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contents</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: nutritive contents"> <meta name="keywords" content="nutritive contents"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="nutritive contents"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1341</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: nutritive contents</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1341</span> The Effect of Fermented Organic Feed into Nutritive Contents of Kampong Chicken Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahyu%20Widodo">Wahyu Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imbang%20Dwi%20Rahayu"> Imbang Dwi Rahayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adi%20Sutanto"> Adi Sutanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the fermented organic feed to dry matter, ash, organic matter, protein, fat and crude fiber contents of kampong chicken meat. The research had conducted at January until June, 2016. One hundreds chickens were used in this research. Experimental method and completely randomized design were used to support this research. We had 4 treatment namely P0: organic feed without fermentation, P1: Organic feed with fermented rice bran, P2: Organic feed with fermented corn, P3: Organic feed with fermented rice bran and corn with 5 replication. The conclusion was the treatment had not a significant effect in the dry matter, ash, organic matter and protein contents of chicken meat. On the other hand, it had a significant effect in the fat and crude fiber contents of chicken meat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20organic%20feed" title=" fermented organic feed"> fermented organic feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents" title=" nutritive contents"> nutritive contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62184/the-effect-of-fermented-organic-feed-into-nutritive-contents-of-kampong-chicken-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1340</span> Effect of Lignocellulose-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Termite Gut on the Nutritive Value of Wheat Straw as Ruminant Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Azizi-Shotorkhoft">Ayoub Azizi-Shotorkhoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Mohammadabadi"> Tahereh Mohammadabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Motamedi"> Hosein Motamedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Chaji"> Morteza Chaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Fazaeli"> Hasan Fazaeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate nutritive value of wheat straw processed with termite gut symbiotic bacteria with lignocellulosic-degrading potential including Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Microbacterium paludicola in vitro. These bacteria were isolated by culturing termite guts contents in different culture media containing different lignin and lignocellulosic materials that had been prepared from water-extracted sawdust and wheat straw. Results showed that incubating wheat straw with all of three isolated bacteria increased (P<0.05) acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) compared to control, and highest amount of APPL observed following treatment with B. licheniformis. Highest and lowest (P<0.05) in vitro gas production and ruminal organic matter digestibility were obtained when treating wheat straw with B. licheniformis and control, respectively. However, other fermentation parameters such as b (i.e., gas production from the insoluble fermentable fractions at 144h), c (i.e., rate of gas production during incubation), ruminal dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were similar between experimental treatments (P>0.05). It is concluded that processing wheat straw with isolated bacteria improved its nutritive value as ruminants feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termite%20gut%20bacteria" title="termite gut bacteria">termite gut bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20straw" title=" wheat straw"> wheat straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminant" title=" ruminant"> ruminant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46880/effect-of-lignocellulose-degrading-bacteria-isolated-from-termite-gut-on-the-nutritive-value-of-wheat-straw-as-ruminant-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1339</span> Obtaining Nutritive Powder from Peel of Mangifera Indica L. (Mango) as a Food Additive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chajira%20Garrote">Chajira Garrote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Arango"> Laura Arango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lourdes%20Merino"> Lourdes Merino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research explains how to obtain nutritious powder from a variety of ripe mango peels Hilacha (Mangifera indica L.) to use it as a food additive. Also, this study intends to use efficiently the by-products resulting from the operations of mango pulp manufacturing process by processing companies with the aim of giving them an added value. The physical and chemical characteristics of the mango peels and the benefits that may help humans, were studied. Unit operations are explained for the processing of mango peels and the production of nutritive powder as a food additive. Emphasis is placed on the preliminary operations applied to the raw material and on the drying method, which is very important in this project to obtain the suitable characteristics of the nutritive powder. Once the powder was obtained, it was subjected to laboratory tests to determine its functional properties: water retention capacity (WRC) and oil retention capacity (ORC), also a sensory analysis for the powder was performed to determine the product profile. The nutritive powder from the ripe mango peels reported excellent WRC and ORC values: 7.236 g of water / g B.S. and 1.796 g water / g B.S. respectively and the sensory analysis defined a complete profile of color, odor and texture of the nutritive powder, which is suitable to use it in the food industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango" title="mango">mango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peel" title=" peel"> peel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive" title=" nutritive"> nutritive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20properties" title=" functional properties"> functional properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20analysis" title=" sensory analysis"> sensory analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72515/obtaining-nutritive-powder-from-peel-of-mangifera-indica-l-mango-as-a-food-additive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1338</span> Antioxidant Properties and Nutritive Value of Raw and Cooked Pool barb (Puntius sophore) of Eastern Himalayas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chungkham%20Sarojnalini">Chungkham Sarojnalini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahengbam%20Sarjubala%20Devi"> Wahengbam Sarjubala Devi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antioxidant properties and nutritive values of raw and cooked Pool barb, Puntius sophore (Hamilton-Buchanan) of Eastern Himalayas, India were determined. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the raw, steamed, fried and curried Pool barb was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 value of the raw, steamed, fried and curried Pool barb was 1.66 microgram/ml, 16.09 microgram/ml, 8.99 microgram/ml, 0.59 microgram/ml whereas the IC50 of the reference ascorbic acid was 46.66 microgram/ml. This results shows that the fish have high antioxidant activity. Protein content was found highest in raw (20.50±0.08%) and lowest in curried (18.66±0.13%). Moisture content in raw, fried and curried was 76.35±0.09, 46.27±0.14 and 57.46±0.24 respectively. Lipid content was recorded 2.46±0.14% in raw and 21.76±0.10% in curried. Ash content varies from 12.57±0.11 to 22.53±0.07%. The total aminoacids were varied from 36.79±0.02 and 288.43±0.12 mg/100 g. Eleven essential mineral elements were found abundant in all the samples. The samples had a considerable amount of Fe ranging from 152.17 to 320.39 milligram/100 gram, Ca 902.06 to 1356.02 milligram/100 gram, Zn 91.07 to 138.14 milligram/100 gram, K 193.25 to 261.56 milligram/100 gram, Mg 225.06 to 229.10 milligram/100 gram. Ni was not detected in the curried fish. The Mg and K contents were significantly decreased in frying method; however the Fe, Cu, Ca, Co and Mn content were increased significantly in all the cooked samples. The Mg and Na contents were significantly increased in curried sample and the Cr content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all the cooked samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20property" title="antioxidant property">antioxidant property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20barb" title=" pool barb"> pool barb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoacids" title=" aminoacids"> aminoacids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20composition" title=" proximate composition"> proximate composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking%20methods" title=" cooking methods"> cooking methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3155/antioxidant-properties-and-nutritive-value-of-raw-and-cooked-pool-barb-puntius-sophore-of-eastern-himalayas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1337</span> Evaluation of Simple, Effective and Affordable Processing Methods to Reduce Phytates in the Legume Seeds Used for Feed Formulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Masevhe">N. A. Masevhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nemukula"> M. Nemukula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Gololo"> S. S. Gololo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20G.%20Kgosana"> K. G. Kgosana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Study Significance: Legume seeds are important in agriculture as they are used for feed formulations due to their nutrient-dense, low-cost, and easy accessibility. Although they are important sources of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, they contain abundant quantities of anti-nutritive factors that reduce the bioavailability of nutrients, digestibility of proteins, and mineral absorption in livestock. However, the removal of these factors is too costly as it requires expensive state-of-the-art techniques such as high pressure and thermal processing. Basic Methodologies: The aim of the study was to investigate cost-effective methods that can be used to reduce the inherent phytates as putative antinutrients in the legume seeds. The seeds of Arachis hypogaea, Pisum sativum and Vigna radiata L. were subjected to the single processing methods viz raw seeds plus dehulling (R+D), soaking plus dehulling (S+D), ordinary cooking plus dehulling (C+D), infusion plus dehulling (I+D), autoclave plus dehulling (A+D), microwave plus dehulling (M+D) and five combined methods (S+I+D; S+A+D; I+M+D; S+C+D; S+M+D). All the processed seeds were dried, ground into powder, extracted, and analyzed on a microplate reader to determine the percentage of phytates per dry mass of the legume seeds. Phytic acid was used as a positive control, and one-way ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences between the means of the processing methods at a threshold of 0.05. Major Findings: The results of the processing methods showed the percentage yield ranges of 39.1-96%, 67.4-88.8%, and 70.2-93.8% for V. radiata, A. hypogaea and P. sativum, respectively. Though the raw seeds contained the highest contents of phytates that ranged between 0.508 and 0.527%, as expected, the R+D resulted in a slightly lower phytate percentage range of 0.469-0.485%, while other processing methods resulted in phytate contents that were below 0.35%. The M+D and S+M+D methods showed low phytate percentage ranges of 0.276-0.296% and 0.272-0.294%, respectively, where the lowest percentage yield was determined in S+M+D of P. sativum. Furthermore, these results were found to be significantly different (p<0.05). Though phytates cause micronutrient deficits as they chelate important minerals such as calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium, their reduction may enhance nutrient bioavailability since they cannot be digested by the ruminants. Concluding Statement: Despite the nutritive aspects of the processed legume seeds, which are still in progress, the M+D and S+M+D methods, which significantly reduced the phytates in the investigated legume seeds, may be recommended to the local farmers and feed-producing industries so as to enhance animal health and production at an affordable cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-nutritive%20factors" title="anti-nutritive factors">anti-nutritive factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legume%20seeds" title=" legume seeds"> legume seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytate" title=" phytate"> phytate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188412/evaluation-of-simple-effective-and-affordable-processing-methods-to-reduce-phytates-in-the-legume-seeds-used-for-feed-formulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1336</span> The Effect of Some Microorganisms from Gastrointestinal Tracts on the Nutritive Value of Broiler Diets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sangsoponjit">S. Sangsoponjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Suphalucksana"> W. Suphalucksana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Soytong"> K. Soytong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 2x2 factorial experiment was carried out to determine the effects of two levels of diet supplemented with and without microorganisms in combination with and without feed sterilisation on the nutritive value of broiler diets with four replications in each treatment. Some microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens were supplemented in commercial broiler diets. They were bacterial (BC-NA-01), actinomycetes (BI-NA-03, BC-NA-02 and BL-NA-02), Aspergillus niger sp.(BD-PDA-01), Mucor sp.(BL-PDA-02), Rhizopus stolonifer sp.(BI-PDA-02) and Trichoderma sp.(BL-PDA-02). The results of the proximate analysis revealed that the diet supplemented with microorganisms had a higher percentage of DM and CF in the starter diet(0-3 wks), grower diet(4-5wks) and finisher diet (last period) than the diet without microorganisms (p<0.05). Also, they were higher in the percentage of CP in the starter diet and EE in both the starter diet and grower diet than the diet without microorganisms (p<0.05). The sterilised diet had a higher percentage of moisture than the non-sterilized diet (p<0.01). Also, they were higher in the percentage of CP in the starter diet and CF in both the grower diet and finisher diet than the non-sterilized diet (p<0.05). The sterilized diet supplemented with microorganisms was higher in ME than the non-sterilize diet without microorganisms in the starter diet, grower diet and finisher diet (P<0.01). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title="microorganisms">microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20tract" title=" gastrointestinal tract"> gastrointestinal tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20diets" title=" broiler diets"> broiler diets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15538/the-effect-of-some-microorganisms-from-gastrointestinal-tracts-on-the-nutritive-value-of-broiler-diets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1335</span> Nutritive Value of Three-Stage Olive Cake (Olea europaea L.) for Growing Rabbit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahia%20Dorbane">Zahia Dorbane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Ammar%20Kadi"> Si Ammar Kadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalila%20Boudouma"> Dalila Boudouma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thierry%20Gidenne"> Thierry Gidenne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In rabbits feeding, minimum fibre intake is essential to avoid digestive disorders. However, this concentration of fibre is not easy to obtain when formulating feeds, without reduction of nutritional value. Three stage olive cake, the residual material after oil extraction by centrifugation, including pulp and stones, can be used as a fibre source in rabbit diet. The incorporation of olive cake can allow a better balance between different fibre fractions and reduce health disorder. However, for practical use of any raw material, it is necessary to know its chemical and nutritive value. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritive value of three-stage olive cake (TSOC) for growing rabbits. Thus, 36 rabbits weaned at 35 days (702.8 ± 28.5) were divided into three groups of 12 receiving one of the following diets: control with 0% of TSOC, TSOC10 (10% of TSOC) and TSOC20 (20% TSOC). The rabbits were individually housed in digestibility cages and received ad libitum one of the three diets, fresh and clean water was provided ad libitum. After an adaptation period of 7d, feces were collected for 4d. Collected feces were frozen and stored for further analysis. The chemical composition of TSOC shows that it is a rich fiber raw material since it contains (%DM): 6% of CP; 7.4% of EE; 78.7% of NDF; 55.4% of ADF and 24.3% of ADL. The inclusion of TSOC at 20% of basal diet reduced the digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein and NDF from 67.8 to 55.3%, 80.4 to 75.3% and from 31.5 to 18.4% (p < 0.001) respectively. The digestible energy and digestible protein content of the three-stage olive cake estimated by regression was 2.94 ± 0.52MJ DE/kg DM and 22.4 ± 6 g DP/kg DM respectively. In conclusion, based on the results of the present experiment, the three-stage olive cake can be used as a fibre source for rabbit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestibility" title="digestibility">digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20cake" title=" olive cake"> olive cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabbit" title=" rabbit"> rabbit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106579/nutritive-value-of-three-stage-olive-cake-olea-europaea-l-for-growing-rabbit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1334</span> Uses and Gratification with the Website Secret-thai.com</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siriporn%20Meenanan">Siriporn Meenanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to study about the uses and gratification of the sample who use the website that named secret-thai.com which provides moral contents, inspires, and builds up the spirit. The study found that the samples mainly use this website to follow up on the dharma activities. They also use the space as the web board to discuss about dharma issues. Moreover, the contents help readers to relax and also provides the guidelines to deal with stress and uncomfortable situations properly. The samples found to be most satisfied. In other words, the samples found the contents of the website are complete, and can cover their needs. Moreover, they found that contents useful in their ways of living. In addition, they are satisfied with the beautiful and interesting design of the website and well classification of the contents that readers can easily find the information that they want. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uses%20and%20gratification" title="uses and gratification">uses and gratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website" title=" website"> website</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Secret-Thai.com" title=" Secret-Thai.com"> Secret-Thai.com</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20contents" title=" moral contents"> moral contents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56197/uses-and-gratification-with-the-website-secret-thaicom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1333</span> A Development of Personalized Edutainment Contents through Storytelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Kyeong%20Cha">Min Kyeong Cha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Yeon%20Mun"> Ju Yeon Mun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Baeg%20Kim"> Seong Baeg Kim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, ‘play of learning’ became important and is emphasized as a useful learning tool. Therefore, interest in edutainment contents is growing. Storytelling is considered first as a method that improves the transmission of information and learner's interest when planning edutainment contents. In this study, we designed edutainment contents in the form of an adventure game that applies the storytelling method. This content provides questions and items constituted dynamically and reorganized learning contents through analysis of test results. It allows learners to solve various questions through effective iterative learning. As a result, the learners can reach mastery learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storytelling" title="storytelling">storytelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edutainment" title=" edutainment"> edutainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastery%20learning" title=" mastery learning"> mastery learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20operating%20%20principle" title=" computer operating principle"> computer operating principle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2573/a-development-of-personalized-edutainment-contents-through-storytelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> The Effects of External Daminozide (ALAR) Application on Nutrient Contents in Memecik Olive Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahriye%20Sonmez">Sahriye Sonmez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salih%20Ulger"> Salih Ulger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Kaplan"> Mustafa Kaplan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Karhan"> Mustafa Karhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of external ALAR application on nutrients contents in leaf and node in ‘on (bearing)’ and ‘off (non-bearing)’ years in Memecik olive trees. For this purpose; 2000 mg L-1 ALAR was externally applied to Memecik olive trees, and leaf and node samples from olive trees were taken during the induction, initiation and differentiation periods in ‘on’ and ‘off’ years. Nutrients contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in leaf and node samples were determined. The K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Nitrogen by Kjeldahl procedure, and P by a spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents in ‘on’ year were higher than ‘off’ year while the K contents in ‘on’ year were lower than ‘off ‘ year, but the P content was not different. The N, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn contents in leaf samples were higher in the node samples except for K while the P, Zn and Cu contents were not different. The N, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents were lowest during the initiation period while the P content was highest in this period. The Mg content was not different in all period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title="bearing">bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation%20period" title=" differentiation period"> differentiation period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20period" title=" induction period"> induction period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initiation%20period" title=" initiation period"> initiation period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20bearing" title=" non bearing"> non bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive" title=" olive"> olive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61328/the-effects-of-external-daminozide-alar-application-on-nutrient-contents-in-memecik-olive-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> Nutritional Potential and Functionality of Whey Powder Influenced by Different Processing Temperature and Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarmina%20Gillani">Zarmina Gillani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuzhat%20Huma"> Nuzhat Huma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Sameen"> Aysha Sameen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulazim%20Hussain%20Bukhari"> Mulazim Hussain Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whey is an excellent food ingredient owing to its high nutritive value and its functional properties. However, composition of whey varies depending on composition of milk, processing conditions, processing method, and its whey protein content. The aim of this study was to prepare a whey powder from raw whey and to determine the influence of different processing temperatures (160 and 180 °C) on the physicochemical, functional properties during storage of 180 days and on whey protein denaturation. Results have shown that temperature significantly (P < 0.05) affects the pH, acidity, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), protein total soluble solids, fat and lactose contents. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI), and a lower turbidity and solubility index (SI) were observed in whey powder processed at 160 °C compared to whey powder processed at 180 °C. During storage of 180 days, slow but progressive changes were noticed on the physicochemical and functional properties of whey powder. Reverse phase-HPLC analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of temperature on whey protein contents. Denaturation of β-Lactoglobulin is followed by α-lacalbumin, casein glycomacropeptide (CMP/GMP), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20powder" title="whey powder">whey powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denaturation" title=" denaturation"> denaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20phase" title=" reverse phase"> reverse phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71225/nutritional-potential-and-functionality-of-whey-powder-influenced-by-different-processing-temperature-and-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> Recovery of Proteins from EDAM Whey Using Membrane Ultrafiltration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Yelles-Allam">F. Yelles-Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Nouani"> A. A. Nouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Algeria, whey is discarded without any treatment and this causes not only pollution problem, but also a loss in nutritive components of milk. In this paper, characterization of EDAM whey, which is resulted from pasteurised mixture of cow’s milk and skim milk, and recovery of whey protein by ultrafiltration / diafiltration, was studied. The physical-chemical analysis of whey has emphasized on its pollutant and nutritive characteristics. In fact, its DBO5 and DCO are 49.33, and 127.71 gr of O2/l of whey respectively. It contains: fat (1,90±0,1 gr/l), lactose (47.32±1,57 gr/l), proteins (8.04±0,2 gr/l) and ashes (5,20±0,15 gr/l), calcium (0,48±0,04 gr/l), Na (1.104gr/l), K (1.014 gr/l), Mg (0.118 gr/l) and P (0.482 gr/l). Ultrafiltration was carried out in a polyetersulfone membrane with a cut-off of 10K. Its hydraulic intrinsic resistance and permeability are respectively: 2.041.1012 m-1 and 176,32 l/h.m2 at PTM of 1 bar. The retentate obtained at FC6, contains 16,33g/l of proteins and 70,25 g/l of dry matter. The retention rate of protein is 97, 7% and the decrease in DBO5 and DCO are at 18.875 g /l and 42.818 g/l respectively. Diafiltration performed on protein concentrates allowed the complete removal of lactose and minerals. The ultrafiltration of the whey before the disposal is an alternative for Algéria dairy industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diafiltration" title="diafiltration">diafiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBO" title=" DBO"> DBO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCO" title=" DCO"> DCO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration" title=" ultrafiltration"> ultrafiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey" title=" whey"> whey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46499/recovery-of-proteins-from-edam-whey-using-membrane-ultrafiltration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment And Effect On Weight Gain Of Infant Formulae Prepared From Locally Available Materia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20T.%20Johnson">J. T. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Atule"> R. A. Atule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Gbodo"> E. Gbodo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, local and readily available raw materials where used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings, and fish bone. The materials where dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was conducted on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 standard and results reveals that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein, and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in both carbohydrate and protein, the new infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre, and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals where found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino Wistar rats while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight was measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulation" title="formulation">formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local" title=" local"> local</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26012/formulation-nutritive-value-assessment-and-effect-on-weight-gain-of-infant-formulae-prepared-from-locally-available-materia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> Online Topic Model for Broadcasting Contents Using Semantic Correlation Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Uk%20Kwak">Chang-Uk Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Joong%20Kim"> Sun-Joong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Bae%20Park"> Seong-Bae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Jo%20Lee"> Sang-Jo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a method of learning topics for broadcasting contents. There are two kinds of texts related to broadcasting contents. One is a broadcasting script which is a series of texts including directions and dialogues. The other is blogposts which possesses relatively abstracted contents, stories and diverse information of broadcasting contents. Although two texts range over similar broadcasting contents, words in blogposts and broadcasting script are different. In order to improve the quality of topics, it needs a method to consider the word difference. In this paper, we introduce a semantic vocabulary expansion method to solve the word difference. We expand topics of the broadcasting script by incorporating the words in blogposts. Each word in blogposts is added to the most semantically correlated topics. We use word2vec to get the semantic correlation between words in blogposts and topics of scripts. The vocabularies of topics are updated and then posterior inference is performed to rearrange the topics. In experiments, we verified that the proposed method can learn more salient topics for broadcasting contents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting%20script%20analysis" title="broadcasting script analysis">broadcasting script analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20expansion" title=" topic expansion"> topic expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20correlation%20analysis" title=" semantic correlation analysis"> semantic correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word2vec" title=" word2vec"> word2vec</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43213/online-topic-model-for-broadcasting-contents-using-semantic-correlation-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Analysis of Alliin and Allicin Contents in Allium tuncelianum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ipek">M. Ipek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cansev"> A. Cansev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ipek"> A. Ipek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sahan"> Y. Sahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Allium tuncelianum is a close relative of cultivated garlic (A. sativum L.) and naturally grows only in eastern part of Turkey. This species has mild garlic odor and therefore, it is locally consumed as garlic by collecting from its natural flora. This over collection threatens the species to extinction. Although it has morphological resemblance to cultivated garlic, the nutritional value of the species has not been characterized very well. Alliin and allicin are two predominant organosulfur compounds found in cultivated garlic. Allicin derived from alliin precursor gives garlic characteristic odor and most of the garlic health benefits are attributed to this compound. The aims of this work were to determine alliin and allicin contents of A. tuncelianum and to compare them with those of cultivated garlic, onion (A. cepa L.) and leek (A. porrum L.). Alliin and allicin were extracted from 400 mg lyophilized samples and 10 µl extracts were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography attached with diode array detector. The alliin contents of A. tuncelianum genotypes ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 mg/g and the allicin contents changed from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/g, whereas alliin and allicin contents of garlic genotypes ranged from 20.0 to 30.0 mg/g and 3.0 to 6.0 mg/g, respectively. On the other hand, we did not detect any measurable alliin and allicin in onion or leek tissues. In conclusion, alliin and allicin contents of A. tuncelianum were characterized first time in this study, which are about 20% of alliin and allicin contents of cultivated garlic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allicin" title="allicin">allicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alliin" title=" alliin"> alliin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allium%20tuncelianum" title=" Allium tuncelianum"> Allium tuncelianum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title=" garlic"> garlic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63253/analysis-of-alliin-and-allicin-contents-in-allium-tuncelianum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Impact of Mixed Prey Population on Predation Potential and Food Preference of a Predaceous Ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Pervez">Ahmad Pervez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigated predation potential and food preference of different life stages of a predaceous ladybird Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleptera: Coccinellidae) using a nutritive food (mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi) and a toxic food (cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae). We gave monotypic prey, L. erysimi, then B. brassicae to all life stages and found that second, third and fourth instars and adult female C. septempunctata daily consumed greater number of former prey. However, the first instar and the adult male equally consumed both the prey. In choice condition, each larva, adult male and female consumed mixed aphid diet separately in three proportions (i.e. low: high, equal: equal and high: low densities of L. erysimi: B. brassicae). We hypothesized that life stages of C. septempunctata will prefer L. erysimi regardless of its proportions. Laboratory experiment supported this hypothesis only at the adult level showing high values of β and C preference indices. However, it rejects this hypothesis at the larval level, as larvae preferred B. brassicae in certain combinations and showed no preference in a few combinations. We infer that mixing of nutritive diet in a toxic diet may possibly overcome the probable nutritive deficiency and/or reduces the toxicity of toxic diet, especially to the larvae of C. septempunctata. Consumption of high proportion of B. brassicae mixed with fewer L. erysimi suggests that mixed diet could be better for the development of immature stages of C. septempunctata. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coccinella%20septempunctata" title="Coccinella septempunctata">Coccinella septempunctata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predatory%20potential" title=" predatory potential"> predatory potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prey%20preference" title=" prey preference"> prey preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lipaphis%20erysimi" title=" Lipaphis erysimi"> Lipaphis erysimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brevicoryne%20brassicae" title=" Brevicoryne brassicae"> Brevicoryne brassicae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80698/impact-of-mixed-prey-population-on-predation-potential-and-food-preference-of-a-predaceous-ladybird-coccinella-septempunctata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> Determination of in Situ Degradation Kinetics of Some Legumes Waste Unused for Human Consumption </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eevket%20Evci">Şevket Evci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Akif%20Karsli"> Mehmet Akif Karsli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to determine nutrient contents, in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and protein fractions of screenings bean (B), chick pea (ChP), red lentil (RL) and green lentil (GL) that is used as residue in grain legume packing industry. For this purpose, four samples of each legumes species-a total of 16 samples, collected from different parts of our country were utilized. Feedstuffs used in the experiment were incubated for 0, 2 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours in the rumen of 3 ruminally cannulated Akkaraman rams as duplicate. The nutrient contents, in situ ruminal dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities and fractions, and escape protein contents were evaluated. The highest OM and CP contents were observed in RL (P<0.05). Chick pea had the highest ether extract (EE) content and EE values were 3.47, 6.72, 2.26, 8.66 % for RL, B, GL and ChP, respectively (P<0.05). Crude fiber (CF), ADF, and NDF contents were the highest in RL and the lowest in ChP. CF values were 24.03, 10.80, 4.09 and 3.57 % for RL, GL, B and ChP (P<0.05). Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content of samples did not differ. Escape protein content was the highest in RL and the lowest in B (P<0.05). After 48 h incubation, the lowest OM and CP degradabilities were observed in RL. While the highest OM degradability was seen in ChP the highest CP degradability was observed in B (P<0.05). The lowest water soluble OM and CP contents were observed in RL whereas the highest potentially degradable OM and CP contents were seen in B and ChP (P<0.05). Both rate of OM and CP degradations (k-1) did not differ among samples (P>0.05). In conclusion, it was noted that feedstuffs (GL, ChP and B) used in the experiment except RL had a greater ruminal degradibilities of both OM and CP and moreover, had a higher escape protein contents, except B. It was thought that these feedstuffs can be substituted with some of common protein sources used in animal nutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ" title="in situ">in situ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20contents" title=" nutrient contents"> nutrient contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminant" title=" ruminant"> ruminant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsieve" title=" subsieve"> subsieve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31554/determination-of-in-situ-degradation-kinetics-of-some-legumes-waste-unused-for-human-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> Determination of the Element Contents in Turkish Coffee and Effect of Sugar Addition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Fercan">M. M. Fercan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Dere%20Ozdemir"> O. Dere Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Piskin"> M. B. Piskin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coffee is a widely consumed beverage with many components such as caffeine, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and minerals. Coffee consumption continues to increase due to its physiological effects, its pleasant taste, and aroma. Robusta and Arabica are two basic types of coffee beans. The coffee bean used for Turkish coffee is Arabica. There are many elements in the structure of coffee and have various effect on human health such as Sodium (Na), Boron (B), Magnesium (Mg) and Iron (Fe). In this study, the amounts of Mg, Na, Fe, and B contents in Turkish coffee are determined and effect of sugar addition is investigated for conscious consumption. The analysis of the contents of coffees was determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). From the results of the experiments the Mg, Na, Fe and B contents of Turkish coffee after sugar addition were found as 19.83, 1.04, 0.02, 0.21 ppm, while without using sugar these concentrations were found 21.46, 0.81, 0.008 and 0.16 ppm. In addition, element contents were calculated for 1, 3 and 5 cups of coffee in order to investigate the health effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20effect" title="health effect">health effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-OES" title=" ICP-OES"> ICP-OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar" title=" sugar"> sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20coffee" title=" Turkish coffee"> Turkish coffee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36877/determination-of-the-element-contents-in-turkish-coffee-and-effect-of-sugar-addition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1323</span> Bioaccessible Phenolics, Phenolic Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Pumpkin Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Aydin">Emine Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duygu%20Gocmen"> Duygu Gocmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pumpkin flour (PF) has a long shelf life and can be used as a nutritive, functional (antioxidant properties, phenolic contents, etc.) and coloring agent in many food items, especially in bakery products, sausages, instant noodles, pasta and flour mixes. Pre-treatment before drying is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of a final powdered product. Pretreatment, such as soaking in a bisulfite solution, provides that total carotenoids in raw materials rich in carotenoids, especially pumpkins, are retained in the dried product. This is due to the beneficial effect of antioxidant additives in the protection of carotenoids in the dehydrated plant foods. The oxygen present in the medium is removed by the radical SO₂, and thus the carotene degradation caused by the molecular oxygen is inhibited by the presence of SO₂. In this study, pumpkin flours (PFs) produced by two different applications (with or without metabisulfite pre-treatment) and then dried in a freeze dryer. The phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pumpkin flour were determined. In addition to this, the compound of bioavailable phenolic substances which is obtained by PF has also been investigated using in vitro methods. As a result of researches made in recent years, it has been determined that all nutrients taken with foodstuffs are not bioavailable. Bioavailability changes depending on physical properties, chemical compounds, and capacities of individual digestion of foods. Therefore in this study; bioaccessible phenolics and phenolic bioaccessibility were also determined. The phenolics of the samples with metabisulfite application were higher than those of the samples without metabisulfite pre-treatment. Soaking in metabisulfite solution might have a protective effect for phenolic compounds. Phenolics bioaccessibility of pumpkin flours was investigated in order to assess pumpkin flour as sources of accessible phenolics. The higher bioaccessible phenolics (384.19 mg of GAE 100g⁻¹ DW) and phenolic bioaccessibility values (33.65 mL 100 mL⁻¹) were observed in the pumpkin flour with metabisulfite pre-treatment. Metabisulfite application caused an increase in bioaccessible phenolics of pumpkin flour. According to all assay (ABTS, CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP) results, both free and bound phenolics of pumpkin flour with metabisulfite pre-treatment had higher antioxidant activity than those of the sample without metabisulfite pre-treatment. The samples subjected to MS pre-treatment exhibited higher antioxidant activities than those of the samples without MS pre-treatment, this possibly due to higher phenolic contents of the samples with metabisulfite applications. As a result, metabisulfite application caused an increase in phenolic contents, bioaccessible phenolics, phenolic bioaccessibility and antioxidant activities of pumpkin flour. It can be said that pumpkin flour can be used as an alternative functional and nutritional ingredient in bakery products, dairy products (yoghurt, ice-cream), soups, sauces, infant formulae, confectionery, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pumpkin%20flour" title="pumpkin flour">pumpkin flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccessible%20phenolics" title=" bioaccessible phenolics"> bioaccessible phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20bioaccessibility" title=" phenolic bioaccessibility"> phenolic bioaccessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity "> antioxidant activity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69035/bioaccessible-phenolics-phenolic-bioaccessibility-and-antioxidant-activity-of-pumpkin-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1322</span> Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Instant Fruit Green Tea Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akanit%20Pisalwadcharin">Akanit Pisalwadcharin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komate%20Satayawut"> Komate Satayawut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virachnee%20Lohachoompol"> Virachnee Lohachoompol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green tea, mangosteen and pomegranate contain high levels of bioactive compounds which have antioxidant effects and great potential in food applications. The aim of this study was to produce and determine catechin contents, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of two instant fruit green tea powders which were green tea fortified with mangosteen juice and green tea fortified with pomegranate juice. Seventy percent of hot water extract of green tea was mixed with 30% of mangosteen juice or pomegranate juice, and then spray-dried using a spray dryer. The results showed that the drying conditions optimized for the highest total phenolic contents, catechin contents and antioxidant activity of both powders were the inlet air temperature of 170°C, outlet air temperatures of 90°C and maltodextrin concentration of 30%. The instant green tea with mangosteen powder had total phenolic contents, catechin contents and antioxidant activity of 19.18 (mg gallic acid/kg), 85.44 (mg/kg) and 4,334 (µmoles TE/100 g), respectively. The instant green tea with pomegranate powder had total phenolic contents, catechin contents and antioxidant activity of 32.72 (mg gallic acid/kg), 156.36 (mg/kg) and 6,283 (µmoles TE/100 g), respectively. The phenolic compounds in instant green tea with mangosteen powder comprised of tannic acid (2,156.87 mg/kg), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (898.23 mg/kg) and rutin (13.74 mg/kg). Also, the phenolic compounds in instant green tea with pomegranate powder comprised of tannic acid (2,275.82 mg/kg), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (981.23 mg/kg), rutin (14.97 mg/kg) and i-quercetin (5.86 mg/kg). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20tea" title="green tea">green tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mangosteen" title=" mangosteen"> mangosteen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pomegranate" title=" pomegranate"> pomegranate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58736/bioactive-compounds-and-antioxidant-capacity-of-instant-fruit-green-tea-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1321</span> Estimation of the Nutritive Value of Local Forage Cowpea Cultivars in Different Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20Alghamdi">Salem Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genotypes collected from farmers at a different region of Saudi Arabia as well as from Egyptian cultivar and a new line from Yamen. Seeds of these genotypes were grown in Dirab Agriculture Research Station, (Middle Region) and Al-Ahsa Palms and Dates Research Center (East region), during summer of 2015. Field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design on the first week of June with three replications. Each experiment plot contained 6 rows 3m in length. Inter- and intra-row spacing was 60 and 25cm, respectively. Seed yield and its components were estimated in addition to qualitative characters on cowpea plants grown only in Dirab using cowpea descriptor from IPGRI, 1982. Seeds for chemical composite and antioxidant contents were analyzed. Highly significant differences were detected between genotypes in both locations and the combined of two locations for seed yield and its components. Mean data clearly show exceeded determine genotypes in seed yield while indeterminate genotypes had higher biological yield that divided cowpea genotypes to two main groups 1- forage genotypes (KSU-CO98, KSU-CO99, KSU-CO100, and KSU-CO104) that were taller and produce higher branches, biological yield and these are suitable to feed on haulm 2- food genotypes (KSU-CO101, KSU-CO102, and KSU-CO103) that produce higher seed yield with lower haulm and also these genotypes characters by high seed index and light seed color. Highly significant differences were recorded for locations in all studied characters except the number of branches, seed index, and biological yield, however, the interaction of genotype x location was significant only for plant height, the number of pods and seed yield per plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cowpea" title="Cowpea">Cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotypes" title=" genotypes"> genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20contents" title=" antioxidant contents"> antioxidant contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51143/estimation-of-the-nutritive-value-of-local-forage-cowpea-cultivars-in-different-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1320</span> Evaluation of the Implementation of Public Examination Chief Examiners’ Reports in Mathematics Curriculum Contents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oginni%20Omoniyi%20Israel">Oginni Omoniyi Israel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study evaluated the implementation of public examination Chief Examiners’ Reports (CER) in mathematics curriculum contents in Ekiti State Senior Secondary schools, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. The sample consisted of 60 mathematics teachers and 120 students using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The instruments used were “Questionnaire on Teachers Implementation of Chief Examiners’ Report and Mathematics Curriculum Contents (QTICERMCC) and Questionnaire on Students Knowledge of Chief Examiners’ Report and Mathematics Curriculum Contents Implementation (SIERMCC)”. The validity of the instruments was carried out by experts, while the reliability coefficients of 0.85 and 0.87 were obtained through Cronbach’s Alpha formula. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between awareness, availability, and accessibility of CER as well as mathematics curriculum contents. There was also a significant relationship in the implementation of CER in mathematics between teachers and students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the examination bodies should organize an enlightment programme annually to create awareness of the utilization of CER among the stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chief%20examiners%E2%80%99%20reports" title=" chief examiners’ reports"> chief examiners’ reports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20contents" title=" curriculum contents"> curriculum contents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190064/evaluation-of-the-implementation-of-public-examination-chief-examiners-reports-in-mathematics-curriculum-contents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1319</span> Proximate and Amino Acid Composition of Amaranthus hybridus (Spinach), Celosia argentea (Cock's Comb) and Solanum nigrum (Black nightshade)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Oladeji">S. O. Oladeji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Saleh"> I. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Adamu"> A. U. Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Fowotade"> S. A. Fowotade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proximate composition, trace metal level and amino acid composition of Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentea and Solanum nigrum were determined. These vegetables were high in their ash contents. Twelve elements were determined: calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, nickel, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and zinc using flame photometer, atomic absorption and UV-Visible spectrophotometers. Calcium levels were highest ranged between 145.28±0.38 to 235.62±0.41mg/100g in all the samples followed by phosphorus. Quantitative chromatographic analysis of the vegetables hydrolysates revealed seventeen amino acids with concentration of leucine (6.51 to 6.66±0.21g/16gN) doubling that of isoleucine (2.99 to 3.33±0.21g/16gN) in all the samples while the limiting amino acids were cystine and methionine. The result showed that these vegetables were of high nutritive values and could be adequate used as supplement in diet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate" title="proximate">proximate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title=" amino acids"> amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaranthus%20hybridus" title=" Amaranthus hybridus"> Amaranthus hybridus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celosia%20argentea" title=" Celosia argentea"> Celosia argentea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solanum%20nigrum" title=" Solanum nigrum"> Solanum nigrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22066/proximate-and-amino-acid-composition-of-amaranthus-hybridus-spinach-celosia-argentea-cocks-comb-and-solanum-nigrum-black-nightshade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1318</span> Effects of Roasting as Preservative Method on Food Value of the Runner Groundnuts, Arachis hypogaea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Maila">M. Y. Maila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Makhubele"> H. P. Makhubele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Roasting is one of the oldest preservation method used in foods such as nuts and seeds. It is a process by which heat is applied to dry foodstuffs without the use of oil or water as a carrier. Groundnut seeds, also known as peanuts when sun dried or roasted, are among the oldest oil crops that are mostly consumed as a snack, after roasting in many parts of South Africa. However, roasting can denature proteins, destroy amino acids, decrease nutritive value and induce undesirable chemical changes in the final product. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of various roasting times on the food value of the runner groundnut seeds. A constant temperature of 160 °C and various time-intervals (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) were used for roasting groundnut seeds in an oven. Roasted groundnut seeds were then cooled and milled to flour. The milled sundried, raw groundnuts served as reference. The proximate analysis (moisture, energy and crude fats) was performed and the results were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant content was determined using HPLC. Mineral (cobalt, chromium, silicon and iron) contents were determined by first digesting the ash of sundried and roasted seed samples in 3M Hydrochloric acid and then determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. All results were subjected to ANOVA through SAS software. Relative to the reference, roasting time significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced moisture (71%–88%), energy (74%) and crude fat (5%–64%) of the runner groundnut seeds, whereas the antioxidant content was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased (35%–72%) with increasing roasting time. Similarly, the tested mineral contents of the roasted runner groundnut seeds were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced at all roasting times: cobalt (21%–83%), chromium (48%–106%) and silicon (58%–77%). However, the iron content was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) unaffected. Generally, the tested runner groundnut seeds had higher food value in the raw state than in the roasted state, except for the antioxidant content. Moisture is a critical factor affecting the shelf life, texture and flavor of the final product. Loss of moisture ensures prolonged shelf life, which contribute to the stability of the roasted peanuts. Also, increased antioxidant content in roasted groundnuts is essential in other health-promoting compounds. In conclusion, the overall reduction in the proximate and mineral contents of the runner groundnuts seeds due to roasting is sufficient to suggest influences of roasting time on the food value of the final product and shelf life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20roasting" title="dry roasting">dry roasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legume" title=" legume"> legume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20source" title=" oil source"> oil source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peanuts" title=" peanuts"> peanuts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71045/effects-of-roasting-as-preservative-method-on-food-value-of-the-runner-groundnuts-arachis-hypogaea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1317</span> Biomass and Biogas Yield of Maize as Affected by Nitrogen Rates with Varying Harvesting under Semi-Arid Condition of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Mahmood">Athar Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Ali"> Asad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Management considerations including harvesting time and nitrogen application considerably influence the biomass yield, quality and biogas production. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine the effect of various harvesting times and nitrogen rates on the biomass yield, quality and biogas yield of maize crop. This experiment was consisted of various harvesting times i.e., harvesting after 45, 55 and 65 days of sowing (DAS) and nitrogen rates i.e., 0, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 respectively. The data indicated that maximum plant height, leaf area, dry matter (DM) yield, protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude fiber contents and biogas yield were recorded 65 days after sowing while lowest was recorded 45 days after sowing. In contrary to that significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed at 45 DAS. In case of nitrogen rates maximum plant height, leaf area, and DM yield, protein contents, ash contents, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude fiber contents and chlorophyll contents were determined with nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1, while minimum was observed when no N was applied. Therefore, harvesting 65 DAS and N application @ 200 kg ha-1 can be suitable for getting the higher biomass and biogas production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title="chemical composition">chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20contents" title=" fiber contents"> fiber contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harvesting%20time" title=" harvesting time"> harvesting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101889/biomass-and-biogas-yield-of-maize-as-affected-by-nitrogen-rates-with-varying-harvesting-under-semi-arid-condition-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1316</span> Study of the Behavior of PM₁₀ and SO₂ in the Urban Atmosphere of Sfax: Influence of Anthropised Contributions and Special Meteorological Conditions, 2008 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allagui%20Mohamed">Allagui Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the temporal variation of the PM10 and the SO₂ in the area of Sfax during the year of 2008, showed very significant fluctuations of the contents. They depend on the transmitting sources and the weather conditions. The study of the evolutionary behavior of the PM10 and the SO₂ in a situation of the Sirocco revealed the determining influence of the Sahara which was confirmed by its strong enrichment of the atmosphere with particulate matter. The analysis of a situation of breeze of sea highlighted the increase in the contents of the PM10 of agreement with the increase the speed of the marine wind, in particular for the diurnal period, possibly testifying to the enrichment of the aerosol in a considerable maritime component. A situation of anticyclonic winter examined when with it the accumulation of the contents of the PM10 at a rate of 70 μg/m³ showed such concentrations remained weak by comparison with other studies which show contents of about 300 μg/m³. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM10" title="PM10">PM10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20breeze" title=" sea breeze"> sea breeze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SO%E2%82%82" title=" SO₂"> SO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sirocco" title=" sirocco"> sirocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticyclone" title=" anticyclone"> anticyclone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98284/study-of-the-behavior-of-pm10-and-so2-in-the-urban-atmosphere-of-sfax-influence-of-anthropised-contributions-and-special-meteorological-conditions-2008" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1315</span> Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Yield and Nutritive Quality of Tomato Fruits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narjes%20Dashti">Narjes Dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nida%20Ali"> Nida Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20Montasser"> Magdy Montasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineetha%20Cherian"> Vineetha Cherian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of two PGPR strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas rhizophilia, on fruit yields, pomological traits and chemical contents of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits were studied. The study was conducted separately on two different cultivar varieties of tomato, namely Supermarmande and UC82B. The results indicated that the presence of the PGPR almost doubled the average yield per plant. There was a significant improvement in the pomological qualities of the PGPR treated tomato fruits compared to the corresponding healthy treatments especially in traits such as the average fruit weight, height, and fruit volume. The chemical analysis of tomato fruits revealed that the presence of the PGPRs increased the total protein, lycopene, alkalinity and phenol content of the tomato fruits compared to the healthy controls. They had no influence on the reduced sugar, total soluble solids or the titerable acid content of fruits. However their presence reduced the amount of ascorbic acid in tomato fruits compared to the healthy controls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPR" title="PGPR">PGPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20quality" title=" fruit quality"> fruit quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29728/effects-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-on-the-yield-and-nutritive-quality-of-tomato-fruits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1314</span> Analysis of Nutritional Value for Soybean Genotypes Grown in Lesotho</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motlatsi%20Eric%20Morojele">Motlatsi Eric Morojele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moleboheng%20%20Patricia%20Lekota"> Moleboheng Patricia Lekota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulane%20Nkhabutlane"> Pulane Nkhabutlane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motanyane%20Stanley%20Motake"> Motanyane Stanley Motake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soybean was introduced in Lesotho to increase the spectrum of nutritious foods, especially protein, oil and carbohydrates. However, since then, determination of nutritional value has not been performed, hence this study. The objective of the study was to distinguish soybean genotypes on the basis of nutritive value. The experiment was laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 27 treatments (genotypes) and three replications. Compound fertilizer 2:3:2 (22) was broadcasted over the experimental plot at the rate of 250kg ha-1. Dimensions of the main experimental plot were 135m long and 10m wide, with each sub-plot being 4m and 3.6m. Inter-row and intra-row spacing were 0.9m and 0.20m, respectively. Samples of seeds from each plot were taken to the laboratory to analyze protein content, ash, ca, mg, fiber, starch and ether extract. There were significant differences (P>0.05) among 28 soybean genotypes for protein content, acid detergent fiber, calcium, magnesium and ash. The soybean cultivars with the highest amount of protein were P48T48R, PAN 1663 and PAN 155R. High ADF content was expressed by PAN 1521R. LS 6868 exhibited the highest value of 0.788mg calcium, and the cultivars with the highest magnesium were NA 5509 with 1.306mg. PAN 1663, LCD 5.9, DM5302 RS and NS 6448R revealed higher nutritional values than other genotypes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotypes" title="genotypes">genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lesotho" title=" Lesotho"> Lesotho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20analysis" title=" proximate analysis"> proximate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soya-bean" title=" soya-bean"> soya-bean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191595/analysis-of-nutritional-value-for-soybean-genotypes-grown-in-lesotho" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1313</span> Chemical Properties of Yushania alpina and Bamusa oldhamii Bamboo Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getu%20Dessalegn%20Asfaw">Getu Dessalegn Asfaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yalew%20Dessalegn%20Asfaw"> Yalew Dessalegn Asfaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to examine the chemical composition of bamboo species in Ethiopia under the effect of age and culm height. The chemical composition of bamboo species in Ethiopia has not been investigated so far. The highest to the lowest cellulose and hemicellulose contents are Injibara (Y. alpina), Mekaneselam (Y. alpina), and Kombolcha (B. oldhamii), whereas lignin, extractives, and ash contents are Kombolcha, Mekanesealm, and Injibra, respectively. As a result of this research, the highest and lowest cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin contents are at the age of 2 and 1 year old, respectively. Whereas extractives and ash contents are decreased at the age of the culm matured. The cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash contents of the culm increase from the bottom to top along the height, however, extractive contents decrease from the bottom to top position. The cellulose content of Injibara, Kombolch, and Mekaneselam bamboo was recorded at 51±1.7–53±1.8%, 45±1.6%–48±1.5%, and 48±1.8–51±1.6%, and hemicelluloses content was measured at 20±1.2–23±1.1%, 17±1.0–19±0.9%, and 18±1.0–20±1.0%, lignin content was measured 19±1.0–21±1.1%, 27±1.2–29±1.1%, and 21±1.1–24±1.1%, extractive content was measured 3.9±0.2 –4.5±0.2%, 6.6±0.3–7.8±0.4%, and 4.7±0.2–5.2±0.1%, ash content was measured 1.6±0.1–2.1±0.1%, 2.8±0.1–3.5±0.2%, and 1.9±0.1–2.5±0.1% at the ages of 1–3 years old, respectively. This result demonstrated that bamboo species in Ethiopia can be a source of feedstock for lignocelluloses ethanol and bamboo composite production since they have higher cellulose content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age" title="age">age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20species" title=" bamboo species"> bamboo species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culm%20height" title=" culm height"> culm height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title=" chemical composition"> chemical composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159115/chemical-properties-of-yushania-alpina-and-bamusa-oldhamii-bamboo-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1312</span> Feed Value of Selected Nigerian Browse Plants: Chemical Composition and in vitro Digestibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Samuel">Isaac Samuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted to determine the in-vitro degradation of selected Nigerian browse plants consumed by small ruminants on free range in northern guinea savannah region of Nigeria using in vitro gas production, proximate composition, fibre components, methane gas production and dry matter degradation as tools. The leaves samples of the selected browse plants were collected, processed and incubated using in vitro gas dry matter degradation techniques. Results obtained showed variation in the rate of degradation. The result obtained from chemical analysis showed that the CP content of A. occidentale (26.49%) was higher than F. thonningi (23.58%), M. indica (20.58%) and T. catappa (18.61%). Both ADF and NDF of A. occidentale (40.00 and 50.00) were as well higher than F. thonningi (20.00 and 40.00), M. indica (20.00 and 40.00) and T.catappa (20.00 and 42.00). Results from in vitro gas production however showed that T. catappa (23.67ml/DM) has a significantly higher (p<0.05) value than F.thonningi (20.67ml/DM), A. occidentale (16.67ml/DM), and M. indica(14.00ml/DM) at 72 hours of incubation. Methane gas production and in vitro gas production can be used to predict dry matter degradation and nutritive value of feedstuff for small ruminants. A. occidentale with the least methane gas production and highest crude protein (CP) content might have the most nutritive value among the browse plants investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title="in vitro">in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=browse" title=" browse"> browse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20production" title=" gas production"> gas production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44408/feed-value-of-selected-nigerian-browse-plants-chemical-composition-and-in-vitro-digestibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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