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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"SHAC" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/SHAC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SHAC (disambiguation)">SHAC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_(logo).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_%28logo%29.png/200px-Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_%28logo%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_%28logo%29.png/300px-Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_%28logo%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty_%28logo%29.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal-rights</a> campaign to close <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a>. Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>UK and US</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Origins</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty</b> (<b>SHAC</b>) was an international <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> campaign to close down <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a> (HLS), Europe's largest contract <a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal-testing</a> laboratory. HLS tests medical and non-medical substances on around 75,000 animals every year, from rats to primates.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCJan182001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been the subject of several major leaks or undercover investigations by activists and reporters since 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-investigations_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investigations-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SHAC was started by three British animal rights activists—<a href="/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery">Greg Avery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson">Heather James</a>, and Natasha Dellemagne—after video footage supposed to have been shot covertly inside HLS in 1997 by <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA) showed HLS staff shaking, punching, and shouting at beagles in their care.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The footage was broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> in the UK, the employees were dismissed and prosecuted, and HLS's licence to perform animal experiments was revoked for six months. PETA stopped its protests against the company after HLS threatened it with legal action, and SHAC took over as a <a href="/wiki/Leaderless_resistance" title="Leaderless resistance">leaderless resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DowardAug2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The campaign used tactics ranging from non-violent protest to the alleged firebombing of houses owned by executives associated with HLS's clients and investors. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> (SPLC), which monitors US domestic extremism, has described SHAC's <i>modus operandi</i> as "frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of anti-abortion extremists," and in 2005 an official with the FBI's counter-terrorism division referred to SHAC's activities in the United States as domestic terrorist threats.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 and 2010, 13 members of SHAC, including Avery, James, and Dellemagne, were jailed for between 15 months and eleven years on charges of conspiracy to blackmail or harm HLS and its suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HLS tests household cleaners, pesticides, weedkillers, food additives, chemicals for use in industry, and drugs for use against Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCJan182001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It kills around 75,000 animals every year, including rats, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and primates (marmosets and macaques).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company has been the subject of several undercover investigations since 1989. Sarah Kite of the <a href="/wiki/British_Union_for_the_Abolition_of_Vivisection" class="mw-redirect" title="British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection">British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection</a> (BUAV) secured a job and filmed inside HLS in 1989. Zoe Broughton did the same for Channel 4 in 1996, as Michelle Rokke claimed to have done for PETA in 1997. Lucy Johnston for <i>The Daily Express</i> gained access in 2000. A diary kept by Kite, who worked undercover there for eight months, alleged that HLS workers routinely mishandled the animals, shouting at them, throwing them into their cages, and mocking them for having fits in response to toxicity tests. In 1997, Zoe Broughton came out with footage showing puppies being hit and shaken. A year later, Michelle Rokke allegedly obtained footage of the <a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">vivisection</a> of a monkey in HLS in New Jersey, in which a technician expresses concern that the animal is inadequately anaesthetized.<sup id="cite_ref-investigations_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investigations-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2006 and 2008, an <a href="/wiki/Animal_Defenders_International" title="Animal Defenders International">Animal Defenders International</a> employee filmed undercover inside HLS after securing a position inside its primate toxicology unit in Cambridgeshire.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Mark Matfield of the <a href="/wiki/Research_Defence_Society" title="Research Defence Society">Research Defence Society</a>, a pro-animal testing lobby group in the UK, HLS lost a great deal of business after these investigations, primarily among the pharmaceutical industry. "There was an ingrained feeling among scientists and business people that this company had transgressed in a very serious way," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudacille_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudacille-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SHAC_UK">SHAC UK</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SHAC UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SHAC was founded in November 1999 by Greg Avery; his second wife, Natasha Avery (née Dellemagne); and his first wife, Heather Nicholson (née James). Avery and Nicholson had been involved in previous high-profile campaigns against facilities in the UK that bred animals for laboratories. In 1997, after a ten-month campaign, they caused the closure of <a href="/wiki/Consort_beagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Consort beagles">Consort Kennels</a>, which bred beagles for animal research. Later that year, they started <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Hill_Grove_Cats" title="Save the Hill Grove Cats">Save the Hill Grove Cats</a> against Hill Grove farm in Oxfordshire, which bred cats for laboratories. The farm closed after two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Jonas_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jonas-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They would meet every three months to receive updates from colleagues in the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Bugged_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bugged-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Whitehead, an experienced campaigner known in the group as "Mumsy", would lead younger members and carry out up to five attacks in a night, according to the judge.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methods">Methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondary_and_tertiary_targeting">Secondary and tertiary targeting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Secondary and tertiary targeting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SHAC's <i>modus operandi</i> is known as secondary and tertiary targeting. Activists engage in <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a>—ranging from lawful protests to intimidation, harassment, and violent attacks—not only against HLS, its employees, and its employees' families, but also against secondary and tertiary targets such as HLS's business partners, and <i>their</i> business partners, insurers, caterers, cleaners, children's nursery schools, and office suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A New York yacht club, for example, was covered in red paint because members of the club worked for Carr Securities, which traded in HLS shares.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign drove down HLS's profits, suppressed its share price, and made it difficult to find business and financial partners.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, HLS managing director in the UK, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cass" title="Brian Cass">Brian Cass</a>, was beaten outside his home by three masked men – animal rights activist David Blenkinsop was sentenced to three years in prison for the attack – and HLS marketing director Andrew Gay was attacked on his doorstep with a chemical spray to his eyes that left him temporarily blinded.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shareholders">Shareholders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shareholders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 December 2000, HLS was dropped from the New York Stock Exchange because its <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> had fallen below NYSE limits, and on 29 March 2001, HLS lost both of its <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market makers</a> and its place on the London Stock Exchange. Shortly after this, HLS moved its headquarters to the United States, incorporating as Life Sciences Research (LSR), and secured a $15m loan from investment bank <a href="/wiki/Stephens_Inc." title="Stephens Inc.">Stephens, Inc</a>, its largest shareholder. In September 2005, after the firebombing of the homes of a Canadian brokerage employee and a British pharmaceutical executive, the New York Stock Exchange asked LSR to delay moving its listing from the <a href="/wiki/OTC_Bulletin_Board" title="OTC Bulletin Board">OTC Bulletin Board</a> to the main exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LSR has since transferred its listing to the <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a> electronic exchange. HLS is no longer a publicly traded company after being bought by CEO Andrew Baker.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2005, Vancouver-based brokerage <a href="/wiki/Canaccord_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaccord Capital">Canaccord Capital</a> announced that it had dropped a client, Phytopharm PLC, in response to the May 2005 <a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">Animal Liberation Front</a> (ALF) firebombing of a car belonging to Canaccord executive Michael Kendall. The ALF stated on its website that activists placed an incendiary device under the car, which was in Kendall's garage at home when it caught fire during the night. Kendall and his family went into hiding. Phytopharm was targeted, as were those doing business with it, because it had business links with HLS.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2006, an anonymous group said it would be writing to every one of GlaxoSmithKline's 170,000 small investors warning them to sell their shares. The letters began arriving at investors' home addresses on 7 May 2006, asking that shares be sold within 14 days, and that the group be informed of the sale by e-mail via a Hotmail address.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of letters sent was smaller than claimed; the BBC said at least 50 shareholders received the warning.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in <i>The Sunday Telegraph</i> the following week, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> expressed support for animal experimentation in the face of an <i>"appalling ... campaign of intimidation."</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ties_to_the_ALF">Ties to the ALF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ties to the ALF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kevin Kjonaas – who took charge of SHAC UK while the Averys and James were jailed for six months in 2002 – declared his support for the ALF, and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Webb" title="Robin Webb">Robin Webb</a>, spokesman for the ALF in the UK, attended and addressed SHAC conferences in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DowardAug2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 the ALF warned that it was targeting HLS suppliers, and that year firebombed a car belonging to the finance director of Canaccord Capital, a brokerage firm. Members of SHAC said the company had acted as brokers for <a href="/wiki/Phytopharm" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytopharm">Phytopharm</a>, which had used HLS for contract testing.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FBI linked SHAC with attacks claimed by the militant animal rights group, the <a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Liberation Brigade">Animal Liberation Brigade</a>. They issued an arrest warrant for <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Andreas_San_Diego" title="Daniel Andreas San Diego">Daniel Andreas San Diego</a>, who they described as being "involved with the Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty campaign", in connection with bomb attacks against two of HLS's clients in California.<sup id="cite_ref-Doyle_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Diego was added to the <a href="/wiki/FBI_Most_Wanted_Terrorists" title="FBI Most Wanted Terrorists">FBI Most Wanted Terrorists</a> List in 2009 and remains at large.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convictions_and_legislation">Convictions and legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Convictions and legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SHAC's campaign prompted the introduction of sections 145–149 of the British <a href="/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005" title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005</a>, which created new offences intended to protect animal-testing facilities, including prohibiting acts or threats intended to cause someone to terminate or not enter into a contract with such a facility.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first person to be convicted under the Act was Joseph Harris, a doctor of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>, who attacked property owned by companies supplying materials to HLS; he received a three-year sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2007, a number of SHAC supporters were charged with illegal street collecting without a licence.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Metropolitan Police, two stalls in London's Oxford Street collected over £80,000 a year. In March 2007, three activists were jailed under the Act for intimidating HLS suppliers; one supplier dropped its contract with HLS after being invaded by demonstrators wearing skull masks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="SHAC_7"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006:_SHAC_7_(U.S.)"><span id="2006:_SHAC_7_.28U.S..29"></span>2006: SHAC 7 (U.S.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2006: SHAC 7 (U.S.)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHAC7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/SHAC7.png" decoding="async" width="177" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="136" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the SHAC 7 Support Group</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2006, a federal jury in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>, found six members of SHAC guilty of using their website to incite attacks on those who did business with HLS.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, seven individuals (the SHAC 7) were charged: Kevin Kjonaas (also known as Kevin Jonas, former president of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Lauren Gazzola, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Conroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Conroy">Jacob Conroy</a>, Joshua Harper, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Stepanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Stepanian (page does not exist)">Andrew Stepanian</a>, Darius Fullmer, and John McGee. McGee was later dropped from the case.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were charged with conspiracy to violate the <a href="/wiki/Animal_Enterprise_Terrorism_Act" title="Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act">Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act</a>, in the first application of the 1992 statute. Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and Harper were charged with conspiracy to harass using a telecommunications device (discussing <a href="/wiki/Black_fax" title="Black fax">black faxes</a>), while Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and SHAC USA were charged with stalking via the internet. The defence of the SHAC 7 rested largely on the 1969 case <i><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_v._Ohio" title="Brandenburg v. Ohio">Brandenburg v. Ohio</a></i>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> ruled that political speech is legal unless it can be shown that a defendant incited others to commit imminent unlawful acts of violence.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the trial, the defendants were prohibited from providing evidence of animal cruelty taking place at Huntingdon Life Sciences testing laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> reported that Andrew Stepanian of the SHAC 7—since released—had been imprisoned in the highly restrictive <a href="/wiki/Communication_Management_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Management Unit">Communication Management Unit</a> of the U.S. federal prison system.<sup id="cite_ref-npr2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 Joaquin Phoenix produced 'The Animal People'; a documentary about the SHAC 7 defendants.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007:_Operation_Achilles_(UK)"><span id="2007:_Operation_Achilles_.28UK.29"></span>2007: Operation Achilles (UK)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2007: Operation Achilles (UK)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 May 2007, a series of raids—Operation Achilles—took place against SHAC in Europe, involving 700 police officers in England, Amsterdam, and Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirty-two people were arrested, including Greg and Natasha Avery, and Heather Nicholson, who were charged with blackmail, along with nine others.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosecutors told jurors that a 2007 meeting between the defendants had been bugged by police, and revealed that SHAC supported illegal acts that were traced to attacks on people across Great Britain. The prosecution also alleged there was evidence of direct email links between SHAC, the Animal Liberation Front, and Animal Rights Militia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Der Spiegel</i> wrote that as a result of the police operation the number of attacks on HLS and associated businesses declined drastically,<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the day after the convictions new posts on SHAC's website indicated that the campaign would continue.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_groups" title="List of animal rights groups">List of animal rights groups</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBCJan182001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCJan182001_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1123837.stm">"A controversial laboratory"</a>, BBC News, 18 January 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?n=72122-faseb-us-government-huntingdon">"New bill clamps down on animal activist activity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712081822/http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?n=72122-faseb-us-government-huntingdon">Archived</a> 12 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Drug Researcher</i>, 17 November 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031019135845/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42">"SPLCenter.org: From Push to Shove"</a>. 19 October 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42">the original</a> on 19 October 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPLCenter.org%3A+From+Push+to+Shove&rft.date=2003-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fintel%2Fintelreport%2Farticle.jsp%3Faid%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Townsend, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,940033,00.html">"Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab"</a>, <i>The Observer</i>, 20 April 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-investigations-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-investigations_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-investigations_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehls.com/inside_kite.htm">"The First Investigation"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827213152/http://www.insidehls.com/inside_kite.htm">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehls.com/inside_broughton.htm">"It's a Dog's Life"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827213115/http://www.insidehls.com/inside_broughton.htm">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Zoe Broughton for Channel Four in 1996); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehls.com/inside_rokke.htm">"HLS busted again"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827212839/http://www.insidehls.com/inside_rokke.htm">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Michelle Rokke for PETA in 1997); and Johnstone, Lucy and Calvert, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehls.com/inside_xeno.htm">"Terrible despair of animals cut up in name of research"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827213308/http://www.insidehls.com/inside_xeno.htm">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Lucy Johnston for <i>The Daily Express</i> in 2000). <ul><li>Also see Mann, Keith. <i>From Dusk 'til Dawn: An insider's view of the growth of the Animal Liberation Movement</i>. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, pp. 198–199.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051031040108/http://www.huntingdonsucks.com/gallery/scared_monkey.mov">"Undercover video footage of HLS employees apparently dissecting a live monkey"</a>, filmed at the HLS Princeton Research Center, New Jersey, accessed 20 June 2009.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alleyne, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1318487/Terror-tactics-that-brought-a-company-to-its-knees.html">"Terror tactics that brought a company to its knees"</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, 19 January 2001. <ul><li>Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029044713/http://www.shac.net/movies/crueltyfootage.mov">"It's a Dog's Life"</a>, <i>Countryside Undercover</i>, Channel Four Television, 1997.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-DowardAug2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DowardAug2004_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doward, Jamie and Townsend, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,1273697,00.html">"Beauty and the beasts"</a>, <i>The Observer</i>, 1 August 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, John E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801014736/http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787">"Statement of John Lewis"</a>, US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evers_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evers_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evers_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evers, Marco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,517875,00.html">"Resisting the Animal Avengers", Part 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,517875-2,00.html">Part 2</a>, <i>Der Spiegel</i>, 19 November 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weaver-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2010" class="citation web cs1">Weaver, Matthew (25 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/25/animal-research-animal-welfare">"Animal rights activists jailed for terrorising suppliers to Huntingdon Life Sciences"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917122937/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/25/animal-research-animal-welfare">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Animal+rights+activists+jailed+for+terrorising+suppliers+to+Huntingdon+Life+Sciences&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2010%2Foct%2F25%2Fanimal-research-animal-welfare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42">"From push to shove"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204063555/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42">Archived</a> 4 February 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Southern Poverty Law Group <i>Intelligence Report</i>, Fall 2002. <ul><li>Townsend, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,940033,00.html">"Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab"</a>, <i>The Observer</i>, 20 April 2003.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ad-international.org/publications/go.php?id=1576&si=98">"Huntingdon Life Sciences Investigation"</a>, Animal Defenders International, 15 July 2009, accessed 17 January 2011. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/02/04/18568236.php">"HLS Infiltrated by Undercover Investigation"</a>, indybay.org, accessed 17 January 2011.</li> <li>Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg-uetBwGho">"Save the Primates"</a>, Animal Defenders International, shown at the European Parliament in February 2009, courtesy of <i>YouTube</i>, accessed 17 January 2011.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rudacille-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rudacille_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudacille, Deborah. <i>The Scalpel and the Butterfly: The Conflict between Animal Research and Animal Protection</i>. University of California Press, 2001, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jonas-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jonas_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonas2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kjonaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Kjonaas">Jonas, Kevin</a> (2004). "Chapter: Bricks and Bullhorns". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1juWE6y1C1QC&pg=PA271"><i>Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?: Reflections on the Liberation of Animals</i></a>. By Best, Steven; Nocella, Anthony J. Lantern Books. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59056-054-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59056-054-9"><bdi>978-1-59056-054-9</bdi></a>. <q>Today, SHAC is the intelligent and strategic continuation of such a rounded attack, effectively coupling both legal and illegal tactics ... The "SHAC campaign" has come to mean any endeavor aimed at contributing to the legal SHAC efforts, whether it be legal or not. In various legal proceedings we have distinguished SHAC the incorporated group as a news/information clearing house, and the "SHAC campaign" as all other protest activities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter%3A+Bricks+and+Bullhorns&rft.btitle=Terrorists+or+Freedom+Fighters%3F%3A+Reflections+on+the+Liberation+of+Animals&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Lantern+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59056-054-9&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1juWE6y1C1QC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bugged-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bugged_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7657837.stm">"Police bugged animal rights group"</a>. BBC News. 7 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010145641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7657837.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police+bugged+animal+rights+group&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2008-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F7657837.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/4295706.stm">"Childcare group warned of 'hell'"</a>, BBC News, 29 September 2005. <ul><li>Also see [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801014736/http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787">"U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787">the original</a> on 1 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Senate+Committee+on+Environment+and+Public+Works&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepw.senate.gov%2Fhearing_statements.cfm%3Fid%3D247787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span> U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, John E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787">"Statement of John Lewis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801014736/http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787">Archived</a> 1 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/animalrights/story/0,,1787250,00.html">"Money talks"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 1 June 2006. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1247506.stm">"Lab firm ditched by share brokers"</a>, BBC News, 28 March 2001.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/story/0,3604,1565018,00.html">"Huntingdon delays listing after attacks"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 8 September 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Preclinical-Research/LSR-goes-private-in-Lion-Holdings-takeover">"LSR goes private in Lion Holdings takeover"</a>, <i>Outsourcing</i>, pharma.com, 1 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Won, Shirley, and Zehr, Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v5/content/subscribe?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050624/RCANNA24/TPBusiness/TopStories&ord=167360581&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true">"When threats turn to firebombs, Canaccord cuts loose on client"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i>The Globe and Mail</i>, 24 June 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/animalrights/story/0,,1770638,00.html">"Animal rights activists tell drug firm's small investors to sell up or else"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 9 May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4756381.stm">Glaxo wins injunction over threat</a>, 9 May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1518328/Tony-Blair-Time-to-act-against-animal-rights-protesters.html">"Tony Blair: Time to act against animal rights protesters"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 13 May 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tony+Blair%3A+Time+to+act+against+animal+rights+protesters&rft.date=2006-05-13&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1518328%2FTony-Blair-Time-to-act-against-animal-rights-protesters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laville, Sandra and Campbell, Duncan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/animalrights/story/0,11917,1514393,00.html">"Animal rights extremists in arson spree"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 25 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doyle-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doyle_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doyle, Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/5217035/Animal-rights-activist-added-to-FBIs-most-wanted-terrorist-list.html">Animal rights activist added to FBI's most wanted terrorist list</a>, <i>The Telegraph</i>, 24 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/daniel-andreas-san-diego/view">"FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists List: Daniel Andreas San Diego"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+Silence+Evidence+of+Cruel+Factory+Farm+Practices+in+Animal+Rights+Cases&rft.date=2022-01-30&rft.aulast=Lennard&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2022%2F01%2F30%2Fanimal-rights-activists-dxe-trial-evidence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npr2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/03/03/134227726/data-graphics-population-of-the-communications-management-units">DATA & GRAPHICS: Population Of The Communications Management Units</a>, Margot Williams and Alyson Hurt, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 3 March 2011; retrieved 4 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finngatepictures.com/theanimalpeople">"The Animal People"</a>. <i>FINNGATE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FINNGATE&rft.atitle=The+Animal+People&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finngatepictures.com%2Ftheanimalpeople&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/animalrights/story/0,,2070273,00.html">"Animal rights activists involved in bid to shut lab among 30 arrested in raids"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 2 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7655147.stm">"Five deny animal rights blackmail "</a>, BBC News, 6 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227021717/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/lawandorder/3920431/Animal-activists-still-continuing-campaign-of-threats-and-intimidation.html">"Animal activists still continuing campaign of threats and intimidation"</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, 24 December 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>External links</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indymedia.org.uk/en/actions/2008/shac">Indymedia UK SHAC topic page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shac7.com">The Shac 7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029044713/http://www.shac.net/movies/crueltyfootage.mov">The footage shot undercover inside HLS by PETA</a>; see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpZ-j5OU6rQ">the same footage</a> on <i>YouTube</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071115162807/http://www.insidehls.com/insidehls.htm">"Inside HLS"</a>, describes five undercover investigations into HLS between 1989 and 2001</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080427023032/http://www.xenodiaries.org/index.html"><i>Diaries of Despair</i></a>, <i>Uncaged Campaigns</i>, accessed 17 January 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNfuqLQrJak">"Hit 'Em Head On"</a>, SHAC, 9-minute video on <i>YouTube</i>, 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FP3ub3Dkfno">"Time for Action 3"</a>, SHAC, 4-minute video on <i>YouTube</i>, 2005.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Books and articles</dt></dl> <ul><li>Bhattacharya, Shaoni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994913">Scientists demand law against animal rights extremism</a>, <i>New Scientist</i>, 22 April 2004.</li> <li>British Home Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statewatch.org/news/2004/jul/animal-rights.pdf">"Animal Welfare—Human Rights: protecting people from animal rights extremists"</a>, July 2004.</li> <li>Cox, Simon and Vadon, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4020235.stm">"How animal rights took on the world"</a>, BBC Radio 4, retrieved 18 June 2006.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrimethInc._Ex-Workers_Collective2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/CrimethInc._Ex-Workers_Collective" class="mw-redirect" title="CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective">CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective</a> (Fall 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161212223223/http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/rollingthunder/shac.php">"The SHAC Model: A Critical Assessment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Thunder (journal)">Rolling Thunder</a></i> (6): 11–28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/rollingthunder/shac.php">the original</a> on 12 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Thunder&rft.atitle=The+SHAC+Model%3A+A+Critical+Assessment&rft.ssn=fall&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=11-28&rft.date=2006&rft.au=CrimethInc.+Ex-Workers+Collective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimethinc.com%2Ftexts%2Frollingthunder%2Fshac.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStop+Huntingdon+Animal+Cruelty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gibson, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030319/halltext/30319h01.htm">Statement by Dr. Ian Gibson (Norwich, North)</a> <i>Hansard</i>, 19 March 2003.</li> <li>Robbins, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawson-cruttenden.co.uk/articles/076_160804thelawyer.pdf">"Red in Tooth and Law"</a>, <i>The Lawyer</i>, 16 August 2004.</li> <li>Lennard, Natasha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/12/12/animal-people-documentary-shac-protest-terrorism/">How the Prosecution of Animal Rights Activists as Terrorists Foretold Today’s Criminalization of Dissent</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>. 12 December 2019</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal testing navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_testing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing" title="Alternatives to animal testing">Alternatives to animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_invertebrates" title="Animal testing on invertebrates">Animal testing on invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_frogs" title="Animal testing on frogs">Animal testing on frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Animal testing on non-human primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rabbits" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal testing on rabbits">Animal testing on rabbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rodents" title="Animal testing on rodents">Animal testing on rodents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_animal_testing" title="History of animal testing">History of animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_model_organisms" title="History of model organisms">History of model organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Animal_Care_and_Use_Committee" title="Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee">IACUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_sources" title="Laboratory animal sources">Laboratory animal sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing_cosmetics_on_animals" title="Testing cosmetics on animals">Testing cosmetics on animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rs_(animal_research)" title="Three Rs (animal research)">Three Rs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxicology_testing" title="Toxicology testing">Toxicology testing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wistar_rat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wistar_rat.jpg/130px-Wistar_rat.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wistar_rat.jpg/195px-Wistar_rat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wistar_rat.jpg/260px-Wistar_rat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing on</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_frogs" title="Animal testing on frogs">Frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_invertebrates" title="Animal testing on invertebrates">Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rabbits" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal testing on rabbits">Rabbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rodents" title="Animal testing on rodents">Rodents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_Syrian_hamsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal testing on Syrian hamsters">Syrian hamsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_(Scientific_Procedures)_Act_1986" title="Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986">Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">Biomedical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_primate_trade" title="International primate trade">International primate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_allergy" title="Laboratory animal allergy">Laboratory animal allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversial<br />experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britches_(monkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britches (monkey)">Britches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Drug_Trials" title="Monkey Drug Trials">Monkey Drug Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_of_despair" title="Pit of despair">Pit of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys" title="Silver Spring monkeys">Silver Spring monkeys</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss" title="Unnecessary Fuss">Unnecessary Fuss</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Laboratories" title="Charles River Laboratories">Charles River Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortrea" title="Fortrea">Fortrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotiv" title="Inotiv">Inotiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Laboratory" title="Jackson Laboratory">Jackson Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafovanny" title="Nafovanny">Nafovanny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and<br />campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vivisection_Coalition" title="Anti-Vivisection Coalition">Anti-Vivisection Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Medical_Progress" title="Americans for Medical Progress">Americans for Medical Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">AAAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science" title="American Association for Laboratory Animal Science">AALAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Defence_and_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society">Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Free_Research_UK" title="Animal Free Research UK">Animal Free Research UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">ALF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Group" title="Boyd Group">Boyd Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Alternatives_to_Animal_Testing" title="Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing">Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International" title="Cruelty Free International">Cruelty Free International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">PETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">ALF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Biomedical_Research" title="Foundation for Biomedical Research">Foundation for Biomedical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="National Anti-Vivisection Society">National Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Anti-Vivisection_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Anti-Vivisection Society">New England Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_Freedom_Project" title="Primate Freedom Project">Primate Freedom Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Test" title="Pro-Test">Pro-Test</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SHAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPEAK_campaign" title="SPEAK campaign">SPEAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaking_of_Research" title="Speaking of Research">Speaking of Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Animal_Rights_Network#Stop_Sequani_Animal_Testing" title="Western Animal Rights Network">Stop Sequani Animal Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Defence_Society" title="Research Defence Society">Research Defence Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_Animal_Research" title="Understanding Animal Research">Understanding Animal Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers and<br />activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Blakemore" title="Colin Blakemore">Colin Blakemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Cohen_(philosopher)" title="Carl Cohen (philosopher)">Carl Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Langley" title="Gill Langley">Gill Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk" title="Ingrid Newkirk">Ingrid Newkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak" title="Jerry Vlasak">Jerry Vlasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Festing" title="Simon Festing">Simon Festing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Aziz" title="Tipu Aziz">Tipu Aziz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Vertebrate_Animals_used_for_Experimental_and_other_Scientific_Purposes" title="European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes">Animal Experimentation Convention 1986</a> (Council of Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_(Scientific_Procedures)_Act_1986" title="Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986">Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_1999" title="Animal Welfare Act 1999">Animal Welfare Act 1999</a> (NZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_of_1966" title="Animal Welfare Act of 1966">Animal Welfare Act of 1966</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_2010/63/EU" title="Directive 2010/63/EU">Directive 2010/63/EU</a> (EU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animal_rights" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_rights" title="Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animal_rights" title="Template talk:Animal rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_rights" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics_(overviews,_concepts,_issues,_cases)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Animal rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="Animal rights by country or territory">Animal rights by country or territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Anarchism and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cruelty_and_the_Holocaust_analogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal cruelty and the Holocaust analogy">Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_in_Indian_religions" title="Animal rights in Indian religions">Animal rights in Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_animal_rights" title="Christianity and animal rights">Christianity and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_animal_rights" title="History of animal rights">History of animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_animal_welfare_conventions" title="List of international animal welfare conventions">List of international animal welfare conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_status_of_animals_in_the_ancient_world" title="Moral status of animals in the ancient world">Moral status of animals in the ancient world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_animal_welfare_and_rights" title="Timeline of animal welfare and rights">Timeline of animal welfare and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_on_Animal_Welfare" title="Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare">Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(animal_rights)" title="Abolitionism (animal rights)">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">Animal cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">Animal ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Animal–industrial complex">Animal–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_law" title="Animal law">Animal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_protectionism" title="Animal protectionism">Animal protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_marginal_cases" title="Argument from marginal cases">Argument from marginal cases</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Declaration_on_Consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness">Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_consideration_of_interests" title="Equal consideration of interests">Equal consideration of interests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">Emotion in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience" title="Ethics of uncertain sentience">Ethics of uncertain sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insects_in_ethics" title="Insects in ethics">Insects in ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_rescue" title="Open rescue">Open rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personism" title="Personism">Personism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentiocentrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentiocentrism">Sentiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal agriculture">Animal agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_cage" title="Battery cage">Battery cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_bear" title="Bile bear">Bile bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">Chick culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation" title="Concentrated animal feeding operation">Concentrated animal feeding operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_farming" title="Insect farming">Insect farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">Intensive pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_(pork_industry)" title="Feedback (pork industry)">Feedback (pork industry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_depopulation" title="Foam depopulation">Foam depopulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shutdown" title="Ventilation shutdown">Ventilation shutdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing" title="Alternatives to animal testing">Alternatives to animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Animal testing on non-human primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Scare" title="Green Scare">Green Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">Model organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafovanny" title="Nafovanny">Nafovanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(FBI)" title="Operation Backfire (FBI)">Operation Backfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">Vivisection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">Animal euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_amphibians" title="Pain in amphibians">Pain in amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods" title="Pain in cephalopods">Pain in cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates" title="Pain in invertebrates">Pain in invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_of_farmed_insects" title="Welfare of farmed insects">Welfare of farmed insects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animals">Wild animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culling_wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Culling wildlife">Culling wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_primate_trade" title="International primate trade">International primate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">Ivory trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predation_problem" title="Predation problem">Predation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">Wildlife management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">Abandoned pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Animal slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_trial" title="Animal trial">Animal trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_food" title="Live food">Live food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">Live export</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLibel_case" title="McLibel case">McLibel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute" title="Monkey selfie copyright dispute">Monkey selfie copyright dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_of_despair" title="Pit of despair">Pit of despair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SHAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys" title="Silver Spring monkeys">Silver Spring monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_1985_laboratory_raid" title="University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid">University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss" title="Unnecessary Fuss">Unnecessary Fuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_currents" title="War of the currents">War of the currents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_sabotage" title="Hunt sabotage">Hunt sabotage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Speciesism" title="World Day for the End of Speciesism">World Day for the End of Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Laboratory_Animals" title="World Day for Laboratory Animals">World Day for Laboratory Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Fishing" title="World Day for the End of Fishing">World Day for the End of Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Advocates_(academics,_writers,_activists)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">Advocates</a> (academics, writers, activists)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics<br />and writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysha_Akhtar" title="Aysha Akhtar">Aysha Akhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Andrews" title="Kristin Andrews">Kristin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Beauchamp" title="Tom Beauchamp">Tom Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paola_Cavalieri" title="Paola Cavalieri">Paola Cavalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._L._Clark" title="Stephen R. L. Clark">Stephen R. L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Crary" title="Alice Crary">Alice Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_DeGrazia" title="David DeGrazia">David DeGrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Donovan" title="Josephine Donovan">Josephine Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Dunayer" title="Joan Dunayer">Joan Dunayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catia_Faria" title="Catia Faria">Catia Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Finsen" title="Lawrence Finsen">Lawrence Finsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Gruen" title="Lori Gruen">Lori Gruen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hadley_(philosopher)" title="John Hadley (philosopher)">John Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Jamieson" title="Dale Jamieson">Dale Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Johannsen" title="Kyle Johannsen">Kyle Johannsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kean" title="Hilda Kean">Hilda Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lyons" title="Dan Lyons">Dan Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Palmer" title="Clare Palmer">Clare Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Patterson_(author)" title="Charles Patterson (author)">Charles Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Pierce" title="Jessica Pierce">Jessica Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Pluhar" title="Evelyn Pluhar">Evelyn Pluhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rowlands" title="Mark Rowlands">Mark Rowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Ryder" title="Richard D. Ryder">Richard D. Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_F._Sapontzis" title="Steve F. Sapontzis">Steve F. Sapontzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sebo" title="Jeff Sebo">Jeff Sebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Steiner" title="Gary Steiner">Gary Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatjana_Vi%C5%A1ak" title="Tatjana Višak">Tatjana Višak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waldau" title="Paul Waldau">Paul Waldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Renaud_Boullier" title="David Renaud Boullier">David Renaud Boullier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_St._C._Bostock" title="Stephen St. C. Bostock">Stephen St. C. Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_Brophy" title="Brigid Brophy">Brigid Brophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buchan" title="Peter Buchan">Peter Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Caird" title="Mona Caird">Mona Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crowe_(vicar)" title="Henry Crowe (vicar)">Henry Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daggett" title="Herman Daggett">Herman Daggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dean_(curate)" title="Richard Dean (curate)">Richard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dietler" title="Wilhelm Dietler">Wilhelm Dietler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Drummond" title="William Hamilton Drummond">William Hamilton Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Payson_Evans" title="Edward Payson Evans">Edward Payson Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Gentry" title="Thomas G. Gentry">Thomas G. Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Helps" title="Arthur Helps">Arthur Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hildrop" title="John Hildrop">John Hildrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell" title="John Zephaniah Holwell">John Zephaniah Holwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soame_Jenyns" title="Soame Jenyns">Soame Jenyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause" title="Karl Christian Friedrich Krause">Karl Christian Friedrich Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(writer)" title="John Lawrence (writer)">John Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Magel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Magel">Charles R. Magel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Jean Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Midgley" title="Mary Midgley">Mary Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nelson" title="Leonard Nelson">Leonard Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nicholson_(librarian)" title="Edward Nicholson (librarian)">Edward Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Primatt" title="Humphrey Primatt">Humphrey Primatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peabody_Rogers" title="Nathaniel Peabody Rogers">Nathaniel Peabody Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rollin" title="Bernard Rollin">Bernard Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurids_Smith" title="Laurids Smith">Laurids Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styles" title="John Styles">John Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tryon" title="Thomas Tryon">Thomas Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Varner" title="Gary Varner">Gary Varner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Ludwig_Volckmann" title="Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann">Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Warren" title="Mary Anne Warren">Mary Anne Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlieb_Weigen" title="Adam Gottlieb Weigen">Adam Gottlieb Weigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Winckler" title="Johann Heinrich Winckler">Johann Heinrich Winckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Wise" title="Steven M. Wise">Steven M. Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Aspey" title="James Aspey">James Aspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery">Greg Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ball" title="Matt Ball">Matt Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Baskin" title="Carole Baskin">Carole Baskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbi_Twins" title="Barbi Twins">Barbi Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Baur" title="Gene Baur">Gene Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Carbstrong" title="Joey Carbstrong">Joey Carbstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Caron" title="Aymeric Caron">Aymeric Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Conroy" title="Jake Conroy">Jake Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Coronado" title="Rod Coronado">Rod Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Dawn" title="Karen Dawn">Karen Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_DeRose" title="Chris DeRose">Chris DeRose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Feldmann" title="John Feldmann">John Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Friedrich" title="Bruce Friedrich">Bruce Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Gellatley" title="Juliet Gellatley">Juliet Gellatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Gilboa" title="Tal Gilboa">Tal Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Goetschel" title="Antoine Goetschel">Antoine Goetschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gold_(activist)" title="Mark Gold (activist)">Mark Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gothi%C3%A8re" title="Brigitte Gothière">Brigitte Gothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hsiung" title="Wayne Hsiung">Wayne Hsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Laws" title="Charlotte Laws">Charlotte Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Lee" title="Ronnie Lee">Ronnie Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanna_Lynch" title="Evanna Lynch">Evanna Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Mann" title="Keith Mann">Keith Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mason_(activist)" title="Jim Mason (activist)">Jim Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mathews" title="Dan Mathews">Dan Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo-Anne_McArthur" title="Jo-Anne McArthur">Jo-Anne McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Mell" class="mw-redirect" title="Luísa Mell">Luísa Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna">Virginia McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk" title="Ingrid Newkirk">Ingrid Newkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson">Heather Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_O%27Barry" title="Ric O'Barry">Ric O'Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pacheco_(activist)" title="Alex Pacheco (activist)">Alex Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rosebraugh" title="Craig Rosebraugh">Craig Rosebraugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Runkle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Runkle">Nathan Runkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Singer" title="Jasmin Singer">Jasmin Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Stallwood" title="Kim Stallwood">Kim Stallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Stoner" title="Lynda Stoner">Lynda Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Thieme" title="Marianne Thieme">Marianne Thieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Thurston" title="Darren Thurston">Darren Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Townend" title="Christine Townend">Christine Townend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Turner-Webster" title="Wendy Turner-Webster">Wendy Turner-Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak" title="Jerry Vlasak">Jerry Vlasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Wallis" title="Louise Wallis">Louise Wallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Yourofsky" title="Gary Yourofsky">Gary Yourofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Vegan_Teacher" title="That Vegan Teacher">That Vegan Teacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Amory" title="Cleveland Amory">Cleveland Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Amos" title="Henry B. Amos">Henry B. Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Carrington" title="Edith Carrington">Edith Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Power_Cobbe" title="Frances Power Cobbe">Frances Power Cobbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Court" title="Joan Court">Joan Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Davis_(activist)" title="Karen Davis (activist)">Karen Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dixon" title="Royal Dixon">Royal Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding" title="Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding">Muriel Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farians" title="Elizabeth Farians">Elizabeth Farians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarel_Freshel" title="Emarel Freshel">Emarel Freshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_G%C3%A9raud" title="André Géraud">André Géraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Granger" title="James Granger">James Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Horne_(activist)" title="Barry Horne (activist)">Barry Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Huot" title="Marie Huot">Marie Huot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzy_Lind_af_Hageby" title="Lizzy Lind af Hageby">Lizzy Lind af Hageby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Mackay" title="Jessie Mackay">Jessie Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Phelps" title="Norm Phelps">Norm Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jill_Phipps" title="Death of Jill Phipps">Jill Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Ingersoll_Probasco" title="Maud Ingersoll Probasco">Maud Ingersoll Probasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ruesch" title="Hans Ruesch">Hans Ruesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Shipman" title="Nell Shipman">Nell Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Spira" title="Henry Spira">Henry Spira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tyler" title="Andrew Tyler">Andrew Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler" title="Gretchen Wyler">Gretchen Wyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movement_(groups,_parties)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Movement</a> (groups, parties)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="American Anti-Vivisection Society">American Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Aid" title="Animal Aid">Animal Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_(organization)" title="Animal Ethics (organization)">Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_(organization)" title="Animal Justice (organization)">Animal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Project" title="Animal Justice Project">Animal Justice Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Animal Legal Defense Fund">Animal Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(organisation)" title="Animal Liberation (organisation)">Animal Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">Animal Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rising" title="Animal Rising">Animal Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnimaNaturalis" title="AnimaNaturalis">AnimaNaturalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vivisection_Coalition" title="Anti-Vivisection Coalition">Anti-Vivisection Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_for_the_Voiceless" title="Anonymous for the Voiceless">Anonymous for the Voiceless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Animals_and_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Animals and Social Justice">Centre for Animals and Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Animal_Protection_Network" title="Chinese Animal Protection Network">Chinese Animal Protection Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International" title="Cruelty Free International">Cruelty Free International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Against_Animal_Experiments" title="Doctors Against Animal Experiments">Doctors Against Animal Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimal" title="Equanimal">Equanimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Animal" title="Every Animal">Every Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement" title="Farm Animal Rights Movement">Farm Animal Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunalytics" title="Faunalytics">Faunalytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Animals" title="In Defense of Animals">In Defense of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Animal_Rights_Advocates" title="Korea Animal Rights Advocates">Korea Animal Rights Advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L214" title="L214">L214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_for_Animals" title="Last Chance for Animals">Last Chance for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Animal_Rights_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition">Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_for_Animals" title="Mercy for Animals">Mercy for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics">Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_for_Animals" title="Rise for Animals">Rise for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience_Politics" title="Sentience Politics">Sentience Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaged_Campaigns" title="Uncaged Campaigns">Uncaged Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Activists_for_Animal_Rights" title="United Activists for Animal Rights">United Activists for Animal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Poultry_Concerns" title="United Poultry Concerns">United Poultry Concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPF-Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics">UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_(organisation)" title="Viva! (organisation)">Viva!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_for_Animals_Humane_Society" title="Voice for Animals Humane Society">Voice for Animals Humane Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society">Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_League" title="Humanitarian League">Humanitarian League</a> (1891–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Guild">Millennium Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Group_(animal_rights)" title="Oxford Group (animal rights)">Oxford Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party" title="Animal Justice Party">Animal Justice Party</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">Animal Politics EU</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection Party of Canada</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party_of_Finland" title="Animal Justice Party of Finland">Animal Justice Party of Finland</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Party" title="Animals' Party">Animals' Party</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Movement" title="Animalist Movement">Animalist Movement</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Party_with_the_Environment" title="Animalist Party with the Environment">Animalist Party with the Environment</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DierAnimal" title="DierAnimal">DierAnimal</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Animalist_Party" title="Italian Animalist Party">Italian Animalist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei³</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_National_Conference" title="Animal Rights National Conference">Animal Rights National Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media_(books,_films,_periodicals,_albums)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rights of Animals">The Rights of Animals</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Rights" title="Animals' Rights">Animals' Rights</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolutional_Ethics_and_Animal_Psychology" title="Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology">Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Men_and_Morals" title="Animals, Men and Morals">Animals, Men and Morals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(book)" title="Animal Liberation (book)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Animal_Rights" title="The Case for Animal Rights">The Case for Animal Rights</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morals,_Reason,_and_Animals" title="Morals, Reason, and Animals">Morals, Reason, and Animals</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoos_and_Animal_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoos and Animal Rights">Zoos and Animal Rights</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Property,_and_the_Law" title="Animals, Property, and the Law">Animals, Property, and the Law</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Animals" title="The Lives of Animals">The Lives of Animals</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Treblinka" title="Eternal Treblinka">Eternal Treblinka</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Animals_Have_Rights%3F_(book)" title="Do Animals Have Rights? (book)">Do Animals Have Rights?</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Striking_at_the_Roots" title="Striking at the Roots">Striking at the Roots</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Trilogy_(book)" title="An American Trilogy (book)">An American Trilogy</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Animals_and_Political_Theory" title="An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory">An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Without_Liberation" title="Animal Rights Without Liberation">Animal Rights Without Liberation</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics" title="Political Animals and Animal Politics">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sentientist_Politics" title="Sentientist Politics">Sentientist Politics</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Animal_Ethics" title="Wild Animal Ethics">Wild Animal Ethics</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_in_the_Wild" title="Animal Ethics in the Wild">Animal Ethics in the Wild</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shores_of_Silence" title="Shores of Silence">Shores of Silence</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witness_(2000_film)" title="The Witness (2000 film)">The Witness</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_%26_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde">Legally Blonde 2</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meatrix" title="The Meatrix">The Meatrix</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(2006_film)" title="Behind the Mask (2006 film)">Behind the Mask</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Mommy_Kills_Animals" title="Your Mommy Kills Animals">Your Mommy Kills Animals</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cove_(film)" title="The Cove (film)">The Cove</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom:_The_Journey_Home" title="Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home">Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Apology_to_Elephants" title="An Apology to Elephants">An Apology to Elephants</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speciesism:_The_Movie" title="Speciesism: The Movie">Speciesism: The Movie</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ghosts_in_Our_Machine" title="The Ghosts in Our Machine">The Ghosts in Our Machine</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unlocking_the_Cage" title="Unlocking the Cage">Unlocking the Cage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seaspiracy" title="Seaspiracy">Seaspiracy</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Sentience_(journal)" title="Animal Sentience (journal)">Animal Sentience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Species" title="Between the Species">Between the Species</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_antisp%C3%A9cistes" title="Cahiers antispécistes">Cahiers antispécistes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Etica_%26_Animali" title="Etica & Animali">Etica & Animali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relations._Beyond_Anthropocentrism" title="Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism">Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Defender" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Defender">The Animals' Defender</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkangel_(magazine)" title="Arkangel (magazine)">Arkangel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bite_Back" title="Bite Back">Bite Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muutoksen_kev%C3%A4t" title="Muutoksen kevät">Muutoksen kevät</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(magazine)" title="No Compromise (magazine)">No Compromise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_animal_rights" title="List of songs about animal rights">Albums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(album)" title="Animal Liberation (album)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tame_Yourself" title="Tame Yourself">Tame Yourself</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_(Deadlock_album)" title="Manifesto (Deadlock album)">Manifesto</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvation_of_Innocents" title="Salvation of Innocents">Salvation of Innocents</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onward_to_Freedom" title="Onward to Freedom">Onward to Freedom</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fairs and exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_on_your_Plate" title="Holocaust on your Plate">Holocaust on your Plate</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_rights" title="Category:Animal rights">Category</a> <small style="">( 139 )</small></li></ul> 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