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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Things named after Van der Waals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Things_named_after_Van_der_Waals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1873_thesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1873_thesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1873 thesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1873_thesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_to_molecular_physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_to_molecular_physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Effects to molecular physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_to_molecular_physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="يوهانس ديديريك فان دير فالس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوهانس ديديريك فان دير فالس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes van der Waals – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Johannes van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes van der Waals – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Johannes van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Van-der-Vaals" title="Yan Van-der-Vaals – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yan Van-der-Vaals" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="یوهان دیدریک وان در والس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوهان دیدریک وان در والس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8" title="জোহানেস ডিডেরিক ভ্যান ডার ওয়ালস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোহানেস ডিডেরিক ভ্যান ডার ওয়ালস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80-%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Ян Дыдэрык Ван-дэр-Ваальс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ян Дыдэрык Ван-дэр-Ваальс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80-%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Ян Дыдэрык Ван-дэр-Ваальс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ян Дыдэрык Ван-дэр-Ваальс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Йоханес ван дер Ваалс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоханес ван дер Ваалс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%92%CE%AC%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Γιοχάννες φαν ντερ Βάαλς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιοχάννες φαν ντερ Βάαλς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes van der Waals – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johannes van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="یوهان دیدریک وان در والس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوهان دیدریک وان در والس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%94%94%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AD_%ED%8C%90%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="요하너스 디데릭 판데르발스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요하너스 디데릭 판데르발스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD" title="Յոհանես Դիդերիկ վան դեր Վալս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոհանես Դիդերիկ վան դեր Վալս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="योहानेस डिडरिक वान डर वाल्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="योहानेस डिडरिक वान डर वाल्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="יוהנס דידריק ואן דר ואלס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהנס דידריק ואן דר ואלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವ್ಯಾನ್ ಡರ್ ವಾಲ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾನ್ ಡರ್ ವಾಲ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იოჰანეს დიდერიკ ვან-დერ-ვაალსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოჰანეს დიდერიკ ვან-დერ-ვაალსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Йоханнес Дидерик ван дер Ваальс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йоханнес Дидерик ван дер Ваальс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Йоханнес Дидерик Ван дер Ваальс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Йоханнес Дидерик Ван дер Ваальс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Theodoricus_van_der_Waals" title="Ioannes Theodoricus van der Waals – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Theodoricus van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johaness_Dideriks_van_der_V%C4%81lss" title="Johaness Dideriks van der Vālss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Johaness Dideriks van der Vālss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Јоханес ван дер Валс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јоханес ван дер Валс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോഹന്നാസ് ദിദെറിക് വാൻ ഡെർ വാൾസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോഹന്നാസ് ദിദെറിക് വാൻ ഡെർ വാൾസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="योहान्स डिडरिक व्हान डेर वाल्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="योहान्स डिडरिक व्हान डेर वाल्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იოჰანეს დიდერიკ ვან-დერ-ვაალსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იოჰანეს დიდერიკ ვან-დერ-ვაალსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="يوهانس ديديريك فان دير فالس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوهانس ديديريك فان دير فالس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="یوهان دیدریک ون در والس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوهان دیدریک ون در والس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="योहान्नेस डिडेरिक भ्यान डर वाल्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="योहान्नेस डिडेरिक भ्यान डर वाल्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ヨハネス・ファン・デル・ワールス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネス・ファン・デル・ワールス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2" title="یوہانس دائیڈیرک فان ڈیر والز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوہانس دائیڈیرک فان ڈیر والز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ван дер Ваальс, Йоханнес Дидерик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ван дер Ваальс, Йоханнес Дидерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1_%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="یۆھانس دیدێریک ڤان دێر ڤالس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆھانس دیدێریک ڤان دێر ڤالس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Јоханес Дидерик ван дер Валс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јоханес Дидерик ван дер Валс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="யோகான்னசு வான் டெர் வால்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யோகான்னசு வான் டெர் வால்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohannes_Diderik_Van_der_Waals" title="Yohannes Diderik Van der Waals – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yohannes Diderik Van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Ян Дидерик ван дер Ваальс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ян Дидерик ван дер Ваальс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B3_%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جوہنس ڈیڈریک ونڈر وال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہنس ڈیڈریک ونڈر وال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%96%AF" title="约翰内斯·范德瓦耳斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰内斯·范德瓦耳斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Johannes van der Waals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg/230px-Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg/345px-Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg/460px-Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1837-11-23</span>)</span>23 November 1837<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 March 1923<span style="display:none">(1923-03-08)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Laying the foundations for modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular physics (not yet started)">molecular physics</a> (molecular theory)<br />Originating modern theory of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermolecular_forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermolecular forces (not yet started)">intermolecular forces</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_corresponding_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of corresponding states (not yet started)">Law of corresponding states</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real_gas_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real gas law (not yet started)">Real gas law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals forces">Van der Waals forces</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_equation_of_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals equation of state (not yet started)">Van der Waals equation of state</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_surface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals surface (not yet started)">Van der Waals surface</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_molecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals molecule (not yet started)">Van der Waals molecule</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Physics">Nobel Prize for Physics</a> (1910)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical physics">Theoretical physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Rijke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Rijke (not yet started)">Pieter Rijke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diederik_Korteweg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diederik Korteweg (not yet started)">Diederik Korteweg</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Hendrik_Keesom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Hendrik Keesom (not yet started)">Willem Hendrik Keesom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Clausius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Clausius (not yet started)">Rudolf Clausius</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Willard_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs (not yet started)">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Andrews_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Andrews (scientist) (not yet started)">Thomas Andrews</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (not yet started)">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Hendrik_Keesom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Hendrik Keesom (not yet started)">Willem Hendrik Keesom</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Debye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Debye (not yet started)">Peter Debye</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Florenty_Wr%C3%B3blewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski (not yet started)">Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Dewar (not yet started)">James Dewar</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz London (not yet started)">Fritz London</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Shipley_Rowlinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Shipley Rowlinson (not yet started)">John Shipley Rowlinson</a><br />Modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular science (not yet started)">molecular science</a> (including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular physics (not yet started)">molecular physics</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_dynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular dynamics (not yet started)">molecular dynamics</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">Cryogenics</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johannes Diderik van der Waals</b> (<small>Dutch pronunciation: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Dutch_and_Afrikaans" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Dutch and Afrikaans">[joːˈɦɑnəz ˈdidərɪk fɑn dər ˈʋaːls]</a></span><small>  <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals_name.flac" class="internal" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals name.flac">listen</a>)</span></small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physicist</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamicist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermodynamicist (not yet started)">thermodynamicist</a>. He became famous for his pioneering work on the <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">equation of state</a> for gases and liquids. Van der Waals started his career as a school teacher. In 1877, he became the first <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> professor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. Van der Waals won the 1910 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in physics">Nobel Prize in physics</a> for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">equation of state</a> for gases and liquids.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Things_named_after_Van_der_Waals">Things named after Van der Waals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Things named after Van der Waals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Things named after Van der Waals"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His name is primarily associated with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_equation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals equation (not yet started)">Van der Waals equation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">state</a> that describes the behavior of gases and their condensation to the liquid <a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase (matter)">phase</a>. His name is also associated with <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals forces">Van der Waals forces</a> (forces between stable <a href="/wiki/Molecules" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecules">molecules</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_molecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals molecule (not yet started)">Van der Waals molecules</a> (small molecular clusters bound by Van der Waals forces), and with <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radii</a> (sizes of molecules). As <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> said, "there can be <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">no doubt</a> that the name of Van der Waals will soon be among the foremost in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular science (not yet started)">molecular science</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-JohannesVDW_Nobelprize.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohannesVDW_Nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1873_thesis">1873 thesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: 1873 thesis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: 1873 thesis"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1873 thesis, Van der Waals noted that real gases were not ideal: He thought this was because there are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermolecular_interactions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermolecular interactions (not yet started)">intermolecular interactions</a>. He introduced the first <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">equation of state</a> derived by the assumption of a finite volume occupied by the constituent molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-van_der_Waals_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Waals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spearheaded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mach (not yet started)">Ernst Mach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, a strong philosophical current that denied the existence of <a href="/wiki/Molecules" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecules">molecules</a> arose towards the end of the 19th century. The molecular existence was considered unproven and the molecular <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a> unnecessary. At the time Van der Waals's thesis was written (1873), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular structure (not yet started)">molecular structure</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluids (not yet started)">fluids</a> had not been accepted by most physicists, and <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vapor</a> were often considered as chemically distinct. But Van der Waals's work affirmed the reality of molecules and allowed an assessment of their size and <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals forces">attractive strength</a>. His new formula revolutionized the study of equations of state. By comparing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_equation_of_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals equation of state (not yet started)">his equation of state</a> with experimental data, Van der Waals was able to obtain estimates for the actual size of molecules and the strength of <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals forces">their mutual attraction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_to_molecular_physics">Effects to molecular physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Effects to molecular physics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Effects to molecular physics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The effect of Van der Waals's work on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular physics (not yet started)">molecular physics</a> in the 20th century was direct and fundamental.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_constants_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals constants (data page) (not yet started)">introducing parameters</a> characterizing molecular size and attraction in constructing his <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">equation of state</a>, Van der Waals set the tone for modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular science (not yet started)">molecular science</a>. That molecular aspects such as size, shape, attraction, and <a href="/wiki/Intermolecular_force" title="Intermolecular force">multipolar interactions</a> should form the basis for mathematical formulations of the thermodynamic and transport properties of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluids (not yet started)">fluids</a> is presently considered an <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">axiom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of the Van der Waals's equation of state, the critical-point parameters of gases could be accurately predicted from thermodynamic measurements made at much higher temperatures. <a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen" title="Liquid nitrogen">Nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquid_helium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquid helium (not yet started)">helium</a> subsequently succumbed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquefaction_of_gases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquefaction of gases (not yet started)">liquefaction</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (not yet started)">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> was significantly influenced by the pioneering work of Van der Waals. In 1908, Onnes became the first to make <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquid_helium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquid helium (not yet started)">liquid helium</a>; this led directly to his 1911 discovery of <a href="/wiki/Superconductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconductivity">superconductivity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span 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class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Every word in isolation: <small>Dutch pronunciation: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Dutch_and_Afrikaans" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Dutch and Afrikaans">[joːˈɦɑnəs ˈdidərɪk vɑn dər ˈʋaːls]</a></span><small></small></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1910/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1910&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1910%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Diderik+van+der+Waals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parsegian, V. Adrian (2005). <i>Van der Waals Forces: A Handbook for Biologists, Chemists, Engineers, and Physicists</i>. (Cambridge University Press), p. 2. “The first clear evidence of forces between what were soon to be called molecules came from Johannes Diderik van der Waals's 1873 Ph.D. thesis formulation of the pressure p, volume V, and temperature T of dense gases.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohannesVDW_Nobelprize.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JohannesVDW_Nobelprize.org_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1910/waals-bio.html">Johannes Diderik van der Waals - Biographical - Nobelprize.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_der_Waals-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-van_der_Waals_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_WaalsJ._D.1873" class="citation book cs1">van der Waals; J. D. (1873). <i>Over de continuiteit van den gas- en vloeistoftoestand (On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States) (doctoral dissertation)</i>. Universiteit Leiden.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+de+continuiteit+van+den+gas-+en+vloeistoftoestand+%28On+the+Continuity+of+the+Gaseous+and+Liquid+States%29+%28doctoral+dissertation%29&rft.pub=Universiteit+Leiden&rft.date=1873&rft.au=van+der+Waals&rft.au=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Diderik+van+der+Waals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sengers, Johanna Levelt (2002), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kipnis, A. Ya.; Yavelov, B. E.; Rowlinson, J. S.: <i>Van der Waals and Molecular Science</i>. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sengers, Johanna Levelt (2002), pp. 255–256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blundell, Stephen: <i>Superconductivity: A Very Short Introduction</i>. 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