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src="/template/images/header/whe-logo-white-r.svg">'; } function lightMode() { document.getElementById('darkCSS').remove(); document.querySelector('#header_ahe_logo').innerHTML = '<img src="/template/images/header/whe-logo-r.svg">'; } if (localStorage.getItem('darkMode') == 'dark') { darkMode(); } </script> <style type="text/css"> .next { right: 0px; } .prev { left: 0px; } .prev span { left: 10px; } .next span { right: 10px; } .next span, .prev span { position: absolute; top: 50%; top: calc(50% - 15px); } .next,.prev { position: absolute; color: #dadada; font-size: 60px; display: block; height: 100%; width: 47px; } figure.image_gallery:hover .next, figure.image_gallery:hover .prev, .next:hover, .prev:hover { background-color: #fff; opacity: 40%; } figure.image_gallery:hover .next span, figure.image_gallery:hover .prev span { color: #000; } .next:hover span, .prev:hover span { color: #b52600 !important; } figure.image_gallery div.image { position: relative; } .gallery_image_title { margin-bottom: 10px; } .nextprev { text-align: center; height: 30px; } .nextprev .prv { float: left; } .nextprev .nxt { float: right; } .gallery_image_wrapper .pre_article_section { display: none; } </style> <main class="left_3_column"> <div class="image-wrapper" id="gallery_wrapper"> <h2>Image Gallery</h2> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Sikeena Karmali Ahmed" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-sikeenakarmalia.jpg" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/sikeenakarmalia/" rel="author" title="User Page: Sikeena Karmali Ahmed">Sikeena Karmali Ahmed</a> <br/> published on 26 November 2024 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=art+Art_History+india+Mughal_Art+Mughal_Empire+Mughal_Painting+Painting" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=sikeenakarmalia" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> </div> <article> <p>In this gallery, we present many fine examples of paintings from the Mughal <a href="/empire/">Empire</a> (1526-1857). Espoused and cultivated by the Mughal court, the artform married the bold styles of classical Indian miniature painting, dating as far back as the 9th century, with the more delicate aesthetic of Persian and Deccani artists and European influences from artists such as <a href="/Albrecht_Durer/">Albrecht Dürer</a> (1471-1528).</p> <p>The Mughal Empire, established in 1526 by Zahiruddin <a href="/disambiguation/Muhammad/">Muhammad</a> Babur (1482- 1530) inaugurated 20 emperors, all linked by male descendants to the blood of Babur and through him to his great Central Asian ancestors, Timur Lane (d.1405) on his father’s side and <a href="/Genghis_Khan/">Genghis Khan</a> (c.1162 – 1227) on his mother’s.</p> <div class="big_quote">The Mughal warrior-politician-strategist-prince was endowed with an artistic and poetic disposition.</div> <p>Babur, when he came to replace his father on the throne of Fergana at the tender age of twelve, was already well versed in the art of politics, securing immediately the cooperation of his father’s aides and some of his enemies, over the course of his manifold forays into Samarkand and Bukhara. However, unable to <a href="/warfare/">conquer</a> the stronghold of Samarkand, he turned southeast towards Afghanistan and took Kabul in a sea of bloodshed. A born strategist, he then claimed dominion over Hindustan (<a href="/india/">India</a>).</p> <p>He advised his sons to maintain the respect he, himself, had shown to the religious and cultural sensibilities of the local peoples, especially the ruling classes. This is how the Mughals formed alliances with both <a href="/hinduism/">Hindu</a> and Muslim feudal rulers, effectively co-opting them as participants in the new empire. The Mughals did not see themselves as imperialists and or conquerors – rather they were princes looking for a homeland; a place where they could live and cultivate what would become a thriving <a href="/civilization/">civilization</a>.</p> <p>The Mughal warrior-politician-strategist-prince was also endowed with an artistic and poetic disposition, as evidenced in their founder Babur’s memoirs, the Baburnama. Thus Mughal emperors, perhaps Emperor Akbar chief among them, promoted a new aesthetic for their court: one that mirrored their commitment to an India that embraced the cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity of its peoples. Craftsmen from northern India (then known as Hindustan) – Hindu and Muslim, came together with Iranian and Deccani masters at Mughal workshops to create a new cosmopolitan style of painting that mirrored the cosmopolitan ethos of its rulers.</p> </article> <div class="gallery_image_wrapper"> <h3 class="gallery_image_title">Folios from the Hamzama</h3> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Sikeena Karmali Ahmed" src="//www.gravatar.com/avatar/12d26ba104c53ea4bc17565051955b15?d=identicon" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <b>Victoria & Albert Museum</b> <br/> published on 25 November 2024 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=art+Art_History+india+Mughal_Art+Mughal_Empire+Mughal_Painting+Painting" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=sikeenakarmalia" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> </div> <figure class="image_gallery"> <div class="image"> <a href="/collection/283/a-gallery-of-mughal-paintings/2/#gallery_wrapper" class="next" rel="next"><span>❱</span></a> <picture> <source srcset="/img/r/p/1500x1500/19652.jpg.webp?v=1732522225-1732522237 1500w, /img/r/p/750x750/19652.jpg.webp?v=1732522225-1732522237 750w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/img/r/p/1500x1500/19652.jpg?v=1732522225-1732522237 1500w, /img/r/p/750x750/19652.jpg?v=1732522225-1732522237 750w" type="image/jpeg"> <img src="/img/r/p/750x750/19652.jpg?v=1732522225-1732522237" alt="Folios from the Hamzama" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" class="image_large gallery_image" width="750" height="487" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%;"/> </picture> </div> <figcaption> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/uploads/images/19652.jpg" class="outline_button inline" rel="nofollow alternate">View Full-Size Image</a></p> <p class="description"> <p>Left to right: The <em>Hamzanama</em> is one of the most famous illustrated manuscripts of Mughal painting. It depicts stories from the life of Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib (c. 569–625) who was the uncle of the Islamic <a href="/Prophet_Muhammad/">prophet Muhammad</a>. The book was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605) circa 1562. This page illustrates the murder of Hamza's son while he sleeps; the <a href="/Giants/">giant</a> Zumrud Shah falls into a well and is beaten by gardeners, detached folios from the <em>Hamzanama</em>, gouache on cotton backed with paper, 1562 – 77, Mughal. Museum nos. IS.1508-1883, IS.1516-1883. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London</p> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="nextprev"> <a href="/collection/283/a-gallery-of-mughal-paintings/2/#gallery_wrapper" class="content_button red nxt" rel="next">Next Image »</a> </div> <div class="collection_contents"> <div class="collection_images ci_listing"> <h3>Images in this Gallery</h3> <div class="ci_mosaic"> <a href="/image/19652/folios-from-the-hamzama/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19652.jpg?v=1732522225-1732522237);" title="Folios from the Hamzama"></a><a href="/image/19621/hamza-kills-a-tiger---from-the-hamzanama/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19621.jpg?v=1732522359-1732522370);" title="Hamza Kills a Tiger - from the Hamzanama"></a><a href="/image/18706/learned-man/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/18706.jpeg?v=1710373525-1712138868);" title="Learned Man"></a><a href="/image/19653/folio-from-the-baburnama/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19653.jpg?v=1732523043-1732523059);" title="Folio from the Baburnama"></a><a href="/image/19654/two-folios-from-the-baburnama/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19654.jpg?v=1732522870-1732522883);" title="Two Folios from the Baburnama"></a><a href="/image/19656/folio-from-the-harivamsa/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19656.jpg?v=1731513579-1732524365);" title="Folio from the Harivamsa"></a><a href="/image/19709/krishna-holds-up-mount-govardhan/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19709.jpg?v=1732388832-1732528413);" title="Krishna Holds Up Mount Govardhan"></a><a href="/image/19708/alexander-visits-the-sage-plato-in-his-mountain-ca/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19708.jpg?v=1732388051-1732528134);" title="Alexander Visits the Sage Plato in his Mountain Cave"></a><a href="/image/19655/folio-from-akbarnama/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19655.jpg?v=1732829715-1732524078);" title="Folio from Akbarnama"></a><a href="/image/11273/painting-of-the-siege-of-baghdad/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/11273.jpg?v=1692887049);" title="Painting of the Siege of Baghdad"></a><a href="/image/19657/the-martyrdom-of-saint-cecilia/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19657.jpg?v=1731513994-1732526466);" title="The Martyrdom of Saint Cecilia"></a><a href="/image/12135/akbar-in-the-ibadat-khana/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/12135.jpg?v=1713003303);" title="Akbar in the Ibadat Khana"></a><a href="/image/19658/elephants-with-mythical-beasts/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19658.jpg?v=1731514213-1732526789);" title="Elephants with Mythical Beasts"></a><a href="/image/18860/jahangir-and-his-vizier-itimad-al-daula/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/18860.jpeg?v=1713596409-1715246936);" title="Jahangir and His Vizier, I'timad al-Daula"></a><a href="/image/19659/the-emperor-shah-jahan-as-a-prince/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19659.jpg?v=1731514602-1732526952);" title="The Emperor Shah Jahan as a Prince"></a><a href="/image/16386/sir-thomas-roe-at-the-court-of-jahangir/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/16386.png?v=1733206385-1663319090);" title="Sir Thomas Roe at the Court of Jahangir"></a><a href="/image/19660/mughal-zebra-painting/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19660.jpg?v=1731515213-1732527118);" title="Mughal Zebra Painting"></a><a href="/image/19619/timur-handing-the-crown-to-babur/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19619.jpg?v=1732522310-1732522324);" title="Timur Handing the Crown to Babur"></a><a href="/image/19620/akbar-with-a-lion-and-a-calf/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19620.jpeg?v=1730657213-1730708481);" title="Akbar with a Lion and a Calf"></a><a href="/image/19662/folio-from-shah-jahans-album-by-mirali/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19662.jpg?v=1731516405-1732527727);" title="Folio from Shah Jahan's Album by Mir`Ali"></a><a href="/image/19661/mughal-calligraphy--ornamentation/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19661.jpg?v=1731516199-1732527455);" title="Mughal Calligraphy & Ornamentation"></a><a href="/image/19713/the-goddess-bhairavi-devi-with-shiva/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19713.jpg?v=1732392195-1732523905);" title="The Goddess Bhairavi Devi with Shiva"></a><a href="/image/16625/jahanara-begum/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/16625.png?v=1667209310-1667209341);" title="Jahanara Begum"></a><a href="/image/19714/preparations-for-a-mughal-hunt/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19714.jpg?v=1732523296-1732523322);" title="Preparations for a Mughal Hunt"></a><a href="/image/19710/album-leaf-with-nad-e-ali-prayer/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19710.jpg?v=1732389913-1732528741);" title="Album Leaf with Nad-e Ali Prayer"></a><a href="/image/19712/chand-bibi-hawking-with-attendants-in-a-landscape/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19712.jpg?v=1732391969-1732530136);" title="Chand Bibi Hawking with Attendants in a Landscape"></a><a href="/image/13975/babur-mughal-emperor/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/13975.png?v=1636037102);" title="Babur, Mughal Emperor"></a><a href="/image/19715/the-emperor-aurangzeb-carried-on-a-palanquin/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19715.jpg?v=1732523515-1732523546);" title="The Emperor Aurangzeb Carried on a Palanquin"></a><a href="/image/18483/ladies-on-a-terrace/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/18483.jpg?v=1709015583-1707988755);" title="Ladies on a Terrace"></a><a href="/image/16622/portrait-of-nur-jahan/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/16622.png?v=1667206810-1667206816);" title="Portrait of Nur Jahan"></a><a href="/image/18505/mughal-princess-reclining-on-a-terrace-with-attend/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/18505.jpg?v=1712075524-1708338307);" title="Mughal Princess Reclining on a Terrace with Attendants"></a><a href="/image/19711/mughal-prince--ladies-in-a-garden/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19711.jpg?v=1732721864-1732721893);" title="Mughal Prince & Ladies in a Garden"></a><a href="/image/17936/bracelet-with-mughal-miniature-portraits/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/17936.jpg?v=1695684656-1695722105);" title="Bracelet with Mughal Miniature Portraits"></a><a href="/image/19039/emperor-humayun/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19039.jpeg?v=1717455296-1717489983);" title="Emperor Humayun"></a><a href="/image/19716/bahadur-shah-zafar-ii/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: url(/img/c/p/360x202/19716.jpg?v=1732521686-1732521697);" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar II"></a><a href="/image/18963/hamida-banu-begum/" class="ci_mosaic_item tooltip" style="background-image: 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