CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Death of Ms Dhu - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fe27d977-ee4a-4559-bb67-ba02bb6e04f4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Death_of_Ms_Dhu","wgTitle":"Death of Ms Dhu","wgCurRevisionId":1244649985,"wgRevisionId":1244649985,"wgArticleId":48652671,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Featured articles","Use Australian English from December 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English","Use dmy dates from August 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016","2014 in Australia", "2014 in women's history","2010s in Western Australia","August 2014 events in Australia","Women deaths","Deaths by person in Australia","Deaths in police custody in Australia","Prisoners who died in Western Australian detention","Women in Australia","2014 deaths"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Death_of_Ms_Dhu","wgRelevantArticleId":48652671,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength": 60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q24185572","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage": "ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Julieka_Dhu.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1582"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Julieka_Dhu.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1055"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="844"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Death of Ms Dhu - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Death_of_Ms_Dhu rootpage-Death_of_Ms_Dhu skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Death+of+Ms+Dhu" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Death+of+Ms+Dhu" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Death+of+Ms+Dhu" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Death+of+Ms+Dhu" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ms_Dhu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ms_Dhu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Ms Dhu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ms_Dhu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incarceration_for_unpaid_fines_in_Western_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incarceration_for_unpaid_fines_in_Western_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Incarceration for unpaid fines in Western Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incarceration_for_unpaid_fines_in_Western_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Arrest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deterioration_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deterioration_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deterioration and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deterioration_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coroner's_inquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coroner's_inquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Coroner's inquest </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coroner's_inquest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Coroner's inquest subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Coroner's_inquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Reaction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recommendations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recommendations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Recommendations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recommendations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compensation_payment_and_apology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensation_payment_and_apology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Compensation payment and apology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compensation_payment_and_apology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Custody_Notification_Service_founded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Custody_Notification_Service_founded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Custody Notification Service founded </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Custody_Notification_Service_founded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_amendments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_amendments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Legislative amendments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_amendments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctor_fined" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctor_fined"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Doctor fined </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctor_fined-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Death of Ms Dhu</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" > 3 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88" title="وفاة الآنسة دو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وفاة الآنسة دو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu" title="Death of Ms Dhu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Death of Ms Dhu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A5%B3%E5%A3%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="杜女士之死 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜女士之死" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24185572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Death_of_Ms_Dhu" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Death_of_Ms_Dhu" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Death_of_Ms_Dhu" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&oldid=1244649985" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&id=1244649985&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeath_of_Ms_Dhu">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeath_of_Ms_Dhu">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24185572" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian Aboriginal woman</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Death of Ms Dhu</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:Julieka_Dhu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A young, Australian Aboriginal woman with long, dark hair and large hoop earrings wearing a white shirt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Julieka_Dhu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="290" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Photograph of Ms Dhu, widely circulated by mainstream media</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">4 August 2014 (2014-08-04)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">Port Hedland police station, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Death in police custody</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">Sepsis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> from an infection in a broken rib</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coroner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Rosalinda Fogliani</td></tr></tbody></table> Julieka Ivanna Dhu (commonly referred to as Ms Dhu<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a>) was a 22-year-old <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australian</a> woman who died in police custody in <a href="/wiki/South_Hedland" class="mw-redirect" title="South Hedland">South Hedland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, in 2014. On 2 August that year, police responded to a report that Dhu's partner had violated an <a href="/wiki/Injunction#Australian_apprehended_violence_orders" title="Injunction">apprehended violence order</a>. Upon arriving at their address, the officers arrested both Dhu and her partner after realising there was also an outstanding arrest warrant for unpaid fines against Dhu. She was detained in <a href="/wiki/Arrest" title="Arrest">police custody</a> in South Hedland and was ordered to serve four days in custody in default of her debt. While in custody, Dhu complained of pain and was twice taken to the Hedland Health Campus hospital. Medical staff judged that her complaints were exaggerated and associated with drug withdrawal. On 4 August, Dhu complained that she could no longer stand. Police officers, who accused her of faking her condition, handcuffed her, carried her to the back of their van and returned her to the hospital; she was pronounced dead shortly after arrival. The official cause of death was an infection due to her partner's breaking of her ribs three months earlier. An internal police investigation found that 11 officers had failed to comply with regulations or were otherwise guilty of misconduct. They were given written and oral warnings. A <a href="/wiki/Coroner" title="Coroner">coronial</a> inquest found that she had suffered "unprofessional and inhumane" handling by police and "deficient" treatment from hospital staff.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> It also established that police and hospital staff had been influenced by preconceived ideas about Aboriginal people. The inquest recommended that the justice system should stop imprisoning people for unpaid fines and introduce a <a href="/wiki/Custody_Notification_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Custody Notification Scheme">Custody Notification Scheme</a> (CNS). After years of delays, a CNS was made operational in October 2019. <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Western_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Western Australia">Attorney-General of Western Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(politician)" title="John Quigley (politician)">John Quigley</a> introduced legislative amendments to cease jailing people for unpaid fines in September 2019, which were implemented in June 2020. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ms_Dhu">Ms Dhu</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ms Dhu">edit</a>]</div> Julieka Ivanna Dhu was born on 26 December 1991 in <a href="/wiki/Port_Hedland" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Hedland">Port Hedland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (WA).<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 5  She was <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Yamatji" title="Yamatji">Yamatji</a> people.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> She lived with her parents until they separated when she was three, after which she was mostly raised by her grandmother in <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a>, though her parents remained in regular contact with her. She was described as a "cheerful" child whose only health issue was mild <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 5  Dhu completed <a href="/wiki/Year_Eleven" class="mw-redirect" title="Year Eleven">Year Eleven</a>;<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 5  according to her family, after leaving school, she seemed to associate "with a bad crowd" and was a "wild child".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> In November 2009, when she was 17, police found Dhu sleeping near <a href="/wiki/Cable_Beach" title="Cable Beach">Cable Beach</a>; when they woke her she appeared to be intoxicated, swore at them and said "I don't remember anything after taking that <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">eccy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Police arrested her for disorderly conduct and failing to give her name and address, and she was detained in police custody overnight. She was released on bail the next day but failed to appear at her hearing at the Children's Court and was fined A$200.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> The following year, Dhu was involved in two more minor incidents involving police after she moved back to Port Hedland. On one of the occasions, she kicked a female police officer while being arrested for disorderly conduct and was later also charged with obstructing and assaulting police. Dhu was again fined by the courts.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> In 2013, at age 21, Dhu began a relationship with a 42-year-old man, Dion Ruffin, who had several children by previous partners and—unknown to Dhu—had criminal convictions for <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> By late December that year, Dhu's mother said her daughter had become withdrawn and had lost weight. Dhu told her mother that she and Ruffin were using <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamines</a> and their fortnightly <a href="/wiki/Centrelink" title="Centrelink">Centrelink</a> payments were always spent on the drug in a day or two.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Around the Easter holidays in 2014, Dhu told her grandmother Ruffin had physically assaulted her. Her grandmother helped Dhu leave Ruffin and paid for the 1,100 km (683.5 mi) bus journey from Geraldton to <a href="/wiki/Karratha,_Western_Australia" title="Karratha, Western Australia">Karratha</a>, where they had relatives.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Ruffin discovered where Dhu had sought refuge and after several weeks persuaded her to return to him. They lived together in a rented house in <a href="/wiki/South_Hedland,_Western_Australia" title="South Hedland, Western Australia">South Hedland</a>. In July 2014, Dhu told her father Ruffin had broken her ribs. Ruffin subsequently admitted this, saying he struck her after she had stabbed him in the leg with a pair of scissors.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incarceration_for_unpaid_fines_in_Western_Australia">Incarceration for unpaid fines in Western Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Incarceration for unpaid fines in Western Australia">edit</a>]</div> In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Aboriginal_Deaths_in_Custody" title="Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody">Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody</a> report was released. One of its 339 recommendations was an end to issuing arrest warrants for unpaid fines,<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> and another was the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Custody_Notification_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Custody Notification Scheme">Custody Notification Schemes</a> (CNS) in all Australian states and territories.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> At the time of Dhu's death, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (NSW) and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> (ACT) were the only state and territory to have implemented a CNS. The CNS consists of a 24-hour legal advice and support telephone hotline for any Aboriginal person taken into custody, connecting them with lawyers from the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Legal Service">Aboriginal Legal Service</a>. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit">[update]</a>, no Aboriginal person had died in custody in NSW or the ACT since the scheme was implemented.<a href="#cite_note-cns-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-guard-9">[8]</a> At the time of Dhu's death, Western Australia was the only Australian state still imprisoning people for unpaid fines; NSW was the first state to abandon the practice following a death in custody in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Every year between 2010 and 2014, more than 1,000 people were sent to prison in Western Australia for unpaid fines, and one third of imprisoned women were there for that reason.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit">[update]</a>, one sixth of imprisoned Aboriginal people were there for unpaid fines; the number increased from 33 to 223 between 2008 and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> In 2015, then <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Western_Australia" title="Premier of Western Australia">Premier of Western Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Barnett" title="Colin Barnett">Colin Barnett</a> acknowledged that the number of people incarcerated for unpaid fines is unknown but higher than official records show, as government statistics only count people being sent to prisons, and not those sent to police lockup cells for shorter periods.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Between mid-2006 and mid-2016, 73% of female fine defaulters in Western Australia were unemployed, and 64% were Indigenous.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Being jailed for unpaid fines in Western Australia resulted in a criminal record, whereas all other Australian states and territories considered fines a civil matter.<a href="#cite_note-exclusive-17">[16]</a> Western Australia police did not have the discretion to ignore arrest warrants for unpaid fines under any circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-cousin-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest">Arrest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrest">edit</a>]</div> On 2 August 2014, police received a telephone call informing them Ruffin had violated the terms of an <a href="/wiki/Injunction#Australian_apprehended_violence_orders" title="Injunction">apprehended violence order</a>; at the later inquest into Dhu's death, nobody gave evidence about the caller's identity.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Three months earlier, a warrant for Dhu's arrest for the unpaid fines relating to her three arrests when she was a teenager had been issued. When police arrived at their home and spoke to the pair, they discovered the outstanding arrest warrant for Dhu. Both were arrested and placed in adjoining cells in the <a href="/wiki/South_Hedland" class="mw-redirect" title="South Hedland">South Hedland</a> police station. Dhu's fines totalled A$3,622, and she was ordered to serve four days in custody to repay part of the debt at the standard rate of A$250 per day.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-relive-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> As of March 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ruffin was in prison for violating the apprehended violence order, burglary, assault and criminal damage. The Western Australia Prisoners' Review Board revoked his bail, saying he was "a lethal threat to the community".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deterioration_and_death">Deterioration and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deterioration and death">edit</a>]</div> Dhu complained of pain soon after her arrest.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> When police asked Dhu why she was in pain, she was vague with her answers; Ruffin was sitting nearby when she was questioned.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a> Police officers gave her two <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> tablets and took her to the Hedland Health Campus at 8 pm that night. After a brief examination, she was given a <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> score of four; the second-lowest level of urgency. Annie Lang, the doctor who assessed Dhu, later told the inquest she believed Dhu's pain was genuine but that she was exaggerating her condition. She gave Dhu <a href="/wiki/Endone" class="mw-redirect" title="Endone">endone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a>, and declared her well enough to return to police custody. Dhu was returned to her cell shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Over the next 20 hours, witnesses saw Dhu crying, calling for help, vomiting and asking to return to the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">CCTV</a> footage shows Dhu being asked to rate her pain out of ten and replying "ten".<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> When Sergeant Rick Bond went on duty as the senior officer on 3 August, he was told of Dhu's condition and telephoned her father to ask him whether he could pay Dhu's fines so she could be released. Dhu's father told Bond he did not have that much money and also told him Dhu was a user of methamphetamine. Bond later told the inquest he formed the opinion that Dhu was faking her condition so she would be removed from her cell; he informed other officers of his opinion. Late that afternoon, police took Dhu, who was handcuffed, back to the Health Campus. Medical staff notes said Dhu was "Crying in pain ... <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardic</a>, grunting, dehydrated and had a pulse rate of 126 beats a minute".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> They did not take her temperature because they had a shortage of thermometers.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Triage nurse Alyce Heatherington told police "this could be withdrawal from drugs".<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> Vafa Naderi, a doctor who had witnessed Dhu attending the Health Campus the previous night, performed an ultrasound examination on her chest then discharged her with a paracetamol tablet and declared her well enough to return to police custody. His notes from that night say "behavioural issues" and "drugs?"<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> CCTV footage taken when police returned Dhu to the station showed a police officer saying, "Paracetamol? Paracetamol, after all that?"<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> CCTV footage also showed Bond took another person held in police custody to Dhu's cell, told them to look at Dhu and said "This is what happens, you end up like this woman here. It's a good deterrent not to take drugs."<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> Dhu asked to go to the hospital again on the morning of 4 August, telling officers she was no longer able to stand. Officer Shelly Burgess, who had just arrived on shift, stated that Sergeant Bond told her Dhu was a "junkie" that was "full of shit" and "faking" her illness.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Burgess said she accepted his assertion as "his word was law" and he had a reputation for "verbally attacking" people who questioned him.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-24">[23]</a> She testified that Bond whispered in Dhu's ear, "You're a fucking junkie and you've been to hospital twice before and this is not fucking on".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Bond said he had not told Dhu she was a junkie, though said he may have used the term when talking about her to other officers. He said he had told her, "This is the last fucking time you're going to hospital" after agreeing for her to be returned there.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> CCTV footage showed Burgess forcing Dhu into a sitting position from the floor. After letting go of her arm, Dhu slumped back down and hit her head on the concrete. Burgess told the inquest that Dhu had slipped.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> At 12:30 pm, Bond sent Dhu to the hospital for the third time. Burgess and Constable Christopher Matier handcuffed Dhu and carried her to the back of a police van;<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 87 <a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> CCTV footage captured her moaning in pain and Matier saying "Oh shut up".<a href="#cite_note-trig-27">[26]</a> Upon arrival at the Health Campus, Matier told a nurse "She's just putting it on; she's faking it";<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 89 <a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a> nursing staff responded by saying she had had a heart attack.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> A team of medical staff attempted to resuscitate Dhu; Matier continued to inform them that she was faking her condition while they were making their resuscitation attempt.<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 89  Fifty-three minutes after arriving at the hospital, Dhu was declared dead.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Her death marked roughly 340 Aboriginal deaths in custody since the conclusion of the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Aboriginal_Deaths_in_Custody" title="Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody">Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-relive-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coroner's_inquest">Coroner's inquest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coroner's inquest">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of demonstrators with a banner outside a public building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg/300px-Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg/450px-Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg/600px-Julieka_Dhu_Protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>A protest held on the first anniversary of Dhu's death</figcaption></figure> In October 2014, after more details of her time in custody had been made public, Dhu's family asked for a coroner's inquest into her death.<a href="#cite_note-distressed-29">[28]</a> They also called for the end of imprisonment for unpaid fines, the introduction of a CNS, 24-hour medical coverage and independent oversight at all police stations, "and justice reinvestment into communities, not prisons".<a href="#cite_note-castan-30">[29]</a> These calls were supported by <a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Robin_Chapple" title="Robin Chapple">Robin Chapple</a>. At that time, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">government of Western Australia</a> and WA police were still said to be investigating the matter; a report was being prepared for the coroner.<a href="#cite_note-distressed-29">[28]</a> Premier Barnett expressed his sympathy for Dhu's family at a Perth rally in late 2014, and promised to make sure that "the full truth will come out",<a href="#cite_note-castan-30">[29]</a> but insisted the inquest they were calling for would not be necessary.<a href="#cite_note-castan-30">[29]</a> In February 2016, an anonymous activist group called "allies of Ms Dhu" began projecting images of Dhu and her family on buildings in Perth to raise awareness over her death and the upcoming inquest.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> On the first anniversary of her death, multiple protests were held around Australia demanding an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Dhu's death and her family's activism attracted national media attention, something that is rare for <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_deaths_in_custody" title="Aboriginal deaths in custody">Aboriginal deaths in custody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The inquest began in November 2015. Members of the public were warned that anyone wearing a T-shirt bearing the words "Justice for Julieka" would be denied entry. Two women wearing shirts that read "Indigenous Rights Defender" were not allowed to enter.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a> On the first day, the inquest heard that Dhu's cause of death was <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> resulting from broken ribs caused by Ruffin three months prior. CCTV footage of Dhu in police custody was also shown.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Members of Dhu's family, medical staff involved in her treatments and 10 police officers were interviewed as part of the inquest. Dhu's mother testified that she twice telephoned the police station asking to speak to Dhu while she was in custody, but was refused permission.<a href="#cite_note-trig-27">[26]</a> Human rights lawyer <a href="/wiki/George_Newhouse" title="George Newhouse">George Newhouse</a> represented the <a href="/wiki/Deaths_In_Custody_Watch_Committee_(WA)_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaths In Custody Watch Committee (WA) Inc">Deaths In Custody Watch Committee (WA) Inc</a> (DICWC WA) at the inquest.<a href="#cite_note-trig-27">[26]</a> In the days after the inquest began, Dhu's family were subjected to a "flood" of online comments, suggesting that Dhu got what she deserved as she was a criminal.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Police and medical staff consistently testified they thought Dhu had been faking her illness;<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Burgess said she thought Dhu had pretended to faint to get quicker treatment.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-24">[23]</a> The inquest heard that 11 police officers had received disciplinary notices for failing to follow correct procedure and that an internal police investigation found four of them had "engaged in unprofessional conduct" and their handling of the situation was "without any sense of urgency ... [they] failed to comprehend and respond to the seriousness of the situation".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Burgess received the severest disciplinary action of the eleven; a warning notice from the assistant commissioner for the "lack of urgency" she displayed after Dhu hit her head on the concrete.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> Three other officers were given written warnings and seven received verbal warnings. None of the warnings resulted in immediate disciplinary action; they only affected the officers' chances of promotion.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Most of the police officers told the inquest that at the time they did not understand the notices or the reasons they had been given them. Two of the officers who received warnings had since been promoted; Sergeant Bond had quit the police force, telling the inquest he had done so for "family reasons".<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> When asked if he treated Dhu inhumanely, Bond responded, "I wouldn't say inhumane. I would say unprofessional."<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> A medical expert testified that if Dhu's condition had been correctly diagnosed on her second visit to hospital, her life could have been saved.<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Sandra Thompson, professor of rural health at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia" title="University of Western Australia">University of Western Australia</a>, told the inquest that if Dhu had been a white middle-class person, "there would have been much more effort made to understand what was going on with that person's pain. So that's what institutional racism represents."<a href="#cite_note-paying-5">[4]</a> Senior medical officer Ganesan Sakarapani said the Hedland Health Campus did not have a culture of <a href="/wiki/Institutionalised_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutionalised racism">institutionalised racism</a> and rejected a suggestion that if Dhu had been white, she would have been treated differently.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The inquest by State Coroner <a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_Fogliani" title="Rosalinda Fogliani">Rosalinda Fogliani</a> was completed on 15 December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-coroner-4">[3]</a>: 165  Fogliani found that police had subjected Dhu to "unprofessional and inhumane" treatment that was "well below the standards that should ordinarily be expected".<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> She stated Dhu's treatment at her second hospital visit was "deficient", that both police and hospital staff had been influenced by preconceived ideas about Aboriginals,<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> and that the decision to handcuff Dhu when she was nearly unconscious was "shameful".<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> While the inquest was still open, Fogliani declined requests to release the footage of Dhu in custody, saying that Dhu's privacy outweighed the public interest. The refusal resulted in a backlash from Dhu's family and Aboriginal rights groups, who argued the refusal amounted to a "cover up" of racism. A social media campaign, using the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag_activism" title="Hashtag activism">hashtag</a> #releasethecctv, called for the footage to be released.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> Upon delivering the inquest's findings, Fogliani ordered that the footage be made public, with the exception of her third hospital visit.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> Fogliani did not recommend any criminal prosecutions against police or hospital staff,<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> though did recommend the cessation of the practice of jailing people for unpaid fines and the introduction of a mandatory CNS.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction">Reaction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reaction">edit</a>]</div> Dhu's family were unhappy with the result as the inquest did not hold any person accountable for her death, and told media they intended to pursue further legal action. WA Police Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Karl_O%27Callaghan" title="Karl O'Callaghan">Karl O'Callaghan</a> said he accepted that the police force had failed to provide for Dhu's safety, welfare and dignity. Dennis Eggington, the chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Service_of_Western_Australia" title="Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia">Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia</a> (ALSWA), said the coroner's recommendations were "fine" but they had come too late.<a href="#cite_note-inhumane-3">[2]</a> Upon receiving a copy of the inquest, Premier Barnett indicated that he would not be implementing either of its recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> Shortly after the release of the inquest, singer <a href="/wiki/Felix_Riebl" title="Felix Riebl">Felix Riebl</a> composed a tribute song titled "Ms Dhu", and released an accompanying music video criticising the police and the government over her death.<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Images of Dhu and footage of her treatment by police have circulated online in association with the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>, <a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">SayHerName</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idle_No_More" title="Idle No More">Idle No More</a> movements, which was credited with creating solidarity between Aboriginal campaigns for justice and North American and global movements.<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> An article in the journal <a href="/wiki/Social_%26_Legal_Studies" title="Social & Legal Studies">Social & Legal Studies</a> argued that Dhu's death was inherently linked to "gendered, institutional and structural racism" endemic to Australia, and that the coroner showed little consideration for this and instead attributed the death to a series of "individual failures". The article noted the inquest's finding that the only person who treated Dhu with dignity was the most inexperienced officer involved, and argued that this was because that officer had had the least amount of exposure to the culture of the WA police force.<a href="#cite_note-klip-23">[22]</a> An article in the journal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Settler_Colonial_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settler Colonial Studies (page does not exist)">Settler Colonial Studies</a> reached similar conclusions, arguing that the inquest was "a performative attempt in the maintenance of [Australia's colonial] conquest", which was "incapable of addressing the foundations of Ms. Dhu's suffering: colonial patriarchy and dispossession, in the form of the settler carceral state".<a href="#cite_note-blue-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recommendations">Recommendations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recommendations">edit</a>]</div> In June 2015, in direct response to Dhu's death, the WA state government announced that police detention would be made safer and that efforts would be made to keep some low-level offenders and youth offenders out of custody. It did not clarify whether this would include people who had unpaid fines. ALSWA welcomed the announcement but said it needed to be backed up with action. Dhu's grandmother said the proposed changes did not address all of her concerns, though they were a good start. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Francis_(politician)" title="Joe Francis (politician)">Joe Francis</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Corrective_Services_(Western_Australia)" title="Minister for Corrective Services (Western Australia)">Minister for Corrective Services</a>, opposed any plans to end jailing people for unpaid fines;<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> earlier that year he had called for even harsher penalties for fine defaulters, including longer prison sentences.<a href="#cite_note-hilde-39">[38]</a> Marc Newhouse, chairman of the DICWC WA, said Francis' proposal made government promises to reduce the incarceration rate for Aboriginals "look like a lie",<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> and University of Western Australia criminologist Hilde Tubex said such a proposal would negatively impact Indigenous people, women and those affected by poverty.<a href="#cite_note-hilde-39">[38]</a> In May 2016, a report by Neil Morgan, Inspector of Custodial Services, recommended that WA stop jailing people for unpaid fines. His report mentioned the Dhu case.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In October 2016 <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Scullion" title="Nigel Scullion">Nigel Scullion</a>, the federal <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Indigenous_Affairs_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Indigenous Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Indigenous Affairs</a>, offered to fund the first three years of implementation for any state that legislated a CNS. The WA state government rejected the offer.<a href="#cite_note-ex-42">[41]</a> In March 2017, just prior to <a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2017 Western Australian state election">the 2017 state election</a>, Dhu's family criticised both of the major political parties in WA for not supporting such a scheme. The incumbent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Western_Australian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division)">Liberal Party</a> voiced their opposition to the program while the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor Party</a> said they would consider the scheme but made no commitments. The Labor Party voiced its support for the end of the jailing of people for unpaid fines.<a href="#cite_note-guard-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compensation_payment_and_apology">Compensation payment and apology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Compensation payment and apology">edit</a>]</div> In September 2017, Dhu's family were awarded A$1.1 million <a href="/wiki/Ex_gratia" title="Ex gratia">ex gratia</a> and received a formal apology from the WA state government. The payment does not prevent Dhu's family from taking further legal action, and was separate from a civil suit lodged in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Supreme Court of Western Australia">Supreme Court of Western Australia</a> in July 2017 by them. Dhu's grandmother said she was surprised by the payment and apology, though she would have rather seen people held accountable for Dhu's death. Then <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Western_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Western Australia">Attorney-General of Western Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(politician)" title="John Quigley (politician)">John Quigley</a>, who announced the payment, also reaffirmed his intention to implement a mandatory CNS.<a href="#cite_note-ex-42">[41]</a> In October 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Australia">Australian federal government</a> was reported to be urging the other states and territories to implement a CNS. John Quigley supported such a program, saying if the Aboriginal Legal Service had been contacted about Ms Dhu's arrest "it would have been a very different outcome".<a href="#cite_note-cns-8">[7]</a> An online petition calling for the scheme was signed by almost 20,000 people in less than one week.<a href="#cite_note-cns-8">[7]</a> In May 2018, Dhu's cousin Alira Kelly-Ryder was informed a warrant for her arrest had been issued for unpaid fines.<a href="#cite_note-exclusive-17">[16]</a> Kelly-Ryder had been making regular repayments on the fines but was unable to continue doing so after she became unemployed when her work contract was not renewed. A <a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</a> campaign raised the money to pay the fines, and Kelly-Ryder then offered to pay the debt, though was informed the warrant had been withdrawn. Kelly-Ryder believed the publicity surrounding her case caused the withdrawal, though she asked "what about everybody else in my position; are you going to withdraw their [arrest warrants]?"<a href="#cite_note-cousin-18">[17]</a> At the time, a reform proposal to end jailing people for unpaid fines was expected to be introduced in the WA state parliament later in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-exclusive-17">[16]</a> In October 2018, John Quigley said he would introduce legislative amendments regarding unpaid fines in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Custody_Notification_Service_founded">Custody Notification Service founded</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Custody Notification Service founded">edit</a>]</div> In May 2018, it was announced that the WA state government had reconsidered the offer from the federal government to fund a CNS, and that the service would be operational by the end of 2018, and operated by ALSWA.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The service was delayed multiple times due to issues over funding,<a href="#cite_note-australasianlawyer-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> though was launched in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_amendments">Legislative amendments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legislative amendments">edit</a>]</div> In September 2019, an Aboriginal woman who had been violently assaulted was arrested and imprisoned by police for unpaid fines after she sought their assistance. After the incident, Quigley said the legislative amendments would be introduced "within weeks".<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Said legislation was introduced later that month,<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> and received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on 19 June 2020. On 20 June 2020, all outstanding warrants for fine defaulters were cancelled, and new warrants are no longer allowed to be issued.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctor_fined">Doctor fined</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Doctor fined">edit</a>]</div> In April 2021, Vafa Naderi, the doctor who assessed Dhu on 3 August and declared her fit to be detained, was fined $30,000 by the <a href="/wiki/State_Administrative_Tribunal_of_Western_Australia" title="State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia">State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia</a>. The Tribunal found Naderi's actions constituted professional misconduct, concluding he provided "inadequate and substantially below-standard care" to Dhu, though did not suspend him from practising medicine, noting his remorse, acknowledgement of his mistake and the fact he had no previous disciplinary charges.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_deaths_in_custody" title="Aboriginal deaths in custody">Aboriginal deaths in custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a> – American woman who died in police custody</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Dhu's first name was generally not used in media reports out of respect for <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_avoidance_practices#Naming_the_dead" title="Australian Aboriginal avoidance practices">Aboriginal naming customs</a>; however, her family gave permission for use of her full name to increase publicity for her case.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHills2016" class="citation web cs1">Hills, Ben (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180401035412/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/feature/paying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu">"Paying with her life: Justice for Julieka Dhu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/feature/paying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu">the original</a> on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paying+with+her+life%3A+Justice+for+Julieka+Dhu&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Ffeature%2Fpaying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inhumane-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inhumane_3-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2016" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (16 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180401035626/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/16/ms-dhu-endured-inhumane-treatment-by-police-before-death-in-custody-coroner">"Ms Dhu endured 'inhumane treatment' by police before death in custody – coroner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/16/ms-dhu-endured-inhumane-treatment-by-police-before-death-in-custody-coroner">the original</a> on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+endured+%27inhumane+treatment%27+by+police+before+death+in+custody+%E2%80%93+coroner&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2016%2Fdec%2F16%2Fms-dhu-endured-inhumane-treatment-by-police-before-death-in-custody-coroner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-coroner-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coroner_4-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogliani2016" class="citation web cs1">Fogliani, Rosalinda (16 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coronerscourt.wa.gov.au/_files/dhu%20finding.pdf">"Inquest into the death of Julieka Ivanna DHU"</a> (PDF). Western Australian Coroner's Report.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inquest+into+the+death+of+Julieka+Ivanna+DHU&rft.pub=Western+Australian+Coroner%27s+Report&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.aulast=Fogliani&rft.aufirst=Rosalinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coronerscourt.wa.gov.au%2F_files%2Fdhu%2520finding.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-paying-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paying_5-25">z</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHills2016" class="citation web cs1">Hills, Ben (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180401035412/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/feature/paying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu">"Paying with her life: Justice for Julieka Dhu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/feature/paying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu">the original</a> on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paying+with+her+life%3A+Justice+for+Julieka+Dhu&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Ffeature%2Fpaying-her-life-justice-julieka-dhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2016" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Amanda (16 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180621105832/https://theconversation.com/why-we-should-honour-the-humanity-of-every-person-who-dies-in-custody-57272">"Why we should honour the humanity of every person who dies in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/why-we-should-honour-the-humanity-of-every-person-who-dies-in-custody-57272">the original</a> on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Why+we+should+honour+the+humanity+of+every+person+who+dies+in+custody&rft.date=2016-04-16&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhy-we-should-honour-the-humanity-of-every-person-who-dies-in-custody-57272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180518092048/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/rciadic/national/vol5/5.html%23Heading20">"Recommendation 224, Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, 1991"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Aboriginal_Deaths_in_Custody" title="Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody">Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/rciadic/national/vol5/5.html#Heading20">the original</a> on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recommendation+224%2C+Royal+Commission+into+Aboriginal+Deaths+in+Custody%2C+1991&rft.pub=Royal+Commission+into+Aboriginal+Deaths+in+Custody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fother%2FIndigLRes%2Frciadic%2Fnational%2Fvol5%2F5.html%23Heading20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cns-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cns_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cns_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cns_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2017" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Isabella (11 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408113451/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-11/indigenous-deaths-custody-notification-scheme/9035876">"States urged to back 'life-saving' policy to prevent Indigenous deaths in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-11/indigenous-deaths-custody-notification-scheme/9035876">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=States+urged+to+back+%27life-saving%27+policy+to+prevent+Indigenous+deaths+in+custody&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-10-11%2Findigenous-deaths-custody-notification-scheme%2F9035876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guard-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guard_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guard_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2017" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (9 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408113505/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/mar/09/indigenous-groups-criticise-liberals-and-labor-in-wa-over-custody-policies">"Indigenous groups criticise Liberals and Labor in WA [Western Australia] over custody policies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/mar/09/indigenous-groups-criticise-liberals-and-labor-in-wa-over-custody-policies">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Indigenous+groups+criticise+Liberals+and+Labor+in+WA+%5BWestern+Australia%5D+over+custody+policies&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2017%2Fmar%2F09%2Findigenous-groups-criticise-liberals-and-labor-in-wa-over-custody-policies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbeck-Ripka2019" class="citation web cs1">Albeck-Ripka, Livia (24 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190317142217/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/24/world/australia/police-arrest-aboriginal-woman-fines.html">"The Police Were Called for Help. They Arrested Her Instead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/24/world/australia/police-arrest-aboriginal-woman-fines.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Police+Were+Called+for+Help.+They+Arrested+Her+Instead.&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft.aulast=Albeck-Ripka&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F24%2Fworld%2Faustralia%2Fpolice-arrest-aboriginal-woman-fines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408103756/https://thewest.com.au/news/the-kimberley-echo/big-online-support-for-no-jail-for-fine-default-ng-b88645999z">"Big online support for no jail for fine default"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a>. 8 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewest.com.au/news/the-kimberley-echo/big-online-support-for-no-jail-for-fine-default-ng-b88645999z">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Big+online+support+for+no+jail+for+fine+default&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewest.com.au%2Fnews%2Fthe-kimberley-echo%2Fbig-online-support-for-no-jail-for-fine-default-ng-b88645999z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimmo2016" class="citation web cs1">Nimmo, Julie (14 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408102343/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/the-point-with-stan-grant/article/2016/03/14/poverty-stricken-women-wa-have-no-alternative-jail-work-fines">"Poverty stricken women in WA [Western Australia] have no alternative but jail to work off fines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">National Indigenous Television</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/the-point-with-stan-grant/article/2016/03/14/poverty-stricken-women-wa-have-no-alternative-jail-work-fines">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poverty+stricken+women+in+WA+%5BWestern+Australia%5D+have+no+alternative+but+jail+to+work+off+fines&rft.pub=National+Indigenous+Television&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Fthe-point-with-stan-grant%2Farticle%2F2016%2F03%2F14%2Fpoverty-stricken-women-wa-have-no-alternative-jail-work-fines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Associated_Press2014" class="citation web cs1">Australian Associated Press (26 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180421103739/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/26/more-than-1100-people-year-jailed-unpaid-fines-wa">"More than 1,100 people a year jailed over unpaid fines in Western Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/26/more-than-1100-people-year-jailed-unpaid-fines-wa">the original</a> on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=More+than+1%2C100+people+a+year+jailed+over+unpaid+fines+in+Western+Australia&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.au=Australian+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2014%2Fnov%2F26%2Fmore-than-1100-people-year-jailed-unpaid-fines-wa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/wa-opposition-calls-for-changes-to-unpaid-fines-law-ng-fbbbbb9ad3fdfc14c2751ffc3b9092a2">"WA [Western Australia] Opposition calls for changes to unpaid fines law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perth_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Now">Perth Now</a>. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perth+Now&rft.atitle=WA+%5BWestern+Australia%5D+Opposition+calls+for+changes+to+unpaid+fines+law&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwa%2Fwa-opposition-calls-for-changes-to-unpaid-fines-law-ng-fbbbbb9ad3fdfc14c2751ffc3b9092a2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2015" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Paige (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180613145501/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/colin-barnett-admits-number-of-fine-defaulters-held-not-known/news-story/ea8fe51af6e5016e0a746350340b52d1">"Colin Barnett admits number of fine defaulters held not known"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/colin-barnett-admits-number-of-fine-defaulters-held-not-known/news-story/ea8fe51af6e5016e0a746350340b52d1">the original</a> on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Colin+Barnett+admits+number+of+fine+defaulters+held+not+known&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paige&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Findigenous%2Fcolin-barnett-admits-number-of-fine-defaulters-held-not-known%2Fnews-story%2Fea8fe51af6e5016e0a746350340b52d1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMethven2018" class="citation web cs1">Methven, Elyse (8 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180614015639/https://theconversation.com/we-need-evidence-based-law-reform-to-reduce-rates-of-indigenous-incarceration-94228">"We need evidence-based law reform to reduce rates of Indigenous incarceration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Conversation Australia">The Conversation Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/we-need-evidence-based-law-reform-to-reduce-rates-of-indigenous-incarceration-94228">the original</a> on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation+Australia&rft.atitle=We+need+evidence-based+law+reform+to+reduce+rates+of+Indigenous+incarceration&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft.aulast=Methven&rft.aufirst=Elyse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwe-need-evidence-based-law-reform-to-reduce-rates-of-indigenous-incarceration-94228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-exclusive-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exclusive_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exclusive_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exclusive_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayman-Reber2018" class="citation web cs1">Hayman-Reber, Madeline (9 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180511090908/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2018/05/09/exclusive-warrant-out-arrest-ms-dhus-cousin-over-unpaid-fines">"Exclusive: Warrant out for arrest of Ms Dhu's cousin over unpaid fines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2018/05/09/exclusive-warrant-out-arrest-ms-dhus-cousin-over-unpaid-fines">the original</a> on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Warrant+out+for+arrest+of+Ms+Dhu%27s+cousin+over+unpaid+fines&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.aulast=Hayman-Reber&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2F2018%2F05%2F09%2Fexclusive-warrant-out-arrest-ms-dhus-cousin-over-unpaid-fines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cousin-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cousin_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cousin_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinshall2018" class="citation web cs1">Minshall, Jessica (11 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180511085048/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2018/05/11/funny-you-wanted-me-go-jail-monday-warrant-dropped-ms-dhus-cousin">"'Funny, you wanted me to go to jail on Monday': Warrant dropped for Ms Dhu's cousin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2018/05/11/funny-you-wanted-me-go-jail-monday-warrant-dropped-ms-dhus-cousin">the original</a> on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Funny%2C+you+wanted+me+to+go+to+jail+on+Monday%27%3A+Warrant+dropped+for+Ms+Dhu%27s+cousin&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.aulast=Minshall&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Fnitv-news%2Farticle%2F2018%2F05%2F11%2Ffunny-you-wanted-me-go-jail-monday-warrant-dropped-ms-dhus-cousin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-relive-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-relive_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-relive_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2015" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (5 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180407123957/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/dec/05/family-re-live-pain-as-ms-dhu-inquest-searches-for-answers-over-death-in-custody">"Family re-live pain as Ms Dhu inquest searches for answers over death in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/dec/05/family-re-live-pain-as-ms-dhu-inquest-searches-for-answers-over-death-in-custody">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Family+re-live+pain+as+Ms+Dhu+inquest+searches+for+answers+over+death+in+custody&rft.date=2015-12-05&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2015%2Fdec%2F05%2Ffamily-re-live-pain-as-ms-dhu-inquest-searches-for-answers-over-death-in-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2016" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Rebecca (20 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522034304/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-20/jailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report/7433028">"Scrapping jail for fine defaulters will not tackle WA prison overcrowding, report finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-20/jailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report/7433028">the original</a> on 22 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Scrapping+jail+for+fine+defaulters+will+not+tackle+WA+prison+overcrowding%2C+report+finds&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-05-20%2Fjailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report%2F7433028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blue-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_21-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlue2016" class="citation journal cs1">Blue, Ethan (27 September 2016). "Seeing Ms. Dhu: inquest, conquest, and (in)visibility in black women's deaths in custody". Settler Colonial Studies. 7 (3): 299–320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F2201473X.2016.1229294">10.1080/2201473X.2016.1229294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151897929">151897929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Settler+Colonial+Studies&rft.atitle=Seeing+Ms.+Dhu%3A+inquest%2C+conquest%2C+and+%28in%29visibility+in+black+women%27s+deaths+in+custody&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299-320&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F2201473X.2016.1229294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151897929%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Blue&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180407114616/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/the-point-with-stan-grant/article/2016/03/14/julieka-dhus-death-custody-what-you-need-know">"Julieka Dhu's death in custody: What you need to know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. 14 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/the-point-with-stan-grant/article/2016/03/14/julieka-dhus-death-custody-what-you-need-know">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Julieka+Dhu%27s+death+in+custody%3A+What+you+need+to+know&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Fthe-point-with-stan-grant%2Farticle%2F2016%2F03%2F14%2Fjulieka-dhus-death-custody-what-you-need-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-klip-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klip_23-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlippmarkCrawley2017" class="citation journal cs1">Klippmark, Pauline; Crawley, Karen (16 October 2017). "Justice for Ms Dhu: Accounting for Indigenous Deaths in Custody in Australia". Social & Legal Studies. 27 (6): 695–715. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0964663917734415">10.1177/0964663917734415</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149347019">149347019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+%26+Legal+Studies&rft.atitle=Justice+for+Ms+Dhu%3A+Accounting+for+Indigenous+Deaths+in+Custody+in+Australia&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=695-715&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0964663917734415&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149347019%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Klippmark&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.au=Crawley%2C+Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burgess-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burgess_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-burgess_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180621111705/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-21/ms-dhu-inquest-no-compassion-for-dying-aboriginal-woman-custody/7265066">"Ms Dhu inquest: Dying woman shown no compassion; branded 'junkie' by police sergeant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. 21 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-21/ms-dhu-inquest-no-compassion-for-dying-aboriginal-woman-custody/7265066">the original</a> on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+inquest%3A+Dying+woman+shown+no+compassion%3B+branded+%27junkie%27+by+police+sergeant&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-03-21%2Fms-dhu-inquest-no-compassion-for-dying-aboriginal-woman-custody%2F7265066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenagh2016" class="citation web cs1">Menagh, Joanna (23 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180401035523/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-23/officer-thought-miss-dhu-was-faking-it-inquest-told/7270708">"Ms Dhu inquest: Sergeant thought dying woman was coming off drugs while in police cell"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-23/officer-thought-miss-dhu-was-faking-it-inquest-told/7270708">the original</a> on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+inquest%3A+Sergeant+thought+dying+woman+was+coming+off+drugs+while+in+police+cell&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.aulast=Menagh&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-03-23%2Fofficer-thought-miss-dhu-was-faking-it-inquest-told%2F7270708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001073624/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2016/dec/16/ms-dhu-death-in-custody-cctv-footage-shows-inhumane-police-treatment-video">"Ms Dhu death in custody: CCTV footage shows 'inhumane' police treatment – video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. 16 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2016/dec/16/ms-dhu-death-in-custody-cctv-footage-shows-inhumane-police-treatment-video">the original</a> on 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+death+in+custody%3A+CCTV+footage+shows+%27inhumane%27+police+treatment+%E2%80%93+video&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2Fvideo%2F2016%2Fdec%2F16%2Fms-dhu-death-in-custody-cctv-footage-shows-inhumane-police-treatment-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trig-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trig_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trig_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trig_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGartryTrigger2015" class="citation web cs1">Gartry, Laura; Trigger, Rebecca (23 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502192250/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-23/inquest-into-death-of-dhu-in-police-custody/6963244">"Police thought dying Aboriginal woman Ms Dhu was faking it, coronial inquest told"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-23/inquest-into-death-of-dhu-in-police-custody/6963244">the original</a> on 2 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Police+thought+dying+Aboriginal+woman+Ms+Dhu+was+faking+it%2C+coronial+inquest+told&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft.aulast=Gartry&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Trigger%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-11-23%2Finquest-into-death-of-dhu-in-police-custody%2F6963244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgatos2014" class="citation web cs1">Georgatos, George (19 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180407123055/http://thestringer.com.au/340th-death-since-end-of-the-royal-commission-8883%23.Wsi5rNLLfK4">"340th death since end of the Royal Commission"</a>. The Stringer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestringer.com.au/340th-death-since-end-of-the-royal-commission-8883">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stringer&rft.atitle=340th+death+since+end+of+the+Royal+Commission&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft.aulast=Georgatos&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestringer.com.au%2F340th-death-since-end-of-the-royal-commission-8883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-distressed-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-distressed_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-distressed_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribbinOwens2014" class="citation web cs1">Gribbin, Caitlyn; Owens, Dale (30 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213150009/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-23/family-distressed-by-details-of-wa-death-in-custody-ms-dhu/5835084">"Ms Dhu death: Family distressed by details of WA lockup death amid calls for urgent inquiry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-23/family-distressed-by-details-of-wa-death-in-custody-ms-dhu/5835084">the original</a> on 13 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+death%3A+Family+distressed+by+details+of+WA+lockup+death+amid+calls+for+urgent+inquiry&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=Caitlyn&rft.au=Owens%2C+Dale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-10-23%2Ffamily-distressed-by-details-of-wa-death-in-custody-ms-dhu%2F5835084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-castan-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-castan_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-castan_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-castan_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastan2014" class="citation journal cs1">Castan, Steven (2014). "Downunderallover: Developments around the country". <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Law_Journal" title="Alternative Law Journal">Alternative Law Journal</a>. 39 (2): 277–278.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternative+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Downunderallover%3A+Developments+around+the+country&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=277-278&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Castan&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton-Bradley2016" class="citation web cs1">Burton-Bradley, Robert (8 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408124845/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2015/08/04/demands-answers-anniversary-death-custody">"Demands for answers on anniversary of death in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2015/08/04/demands-answers-anniversary-death-custody">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demands+for+answers+on+anniversary+of+death+in+custody&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.aulast=Burton-Bradley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2F2015%2F08%2F04%2Fdemands-answers-anniversary-death-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquistEvershedAllam2018" class="citation news cs1">Wahlquist, Calla; Evershed, Nick; Allam, Lorena (27 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/28/we-examined-every-indigenous-death-in-custody-since-2008-this-is-why">"We examined every Indigenous death in custody since 2008. This is why"</a>. the Guardian. Retrieved 28 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+examined+every+Indigenous+death+in+custody+since+2008.+This+is+why&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft.au=Evershed%2C+Nick&rft.au=Allam%2C+Lorena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2018%2Faug%2F28%2Fwe-examined-every-indigenous-death-in-custody-since-2008-this-is-why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuartermaine2015" class="citation web cs1">Quartermaine, Craig (23 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407115934/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/aboriginal-deaths-in-custody-bring-focus-to/5855768">"Inquest finds Julieka Dhu died from pneumonia, septicaemia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2015/11/23/inquest-finds-julieka-dhu-died-pneumonia-septicaemia">the original</a> on 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inquest+finds+Julieka+Dhu+died+from+pneumonia%2C+septicaemia&rft.pub=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft.aulast=Quartermaine&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2F2015%2F11%2F23%2Finquest-finds-julieka-dhu-died-pneumonia-septicaemia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2015" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Allan (27 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180614111553/https://www.buzzfeed.com/allanclarke/family-disgusted-by-online-abuse-of-dead-woman">"Family of Woman Who Died in Jail Is Taunted By Cruel Comments Online"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/allanclarke/family-disgusted-by-online-abuse-of-dead-woman">the original</a> on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=Family+of+Woman+Who+Died+in+Jail+Is+Taunted+By+Cruel+Comments+Online&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fallanclarke%2Ffamily-disgusted-by-online-abuse-of-dead-woman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2015" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (5 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180407134626/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/dec/03/police-may-have-contributed-to-ms-dhus-death-in-custody-inquest-told">"Police 'may have contributed' to Ms Dhu's death in custody, inquest told"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/dec/03/police-may-have-contributed-to-ms-dhus-death-in-custody-inquest-told">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Police+%27may+have+contributed%27+to+Ms+Dhu%27s+death+in+custody%2C+inquest+told&rft.date=2015-12-05&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2015%2Fdec%2F03%2Fpolice-may-have-contributed-to-ms-dhus-death-in-custody-inquest-told&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306182815/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/hedland-health-campus-denies-racism-against-ms-dhu-at-aboriginal-death-in-custody-inquest/news-story/078c5855077b5593a730a9fb4546dcb9">"Hedland Health Campus denies racism against Ms Dhu at Aboriginal death in custody inquest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perth_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Now">Perth Now</a>. AAP. 26 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/hedland-health-campus-denies-racism-against-ms-dhu-at-aboriginal-death-in-custody-inquest/news-story/078c5855077b5593a730a9fb4546dcb9">the original</a> on 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perth+Now&rft.atitle=Hedland+Health+Campus+denies+racism+against+Ms+Dhu+at+Aboriginal+death+in+custody+inquest&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwestern-australia%2Fhedland-health-campus-denies-racism-against-ms-dhu-at-aboriginal-death-in-custody-inquest%2Fnews-story%2F078c5855077b5593a730a9fb4546dcb9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2017" class="citation web cs1">Day, Lauren (10 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180613134925/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-10/the-cat-empire-member-new-song-about-ms-dhu-death-in-custody/8172040">"Ms Dhu's death in custody case focus of new song by The Cat Empire's Felix Riebl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-10/the-cat-empire-member-new-song-about-ms-dhu-death-in-custody/8172040">the original</a> on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu%27s+death+in+custody+case+focus+of+new+song+by+The+Cat+Empire%27s+Felix+Riebl&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-01-10%2Fthe-cat-empire-member-new-song-about-ms-dhu-death-in-custody%2F8172040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerpitch2015" class="citation web cs1">Perpitch, Nicolas (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408120342/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-24/safer-wa-lock-ups-and-fewer-jail-sentences-after-miss-dhu-death/6570478">"Safer lock-ups, fewer jail terms for minor offenders after Ms Dhu death: WA Government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-24/safer-wa-lock-ups-and-fewer-jail-sentences-after-miss-dhu-death/6570478">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Safer+lock-ups%2C+fewer+jail+terms+for+minor+offenders+after+Ms+Dhu+death%3A+WA+Government&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Perpitch&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-06-24%2Fsafer-wa-lock-ups-and-fewer-jail-sentences-after-miss-dhu-death%2F6570478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hilde-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hilde_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilde_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620145614/https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/wa-welfare-recipients-who-avoid-paying-fines-face-longer-jail-time-ng-6b76fcb2b1edf52ca76b4b4261ab646e">"WA welfare recipients who avoid paying fines face longer jail time"</a>. Perth Now. 13 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/wa-welfare-recipients-who-avoid-paying-fines-face-longer-jail-time-ng-6b76fcb2b1edf52ca76b4b4261ab646e">the original</a> on 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perth+Now&rft.atitle=WA+welfare+recipients+who+avoid+paying+fines+face+longer+jail+time&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwa%2Fwa-welfare-recipients-who-avoid-paying-fines-face-longer-jail-time-ng-6b76fcb2b1edf52ca76b4b4261ab646e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2015" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180527071353/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/jan/13/wa-crackdown-on-fine-defaulters-a-broken-promise-says-indigenous-group">"WA crackdown on fine defaulters a broken promise, says Indigenous group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/jan/13/wa-crackdown-on-fine-defaulters-a-broken-promise-says-indigenous-group">the original</a> on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=WA+crackdown+on+fine+defaulters+a+broken+promise%2C+says+Indigenous+group&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2015%2Fjan%2F13%2Fwa-crackdown-on-fine-defaulters-a-broken-promise-says-indigenous-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2016" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Rebecca (20 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408115903/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-20/jailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report/7433028">"Scrapping jail for fine defaulters will not tackle WA prison overcrowding, report finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-20/jailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report/7433028">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Scrapping+jail+for+fine+defaulters+will+not+tackle+WA+prison+overcrowding%2C+report+finds&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-05-20%2Fjailing-fine-defaulters-wa-prison-overcrowding-report%2F7433028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ex-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ex_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ex_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2017" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (20 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180408111853/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/sep/20/ms-dhus-family-gets-11m-payment-and-state-apology-over-death-in-custody">"Ms Dhu's family gets $1.1m payment and state apology over death in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/sep/20/ms-dhus-family-gets-11m-payment-and-state-apology-over-death-in-custody">the original</a> on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu%27s+family+gets+%241.1m+payment+and+state+apology+over+death+in+custody&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2017%2Fsep%2F20%2Fms-dhus-family-gets-11m-payment-and-state-apology-over-death-in-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Kate (14 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181204021911/https://www.perthnow.com.au/politics/policy/wa-fine-defaulters-to-have-bank-accounts-wages-docked-under-radical-plan-ng-b88989328z">"WA fine defaulters to have bank accounts, wages docked under radical plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(Western_Australia)" title="The Sunday Times (Western Australia)">The Sunday Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perthnow.com.au/politics/policy/wa-fine-defaulters-to-have-bank-accounts-wages-docked-under-radical-plan-ng-b88989328z">the original</a> on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=WA+fine+defaulters+to+have+bank+accounts%2C+wages+docked+under+radical+plan&rft.date=2018-10-14&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Fpolicy%2Fwa-fine-defaulters-to-have-bank-accounts-wages-docked-under-radical-plan-ng-b88989328z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620143731/https://nit.com.au/wa-adopts-custody-hotline-in-wake-of-dhu/">"WA adopts custody hotline in wake of Dhu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Times" title="National Indigenous Times">National Indigenous Times</a>. 30 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nit.com.au/wa-adopts-custody-hotline-in-wake-of-dhu/">the original</a> on 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Indigenous+Times&rft.atitle=WA+adopts+custody+hotline+in+wake+of+Dhu&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnit.com.au%2Fwa-adopts-custody-hotline-in-wake-of-dhu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoade2018" class="citation web cs1">Coade, Melissa (4 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180620143832/https://www.lawyersweekly.com.au/wig-chamber/23368-wa-s-new-24-hour-welfare-line-to-reduce-aboriginal-deaths-in-custody">"WA's new 24-hour welfare line to reduce Aboriginal deaths in custody"</a>. Lawyer's Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawyersweekly.com.au/wig-chamber/23368-wa-s-new-24-hour-welfare-line-to-reduce-aboriginal-deaths-in-custody">the original</a> on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lawyer%27s+Weekly&rft.atitle=WA%27s+new+24-hour+welfare+line+to+reduce+Aboriginal+deaths+in+custody&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft.aulast=Coade&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawyersweekly.com.au%2Fwig-chamber%2F23368-wa-s-new-24-hour-welfare-line-to-reduce-aboriginal-deaths-in-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2018" class="citation web cs1">Langford, Sam (22 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180620143247/http://junkee.com/custody-notification-service-indigenous/159694">"WA Is Finally Taking Steps To Help Prevent Indigenous Deaths in Custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Junkee" title="Junkee">Junkee</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://junkee.com/custody-notification-service-indigenous/159694">the original</a> on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Junkee&rft.atitle=WA+Is+Finally+Taking+Steps+To+Help+Prevent+Indigenous+Deaths+in+Custody&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjunkee.com%2Fcustody-notification-service-indigenous%2F159694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-australasianlawyer-47"><a href="#cite_ref-australasianlawyer_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolor2019" class="citation web cs1">Dolor, Sol (9 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709010805/https://www.australasianlawyer.com.au/news/kwm-helps-establish-wa-aboriginal-helpline-264241.aspx">"KWM helps establish WA Aboriginal helpline"</a>. Australasian Lawyer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.australasianlawyer.com.au/news/kwm-helps-establish-wa-aboriginal-helpline-264241.aspx">the original</a> on 9 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Lawyer&rft.atitle=KWM+helps+establish+WA+Aboriginal+helpline&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft.aulast=Dolor&rft.aufirst=Sol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.australasianlawyer.com.au%2Fnews%2Fkwm-helps-establish-wa-aboriginal-helpline-264241.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquistAllam2018" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla; Allam, Lorena (29 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180829132922/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/29/states-failing-to-take-up-lifesaving-phone-service-for-indigenous-prisoners">"States failing to take up lifesaving phone service for Indigenous prisoners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/29/states-failing-to-take-up-lifesaving-phone-service-for-indigenous-prisoners">the original</a> on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=States+failing+to+take+up+lifesaving+phone+service+for+Indigenous+prisoners&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft.au=Allam%2C+Lorena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2018%2Faug%2F29%2Fstates-failing-to-take-up-lifesaving-phone-service-for-indigenous-prisoners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204023218/https://www.als.org.au/custody-notification-service-a-step-closer-to-implementation-in-wa/">"Joint media statement – Custody Notification Service a step closer to implementation in WA"</a>. Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia Limited. 23 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.als.org.au/custody-notification-service-a-step-closer-to-implementation-in-wa/">the original</a> on 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aboriginal+Legal+Service+of+Western+Australia+Limited&rft.atitle=Joint+media+statement+%E2%80%93+Custody+Notification+Service+a+step+closer+to+implementation+in+WA&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.als.org.au%2Fcustody-notification-service-a-step-closer-to-implementation-in-wa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2019" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (2 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/oct/02/western-australia-rolls-out-lifesaving-hotline-to-address-indigenous-deaths-in-custody">"Western Australia rolls out lifesaving hotline to address Indigenous deaths in custody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004161541/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/oct/02/western-australia-rolls-out-lifesaving-hotline-to-address-indigenous-deaths-in-custody">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Western+Australia+rolls+out+lifesaving+hotline+to+address+Indigenous+deaths+in+custody&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2019%2Foct%2F02%2Fwestern-australia-rolls-out-lifesaving-hotline-to-address-indigenous-deaths-in-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirini2019" class="citation web cs1">Hirini, Rangi (24 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2019/09/24/aboriginal-unpaid-fines-western-australia">"Aboriginal robbery victim jailed for unpaid fines after seeking police help"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924115548/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2019/09/24/aboriginal-unpaid-fines-western-australia">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Special+Broadcasting+Service&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+robbery+victim+jailed+for+unpaid+fines+after+seeking+police+help&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=Hirini&rft.aufirst=Rangi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Fnitv-news%2Farticle%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2Faboriginal-unpaid-fines-western-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2019" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (24 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/sep/25/wa-repeals-laws-on-jailing-for-unpaid-fines">"Western Australia repeals laws on jailing for unpaid fines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427145103/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/sep/25/wa-repeals-laws-on-jailing-for-unpaid-fines">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Western+Australia+repeals+laws+on+jailing+for+unpaid+fines&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2019%2Fsep%2F25%2Fwa-repeals-laws-on-jailing-for-unpaid-fines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/BillProgressPopup?openForm&ParentUNID=3DEEE1518D8036C54825848100052ECE">"Fines, Penalties and Infringement Notices Enforcement Amendment Bill 2019"</a>. Parliament of Western Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502060348/https://parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/BillProgressPopup?openForm&ParentUNID=3DEEE1518D8036C54825848100052ECE">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.atitle=Fines%2C+Penalties+and+Infringement+Notices+Enforcement+Amendment+Bill+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2Fparliament%2Fbills.nsf%2FBillProgressPopup%3FopenForm%26ParentUNID%3D3DEEE1518D8036C54825848100052ECE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavey2021" class="citation web cs1">Davey, Melissa (30 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/apr/30/ms-dhu-death-doctor-who-declared-aboriginal-woman-fit-to-be-detained-fined-30000">"Ms Dhu death: doctor who declared Aboriginal woman fit to be detained fined $30,000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430102717/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/apr/30/ms-dhu-death-doctor-who-declared-aboriginal-woman-fit-to-be-detained-fined-30000">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ms+Dhu+death%3A+doctor+who+declared+Aboriginal+woman+fit+to+be+detained+fined+%2430%2C000&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2021%2Fapr%2F30%2Fms-dhu-death-doctor-who-declared-aboriginal-woman-fit-to-be-detained-fined-30000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydonOxenham2016" class="citation web cs1">Lydon, Jane; Oxenham, Donna (29 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/seeing-ms-dhu-how-photographs-argue-for-human-rights-69044">"Seeing Ms Dhu: how photographs argue for human rights"</a>. The Conversation Australia. Retrieved 14 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation+Australia&rft.atitle=Seeing+Ms+Dhu%3A+how+photographs+argue+for+human+rights&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.aulast=Lydon&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Oxenham%2C+Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fseeing-ms-dhu-how-photographs-argue-for-human-rights-69044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609132132/https://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/final_report_133_amended1.pdf">"Pathways to Justice – An Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples"</a> (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia. December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/final_report_133_amended1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pathways+to+Justice+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BAn+Inquiry+into+the+Incarceration+Rate+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Peoples&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alrc.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdfs%2Fpublications%2Ffinal_report_133_amended1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+of+Ms+Dhu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2016/dec/16/ms-dhu-death-in-custody-cctv-footage-shows-inhumane-police-treatment-video">Footage of Ms Dhu in police custody</a> at <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&oldid=1244649985">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&oldid=1244649985</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Australia" title="Category:2014 in Australia">2014 in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_women%27s_history" title="Category:2014 in women's history">2014 in women's history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010s_in_Western_Australia" title="Category:2010s in Western Australia">2010s in Western Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:August_2014_events_in_Australia" title="Category:August 2014 events in Australia">August 2014 events in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_deaths" title="Category:Women deaths">Women deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_person_in_Australia" title="Category:Deaths by person in Australia">Deaths by person in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_in_police_custody_in_Australia" title="Category:Deaths in police custody in Australia">Deaths in police custody in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_who_died_in_Western_Australian_detention" title="Category:Prisoners who died in Western Australian detention">Prisoners who died in Western Australian detention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_Australia" title="Category:Women in Australia">Women in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_deaths" title="Category:2014 deaths">2014 deaths</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_December_2016" title="Category:Use Australian English from December 2016">Use Australian English from December 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2024">Use dmy dates from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2014" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 September 2024, at 09:55 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Ms_Dhu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-8p8br","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.723","walltime":"0.829","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6963,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":135096,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4294,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":222119,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 735.398 1 -total"," 50.66% 372.537 2 Template:Reflist"," 41.45% 304.795 51 Template:Cite_web"," 9.31% 68.460 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.28% 53.562 7 Template:Rp"," 6.76% 49.707 1 Template:Infobox_event"," 6.34% 46.655 7 Template:R/superscript"," 5.69% 41.878 11 Template:Main_other"," 5.55% 40.778 2 Template:Pagetype"," 3.64% 26.786 1 Template:Featured_article"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.394","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9029567,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-psqwl","timestamp":"20241122154557","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Death of Ms Dhu","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Ms_Dhu","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q24185572","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q24185572","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-11-25T23:26:21Z","dateModified":"2024-09-08T09:55:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/b\/b8\/Julieka_Dhu.jpg","headline":"death in police custody of an Australian Aboriginal woman"}</script> </body> </html>