-width .container{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0}.deferred-picture{min-height:1px;display:inline-block}form .form-control{border-radius:0}article{background-color:#fff}article h1{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:8px}article h3{clear:both}article h2{clear:both}article figure.top-image{margin:0;margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:1px}article figure.top-image img{width:100%}article .summary{font-family:"Roboto","Tahoma",Arial,sans-serif;font-size:inherit;font-weight:700;color:#555555;letter-spacing:0.02rem;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.4rem}article .date{margin-bottom:1rem}article .content{padding-bottom:3em}aside.sidebar{font-size:14px;margin-top:3rem;padding-right:0}aside.sidebar .h3{color:#263238;margin-bottom:20px}aside.sidebar h4{margin:0}.linklist{background-color:#fff;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-size:15px}.linklist ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.linklist ul li a{color:#455a64;display:block;padding:.5em 1em}.linklist>ul>li>a{border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee}.linklist>ul>li:last-child>a{border:0}.linklist{padding-top:25px}.linklist ul li a{background-color:#455a64;color:#fff;padding:10px}.linklist ul li a::before{font-size:1.5em;vertical-align:middle}.graybox_container{padding:0 0 1.5em 0;clear:both}.graybox_container .graybox{padding:0}.graybox_container .graybox li a{padding-left:30px}.graybox_container .graybox li a.external{position:relative}.graybox_container .graybox li a.external::before{position:absolute;top:21px;left:13px;transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0%, -50%)}.meta-information{color:#263238;display:block;font-size:.8em;position:relative;margin-bottom:0.3em}.meta-information .data{font-weight:700;padding:0}.meta-information .data span{color:#49494b;font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:.02em}.tags span{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:manual;-moz-hyphens:manual;-ms-hyphens:manual;-o-hyphens:manual;hyphens:manual;background-color:#455a64;border-radius:.2em;color:#fff;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:2em;padding:.2em .7em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:500}#go_to_live{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px #000;box-shadow:0 0 3px #000;display:none;background:#2d2d2d;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;overflow:hidden;padding:0 5px;position:fixed;right:10px;top:0;z-index:10001}#go_to_live.department-offset{top:30px}#go_to_live a{background:url(/assets/preview/hide_infobox-1b872184ae213d9da15e916eb3b8af68517e7a9f694af1a6cf4bfc9a43dd6bfe.png) no-repeat scroll right 2px top 3px #2d2d2d;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:11px;padding:3px 25px 3px 5px;text-decoration:none}label{color:#555;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}@media (max-width: 991px){h2{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;-o-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}h2{font-size:20px}}@media (max-width: 991px){h1,h2,.h3,h4{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;-o-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.35}h2{font-size:20px}.h3{font-size:17px}}@media (max-width: 991px){h1,h2,.h3{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;-o-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.35}h2{font-size:20px}.h3{font-size:17px}}@media (max-width: 991px){h1,h2,h3,.h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;-o-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.35}h2{font-size:20px}h3{font-size:17px}}@media (max-width: 991px){h1,h2{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;-o-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.35}h2{font-size:20px}}@media (max-width: 767px){h2{margin-top:0.85em}}@media (max-width: 991px){.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter):not(.footer){padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:20px}header.navbar{background-color:transparent}.language-switcher{font-size:1em;padding:2.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em}}@media (max-width: 991px){.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter):not(.footer){padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:20px}header.navbar{background-color:transparent}.sidebar-slider{-ms-transform:translate(0, 120%);-webkit-transform:translate(0, 120%);background-color:#eee;bottom:0;height:80%;left:0;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;right:0;top:20%;transform:translate(0, 120%);width:100%;z-index:1001}.sidebar-slider .side-nav-scroller{height:calc(100% - 46px);overflow-y:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;position:absolute;width:100%}article .content{padding:1em 0}.language-switcher{font-size:1em;padding:2.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em}.sidebar .linklist{margin-bottom:2rem}}@media (max-width: 991px){.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter):not(.footer){padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:20px}header.navbar{background-color:transparent}article figure.top-image{margin:0 -15px}.sidebar-slider{-ms-transform:translate(0, 120%);-webkit-transform:translate(0, 120%);background-color:#eee;bottom:0;height:80%;left:0;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;right:0;top:20%;transform:translate(0, 120%);width:100%;z-index:1001}.sidebar-slider .side-nav-scroller{height:calc(100% - 46px);overflow-y:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;position:absolute;width:100%}article .content{padding:1em 0}.language-switcher{font-size:1em;padding:2.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em}.sidebar .linklist{margin-bottom:2rem}}@media (max-width: 991px){.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter):not(.footer){padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:20px}.container-full-width.footer{padding-top:calc(2em + 2px)}header.navbar{background-color:transparent}.sidebar-slider{-ms-transform:translate(0, 120%);-webkit-transform:translate(0, 120%);background-color:#eee;bottom:0;height:80%;left:0;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;right:0;top:20%;transform:translate(0, 120%);width:100%;z-index:1001}.sidebar-slider .side-nav-scroller{height:calc(100% - 46px);overflow-y:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;position:absolute;width:100%}article .content{padding:1em 0}.language-switcher{font-size:1em;padding:2.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em}}@media (max-width: 767px){.xs-padding>div{padding:7.5px 30px}}@media (max-width: 991px) and (min-width: 768px){.content{margin:0 -15px}.container-full-width:not(.teaser-hero):not(.subfooter),.container{padding-bottom:calc(2em + 17px);padding-top:1em}}.print-footer{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;width:210mm;background-color:#006c66;color:white;padding:5px;z-index:70000}.print-footer .print-footer-button{text-decoration:underline;border-right:2px solid white;display:inline-block;padding:0 2ch;float:left}.print-footer .print-footer-button:last-of-type{border-right:none}.print-footer .print-footer-button a{color:white !important;padding:0}.print-footer .print-estimate-label{padding-top:0.25em;font-size:0.75em;float:right}.print-footer .print-estimate-label::after{width:0;height:0;border-top:0.375em solid transparent;border-left:10px solid white;border-bottom:0.375em solid transparent;content:" ";float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0 5px}:root{--primary-color: #006c66;--secondary-color: #006c66}.group-extension{margin-top:0}.group-extension+.group-extension{margin-top:25px !important}.group-extension .h3 .mpg-icon,.group-extension .h3 .external,.group-extension .h3 .email_icon,.group-extension .h3 .phone_icon,.group-extension .h3 .twitter_icon{display:none}footer.footer .quicklinks{margin:0 -5px}footer.footer .quicklinks li{float:left;padding:0 5px;width:50%}@media screen and (max-width: 767px){.group-extension{margin-top:10px !important}.group-extension .h3 .mpg-icon,.group-extension .h3 .external,.group-extension .h3 .email_icon,.group-extension .h3 .phone_icon,.group-extension .h3 .twitter_icon{display:inline-block !important}.wrapper-mobile{max-height:0;overflow:hidden}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px){footer.footer .quicklinks li{padding:0;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 767px){aside.sidebar{margin-top:0px}}.research_report .research_head_fields{margin-bottom:2em}.research_report .research_head_fields .gray{font-weight:bold}.research_report .research_head_fields .h4,.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{font-size:16px;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.35em}.research_report .research_head_fields .header-text{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding-bottom:1.5em;margin-bottom:1em}.research_report .research_head_fields h1{margin-bottom:0.75em}div#page_content a[href]:not(.slide):not(.btn){text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-style:dotted;text-decoration-line:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:-0.1em}div#page_content a.slide[href] h2{text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-style:dotted;text-decoration-line:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:-0.1em}.footer a[href]:not(.btn){text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-style:dotted;text-decoration-line:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:-0.1em}.institute-subfooter a[href],.footer a[href]:not(.btn){text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-style:dotted;text-decoration-line:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:-0.1em}body div#page_content .graybox_container .linklist.graybox ul li a[href],body div#page_content div.meta-information>div.tags>a[href],body div#page_content div.social-media-buttons a.social-button[href],body div#page_content a.more-link[href][href="#"],body div#page_content a.less-link[href][href="#"]{text-decoration-line:none}body div#page_content div.social-media-buttons a.social-button[href]{text-decoration-line:none}.mpg-icon::before,.external::before,.email_icon::before,.phone_icon::before,.twitter_icon::before{display:inline-block}.slick-slider{-khtml-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-touch-action:pan-y;-ms-user-select:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;position:relative;touch-action:pan-y;user-select:none;visibility:hidden}.slick-initialized{visibility:visible}.slick-list{display:block;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative}.slick-loading .slick-list{background:#fff url(/assets/responsive/loading-faca10340e79c7b5f03a73fa2aa64052bfe6c63dfde6a5f022097492d6b620ad.gif) center center no-repeat}.slick-list:focus{outline:none}.slick-list.dragging{cursor:pointer}.slick-slider .slick-track,.slick-slider .slick-list{-moz-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-o-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0)}.slick-track{display:block;left:0;position:relative;top:0}.slick-track::before,.slick-track::after{content:"";display:table}.slick-track::after{clear:both}.slick-loading .slick-track{visibility:hidden}.slick-slide{display:none;float:right;height:100%;min-height:1px}.box-color-slider .slick-slide,.pub-slider .slick-slide,.homepage-slider .slick-slide,#related-articles-container .slick-slide{float:left}.slick-slide img{display:block}.slick-slide.slick-loading img{display:none}.slick-slide.dragging img{pointer-events:none}.slick-initialized .slick-slide{display:block}.slick-loading .slick-slide{visibility:hidden}.slick-vertical .slick-slide{border:1px solid transparent;display:block;height:auto}.slick-arrow.slick-hidden{display:none}button.slick-prev,button.slick-next{min-width:31px}.slick-prev,.slick-next{background:transparent;border:0;color:transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-size:0;line-height:0;outline:none;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:30px;height:100%;text-align:center;overflow:hidden}.slick-prev:hover,.slick-prev:focus,.slick-next:hover,.slick-next:focus{background:transparent;color:transparent;outline:none}.slick-prev:hover::before,.slick-prev:focus::before,.slick-next:hover::before,.slick-next:focus::before{opacity:1}.slick-prev.slick-disabled::before,.slick-next.slick-disabled::before{opacity:0.25}.slick-prev::before,.slick-next::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#006c66;font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-size:70px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;display:block;width:0;position:absolute;left:-65%;top:50%}.homepage_slider.primary .slick-next::before,.homepage_slider.primary .slick-prev::before{color:white}.slick-prev{left:-25px}[dir="rtl"] .slick-prev{left:auto;right:-25px}.slick-prev::before{content:""}[dir="rtl"] .slick-prev::before{content:""}.slick-next{right:-25px}[dir="rtl"] .slick-next{left:-25px;right:auto}.slick-next::before{content:""}[dir="rtl"] .slick-next::before{content:""}.slick-pause-section{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:-20px;height:20px;visibility:visible;text-align:center}.slick-pause-button{border:none;background:none;color:#006c66}.slick-pause-button span.slick-pause-span{display:none}.yearbook .slick-prev{left:10px}.yearbook .slick-next{right:10px}.yearbook .slick-prev,.yearbook .slick-next{transition-duration:0.25s;transition-property:background-color;transition-timing-function:ease-in;z-index:10}.yearbook:hover .slick-prev,.yearbook:hover .slick-next{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.8)}.slick-dotted.slick-slider{margin-bottom:30px}.box-color-slider,.slick-slider-content,.pub-slider{margin-bottom:30px}.pub-slider img{width:100%}.slick-dots{bottom:-50px;display:block;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%}.slick-dots li{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:20px;margin:0 5px;padding:0;position:relative;width:20px}.slick-dots li button{background:transparent;border:0;color:transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-size:0;height:20px;line-height:0;outline:none;padding:5px;width:20px}.slick-dots li.slick-active button::before{color:#000;opacity:0.75}.slick-dots li button:hover,.slick-dots li button:focus{outline:none}.slick-dots li button:hover::before,.slick-dots li button:focus::before{opacity:1}.slick-dots li button::before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#000;content:"•";font-family:"mpg_iconsregular";font-size:40px;height:20px;left:0;line-height:10px;opacity:0.25;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0;width:20px}#related-articles-container{position:relative}#related-articles-container .slick-pause-section{bottom:0}@media (min-width: 768px){#related-articles-container .slick-pause-section{display:none}}.slick-slider.row{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px}@media (max-width: 1021px){.slick-slider-content,.box-color-slider,.pub-slider{margin-bottom:60px}}@media (min-width: 768px){.slick-dots li button::before{font-size:30px}}.multi-slider{margin-bottom:15px}.multi-slider .slick-slide{float:left;margin:0 15px}.multi-slider.container{padding:0 0 15px 0}.multi-slider .big-slider{width:100%;overflow:visible;margin-left:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-prev{left:15px;z-index:1;height:calc(100% - 86px);top:45px}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-prev::before{color:white;font-size:40px;left:-35%;top:calc(50% - 22.5px)}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-next{right:15px;z-index:1;height:calc(100% - 86px);top:45px}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-next::before{color:white;font-size:40px;left:0;top:calc(50% - 22.5px)}.multi-slider .big-slider.big-slider-standard .slick-prev{left:15px}.multi-slider .big-slider.big-slider-standard .slick-next{right:15px}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-dots{display:block;list-style:none;padding:0;text-align:center;width:100%;position:static;margin:1em 0 0;overflow:hidden}.multi-slider .big-slider .slick-dots li button::before{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide{width:100%;background-color:#eeeeee;display:block;float:left;position:relative;color:#49494b}.multi-slider .slide .image{font-size:12px;text-align:center;width:66%;background-color:white;overflow:hidden}.multi-slider .slide .image.solo{width:100%}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect{padding-top:56%;position:relative;display:block}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect{padding-top:86.5%}}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect.image-only{padding-top:42.8571428571%}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect picture.deferred-picture{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .img{position:absolute;width:100%;top:0;left:0}@media (min-width: 1200px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .large-fill-height img{height:100%;width:auto}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .large-fill-width img{height:auto;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .desktop-fill-height img{height:100%;width:auto}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .desktop-fill-width img{height:auto;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 991px) and (min-width: 768px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .tablet-fill-height img{height:100%;width:auto}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .tablet-fill-width img{height:auto;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 991px){.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .mobile-fill-height img{height:100%;width:auto}.multi-slider .slide .image .aspect .mobile-fill-width img{height:auto;width:100%}}.multi-slider .slide .image .external::before{position:absolute;top:1rem;left:1rem;padding:0;font-size:2rem;color:#006c66;font-weight:bold;z-index:1;border-radius:32px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7);padding:0;box-shadow:0 0 4px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.7);text-shadow:0 0 2px white}.multi-slider .slide .desc{width:calc(34% - 3em);margin:1.5em;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;overflow:visible}.multi-slider .slide .desc h2{margin:0 0 5px}@media (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .desc h2{font-size:17px}}.multi-slider .slide .desc p{font-size:15px}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc{position:relative;top:-50px;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc .text-box{padding:25px}@media (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc .text-box h2{font-size:17px}}.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc-container{clear:both;position:relative;width:100%}.multi-slider .slide.black{background-color:black}.multi-slider .slide.black .desc{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc strong{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.black .desc strong a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:black;color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.black .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.black path{fill:black}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue,.multi-slider .slide.primary{background-color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc strong,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc strong{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .desc strong a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .desc strong a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#006c66;color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.primary .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.aliceblue path,.multi-slider .slide.primary path{fill:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.seashell,.multi-slider .slide.gray{background-color:#eeeeee}.multi-slider .slide.seashell .desc h2 .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.gray .desc h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.seashell .lower-desc .text-box,.multi-slider .slide.gray .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#eeeeee}.multi-slider .slide.seashell .lower-desc .text-box h2 .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.gray .lower-desc .text-box h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.seashell path,.multi-slider .slide.gray path{fill:#eeeeee}.multi-slider .slide.honeydew,.multi-slider .slide.primary-light{background-color:#bfdad9}.multi-slider .slide.honeydew .desc h2 .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.primary-light .desc h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.honeydew .lower-desc .text-box,.multi-slider .slide.primary-light .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#bfdad9}.multi-slider .slide.honeydew .lower-desc .text-box h2 .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.primary-light .lower-desc .text-box h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.honeydew path,.multi-slider .slide.primary-light path{fill:#bfdad9}.multi-slider .slide.blue{background-color:#00445f}.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc strong{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .desc strong a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#00445f;color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.blue .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.blue path{fill:#00445f}.multi-slider .slide.green{background-color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.green .desc{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc strong{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.green .desc strong a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#006c66;color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.green .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.green path{fill:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.white{background-color:#FFF}.multi-slider .slide.white .desc h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.white .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#FFF}.multi-slider .slide.white .lower-desc .text-box h2 .action_marker{color:#006c66}.multi-slider .slide.white path{fill:#FFF}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray{background-color:#666}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc h2,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc .h2,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc .action_marker,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc b,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc strong{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc .action_marker a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc b a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .desc strong a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box{background-color:#666;color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box h2,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box .h2,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box .h2 a,.multi-slider .slide.darkgray .lower-desc .text-box .action_marker a{color:white}.multi-slider .slide.darkgray path{fill:#666}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.extension_research_report_group .slide:hover,.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.extension_group .slide:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 6px silver inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 6px silver inset;box-shadow:0 0 6px silver inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.released .slide:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 6px #00c800 inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 6px #00c800 inset;box-shadow:0 0 6px #00c800 inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.not_released .slide{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px red inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px red inset;box-shadow:0 0 3px red inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.not_released .slide:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 6px red inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 6px red inset;box-shadow:0 0 6px red inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.edited .slide{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px #c8c800 inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px #c8c800 inset;box-shadow:0 0 3px #c8c800 inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.edited .slide:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 6px #c8c800 inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 6px #c8c800 inset;box-shadow:0 0 6px #c8c800 inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.preview_only .slide{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px orange inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px orange inset;box-shadow:0 0 3px orange inset}.multi-slider .extension_container_preview_only.preview_only .slide:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 6px orange inset;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 6px orange inset;box-shadow:0 0 6px orange inset}.slide.left .image{float:right}.slide.left .desc{left:0}.slide.right .image{float:left}.slide.right .desc{right:0}.slide.center .image,.slide.bottom .image{float:none;width:100%}.slide.center .image .aspect.vertical,.slide.bottom .image .aspect.vertical{padding-top:176%}.slide.center .image .aspect.horizontal,.slide.bottom .image .aspect.horizontal{padding-top:74%}.slide.center .desc,.slide.bottom .desc{width:calc(100% - 3em);position:static}.slide.bottom{background-color:transparent !important}@media (min-width: 992px){.multi-slider .shown-slides-1 .slide .desc h2,.multi-slider .shown-slides-1 .slide .text-box h2,.multi-slider .shown-slides-2 .slide .desc h2,.multi-slider .shown-slides-2 .slide .text-box h2{font-size:22px}.multi-slider .shown-slides-3 .slide .desc h2,.multi-slider .shown-slides-3 .slide .text-box h2{font-size:19px}main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-1 .slide .desc h2,main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-1 .slide .text-box h2,main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-2 .slide .desc h2,main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-2 .slide .text-box h2,main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-3 .slide .desc h2,main article div.content .multi-slider .shown-slides-3 .slide .text-box h2{font-size:19px}}@media (max-width: 767px){.multi-slider .slide .lower-desc{top:0}}.multi-slider .big-slider.fouc{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:100%;overflow-x:auto;grid-gap:15px;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-behavior:smooth;margin:0 15px;width:calc(100% - 30px)}@media (max-width: 767px){.multi-slider .big-slider.fouc{margin:0;width:100%}}.fouc.big-slider .slide{scroll-snap-align:start;scroll-snap-stop:always}@media (max-width: 991px){.multi-slider .slide .image,.multi-slider .slide .desc{width:100%;float:none;position:static}.multi-slider .slide .desc{padding:2em;margin:0}}.contains-department-navi .header-main-container{margin-top:30px}.contains-department-navi .department-navi{display:block;height:30px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;background-color:#eeeeee;z-index:10001}.contains-department-navi nav.top{background-color:#eeeeee;height:30px;font-weight:normal;font-family:Roboto, sans-serif}.contains-department-navi nav.top .left-arrow,.contains-department-navi nav.top .right-arrow{display:none}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul{display:flex;width:100%;padding:0;margin:auto;background-color:#006c66;max-width:1920px;position:relative}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul::after{display:none}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li{display:block;cursor:pointer;flex:1 1 0px;text-align:center;border:solid white;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;height:30px;line-height:30px;overflow:hidden;transition:background-color 0.3s;position:relative}@media (min-width: 992px){.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li::before{position:absolute;display:block;content:" ";height:1em;top:calc(50% - 0.5em);width:1px;background:white;left:0}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li::after{position:absolute;display:block;content:" ";height:1em;top:calc(50% - 0.5em);width:1px;background:white;right:0}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li:first-child::before{display:none}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li:nth-last-child(2)::after{display:none}}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li:hover{background-color:#006c66}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li:nth-last-child(2){border-width:0px}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li a{display:block;padding:0 1ch;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;width:100%;color:white;font-family:Roboto}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .chosen{background-color:#006c66;font-weight:bold}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .mobile-hint{display:none;order:-100;font-family:Roboto;font-variant:normal}@media (min-width: 992px){.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li.chosen{background-color:#006c66}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows{position:relative;background:#006c66}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .left-arrow,.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .right-arrow{display:block;width:30px;background:#c8c8c8;height:30px;position:absolute}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .left-arrow{left:0;z-index:1}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .left-arrow::after{position:absolute;content:" ";height:100%;width:5px;right:-5px;background:linear-gradient(to right, #c8c8c8, transparent)}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .left-arrow::before{width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:10px;left:10px;border-top:5px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid #006c66;border-bottom:5px solid transparent;content:" "}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .left-arrow.inactive::before{opacity:0.25}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .right-arrow{right:0;z-index:1}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .right-arrow::before{position:absolute;content:" ";height:100%;width:5px;left:-5px;background:linear-gradient(to left, #c8c8c8, transparent)}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .right-arrow::after{width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:10px;left:10px;border-top:5px solid transparent;border-left:10px solid #006c66;border-bottom:5px solid transparent;content:" "}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows .right-arrow.inactive::after{opacity:0.2}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows ul{position:absolute;width:auto;max-width:none;margin-left:30px}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows ul li{flex:0 0 auto}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows ul li:first-child{padding-left:10px}.contains-department-navi nav.top.arrows ul li:nth-last-child(2){padding-right:10px}}@media (max-width: 991px){.contains-department-navi nav.top ul{display:block;border:0px solid #757776;left:0 !important}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul::after{display:block;height:34px;line-height:34px;font-size:25px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;transition:0.5s;color:white}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li{flex:1 1 100%;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border:none;height:auto}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul li a,.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .mobile-hint{margin:0;height:0;line-height:0px;overflow:hidden;transition:height 0.5s, line-height 0.5s, margin 0.5s, color 0.5s, padding 0.5s;color:transparent}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .mobile-hint{display:block}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .mobile-hint.close-button{font-size:0.75em}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul .chosen a{height:30px;line-height:30px;margin:2px;color:white}.contains-department-navi nav.top ul.open::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}.contains-department-navi nav.top .open li a,.contains-department-navi nav.top .open .mobile-hint{height:30px;line-height:30px;margin:2px;color:white}.contains-department-navi nav.top .open li a.close-button,.contains-department-navi nav.top .open .mobile-hint.close-button{height:45px;padding-top:15px}}.department-navi{display:none}body.ie11{-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar}@media (min-width: 1260px){.social-media-buttons{width:41px;position:fixed;right:0;left:calc(50% + 585px);top:224px}.social-media-buttons .social-button{margin-bottom:15px}.social-media-buttons.opposite{right:calc(50% + 585px);left:initial}}@media (max-width: 767px){.social-media-buttons{margin-bottom:0}.social-media-buttons .social-button{margin-bottom:5px;margin-right:11px}}#depsvg .deptext,#depsvg-xs .deptext{fill:#006c66} </style> <style> @media (min-width: 992px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) #main_nav{margin:0px 15px 5px -15px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) #main_nav li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix{max-height:15px;padding-bottom:25px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) #main_nav li.dropdown.mega-dropdown.clearfix .dropdown-menu{margin-top:14px}}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header{content:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg);display:block;width:100%;font-size:0}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header::before{display:none}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header.language-de{content:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header.language-dedep{content:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-dedep-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header.language-en{content:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-en-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .custom-print-header.language-endep{content:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-endep-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg);width:750px;height:90px;margin-bottom:25px;margin-top:15px;left:30px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-de{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-dedep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-dedep-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg)}@media (min-width: 768px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-dedep{margin-bottom:45px}}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-en{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-en-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-endep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-endep-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg)}@media (min-width: 768px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-endep{margin-bottom:45px}}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand::before{display:none}@media (max-width: 991px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{margin-bottom:10px;background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg);height:78.0px;margin-bottom:20px;position:relative;width:650px;left:15px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-de{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-de-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg);height:78.0px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-dedep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-dedep-9a268de5296b11e5c928701743fb3c393f0acd2c22939f9289024ad76b124b29.svg);height:78.0px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-en{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-en-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg);height:78.0px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-endep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-desktop-endep-c8f5361895acc80d0041388c7cd6c3c8251717359019633dcb7c3f96b7625a8d.svg);height:78.0px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{background:transparent;border:0;display:inline-block;height:40px;margin-right:1em;margin-top:0;position:absolute;top:39.0px;width:40px;z-index:110;right:0;padding:0}body.hs.language-de:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:39.0px}body.hs.language-dedep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:39.0px}body.hs.language-en:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:39.0px}body.hs.language-endep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:39.0px}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-mobile-de-09837318953ebe6a9ee54f43c3acf3fb815bff1cfdc4c82f6d836e577f32e808.svg);height:calc((100vw - 105px)/5.0);line-height:63px;width:calc(100vw - 105px);max-width:600px;max-height:120px;margin-bottom:20px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-de{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-mobile-de-09837318953ebe6a9ee54f43c3acf3fb815bff1cfdc4c82f6d836e577f32e808.svg);height:calc((100vw - 105px)/5.0)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-dedep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-mobile-dedep-8331ccbddddadccbcfcd08dece520ef3360bb565d45122567e606426e49ea07b.svg);height:calc((100vw - 105px)/5.0)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-en{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-mobile-en-e5439dd466665f4be12bda09cb953a280ba2e970815498639fda68ad5554ca59.svg);height:calc((100vw - 105px)/5.0)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand.language-endep{background-image:url(/assets/institutes/headers/hs-mobile-endep-aaa9834ea347935e86f1920a98ee9e0e1578e2995f2ac601899024682116718f.svg);height:calc((100vw - 105px)/5.0)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 705px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:calc((100vw - 105px)/10.0)}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) header.navbar .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{font-size:calc(63 * (100vw - 105px) / (705.0 - 105));line-height:calc(63 * (100vw - 105px) / (705.0 - 105))}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs.language-de:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 705px){body.hs.language-de:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:calc((100vw - 105px)/10.0)}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs.language-dedep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 705px){body.hs.language-dedep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:calc((100vw - 105px)/10.0)}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs.language-en:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 705px){body.hs.language-en:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:calc((100vw - 105px)/10.0)}}@media (max-width: 767px){body.hs.language-endep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:60px}}@media (max-width: 705px){body.hs.language-endep:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navbar-default .navbar-toggle{top:calc((100vw - 105px)/10.0)}}@media (min-width: 992px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navigation-on-top .navbar.navbar-default{position:absolute;top:15px;width:970px}body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navigation-on-top .navbar-header a.navbar-brand{margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 1200px){body.hs:not(.mpg):not(.schools) .navigation-on-top .navbar.navbar-default{position:absolute;top:15px;width:1170px}} </style> <script type="text/javascript"> window.mainStylesheet = "/assets/responsive_live_green-c040510bdaf59e585e436f565c134806ee2faada106589c238805619e2f57f65.css"; </script> <script> window.addEventListener("load", function() { var linkElement = document.createElement("link"); linkElement.rel="stylesheet"; linkElement.href="/assets/katex/katex-4c5cd0d7a0c68fd03f44bf90378c50838ac39ebc09d5f02a7a9169be65ab4d65.css"; linkElement.media="all"; document.head.appendChild(linkElement); }); </script> <script> if(!window.DCLGuard) { window.DCLGuard=true; } </script> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('Base',function(){ (function (global) { if (global.MpgApp && global.MpgApp.object) { global.MpgApp.object.id = +'2288630'; } }(window)); }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.shh.mpg.de/2288630/fedd" /> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="4tw9nPa4XGQVoajkhi-fSiXhZ4qoae8RSXMoER_ztP7klB7Y9BSr7Rp_LcWRu_d4mHaonYE4o8UzHqBB7faR7w" /> <meta name="generator" content="JustRelate CX Cloud (www.justrelate.com)" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.shh.mpg.de/1467636/fedd" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.shh.mpg.de/2288630/fedd" /> <script type="module" > window.allHash = { 'manifest':'/assets/manifest-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597','responsive/modules/display_pubman_reference_counter':'/assets/responsive/modules/display_pubman_reference_counter-8150b81b51110bc3ec7a4dc03078feda26b48c0226aee02029ee6cf7d5a3b87e','responsive/modules/video_module':'/assets/responsive/modules/video_module-93a983bcf42b8c3e21cfe5fbdc189a67771115ccd62211eeb87519acd28cae04','responsive/live/annual_report_overview':'/assets/responsive/live/annual_report_overview-f7e7c3f45d3666234c0259e10c56456d695ae3c2df7a7d60809b7c64ce52b732','responsive/live/annual_review_overview':'/assets/responsive/live/annual_review_overview-49341d85de5d249f2de9b520154d516e9b4390cbf17a523d5731934d3b9089ec','responsive/live/deferred-picture-loader':'/assets/responsive/live/deferred-picture-loader-d4cf1b2c704b9d1535dbf0760f7e96a3f1daf0a419e1622bfc6e2e48cf0c599f','responsive/live/employee':'/assets/responsive/live/employee-ac8cd3e48754c26d9eaf9f9965ab06aca171804411f359cbccd54a69e89bc31c','responsive/live/employee_landing_page':'/assets/responsive/live/employee_landing_page-ac8cd3e48754c26d9eaf9f9965ab06aca171804411f359cbccd54a69e89bc31c','responsive/live/employee_search':'/assets/responsive/live/employee_search-47a41df3fc7a7dea603765ad3806515b07efaddd7cf02a8d9038bdce6fa548a1','responsive/live/event_overview':'/assets/responsive/live/event_overview-817c26c3dfe343bed2eddac7dd37b6638da92babec077a826fde45294ed63f3c','responsive/live/gallery_overview':'/assets/responsive/live/gallery_overview-459edb4dec983cc03e8658fafc1f9df7e9d1c78786c31d9864e109a04fde3be7','responsive/live/institute_page':'/assets/responsive/live/institute_page-03ec6d8aaec2eff8a6c1522f54abf44608299523f838fc7d14db1e68d8ec0c7a','responsive/live/institutes_map':'/assets/responsive/live/institutes_map-588c0307e4a797238ba50134c823708bd3d8d640157dc87cf24b592ecdbd874e','responsive/live/job_board':'/assets/responsive/live/job_board-0db2f3e92fdcd350960e469870b9bef95adc9b08e90418d17a0977ae0a9ec8fd','responsive/live/newsroom':'/assets/responsive/live/newsroom-c8be313dabf63d1ee1e51af14f32628f2c0b54a5ef41ce999b8bd024dc64cad2','responsive/live/organigramm':'/assets/responsive/live/organigramm-18444677e2dce6a3c2138ce8d4a01aca7e84b3ea9ffc175b801208634555d8ff','responsive/live/research_page':'/assets/responsive/live/research_page-c8be313dabf63d1ee1e51af14f32628f2c0b54a5ef41ce999b8bd024dc64cad2','responsive/live/science_gallery_overview':'/assets/responsive/live/science_gallery_overview-5c87ac26683fe2f4315159efefa651462b87429147b8f9504423742e6b7f7785','responsive/live/tabcard':'/assets/responsive/live/tabcard-0ad61fbfbacbdd663f3865acda540979b88c72c5e2e214b9d1b72d30280b2c29','live/advent_calendar':'/assets/live/advent_calendar-4ef7ec5654db2e7d38c778dc295aec19318d2c1afcbbf6ac4bfc2dde87c57f12','live/employee':'/assets/live/employee-fb8f504a3309f25dbdd8d3cf3d3f55c597964116d5af01a0ba720e7faa186337','live/employee_landing_page':'/assets/live/employee_landing_page-fb8f504a3309f25dbdd8d3cf3d3f55c597964116d5af01a0ba720e7faa186337','live/gallery_overview':'/assets/live/gallery_overview-18a0e0553dd83304038b0c94477d177e23b8b98bff7cb6dd36c7c99bf8082d12','live/podcast_page':'/assets/live/podcast_page-fe7023d277ed2b0b7a3228167181231631915515dcf603a33f35de7f4fd9566f','live/video_page':'/assets/live/video_page-62efab78e58bdfd4531ccfc9fe3601ea90abeb617a6de220c1d09250ba003d37','responsive/mpg_common/live/dropdown_list':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/dropdown_list-71372d52518b3cb50132756313972768fdec1d4fa3ffa38e6655696fe2de5c0b','responsive/mpg_common/live/event_calendar':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/event_calendar-719dd7e7333c7d65af04ddf8e2d244a2646b5f16d0d7f24f75b0bb8c334da6a5','responsive/mpg_common/live/event_registration':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/event_registration-e6771dca098e37c2858ff2b690497f83a2808b6c642e3f4540e8587e1896c84e','responsive/mpg_common/live/expandable':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/expandable-e2143bde3d53151b5ff7279eaab589f3fefb4fd31278ca9064fd6b83b38d5912','responsive/mpg_common/live/gallery_youtube_video':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/gallery_youtube_video-b859711b59a5655b5fa2deb87bd0d137460341c3494a5df957f750c716970382','responsive/mpg_common/live/interactive_table':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/interactive_table-bff65d6297e45592f8608cd64814fc8d23f62cb328a98b482419e4c25a31fdde','responsive/mpg_common/live/intersection-observer':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/intersection-observer-9e55d6cf2aac1d0866ac8588334111b664e643e4e91b10c5cbb42315eb25d974','responsive/mpg_common/live/main_menu':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/main_menu-43966868573e0e775be41cf218e0f15a6399cf3695eb4297bae55004451acada','responsive/mpg_common/live/news_publication_overview':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/news_publication_overview-d1aae55c18bfd7cf46bad48f7392e51fc1b3a3b887bc6312a39e36eaa58936fa','responsive/mpg_common/live/reverse':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/reverse-9d6a32ce7c0f41fbc5249f8919f9c7b76cacd71f216c9e6223c27560acf41c8b','responsive/mpg_common/live/shuffle':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/shuffle-14b053c3d32d46209f0572a91d3240487cd520326247fc2f1c36ea4d3a6035eb','responsive/mpg_common/live/slick_lazyloader':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/slick_lazyloader-ea2704816b84026f362aa3824fcd44450d54dffccb7fca3c853d2f830a5ce412','responsive/mpg_common/live/video':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/video-55b7101b2ac2622a81eba0bdefd94b5c5ddf1476b01f4442c3b1ae855b274dcf','responsive/mpg_common/live/youtube_extension':'/assets/responsive/mpg_common/live/youtube_extension-2b42986b3cae60b7e4153221d501bc0953010efeadda844a2acdc05da907e90f','preview/_pdf_sorting':'/assets/preview/_pdf_sorting-8fa7fd1ef29207b6c9a940e5eca927c26157f93f2a9e78e21de2578e6e06edf0','preview/advent_calendar':'/assets/preview/advent_calendar-4ef7ec5654db2e7d38c778dc295aec19318d2c1afcbbf6ac4bfc2dde87c57f12','preview/annual_review_search':'/assets/preview/annual_review_search-8fa7fd1ef29207b6c9a940e5eca927c26157f93f2a9e78e21de2578e6e06edf0','preview/edit_overlays':'/assets/preview/edit_overlays-cef31afd41d708f542672cc748b72a6b62ed10df9ee0030c11a0892ae937db70','preview/employee':'/assets/preview/employee-fb8f504a3309f25dbdd8d3cf3d3f55c597964116d5af01a0ba720e7faa186337','preview/employee_landing_page':'/assets/preview/employee_landing_page-fb8f504a3309f25dbdd8d3cf3d3f55c597964116d5af01a0ba720e7faa186337','preview/gallery_overview':'/assets/preview/gallery_overview-ca27fbd8e436a0f15e28d60a0a4a5861f7f9817b9cb44cb36ae654ebe03eec2a','preview/lodash':'/assets/preview/lodash-01fbab736a95109fbe4e1857ce7958edc28a78059301871a97ed0459a73f92d2','preview/overlay':'/assets/preview/overlay-4b3006f01cc2a80c44064f57acfdb24229925bbf211ca5a5e202b0be8cd2e66e','preview/overlay_ajax_methods':'/assets/preview/overlay_ajax_methods-0cceedf969995341b0aeb5629069bf5117896d2b053822e99f527e733430de65','preview/pdf_overview':'/assets/preview/pdf_overview-8fa7fd1ef29207b6c9a940e5eca927c26157f93f2a9e78e21de2578e6e06edf0','preview/podcast_page':'/assets/preview/podcast_page-8b696f28fe17c5875ac647a54463d6cf4beda5fa758ba590dd50d4f7d11e02a0','preview/preview':'/assets/preview/preview-7d20d27ffa274bf0336cbf591613fbbffd4fa684d745614240e81e11118b65c2','preview/science_gallery_overview':'/assets/preview/science_gallery_overview-00600feadb223d3b4cb5432a27cc6bee695f2b95225cb9ecf2e9407660ebcc35','preview/video_page':'/assets/preview/video_page-5359db6cf01dcd5736c28abe7e77dabdb4c7caa77184713f32f731d158ced5a8','preview_manifest':'/assets/preview_manifest-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597','editmarker':'/assets/editmarker-b8d0504e39fbfef0acc731ba771c770852ec660f0e5b8990b6d367aefa0d9b9c','live':'/assets/live-f5c90788810169b39cb467b4148ef2a732672c0813e89614b656ea08fd978bd1','print':'/assets/print-08c7a83da7f03ca9674c285c1cc50a85f44241f0bcef84178df198c8e9805c3c','mpg_base':'/assets/mpg_base-4a97972e072e03bbaa599476d963ac1f4caf5e84fcb8c8cef812d7c958fdd5ec','mpg_fouc':'/assets/mpg_fouc-715688cebeb86a46a6efb16e799c9b79a7c27aecb21adc181b18e458317fd9bb','mpg_amd':'/assets/mpg_amd-ec90cfe7c9d001dafb3b9bb06ace017e754aa3688f9faeec248aa21e2e105a87','mpg_amd_bundle':'/assets/mpg_amd_bundle-932e0d098e1959a6b4654b199e4c02974ab670115222c010a0bcc14756fce071','responsive/friendlycaptcha/widget.module.min':'/assets/responsive/friendlycaptcha/widget.module.min-19cabfb2100ce6916acaa628a50895f333f8ffb6a12387af23054565ee2122f2','responsive/honeybadger.min':'/assets/responsive/honeybadger.min-213763a8258237e8c4d12f0dbd98d8a966023b02f7433c1a05c1bace6ef120ec','responsive_live':'/assets/responsive_live-1c5880042e2ba67b378a92f6782f659234311a3e7a93cc2d9ebc85926044613c','responsive_preview':'/assets/responsive_preview-724cad53e9b79e3494afd718020c05eb4485ee92c94e8477e04f46f7469c68f6','katex/katex':'/assets/katex/katex-ca9d4097b1925d5d729e5c4c7ffcdb44112ba08c53e7183feb26afa6927cc4fd','responsive/tsmodules/cashew':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/cashew-f2b3a6f988f933937212c2239a5008703225511ab19b4a6d6cbead2e9904ae21','responsive/tsmodules/datahandler':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/datahandler-18b09253aa824ba684b48d41aea5edb6321851210404bdc3c47922c961181980','responsive/tsmodules/edit-menu':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/edit-menu-ed8038730fbc4b64d700f28f3ccdcc8c33cc558e1182af3f37b6b4374a3ad3b6','responsive/tsmodules/edit':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/edit-80ca9b5137f2eeb575e45f3ff1fd611effb73bd27d9f920d5f758c27a4212067','responsive/tsmodules/image-information':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/image-information-2766379bd0ae7c612169084e5437d5662006eec54acbecba9f83ac8773ac20fa','responsive/tsmodules/languages':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/languages-33d886fa0f8a758ac8817dfaf505c136d22e86a95988298f3b14cf46c870a586','responsive/tsmodules/menu':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/menu-dc7cee42b20a68a887e06bb1979d6ecc601ff8dd361b80cc6a8190e33ab7f005','responsive/tsmodules/notify':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/notify-44b67b61195156d3827af8dfd00797cd327f013dc404720659f2d3da19cf6f77','responsive/tsmodules/virtual-form':'/assets/responsive/tsmodules/virtual-form-31974440dbd9f79534149b9376a63b1f2e0b542abb5ba898e4fbaeef377d66ca','tinymce':'/assets/tinymce-6b89ca55d2a99c87db6897d8e896ce9b5e19a805ecb4915e34621d0a720c69c8','tinymce/jquery.tinymce':'/assets/tinymce/jquery.tinymce','tinymce/langs/en':'/assets/tinymce/langs/en','tinymce/plugins/advhr/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advhr/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/advhr/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advhr/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/advhr/js/rule':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advhr/js/rule','tinymce/plugins/advhr/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advhr/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/advimage/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advimage/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/advimage/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advimage/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/advimage/js/image':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advimage/js/image','tinymce/plugins/advimage/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advimage/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/advlink/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlink/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/advlink/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlink/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/advlink/js/advlink':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlink/js/advlink','tinymce/plugins/advlink/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlink/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/advlist/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlist/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/advlist/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/advlist/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/autolink/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autolink/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/autolink/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autolink/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/autoresize/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autoresize/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/autoresize/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autoresize/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/autosave/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autosave/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/autosave/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/autosave/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/bbcode/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/bbcode/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/bbcode/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/bbcode/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/contextmenu/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/contextmenu/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/contextmenu/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/contextmenu/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/directionality/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/directionality/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/directionality/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/directionality/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/emotions/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/emotions/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/emotions/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/emotions/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/emotions/js/emotions':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/emotions/js/emotions','tinymce/plugins/emotions/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/emotions/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/example/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/example/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/example/js/dialog':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example/js/dialog','tinymce/plugins/example/langs/en':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example/langs/en','tinymce/plugins/example/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/example_dependency/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example_dependency/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/example_dependency/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/example_dependency/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/fullpage/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullpage/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/fullpage/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullpage/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/fullpage/js/fullpage':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullpage/js/fullpage','tinymce/plugins/fullpage/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullpage/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/fullscreen/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullscreen/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/fullscreen/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/fullscreen/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/iespell/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/iespell/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/iespell/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/iespell/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/inlinepopups/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/inlinepopups/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/inlinepopups/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/inlinepopups/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/insertdatetime/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/insertdatetime/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/insertdatetime/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/insertdatetime/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/layer/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/layer/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/layer/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/layer/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/legacyoutput/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/legacyoutput/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/legacyoutput/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/legacyoutput/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/lists/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/lists/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/lists/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/lists/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/media/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/media/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/media/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/media/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/media/js/embed':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/media/js/embed','tinymce/plugins/media/js/media':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/media/js/media','tinymce/plugins/media/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/media/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/nonbreaking/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/nonbreaking/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/nonbreaking/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/nonbreaking/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/noneditable/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/noneditable/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/noneditable/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/noneditable/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/pagebreak/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/pagebreak/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/pagebreak/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/pagebreak/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/paste/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/paste/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/paste/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/paste/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/paste/js/pastetext':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/paste/js/pastetext','tinymce/plugins/paste/js/pasteword':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/paste/js/pasteword','tinymce/plugins/paste/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/paste/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/preview/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/preview/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/preview/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/preview/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/preview/jscripts/embed':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/preview/jscripts/embed','tinymce/plugins/print/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/print/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/print/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/print/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/save/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/save/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/save/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/save/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/js/searchreplace':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/js/searchreplace','tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/searchreplace/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/spellchecker/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/spellchecker/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/spellchecker/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/spellchecker/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/style/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/style/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/style/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/style/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/style/js/props':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/style/js/props','tinymce/plugins/style/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/style/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/tabfocus/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/tabfocus/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/tabfocus/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/tabfocus/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/table/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/table/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/table/js/cell':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/js/cell','tinymce/plugins/table/js/merge_cells':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/js/merge_cells','tinymce/plugins/table/js/row':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/js/row','tinymce/plugins/table/js/table':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/js/table','tinymce/plugins/table/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/table/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/template/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/template/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/template/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/template/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/template/js/template':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/template/js/template','tinymce/plugins/template/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/template/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/plugins/visualblocks/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/visualblocks/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/visualblocks/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/visualblocks/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/visualchars/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/visualchars/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/visualchars/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/visualchars/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/wordcount/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/wordcount/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/wordcount/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/wordcount/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/editor_plugin':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/editor_plugin','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/editor_plugin_src':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/editor_plugin_src','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/abbr':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/abbr','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/acronym':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/acronym','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/attributes':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/attributes','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/cite':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/cite','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/del':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/del','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/element_common':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/element_common','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/ins':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/js/ins','tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/plugins/xhtmlxtras/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/themes/advanced/editor_template':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/editor_template','tinymce/themes/advanced/editor_template_src':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/editor_template_src','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/about':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/about','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/anchor':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/anchor','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/charmap':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/charmap','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/color_picker':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/color_picker','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/image':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/image','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/link':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/link','tinymce/themes/advanced/js/source_editor':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/js/source_editor','tinymce/themes/advanced/langs/en':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/langs/en','tinymce/themes/advanced/langs/en_dlg':'/assets/tinymce/themes/advanced/langs/en_dlg','tinymce/themes/simple/editor_template':'/assets/tinymce/themes/simple/editor_template','tinymce/themes/simple/editor_template_src':'/assets/tinymce/themes/simple/editor_template_src','tinymce/themes/simple/langs/en':'/assets/tinymce/themes/simple/langs/en','tinymce/tiny_mce':'/assets/tinymce/tiny_mce','tinymce/tiny_mce_jquery':'/assets/tinymce/tiny_mce_jquery','tinymce/tiny_mce_jquery_src':'/assets/tinymce/tiny_mce_jquery_src','tinymce/tiny_mce_popup':'/assets/tinymce/tiny_mce_popup','tinymce/tiny_mce_src':'/assets/tinymce/tiny_mce_src','tinymce/utils/editable_selects':'/assets/tinymce/utils/editable_selects','tinymce/utils/form_utils':'/assets/tinymce/utils/form_utils','tinymce/utils/mctabs':'/assets/tinymce/utils/mctabs','tinymce/utils/validate':'/assets/tinymce/utils/validate' } </script> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('AMD',function(){ requirejs.config({ waitSeconds:0, paths: allHash }) }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script></head> <body class="hs standard_page language-de" id="top"> <header class="navbar hero navigation-on-bottom"> <div class="container remove-padding header-main-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand mpg-icon mpg-icon-logo language-de language-degreen" aria-label="Logo Max-Planck-Institut für Geoanthropologie, zur Startseite" href="/"></a> </div> <div class="lang-search"> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse bs-navbar-collapse"> <ul class="hidden-xs hidden-sm nav navbar-nav navbar-right navbar-meta"> <li class="language-switcher-links"> <a href="/1467636/fedd">English</a> </li> <li> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left search-field hidden-xs" role="search" action="/2393/suchergebnis" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <div class="form-group noindex"> <input class="form-control searchfield" name="searchfield" placeholder="Suche" value="" type="search" aria-label="Bitte geben Sie einen Suchbegriff ein." /> <button class="btn btn-default searchbutton" aria-label="Suche"> <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-search" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </div> </form> </li> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="navbar-title-wrapper"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default" aria-label="Hauptnavigation"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="visible-xs visible-sm"> <button class="nav-btn navbar-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-navigation-container" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Hauptnavigations-Schalter"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="-25 -25 50 50"> <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="25" fill="none"/> <rect class="burgerline-1" x="-15" y="-12" width="30" height="4" fill="black"/> <rect class="burgerline-2" x="-15" y="-2" width="30" height="4" fill="black"/> <rect class="burgerline-3" x="-15" y="8" width="30" height="4" fill="black"/> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-navbar-collapse noindex" id="main-navigation-container"> <div class="mobile-search-pwa-container"> <div class="mobile-search-container"> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left search-field visible-sm visible-xs mobile clearfix" role="search" action="/2393/suchergebnis" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <div class="form-group noindex"> <input class="form-control searchfield" name="searchfield" placeholder="Suche" value="" type="search" aria-label="Bitte geben Sie einen Suchbegriff ein." /> <button class="btn btn-default searchbutton" aria-label="Suche"> <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-search" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ul class="nav navbar-nav col-xs-12" id="main_nav" data-timestamp="2025-01-07T10:33:42.345Z"> <li class="dropdown mega-dropdown clearfix" tabindex="0" data-positioning="2"> <a class="main-navi-item dropdown-toggle undefined" id="Root-de.0">Über uns<span class="arrow-dock"></span></a><a class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs visible-sm" data-no-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-Root-de.0"><span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></span></a><ul id="flyout-Root-de.0" class="col-xs-12 dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu row"> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/68093/profile" id="Root-de.0.0.0">Profil</a></li> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/150214/management" id="Root-de.0.0.1">Management</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.0.1.0">MEHR INFORMATIONEN</a><ul> <li><a href="/1984028/sustainability-group" id="Root-de.0.1.0.0">Nachhaltigkeitsgruppe</a></li> <li><a href="/2064800/gleichstellung-gender-equality" id="Root-de.0.1.0.1">Gleichstellung</a></li> </ul> </li></ul></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown mega-dropdown clearfix" tabindex="0" data-positioning="3"> <a class="main-navi-item dropdown-toggle undefined" id="Root-de.1">Forschung<span class="arrow-dock"></span></a><a class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs visible-sm" data-no-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-Root-de.1"><span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></span></a><ul id="flyout-Root-de.1" class="col-xs-12 dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu row"> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"> <li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.1.0.0">Abteilungen</a><ul> <li><a href="/2196860/da-overview" id="Root-de.1.0.0.0">Archäologie</a></li> <li><a href="/2267768/strukturwandel-technosphaere-overview" id="Root-de.1.0.0.1">Strukturwandel der Technosphäre</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.1.0.1">PhD-Ausbildungsprogramm IMPRS</a><ul><li><a href="/1148263/imprs-shh" id="Root-de.1.0.1.0">Profil</a></li></ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-title"> <a href="/49523/publications-gea" id="Root-de.1.0.2">Publikationen</a><ul><li><a href="/2291048/working-papers" id="Root-de.1.0.2.0">Working Papers</a></li></ul> </li> </ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.1.1.0">Unabhängige Max-Planck-Forschungsgruppen</a><ul> <li><a href="/2274391/domestication-and-anthropogenic-evolution" id="Root-de.1.1.0.0">Domestizierung und anthropogene Evolution (DAE)</a></li> <li><a href="/1443274/extreme_events" id="Root-de.1.1.0.1">Extreme Events</a></li> <li><a href="/1149576/human-palaeosystems" id="Root-de.1.1.0.2">Human Palaeosystems</a></li> <li><a href="/2229776/isotropic-independent-research-group" id="Root-de.1.1.0.3">isoTROPIC</a></li> <li><a href="/100886/language-in-the-anthropocene" id="Root-de.1.1.0.4">Language and the Anthropocene</a></li> <li><a href="/1102089/psh" id="Root-de.1.1.0.5">Palaeo-Science and History (PS&H)</a></li> <li><a href="/93700/themintgroup" id="Root-de.1.1.0.6">The Mint (Minds and traditions)</a></li> <li><a href="/1154485/tide" id="Root-de.1.1.0.7">Transmission, Infektion, Diversifikation & Evolution (tide)</a></li> </ul> </li></ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.1.2.0">Drittmittelfinanzierte Forschungsgruppen </a><ul> <li><a href="/2288630/fedd" id="Root-de.1.2.0.0">FEDD</a></li> <li><a href="/865607/finder" id="Root-de.1.2.0.1">FINDER</a></li> <li><a href="/2200333/dogstudies" id="Root-de.1.2.0.2">HundeStudien</a></li> <li><a href="/2245835/islandlab" id="Root-de.1.2.0.3">IslandLab</a></li> <li><a href="/2230734/lastjourney" id="Root-de.1.2.0.4">LASTJOURNEY</a></li> <li><a href="/2234028/pantropocene-group" id="Root-de.1.2.0.5">PANTROPOCENE</a></li> </ul> </li></ul></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown mega-dropdown clearfix" tabindex="0" data-positioning="3"> <a class="main-navi-item dropdown-toggle undefined" id="Root-de.2">Karriere<span class="arrow-dock"></span></a><a class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs visible-sm" data-no-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-Root-de.2"><span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></span></a><ul id="flyout-Root-de.2" class="col-xs-12 dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu row"> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/stellenangebote" id="Root-de.2.0.0">Stellenangebote</a></li></ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/68538/international-office" id="Root-de.2.1.0">Internationales Büro</a></li></ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"> <a id="Root-de.2.2.0">Arbeiten mit der MPG</a><ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.mpg.de/karriere" target="_blank" id="Root-de.2.2.0.0">Kommen Sie zu uns!</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.mpg.de/de/faqs" target="_blank" id="Root-de.2.2.0.1">Erste Schritte zu Max-Planck (FAQ)</a></li> </ul> </li></ul></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown mega-dropdown clearfix" tabindex="0" data-positioning="1"> <a class="main-navi-item dropdown-toggle undefined" id="Root-de.3">ZENTRALE SERVICEEINHEITEN<span class="arrow-dock"></span></a><a class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs visible-sm" data-no-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-Root-de.3"><span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></span></a><ul id="flyout-Root-de.3" class="col-xs-12 dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu row"><li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/106141/it" id="Root-de.3.0.0">IT-Abteilung</a></li> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/159994/administration" id="Root-de.3.0.1">Verwaltung</a></li> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/657758/scientific-services" id="Root-de.3.0.2">WISSENSCHAFTLICHE SERVICES</a></li> </ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="dropdown mega-dropdown clearfix" tabindex="0" data-positioning="3"> <a class="main-navi-item dropdown-toggle undefined" id="Root-de.4">Aktuelles & Medien<span class="arrow-dock"></span></a><a class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs visible-sm" data-no-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-Root-de.4"><span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></span></a><ul id="flyout-Root-de.4" class="col-xs-12 dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu row"> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/2378212/2024-press-releases" id="Root-de.4.0.0">Pressemitteilungen</a></li> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/1314820/short-news" id="Root-de.4.0.1">Kurznachrichten</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/2376142/events-2024" id="Root-de.4.1.0">Veranstaltungen</a></li> <li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/1489296/videos-and-audios" id="Root-de.4.1.1">Videos und Audios</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 menu-column"><ul class="main"><li class="dropdown-title"><a href="/2386681/media-coverage-2024" id="Root-de.4.2.0">Medienecho</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="text-center language-switcher visible-xs visible-sm"> <a href="/1467636/fedd">English</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <header class="container-full-width visible-print-block"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="content"> <span class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-logo custom-print-header language-de"> Max-Planck-Institut für Geoanthropologie </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('Base',function(){ var mainMenu; if(typeof MpgCommon != "undefined") { mainMenu = new MpgCommon.MainMenu(); } }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script> <div id="page_content"> <div class="container content-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <main> <article class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3"> <div class="content py-0"> <div class="noindex"> <nav class="hidden-print" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="breadcrumb clearfix" vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"> <a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="/" class="" title=""> <span property="name">Startseite</span> </a> <meta property="position" content="1"> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"> <a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="/93593/research-groups" class="" title=""> <span property="name">Unabhängige Forschungsgruppen</span> </a> <meta property="position" content="2"> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" aria-current="page"> <span property="name">FEDD </span> <meta property="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1 class="serif">Früchte Eurasiens: Domestizierung und Verbreitung (FEDD - Fruits of Eurasia: Domestication and Dispersal)</h1> <div class="social-media-buttons hidden-print "> <a class="social-button facebook" target="_blank" title="Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?t=Max-Planck-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Geoanthropologie+-+FEDD+&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button linkedin" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button reddit" target="_blank" title="Reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?title=Max-Planck-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Geoanthropologie+-+FEDD+&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button twitter" target="_blank" title="Twitter" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Max-Planck-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Geoanthropologie+-+FEDD+&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button whatsapp visible-xs" title="WhatsApp" href="whatsapp://send?text=Max-Planck-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Geoanthropologie+-+FEDD++https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button xing" target="_blank" title="Xing" href="https://www.xing.com/spi/shares/new?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd"></a> <a class="social-button email" title="E-Mail" href="mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shh.mpg.de%2F2288630%2Ffedd&subject=Max-Planck-Institut%20f%C3%BCr%20Geoanthropologie%20-%20FEDD%20"></a> <a class="social-button print" title="Print" href=""></a> </div> <div class="meta-information"> <div class="data"> </div> </div> <p class="summary">Viele der Früchte, Nüsse und Getreide auf unseren Tischen haben sich einst entlang der legendären Handelsrouten, die wir umgangssprachlich als Seidenstraße bezeichnen verbreitet. Mit der Erforschung der Pflanzen der Seidenstraße, studieren wir die Geschichte unserer Nahrung – die größten Artefakte der Seidenstraße sind in unseren Küchen zu finden.</p> <p>Die FEDD Forschungsgruppe ist ein ERC-gefördertes Projekt, in dem Doktorand:innen, Postdocs und andere führende Forschende zusammenarbeiten, die daran interessiert sind wie die Nahrung, die wir heute essen zu dem wurde was sie jetzt ist. Das Team arbeitet eng mit der Forschungsgruppe <a href="/2197068/palaeoecology-research-group">Paläoökologie</a> sowie der Forschungsgruppe für <a href="/2274391/domestication-and-anthropogenic-evolution">Domestizierung und anthropogene Evolution (DAE)</a> zusammen.</p> <figure class='image-extension pull-center no-fancybox' data-description='' data-picture='base64;<picture class="" data-iesrc="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--44cc044be8cd9e9a73847c7d8025b459eabb9ac6" data-alt="Logo FEDD" data-class=""><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--ea56e34a0ddb522f8a679ac41b0f09e6091bdf5c 414w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--3964142d4e0737c39d48e2d60218f9bc3fb7aa2f 375w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--079a6baa57b2e10835d6e240830b114179d8d2ce 320w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--037d21f24b0e05c43a4b8f140aee19ab6da2acdb 411w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--49bc9aa99076ed7e49c912fff8aa7efc0e221008 480w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--c139495f80ad414732de863dcb8213ac4190b9f1 360w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--9056d89ffef8d9731012a07547372641bd78622e 828w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--4846b2e7a81ce9e6c4e0706de7860d582a4ef682 750w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--eed79aeabb104958da0f77b2a4d1d450490f40ce 640w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--51d79086872acbdcb41bf45884af874eb5bde22e 822w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--1d8b3e397ac739c853146a2e4b348bd048126f91 960w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--1d69790136ae7fce00bba8694304a8b2bed67899 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--44fa194e0017a86d7aa73aad2aa7504b6515d088 414w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--614f280cf7af8e807661cfad4cbeafaffabd7741 375w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--2508aa51c872881deb0d337694259ff99c9313b4 320w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--65c48fb539ab3232d2ede4479c5afc14adac76a8 411w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--bfd78cc3ba2c5ce77a2aadffa0132a8c7480d408 480w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--436da76c7df2c5a7043a96d24fdc29412edef13f 360w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--54b992787e509ebcac9f9068fa08cecca90ed355 828w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--7771e15d332738b81bece5fbcab3b26e3f67348b 750w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--563035a7d9aee95ef87e87a6f07463c44e3abed4 640w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--36193fc07f91d336d90f8cd23d1034b0b178782d 822w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--c5a2f22550e279c203f1a3606dcc2596c804a0da 960w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--5678579dc9a943b938540fdf6793ee060925fcef 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--5950b0c6d4fc6f484b09129b99536204044412eb 900w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--26a8018af5f2563d7d1ac0f83a26fba03bfef255 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--5c03f731809072c16c7f45d0ad5673d2e8d34141 900w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--51553beee2a2bb8d30419cdc8ec4e71b788446ce 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--66a499096d06c8563e93fcebfcddadc69f7ce2e5 1200w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--fae9701a282ea221486db67499957bed3c3d11c6 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--2cce29a59c5f7ba178949960601101f53f36cfeb 1200w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--fbcc6ec7957d7e7b38ccdfbb2b0039b96f350298 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--107d5a1fc1c736c1aea955a5f80a989f787ac568 1400w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--bc67119ad9dd1dca88ba29056f023e14244ea2cd 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--44cc044be8cd9e9a73847c7d8025b459eabb9ac6 1400w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--88cba9bc12cb9a2ffd1b41d0d3ed12f210bf5dc9 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/jpeg" /><img alt="Logo FEDD" class="" title="Logo FEDD" src="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--44cc044be8cd9e9a73847c7d8025b459eabb9ac6" /></picture>'> <div class="figure-link mpg-icon hidden-print"> <div class="mpg-image-frame-relative" style="aspect-ratio: 676 / 112;"> <picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--d6c04b1138dd40f016d85f62c96a91cccddf895d" data-alt="Logo FEDD" data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--ea56e34a0ddb522f8a679ac41b0f09e6091bdf5c 414w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--3964142d4e0737c39d48e2d60218f9bc3fb7aa2f 375w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--079a6baa57b2e10835d6e240830b114179d8d2ce 320w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--037d21f24b0e05c43a4b8f140aee19ab6da2acdb 411w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--49bc9aa99076ed7e49c912fff8aa7efc0e221008 480w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--c139495f80ad414732de863dcb8213ac4190b9f1 360w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--9056d89ffef8d9731012a07547372641bd78622e 828w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--4846b2e7a81ce9e6c4e0706de7860d582a4ef682 750w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--eed79aeabb104958da0f77b2a4d1d450490f40ce 640w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--51d79086872acbdcb41bf45884af874eb5bde22e 822w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--1d8b3e397ac739c853146a2e4b348bd048126f91 960w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--1d69790136ae7fce00bba8694304a8b2bed67899 720w" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--44fa194e0017a86d7aa73aad2aa7504b6515d088 414w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--614f280cf7af8e807661cfad4cbeafaffabd7741 375w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--2508aa51c872881deb0d337694259ff99c9313b4 320w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--65c48fb539ab3232d2ede4479c5afc14adac76a8 411w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--bfd78cc3ba2c5ce77a2aadffa0132a8c7480d408 480w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--436da76c7df2c5a7043a96d24fdc29412edef13f 360w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--54b992787e509ebcac9f9068fa08cecca90ed355 828w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--7771e15d332738b81bece5fbcab3b26e3f67348b 750w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--563035a7d9aee95ef87e87a6f07463c44e3abed4 640w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--36193fc07f91d336d90f8cd23d1034b0b178782d 822w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--c5a2f22550e279c203f1a3606dcc2596c804a0da 960w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--5678579dc9a943b938540fdf6793ee060925fcef 720w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--95468406fa005f5474c33ee66dc28a403d791591 751w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--03323a18260520fb79f2ccefbc8c741749a7cafc 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--0e0e1dc0f0e351f1e3b1b88bbdec636b7dc87ca1 751w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--e1a0a2657a373a5fdf2396e7288ccb0fca27eb59 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--e94f50fe80f4d8de991470024166809712a58531 698w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--62197d5131c8710d35dca5d8cf83852908c687d6 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--349f402b7e6e06960c05f42bcceb513f1f3b819c 698w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--4a9217694d09bf3c54d11dcc4e9e06074ce745a2 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--c4229f99d6cff5a422687ec15cb1b4e00af2b00d 848w, /1447166/original-1568724505.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDQ3MTY2fQ%3D%3D--ca6da40b4ddab0e849495e61fa7ffabc0b56aeb2 1696w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--d6c04b1138dd40f016d85f62c96a91cccddf895d 848w, /1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--660c4801e75b400fbe87da30814801ca01c25606 1696w" /><img alt="Logo FEDD" data-src="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ0NzE2Nn0%3D--d6c04b1138dd40f016d85f62c96a91cccddf895d" class="img-responsive" title="Logo FEDD" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="visible-print-block mb-1 banner deferred-picture" alt="Logo FEDD" data-src="/1447166/original-1568724505.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQ2LCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NDcxNjZ9--c43421b29dc459047530e255b0405af3015c9f5e"> </figure> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('Fouc',function(){ var selector = "#description_1447151"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 120, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); var selector = "#copyright_1447151"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 120, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script><p>Eines der am umstrittensten Themen, welches die Biologie und die Sozialwissenschaften miteinander verbindet, ist die Domestizierung von Pflanzen und Tieren, wobei sich ein Großteil dieses Diskurses auf eine ausgewählte Handvoll von Organismen konzentriert hat. <span lang="EN-US">Das von Robert Spengler geleitete Projekt „Früchte Eurasiens: Domestizierung und Verbreitung“ (FEDD - Fruits of Eurasia: Domestication and Dispersal) ermöglicht es ihm und seinem Team, den Schwerpunkt der Domestizierungsforschung auf Getreidepflanzen zu legen und mehrjährige Pflanzen, vor allem Obst- und Nussbäume, genauer zu untersuchen. Archäobotanische und genetische Studien zeigen, dass diese Pflanzen einen ganz anderen Weg zur Domestizierung beschritten haben und ihre frühe Kultivierung neue Konzepte von Landbesitz und landwirtschaftlichem Wissen darstellt.</span></p><p>Das FEDD-Team versucht, die Ursprünge einiger der bekanntesten Früchte aus unseren Küchen zu ermitteln und die Prozesse des evolutionären Wandels besser zu verstehen, die sich aus der Interaktion des Menschen mit diesen Pflanzen ergeben haben. <span lang="EN-US">Viele dieser Baumfrüchte haben ihren Ursprung in den Bergen Zentralasiens und sind mit den alten Handelsrouten der Seidenstraße verbunden. Daher werden Spengler und sein Team die Gebirgsausläufer Innerasiens erforschen und archäologische Stätten aus dem Späten Pleistozän bis zu den mongolischen Eroberungen untersuchen. Sie verwenden einen multidisziplinären Ansatz, um den alten Anbau und die spätere Domestizierung dieser Pflanzen zu ermitteln</span>.</p><p>Letztendlich verfolgt das FEDD-Projekt zwei Ziele: 1) die Prozesse der kulinarischen und landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, die zur Entstehung der Küchen in Europa und Asien geführt haben, zusammenzufügen. In diesem Sinne ist das Verständnis, wann und wie sich bestimmte Pflanzen bewegt haben, entscheidend für das Verständnis der modernen Landwirtschaft, für die Erhaltung gefährdeter Stammvorkommen und für die Bildung kultureller Identitäten und 2) testet das Projekt Modelle für die Evolution unserer Baumkulturen, wobei es hypothetisch auf der Idee aufbaut, dass die Samenverbreitung entlang der Seidenstraße direkt zu den großfruchtigen Hybriden führte, die wir heute in unseren Lebensmittelgeschäften sehen.</p> <figure class='image-extension pull-center' data-description='Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen.' data-picture='base64;<picture class="" data-iesrc="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--2364542196133229ce8c47aa939c0457a3b5c286" data-alt="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." data-class=""><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--ea59c98d5d8d0de7bf92b8902ba19fc8d6b80899 414w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--fdef089750acf9e75aae794994e2d1d7dd4dc908 375w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--c8aaf128a3ddd333b01cc06335e6e376676e1f6a 320w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--3fae47ee5d0ac21d3d350195758ccae32649092d 411w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--53fa79553c310c8bc8766709ce6e16c4af93c1ad 480w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--cdca556d29c2592dc61fd013c5942667a72cf3e6 360w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--71b8bf0cc7d2582ef3da2982b6883c91c71293a5 828w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--0d2d2f7cd5da5d890dbb06e4a4d6d59425e6af14 750w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--9708b725e487b3b48e4e332829184897c697acd7 640w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--76418b721c18547c9be3f249401a621a6f23bcd4 822w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--87927626d40a429f35bd089dbe4b1bf89b450dce 960w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--8673cfbb6e903fea18069b833e1e5e6fb5d8465d 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--7725ad55cf85929f44d48bd8cf08e97baf6c09ad 414w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--d8ebd784488fae51aeed181f5587bc64eec29e19 375w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--447bf3c99a39d412a9ff823339060aaf3c359743 320w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--2f601e7bca53677fee661cf5b1f8b923af52dfb2 411w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--27addef320409c543c0227517364c5d21786e20d 480w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--72428731286e435f3ea0b7badaa520d534c16726 360w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--5bf2b657df88a04879938c6247c37f877b22d87b 828w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--70ad6b3865e6c14a06f650d05878cdaeed66dcb5 750w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--1a44eeab92cc8a16667c3537e64621820610d331 640w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--5188ab21b33119d468245f0201a40fa33da3b7f2 822w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--085e03883b74ef18486da22a9913965fe1b3756c 960w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--480f9d6d918f8c95eb3ebae872dd35a6e9e5b123 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--e213624339490175abdf6b9f6c0db104ea970dd6 900w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--476b0c319ee4705ed83d42f29c0d064e16a4a382 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--1cbb006d9a53d58a451ea0482533022c5d66c20f 900w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--924a2eaf68050729ee0155f6f462201388126c62 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--4e171e44aa91fd150efe6091d3cecc69f0a33b4e 1200w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--f58902963fe388d3c018f25ee93881f409b7cb72 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--f4f64d8f1746815bed053c382af612a26825c80c 1200w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--5c1e82f5e29531ef3b735054b4da255fd442cacc 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--5ecb958f6774eb9236022f7c3ae36fbca04903a1 1400w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--4b345e8075cf83faf048f7209956170d015b814d 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--2364542196133229ce8c47aa939c0457a3b5c286 1400w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--1a989624da926e73a73b7072f684bde04e9e0b0c 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/jpeg" /><img alt="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." class="" title="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." src="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--2364542196133229ce8c47aa939c0457a3b5c286" /></picture>'> <div data-href="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODAwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjYwMCwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--70e5fce6c7084ae2e446becda3d9afd75c4a047e " class="figure-link mpg-icon hidden-print" title="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht"> <div class="mpg-image-frame-relative" style="aspect-ratio: 6000 / 4000;"> <picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--ebb87a11f2c28aa407d3902d83ae870a095e1365" data-alt="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--ea59c98d5d8d0de7bf92b8902ba19fc8d6b80899 414w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--fdef089750acf9e75aae794994e2d1d7dd4dc908 375w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--c8aaf128a3ddd333b01cc06335e6e376676e1f6a 320w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--3fae47ee5d0ac21d3d350195758ccae32649092d 411w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--53fa79553c310c8bc8766709ce6e16c4af93c1ad 480w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--cdca556d29c2592dc61fd013c5942667a72cf3e6 360w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--71b8bf0cc7d2582ef3da2982b6883c91c71293a5 828w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--0d2d2f7cd5da5d890dbb06e4a4d6d59425e6af14 750w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--9708b725e487b3b48e4e332829184897c697acd7 640w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--76418b721c18547c9be3f249401a621a6f23bcd4 822w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--87927626d40a429f35bd089dbe4b1bf89b450dce 960w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--8673cfbb6e903fea18069b833e1e5e6fb5d8465d 720w" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--7725ad55cf85929f44d48bd8cf08e97baf6c09ad 414w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--d8ebd784488fae51aeed181f5587bc64eec29e19 375w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--447bf3c99a39d412a9ff823339060aaf3c359743 320w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--2f601e7bca53677fee661cf5b1f8b923af52dfb2 411w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--27addef320409c543c0227517364c5d21786e20d 480w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--72428731286e435f3ea0b7badaa520d534c16726 360w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--5bf2b657df88a04879938c6247c37f877b22d87b 828w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--70ad6b3865e6c14a06f650d05878cdaeed66dcb5 750w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--1a44eeab92cc8a16667c3537e64621820610d331 640w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--5188ab21b33119d468245f0201a40fa33da3b7f2 822w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--085e03883b74ef18486da22a9913965fe1b3756c 960w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--480f9d6d918f8c95eb3ebae872dd35a6e9e5b123 720w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--8fe6431e49feb70659c01a0a530efe23987a7f45 751w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--36326111810cde2ac1473a9c12c87993c67f945a 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--ffb5f13a92a7b0bb0158dd8bc44bdc497d875416 751w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--37cc6ca4021897f041509b640d29bd19c95ca83b 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--4609ffec62520d399b638c0acbf7e1f0e5afdf50 698w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--164a5d063a13aee86d93e5bd825b8e649d67ddb8 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--42ab4b82f6f4d76eea70848bcfa60503c62a9a14 698w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--aaf5e39d07277191e0a0971f4958ca4726c23140 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--b47b6e14e9a6089a409c2927f57a58cb285898f0 848w, /1471409/original-1683796466.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNDA5fQ%3D%3D--773a4cce8219ce5304c81abc2447a4a89b6ac5bb 1696w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--ebb87a11f2c28aa407d3902d83ae870a095e1365 848w, /1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--5b826e66cc966d726f868752d9c4a48ecd0d2aba 1696w" /><img alt="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." data-src="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTQwOX0%3D--ebb87a11f2c28aa407d3902d83ae870a095e1365" class="img-responsive" title="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture> <div class="expand_icon" tabindex="0" role="button" title="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht" aria-label="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht"> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="visible-print-block mb-1 banner deferred-picture" alt="Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen." data-src="/1471409/original-1683796466.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQ2LCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE0MDl9--274dd7eeb5c0b51245a63a56f2267f9ec73220e0"> <figcaption class="figure-caption banner"> <div class="description hidden-print" id="description_1471387"> <p>Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen.</p> </div> <p class="copyright hidden-print" id="copyright_1471387"> © Robert Spengler </p> <div class="description visible-print"> Der Blick über die Rabat oder Karawanserei in Paykend auf die alte Zitadelle der Stadt. Im Rahmen des FEDD-Projekts wurden 2019 an diesem Standort Sedimentproben für archäobotanische Analysen entnommen. </div> <div class="copyright visible-print"> © Robert Spengler </div> </figcaption> </figure> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('Fouc',function(){ var selector = "#description_1471387"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 120, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); var selector = "#copyright_1471387"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 120, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script><p>Die Seidenstraße ist ein schwer zu fassendes Konzept für Archäolog:innen, Historiker:innen und eine Reihe von anderen Forschenden. <span lang="EN-US">Sie war nie eine klar zu erkennende Straße und hat keine feste Richtung. In prähistorischen Zeiten kann man sie sich am besten als einen Korridor der Ausbreitung vorstellen, in dem die Menschen nach und nach ihre Ideen über die Gebirgsausläufer verbreiteten. In historischen Zeiten kann man sich die Seidenstraße am besten als einen Prozess des zunehmenden Austauschs vorstellen, mit immer stabileren Marktzentren und weit entfernten Warenquellen. Auf diese Weise bildete sich bis vor zwei Jahrtausenden das größte Handelsnetz der antiken Welt heraus, das die unterschiedlichen Enden des riesigen eurasischen Superkontinents miteinander verband und so die imperialen Zentren Ost- und Südwestasiens miteinander verband.</span></p><p>Der organisierte Handel, einschließlich militärischer Außenposten und staatlicher Besteuerung, entlang der Seidenstraße geht auf die Han-Dynastie im zweiten Jahrhundert vor Christus zurück. <span lang="EN-US">Der Austausch von Waren, Ideen, kulturellen Praktiken und Genen durch die weiten Wüsten- und Gebirgslandschaften dieser Region geht jedoch mindestens auf das dritte Jahrtausend vor Christus zurück. Dieser Fluss kultureller Merkmale durch Zentralasien in den letzten viereinhalb Jahrtausenden war eine wichtige Triebkraft für die Entwicklung der Kulturen in der Alten Welt und prägte die Küchen rund um den Globus.</span></p><p>Mit der zunehmenden Anwendung moderner wissenschaftlicher Archäologie, insbesondere archäobotanischer Methoden, in Zentralasien in den letzten zehn Jahren wird die Bedeutung der Landwirtschaft für die früheren Völker des östlichen Zentralasiens immer deutlicher. <span lang="EN-US">Darüber hinaus hat die Ausbreitung bestimmter Kulturpflanzen und -sorten durch die Gebirgstäler Zentralasiens die landwirtschaftlichen Systeme in Europa und Asien direkt verändert, indem Kulturpflanzen wie Hirse in Europa und Weizen in China eingeführt wurden. Die archäobotanische Verfolgung des Weges, den die Pflanzen auf ihrer langen Reise durch Zentralasien zurückgelegt haben, hilft uns zu verstehen, wie diese Nahrungsmittel schließlich auf unseren heutigen Tellern landeten.</span></p> <figure class='image-extension pull-center' data-description='Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen.' data-picture='base64;<picture class="" data-iesrc="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--8a36cff758fb427026022b2972ff1b8febcc071b" data-alt="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." data-class=""><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--0dcb6bffde8f99ab4e7db349d3b12857adec858e 414w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--6b1aa0291c6eae8c95b8e229cf28afd4e97df70c 375w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--baa77275040c0de55c19872d43dd66a5053a2b45 320w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--428ea95b8e372556a826c52cbbacdc7b6f60aee3 411w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--31de133f2280aec3d485a9e866f2b69ca33caf05 480w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--866c59df1c637d6e42c48a02d4eb2091f148c086 360w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--f443233fb3279703dfda3a2f8e64b0690aaf8a23 828w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--e1843619ac7588c5ce2674e774bf50ccc0302b3c 750w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--bd921763fa7d433d0c998596edf4958afa550c7c 640w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--cc190e2a74692120f27ea7300dc8a408cb4ab116 822w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--990dd0d4374369d9da2d2fba0ad8c384dbe11bc7 960w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--528d288ca8e56094a67190f1d28c7dff35650c25 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--0ab214f57cb357f1da91edd0e63b4958eb124359 414w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--0fc962accdb3e276b9bce71b6ebc3e9fad6457a7 375w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--5664cdfa2c29385689291125d32f340e5ac16648 320w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--a91b17ec45a12f29a7a6bc7f19a17e89b8e0faba 411w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--12d5f0821e1c0a5161d892e0913e7b96890606e6 480w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--3d61121f4ced122df25c23254c3924e2f4a824d6 360w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--8598bf44be5c2c51d4bf1528d7977e5a2847a6ad 828w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--e0b54830eed7555648ac1adbc0a8998c706038ea 750w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--81aa4c5ccc4f87dbc82feb166bcbdf3c9a0aef72 640w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--47fdbfc0cd039b2180ae52bf956643f9a4b28007 822w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--6c12c993050cd42e3217c3832903740d8760b5b3 960w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--5cdaaa323beb7aed8e7bb5e31bbdbf1a94440459 720w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--d9dd4b7944c6af4b2ef01c36600e88f8a54492d6 900w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--fa560f6bc10d2dea18512b013ee9307bf65b4d1f 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTAwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--393bcd1411a3a619b5c0bab08cba86ae467c81ff 900w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--01dca5bd5e2ea4c0e82e1a384e4947db4facf651 1800w" sizes="900px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--61ccb0c6485343d38f2a6fd69217e73dc3abb73f 1200w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--84c76f28e1aa59c9d41b707aedf8db68fc8081c1 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTIwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--4779879ee4b3f7c9e1da2f8b15c36b85a0853482 1200w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--a78375289ca3dc097032f05978f74464eff78183 2400w" sizes="1200px" type="image/jpeg" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwicXVhbGl0eSI6ODYsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--aa4dbbaa644358eaabe38354156ed190f6ef59ff 1400w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--1758a7792a8bbfdafb839ac32520107c33b25def 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/webp" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--8a36cff758fb427026022b2972ff1b8febcc071b 1400w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjgwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--22d55278f71ebf82b59f7eafe55b2210d5201eb2 2800w" sizes="1400px" type="image/jpeg" /><img alt="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." class="" title="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." src="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTQwMCwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--8a36cff758fb427026022b2972ff1b8febcc071b" /></picture>'> <div data-href="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODAwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjYwMCwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--4b30245b85fd973406444047b60aacf885de923e " class="figure-link mpg-icon hidden-print" title="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht"> <div class="mpg-image-frame-relative" style="aspect-ratio: 4032 / 3024;"> <picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--40ef272f8f9dbf4db50ee549baf6808ba668e498" data-alt="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--0dcb6bffde8f99ab4e7db349d3b12857adec858e 414w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--6b1aa0291c6eae8c95b8e229cf28afd4e97df70c 375w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--baa77275040c0de55c19872d43dd66a5053a2b45 320w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--428ea95b8e372556a826c52cbbacdc7b6f60aee3 411w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--31de133f2280aec3d485a9e866f2b69ca33caf05 480w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--866c59df1c637d6e42c48a02d4eb2091f148c086 360w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--f443233fb3279703dfda3a2f8e64b0690aaf8a23 828w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--e1843619ac7588c5ce2674e774bf50ccc0302b3c 750w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--bd921763fa7d433d0c998596edf4958afa550c7c 640w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--cc190e2a74692120f27ea7300dc8a408cb4ab116 822w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--990dd0d4374369d9da2d2fba0ad8c384dbe11bc7 960w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--528d288ca8e56094a67190f1d28c7dff35650c25 720w" /><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--0ab214f57cb357f1da91edd0e63b4958eb124359 414w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--0fc962accdb3e276b9bce71b6ebc3e9fad6457a7 375w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--5664cdfa2c29385689291125d32f340e5ac16648 320w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDExLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--a91b17ec45a12f29a7a6bc7f19a17e89b8e0faba 411w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDgwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--12d5f0821e1c0a5161d892e0913e7b96890606e6 480w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--3d61121f4ced122df25c23254c3924e2f4a824d6 360w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODI4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--8598bf44be5c2c51d4bf1528d7977e5a2847a6ad 828w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--e0b54830eed7555648ac1adbc0a8998c706038ea 750w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjQwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--81aa4c5ccc4f87dbc82feb166bcbdf3c9a0aef72 640w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODIyLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--47fdbfc0cd039b2180ae52bf956643f9a4b28007 822w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTYwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--6c12c993050cd42e3217c3832903740d8760b5b3 960w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--5cdaaa323beb7aed8e7bb5e31bbdbf1a94440459 720w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--8b8dd491af55d80893f4a741604d349e8a759067 751w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--e5a7d06e6fa88994ad4a36d071f76681eea7e439 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="751px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NzUxLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--3862b35cde9556241917043d44f8082ee898c575 751w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTUwMiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--b2374b15365ac4eabc7db5b0e873a770d1615dbb 1502w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--614d400beb62aacde0260d03ec6a027a8158a506 698w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--43aea2b46d9ab8f825c313cda7ab1b78f0fc667e 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="698px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Njk4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--8816d12a5a8d8ad969621990e91a69b9636627a6 698w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTM5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--b9e83253bd3e4ce14ba9e73cdae24172c33298ff 1396w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5Ijo4Niwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--273fa118a174815fd881c911aa5e3ac883f24edd 848w, /1471558/original-1683873038.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJ3ZWJwIiwib2JqX2lkIjoxNDcxNTU4fQ%3D%3D--fa251fe3d86749d3ae2c1085d7ac31c8f4b22b6c 1696w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="848px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--40ef272f8f9dbf4db50ee549baf6808ba668e498 848w, /1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTY5NiwiZmlsZV9leHRlbnNpb24iOiJqcGciLCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--ed947764ba408ea48c29875cb8608605b0f7c93b 1696w" /><img alt="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." data-src="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTQ3MTU1OH0%3D--40ef272f8f9dbf4db50ee549baf6808ba668e498" class="img-responsive" title="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture> <div class="expand_icon" tabindex="0" role="button" title="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht" aria-label="öffnet vergrößerte Ansicht"> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="visible-print-block mb-1 banner deferred-picture" alt="Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen." data-src="/1471558/original-1683873038.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MjQ2LCJvYmpfaWQiOjE0NzE1NTh9--1a85389c7f420c6589ab37a0bedd16d0464d95a0"> <figcaption class="figure-caption banner"> <div class="description hidden-print" id="description_1471531"> <p>Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen.</p> </div> <div class="description visible-print"> Viele der historischen Obstsorten, die die Händler vor einem Jahrtausend vermarkteten, werden heute auf den Märkten in Zentralasien verkauft. Das FEDD-Projekt versucht herauszufinden, wann und woher diese Früchte erstmals auf die Basare kamen. </div> </figcaption> </figure> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('Fouc',function(){ var selector = "#description_1471531"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 800, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); var selector = "#copyright_1471531"; $(selector).expander({ slicePoint: 120, expandText: '[mehr]', // default is 'read more' userCollapseText: '[weniger]', // default is 'read less' beforeExpand: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); }, // hack for display-inline onCollapse: function() {$(this).find(".details").toggleClass("expanded"); } // hack for display-inline }); }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script><p>Das FEDD-Team verfolgt den Weg vieler bekannter Kulturpflanzen, insbesondere von Baumfrüchten, bei ihrer Verbreitung in der Alten Welt. <span lang="EN-US">Einige Beispiele für die Studien, an denen dieses Projektteam arbeitet, sind: wie und wann sich Äpfel von Zentralasien aus in Richtung China und Europa ausbreiteten; wann sich Pfirsiche und Aprikosen in der Alten Welt verbreiteten; und wann und von wo aus sich Melonen verbreiteten. Um diese Verbreitungsprozesse zu verstehen, arbeitet Dr. Spengler mit vielen der interessantesten archäologischen Ausgrabungen zusammen, die derzeit in ganz Zentralasien durchgeführt werden. Diese Projekte erstrecken sich geografisch von der Mongolei bis nach Pakistan und zeitlich vom späten Pleistozän bis zu den mongolischen Eroberungen. Die Verknüpfung von Textzeugnissen mit einem wachsenden archäobotanischen Datensatz ermöglicht es dem Team zu erforschen, wie die Seidenstraße die Art und Weise, wie wir essen, geprägt hat.</span></p><p>Verfolgen Sie die laufenden Forschungsarbeiten und aktuellen Veröffentlichungen unter: <span lang="EN-US"><a class="external" href="https://robertnspengler.com/">https://robertnspengler.com/</a></span></p><p><strong>Zugehörige Publikationen:</strong></p><p>Spengler, R. N., III, Roberts, P., Boivin, N., & Petraglia, M. In Prep. Bearing Fruit: Miocene apes and apple evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III. In Review. Anthropogenic Seed Dispersal: Rethinking the origins of plant domestication. Trends in Plant Science.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III, A. Ventresca Miller, T. Schmaus, G. Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute, B. K. Miller, S. Wilkin, W. Taylor, Y. Li, A. Harude, P. Roberts, & N. Boivin. In Press. An imagined past? Nomadic narratives in Central Eurasian Archaeology. Current Anthropology.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III. 2019a. Fruits from the Sands: The Silk Road origins of the food we eat. Berkeley: University of California Press.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III. 2019b. Origins of the Apple: The Role of Megafaunal Mutualism in the Domestication of Malus and Rosaceous Trees. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10(617):1-18.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III, A. Ventresca Miller, T. Schmaus, G. Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute, B. K. Miller, S. Wilkin, W. Taylor, Y. Li, A. Harude, P. Roberts, N. Boivin. In press. An imagined past? Nomadic narratives in Central Eurasian Archaeology. Current Anthropology.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III, & Mueller, N. 2019 Grazing Animals Drove Domestication of Grain Crops. Nature Plants. 5: 656–662.</p><p>Spengler, R. N. III., Miller, N. F., Neef, R., Tourtellotte, P. A., & Chang, C. 2017. Linking agriculture and exchange to social developments of the Central Asian Iron Age. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 48: 295–308.</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III., de Nigris, I., Cerasetti, B., Carra, M., & Rouse, L. M. 2016a. The breadth of dietary economy in Bronze Age Central Asia: Case study from Adji Kui 1 in the Murghab region of Turkmenistan. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</p><p>Spengler, R. N., III., Tarasov, P. E., & Wagner, M. 2016b. Introduction to the Special Issue: Introduction and intensification of agriculture in Central Eurasia and adjacent regions. Holocene 26(10): 1523–1526.</p> </div> </article> </main> <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9"> <div class="sidebar-slider"> <div class="side-nav-scroller"> </div> </div> <div class="group-extension"> <div class="h3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" id="group_button_content_right_0" aria-controls="group_region_content_right_0"> Mitglieder der Projektgruppe <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i> </div> <div class="wrapper-mobile" role="region" id="group_region_content_right_0" aria-labelledby="group_button_content_right_0"> </div> </div> <div class="group-extension"> <div class="h3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" id="group_button_content_right_35" aria-controls="group_region_content_right_35"> Zugehörige Projekte (Informationen in englischer Sprache) <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i> </div> <div class="wrapper-mobile" role="region" id="group_region_content_right_35" aria-labelledby="group_button_content_right_35"><div class="text_block text-block-extension"><ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.shh.mpg.de/331882/Spengler-First-Farmers-of-Inner-Asia" title="First Farmers of Inner Asia">First Farmers of Inner Asia </a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.shh.mpg.de/Dairing-in-Central-Asia" title="Dairying-in-Ancient-Central-Asia">Origins of Dairying in Ancient Central Asia Project</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="group-extension"> <div class="h3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" id="group_button_content_right_42" aria-controls="group_region_content_right_42"> Projektfinanzierung <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i> </div> <div class="wrapper-mobile" role="region" id="group_region_content_right_42" aria-labelledby="group_button_content_right_42"><div class="text_block text-block-extension"><p><span><span><span><span><span>Dieses Projekt wird durch den ERC-Starting-Grant FEDD (851102) und die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft finanziert. Weitere Mittel wurden vom Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, dem Deutschen Archäologischen Institut, der Wenner-Gren-Stiftung (Gr. CONF-673), der Volkswagen- und der Mellon-Stiftung, I-CARES und der Washington University in St. Louis bereitgestellt.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="group-extension"> <div class="h3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" id="group_button_content_right_49" aria-controls="group_region_content_right_49"> Danksagung <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i> </div> <div class="wrapper-mobile" role="region" id="group_region_content_right_49" aria-labelledby="group_button_content_right_49"><div class="text_block text-block-extension"><p><span><span><span><span><span>Die Laborforschung für dieses Projekt wird im Labor für Paläoethnobotanik am Max-Planck-Institut in Jena durchgeführt. Frühere Arbeiten wurden im Paläoethnobotanik-Labor der Abteilung für Anthropologie der Washington University in St. Louis unter der Leitung von Gayle Fritz und an der Freien Universität Berlin in der Abteilung Paläontologie im Labor von Pavel Tarasov durchgeführt.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap noindex"> <footer class="container-full-width green footer trngl-footer hidden-print"> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="width:100%; height:4em; overflow:visible" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path class="footer-triangle" d="M 0 1 L 1 0 L 1 1.1 L 0 1.1" fill="none"/> </svg> <div class="container invert"> <div class="row"> <div class="to-top-dummy"></div> <a id="to-top-button" class="to-top" href="#top">Top</a> <div class="col-md-12 columns-quicklinks-container"> <div class="footer-focus"> <h4 class="h3 footer-link-header" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Schnelleinstieg <style> ul#main_nav>li { margin-top:0px; } header.navbar { padding-bottom: 10px; }</style> <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/160555/library">Bibliothek</a> </li> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/stellenangebote">Stellenangebote</a> </li> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/68538/international-office">Informationen für Gäste</a> </li> <li><a class="external" href="https://social.mpdl.mpg.de/@mpi_gea"><a rel="me" href="https://social.mpdl.mpg.de/@mpi_gea">Mastodon</a></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-focus"> <h4 class="h3 footer-link-header" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Schnelleinstieg für Institutsangehörige <script src="/jquery" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$(function () {$.get("/banner_de", function (data) {$("#top").append(data);});});</script> <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://intranet.gea.mpg.de/">Intranet</a> </li> <li><a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://email.gwdg.de/owa/auth/logon.aspx?replaceCurrent=1&url=https%3a%2f%2femail.gwdg.de%2fowa%2f">Webmail</a> </li> <li><a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://shh-cloud.gnz.mpg.de/">Nextcloud</a> </li> <li><a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://ezproxy.gea.mpg.de/login">Travel Magic</a> </li> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/2471/selfservice_page">Self Service</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <ul class="quicklinks"> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://twitter.com/MPI_GEA">x</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="/68538/international-office">Anreise</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://de-de.facebook.com/shh.mpg.de/">Facebook</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="/150214/management">Kontakt</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://www.instagram.com/mpi_gea">Instagram</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://www.mpg.de/de">Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <footer class="container-full-width darkgreen institute-subfooter hidden-print"> <div class="container space-between invert"> <div class="logo"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mpg.de/de"> <div class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-logo"></div> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mpg.de/de"> <div class="copyright-text copyright-text-upper"> <span class="">Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="links"> <ul> <li><a target="_self" href="/impressum">Impressum</a></li><li><a target="_self" href="/datenschutzhinweis">Datenschutzhinweis</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright-sign"> © </div> <p class="copyright-text copyright-text-right">2025, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</p> </div> </div> </footer> <footer class="container-full-width visible-print-block"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="content"> <p>© 2003-2025, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="visible-print print-footer"> <div class="print-footer-button print-webview-toggle"> Web-Ansicht </div> <div class="print-footer-button print-page"> Seite Drucken </div> <div class="print-footer-button"> <a target="mpg_print_window" class="print-footer-button print-open-window" rel="nofollow" href="/2288630/fedd?print=yes">Im neuen Fenster öffnen</a> </div> <span class="print-estimate-label"> Geschätzte DIN-A4 Seiten-Breite </span> </div> <div id="go_to_live" class="hidden-print noindex"><a class="infobox_link" target="_blank" title="https://hs.iedit.mpg.de/2288630/fedd" rel="nofollow" href="https://hs.iedit.mpg.de/2288630/fedd">Zur Redakteursansicht</a></div> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('AMD',function(){ amdRequest() }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script> <script type="module"> var criticalCSSTest = window.localStorage && (window.localStorage.getItem("critical-css-test") == "1") window.addEventListener(criticalCSSTest ? 'ManualDOMContentLoaded' : 'DOMContentLoaded', function(event) { if(window.mainStylesheet) { var linkElement = document.createElement("link"); linkElement.rel="stylesheet"; linkElement.href=window.mainStylesheet; linkElement.media="all"; linkElement.onload = function() { document.getElementById("critical-css").remove(); } document.head.appendChild(linkElement); } if (false) { linkElement = document.createElement("link"); linkElement.rel = "stylesheet"; linkElement.href ="/assets/fonts-special-char-7274d8a728aace1da7f15ed582e09518d08e137c9df0990d5bf76c594f23be2d.css"; linkElement.media = "all"; document.head.appendChild(linkElement); } }); </script> <script type="module"> window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', (event) => { var loadingChain = [ { name:"Base", script:"/assets/mpg_base-4a97972e072e03bbaa599476d963ac1f4caf5e84fcb8c8cef812d7c958fdd5ec.js" }, { name:"Fouc", script:"/assets/mpg_fouc-715688cebeb86a46a6efb16e799c9b79a7c27aecb21adc181b18e458317fd9bb.js" } ]; loadingChain = loadingChain.concat(window.additionalDependencies || []); loadingChain.push( { name:"AMD", script:"/assets/mpg_amd-ec90cfe7c9d001dafb3b9bb06ace017e754aa3688f9faeec248aa21e2e105a87.js" }, ); var loadNext = function () { if (loadingChain.length == 0 ) { window.loadingChainProcessed = true; return; }; var nextScript = loadingChain.shift(); var scriptElement = document.createElement("script"); scriptElement.src=nextScript.script; scriptElement.setAttribute("defer",""); scriptElement.onload=function(){ document.body.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(nextScript.name)); loadNext(); } document.head.appendChild(scriptElement); }; loadNext(); }); </script> <!-- START Matomo tracking code --> <!-- For privacy details see https://www.mpg.de/datenschutzhinweis or https://www.mpg.de/privacy-policy --> <script type='module'> (function(){ var s, d = document, e = d.createElement('script'); e.type = 'text/javascript'; e.src = '//statistik.mpg.de/api.js'; e.async = true; e.onload = function () { try { var p = Piwik.getTracker('//statistik.mpg.de/api', 194); p.setCustomDimension(1, "de"); p.setCustomDimension(3, "de"); p.trackPageView(); p.enableLinkTracking(); } catch (e) {} }; s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(e, s); })(); </script><noscript><p><img src='//statistik.mpg.de/api?idsite=194&rec=1' style='border:0' alt=''/></p></noscript> <!-- END Matomo tracking code --> </body> </html>