CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133fecedc72fce3',cH: 'cAHEmK5vqQn6Jq.BK0c1OkgNxk4IjTA6FZpkNmRjeCQ-1739776621-1.2.1.1-JGodk6l1Sk.aGDbcNCRUm0mQIP8eLXn9TTkhAQ9mu.5M7Ju2scN0T2F5ebVW1C5R',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=greenspace&__cf_chl_tk=QcOErJyXOV8yY96zoqeZRCP1zDW3RssXCVG2Wlgx9I4-1739776621-1.0.1.1-6hky0qc6PiF9ka16y3O4FZRyCDx2JArg5jDZqhAYAgU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776621',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=greenspace&__cf_chl_f_tk=QcOErJyXOV8yY96zoqeZRCP1zDW3RssXCVG2Wlgx9I4-1739776621-1.0.1.1-6hky0qc6PiF9ka16y3O4FZRyCDx2JArg5jDZqhAYAgU",md: "S1i8IfX.iLRS387qbcp9pkgoQgp_bh6WuliPaZI4ux0-1739776621-1.2.1.1-SG3_gSQ3WDDWrP46O9WzkZ6ei2zrIg_.p8uEJNHzaEp7bruTIWGMqhez.U_cTbVdotXQj7lz_29NTMyryWGiJ2.0E90citNg_71gzVRE0HaH9C4C.fV98jlYyfzVVaUrVp9F8dOx3HeRgpTVhqGV0jAVS8iIGTB0a.A9BdZZlylZasPFsGEq1eekrOzXchQfDYRAP1JhXUfNtRW12tYjQf7pggCxy1DynvF_ldskUOkkZmbS2yYXObXyfn8oux8.o9fEr8DSeFSnKPFJl7wZbIGUPHpEw8ycDIT83SXB027m5KH3D9cXxm0s7dBFnWLqLd8hxkb4KynIeIFnsH5cgkr1tndWxCOgDLUr6_jzBDWhzwEHXHuZ9si3d1v5gLQoJymEZjv6qSTUDX5o_kZNyhZjkl8UG5LNLkTIsNj1iN80cSKWXQ1lH1vGUnFcrhQqsxTcLOzvFdrd28rXzlZy.RdhuH8vLfOmCzWZSoSHBCjlsEiwDNsbXZ9yBg.Dve4HpbXuz3R3rBmErQgvH0HeQUrAAuIqQGerVVZmks05xzIsJWanIqEQ58DZ8F5eWkl.L_E4s1.lS0Am5vD.XecBEA5JT0Iu8iyTJRRs.tVr.hwR9KlCve8r2JS9fq1IBePToSfh.Z3qTTvv_vJysM6bOPQASNZj1h5jhFTdscACxKkQ6E4HngVo6MYLTzF9ISfyGN8N_elgBZ2VziIWztQM9fW8dIytDH0rDrI62DXWQko5LQzUcUJz1JOIPslCAx.6f6HVli0JLnRCHJKg03JPxI3cb0UbDsKzt.AcURJlIJptlwEt.tZtqM6y1Wg_505v37sg12gTnQ9plmziU..VLn4Z1G4NiZVlCFK07bYCtvPckiIr8WFrThfWFHf6kJ9YhYB7wtrOn.e_cYuXMdcmMuzZf51EUKad2KuF_e05z4Pg6VbEmpZG2zIDXWCvH2mm08x56d6q28mBcxsCaFkSsCj8xOey25BmBJK1JeNinRNbjRfK6MCtqULXPI4YilvgD0mXQrN67g9U19UAr6SYnbqZcXUizSMPEbvWdf.FsFo.C4yy19r9rc6BPZz6bRbyLB7ETCiFbbu4.M.yHUyiRPB9FsPhB.zEoXXIcwiTK7i90y.ocmcLFg4aYtn5fQVBdt2tqeK4A54w0pfHQnaUoXgVyZNR.f9jZr9_1uoXbeXzyPt36R69.kTxoiTt04ihD0QyPzeOilRiQhpA8y3axHkeK81MacYfxYlvHT84OqfRw_ZywrEWBrB1r6PtAGu0Q0PYM7pcnOgfLZAlSekUOa0z9q5AP8RF2M5G0oAHBK2Q8_hPoGHrl_yl64yvbbqCqQWi4e.FGaIH2oSIfDHr4Y8SOMJldaNc3PtDKnGjjanRN7ULwCQWhRgY0PQET5grjx_n9.A6Hv.Kinkf_TdZ6nDSFsu1oh.uYzeU_pu6o28YoOJyVkM4UPHe22LSsgZq8gqGPUegjBlW6El0CK0iCsu6JtW7XXH2_DvoMBgOBEIL25SNrs2VHRWkkl7Zclj0FR5Rg_zx3zWZ4UEfTLktic_ASTLwSWwiq5t4VNusS7xyj29_q3zTb3QjI7L_.Gi0uZ43KSZ1LzRIAB0eOyGRgK0HrAs.6elLeY1MKstaeEXgF3_.9p.8N3rQhN1OvgGvX1m6zssnExCBmHcF0eKRFaMVWVQCk1GzqAATlWbOdhA3PQWH989uWCTQUr4qnYjoFTd9zF45IVlp9K03wxPHZX_l8kPc4.uS9Gld1IEWpWFPEiG6USG_Zy_cgTiZtV5yvc.XYhCNldosr04XshbcUaGvJs07XQbOtHuN2ni_bKcYpzqhBd5OpXLRI7.QvIABwmRo3qUqVvAQIJ8BYluQ648ARwrjcFje8wsDVxlfWB2QFBwHvpp432Tfz8zbKPa3oN5F8RE4NuXv0RSQuOFYBg",mdrd: "Zo.bmqCUfgDU1qeeT_5liXi5gUGpIujANMSyrVUBVe8-1739776621-1.2.1.1-qeOfbRqpy6isQ8eg7BsnlnRALInSR1QeVe7p83stmcl2RTjzbn82Am0kmau3sYQqrZ7098tT7uq99bK0FV1aeY.RO5TrROmZ74o298jpXfre6GqJgZlS1umBUTiZeHSGCYPFThETU6SVQt29fvt9R8QENqo4zMgC_sBLrLFcS6MJMH9tqoXsaJGXwmuKHmAdUBXCD7Apx_XpGIHqqoAaFYZAVvXG1QAP1TqW9Sl9UEk2npciTn9r_cOMEgw6SYwuuoshPyQ_dyaq_AFJzAI.cIVOwpgdkmFoHnzVlr1ag7yNkvrpQrXGKPwSisGXBOmTyDG2AcVgj1jhwtbYX7foNasAXP2ku6JLiCKLE6HYLwqH_exCoCPOr_2XekybDPNiX9PDoHL3LANrnZLhf39LM4gaYhtl81mDlCwYb7kDoAvBrw1Zfbhk.79_8l1l6nYTi6uC1CgKtgbVs47aQj9nRtfri2O_Fq86tu4h7_.XdURVEjr2GUS.54Osw.e1cu5QPMxdTBVNOan_TpcPjtR4Jq_TX9Pnv_XVMOwoBY9ABYlQM7JHj1mV..qq3Ht2c.JTPltIiIFgPE.MSIxl6INV3vublyoROZbh_RoTx4usCnmnuKq9ubNs0P24eV8FByj4IABQhuuMcvq0r5h0xo0.d6L4RKpg_Gw77XdlKMo1z5MEjh1CNy8LcAJS4kAyLX4CXKLICl50Mixd4HaCLwNsCC.rasPGCYPy4g.sXzwfxjxQWAfl74U0yJYEOGXjOP8ZWCQ4NaUkvApON8XxdaFd8zKaTjqGi_j6SS_3RLZ9Qhbh7R2yURMozN5olhFcRB9vDOg938Wf_P4zLOgRcWQ_TGcrjDXfzB4z.GICWtyUZnszMB75z3m9p1RhRfyMeY4rroYN7piHbtIpMSe0C6bARz8XTIADPANNKpTUbRtQM7tQlNAFbM3GcJNUwxk5YmebOaZ7iQqcRooA5PuyooY1Z93m5jVMPil_sl3dUUGwpwyxwGiv0_sWOKOI_pXRN0B3vue7AK1MtAcvDLiLCA88W8JrUbqkxVVnaGn5Sa8VCraImGHN2dkx3VRb5fZPhT.48w40rzItL1LURZ.14YVmnKmAidEIPQz0as.ZucjqOlggTjFx6F8rHgddJqqjiDLytBIeQirGQxGdIs_wnPhpF5swZ0B9tOPr.M4Q.yDvjXly4P6tlAe8bAeyQ271nttaDsMMniaYWsPRYfBECfWw2jGTu7aRbcqqbYvqUXjrCzBAApwbzAEysY24YPmKh7zsjqP6FK9kKaUS2Pt0QrPc.tHI_0xEg8Y2hsVjAtGQiv9qsMv1FmR8Qrss.bhtjSCtnphRvP29CIhficDtOZnY7MzgxAGFbo04VywB6RLmgj6bw1Rx6eS9o.z03et8IktD3MZ79XYLM9sl9fECVO5eNQ0bRPcnswQSvm9FJ3VKssktllR7KZO7HKLksvuj8jSGhqW_fsw4VyN_0MWDmpXU3Tu6aDww6svoC5IrM8h1U1ZPPGP3hj.RDw2Gr3NUzmKqOeaWZFyye.xbvtqFIBZIwmmbm2tZwnjC.vMNWQ5qA5TNGQcxHpRmbkB9Tb.uCFCYQKJqHK38FRoFJRHSAGXWlzsdBlie9B00Y9ySy_4YXTmHRmz4pRFlWHgTImGkL_MpzGYfmig3z6OfzqpMWlMUjXDBa0JE4NqQxA.Mz84krcRZJP81EIoUFcxf.Ix98rNnqyZYQtE.b_gbttIUGcxD.Ml1p74DHCUz2nJ9rPaPuBQlrIXQU_P_ZwhCMtShY9XPXMWB20uxmBGoMdhrlAkB4IC3cHggseacT35bWyvfJ.tgTLX5waelYNQfcPGvQ870tyAe26_.YYnlRTA7hjCAGzsG3dLKgzDBMglh26heOw_IW_ALAC82j57gh0u7NgNMHTiuNbUz5btFZMMulbWg_M6ocQ46sboplUCBr.PBML7uh7KAB53181mL.FDx2wUA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133fecedc72fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=greenspace&__cf_chl_rt_tk=QcOErJyXOV8yY96zoqeZRCP1zDW3RssXCVG2Wlgx9I4-1739776621-1.0.1.1-6hky0qc6PiF9ka16y3O4FZRyCDx2JArg5jDZqhAYAgU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>