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escape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_escape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligueur_governor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligueur_governor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span><i>Ligueur</i> governor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligueur_governor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fight_for_the_crown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fight_for_the_crown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Fight for the crown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fight_for_the_crown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_of_Henri_IV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_of_Henri_IV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign of Henri IV</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign_of_Henri_IV-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign of Henri IV subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign_of_Henri_IV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Arques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ivry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ivry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ivry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ivry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Vienne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estates_General_of_1593" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estates_General_of_1593"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Estates General of 1593</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estates_General_of_1593-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coup_and_counter_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_and_counter_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Coup and counter coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_and_counter_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_escape_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_escape_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Second escape and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_escape_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Emmanuel_de_Savoie-Nemours" title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AE%CE%BB_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%90%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Κάρολος Εμμανουήλ της Σαβοΐας-Νεμούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Εμμανουήλ της Σαβοΐας-Νεμούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_Saboya-Nemours" title="Carlos Manuel de Saboya-Nemours – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlos Manuel de Saboya-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Emmanuel_de_Savoie-Nemours" title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Emanuele_di_Savoia-Nemours" title="Carlo Emanuele di Savoia-Nemours – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo Emanuele di Savoia-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تشارلز عمانويل من سافوى دوق نيمور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز عمانويل من سافوى دوق نيمور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Emanuel_van_Savoye-Nemours" title="Karel Emanuel van Savoye-Nemours – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karel Emanuel van Savoye-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos-Emanuel_de_Saboia-Nemours" title="Carlos-Emanuel de Saboia-Nemours – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carlos-Emanuel de Saboia-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Карл Эммануил Савойский (герцог Немурский) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карл Эммануил Савойский (герцог Немурский)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Emmanuel_de_Savoie-Nemours" title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Savoie-Nemours" title="Jacques de Savoie-Nemours – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jacques de Savoie-Nemours" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%97%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Карл Еммануїл Савойський (герцог Немурський) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Еммануїл Савойський (герцог Немурський)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Late 16th-century French noble and governor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background: #99BADD; color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">duc de Nemours <br /> prince de Genevois</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Charles_Emmanuel_of_Savoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie portrayed in the gallery of portraits of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard,_Loire_Valley" title="Château de Beauregard, Loire Valley">Château de Beauregard</a>, 17th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1567</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">13 August 1595<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Annecy" title="Château d'Annecy">Château d'Annecy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble family</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Maison de Savoie</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Jacques,_Duke_of_Nemours" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques, Duke of Nemours">Jacques de Savoie, duke of Nemours</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_d%27Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne d'Este">Anne d'Este</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie, prince de Genevois and duc de Nemours</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1567</span>–13 August 1595) was a French <i>prince étranger</i>, governor, military commander and rebel during the latter <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>. The eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Jacques,_Duke_of_Nemours" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques, Duke of Nemours">Jacques de Savoie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_d%27Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne d'Este">Anne d'Este</a>, Nemours was a member of a prominent princely family. He entered French political at the age of 18 as a partisan of the second <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic League (France)">Catholic <i>ligue</i></a>, rallying cavalry to the rebel army, and assisting in forcing <a href="/wiki/Henri_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri III of France">Henri III</a> to capitulate to their demands. In the following years, the king was compelled by the terms of the peace to make war against Protestantism. The former rebel <i>ligueurs</i> hoped the 'cowed' king would afford them advantage, but Henri was keen to dilute the authority of the former rebels. As a result Nemours' position as colonel-general of the light cavalry was diluted with several appointments of royal favourites. During this period, Nemours coveted the governate of the <a href="/wiki/Lyonnais" title="Lyonnais">Lyonnais</a>, which had previously been held by his father before 1571. When <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Mandelot" title="François de Mandelot">François de Mandelot</a>, who held the office, died in November 1588, Henri was compelled to recognise Nemours as the new governor due to his political weakness. Frustrated at his continued capitulations to the <i>ligue</i>, on 23 December 1588, Henri assassinated the leader of the <i>ligue</i> <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I, Duke of Guise">the duke of Guise</a>. In the wake of the assassination, Nemours and other <i>ligueur</i> leaders were arrested by the king. Nemours was however quickly able to bribe his guards and secure freedom. </p><p>Arriving in <i>ligueur</i> held Paris, Nemours received a warm welcome from the radical Catholics of the city. He then headed to Lyon which had declared itself for the <i>ligue</i> in February 1589. Nemours, granted an initially warm welcome from the <i>ligueurs</i> in the city, set to work imposing himself on their structures before departing to join the main <i>ligueur</i> army in the north. He fought at the two royalist victories of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arques" title="Battle of Arques">Arques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Ivry</a>. The Protestant Henri IV, the royalist candidate for king followed up his victories by besieging Paris. Nemours led the defence of the city in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Lorraine,_chevalier_d%27Aumale" title="Claude de Lorraine, chevalier d'Aumale">the chevalier d'Aumale</a>, putting down a royalist rebellion, before the city was saved for the <i>ligueurs</i> by a Spanish army under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">the duke of Parma</a>. Returning to his governate in 1591, Nemours found himself increasingly in conflict with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_d%27%C3%89pinac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre d'Épinac (page does not exist)">archbishop of Lyon</a>, who led the main <i>ligueur</i> faction in the city. In 1592 he campaigned into Dauphiné against the royalist commander <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bonne,_Duke_of_Lesdigui%C3%A8res" title="François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières">Lesdiguières</a>, and capturing Vienne. He participated in the <i>ligueur</i> <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1593" title="Estates General of 1593">Estates General of 1593</a>, where he was among the candidates to become king. By his next return to Lyon, his tyrannical treatment of the city had become intolerable, and he was deposed in a coup by the archbishop, and detained in the citadel. In February 1594 the city would be delivered to the royalists, and <a href="/wiki/Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre">Pomponne de Bellièvre</a> would arrive to negotiate with Nemours for the capitulation of his brother, but he refused to cooperate. On 25 July he escaped his second captivity, and continued his rebellion. By mid 1595 he was forced into exile by declining military fortunes, and died of a fever on 13 August of that year. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie was born in 1567 the eldest son of Jacques de Savoie and Anne d'Este.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981144–1145_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981144–1145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Henri_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri I, Duke of Nemours">Henri de Savoie, marquis of Saint-Sorlin</a> who was born in 1572.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197895_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding197895-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anne d'Este had great ambitions for her son's marriage. She sought a match with <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Lorraine" title="Christina of Lorraine">Christine de Lorraine</a> for him. Christine was a granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medici">Catherine de Medici</a>, mother to <a href="/wiki/Henri_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri III of France">the king</a>. Henri was prepared to countenance such an advantageous prospect, but only if the Lorraine family returned from their scheming to royal obedience. Therefore it would not transpire and he would remain unmarried.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign_of_Henri_III">Reign of Henri III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign of Henri III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Catholic_ligue">Second Catholic <i>ligue</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Catholic ligue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During July 1584, the brother to the king and his heir <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Francis, Duke of Anjou">Alençon</a> died. The kingdom was thus moved to a succession crisis as by the laws of succession the next in line was the king's distant cousin the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Henri_IV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri IV of France">king of Navarre</a>. In opposition to this succession and other grievances concerning access to royal favour, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I, Duke of Guise">duke of Guise</a> and the wider Lorraine family formed the nucleus of a new <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic League (France)">Catholic <i>ligue</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016229–231_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016229–231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1585, the <i>ligue</i> entered a state of war with the crown. Nemours rallied to the cause in support of his kinsmen. As part of the recruitment drive to build up an army in opposition to the royal forces, he was charged to bring to bear 600 Italian horsemen. At this time he was <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Geneva" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Geneva">prince de Genevois</a> while his father held the ducal office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECloulas1979500_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECloulas1979500-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 1585 the main <i>ligueur</i> army had reached 25,000 men and 2000 horse, excluding their subsidiary armies. Henri was left with little alternative but to capitulate to the <i>ligue</i>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nemours" title="Treaty of Nemours">Treaty of Nemours</a> he agreed to exclude Navarre from the succession, commit to a war against heresy and grant various towns and cities to the <i>ligueur</i> leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016236_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016236-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chevau-léger"><span id="Chevau-l.C3.A9ger"></span>Chevau-léger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chevau-léger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the crisis of the war with the <i>ligue</i>, Henri sort to reinforce the position of his favourites in control over the military. To this end in January 1586 <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Joyeuse" title="Anne de Joyeuse">Joyeuse</a> was made commander of 12 companies of light horse, which were reclassified as a component of the royal guard. This aroused the fury of Guise, and also Nemours who by this time had acquired for himself the position of colonel-general of the light cavalry and saw this dilution of his authority for what it was.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000527_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000527-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Nemours arrived in Paris shortly thereafter on 1 February, Joyeuse and the other chief favourite of the king <a href="/wiki/Jean_Louis_de_Nogaret_de_La_Valette" title="Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette">Épernon</a> were there to greet him. In contravention to the behaviour expected of them upon the arrival of a prince, neither dismounted their horses to greet him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000606_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000606-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nemours' authority over the light cavalry was further attacked in 1587 after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coutras" title="Battle of Coutras">Battle of Coutras</a> when, at Épernon's request, his brother <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_de_La_Valette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard de La Valette (page does not exist)">the seigneur de La Valette</a> was installed as <i>maître de camp</i> for the light cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000528_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000528-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyonnais">Lyonnais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lyonnais"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governor of the Lyonnais since 1571, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Mandelot" title="François de Mandelot">François de Mandelot</a> was aware that the duke of Nemours coveted the position, which prior to 1571 had been held by his father. To this end Mandelot sought to walk a careful line in his governorship between appeasing the moderate <i>ligueurs</i> in the city and remaining a loyal servant of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1984155_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1984155-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1588, while the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1588" title="Estates General of 1588">Estates General</a> was in progress, Mandelot died. Nemours was appointed by the king to succeed him to the high office on 24 November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king had promised the position to his secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Neufville,_seigneur_de_Villeroy" title="Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy">Villeroy</a> who had married Mandelot's daughter, but the hopes of being able to successfully appease the <i>ligue</i> faction were still alive in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having established himself in the position, Nemours would appoint the seneschal of Lyon <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Gadagne" title="Guillaume de Gadagne">the sieur de Bothéon</a> as lieutenant-general of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESauzet1992175_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESauzet1992175-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006153_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006153-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_of_the_duke_of_Guise">Assassination of the duke of Guise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assassination of the duke of Guise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg/220px-L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg/330px-L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg/440px-L%C3%A9gended%27Henri_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>Assassination of Henri I, Duke of Guise, by Henri III, in 1588. Painting by Charles Durupt in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Blois">Château de Blois</a>, where the attack took place.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite being politically allied to his brother in law <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I, Duke of Guise">the duke of Guise</a> the relationship was not without issues. Guise's particular popularity inspired jealousy in Nemours and other members of the Lorraine family. This jealousy contributed to the king's feelings that he could dispose of his most powerful enemy without encountering overwhelming opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979245_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979245-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having committed to the execution of <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_the_Duke_of_Guise_(1588)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of the Duke of Guise (1588)">assassinating the duke of Guise</a> it was necessary for Henri to secure control over as many of the dukes political allies as he could to avoid them retaliating against the move. In the arrests that followed Nemours was imprisoned, alongside Guise's cousin <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Elbeuf" title="Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf">the duke of Elbeuf</a>, the <i>ligueur</i> candidate for the throne <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_de_Bourbon_(born_1523)" title="Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)">Cardinal Bourbon</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_d%27%C3%89pinac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre d'Épinac (page does not exist)">archbishop of Lyon, a prominent ally of the Lorraine family</a> and the duke's young son the <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Charles, Duke of Guise">prince of Joinville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010122_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010122-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2011292_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2011292-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nemours' mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_d%27Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne d'Este">Anne d'Este</a> would also be arrested on a short term basis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this arrest, when he visited his ill mother Catherine de' Medici to tell her what he had just done, he assured her that having dealt with the threat to his authority embodied by the duke of Guise, he had nothing but affection for Elbeuf, Nemours and <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles III, Duke of Lorraine">the duke of Lorraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016269_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016269-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_escape">First escape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First escape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His imprisonment would not be a long one, quickly escaping the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Amboise" title="Château d'Amboise">Château d'Amboise</a> where he was held, during January through the expedient of bribing his guards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016282_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016282-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000700_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000700-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived in <i>ligueur</i> controlled Paris on 1 February and on 12 February, he was received at the church of Saint-Jean-de-Grève alongside <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Mayenne" title="Charles, Duke of Mayenne">Guise's brother Mayenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Aumale" title="Charles, Duke of Aumale">cousin, the duke of Aumale</a>. All three were received rapturously by the fiercely Catholic crowd, who cried 'Long live the Catholic princes!'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016278_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016278-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aumale would be elevated by the Parisian <i>ligue</i> becoming governor of Paris on 26 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016281_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201072_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201072-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996230_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996230-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012137_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012137-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 February a general assembly was held at Paris' <i>hôtel de ville</i>. Present were Mayenne; Aumale; <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Lorraine,_chevalier_d%27Aumale" title="Claude de Lorraine, chevalier d'Aumale">the chevalier d'Aumale</a>, brother of Aumale and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lorraine-Chaligny" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Lorraine-Chaligny">the comte de Chaligny</a> among many <i>ligueur</i> notables of the city. Mayenne swore his oath to the <i>ligue</i> in front of the assembly, and shortly thereafter a <i>Conseil générale de la Sainte Union</i> was established under his direction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006184_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006184-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, the nobles who had been with Mayenne were inducted as members of this new sovereign authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006185_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006185-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month on 13 March, Mayenne was elevated to the position of 'lieutenant-general' of the kingdom by the <i>ligue</i>, giving him overall authority until such time as they had a king. This displeased Nemours, who had ambitions to lead the <i>ligue</i> of his own, and received encouragement in this from his mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_d%27Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne d'Este">Anne d'Este</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006188_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006188-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligueur_governor"><i>Ligueur</i> governor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ligueur governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Lyon rose up on 23 February in a violent reaction to news of the assassination of the duke, declaring itself for the <i>ligueur</i> cause. The city was greatly sympathetic towards the <i>ligue</i> due to their hatred of the royal commander in the region <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_de_La_Valette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard de La Valette (page does not exist)">the seigneur de La Valette</a>, brother to the royal favourite <a href="/wiki/Jean_Louis_de_Nogaret_de_La_Valette" title="Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette">the duke of Épernon</a>. Nemours arrived in the city on 22 March to cries of 'Long live the Catholic prince' from the <i>ligueur</i> population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016283_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016283-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon thereafter he attended a <i>Te Deum</i> at the <i>cathédrale Saint-Jean</i> and took over the post of lieutenant-general in addition to that of governor of the Lyonnais.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006194_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006194-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ligue</i> control of the city would be contested between the various poles of <i>ligueur</i> authority, Nemours, the archbishop of Lyon and the urban elite of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010203_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010203-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To assist in his administration of the Lyonnais in the <i>ligues</i> war with the crown, Nemours established a <i>conseil de guerre</i> for the province. This was largely dominated by his personal clients, but afforded the town council of Lyon the right to elect two members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197890_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding197890-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would rarely visit Lyon in the coming years, and as such left his brother <a href="/wiki/Henri_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri I, Duke of Nemours">Saint-Sorlin</a> as his lieutenant in the city to manage relations with the <i>ligueur</i> council of the city while he conducted rural operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197895_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding197895-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint-Sorlin, only 16 years old when placed into the authority, proved weak and ineffective, and thus the archbishop of Lyon provided the cities leadership in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>ligueur</i> council in Lyon was also manipulated by Nemours, with the grandee installing two loyal nobles from each of the three components of his governate on the council (Lyonnais, Forez, Beaujolais). This was not enough however to command a majority, allowing the archbishop to take the lead on the council.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italian bankers of the city, much despised by the <i>ligueur</i> partisans were pushed from Lyon. with only around 6 families remaining by 1589. The merchants of the city, who had previously taken out loans from these Italian bankers tried to have relief for their debts granted by the <i>ligue</i> leadership as represented by the <i>lieutenant-general</i> <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Mayenne" title="Charles, Duke of Mayenne">Mayenne</a> and Nemours. To this end they argued at the town council to the great nobles that the loans were a product of the 'tyrannical' Henri III and his 'bloodsucker' administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italians continued to depart, and by 1592 only one family, the Capponi, remained.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003204_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003204-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relations between the urban <i>ligueurs</i> and Nemours would not long survive their initial honeymoon period. In 1591, Nemours sought to gain advantage in his influence over the city through an appeal to the general xenophobia of the <i>ligue</i> towards Italians. To this end he ordered that the property of François Fortis, originally of Florentine extraction, be seized. During the seizure of the property Fortis was killed by the guards who came to repossess it. The <i>ligue</i> had however appointed Fortis the militia captain for the quarter of Saint-Vincent. Therefore, the council complained to Nemours about his arbitrary treatment of Fortis. Nemours protested, that Fortis was not a Frenchman and was a Florentine. The council retorted that regardless, it was not Nemours place to conduct violent actions against residents of the city, and that Fortis had great affection for Lyon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003205_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003205-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fight_for_the_crown">Fight for the crown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fight for the crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henri was put into a desperate position by the assassination of the duke, with much of the country rising up against him. To this end he entered compact with his former heir, the <a href="/wiki/Henri_IV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri IV of France">Protestant Navarre</a>, uniting their forces against the <i>ligue</i> in April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland1980282_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland1980282-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after establishing this concord, Henri reached out to Mayenne with a proposal for his submission. The Lorraine's would be preserved in their governorships, and Nemours was to be offered maintenance of his control over Lyon with a pension of 10,000 <i>écus</i> added as a sweetener. This proposal was however unacceptable to the <i>ligueurs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006233_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006233-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nemours meanwhile left Lyon and moved north, taking <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> for the <i>ligue</i> on his path north. Arriving near the capital he fought in the indecisive battles with the royalists in the summer of 1589.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alliance of Henri and Navarre would last until Henri's assassination on 2 August 1589 at which point Navarre ascended as the royalist candidate for king, as Henri IV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201073_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201073-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assassination damaged the royalist position, and Henri retreated from the capital, which the two kings had been besieging, into Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012148_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012148-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign_of_Henri_IV">Reign of Henri IV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reign of Henri IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arques">Arques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg/220px-Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg/330px-Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg/440px-Henri_IV_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arques_21_septembre_1589.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Henri IV leading the royalist charge during the Battle of Arques</figcaption></figure> <p>Mayenne led the <i>ligue</i> army in pursuit, aiming to drive Henri into the sea, and the two sides met first at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arques" title="Battle of Arques">Battle of Arques</a>, where Henri triumphed, and it was reported that Nemours was wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006295_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006295-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the first day of the combat, Mayenne had charged Nemours with control of half of the army to conduct an assault on the royal camp while Mayenne assaulted a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a>, however Mayenne faced stern opposition from <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Coligny" title="François de Coligny">Châtillon</a> in this effort and decided to reunify the army under his personal command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009469_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009469-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the defeat at Arques, Nemours was charged with racing back to Paris with an advanced guard of cavalry to see to the cities defences against any advance from the king, a task in which he was successful, leading to Henri's approach to the city being only brief before pulling back.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009474_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009474-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two sides met again at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Battle of Ivry</a> on 14 March 1590.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ivry">Ivry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ivry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nemours led Mayenne's cavalry on the <i>ligueur</i> right, facing off against the royalist cavalry under the command of <a href="/wiki/Jean_VI_d%27Aumont" title="Jean VI d'Aumont">Marshal Aumont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="François, Duke of Montpensier">the duke of Montpensier</a>. The battle began after an ineffective artillery duel, with a series of engagements along the line. Nemours mauled the forces under Montpensier however this could not make up for the victory of Henri himself in the centre, who bested the forces under Mayenne and sent them fleeing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henri was left in control of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012153_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012153-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris">Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg/220px-Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg/330px-Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg/440px-Henri_IV_assi%C3%A9geant_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Henri IV at the unsuccessful siege of Paris, where Nemours led the defence of the city</figcaption></figure> <p>Henri looked to convert his victory at Ivry to a decisive defeat of the <i>ligue</i> in France, and moved back to Paris for a new siege which began in earnest in May. Nemours who had retreated into the city after Ivry was joined by <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Lorraine,_chevalier_d%27Aumale" title="Claude de Lorraine, chevalier d'Aumale">the chevalier d'Aumale</a> one of the late duke of Guise's junior cousins. The two men led the cities defences in alliance with the <i>ligueur</i> government, known as the <i>Seize</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012154_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012154-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 May the two joined a large procession to conduct the relics of Saint-Denis to Notre-Dame. Arriving in the cathedral the men and the other notables present swore at the altar that they would devote their lives to preserving the Catholic religion in Paris, and would die before serving Henri IV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996253_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996253-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July Henri secured Saint-Denis and the <i>faubourgs</i> on the left bank of the river, causing a panic in the city proper. Protestors who wanted to yield to Henri broke into the <i>palais de justice</i> demanding peace and bread. The royalist protestors were however easily swept up by Nemours who organised arrests, hangings and ransoms in response, breaking the movement. He was less keen than many <i>ligueurs</i> in the city to institute bloody reprisals however.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996255_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996255-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paris would however be saved from without, by the arrival of an army under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">the duke of Parma</a>, who forced Henri to retreat from the city in September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012156_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012156-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1591 Nemours returned back down south to Lyon, hardened by his experience of campaigning in the north. He was determined to impose himself on his governate. Importing luxury furniture and expanding his residence he was determined to carve out a place for himself in the manner of a prince. He developed his network in the city, in opposition to the Mayenniste party embodied by the archbishop of Lyon's affinity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nemours' relations with the 'lieutenant general' of the <i>ligue</i>, Mayenne were frosty. Mayenne showed himself hostile to the authority of Nemours over the Lyonnais. In response, Nemours interfered inside Mayenne's governorship of Bourgogne. In usurpation of Mayenne's authority, Nemours ordered the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Bauffremont" title="Claude de Bauffremont">the baron de Sennecy</a>, Mayenne's lieutenant-general for the region, due to his perceived caution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979265_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979265-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was suspected that he desired to rebuild the Château of the city, which had been destroyed in 1585 in case it became necessary to come to blows with Mayenne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mayenne attempted further negotiations with Henri during March 1592. He insisted that his governorship of Bourgogne be a hereditary guarantee, something the king could not countenance, a host of other demands, among which was the provision of the governorship of the Lyonnais to him as an expansion of the governate of Bourgogne. Nemours who would lose his territory would be granted some indeterminate compensation. These negotiations did not progress anywhere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996400_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996400-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienne">Vienne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vienne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the campaign season of 1592, Nemours attacked into <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> against the Protestant commander <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bonne,_Duke_of_Lesdigui%C3%A8res" title="François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières">Lesdiguières</a> and succeeded in containing the commander, causing him to cease interventions into <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979262_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979262-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lesdiguères had been aiming to combat the intervention of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">the duke of Savoie</a> who sought to carve out French territory for himself. Nemours was happy to support his kinsmen in this enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996397–398_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996397–398-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He achieved the further goal of securing for himself the city of <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a> in Dauphiné that year, further weakening the royal position in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009521_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009521-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estates_General_of_1593">Estates General of 1593</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Estates General of 1593"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <i>ligueur</i> <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1593" title="Estates General of 1593">Estates General of 1593</a>, called to elect a new <i>ligueur</i> king in opposition to Henri IV many candidates for the title were present. Among them were Mayenne, the young duke of Guise, the duke of Savoie, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles III, Duke of Lorraine">the duke of Lorraine</a> and Nemours, who was a cadet of the sovereign Savoyard dukes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979268_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979268-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish in attendance pushed hard for the candidacy of the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Felipe II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Valois" title="Elisabeth of Valois">Elisabeth of Valois</a>, initially proposing marrying her to <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">the Erzherzog von Österreich</a>. Receiving strong resistance to this, they conceded to marrying her to a French prince, which left the candidacy of the unmarried Nemours and duke of Guise open.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996421_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996421-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Estates would be thrown into chaos when Henri announced his conversion to Catholicism, and be unable to reach any consensus as to who to elect in opposition, breaking up with little accomplished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979269_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979269-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ideologically flexible if it secured his families interests, he was open to becoming a royalist in return for his receipt of the governate of the Lyonnais, and Saint-Sorlin's receipt of that of Dauphiné. However this was too much for Henri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coup_and_counter_coup">Coup and counter coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Coup and counter coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During 1593 Nemours made an unsuccessful attempt to replicate what Mayenne had achieved in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> by having the <i>ligueur</i> council absorbed into his advisory council.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979253_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979253-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>ligueur</i> council, which had always found him an absent and overbearing governor, chafed under the tax burden his military adventures created for Lyon, and in July 1593 executed a <i>coup d'état</i>, with the six representatives appointed by Nemours expelled from the council. Nemours arrived for a showdown with the rebellious council in September of that year and was promptly detained on 21 September and imprisoned in the citadel of Pierre-Scize.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council, which no longer styled itself as <i>ligueur</i> but rather a consulate council justified their actions in print as a response to his attempts to rule the council through 'two or three persons who were slaves of his passions'. According to pamphleteers the only politics he understood was that of <a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a> and he continually extorted the people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979271_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979271-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In revenge for the imprisonment of his brother, Saint-Sorlin, who had been campaigning, unleashed his troops on the countryside around Lyon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Nemours influence over the Lyon council expunged, it would continue to convene under the leadership of the archbishop of Lyon until February 1594, when the town made its submission to the king's representative <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_d%27Ornano" title="Alphonse d'Ornano">Marshal Ornano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre">Pomponne de Bellièvre</a>, who took charge of the city began marshalling its resources towards fighting <i>ligueurs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979301_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979301-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bellièvre conducted negotiations with the captive Nemours, necessary as his brother Saint-Sorlin held the city of <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a> and several smaller places around Lyon. Nemours held out from assisting Bellièvre, hopeful that he still had supporters in Lyon, and allied foreign armies in the area. Saint-Sorlin also resisted negotiations. Bellièvre reported to the king on the hopeless situation on 22 July. Nemours escaped from captivity 3 days later, disguised as a valet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_escape_and_death">Second escape and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Second escape and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having escaped imprisonment for the second time in 5 years, he took charge of a <i>ligueur</i> army around the south-eastern frontier of the kingdom, with troops afforded to him by the duke of Savoy. Their presence was considered a great threat by Henri, who appointed the recently submitted duke of Guise as governor of Provence, hoping that he could combat the rebel presence in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland1980307_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland1980307-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a further effort to combat him, in early 1595 <a href="/wiki/Henri_I_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri I de Montmorency">Constable Montmorency</a> invaded Dauphiné in the hopes of vanquishing him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012194_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012194-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He would not gain any final showdown with the royalists however, retreating into Savoyard territory after the royalist victory of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fontaine-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Battle of Fontaine-Française">Fontaine-Française</a>. He died not long thereafter at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Annecy" title="Château d'Annecy">Château d'Annecy</a> on 13 August 1595 of a fever.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother Saint-Sorlin became the duke of Nemours, and shortly thereafter laid down him arms and joined the royalist camp in return for 660,000 <i>livres</i> and immunity from any prosecutions. Meanwhile <a href="/wiki/Philibert_de_La_Guiche" title="Philibert de La Guiche">La Guiche</a> became the governor of the Lyonnais.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979293_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979293-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012196_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012196-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBabelon2009" class="citation book cs1">Babelon, Jean-Pierre (2009). <i>Henri IV</i>. Fayard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henri+IV&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Babelon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Emmanuel+de+Savoie%2C+Duke+of+Nemours" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2011" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Stuart (2011). <i>Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe</i>. 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Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Huguenot+Struggle+for+Recognition&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Emmanuel+de+Savoie%2C+Duke+of+Nemours" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981144–1145-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981144–1145_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJouanna1998">Jouanna 1998</a>, pp. 1144–1145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding197895-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197895_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197895_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarding1978">Harding 1978</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981146_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJouanna1998">Jouanna 1998</a>, p. 1146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981145_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJouanna1998">Jouanna 1998</a>, p. 1145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016229–231-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016229–231_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, pp. 229–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECloulas1979500-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECloulas1979500_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCloulas1979">Cloulas 1979</a>, p. 500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016236-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016236_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000527-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000527_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2000">Le Roux 2000</a>, p. 527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000606-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000606_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2000">Le Roux 2000</a>, p. 606.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000528-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000528_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2000">Le Roux 2000</a>, p. 528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1984155-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1984155_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1984">Constant 1984</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978225_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarding1978">Harding 1978</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003203_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller2003">Heller 2003</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESauzet1992175-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESauzet1992175_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSauzet1992">Sauzet 1992</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006153-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006153_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979245-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979245_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010122-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010122_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2010">Knecht 2010</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2011292-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2011292_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarroll2011">Carroll 2011</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016269-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016269_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016282-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016282_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000700-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2000700_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2000">Le Roux 2000</a>, p. 700.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016278-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016278_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016281-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016281_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, pp. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201072-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201072_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2010">Knecht 2010</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996230-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996230_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012137-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012137_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006184-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006184_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006185-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006185_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006188-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006188_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016283-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2016283_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006194-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006194_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010203-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht2010203_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2010">Knecht 2010</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding197890-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding197890_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarding1978">Harding 1978</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarding1978105_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarding1978">Harding 1978</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003204-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003204_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller2003">Heller 2003</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2003205-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2003205_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller2003">Heller 2003</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland1980282-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland1980282_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutherland1980">Sutherland 1980</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006233-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006233_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201073-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201073_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnecht2010">Knecht 2010</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012148-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012148_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006295-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Roux2006295_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux2006">Le Roux 2006</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009469-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009469_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBabelon2009">Babelon 2009</a>, p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009474-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009474_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBabelon2009">Babelon 2009</a>, p. 474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012152_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012153-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012153_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012154-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012154_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996253-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996253_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996255-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996255_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012156-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012156_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979265-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979265_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996400-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996400_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979262-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979262_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996397–398-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996397–398_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, pp. 397–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009521-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabelon2009521_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBabelon2009">Babelon 2009</a>, p. 521.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979268-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979268_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstant1996421-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstant1996421_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstant1996">Constant 1996</a>, p. 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979269-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979269_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979253-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979253_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979271-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979271_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJouanna19981147_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJouanna1998">Jouanna 1998</a>, p. 1147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979301-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979301_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland1980307-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland1980307_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutherland1980">Sutherland 1980</a>, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012194-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012194_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmon1979293-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmon1979293_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalmon1979">Salmon 1979</a>, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitts2012196-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitts2012196_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitts2012">Pitts 2012</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_of_Savoy,_2nd_Duke_of_Nemours" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques of Savoy, 2nd Duke of Nemours">Jacques de Savoie</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Nemours" title="Duke of Nemours">Duke of Nemours</a> </b><br />1585–1595 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Savoy,_4th_Duke_of_Nemours" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Savoy, 4th Duke of Nemours">Henri de Savoie</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Template:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Template talk:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Savoy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Princes of Savoy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Piedmont" title="Philip I of Piedmont">Philip I, Prince of Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IX,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy">Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Cyprus" title="Louis of Cyprus">Louis, Count of Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_of_Savoy,_Count_of_Romont" title="Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont">Jacques, Count of Romont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert I, Duke of Savoy">Philibert I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles I, Duke of Savoy">Charles I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert II, Duke of Savoy">Philibert II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles III, Duke of Savoy">Charles III, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Philip, Duke of Nemours">Philip, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Jacques de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">Jacques, Duke of Nemours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy">Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri I, Duke of Nemours">Henri, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy" title="Prince Maurice of Savoy">Prince Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert_of_Savoy_(1588%E2%80%931624)" title="Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1588–1624)">Prince Emmanuel Filibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hyacinth,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy">Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano">Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Maurice,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons">Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Louis I, Duke of Nemours">Louis I, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Amadeus,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours">Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_II,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri II, Duke of Nemours">Henri II, Duke of Nemours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons">Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prince Eugene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus,_Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont">Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III" title="Charles Emmanuel III">Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Victor,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano">Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio,_Count_of_Villafranca" title="Eugenio, Count of Villafranca">Eugenio, Count of Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Savoy-Carignan" title="Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan">Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vittorio_Amedeo_Teodoro,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta">Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III" title="Victor Amadeus III">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emanuele_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Aosta_(1731%E2%80%931735)" title="Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (1731–1735)">Prince Emanuele Filiberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlo_Francesco,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta">Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Benedetto,_Duke_of_Chablais" title="Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais">Benedetto, Duke of Chablais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jean,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons">Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV" title="Charles Emmanuel IV">Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Alexander_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus Alexander of Savoy">Amadeus Alexander, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I" title="Victor Emmanuel I">Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurizio,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat">Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix I of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Giuseppe,_Count_of_Asti" title="Prince Giuseppe, Count of Asti">Giuseppe, Count of Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano">Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert I of Sardinia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1822%E2%80%931855)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1822–1855)">Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Oddone, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Tommaso,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa">Tommaso, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emanuele_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta">Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vittorio_Emanuele,_Count_of_Turin" title="Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin">Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Umberto,_Count_of_Salemi" title="Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi">Umberto, Count of Salemi</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1884%E2%80%931963)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1884–1963)">Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Filiberto, Duke of Genoa">Filiberto, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Adalberto,_Duke_of_Bergamo" title="Prince Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo">Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugenio,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Eugenio, Duke of Genoa">Eugenio, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Aimone, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta_(1943%E2%80%932021)" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)">Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Prince Emanuele Filiberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Prince Aimone</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*member of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy</i><br />** <i>Prince of Savoy-Genoa</i><br />*** <i>Prince of Savoy-Aosta</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_governors_of_Paris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_governors_of_Paris" title="Template:Military governors of Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_governors_of_Paris" title="Template talk:Military governors of Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_governors_of_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military governors of Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_governors_of_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_governor_of_Paris" title="Military governor of Paris">Military governors of Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of Paris <br /> under the Ancien Régime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis I d'Anjou</a>: 1356–1357</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">Jean ade Berry</a>: 1411</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_III,_Count_of_Ligny" title="Waleran III, Count of Ligny">Waléran III de Luxembourg</a>: 1411–1413</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Count_of_Ligny" title="John II, Count of Ligny">Jean II de Luxembourg</a>: 1418–1420</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Baume" title="Jean de La Baume">Jean de La Baume</a>: 1422–142.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Jean de Villiers</a>: 1429–14..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Ternant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe de Ternant (page does not exist)">Philippe de Ternant</a>: 14..–14..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Villiers_de_l%27Isle_Adam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Villiers de l'Isle Adam (page does not exist)">Jacques de Villiers</a>: 1461</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Artois,_Count_of_Eu" title="Charles of Artois, Count of Eu">Charles d'Artois</a>: 1465</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Melun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Melun (page does not exist)">Charles de Melun</a>: 1465–1467</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_d%27Amboise" title="Charles I d'Amboise">Charles I d'Amboise</a>: 1467–1470</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Gaucourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Gaucourt (page does not exist)">Charles de Gaucourt</a>: 14..–1472</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Chabannes" title="Antoine de Chabannes">Antoine de Chabannes</a>: 1472–147.</li> <li>Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14..</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis d'Orléans</a>: 1483–1485</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Chabannes" title="Antoine de Chabannes">Antoine de Chabannes</a>: 1485–1488</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Count_of_Montpensier" title="Gilbert, Count of Montpensier">Gilbert de Montpensier</a>: 14..–1494</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_d%27Amboise" title="Charles II d'Amboise">Charles II d'Amboise</a>: 1493–1496</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_La_Rochefoucauld" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine de La Rochefoucauld">Antoine de La Rochefoucauld</a>: 15..–15..</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Thermes" title="Paul de Thermes">Paul de Thermes</a>: 1559–1562</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Coss%C3%A9,_Count_of_Brissac" title="Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac">Charles de Cossé</a>: 1562–1563</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Montmorency,_2nd_Duke_of_Montmorency" title="François de Montmorency, 2nd Duke of Montmorency">François de Montmorency</a>: 15..–1572</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Villequier" title="René de Villequier">René de Villequier</a>: 1580</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">François d'O</a>: 158.–1589</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie</a>: 1589–1590</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Francois_de_Faudoas,_comte_de_Belin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Francois de Faudoas, comte de Belin (page does not exist)">Jean-Francois de Faudoas</a>: 1590–1594</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Coss%C3%A9,_1st_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Charles de Cossé, 1st Duke of Brissac">Charles II de Cossé</a>: 1594</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">François d'O</a>: 1594</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_du_Plessis-Liancourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles du Plessis-Liancourt (page does not exist)">Charles du Plessis</a>: 1616</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercule,_Duke_of_Montbazon" title="Hercule, Duke of Montbazon">Hercule de Rohan</a>: 1643–16..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_de_L%27Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François de L'Hospital (page does not exist)">François de L'Hospital</a>: 1648–1657</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bournonville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambroise-François de Bournonville (page does not exist)">Ambroise-François de Bournonville</a>: 1657–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_d%27Aumont,_1st_Duke_of_Aumont" title="Antoine d'Aumont, 1st Duke of Aumont">Antoine d'Aumont</a>: 1662–1669</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_de_Rochechouart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel de Rochechouart (page does not exist)">Gabriel de Rochechouart</a>: 1669–1675</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_de_Cr%C3%A9quy" title="Charles III de Créquy">Charles III de Créquy</a>: 1676–1687</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Potier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Potier (page does not exist)">Léon Potier</a>: 1687–1704</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Tresmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Tresmes">Duc de Tresmes</a>: 1704–1739</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Potier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Potier (page does not exist)">Bernard Potier</a>: 1739–1757</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_d%27Albert,_5th_Duke_of_Luynes" title="Charles Louis d'Albert, 5th Duke of Luynes">Charles Louis d'Albert</a>: 1757–1771</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Timol%C3%A9on_de_Coss%C3%A9,_7th_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé, 7th Duke of Brissac">Jean de Cossé-Brissac</a>: 1771–1780</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hercule_Timol%C3%A9on_de_Coss%C3%A9,_8th_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé, 8th Duke of Brissac">Louis de Cossé-Brissac</a>: 1780–1791</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General commanders <br /> of the Armed Forces in Paris</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Auguste-Augustin_d%27Affry" title="Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry">Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry</a>: 1791–1792</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Menou" title="Jacques-François Menou">Jacques-François de Menou</a>: 1792–1794</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Thierry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Thierry (page does not exist)">Jean Thierry</a>: 1794–1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Menou" title="Jacques-François Menou">Jacques-François de Menou</a>: 1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul de Barras</a>: 1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>: 1795–1796</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a>: 1796–1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Pierre_Augereau" title="Charles-Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a>: 1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lemoine" title="Louis Lemoine">Louis Lemoine</a>: 1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Jean-François Moulin</a>: 1797–1798</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Gilot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Gilot (page does not exist)">Joseph Gilot</a>: 1798–1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Barthélemy Catherine Joubert</a>: 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a>: 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre,_duc_de_Dantzig" class="mw-redirect" title="François Joseph Lefebvre, duc de Dantzig">François Joseph Lefebvre</a>: 1799–1800</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier</a>: 1800–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot,_duc_d%27Abrant%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Andoche Junot, duc d'Abrantès">Jean-Andoche Junot</a>: 1803–1804</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> after the French Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>: 1804–1805</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>: 1805–1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>: 1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot,_duc_d%27Abrant%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Andoche Junot, duc d'Abrantès">Jean-Andoche Junot</a>: 1806–1807</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Augustin_Hulin" title="Pierre-Augustin Hulin">Pierre-Augustin Hulin</a>: 1807–1814</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Victor-L%C3%A9on_de_Rochechouart" title="Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart">Louis de Rochechouart</a>: 1814</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S%C3%A9bastien_Grundler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Sébastien Grundler (page does not exist)">Louis Sébastien Grundler</a>: 1814–1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Augustin_Hulin" title="Pierre-Augustin Hulin">Pierre-Augustin Hulin</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>: July 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Despinoy" title="Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy">Hyacinthe Despinoy</a>: 1815–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a>: 1816–1818</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1819–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a>: 1821–1830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Pajol" title="Pierre Claude Pajol">Pierre-Claude Pajol</a>: 1830–1842</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiburce_S%C3%A9bastiani" title="Tiburce Sébastiani">Tiburce Sébastiani</a>: 1842–1848</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Changarnier" title="Nicolas Changarnier">Nicolas Changarnier</a>: 1848–1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers">Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers</a>: 1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pierre_Magnan" title="Bernard Pierre Magnan">Bernard Pierre Magnan</a>: 1851–1865</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Certain_de_Canrobert" title="François Certain de Canrobert">François Certain de Canrobert</a>: 1865–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers">Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers</a>: 1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Louis-Jules Trochu</a>: 1870–1871</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vinoy" title="Joseph Vinoy">Joseph Vinoy</a>: 1871</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Ladmirault" title="Paul de Ladmirault">Paul de Ladmirault</a>: 1871–1878</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Aymard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Aymard (page does not exist)">Édouard Aymard</a>: 1878–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Clinchant" title="Justin Clinchant">Justin Clinchant</a>: 1880–1881</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Lecointe" title="Alphonse Lecointe">Alphonse Lecointe</a>: 1882–1884</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Gustave_Saussier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Gustave Saussier (page does not exist)">Félix-Gustave Saussier</a>: 1884–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zurlinden" title="Émile Zurlinden">Émile Zurlinden</a>: 1898–1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brug%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Brugère">Joseph Brugère</a>: 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Auguste_Florentin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Auguste Florentin (page does not exist)">Georges-Auguste Florentin</a>: 1900–1901</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Vincent_Faure-Biguet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet (page does not exist)">Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet</a>: 1901–1903</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Dessirier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Dessirier (page does not exist)">Jean Dessirier</a>: 1903–1906</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Dalstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Dalstein (page does not exist)">Jean-Baptiste Dalstein</a>: 1906–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Joseph_Maunoury" title="Michel-Joseph Maunoury">Michel-Joseph Maunoury</a>: 1910–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor-Constant_Michel" title="Victor-Constant Michel">Victor-Constant Michel</a>: 1912–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni" title="Joseph Gallieni">Joseph Gallieni</a>: 1914–1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Joseph_Maunoury" title="Michel-Joseph Maunoury">Michel-Joseph Maunoury</a>: 1915–1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Dubail" title="Augustin Dubail">Augustin Dubail</a>: 1916–1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Guillaumat" title="Adolphe Guillaumat">Adolphe Guillaumat</a>: 1918</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emile_Moinier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Emile Moinier (page does not exist)">Charles Emile Moinier</a>: 1918–1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berdoulat" title="Pierre Berdoulat">Pierre Berdoulat</a>: 1919–1923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud" title="Henri Gouraud">Henri Gouraud</a>: 1923–1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Billotte" title="Gaston Billotte">Gaston Billotte</a>: 1937–1939</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_H%C3%A9ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Héring (page does not exist)">Pierre Héring</a>: 1939–1940</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dentz" title="Henri Dentz">Henri Dentz</a>: 1940</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> under the German occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_St%C3%BClpnagel" title="Otto von Stülpnagel">Otto von Stülpnagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Heinrich_von_St%C3%BClpnagel" title="Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel">Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Choltitz" title="Dietrich von Choltitz">Dietrich von Choltitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> since 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">Philippe Leclerc</a>: 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Pierre_K%C5%93nig" title="Marie-Pierre Kœnig">Marie-Pierre Kœnig</a>: 1944–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Legentilhomme" title="Paul Legentilhomme">Paul Legentilhomme</a>: 1945–1947</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Jean-Charles_Chouteau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Jean-Charles Chouteau (page does not exist)">René Chouteau</a>: 1947–1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Zeller" title="Henri Zeller">Henri Zeller</a>: 1953–1957</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Constant_Morli%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Constant Morlière (page does not exist)">Louis-Constant Morlière</a>: 1957–1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Garbay" title="Pierre Garbay">Pierre Garbay</a>: 1958–1959</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Salan" title="Raoul Salan">Raoul Salan</a>: 1959–1960</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Gazin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Gazin (page does not exist)">Maurice Gazin</a>: 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Demetz" title="André Demetz">André Demetz</a>: 1960–1962</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Dodelier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Dodelier (page does not exist)">Louis Dodelier</a>: 1962–1965</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Camas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe de Camas (page does not exist)">Philippe de Camas</a>: 1965–1968</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Meltz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Meltz (page does not exist)">André Meltz</a>: 1968–1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Usureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Usureau (page does not exist)">Bernard Usureau</a>: 1971–1974</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Clave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Clave (page does not exist)">Philippe Clave</a>: 1974–1975</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Favreau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Favreau (page does not exist)">Jean Favreau</a>: 1975–1977</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Antoine_de_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Antoine de Barry (page does not exist)">Jacques de Barry</a>: 1977–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannou_Lacaze" title="Jeannou Lacaze">Jeannou Lacaze</a>: 1980–1981</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_P%C3%A9rier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Périer (page does not exist)">Roger Périer</a>: 1981–1982</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Barthez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alban Barthez (page does not exist)">Alban Barthez</a>: 1982–1984</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fennebresque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Fennebresque (page does not exist)">Michel Fennebresque</a>: 1984–1987</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herv%C3%A9_Navereau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervé Navereau (page does not exist)">Hervé Navereau</a>: 1987–1991</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Val%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Valéry (page does not exist)">Daniel Valéry</a>: 1991–1992</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Guignon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Guignon (page does not exist)">Michel Guignon</a>: 1992–1996</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Billot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Billot (page does not exist)">Michel Billot</a>: 1996–2000</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Costedoat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Costedoat (page does not exist)">Pierre Costedoat</a>: 2000–2002</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Valentin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Valentin (page does not exist)">Marcel Valentin</a>: 2002–2005</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_de_Zuchowicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier de Zuchowicz (page does not exist)">Xavier de Zuchowicz</a>: 2005–2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Dary" title="Bruno Dary">Bruno Dary</a>: 2007–2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Charpentier" title="Hervé Charpentier">Hervé Charpentier</a>: 2012–2015</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Le_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Le Ray (page does not exist)">Bruno Le Ray</a>: 2015–2020</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Abad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Abad (page does not exist)">Christophe Abad</a>: 2020–2024</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Mizon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Mizon (page does not exist)">Loïc Mizon</a>: 2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045624#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045624#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045624#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000001518910">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/076979458">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&oldid=1255417505">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours&oldid=1255417505</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1560s_births" title="Category:1560s births">1560s births</a></li><li><a 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