OECD Column Archives - Competition Policy International

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head> <title>OECD Column Archives - Competition Policy International</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-json/push-notification/v2/pn-manifest-json"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/favicon.png">  <meta name="description" content="OECD Column"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/"> <link rel="next" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/page/2/"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="OECD Column Archives - Competition Policy International"> <meta property="og:description" content="OECD Column"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Competition Policy International"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/CPE_logo.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="527"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="237"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CompPolicyInt"> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#organization","name":"Competition Policy International","url":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/CompetitionPolicyInternational","https://www.instagram.com/compolinter/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/competition-policy-international/","https://twitter.com/CompPolicyInt"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CPI-LOGO-350.png","contentUrl":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CPI-LOGO-350.png","width":350,"height":66,"caption":"Competition Policy International"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#website","url":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/","name":"Competition Policy International","description":"The Global Resource for Antitrust and Competition Policy","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/#webpage","url":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/","name":"OECD Column Archives - Competition Policy International","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/#website"},"description":"OECD Column","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Columns","item":"https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"OECD Column"}]}]}</script>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s.w.org"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Competition Policy International » Feed" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/feed/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Competition Policy International » Comments Feed" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/comments/feed/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Competition Policy International » OECD Column Category Feed" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/feed/"> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.7.8"}}; !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([55357,56424,8205,55356,57212],[55357,56424,8203,55356,57212])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="cpi-ip-filter-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/ip-filter.css?ver=2.4" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mailchimpSF_main_css-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/?mcsf_action=main_css&ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all">  <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wc-blocks-vendors-style-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/packages/woocommerce-blocks/build/wc-blocks-vendors-style.css?ver=6.1.0" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wc-blocks-style-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/packages/woocommerce-blocks/build/wc-blocks-style.css?ver=6.1.0" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="contact-form-7-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.5.4" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="ccf-jquery-ui-css" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css?ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="ccf-form-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/assets/build/css/form.min.css?ver=7.8.5" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jquery-ui-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/css/jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom.css?ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jquery-ui-spinner-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/css/jquery-ui-spinner.css?ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mwd-mailchimp-frontend-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/css/frontend/mwd-mailchimp-frontend.css?ver=1.0.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mwd-font-awesome-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/css/frontend/font-awesome/font-awesome.css?ver=1.0.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mwd-animate-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/css/frontend/mwd-animate.css?ver=1.0.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mwd_googlefonts-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Oswald|Droid+Sans|Lato|Open+Sans+Condensed|PT+Sans|Ubuntu|PT+Sans+Narrow|Yanone+Kaffeesatz|Roboto+Condensed|Source+Sans+Pro|Nunito|Francois+One|Roboto|Raleway|Arimo|Cuprum|Play|Dosis|Abel|Droid+Serif|Arvo|Lora|Rokkitt|PT+Serif|Bitter|Merriweather|Vollkorn|Cantata+One|Kreon|Josefin+Slab|Playfair+Display|Bree+Serif|Crimson+Text|Old+Standard+TT|Sanchez|Crete+Round|Cardo|Noticia+Text|Judson|Lobster|Unkempt|Changa+One|Special+Elite|Chewy|Comfortaa|Boogaloo|Fredoka+One|Luckiest+Guy|Cherry+Cream+Soda|Lobster+Two|Righteous|Squada+One|Black+Ops+One|Happy+Monkey|Passion+One|Nova+Square|Metamorphous|Poiret+One|Bevan|Shadows+Into+Light|The+Girl+Next+Door|Coming+Soon|Dancing+Script|Pacifico|Crafty+Girls|Calligraffitti|Rock+Salt|Amatic+SC|Leckerli+One|Tangerine|Reenie+Beanie|Satisfy|Gloria+Hallelujah|Permanent+Marker|Covered+By+Your+Grace|Walter+Turncoat|Patrick+Hand|Schoolbell|Indie+Flower&subset=greek,latin,greek-ext,vietnamese,cyrillic-ext,latin-ext,cyrillic" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="woocommerce-layout-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-layout.css?ver=5.9.1" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="woocommerce-smallscreen-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-smallscreen.css?ver=5.9.1" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 768px)"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="woocommerce-general-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce.css?ver=5.9.1" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="woocommerce-inline-inline-css" type="text/css"> .woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wpmenucart-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-menu-cart/assets/css/wpmenucart-main.min.css?ver=2.10.1" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wordpress-popular-posts-css-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/css/wpp.css?ver=5.5.0" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="sidebar-login-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/sidebar-login/build/sidebar-login.css?ver=1706107729" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-plugin-multi-purpose-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/td-multi-purpose/style.css?ver=978887166a39c57c36d5cf4a5ec10289" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="google-fonts-style-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C600%2C700%7CRoboto%3A400%2C500%2C700%7CKarla%3A600&display=swap&ver=11" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="font_awesome-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/assets/fonts/font-awesome/font-awesome.css?ver=978887166a39c57c36d5cf4a5ec10289" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-theme-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/themes/Newspaper-child-2020/style.css?ver=1.0" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="td-theme-inline-css" type="text/css"> @media (max-width: 767px) { .td-header-desktop-wrap { display: none; } } @media (min-width: 767px) { .td-header-mobile-wrap { display: none; } } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-theme-woo-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/themes/Newspaper/style-woocommerce.css?ver=1.0" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_fonticons_ii-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-fonticons-ii.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_fonticons_fa-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-fonticons-fa.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="select2-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/select2/select2.min.css?ver=4.0.13" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_crop-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-crop.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_modal-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-modal.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_styles-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-styles.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_profile-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-profile.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_account-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-account.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_misc-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-misc.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_fileupload-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-fileupload.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_datetime-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/pickadate/default.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_datetime_date-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/pickadate/default.date.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_datetime_time-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/pickadate/default.time.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_raty-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-raty.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_scrollbar-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/simplebar.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_tipsy-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-tipsy.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_responsive-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-responsive.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="um_default_css-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-old-default.css?ver=2.1.21" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="moove_gdpr_frontend-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/dist/styles/gdpr-main.css?ver=4.6.3" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="moove_gdpr_frontend-inline-css" type="text/css"> #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content{font-family:Nunito,sans-serif}#moove_gdpr_save_popup_settings_button{background-color:#373737;color:#fff}#moove_gdpr_save_popup_settings_button:hover{background-color:#000}#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton{background-color:#73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder a.mgbutton,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder button.mgbutton,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content .gdpr-shr-button.button-green{background-color:#73a317;border-color:#73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder a.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder button.mgbutton:hover,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content .gdpr-shr-button.button-green:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close span.gdpr-icon{background-color:#73a317;border:1px solid #73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span.change-settings-button.focus-g{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #73a317;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #73a317;box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close i:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close span.gdpr-icon:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span[data-href]>u.change-settings-button{color:#73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected a span.gdpr-icon,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected button span.gdpr-icon{color:inherit}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li:hover a,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li:hover button{color:#000}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a span.gdpr-icon,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button span.gdpr-icon{color:inherit}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .gdpr-acc-link{line-height:0;font-size:0;color:transparent;position:absolute}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close:hover i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content a:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content span.change-settings-button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content u.change-settings-button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span[data-href]>u.change-settings-button,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content span.change-settings-button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content u.change-settings-button.focus-g{color:#73a317}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected a,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected button{color:#000}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected a i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected button i{color:#000}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal.gdpr_lightbox-hide{display:none} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-theme-parent-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/themes/Newspaper/style.css?ver=11" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-theme-child-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/themes/Newspaper-child-2020/style.css?ver=1.0.3c" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-legacy-framework-front-style-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newspaper/assets/css/td_legacy_main.css?ver=978887166a39c57c36d5cf4a5ec10289" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-legacy-framework-woo-style-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newspaper/assets/css/td_legacy_woocommerce.css?ver=5.7.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="td-standard-pack-framework-front-style-css" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/td-standard-pack/Newspaper/assets/css/td_standard_pack_main.css?ver=9aa5e1ff3d260687f7ac21c07b85571f" type="text/css" media="all"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/scrollspy.js?ver=2.4" id="cpi-scrollspy-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/history.adapter.jquery.js?ver=2.4" id="cpi-history-adapter-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/history.js?ver=2.4" id="cpi-history-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/common.js?ver=2.4" id="cpi-common-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cpi-autoload-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var my_ajax_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/cpi-ip-filter/assets/autoload.js?ver=2.4" id="cpi-autoload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.8.3" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ccf-form-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ccfSettings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","required":"This field is required.","date_required":"Date is required.","hour_required":"Hour is required.","minute_required":"Minute is required.","am-pm_required":"AM\/PM is required.","match":"Emails do not match.","email":"This is not a valid email address.","recaptcha":"Your reCAPTCHA response was incorrect.","recaptcha_theme":"light","phone":"This is not a valid phone number.","digits":"This phone number is not 10 digits","hour":"This is not a valid hour.","date":"This date is not valid.","minute":"This is not a valid minute.","fileExtension":"This is not an allowed file extension","fileSize":"This file is bigger than","unknown":"An unknown error occured.","website":"This is not a valid URL. URL's must start with http(s):\/\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/assets/build/js/form.min.js?ver=7.8.5" id="ccf-form-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/js/file-upload-frontend.js?ver=5.7.8" id="file-upload-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mwd_main_frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mwd_objectL10n = {"plugin_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wd-mailchimp"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wd-mailchimp/js/mwd_main_frontend.js?ver=1.0.21" id="mwd_main_frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpmenucart-ajax-assist-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpmenucart_ajax_assist = {"shop_plugin":"woocommerce","always_display":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-menu-cart/assets/js/wpmenucart-ajax-assist.min.js?ver=2.10.1" id="wpmenucart-ajax-assist-js"></script> <script type="application/json" id="wpp-json"> {"sampling_active":0,"sampling_rate":100,"ajax_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts\/v1\/popular-posts","api_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts","ID":0,"token":"ffd56b3539","lang":0,"debug":0} </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/js/wpp.min.js?ver=5.5.0" id="wpp-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-gdpr.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um-gdpr-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-json/"><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/17976"><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd"> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.7.8"> <meta name="generator" content="WooCommerce 5.9.1"> <style> #category-posts-3-internal ul {padding: 0;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item img {max-width: initial; max-height: initial; margin: initial;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-author {margin-bottom: 0;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {margin: 5px 10px 5px 0;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item:before {content: ""; clear: both;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-excerpt-more {display: inline-block;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item {list-style: none; margin: 3px 0 10px; padding: 3px 0;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-current .cat-post-title {font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase;} #category-posts-3-internal [class*=cat-post-tax] {font-size: 0.85em;} #category-posts-3-internal [class*=cat-post-tax] * {display:inline-block;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item:after {content: ""; display: table; clear: both;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item .cat-post-title {overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;white-space: initial;display: -webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp: 2;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;padding-bottom: 0 !important;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item:after {content: ""; display: table; clear: both;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {display:block; float:left; margin:5px 10px 5px 0;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-crop {overflow:hidden;display:block;} #category-posts-3-internal p {margin:5px 0 0 0} #category-posts-3-internal li > div {margin:5px 0 0 0; clear:both;} #category-posts-3-internal .dashicons {vertical-align:middle;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop img {object-fit: cover; max-width: 100%; display: block;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop-not-supported img {width: 100%;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {max-width:100%;} #category-posts-3-internal .cat-post-item img {margin: initial;} </style> <style type="text/css"> .um_request_name { display: none !important; } </style> <style> @-webkit-keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } @keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } .wpp-widget-placeholder { margin: 0 auto; width: 60px; height: 3px; background: #dd3737; background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#dd3737), color-stop(10%, #571313), to(#dd3737)); background: linear-gradient(90deg, #dd3737 0%, #571313 10%, #dd3737 100%); background-size: 200% auto; border-radius: 3px; -webkit-animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; } </style> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( 'no-js', 'js' ); </script> <style> .no-js img.lazyload { display: none; } figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading { min-width: 150px; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 400ms; transition-delay: 0ms; } </style>  <script> window.tdb_globals = {"wpRestNonce":"ffd56b3539","wpRestUrl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/","permalinkStructure":"\/%postname%\/","isAjax":false,"isAdminBarShowing":false,"autoloadScrollPercent":50}; </script> <script> window.tdwGlobal = {"adminUrl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/","wpRestNonce":"ffd56b3539","wpRestUrl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/","permalinkStructure":"\/%postname%\/"}; </script> <script> window.tdaGlobal = {"adminUrl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/","wpRestNonce":"ffd56b3539","wpRestUrl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/","permalinkStructure":"\/%postname%\/","postId":180795}; </script> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript>  <script> var tdBlocksArray = []; //here we store all the items for the current page //td_block class - each ajax block uses a object of this class for requests function tdBlock() { this.id = ''; this.block_type = 1; //block type id (1-234 etc) this.atts = ''; this.td_column_number = ''; this.td_current_page = 1; // this.post_count = 0; //from wp this.found_posts = 0; //from wp this.max_num_pages = 0; //from wp this.td_filter_value = ''; //current live filter value this.is_ajax_running = false; this.td_user_action = ''; // load more or infinite loader (used by the animation) this.header_color = ''; this.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ''; //show load more at page x } // td_js_generator - mini detector (function(){ var htmlTag = document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0]; if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 10.0") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' ie10'; } if ( !!navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv\:11\./) ) { htmlTag.className += ' ie11'; } if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Edge") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' ieEdge'; } if ( /(iPad|iPhone|iPod)/g.test(navigator.userAgent) ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-ios'; } var user_agent = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if ( user_agent.indexOf("android") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-android'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Mac OS X') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-os-x'; } if ( /chrom(e|ium)/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-chrome'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Firefox') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-firefox'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari') && -1 === navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-safari'; } if( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') ){ htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-iemobile'; } })(); var tdLocalCache = {}; ( function () { "use strict"; tdLocalCache = { data: {}, remove: function (resource_id) { delete tdLocalCache.data[resource_id]; }, exist: function (resource_id) { return tdLocalCache.data.hasOwnProperty(resource_id) && tdLocalCache.data[resource_id] !== null; }, get: function (resource_id) { return tdLocalCache.data[resource_id]; }, set: function (resource_id, cachedData) { tdLocalCache.remove(resource_id); tdLocalCache.data[resource_id] = cachedData; } }; })(); var td_viewport_interval_list=[{"limitBottom":767,"sidebarWidth":228},{"limitBottom":1018,"sidebarWidth":300},{"limitBottom":1140,"sidebarWidth":324}]; var tds_general_modal_image="yes"; var tds_video_scroll="enabled"; var tdc_is_installed="yes"; var td_ajax_url="https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?td_theme_name=Newspaper&v=11"; var td_get_template_directory_uri="https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/td-composer\/legacy\/common"; var tds_snap_menu="snap"; var tds_logo_on_sticky=""; var tds_header_style="10"; var td_please_wait="Please wait..."; var td_email_user_pass_incorrect="User or password incorrect!"; var td_email_user_incorrect="Email or username incorrect!"; var td_email_incorrect="Email incorrect!"; var tds_more_articles_on_post_enable="show"; var tds_more_articles_on_post_time_to_wait="1"; var tds_more_articles_on_post_pages_distance_from_top=0; var tds_theme_color_site_wide="#73a317"; var tds_smart_sidebar="enabled"; var tdThemeName="Newspaper"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tPrev="Previous (Left arrow key)"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tNext="Next (Right arrow key)"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tCounter="%curr% of %total%"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_ajax_tError="The content from %url% could not be loaded."; var td_magnific_popup_translation_image_tError="The image #%curr% could not be loaded."; var tdBlockNonce="4292ff2d52"; var tdsDateFormat="l, F j, Y"; var tdDateNamesI18n={"month_names":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"month_names_short":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"day_names":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"day_names_short":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]}; var td_ad_background_click_link=""; var td_ad_background_click_target=""; </script>  <style> .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .sfHover > a, .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a:after, .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a:after, .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a:after, .sf-menu > li:hover > a:after, .sf-menu > .sfHover > a:after, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:after, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover, input[type=submit]:hover, .td-read-more a, .td-post-category:hover, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-post-count, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-comments-count, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-post-count, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-comments-count, .td-404-sub-sub-title a:hover, .td-search-form-widget .wpb_button:hover, .td-rating-bar-wrap div, .dropcap, .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_controls_playlist_wrapper, .wpb_default, .wpb_default:hover, .td-left-smart-list:hover, .td-right-smart-list:hover, #bbpress-forums button:hover, .bbp_widget_login .button:hover, .td-footer-wrapper .td-post-category, .td-footer-wrapper .widget_product_search input[type="submit"]:hover, .single-product .product .summary .cart .button:hover, .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-load-more-wrap a:hover, .td-post-small-box a:hover, .page-nav .current, .page-nav:first-child > div, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, #bbpress-forums #bbp-single-user-details #bbp-user-navigation li.current a, .td-theme-slider:hover .slide-meta-cat a, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .td-scroll-up, .td-smart-list-button:hover, .td-weather-information:before, .td-weather-week:before, .td_block_exchange .td-exchange-header:before, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown ul:after, .td_block_template_9 .td-block-title:after, .td_block_template_15 .td-block-title:before, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form div.wpforms-submit-container button[type=submit], .td-close-video-fixed { background-color: #73a317; } .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item:before { border-color: #73a317 transparent transparent transparent !important; } .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_3 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title:after { background-color: #73a317; } a, cite a:hover, .td-page-content blockquote p, .td-post-content blockquote p, .mce-content-body blockquote p, .comment-content blockquote p, .wpb_text_column blockquote p, .td_block_text_with_title blockquote p, .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-list a:hover, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover, .td_quote_on_blocks, .dropcap2, .dropcap3, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-authors-name a, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-authors-name a, .td-post-next-prev-content a:hover, .author-box-wrap .td-author-social a:hover, .td-author-name a:hover, .td-author-url a:hover, .comment-reply-link:hover, .logged-in-as a:hover, #cancel-comment-reply-link:hover, .td-search-query, .widget a:hover, .td_wp_recentcomments a:hover, .archive .widget_archive .current, .archive .widget_archive .current a, .widget_calendar tfoot a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-header .bbp-reply-content span a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forums-list li a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-title:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-permalink:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-by a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-in a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .super-sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, .widget_display_replies .bbp-author-name, .widget_display_topics .bbp-author-name, .td-subfooter-menu li a:hover, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td-smart-list-dropdown-wrap .td-smart-list-button:hover, .td-instagram-user a, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover i, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-item .td-cur-simple-item, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td_block_template_2 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_6 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_7 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_8 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_10 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_12 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_13 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_14 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_15 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_16 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_17 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .td-menu-item > a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .sfHover > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-item > a, .td_outlined_btn, .td_block_categories_tags .td-ct-item:hover { color: #73a317; } a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_square_outlined:hover, a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_outlined:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-load-more-wrap a:hover, .td-post-small-box a:hover, .page-nav .current, .page-nav:first-child > div, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, .post .td_quote_box, .page .td_quote_box, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > *, .td_outlined_btn { border-color: #73a317; } .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after { border-color: #73a317 !important; } .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:before { border-color: transparent transparent #73a317 transparent; } .block-title > span, .block-title > a, .block-title > label, .widgettitle, .widgettitle:after, body .td-trending-now-title, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .wpb_tabs li.ui-tabs-active a, .wpb_tabs li:hover a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab.vc_active > a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab:hover > a, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, .td_3D_btn, .td_shadow_btn, .td_default_btn, .td_round_btn, .td_outlined_btn:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .block-title, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title, .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container { border-color: #73a317; } .td_block_wrap .td-subcat-item a.td-cur-simple-item { color: #73a317; } .td-grid-style-4 .entry-title { background-color: rgba(115, 163, 23, 0.7); } .block-title > span, .block-title > span > a, .block-title > a, .block-title > label, .widgettitle, .widgettitle:after, body .td-trending-now-title, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .wpb_tabs li.ui-tabs-active a, .wpb_tabs li:hover a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab.vc_active > a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab:hover > a, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, .td-weather-information:before, .td-weather-week:before, .td_block_exchange .td-exchange-header:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_3 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_7 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_9 .td-block-title:after, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_10 .td-block-title::before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title::before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title::after, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_14 .td-block-title, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_15 .td-block-title:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title:before { background-color: #222222; } .block-title, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title, .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title::before { border-color: #222222; } .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-block-title > *:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title::after { border-color: #222222 transparent transparent transparent; } .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item:before { border-color: #222222 transparent transparent transparent !important; } .td-menu-background:before, .td-search-background:before { background: #333145; background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -webkit-gradient(left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #333145), color-stop(100%, #6aa300)); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#333145', endColorstr='#6aa300', GradientType=0 ); } .td-mobile-content .current-menu-item > a, .td-mobile-content .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-mobile-content .current-category-ancestor > a, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap a:hover i, .td-search-close a:hover i { color: #73a317; } .td-mobile-content .td-mobile-main-menu > li > a { line-height:20px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; text-transform:uppercase; } .td-mobile-content .sub-menu a { text-transform:uppercase; } .mfp-content .td-login-button:active, .mfp-content .td-login-button:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .white-popup-block:after { background: #73a317; background: -moz-linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); background: -webkit-gradient(left bottom, right top, color-stop(0%, #73a317), color-stop(100%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8))); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); background: linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); }.td-header-style-12 .td-header-menu-wrap-full, .td-header-style-12 .td-affix, .td-grid-style-1.td-hover-1 .td-big-grid-post:hover .td-post-category, .td-grid-style-5.td-hover-1 .td-big-grid-post:hover .td-post-category, .td_category_template_3 .td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_8 .td-category-header .td-category a.td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_4 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .td_block_big_grid_9.td-grid-style-1 .td-post-category, .td_block_big_grid_9.td-grid-style-5 .td-post-category, .td-grid-style-6.td-hover-1 .td-module-thumb:after, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .sfHover > a { background-color: #73a317; } .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .cur-sub-cat, .td-mega-span h3 a:hover, .td_mod_mega_menu:hover .entry-title a, .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover, .td-header-top-menu .td-drop-down-search .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-header-top-menu .td-icon-search:hover, .td-header-wrap .result-msg a:hover, .top-header-menu li a:hover, .top-header-menu .current-menu-item > a, .top-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > a, .top-header-menu .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-social-icon-wrap > a:hover, .td-header-sp-top-widget .td-social-icon-wrap a:hover, .td_mod_related_posts:hover h3 > a, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-related-left:hover, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-related-right:hover, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-post-template-11 .td_block_related_posts .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-category-header .td-pulldown-category-filter-link:hover, .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover, .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a.td-current-sub-category, .footer-text-wrap .footer-email-wrap a, .footer-social-wrap a:hover, .td_module_17 .td-read-more a:hover, .td_module_18 .td-read-more a:hover, .td_module_19 .td-post-author-name a:hover, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .sfHover > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > li > a:hover { color: #73a317; } .td-mega-menu-page .wpb_content_element ul li a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td_category_template_8 .td-category-header .td-category a.td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_4 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .sfHover > a { border-color: #73a317; } .td-header-wrap .td-header-sp-top-widget .td-icon-font, .td-header-style-7 .td-header-top-menu .td-social-icon-wrap .td-icon-font { color: #000000; } .td-theme-wrap .td_mod_mega_menu:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .cur-sub-cat { color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-mega-menu .td-post-category:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-mega-menu .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .td-mega-menu .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover { border-color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .td-menu-item > a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .sfHover > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-menu-item > a { color: #73a317; } .td-footer-wrapper, .td-footer-wrapper .td_block_template_7 .td-block-title > *, .td-footer-wrapper .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title, .td-footer-wrapper .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter { background-color: #111111; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { background-size: cover; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { background-position: center center; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { opacity: 0.1; } .top-header-menu > li > a, .td-weather-top-widget .td-weather-now .td-big-degrees, .td-weather-top-widget .td-weather-header .td-weather-city, .td-header-sp-top-menu .td_data_time { font-size:14px; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button1, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button6:after { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2:before, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button6:before { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2 i { color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button3 { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button3:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-top, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-bottom { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button8 { background: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button1, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button6:after { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2:before, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button6:before { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2 i { color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button3 { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button3:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-top, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-bottom { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button8 { background: #73a317; } .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .sfHover > a, .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a:after, .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a:after, .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a:after, .sf-menu > li:hover > a:after, .sf-menu > .sfHover > a:after, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:after, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover, input[type=submit]:hover, .td-read-more a, .td-post-category:hover, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-post-count, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-comments-count, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-post-count, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-comments-count, .td-404-sub-sub-title a:hover, .td-search-form-widget .wpb_button:hover, .td-rating-bar-wrap div, .dropcap, .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_controls_playlist_wrapper, .wpb_default, .wpb_default:hover, .td-left-smart-list:hover, .td-right-smart-list:hover, #bbpress-forums button:hover, .bbp_widget_login .button:hover, .td-footer-wrapper .td-post-category, .td-footer-wrapper .widget_product_search input[type="submit"]:hover, .single-product .product .summary .cart .button:hover, .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-load-more-wrap a:hover, .td-post-small-box a:hover, .page-nav .current, .page-nav:first-child > div, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, #bbpress-forums #bbp-single-user-details #bbp-user-navigation li.current a, .td-theme-slider:hover .slide-meta-cat a, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .td-scroll-up, .td-smart-list-button:hover, .td-weather-information:before, .td-weather-week:before, .td_block_exchange .td-exchange-header:before, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown ul:after, .td_block_template_9 .td-block-title:after, .td_block_template_15 .td-block-title:before, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form div.wpforms-submit-container button[type=submit], .td-close-video-fixed { background-color: #73a317; } .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item:before { border-color: #73a317 transparent transparent transparent !important; } .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_3 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title:after { background-color: #73a317; } a, cite a:hover, .td-page-content blockquote p, .td-post-content blockquote p, .mce-content-body blockquote p, .comment-content blockquote p, .wpb_text_column blockquote p, .td_block_text_with_title blockquote p, .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-list a:hover, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover, .td_quote_on_blocks, .dropcap2, .dropcap3, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-authors-name a, .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-authors-name a, .td-post-next-prev-content a:hover, .author-box-wrap .td-author-social a:hover, .td-author-name a:hover, .td-author-url a:hover, .comment-reply-link:hover, .logged-in-as a:hover, #cancel-comment-reply-link:hover, .td-search-query, .widget a:hover, .td_wp_recentcomments a:hover, .archive .widget_archive .current, .archive .widget_archive .current a, .widget_calendar tfoot a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-header .bbp-reply-content span a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forums-list li a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-title:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-permalink:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-by a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-in a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .super-sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, .widget_display_replies .bbp-author-name, .widget_display_topics .bbp-author-name, .td-subfooter-menu li a:hover, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td-smart-list-dropdown-wrap .td-smart-list-button:hover, .td-instagram-user a, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover i, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover, .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-item .td-cur-simple-item, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td_block_template_2 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_6 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_7 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_8 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_10 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_12 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_13 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_14 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_15 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_16 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td_block_template_17 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .td-menu-item > a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .sfHover > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-item > a, .td_outlined_btn, .td_block_categories_tags .td-ct-item:hover { color: #73a317; } a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_square_outlined:hover, a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_outlined:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-load-more-wrap a:hover, .td-post-small-box a:hover, .page-nav .current, .page-nav:first-child > div, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, .post .td_quote_box, .page .td_quote_box, a.vc_btn-black:hover, .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > *, .td_outlined_btn { border-color: #73a317; } .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after { border-color: #73a317 !important; } .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:before { border-color: transparent transparent #73a317 transparent; } .block-title > span, .block-title > a, .block-title > label, .widgettitle, .widgettitle:after, body .td-trending-now-title, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .wpb_tabs li.ui-tabs-active a, .wpb_tabs li:hover a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab.vc_active > a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab:hover > a, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, .td_3D_btn, .td_shadow_btn, .td_default_btn, .td_round_btn, .td_outlined_btn:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .block-title, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title, .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container { border-color: #73a317; } .td_block_wrap .td-subcat-item a.td-cur-simple-item { color: #73a317; } .td-grid-style-4 .entry-title { background-color: rgba(115, 163, 23, 0.7); } .block-title > span, .block-title > span > a, .block-title > a, .block-title > label, .widgettitle, .widgettitle:after, body .td-trending-now-title, .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title, .wpb_tabs li.ui-tabs-active a, .wpb_tabs li:hover a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab.vc_active > a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab:hover > a, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, .td-weather-information:before, .td-weather-week:before, .td_block_exchange .td-exchange-header:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_3 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_7 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_9 .td-block-title:after, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_10 .td-block-title::before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title::before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title::after, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_14 .td-block-title, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_15 .td-block-title:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title:before { background-color: #222222; } .block-title, .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title, .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > *, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title::before { border-color: #222222; } .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-block-title > *:before, .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title::after { border-color: #222222 transparent transparent transparent; } .td-theme-wrap .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item:before { border-color: #222222 transparent transparent transparent !important; } .td-menu-background:before, .td-search-background:before { background: #333145; background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -webkit-gradient(left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #333145), color-stop(100%, #6aa300)); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #333145 0%, #6aa300 100%); filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#333145', endColorstr='#6aa300', GradientType=0 ); } .td-mobile-content .current-menu-item > a, .td-mobile-content .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-mobile-content .current-category-ancestor > a, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap a:hover i, .td-search-close a:hover i { color: #73a317; } .td-mobile-content .td-mobile-main-menu > li > a { line-height:20px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; text-transform:uppercase; } .td-mobile-content .sub-menu a { text-transform:uppercase; } .mfp-content .td-login-button:active, .mfp-content .td-login-button:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .white-popup-block:after { background: #73a317; background: -moz-linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); background: -webkit-gradient(left bottom, right top, color-stop(0%, #73a317), color-stop(100%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8))); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); background: linear-gradient(45deg, #73a317 0%, rgba(7,20,0,0.8) 100%); }.td-header-style-12 .td-header-menu-wrap-full, .td-header-style-12 .td-affix, .td-grid-style-1.td-hover-1 .td-big-grid-post:hover .td-post-category, .td-grid-style-5.td-hover-1 .td-big-grid-post:hover .td-post-category, .td_category_template_3 .td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_8 .td-category-header .td-category a.td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_4 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .td_block_big_grid_9.td-grid-style-1 .td-post-category, .td_block_big_grid_9.td-grid-style-5 .td-post-category, .td-grid-style-6.td-hover-1 .td-module-thumb:after, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style5 .td-header-menu-wrap .sf-menu > .sfHover > a { background-color: #73a317; } .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .cur-sub-cat, .td-mega-span h3 a:hover, .td_mod_mega_menu:hover .entry-title a, .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover, .td-header-top-menu .td-drop-down-search .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-header-top-menu .td-icon-search:hover, .td-header-wrap .result-msg a:hover, .top-header-menu li a:hover, .top-header-menu .current-menu-item > a, .top-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > a, .top-header-menu .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-social-icon-wrap > a:hover, .td-header-sp-top-widget .td-social-icon-wrap a:hover, .td_mod_related_posts:hover h3 > a, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-related-left:hover, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-related-right:hover, .td-post-template-11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item, .td-post-template-11 .td_block_related_posts .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover, .td-category-header .td-pulldown-category-filter-link:hover, .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover, .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a.td-current-sub-category, .footer-text-wrap .footer-email-wrap a, .footer-social-wrap a:hover, .td_module_17 .td-read-more a:hover, .td_module_18 .td-read-more a:hover, .td_module_19 .td-post-author-name a:hover, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span, .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > .sfHover > a, .tdm-menu-active-style3 .tdm-header.td-header-wrap .sf-menu > li > a:hover { color: #73a317; } .td-mega-menu-page .wpb_content_element ul li a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td_category_template_8 .td-category-header .td-category a.td-current-sub-category, .td_category_template_4 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .tdm-menu-active-style4 .tdm-header .sf-menu > .sfHover > a { border-color: #73a317; } .td-header-wrap .td-header-sp-top-widget .td-icon-font, .td-header-style-7 .td-header-top-menu .td-social-icon-wrap .td-icon-font { color: #000000; } .td-theme-wrap .td_mod_mega_menu:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .cur-sub-cat { color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-mega-menu .td-post-category:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-mega-menu .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover { background-color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .td-mega-menu .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover { border-color: #73a317; } .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover, .td-theme-wrap .td-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td-theme-wrap .header-search-wrap .result-msg a:hover { color: #73a317 !important; } .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .td-menu-item > a:hover, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .sfHover > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu .td-normal-menu .current-menu-item > a { color: #73a317; } .td-footer-wrapper, .td-footer-wrapper .td_block_template_7 .td-block-title > *, .td-footer-wrapper .td_block_template_17 .td-block-title, .td-footer-wrapper .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter { background-color: #111111; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { background-size: cover; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { background-position: center center; } .td-footer-wrapper::before { opacity: 0.1; } .top-header-menu > li > a, .td-weather-top-widget .td-weather-now .td-big-degrees, .td-weather-top-widget .td-weather-header .td-weather-city, .td-header-sp-top-menu .td_data_time { font-size:14px; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button1, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button6:after { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2:before, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button6:before { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button2 i { color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button3 { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button3:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-top, .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-bottom { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn1 .tds-button8 { background: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button1, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button6:after { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2:before, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button6:before { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button2 i { color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button3 { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button3:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-top, .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button7 .tdm-btn-border-bottom { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-menu-btn2 .tds-button8 { background: #73a317; } </style> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-11167465-7', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>  <style> .tdm_block_column_content:hover .tdm-col-content-title-url .tdm-title, .tds-button2 .tdm-btn-text, .tds-button2 i, .tds-button5:hover .tdm-btn-text, .tds-button5:hover i, .tds-button6 .tdm-btn-text, .tds-button6 i, .tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item i, .tdm_block_pricing .tdm-pricing-feature i, body .tdm-social-item i { color: #73a317; } .tds-button1, .tds-button6:after, .tds-title2 .tdm-title-line:after, .tds-title3 .tdm-title-line:after, .tdm_block_pricing.tdm-pricing-featured:before, .tdm_block_pricing.tds_pricing2_block.tdm-pricing-featured .tdm-pricing-header, .tds-progress-bar1 .tdm-progress-bar:after, .tds-progress-bar2 .tdm-progress-bar:after, .tds-social3 .tdm-social-item { background-color: #73a317; } .tds-button2:before, .tds-button6:before, .tds-progress-bar3 .tdm-progress-bar:after { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-btn-style1 { background-color: #73a317; } .tdm-btn-style2:before { border-color: #73a317; } .tdm-btn-style2 { color: #73a317; } .tdm-btn-style3 { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #73a317; } .tdm-btn-style3:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #73a317; } </style> <style id="tdw-css-placeholder"></style><script></script><style></style> <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-KK94CHFLLe+nY2dmCWGMq91rCGa5gtU4mk92HdvYe+M/SXH301p5ILy+dN9+nJOZ" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-ENjdO4Dr2bkBIFxQpeoTz1HIcje39Wm4jDKdf19U8gI4ddQ3GYNS7NTKfAdVQSZe" crossorigin="anonymous"> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.5/font/bootstrap-icons.css"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;500;700&display=swap">  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Playfair+Display:700,900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/themes/flex-mag-sixspoke/cpi-mini-site/cpi.css?v=36"> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script> function parseCookieHeader() { const header = document.cookie; // Split the header into individual name-value pairs var pairs = header.split(';'); // Create an object to store the cookies var cookies = {}; // Loop through the name-value pairs and store them in the object for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) { var nameValue = pairs[i].split('='); cookies[nameValue[0].trim()] = nameValue[1]; } // Return the object return cookies; } const recordLinkVisit = () => { const cookies = parseCookieHeader(); console.log('visit cookies', cookies); if (typeof cookies['cpi-org-info'] === 'undefined') return; let orgInfo = decodeURIComponent(cookies['cpi-org-info']).split(' --- '); if (orgInfo.length < 2) { orgInfo = decodeURIComponent(cookies['cpi-org-info']).split('+---+'); if (orgInfo.length < 2) { console.error('orgInfo Error: ', orgInfo); } } console.log('orgInfo', orgInfo); const orderId = orgInfo[1]; const url = `https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/tracking/record-visit.php?order=${orderId}`; const request = { url, method: 'get' } axios(request) .then(response => console.log('axios success')) .catch(error => console.error('axios error', error)); } recordLinkVisit(); </script> </head> <body class="archive category category-oecd-column category-17976 theme-Newspaper eltd-core-1.0 td-standard-pack woocommerce-no-js global-block-template-11 tdb-template td-full-layout" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-JK8DZ0VX0Q"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-JK8DZ0VX0Q'); </script><script src="//ak.sail-horizon.com/spm/spm.v1.min.js" type="text/javascript" async=""></script> <script> Sailthru.init({"customerId":"52c1db5e11d97e1dfc1f3008c316be97"}); </script> <div class="td-scroll-up td-hide-scroll-up-on-mob" style="display:none;"><i class="td-icon-menu-up"></i> </div> <div class="td-menu-background"></div> <div id="td-mobile-nav"> <div class="td-mobile-container">  <div class="td-menu-socials-wrap">  <div class="td-menu-socials"> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.instagram.com/compolinter/" title="Instagram"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/competition-policy-international/" title="Linkedin"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-linkedin"></i> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/CompPolicyInt" title="Twitter"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-twitter"></i> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://vimeo.com/competitionpolicyint" title="Vimeo"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-vimeo"></i> </a> </span> </div>  <div class="td-mobile-close"> <a href="#" aria-label="Close"><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></a> </div> </div>  <div class="td-menu-login-section"> <div class="td-guest-wrap"> <div class="td-menu-login"><a id="login-link-mob">Sign in</a></div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-mobile-content"> <div class="menu-menu-cpi-main-container"><ul id="menu-menu-cpi-main" class="td-mobile-main-menu"><li id="menu-item-173961" class="cpi-register-link menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-first menu-item-173961"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/subscription-options/">Join</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88794"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/news-home/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-92812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-category-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-92812"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/">Columns<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-88879"><a href="#">Region<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88859" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88859"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/africa/">Africa</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88786"><a title="Asia" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/asia-column/">Asia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-123733" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-123733"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/south-asia-column/">South Asia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88791"><a title="Latin America" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/latin-america-column/">Latin America</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88792"><a title="North America" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/north-america-column/">US & Canada</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88788"><a title="Europe" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/europe-column/">Europe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-89369"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oceania-column/">Oceania</a></li> <li id="menu-item-180810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-180810"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oecd-column/">OECD</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88790"><a title="ICN" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/icn-column/">ICN</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-88878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-88878"><a href="#">Topic<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88787"><a title="Cartels" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/cartel-column/">Cartels</a></li> <li id="menu-item-123743" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-123743"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/intellectual-property-column/">IP Law</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-88783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88783"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/blog-of-blogs/">Blog o’ Blogs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-184405" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-184405"><a href="#">Chronicles<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-88793"><a href="#">Antitrust<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-223438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-223438"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2023/">2023</a></li> <li id="menu-item-185697" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-185697"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2022/">2022</a></li> <li id="menu-item-144394" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-144394"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2021/">2021</a></li> <li id="menu-item-101943" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-101943"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2020/">2020</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88826"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2019/">2019</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88827"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2018/">2018</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88828"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2017/">2017</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88829"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2016/">2016</a></li> <li id="menu-item-175522" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-175522"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2015/">2015</a></li> <li id="menu-item-175523" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-175523"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-2014/">2014</a></li> <li id="menu-item-103805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-103805"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/antitrust-chronicle/antitrust-chronicle-special-editions/">Special Editions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-184407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-184407"><a>TechREG®<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-224350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-224350"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/techreg-chronicle/techreg-chronicle-2023/">2023</a></li> <li id="menu-item-188225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-188225"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/techreg-chronicle/techreg-chronicle-2022/">2022</a></li> <li id="menu-item-188226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-188226"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/techreg-chronicle/techreg-chronicle-2021/">2021</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-88882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-88882"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/media/">CPI® Media<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88855"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-audio/">Audio</a></li> <li id="menu-item-112932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-112932"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/videos/">Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-102273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-102273"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-books/">Books</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-88858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88858"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-events/">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88784" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-88784"><a href="#">Archives<i class="td-icon-menu-right td-element-after"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-88835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88835"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-journal/">CPI® Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88883"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/library-recently-published/">Library</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div>  <div id="login-form-mobile" class="td-register-section"> <script>console.log("Template: wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newspaper/parts/register.php");</script> <div id="td-login-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">  <div class="td-login-close"> <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></a> <div class="td-login-title">Sign in</div>  <div class="td-mobile-close"> <a href="#" aria-label="Close"><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></a> </div> </div> <form class="td-login-form-wrap" action="#" method="post"> <div class="td-login-panel-title"><span>Welcome!</span>Log into your account</div> <div class="td_display_err"></div> <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="username" type="text" name="login_email" id="login_email-mob" value="" required=""><label for="login_email-mob">your username</label></div> <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="current-password" type="password" name="login_pass" id="login_pass-mob" value="" required=""><label for="login_pass-mob">your password</label></div> <input type="button" name="login_button" id="login_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="LOG IN"> <div class="td-login-info-text"> <a href="#" id="forgot-pass-link-mob">Forgot your password?</a> </div> <div class="td-login-register-link"> </div> <div class="td-login-info-text"><a class="privacy-policy-link" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a></div> </form> </div> <div id="td-forgot-pass-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">  <div class="td-forgot-pass-close"> <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></a> <div class="td-login-title">Password recovery</div> </div> <div class="td-login-form-wrap"> <div class="td-login-panel-title">Recover your password</div> <div class="td_display_err"></div> <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" type="text" name="forgot_email" id="forgot_email-mob" value="" required=""><label for="forgot_email-mob">your email</label></div> <input type="button" name="forgot_button" id="forgot_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="Send My Pass"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td-search-background"></div> <div class="td-search-wrap-mob"> <div class="td-drop-down-search"> <form method="get" class="td-search-form" action="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/">  <div class="td-search-close"> <a href="#"><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></a> </div> <div role="search" class="td-search-input"> <span>Search</span> <input id="td-header-search-mob" type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off"> </div> </form> <div id="td-aj-search-mob" class="td-ajax-search-flex"></div> </div> </div> <div id="td-outer-wrap" class="td-theme-wrap"> <div class="tdc-header-wrap ">  <div class="container"> <header class="blog-header lh-1 py-3">  <div class="row flex-nowrap justify-content-between align-items-center g-1"> <div class="col col-md-3 col-lg-4 order-2 order-md-3 order-lg-1 align-self-center"> <ul class="nav col-12 col-md-auto flex-column flex-md-row justify-content-end justify-content-lg-start" id="utilityNav">   <li class="ps-2 ps-lg-0 order-1 my-auto d-none d-md-block"><p class="p-0 text-end text-md-start mb-0"><a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/account-management/" class="fw-bold text-uppercase" style="font-size:.8rem;">Verify Email</a></p> </li>   </ul>  </div> <div class="col-7 col-md-4 col-lg-4 px-2 ps-md-0 pe-md-3 order-1 order-lg-2 align-self-center"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="blog-header-logo text-dark" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi"> <img width="100%" height="50px" data-src="https://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CPI_Logo_Black-1.svg" class="img-fluid lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img src="https://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CPI_Logo_Black-1.svg" width="100%" height="50px" class="img-fluid"></noscript> </a> <div class="d-block mt-1 mt-md-0"> <small><i>A PYMNTS Company</i></small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-3 d-none d-md-block text-end text-lg-start order-md-2 order-lg-3">  <form role="search" method="get" id="" action="https://pymnts.com/" class="col-12 col-lg-auto my-auto d-none d-md-block text-end me-3"> <input type="hidden" name="post_type" value="cpi_posts"> <div class="input-group my-auto"> <input class="form-control" type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search" style="height: 38px;background: white;border: solid 1px #dee2e6;"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button type="submit" class="input-group-text" style="border-top-left-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0;"> <i class="bi bi-search"></i> </button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="col-2 col-md col-lg-auto my-auto text-end order-4"> <a class="link-white me-3 position-relative" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/cart/" role="button"> <i class="bi bi-cart fs-4"></i>  </a> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nav-scroller py-1"> <nav class="nav d-flex justify-content-start justify-content-md-evenly"> <a class="p-2 link-primary fw-bold" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/subscriptions">Pricing</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/latest-news-for-cpi/">News</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/cpi-column/">Columns</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/cpi-blog/">Blog o' Blogs</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi_category/antitrust-chronicle-2024/">Antitrust Chronicles</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi_category/techreg-chronicle-2024/">TechREG Chronicles</a>  <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/cpi-video/">Video</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-books/">Books</a> <a class="p-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-events/">Events</a> <a class="my-auto px-2 link-secondary" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-tv">CPI TV</a> <a class="my-auto px-2 link-secondary d-inline d-md-none" href="#"><i class="bi bi-search text-dark fw-bold"></i></a>   </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td-main-content-wrap td-container-wrap"> <div class="tdc-content-wrap"> <div id="tdi_1" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_2 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_2{ min-height: 0; } </style><div id="tdi_3" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_4 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_4, .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_4, .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* desktop */ @media(min-width: 1141px) { .tdi_4 { display:none !important; } } /* landscape */ @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px) { .tdi_4{ display:none !important; } } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) { .tdi_4{ display:none !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_4{ display:none !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column tdi_6 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_6{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_8 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_8{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_9" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_10 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_10, .tdi_10 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_10, .tdi_10 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_10 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column tdi_12 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_12{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_breadcrumbs tdi_13 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 tdb-breadcrumbs " data-td-block-uid="tdi_13"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_13{ margin-top:21px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdb-breadcrumbs{ margin-bottom: 11px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #747474; line-height: 18px; }.tdb-breadcrumbs a{ color: #747474; }.tdb-breadcrumbs a:hover{ color: #000; }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep{ line-height: 1; vertical-align: middle; }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg{ height: auto; }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg, .tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg *{ fill: #c3c3c3; }.single-tdb_templates.author-template .tdb_breadcrumbs{ margin-bottom: 2px; }.tdb_category_breadcrumbs{ margin: 21px 0 9px; }.search-results .tdb_breadcrumbs{ margin-bottom: 2px; }.tdi_13 .tdb-bread-sep{ font-size: 15px; margin: 0 5px; }.tdi_13, .tdi_13 a{ color: #434343; }.tdi_13 .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg, .tdi_13 .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg *{ fill: #434343; }.tdi_13 a:hover{ color: #7d7d7d; }.td-theme-wrap .tdi_13{ text-align: left; }.tdi_13{ font-size:15px !important; } </style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span><a title="" class="tdb-entry-crumb" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/">Home</a></span><i class="tdb-bread-sep td-icon-right"></i><span><a title="View all posts in Columns" class="tdb-entry-crumb" href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/">Columns</a></span><i class="tdb-bread-sep tdb-bred-no-url-last td-icon-right"></i><span class="tdb-bred-no-url-last">OECD Column</span></div></div><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/", "name": "Home" } },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/", "name": "Columns" } },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "", "name": "OECD Column" } } ] } </script><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_title tdi_14 tdb-category-title td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_14"> <style> /* custom css */ .tdb_title{ margin-bottom: 19px; }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center{ text-align: center; }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center .tdb-title-line{ margin: 0 auto; }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right{ text-align: right; }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right .tdb-title-line{ margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0; }.tdb-title-text{ display: inline-block; position: relative; margin: 0; word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 30px; line-height: 38px; font-weight: 700; }.tdb-first-letter{ position: absolute; -webkit-user-select: none; user-select: none; pointer-events: none; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); font-size: 6em; font-weight: 300; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); left: -0.36em; z-index: -1; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; }.tdb-title-line{ display: none; position: relative; }.tdb-title-line:after{ content: ''; width: 100%; position: absolute; background-color: #4db2ec; top: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; }.tdb-category-title .tdb-title-text{ text-transform: uppercase; }.tdi_14 .tdb-title-line:after{ height: 2px; bottom: 40%; }.tdi_14 .tdb-title-line{ height: 50px; }.td-theme-wrap .tdi_14{ text-align: left; }.tdi_14 .tdb-first-letter{ left: -0.36em; right: auto; }.tdi_14 .tdb-title-text{ font-size:40px !important;font-weight:400 !important;text-transform:none !important; } </style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><h1 class="tdb-title-text">OECD Column</h1><div></div><div class="tdb-title-line"></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_15 tdm-inline-block tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_15"> <style> /* custom css */ .tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text{ margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top; }.tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text .tdm-descr{ margin-bottom: 0; -webkit-transform: translateZ(0); transform: translateZ(0); }.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdm-inline-text-yes{ vertical-align: middle; }.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdm-inline-text-yes{ vertical-align: bottom; } </style><p class="tdm-descr"></p><p>Edited by <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/auragarciapabon/">Aura Garcia Pabon</a>, <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/danielwestrik/">Daniel Westrik</a> & <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/gaetanolapenta/">Gaetano Lapenta</a></p><p></p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_16" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_17 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_17, .tdi_17 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_17, .tdi_17 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_17 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column tdi_19 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_19{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_19 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_19 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_19 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_19 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_19 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_big_grid_9 tdi_20 td-grid-style-1 td-hover-1 td-big-grids td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_20"><div id="tdi_20" class="td_block_inner"><div class="td-big-grid-wrapper"> <div class="td_module_mx15 td-animation-stack td-big-grid-post-0 td-big-grid-post td-medium-thumb"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/interim-measures-in-unilateral-conduct-cases-dealing-with-uncertainty-and-risks-of-errors/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors"><img width="356" height="300" alt="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases" title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors" data-src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/shutterstock_736255099-scaled-e1676400834765-356x300.jpg" class="entry-thumb lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img width="356" height="300" class="entry-thumb" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/shutterstock_736255099-scaled-e1676400834765-356x300.jpg" alt="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases" title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors" /></noscript></a></div> <div class="td-meta-info-container"> <div class="td-meta-align"> <div class="td-big-grid-meta"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/interim-measures-in-unilateral-conduct-cases-dealing-with-uncertainty-and-risks-of-errors/" rel="bookmark" title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors">Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors</a></h3> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/caio/">Caio Mario da Silva Pereira Neto</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-02-14T13:54:54-05:00">February 14, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td_module_mx15 td-animation-stack td-big-grid-post-1 td-big-grid-post td-medium-thumb"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-policy-in-times-of-inflation/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation"><img width="356" height="300" alt="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation" title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation" data-src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_2000638391-e1674420011511-356x300.jpg" class="entry-thumb lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img width="356" height="300" class="entry-thumb" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_2000638391-e1674420011511-356x300.jpg" alt="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation" title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation" /></noscript></a></div> <div class="td-meta-info-container"> <div class="td-meta-align"> <div class="td-big-grid-meta"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-policy-in-times-of-inflation/" rel="bookmark" title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation">Competition Policy in Times of Inflation</a></h3> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/richard-may/">Richard May</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-01-22T16:18:26-05:00">January 22, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td_module_mx15 td-animation-stack td-big-grid-post-2 td-big-grid-post td-medium-thumb"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/developments-in-cartel-screening/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Developments in Cartel Screening"><img width="356" height="300" alt="Developments in Cartel Screening" title="Developments in Cartel Screening" data-src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_1751466821-scaled-e1673376254567-356x300.jpg" class="entry-thumb lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img width="356" height="300" class="entry-thumb" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_1751466821-scaled-e1673376254567-356x300.jpg" alt="Developments in Cartel Screening" title="Developments in Cartel Screening" /></noscript></a></div> <div class="td-meta-info-container"> <div class="td-meta-align"> <div class="td-big-grid-meta"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/developments-in-cartel-screening/" rel="bookmark" title="Developments in Cartel Screening">Developments in Cartel Screening</a></h3> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/despinapachnou/">Despina Pachnou</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-01-10T13:44:34-05:00">January 10, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td_module_mx15 td-animation-stack td-big-grid-post-3 td-big-grid-post td-medium-thumb"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-ten-principles-of-ex-ante-competition-regulation/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation"><img width="356" height="300" alt="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation" title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation" data-src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/shutterstock_1555738370-e1667400146979-356x300.jpg" class="entry-thumb lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img width="356" height="300" class="entry-thumb" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/shutterstock_1555738370-e1667400146979-356x300.jpg" alt="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation" title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation" /></noscript></a></div> <div class="td-meta-info-container"> <div class="td-meta-align"> <div class="td-big-grid-meta"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-ten-principles-of-ex-ante-competition-regulation/" rel="bookmark" title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation">The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation</a></h3> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/john-taladay/">John Taladay</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-11-02T09:43:03-05:00">November 2, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_21" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_22 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_22, .tdi_22 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_22, .tdi_22 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_22 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column tdi_24 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_24{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_loop tdi_25 td_with_ajax_pagination td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 tdb-category-loop-posts" data-td-block-uid="tdi_25"> <style> /* custom css */ [class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-module-container{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-module-container:before{ content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 1px; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-image-wrap{ display: block; position: relative; padding-bottom: 50%; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-image-container{ position: relative; flex: 0 0 auto; width: 100%; height: 100%; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-module-thumb{ margin-bottom: 0; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-module-meta-info{ width: 100%; padding: 13px 0 0 0; margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 1; border: 0 solid #eaeaea; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-thumb-css{ width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; background-size: cover; background-position: center center; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category, [class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-post-vid-time{ position: absolute; z-index: 2; bottom: 0; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category{ left: 0; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-post-vid-time{ right: 0; background-color: #000; padding: 3px 6px 4px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1; color: #fff; }[class*="tdb_module_loop"] .td-excerpt{ margin: 20px 0 0; line-height: 21px; }.tdb_loop .tdb-block-inner:after, .tdb_loop .tdb-block-inner .td_module_wrap:after{ content: ''; display: table; clear: both; }.tdb_loop .tdb-author-photo{ display: inline-block; }.tdb_loop .tdb-author-photo, .tdb_loop .tdb-author-photo img{ vertical-align: middle; }.tdb_loop .td-post-author-name, .tdb_loop .td-post-date, .tdb_loop .td-module-comments{ vertical-align: text-top; }.tdb_loop .entry-review-stars{ margin-left: 6px; vertical-align: text-bottom; }.tdb_loop .td-load-more-wrap, .tdb_loop .td-next-prev-wrap{ margin: 20px 0 0; }.tdb_loop .page-nav{ position: relative; margin: 54px 0 0; }.tdb_loop .page-nav a, .tdb_loop .page-nav span{ margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0; }.tdb_loop .td-next-prev-wrap a{ width: auto; height: auto; min-width: 25px; min-height: 25px; }.tdb_loop{ display: inline-block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 78px; padding-bottom: 0; overflow: visible !important; }.tdb_loop .td-module-title{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 21px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0 0 6px 0; }.tdi_25 .td-module-container{ flex-direction: column; border-color: #eaeaea; }.tdi_25 .td-image-container{ display: block; order: 0; }.ie10 .tdi_25 .td-module-meta-info, .ie11 .tdi_25 .td-module-meta-info{ flex: auto; }.tdi_25 .td-module-meta-info{ border-color: #eaeaea; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap{ width: 50%; float: left; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; }.tdi_25 .tdb-block-inner{ margin-left: -24px; margin-right: -24px; }.tdi_25 .td-module-container:before{ bottom: -20px; border-width: 0 0 1px 0; border-style: solid; border-color: #eaeaea; border-color: #eaeaea; }.tdi_25 .td-post-vid-time{ display: block; }.tdi_25 .td-post-category{ display: none; }.tdi_25 .tdb-author-photo .avatar{ width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 6px; border-radius: 50%; }.tdi_25 .td-excerpt{ display: none; column-count: 1; column-gap: 25px; font-size:16px !important; }.tdi_25 .td-audio-player{ opacity: 1; visibility: visible; height: auto; font-size: 13px; }.tdi_25 .td-read-more{ display: none; }.tdi_25 .td-author-date{ display: inline; }.tdi_25 .td-post-author-name{ display: inline-block; }.tdi_25 .td-post-date, .tdi_25 .td-post-author-name span{ display: inline-block; }.tdi_25 .entry-review-stars{ display: inline-block; }.tdi_25 .td-icon-star, .tdi_25 .td-icon-star-empty, .tdi_25 .td-icon-star-half{ font-size: 15px; }.tdi_25 .td-module-comments{ display: block; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-child(2n+1){ clear: both; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2){ margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2) .td-module-container:before{ display: none; }.tdi_25 .entry-title{ font-size:16px !important; }.tdi_25 .td-author-date, .tdi_25 .tdb-author-photo, .tdi_25 .td-post-author-name a, .tdi_25 .td-author-date .entry-date, .tdi_25 .td-module-comments a{ font-size:16px !important; }html:not([class*='ie']) .tdi_25 .td-module-container:hover .entry-thumb:before{ opacity: 0; }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) { .tdb_loop .td-module-title { font-size: 17px; line-height: 22px; } } /* landscape */ @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){ .tdi_25 .td_module_wrap{ padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; clear: none !important; padding-bottom: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 20px !important; }.tdi_25 .tdb-block-inner{ margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; }.tdi_25 .td-module-container:before{ bottom: -20px; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-child(2n+1){ clear: both !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2){ margin-bottom: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{ display: block !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2) .td-module-container:before{ display: none !important; } } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){ .tdi_25 .td_module_wrap{ padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 14px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; clear: none !important; padding-bottom: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 20px !important; }.tdi_25 .tdb-block-inner{ margin-left: -14px; margin-right: -14px; }.tdi_25 .td-module-container:before{ bottom: -20px; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-child(2n+1){ clear: both !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2){ margin-bottom: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{ display: block !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+2) .td-module-container:before{ display: none !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px){ .tdi_25 .td_module_wrap{ width: 100%; float: left; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 20px !important; }.tdi_25 .td-module-container:before{ bottom: -20px; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(1){ margin-bottom: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{ display: block !important; }.tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(1) .td-module-container:before{ display: none !important; } } </style><script>var block_tdi_25 = new tdBlock(); block_tdi_25.id = "tdi_25"; block_tdi_25.atts = '{"modules_on_row":"eyJhbGwiOiI1MCUiLCJwaG9uZSI6IjEwMCUifQ==","modules_gap":"eyJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiI0MCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMjgifQ==","modules_category":"image","show_excerpt":"none","show_btn":"none","ajax_pagination":"infinite","show_cat":"none","f_title_font_size":"16","f_meta_font_size":"16","f_ex_font_size":"16","excerpt_gap":"25","modules_divider":"solid","all_modules_space":"40","category_id":17976,"block_type":"tdb_loop","separator":"","custom_title":"","custom_url":"","block_template_id":"","title_tag":"","mc1_tl":"","mc1_title_tag":"","mc1_el":"","limit":"","offset":"","post_ids":"","sort":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","container_width":"","m_padding":"","m_radius":"","modules_border_size":"","modules_border_style":"","modules_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_divider_color":"#eaeaea","h_effect":"","image_size":"","image_height":"","image_width":"","image_floated":"no_float","image_radius":"","hide_image":"","video_icon":"","video_popup":"yes","video_rec":"","spot_header":"","video_rec_title":"- Advertisement -","video_rec_color":"","video_rec_disable":"","show_vid_t":"block","vid_t_margin":"","vid_t_padding":"","video_title_color":"","video_title_color_h":"","video_bg":"","video_overlay":"","vid_t_color":"","vid_t_bg_color":"","f_vid_title_font_header":"","f_vid_title_font_title":"Video pop-up article title","f_vid_title_font_settings":"","f_vid_title_font_family":"","f_vid_title_font_size":"","f_vid_title_font_line_height":"","f_vid_title_font_style":"","f_vid_title_font_weight":"","f_vid_title_font_transform":"","f_vid_title_font_spacing":"","f_vid_title_":"","f_vid_time_font_title":"Video duration text","f_vid_time_font_settings":"","f_vid_time_font_family":"","f_vid_time_font_size":"","f_vid_time_font_line_height":"","f_vid_time_font_style":"","f_vid_time_font_weight":"","f_vid_time_font_transform":"","f_vid_time_font_spacing":"","f_vid_time_":"","meta_info_align":"","meta_info_horiz":"content-horiz-left","meta_width":"","meta_margin":"","meta_padding":"","meta_space":"","meta_info_border_size":"","meta_info_border_style":"","meta_info_border_color":"#eaeaea","art_title":"","art_btn":"","modules_category_margin":"","modules_category_padding":"","modules_cat_border":"","modules_category_radius":"0","show_author":"inline-block","author_photo":"","author_photo_size":"","author_photo_space":"","author_photo_radius":"","show_date":"inline-block","show_modified_date":"","time_ago":"","time_ago_add_txt":"ago","show_com":"block","show_review":"inline-block","review_space":"","review_size":"2.5","review_distance":"","art_excerpt":"","excerpt_col":"1","excerpt_middle":"","excerpt_inline":"","show_audio":"block","hide_audio":"","art_audio":"","art_audio_size":"1.5","btn_title":"","btn_margin":"","btn_padding":"","btn_border_width":"","btn_radius":"","pag_space":"","pag_padding":"","pag_border_width":"","pag_border_radius":"","prev_tdicon":"","next_tdicon":"","pag_icons_size":"","f_header_font_header":"","f_header_font_title":"Block header","f_header_font_settings":"","f_header_font_family":"","f_header_font_size":"","f_header_font_line_height":"","f_header_font_style":"","f_header_font_weight":"","f_header_font_transform":"","f_header_font_spacing":"","f_header_":"","f_pag_font_title":"Pagination text","f_pag_font_settings":"","f_pag_font_family":"","f_pag_font_size":"","f_pag_font_line_height":"","f_pag_font_style":"","f_pag_font_weight":"","f_pag_font_transform":"","f_pag_font_spacing":"","f_pag_":"","f_title_font_header":"","f_title_font_title":"Article title","f_title_font_settings":"","f_title_font_family":"","f_title_font_line_height":"","f_title_font_style":"","f_title_font_weight":"","f_title_font_transform":"","f_title_font_spacing":"","f_title_":"","f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","f_cat_font_settings":"","f_cat_font_family":"","f_cat_font_size":"","f_cat_font_line_height":"","f_cat_font_style":"","f_cat_font_weight":"","f_cat_font_transform":"","f_cat_font_spacing":"","f_cat_":"","f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","f_meta_font_settings":"","f_meta_font_family":"","f_meta_font_line_height":"","f_meta_font_style":"","f_meta_font_weight":"","f_meta_font_transform":"","f_meta_font_spacing":"","f_meta_":"","f_ex_font_title":"Article excerpt","f_ex_font_settings":"","f_ex_font_family":"","f_ex_font_line_height":"","f_ex_font_style":"","f_ex_font_weight":"","f_ex_font_transform":"","f_ex_font_spacing":"","f_ex_":"","f_btn_font_title":"Article read more button","f_btn_font_settings":"","f_btn_font_family":"","f_btn_font_size":"","f_btn_font_line_height":"","f_btn_font_style":"","f_btn_font_weight":"","f_btn_font_transform":"","f_btn_font_spacing":"","f_btn_":"","mix_color":"","mix_type":"","fe_brightness":"1","fe_contrast":"1","fe_saturate":"1","mix_color_h":"","mix_type_h":"","fe_brightness_h":"1","fe_contrast_h":"1","fe_saturate_h":"1","m_bg":"","shadow_shadow_header":"","shadow_shadow_title":"Module Shadow","shadow_shadow_size":"","shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_shadow_spread":"","shadow_shadow_color":"","title_txt":"","title_txt_hover":"","all_underline_height":"","all_underline_color":"#000","cat_bg":"","cat_bg_hover":"","cat_txt":"","cat_txt_hover":"","cat_border":"","cat_border_hover":"","meta_bg":"","author_txt":"","author_txt_hover":"","date_txt":"","ex_txt":"","com_bg":"","com_txt":"","shadow_m_shadow_header":"","shadow_m_shadow_title":"Meta info shadow","shadow_m_shadow_size":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_m_shadow_spread":"","shadow_m_shadow_color":"","audio_btn_color":"","audio_time_color":"","audio_bar_color":"","audio_bar_curr_color":"","btn_bg":"","btn_bg_hover":"","btn_txt":"","btn_txt_hover":"","btn_border":"","btn_border_hover":"","nextprev_border_h":"","pag_text":"","pag_h_text":"","pag_a_text":"","pag_bg":"","pag_h_bg":"","pag_a_bg":"","pag_border":"","pag_h_border":"","pag_a_border":"","el_class":"","tdc_css":"","td_column_number":2,"header_color":"","td_ajax_preloading":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_filter_default_txt":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","color_preset":"","border_top":"","css":"","class":"tdi_25","tdc_css_class":"tdi_25","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_25_rand_style"}'; block_tdi_25.td_column_number = "2"; block_tdi_25.block_type = "tdb_loop"; block_tdi_25.post_count = "10"; block_tdi_25.found_posts = "12"; block_tdi_25.header_color = ""; block_tdi_25.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ""; block_tdi_25.max_num_pages = "2"; tdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_25); </script><div id="tdi_25" class="td_block_inner tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/interim-measures-in-unilateral-conduct-cases-dealing-with-uncertainty-and-risks-of-errors/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/shutterstock_736255099-696x500.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/interim-measures-in-unilateral-conduct-cases-dealing-with-uncertainty-and-risks-of-errors/" rel="bookmark" title="Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors">Interim Measures in Unilateral Conduct Cases: Dealing with Uncertainty and Risks of Errors</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/caio/">Caio Mario da Silva Pereira Neto</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-02-14T13:54:54-05:00">February 14, 2023</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-policy-in-times-of-inflation/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_2000638391-e1674420021727.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-policy-in-times-of-inflation/" rel="bookmark" title="Competition Policy in Times of Inflation">Competition Policy in Times of Inflation</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/richard-may/">Richard May</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-01-22T16:18:26-05:00">January 22, 2023</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/developments-in-cartel-screening/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Developments in Cartel Screening"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/shutterstock_1751466821-696x445.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/developments-in-cartel-screening/" rel="bookmark" title="Developments in Cartel Screening">Developments in Cartel Screening</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/despinapachnou/">Despina Pachnou</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-01-10T13:44:34-05:00">January 10, 2023</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-ten-principles-of-ex-ante-competition-regulation/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/shutterstock_1555738370-e1667400158184.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-ten-principles-of-ex-ante-competition-regulation/" rel="bookmark" title="The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation">The Ten Principles of Ex Ante Competition Regulation</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/john-taladay/">John Taladay</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-11-02T09:43:03-05:00">November 2, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/tackling-the-winds-of-change-market-studies-on-emerging-competition-issues/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Tackling the Winds of Change: Market Studies on Emerging Competition Issues"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Shutterstock_11160974841-e1664810908328.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/tackling-the-winds-of-change-market-studies-on-emerging-competition-issues/" rel="bookmark" title="Tackling the Winds of Change: Market Studies on Emerging Competition Issues">Tackling the Winds of Change: Market Studies on Emerging Competition Issues</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/patriciabascunana-ambros/">Patricia Bascunana-Ambros</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-10-03T10:28:57-05:00">October 3, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-in-the-energy-sector-recent-developments-in-latin-america/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Competition in the Energy Sector: Recent Developments in Latin America"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/shutterstock_2010693239-e1652200517769.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/competition-in-the-energy-sector-recent-developments-in-latin-america/" rel="bookmark" title="Competition in the Energy Sector: Recent Developments in Latin America">Competition in the Energy Sector: Recent Developments in Latin America</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/paulo-2/">Paulo da Silveira</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-05-10T11:35:31-05:00">May 10, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/does-a-drop-in-cartel-decisions-highlight-shifting-patterns-of-engagement-between-competition-agencies-and-companies/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Does a Drop in Cartel Decisions Highlight Shifting Patterns of Engagement Between Competition Agencies and Companies?"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/shutterstock_1088590142-e1650314742538.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/does-a-drop-in-cartel-decisions-highlight-shifting-patterns-of-engagement-between-competition-agencies-and-companies/" rel="bookmark" title="Does a Drop in Cartel Decisions Highlight Shifting Patterns of Engagement Between Competition Agencies and Companies?">Does a Drop in Cartel Decisions Highlight Shifting Patterns of Engagement Between Competition Agencies and Companies?</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/woutermeester/">Wouter Meester</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-04-18T15:45:53-05:00">April 18, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/sustainability-and-competition-how-competition-law-enforcement-needs-to-be-overhauled-to-achieve-sustainability-goals1/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Sustainability and Competition: How Competition Law Enforcement Needs to Be Overhauled to Achieve Sustainability Goals1"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/shutterstock_1214999107-e1647800844386.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/sustainability-and-competition-how-competition-law-enforcement-needs-to-be-overhauled-to-achieve-sustainability-goals1/" rel="bookmark" title="Sustainability and Competition: How Competition Law Enforcement Needs to Be Overhauled to Achieve Sustainability Goals1">Sustainability and Competition: How Competition Law Enforcement Needs to Be Overhauled to Achieve Sustainability Goals1</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/roman/">Roman Inderst</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-03-20T13:27:37-05:00">March 20, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/due-process-in-competition-law-enforcementthe-new-oecd-recommendation-on-transparency-and-procedural-fairness-in-competition-law-enforcement/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Due Process in Competition Law EnforcementThe New OECD Recommendation on Transparency and Procedural Fairness in Competition Law Enforcement"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/shutterstock_1822778105-696x330.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/due-process-in-competition-law-enforcementthe-new-oecd-recommendation-on-transparency-and-procedural-fairness-in-competition-law-enforcement/" rel="bookmark" title="Due Process in Competition Law EnforcementThe New OECD Recommendation on Transparency and Procedural Fairness in Competition Law Enforcement">Due Process in Competition Law EnforcementThe New OECD Recommendation on Transparency and Procedural Fairness in Competition Law Enforcement</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/despinapachnou/">Despina Pachnou</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-02-15T12:07:37-05:00">February 15, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tdb_module_loop td_module_wrap td-animation-stack"> <div class="td-module-container td-category-pos-image"> <div class="td-image-container"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/is-competition-policy-the-right-response-to-the-crisis-of-journalism/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Is Competition Policy the Right Response to the Crisis of Journalism?"><span class="entry-thumb td-thumb-css " style="background-image: url(https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/shutterstock_1891965004-e1644347933993.jpg)"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/is-competition-policy-the-right-response-to-the-crisis-of-journalism/" rel="bookmark" title="Is Competition Policy the Right Response to the Crisis of Journalism?">Is Competition Policy the Right Response to the Crisis of Journalism?</a></h3> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/matteo-giangaspero/">Matteo Giangaspero</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-02-08T14:19:08-05:00">February 8, 2022</time></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="td_ajax_infinite" id="next-page-tdi_25" data-td_block_id="tdi_25"> </div><div class="td-load-more-wrap td-load-more-infinite-wrap" id="infinite-lm-tdi_25"><a href="#" class="td_ajax_load_more td_ajax_load_more_js" aria-label="load_more" id="next-page-tdi_25" data-td_block_id="tdi_25">Load more<i class="td-icon-font td-icon-menu-down"></i></a></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_27 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_27{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_9 tdi_28 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 td-column-1 td_block_padding td_block_bot_line" data-td-block-uid="tdi_28"> <style> .td_block_template_11.widget > ul > li { margin-left: 0 !important; } .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 24px; line-height: 44px; padding: 0; position: relative; text-align: left; } .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title:before, .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title:after { content: ''; width: 100%; height: 2px; position: absolute; left: 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; } .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title:after { bottom: 100%; } .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title:before { top: 100%; } .td_block_template_11 .td-block-title > * { color: #000; } .td_block_template_11 .td-subcat-filter { line-height: 44px; display: table; } .td_block_template_11 .td-subcat-dropdown { line-height: 1; position: static; } .td_block_template_11 .td-subcat-dropdown .td-subcat-more { margin-bottom: 0 !important; } .td_block_template_11 .td-subcat-dropdown ul:after { height: 2px !important; } .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title a { margin-right: 20px; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title a{ font-size: 15px; } } .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item { color: #4db2ec; } </style><script>var block_tdi_28 = new tdBlock(); block_tdi_28.id = "tdi_28"; block_tdi_28.atts = '{"category_id":"3","sort":"popular","custom_title":"Most Read Columns","block_type":"td_block_9","separator":"","custom_url":"","block_template_id":"","m8_tl":"","post_ids":"","category_ids":"","tag_slug":"","autors_id":"","installed_post_types":"","limit":"5","offset":"","show_modified_date":"","time_ago":"","time_ago_add_txt":"ago","el_class":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","td_filter_default_txt":"All","td_ajax_preloading":"","f_header_font_header":"","f_header_font_title":"Block header","f_header_font_settings":"","f_header_font_family":"","f_header_font_size":"","f_header_font_line_height":"","f_header_font_style":"","f_header_font_weight":"","f_header_font_transform":"","f_header_font_spacing":"","f_header_":"","f_ajax_font_title":"Ajax categories","f_ajax_font_settings":"","f_ajax_font_family":"","f_ajax_font_size":"","f_ajax_font_line_height":"","f_ajax_font_style":"","f_ajax_font_weight":"","f_ajax_font_transform":"","f_ajax_font_spacing":"","f_ajax_":"","f_more_font_title":"Load more button","f_more_font_settings":"","f_more_font_family":"","f_more_font_size":"","f_more_font_line_height":"","f_more_font_style":"","f_more_font_weight":"","f_more_font_transform":"","f_more_font_spacing":"","f_more_":"","m8f_title_font_header":"","m8f_title_font_title":"Article title","m8f_title_font_settings":"","m8f_title_font_family":"","m8f_title_font_size":"","m8f_title_font_line_height":"","m8f_title_font_style":"","m8f_title_font_weight":"","m8f_title_font_transform":"","m8f_title_font_spacing":"","m8f_title_":"","m8f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","m8f_cat_font_settings":"","m8f_cat_font_family":"","m8f_cat_font_size":"","m8f_cat_font_line_height":"","m8f_cat_font_style":"","m8f_cat_font_weight":"","m8f_cat_font_transform":"","m8f_cat_font_spacing":"","m8f_cat_":"","m8f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","m8f_meta_font_settings":"","m8f_meta_font_family":"","m8f_meta_font_size":"","m8f_meta_font_line_height":"","m8f_meta_font_style":"","m8f_meta_font_weight":"","m8f_meta_font_transform":"","m8f_meta_font_spacing":"","m8f_meta_":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","css":"","tdc_css":"","td_column_number":1,"header_color":"","color_preset":"","border_top":"","class":"tdi_28","tdc_css_class":"tdi_28","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_28_rand_style"}'; block_tdi_28.td_column_number = "1"; block_tdi_28.block_type = "td_block_9"; block_tdi_28.post_count = "5"; block_tdi_28.found_posts = "662"; block_tdi_28.header_color = ""; block_tdi_28.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ""; block_tdi_28.max_num_pages = "133"; tdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_28); </script><div class="td-block-title-wrap"><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Most Read Columns</span></h4></div><div id="tdi_28" class="td_block_inner"> <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_8 td_module_wrap"> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/identifying-barriers-to-entry-a-south-african-perspective/" rel="bookmark" title="Identifying Barriers to Entry: A South African Perspective">Identifying Barriers to Entry: A South African Perspective</a></h3> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/cpi/">CPI</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2022-06-30T15:58:16-05:00">June 30, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_8 td_module_wrap"> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-rise-of-precautionary-antitrust-an-illustration-with-the-eu-google-android-decision/" rel="bookmark" title="The Rise of Precautionary Antitrust: An Illustration with the EU Google Android Decision">The Rise of Precautionary Antitrust: An Illustration with the EU Google Android Decision</a></h3> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/portuesea/">Aurélien Portuese</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2019-11-17T15:10:30-05:00">November 17, 2019</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_8 td_module_wrap"> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/avoiding-price-gouging-price-fixing-and-other-antitrust-risks-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/" rel="bookmark" title="Avoiding Price Gouging, Price Fixing and Other Antitrust Risks During the COVID-19 Pandemic">Avoiding Price Gouging, Price Fixing and Other Antitrust Risks During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a></h3> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/hittingerc/">Carl Hittinger</a>, <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/ann-marie-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2/">Ann O'Brien</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2020-04-15T13:33:20-05:00">April 15, 2020</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_8 td_module_wrap"> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/covid-19-and-competition-law-companies-must-not-quarantine-competition-law-compliance/" rel="bookmark" title="COVID-19 and Competition Law – Companies Must Not Quarantine Competition Law Compliance">COVID-19 and Competition Law – Companies Must Not Quarantine Competition Law Compliance</a></h3> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/christopher-15/">Christopher Thomas</a>, <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/christian-ritz/">Christian Ritz</a>, <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/fleischerr/">Raphael Fleischer</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2020-04-02T11:50:38-05:00">April 2, 2020</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_8 td_module_wrap"> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-commissions-burden-of-proof-in-article-1011-tfeu-evidentiary-shortcuts-cut-short/" rel="bookmark" title="The Commission’s Burden of Proof in Article 101(1) TFEU: Evidentiary Shortcuts Cut Short?">The Commission’s Burden of Proof in Article 101(1) TFEU: Evidentiary Shortcuts Cut Short?</a></h3> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/author/cleynenbreugelp/">Pieter Van Cleynenbreugel</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2019-12-12T10:18:56-05:00">December 12, 2019</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_29" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_30 wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_30, .tdi_30 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_30, .tdi_30 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_30 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_30{ padding-top:40px !important; padding-right:20px !important; padding-bottom:20px !important; padding-left:20px !important; position:relative; } .tdi_30 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left } </style> <div class="tdi_29_rand_style td-element-style"><style> .tdi_29_rand_style{ background-color:#fcfcfc !important; } </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_32 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_32{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_33 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 td-fix-index" data-td-block-uid="tdi_33"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_33{ margin-bottom:0px !important; } </style><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Columns</span></h4></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_horiz_menu tdi_34 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 tdb-header-align" data-td-block-uid="tdi_34" style=" z-index: 999;"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_34{ margin-top:15px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdb-header-align{ vertical-align: middle; }.tdb_mobile_horiz_menu{ margin-bottom: 0; clear: none; }.tdb_mobile_horiz_menu.tdb-horiz-menu-singleline{ width: 100%; }.tdb_mobile_horiz_menu.tdb-horiz-menu-singleline .tdb-horiz-menu{ display: block; width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; font-size: 0; white-space: nowrap; }.tdb_mobile_horiz_menu.tdb-horiz-menu-singleline .tdb-horiz-menu > li{ position: static; display: inline-block; float: none; }.tdb_mobile_horiz_menu.tdb-horiz-menu-singleline .tdb-horiz-menu ul{ left: 0; width: 100%; z-index: -1; }.tdb-horiz-menu{ display: table; margin: 0; }.tdb-horiz-menu, .tdb-horiz-menu ul{ list-style-type: none; }.tdb-horiz-menu ul, .tdb-horiz-menu li{ line-height: 1; }.tdb-horiz-menu li{ margin: 0; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif; }.tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-item > a, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-category-ancestor > a, .tdb-horiz-menu li:hover > a, .tdb-horiz-menu li.tdb-hover > a{ color: #4db2ec; }.tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu li.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg *, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg *, .tdb-horiz-menu li.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg *, .tdb-horiz-menu li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg *, .tdb-horiz-menu li.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg *{ fill: #4db2ec; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li{ position: relative; float: left; font-size: 0; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li:hover ul{ visibility: visible; opacity: 1; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li > a{ display: inline-block; padding: 0 9px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px; line-height: 41px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; color: #000; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li > a > .tdb-menu-item-text{ display: inline-block; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{ margin: 0 0 0 6px; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{ position: relative; top: -1px; width: 13px; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep{ position: relative; }.tdb-horiz-menu > li:last-child .tdb-menu-sep{ display: none; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg, .tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep-svg{ line-height: 0; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{ height: auto; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg, .tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *, .tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg *{ fill: #000; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon{ vertical-align: middle; position: relative; top: 0; padding-left: 0; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep{ vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12px; }.tdb-horiz-menu .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{ width: 12px; }.tdb-horiz-menu ul{ position: absolute; top: auto; left: -7px; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #fff; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; }.tdb-horiz-menu ul li > a{ white-space: nowrap; display: block; padding: 5px 18px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; color: #111; }.tdb-horiz-menu ul li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{ float: right; font-size: 7px; line-height: 20px; }.tdb-horiz-menu ul li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{ width: 7px; }.tdc-dragged .tdb-horiz-menu ul{ visibility: hidden !important; opacity: 0 !important; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; }.tdi_34{ display: inline-block; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep{ font-size: 20px; top: 0px; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{ top: 0px; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-item > a, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li:hover > a{ color: #73a317; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg, .tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{ fill: #73a317; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu > li > a{ font-size:17px !important; }.tdi_34 .tdb-horiz-menu ul{ box-shadow: 1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } </style><div id="tdi_34" class="td_block_inner td-fix-index"><div class="menu-columns-container"><ul id="menu-columns" class="tdb-horiz-menu"><li id="menu-item-88861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88861"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/africa/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Africa</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88862" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88862"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/asia-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Asia</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-123735" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-123735"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/south-asia-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">South Asia</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88863"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/cartel-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Cartel</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88864"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/europe-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Europe</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88866"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/financial-services-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Financial Services</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88867"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/icn-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">ICN</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88868"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/latin-america-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Latin America</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88869"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/north-america-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">US & Canada</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-88870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-88870"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/oceania-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Oceania</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> <li id="menu-item-123742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-123742"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/columns/intellectual-property-column/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">IP Law</div></a><i class="tdb-menu-sep td-icon-vertical-line"></i></li> </ul></div></div></div><div class="wpb_wrapper td_block_separator td_block_wrap vc_separator tdi_36 td_separator_solid td_separator_center"><span style="border-color:#EBEBEB;border-width:1px;width:100%;"></span> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .td_block_separator{ width: 100%; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 38px; padding-bottom: 10px; }.td_block_separator span{ position: relative; display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; height: 1px; border-top: 1px solid #EBEBEB; }.td_separator_align_left span{ margin-left: 0; }.td_separator_align_right span{ margin-right: 0; }.td_separator_dashed span{ border-top-style: dashed; }.td_separator_dotted span{ border-top-style: dotted; }.td_separator_double span{ height: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #EBEBEB; }.td_separator_shadow > span{ position: relative; height: 20px; overflow: hidden; border: 0; color: #EBEBEB; }.td_separator_shadow > span > span{ position: absolute; top: -30px; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto; height: 13px; width: 98%; border-radius: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_36{ margin-top:40px !important; margin-bottom:50px !important; border-color:#ffffff !important; border-style:solid !important; border-width:0 !important; } </style></div><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_38 vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_38{ position: relative !important; top: 0; transform: none; -webkit-transform: none; }.tdi_38, .tdi_38 .tdc-inner-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_38 .tdc-inner-columns{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_40 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span6"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_40{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_40 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_40 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_40 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_search_form tdi_41 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_41"> <style> /* custom css */ .tdb_search_form{ margin-bottom: 40px; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-inner{ position: relative; display: flex; background-color: #fff; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-border{ position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 1px solid #e1e1e1; pointer-events: none; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-input:focus + .tdb-search-form-border{ border-color: #b0b0b0; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-input:not([value=""]) + .tdb-search-form-border + .tdb-search-form-placeholder{ display: none; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-input, .tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn{ height: auto; min-height: 32px; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-input{ position: relative; flex: 1; background-color: transparent; line-height: 19px; border: 0; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-placeholder{ position: absolute; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); padding: 3px 9px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; color: #999; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; pointer-events: none; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-input:focus + .tdb-search-form-border + .tdb-search-form-placeholder{ opacity: 0; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn{ text-shadow: none; padding: 7px 15px 8px 15px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; background-color: #222222; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; color: #fff; z-index: 1; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn:hover{ background-color: #4db2ec; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn i, .tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn span{ display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn i{ position: relative; font-size: 12px; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn .tdb-search-form-btn-icon{ position: relative; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn .tdb-search-form-btn-icon-svg{ line-height: 0; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn svg{ width: 12px; height: auto; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn svg, .tdb_search_form .tdb-search-form-btn svg *{ fill: #fff; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; }.tdb_search_form .tdb-search-msg{ font-size: 12px; }.td-theme-wrap .tdi_41{ text-align: left; }.tdi_41 .tdb-search-form-input:focus + .tdb-search-form-border + .tdb-search-form-placeholder{ top: -0%; transform: translateY(0); }.tdi_41 .tdb-search-form-btn-icon{ top: 0px; }.tdi_41 .tdb-search-msg{ margin-top: 11px; } </style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><form method="get" class="tdb-search-form" action="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/"><div role="search" class="tdb-search-form-inner"><input id="tdb-search-form-input" class="tdb-search-form-input" type="text" value="" name="s"><div class="tdb-search-form-border"></div><button class="wpb_button wpb_btn-inverse tdb-search-form-btn" aria-label="Search" type="submit"><span>Search</span></button></div></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_43 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span6"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_43{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_43 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_43 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_43 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_45 vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_45{ position: relative !important; top: 0; transform: none; -webkit-transform: none; }.tdi_45, .tdi_45 .tdc-inner-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_45 .tdc-inner-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* desktop */ @media(min-width: 1141px) { .tdi_45 { display:none !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_45{ display:none !important; } } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) { .tdi_45{ display:none !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_47 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_47{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_47 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_47 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_47 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) { .tdi_47{ display:none !important; } } /* landscape */ @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px) { .tdi_47{ display:none !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div>  <div class="d-none td-footer-page td-footer-container td-container-wrap "> <div id="tdi_48" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_49 wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_49{ min-height: 0; } </style><div id="tdi_50" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1400 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_51 wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_51, .tdi_51 .tdc-columns{ min-height: 0; }.tdi_51, .tdi_51 .tdc-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_51 .tdc-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_51{ padding-top:30px !important; position:relative; } .tdi_51 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_51{ padding-top:20px !important; } } </style> <div class="tdi_50_rand_style td-element-style"><style> .tdi_50_rand_style{ background-color:#000000 !important; } </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_53 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_53{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_53 > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_53 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_53 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; }.tdi_53 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{ width: auto; }.tdi_53 > .wpb_wrapper{ width: auto; height: auto; } </style><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_55 vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_55{ position: relative !important; top: 0; transform: none; -webkit-transform: none; }.tdi_55, .tdi_55 .tdc-inner-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_55 .tdc-inner-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_55{ margin-right:0px !important; margin-left:0px !important; padding-bottom:26px !important; } .tdi_55 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) { .tdi_55{ margin-left:0px !important; } } /* landscape */ @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px) { .tdi_55{ margin-left:0px !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_57 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_57{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_57 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_57 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_57 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_57{ padding-right:50px !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_58 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_58"> <style> /* custom css */ .tdm_block_column_title{ margin-bottom: 0; display: inline-block; width: 100%; } </style><div class="td-block-row"><div class="td-block-span12 tdm-col"> <style> body .tdi_59 .tdm-title{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_59 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:28px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){ .tdi_59 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px){ .tdi_59 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:20px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } </style><div class="tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_59"><h3 class="tdm-title tdm-title-xxsm">About CPI</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_list tdi_60 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 tdm-list-with-icons" data-td-block-uid="tdi_60"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_60{ margin-top:-16px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdm_block_list .tdm-list-items{ margin: 0; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #666; }.tdm_block_list.tdm-content-horiz-center .tdm-list-item{ margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }.tdm_block_list.tdm-content-horiz-right .tdm-list-item{ margin-right: 0; margin-left: auto; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item{ margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item:after{ content: ''; display: table; clear: both; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item .tdm-list-icon{ vertical-align: middle; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item i{ position: relative; float: left; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; color: #4db2ec; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item .tdm-list-icon-svg{ margin-top: -3px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item svg{ width: 15px; height: auto; }.tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item svg, .tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item svg *{ fill: #4db2ec; }.tdm_block_list.tdm-list-with-icons .tdm-list-item{ list-style-type: none; }.tdi_60 .tdm-list-text, .tdi_60 .tdm-list-text a{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_60 .tdm-list-item i{ color: #73a317; }.tdi_60 .tdm-list-item svg, .tdi_60 .tdm-list-item svg *{ fill: #73a317; }.tdi_60 .tdm-list-item .tdm-list-icon{ margin-right: 11px; }.tdi_60 .tdm-list-item{ font-size:16px !important;line-height:1.4 !important; } </style><div class="tdm-col td-fix-index"><ul class="tdm-list-items"><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/about-us/">More about us</a></span></li><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a></span></li><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/our-editorial-policy/">Our Editorial Policy</a></span></li><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/editorial-advisory-board/">Editorial Advisory Board</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_62 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_62{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_62 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_62 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_62 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_62{ padding-right:50px !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_63 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_63"><div class="td-block-row"><div class="td-block-span12 tdm-col"> <style> body .tdi_64 .tdm-title{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_64 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:28px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){ .tdi_64 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px){ .tdi_64 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:20px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } </style><div class="tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_64"><h3 class="tdm-title tdm-title-xxsm">Get Started</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_list tdi_65 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11 tdm-list-with-icons" data-td-block-uid="tdi_65"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_65{ margin-top:-16px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdi_65 .tdm-list-text, .tdi_65 .tdm-list-text a{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_65 .tdm-list-item i{ color: #73a317; }.tdi_65 .tdm-list-item svg, .tdi_65 .tdm-list-item svg *{ fill: #73a317; }.tdi_65 .tdm-list-item .tdm-list-icon{ margin-right: 11px; }.tdi_65 .tdm-list-item{ font-size:16px !important;line-height:1.4 !important; } </style><div class="tdm-col td-fix-index"><ul class="tdm-list-items"><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/contact/">Contact us</a></span></li><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/promote-with-us/">Advertise with us</a></span></li><li class="tdm-list-item"><i class="tdm-list-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-angle-right"></i><span class="tdm-list-text"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/how-to-whitelist-emails-from-cpi/">Whitelist Us</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_67 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_67{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_67{ padding-right:50px !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_68 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_68"><div class="td-block-row"><div class="td-block-span12 tdm-col"> <style> body .tdi_69 .tdm-title{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_69 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:28px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){ .tdi_69 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:20px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px){ .tdi_69 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:20px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } </style><div class="tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_69"><h3 class="tdm-title tdm-title-xxsm">Stay Connected</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_socials tdi_70 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_70"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_70{ margin-top:-16px !important; margin-bottom:0px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdm_block.tdm_block_socials{ margin-bottom: 0; }.tdm-social-wrapper{ *zoom: 1; }.tdm-social-wrapper:before, .tdm-social-wrapper:after{ display: table; content: ''; line-height: 0; }.tdm-social-wrapper:after{ clear: both; }.tdm-social-item-wrap{ display: inline-block; }.tdm-social-item{ position: relative; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s; text-align: center; -webkit-transform: translateZ(0); transform: translateZ(0); }.tdm-social-item i{ font-size: 14px; color: #4db2ec; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s; }.tdm-social-text{ display: none; margin-top: -1px; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 13px; color: #4db2ec; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s; }.tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i, .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover .tdm-social-text{ color: #000; }.tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-text{ margin-right: 0 !important; } </style> <style> .tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i{ font-size: 22px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 44px; }.tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-twitter, .tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-linkedin, .tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-pinterest, .tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-blogger, .tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-vimeo{ font-size: 17.6px; }.tdi_71 .tdm-social-item{ width: 44px; height: 44px; margin: 5px 10px 5px 0; }.tdi_71 .tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-item{ margin-right: 0 !important; }.tdi_71 .tdm-social-item i, .tds-team-member2 .tdi_71.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item i{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_71 .tdm-social-text{ display: none; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 18px; } </style><div class="tdm-social-wrapper tds-social1 tdi_71"><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/compolinter/" title="Instagram" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/compolinter/" class="tdm-social-text">Instagram</a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/competition-policy-international/" title="Linkedin" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-linkedin"></i></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/competition-policy-international/" class="tdm-social-text">Linkedin</a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://twitter.com/CompPolicyInt" title="Twitter" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://twitter.com/CompPolicyInt" class="tdm-social-text">Twitter</a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://vimeo.com/competitionpolicyint" title="Vimeo" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-vimeo"></i></a><a href="https://vimeo.com/competitionpolicyint" class="tdm-social-text">Vimeo</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_73 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_73{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .tdi_73{ padding-right:50px !important; } } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_74 tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_74"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_74{ margin-bottom:-16px !important; text-align:left !important; } </style><div class="td-block-row"><div class="td-block-span12 tdm-col"> <style> body .tdi_75 .tdm-title{ color: #ffffff; }.tdi_75 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:28px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } /* portrait */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){ .tdi_75 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } /* phone */ @media (max-width: 767px){ .tdi_75 .tdm-title{ font-family:Karla !important;font-size:22px !important;line-height:26px !important;font-weight:600 !important; } } </style><div class="tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_75"><h3 class="tdm-title tdm-title-xxsm">Sign up for our free Newsletter</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_button tdi_76 tdm-block-button-inline tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_76"> <style> /* custom css */ .tdm_block.tdm_block_button{ margin-bottom: 0; }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button .tds-button{ line-height: 0; }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-inline{ display: inline-block; }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full, .tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full .tdm-btn{ display: block; } </style> <style> .tdi_77{ font-size:16px !important; } </style><div class="tds-button td-fix-index"><a href="/subscribe/" class="tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_77"><span class="tdm-btn-text">Subscribe</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_79 td-showcase-subfooter vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_79{ position: relative !important; top: 0; transform: none; -webkit-transform: none; }.tdi_79, .tdi_79 .tdc-inner-columns{ display: block; }.tdi_79 .tdc-inner-columns{ width: 100%; } /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_79{ padding-top:10px !important; padding-bottom:10px !important; border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.12) !important; border-style:solid !important; border-width: 2px 0px 0px 0px !important; } .tdi_79 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left } </style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_81 wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12"> <style scoped=""> /* custom css */ .tdi_81{ vertical-align: baseline; }.tdi_81 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper, .tdi_81 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ display: block; }.tdi_81 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{ width: 100%; } </style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_82 tdm-content-horiz-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_11" data-td-block-uid="tdi_82"> <style> /* inline tdc_css att */ .tdi_82{ margin-bottom:0px !important; } </style> <style> /* custom css */ .tdi_82 .tdm-descr{ color: #ffffff; font-size:16px !important;line-height:28px !important; } </style><p class="tdm-descr">© Competition Policy International <span id="footer_year">2020</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="//ak.sail-horizon.com/spm/spm.v1.min.js?ver=5.7.7"> <script src="//ak.sail-horizon.com/spm/spm.v1.min.js?ver=5.7.7" type="text/javascript" async=""></script> <script src="/st.js" type="text/javascript"></script></div> </div>  <div class="mt-5"></div> <footer class="blog-footer"> <div class="container mx-auto"> <div class="row mx-0 mx-md-5 py-4"> <div class="col-12 col-md-3 text-center text-md-start"> <a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/" class="w-100"> <img width="100%" height="40" data-src="https://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CPI_Logo_Black-1.svg" class="img-fluid lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img src="https://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CPI_Logo_Black-1.svg" width="100%" height="40" class="img-fluid"></noscript> </a> <div class="d-block text-black text-center mt-1 mb-3 my-md-0"> <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/category/cpi-tv/" class="text-black text-uppercase fw-normal">CPI TV</a> |  <a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/subscribe/" class="text-black text-uppercase fw-normal">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-9 text-center"> <div class="row row-cols-3 g-0"> <div class="col text-center"> <h4 class="text-black mb-3">About</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/about-us/" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">About Us</a></li> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/our-editorial-policy/" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">Editorial Policy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/editorial-advisory-board/" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">Editorial Advisory Board</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col text-center"> <h4 class="text-black mb-3">Getting Started</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/contact/" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/promote-more-engage-more-connect-more" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">Partnerships</a> </li> <li class="nav-item mb-2 ms-0"><a href="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/subscribe/" class="nav-link p-0 text-black">Newsletters</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col text-center"> <h4 class="text-black mb-3">Follow CPI</h4> <ul class="nav flex-row justify-content-center"> <li class="nav-item mx-2"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/compolinter/"><i class="bi bi-instagram fs-4 text-black"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item mx-2"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/competition-policy-international/"><i class="bi bi-linkedin fs-4 text-black"></i></a> </li> <li class="nav-item mx-2"><a href="https://twitter.com/CompPolicyInt"><i class="bi bi-twitter fs-4 text-black"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item mx-2"><a href="https://vimeo.com/competitionpolicyint"><i class="bi bi-vimeo fs-4 text-black"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row mt-5"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> © Competition Policy International 2024 </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> <a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/terms-conditions-cpi#cpiPrivacy" class="p-0 text-black smaller">Privacy Policy</a> <span class="smaller">|</span> <a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/terms-conditions-cpi" class="p-0 text-black smaller">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> // Quickfix for CDN on development site window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { var images = document.getElementsByTagName('img'); var links = document.getElementsByTagName('link'); // Replace image src attributes for (var i = 0; i < images.length; i++) { var href = images[i].getAttribute('src'); if (href) { var newHref = href.replace('content.pymnts.com', 'epsilon.pymnts.com'); images[i].setAttribute('src', newHref); } } // Replace CSS file href attributes for (var j = 0; j < links.length; j++) { var rel = links[j].getAttribute('rel'); if (rel === 'stylesheet') { var href = links[j].getAttribute('href'); if (href) { var newHref = href.replace('content.pymnts.com', 'epsilon.pymnts.com'); links[j].setAttribute('href', newHref); } } } }); </script> </footer> <div id="um_upload_single" style="display:none"></div> <div id="um_view_photo" style="display:none"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-action="um_remove_modal" class="um-modal-close" aria-label="Close view photo modal"> <i class="um-faicon-times"></i> </a> <div class="um-modal-body photo"> <div class="um-modal-photo"></div> </div> </div> <aside id="moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar" class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-hidden moove-gdpr-align-center moove-gdpr-dark-scheme gdpr_infobar_postion_bottom" role="note" aria-label="GDPR Cookie Banner" style="display: none;"> <div class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-container"> <div class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-cookie-notice"> <p>We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website.</p><p>You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in <span role="link" tabindex="0" data-href="#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal" class="change-settings-button">settings</span>.</p></div>  <div class="moove-gdpr-button-holder"> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-infobar-allow-all" aria-label="Accept">Accept</button> </div>  </div>  </div>  </aside>  <style> .verify-2023 *{ color:white!important; /* display:none!important; */ } </style> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var signInButton = $('<a>', { id: 'signInButton', text: 'VERIFY EMAIL' }); signInButton.css('background', 'linear-gradient(180deg,#73a317,#006b29)'); signInButton.css('color', 'white'); signInButton.css('padding', '5px'); var screenWidth = window.innerWidth; if(screenWidth > 768) { $('.td-header-sp-top-widget').prepend(signInButton); } else { $('.td-mobile-container .td-menu-socials-wrap').append(signInButton); var styles = { 'display': 'block', 'width': '60%', 'margin-left': '20%', 'text-align': 'center', }; signInButton.css(styles); // signInButton.css('display', 'block'); // signInButton.css('width', '60%'); // signInButton.css('margin-left', '20%'); // signInButton.css('text-align', 'center'); } $("html #signInButton").click(function() { showLoginModal(); }); $('.td-login-modal-js.menu-item').hide(); }); function showLoginModal () { console.log('showLoginModal()'); // show modal jQuery('.td-login-modal-js').click(); var screenWidth = window.innerWidth; // create seat login button const checkSeatLogin = document.getElementById("seatLoginButton"); if (!checkSeatLogin) { if(screenWidth > 768) { //desktop code const seatLogin = createElement(I('login_button').parentElement, 'div', 'seat-login-button', 'ACCESS', {id: 'seatLoginButton'}, {width: '100%', padding: '5px 12px 6px', height: '50px', fontSize: '13px', marginTop: '20px', boxShadow: '1px 1px 4px 0px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%)', backgroundColor: 'white', color: 'black', fontWeight: '600', display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', cursor: 'pointer'}); hideLoginButtons(); seatLogin.addEventListener('click', handleSeatLoginButtonClick); } } const checkSeatLoginMobile = document.getElementById("checkSeatLoginMobile"); if(!checkSeatLoginMobile) { if(screenWidth <= 768) { //mobile code const seatLoginmobile = createElement(I('login_button-mob').parentElement, 'div', 'seat-login-button', 'ACCESS', {id: 'seatLoginButtonMobile'}, {width: '100%', padding: '5px 12px 6px', height: '50px', fontSize: '13px', marginTop: '20px', boxShadow: '1px 1px 4px 0px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%)', backgroundColor: 'white', color: 'black', fontWeight: '600', display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', cursor: 'pointer'}); hideLoginButtonsMobile(); seatLoginmobile.addEventListener('click', handleSeatLoginButtonClick); } } if(screenWidth > 768) { const loginEmail = I('login_email'); loginEmail.parentNode.querySelector('label').innerText = 'your email'; // checkUserInfo(loginEmail.value); // loginEmail.addEventListener('input', (e) => { // checkUserInfo(e.currentTarget.value); // }) } else { const loginEmail = I('login_email-mob'); loginEmail.parentNode.querySelector('label').innerText = 'your email'; // checkUserInfo(loginEmail.value); // loginEmail.addEventListener('input', (e) => { // checkUserInfo(e.currentTarget.value); // }) } } const I = id => document.getElementById(id); const A = selector => document.querySelectorAll(selector); const Q = selector => document.querySelector(selector); function hideLoginButtons () { //desktop settings I('login_button').style.display = 'none'; I('seatLoginButton').style.display = 'flex'; I('login_pass').parentNode.style.visibility = 'hidden'; } function hideLoginButtonsMobile () { //mobile settings I('login_button-mob').style.display = 'none'; I('seatLoginButtonMobile').style.display = 'flex'; I('login_pass-mob').parentNode.style.visibility = 'hidden'; } function handleSeatLoginButtonClick (e) { var screenWidth = window.innerWidth; if(screenWidth > 768) { var email = I('login_email').value; } else { var email = I('login_email-mob').value; } // const email = I('login_email').value; let request = { url: "https://" + location.host + '/app/sendEmail.php', method: "get", params: { to: email, category: "AntiTrust + TechREG", //TODO : Shouldn't be hardcoded. Ideally it was the current article's category. Since we're on homepage, we don't know the category. } } axios(request) .then(response => { alert (response.data); //location.reload(); //alert (`A verification link has been sent to ${email}.`); }) .catch(error => { console.error(error); alert('Error. Please try again later.'); }) } </script>  <script> /* * createElement: Creates an element and appends to parent * @param parent (Element | String): optional parent to attach child to. Can be a query selector or an actual element itself. * @param tag (String): element tag to create * @param c (String): optional class(es) of the element. Multiple classes are allowed when separated by a space. * @param text (String): optional innerText of the element * @param attributes (Obj): optional object whose key/value pairs will be added to the element (e.g. {src: 'https://google.com', id: 'myId'}) * @param style (Obj): optional set of styles to apply to the created element (e.g. {color: "red"}) * @return Element on success (the created child element); false on error (if tag contains invalid characters). * Example: createElement('body', 'div', 'hello-world-class hello-moon-class', 'Hello World', {id: 'helloWorldId'}, {color: 'blue'}); * Author: Michael Wood * License-1: Copyright February 2022. Michael Wood. All rights reserved. * License-2: BSD License for any company that employs Michael Wood either as a consultant or employee. */ function createElement (parent, tag, c = false, text = false, attributes = false, style = null) { let el = {}; try { el = document.createElement(tag); } catch (e) { return false; } let parentEl = null; try { if (parent) { if (typeof parent === 'string') parentEl = document.querySelector(parent); else parentEl = parent; if (parentEl) parentEl.appendChild(el); } if (c) el.className = c; if (text) el.innerText = text; if (attributes) { for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) { el.setAttribute (key, value); }; } if (style) { for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(style)) { el.style[key] = value; }; } } catch (e) { console.error(e); return false; } return el } </script>   <style type="text/css" media="screen"> /* custom css theme panel */ .subscription { color: #73a317; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> let cust_login = document.getElementById("loginform"); if(cust_login !== null) { var recaptcha_script = document.createElement('script'); recaptcha_script.setAttribute('src','https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js'); document.head.appendChild(recaptcha_script); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js'); document.body.className = c; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=7.4.4" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-polyfill-js-after"> ( 'fetch' in window ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-fetch.min.js?ver=3.0.0"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( document.contains ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-node-contains.min.js?ver=3.42.0"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( window.DOMRect ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-dom-rect.min.js?ver=3.42.0"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( window.URL && window.URL.prototype && window.URLSearchParams ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-url.min.js?ver=3.6.4"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( window.FormData && window.FormData.prototype.keys ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-formdata.min.js?ver=3.0.12"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( Element.prototype.matches && Element.prototype.closest ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-element-closest.min.js?ver=2.0.2"></scr' + 'ipt>' );( 'objectFit' in document.documentElement.style ) || document.write( '<script src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-object-fit.min.js?ver=2.3.4"></scr' + 'ipt>' ); </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.5.4" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=7.8.5&onload=ccfRecaptchaOnload&render=explicit" id="ccf-google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/controlgroup.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-controlgroup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/checkboxradio.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-checkboxradio-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-button-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/spinner.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-ui-spinner-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-effects-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-shake.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery-effects-shake-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.5.9.1" id="jquery-blockui-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_add_to_cart_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_view_cart":"View cart","cart_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/cart\/","is_cart":"","cart_redirect_after_add":"yes"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/add-to-cart.min.js?ver=5.9.1" id="wc-add-to-cart-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.5.9.1" id="js-cookie-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=5.9.1" id="woocommerce-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-cart-fragments-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_cart_fragments_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","cart_hash_key":"wc_cart_hash_4004a85884109c90dbcafc891f49d9fb","fragment_name":"wc_fragments_4004a85884109c90dbcafc891f49d9fb","request_timeout":"5000"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/cart-fragments.min.js?ver=5.9.1" id="wc-cart-fragments-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pn-script-app-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pnScriptSetting = {"nonce":"0573250e62","pn_config":{"apiKey":"AIzaSyDhRbFy9m-NXZVkozYJwKdDYJuwsL6W_bw","authDomain":"pushnotificationsio.firebaseapp.com","databaseURL":"https:\/\/pushnotificationsio.firebaseio.com","projectId":"pushnotificationsio","storageBucket":"pushnotificationsio.appspot.com","messagingSenderId":"788493704860","appId":"1:788493704860:web:ba71fd692e7cc9651f5759","measurementId":"G-NXS0Z75BCH"},"swsource":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/?push_notification_sw=1","scope":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/","ajax_url":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","cookie_scope":"\/","notification_popup_show_again":"30","popup_show_afternseconds":"3","popup_show_afternpageview":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification//assets/public/application.min.js?ver=1.22" id="pn-script-app-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification//assets/public/analytics.js?ver=1.22" id="pn-script-analytics-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?ver=1.22" id="pn-script-gtag-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pn-script-gtag-js-after"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification//assets/public/messaging.min.js?ver=1.22" id="pn-script-messaging-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification//assets/public/app.js?ver=1.22" id="pn-script-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/backbone.min.js?ver=1.4.0" id="backbone-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-api-ccf-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WP_API_Settings = {"root":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-json\/","nonce":"ffd56b3539"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/wp-api/wp-api.js?ver=1.2" id="wp-api-ccf-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tdb_js_posts_autoload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="td-site-min-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-smush-pro/app/assets/js/smush-lazy-load.min.js?ver=3.9.4" id="smush-lazy-load-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/select2/select2.full.min.js?ver=4.0.13" id="select2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-util-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpUtilSettings = {"ajax":{"url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/wp-util.min.js?ver=5.7.8" id="wp-util-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-crop.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_crop-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-modal.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_modal-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-jquery-form.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_jquery_form-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-fileupload.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_fileupload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/pickadate/picker.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_datetime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/pickadate/picker.date.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_datetime_date-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/pickadate/picker.time.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_datetime_time-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=d0188aa6c336f8bb426fe5318b7f5b72" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=6ae7d829c963a7d8856558f3f9b32b43" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-raty.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_raty-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-tipsy.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_tipsy-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=4.1.4" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.masonry.min.js?ver=3.1.2b" id="jquery-masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/simplebar.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_scrollbar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-functions.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_functions-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-responsive.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_responsive-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-conditional.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_conditional-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="um_scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var um_scripts = {"max_upload_size":"52428800","nonce":"ba15f6654c"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-scripts.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-profile.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_profile-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-account.min.js?ver=2.1.21" id="um_account-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="moove_gdpr_frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var moove_frontend_gdpr_scripts = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","post_id":"225247","plugin_dir":"https:\/\/epsilon.competitionpolicyinternational.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gdpr-cookie-compliance","show_icons":"all","is_page":"","strict_init":"1","enabled_default":{"third_party":0,"advanced":0},"geo_location":"false","force_reload":"false","is_single":"","hide_save_btn":"false","current_user":"0","cookie_expiration":"365","script_delay":"2000","wp_lang":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/dist/scripts/main.js?ver=4.6.3" id="moove_gdpr_frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tdb_js_files_for_front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.7.8" id="wp-embed-js"></script> <style>.pn-wrapper{ box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(60,64,67,0.302), 0 4px 8px 3px rgba(60,64,67,0.149); font-family: Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; align-items: center; background-color: #222; border: none; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; display: none; flex-wrap: wrap; font-weight: 400; padding: 16px 22px; z-index:99999; text-align: left; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; margin: 20px; right: auto; top: auto; } .pn-wrapper .pn-txt-wrap { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; position: relative; height: auto; line-height: 1; } .pn-wrapper .pn-btns{ margin-left: 10px; display: flex; } .pn-wrapper .btn.act{color: #8ab4f8;} .pn-wrapper .btn{ align-items: center; border: none; display: inline-flex; outline: none; position: relative; font-size: 14px; background: none; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5f6368; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; outline: none; margin-left: 8px; min-width: auto; padding: 0 8px; text-decoration: none; } </style><div class="pn-wrapper"> <span class="pn-txt-wrap"> <span class="pn-msg">Enable Notifications</span> <span class="pn-btns">   <span class="btn act" id="pn-activate-permission_link" tabindex="0" role="link" aria-label="ok link"> OK </span> <span class="btn" id="pn-activate-permission_link_nothanks" tabindex="0" role="link" aria-label="no thanks link"> No thanks </span> </span> </span> </div>  <div id="moove_gdpr_cookie_modal" class="gdpr_lightbox-hide" role="complementary" aria-label="GDPR Settings Screen"> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-content moove-clearfix logo-position-left moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v1"> <button class="moove-gdpr-modal-close" aria-label="Close GDPR Cookie Settings"> <span class="gdpr-sr-only">Close GDPR Cookie Settings</span> <span class="gdpr-icon moovegdpr-arrow-close"></span> </button> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-left-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-company-logo-holder"> <img alt="cpiadmin" width="192" height="192" data-src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cpiadmin.png" class="img-responsive lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><noscript><img src="https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cpiadmin.png" alt="cpiadmin" width="192" height="192" class="img-responsive" /></noscript> </div>  <ul id="moove-gdpr-menu"> <li class="menu-item-on menu-item-privacy_overview menu-item-selected"> <button data-href="#privacy_overview" class="moove-gdpr-tab-nav" aria-label="Privacy Overview"> <span class="gdpr-svg-icon"> <svg class="icon icon-privacy-overview" viewBox="0 0 26 32"> <path d="M11.082 27.443l1.536 0.666 1.715-0.717c5.018-2.099 8.294-7.014 8.294-12.442v-5.734l-9.958-5.325-9.702 5.325v5.862c0 5.376 3.2 10.24 8.115 12.365zM4.502 10.138l8.166-4.506 8.397 4.506v4.813c0 4.838-2.893 9.19-7.347 11.034l-1.101 0.461-0.922-0.41c-4.352-1.894-7.194-6.195-7.194-10.957v-4.941zM12.029 14.259h1.536v7.347h-1.536v-7.347zM12.029 10.394h1.536v2.483h-1.536v-2.483z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="gdpr-nav-tab-title">Privacy Overview</span> </button> </li> <li class="menu-item-strict-necessary-cookies menu-item-off"> <button data-href="#strict-necessary-cookies" class="moove-gdpr-tab-nav" aria-label="Strictly Necessary Cookies"> <span class="gdpr-svg-icon"> <svg class="icon icon-strict-necessary" viewBox="0 0 26 32"> <path d="M22.685 5.478l-9.984 10.752-2.97-4.070c-0.333-0.461-0.973-0.538-1.434-0.205-0.435 0.333-0.538 0.947-0.23 1.408l3.686 5.094c0.179 0.256 0.461 0.41 0.768 0.435h0.051c0.282 0 0.538-0.102 0.742-0.307l10.854-11.699c0.358-0.435 0.333-1.075-0.102-1.434-0.384-0.384-0.998-0.358-1.382 0.026v0zM22.301 12.954c-0.563 0.102-0.922 0.64-0.794 1.203 0.128 0.614 0.179 1.229 0.179 1.843 0 5.094-4.122 9.216-9.216 9.216s-9.216-4.122-9.216-9.216 4.122-9.216 9.216-9.216c1.536 0 3.021 0.384 4.378 1.101 0.512 0.23 1.126 0 1.357-0.538 0.205-0.461 0.051-0.998-0.384-1.254-5.478-2.944-12.314-0.922-15.283 4.557s-0.922 12.314 4.557 15.258 12.314 0.922 15.258-4.557c0.896-1.638 1.357-3.482 1.357-5.35 0-0.768-0.077-1.51-0.23-2.253-0.102-0.538-0.64-0.896-1.178-0.794z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="gdpr-nav-tab-title">Strictly Necessary Cookies</span> </button> </li> </ul> <div class="moove-gdpr-branding-cnt"> <a href="https://wordpress.org/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="moove-gdpr-branding">Powered by  <span>GDPR Cookie Compliance</span></a> </div>  </div>  <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-right-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-title"> </div>  <div class="main-modal-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-content"> <div id="privacy_overview" class="moove-gdpr-tab-main"> <span class="tab-title">Privacy Overview</span> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-main-content"> <p>This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.</p> </div>  </div>  <div id="strict-necessary-cookies" class="moove-gdpr-tab-main" style="display:none"> <span class="tab-title">Strictly Necessary Cookies</span> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-main-content"> <p>Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings.</p> <div class="moove-gdpr-status-bar "> <div class="gdpr-cc-form-wrap"> <div class="gdpr-cc-form-fieldset"> <label class="cookie-switch" for="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies"> <span class="gdpr-sr-only">Enable or Disable Cookies</span> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Strictly Necessary Cookies" value="check" name="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies" id="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies"> <span class="cookie-slider cookie-round" data-text-enable="Enabled" data-text-disabled="Disabled"></span> </label> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="moove-gdpr-strict-warning-message" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <p>If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again.</p> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-button-holder"> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-modal-allow-all button-visible" aria-label="Enable All">Enable All</button> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-modal-save-settings button-visible" aria-label="Save Settings">Save Settings</button> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="moove-clearfix"></div> </div>  </div>   <script> jQuery().ready(function () { var blockClass = '.tdi_34'; jQuery(blockClass + '.tdb-horiz-menu-singleline > .menu-item-has-children a').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); }) }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery( window ).on( 'load', function() { jQuery('input[name="um_request"]').val(''); }); </script> </body></html>

CINXE.COM

OECD Column Archives - Competition Policy International