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href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google pay package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-5"><span>Maps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add Google maps to a Flutter app</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google Maps package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-6"><span>News</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit"><div><span>Build a news app</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets"><div><span>Widget catalog</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10"><span>Layout</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial"><div><span>Build a layout</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10-3"><span>Lists & grids</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list"><div><span>Create and use lists</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list"><div><span>Create a horizontal list</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists"><div><span>Create a grid view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list"><div><span>Create lists with different types of items</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items"><div><span>Create lists with spaced items</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists"><div><span>Work with long lists</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10-4"><span>Scrolling</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers"><div><span>Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar"><div><span>Place a floating app bar above a list</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling"><div><span>Create a scrolling parallax effect</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-11"><span>Adaptive & responsive design</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general"><div><span>General approach</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery"><div><span>SafeArea & MediaQuery</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens"><div><span>Large screens & foldables</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input"><div><span>User input & accessibility</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities"><div><span>Capabilities & policies</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/platform-adaptations"><div><span>Automatic platform adaptations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices"><div><span>Best practices</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info"><div><span>Additional resources</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12"><span>Design & theming</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes"><div><span>Share styles with themes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material"><div><span>Material design</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration"><div><span>Migrate to Material 3</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12-4"><span>Text</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography"><div><span>Fonts & typography</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts"><div><span>Use a custom font</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts"><div><span>Export fonts from a package</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google Fonts package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12-5"><span>Custom graphics</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders"><div><span>Use custom fragment shaders</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13"><span>Interactivity</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity"><div><span>Add interactivity to your app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13-2"><span>Gestures</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps"><div><span>Handle taps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside"><div><span>Drag an object outside an app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget"><div><span>Drag a UI element within an app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples"><div><span>Add Material touch ripples</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible"><div><span>Implement swipe to dismiss</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13-3"><span>Input & forms</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input"><div><span>Create and style a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input"><div><span>Retrieve the value of a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes"><div><span>Handle changes to a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus"><div><span>Manage focus in text fields</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation"><div><span>Build a form with validation</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars"><div><span>Display a snackbar</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts"><div><span>Implement actions & shortcuts</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus"><div><span>Manage keyboard focus</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-14"><span>Assets & media</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images"><div><span>Add assets and images</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image"><div><span>Display images from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images"><div><span>Fade in images with a placeholder</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video"><div><span>Play and pause a video</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation"><div><span>Transform assets at build time</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-15"><span>Navigation & routing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs"><div><span>Add tabs to your app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics"><div><span>Navigate to a new screen and back</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data"><div><span>Send data to a new screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data"><div><span>Return data from a screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer"><div><span>Add a drawer to a screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking"><div><span>Set up deep linking</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links"><div><span>Set up app links for Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links"><div><span>Set up universal links for iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies"><div><span>Configure web URL strategies</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-16"><span>Animations & transitions</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial"><div><span>Tutorial</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations"><div><span>Implicit animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container"><div><span>Animate the properties of a container</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation"><div><span>Fade a widget in and out</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations"><div><span>Hero animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation"><div><span>Animate a page route transition</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation"><div><span>Animate using a physics simulation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations"><div><span>Staggered animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation"><div><span>Create a staggered menu animation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview"><div><span>API overview</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-17"><span>Accessibility & internationalization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility"><div><span>Accessibility</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization"><div><span>Internationalization</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav-20"><span>Data & backend</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-1"><span>State management</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative"><div><span>Think declaratively</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app"><div><span>Ephemeral vs app state</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple"><div><span>Simple app state management</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options"><div><span>Options</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-2" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav-20-2"><span>Networking & http</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data"><div><span>Fetch data from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests"><div><span>Make authenticated requests</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data"><div><span>Send data to the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data"><div><span>Update data over the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data"><div><span>Delete data on the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets"><div><span>Communicate with WebSockets</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-3"><span>Serialization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json"><div><span>JSON serialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing"><div><span>Parse JSON in the background</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-4"><span>Persistence</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value"><div><span>Store key-value data on disk</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files"><div><span>Read and write files</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite"><div><span>Persist data with SQLite</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-5"><span>Firebase</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add Firebase to your Flutter app</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis"><div><span>Google APIs</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-21"><span>App architecture</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/concepts"><div><span>Architecture concepts</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/guide"><div><span>Guide to app architecture</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-21-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-21-4"><span>Architecture case study</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-21-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/ui-layer"><div><span>UI layer</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/data-layer"><div><span>Data layer</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/dependency-injection"><div><span>Dependency injection</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/testing"><div><span>Testing each layer</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/recommendations"><div><span>Recommendations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/design-patterns"><div><span>Design patterns</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22"><span>Platform integration</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms"><div><span>Supported platforms</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop"><div><span>Build desktop apps with Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels"><div><span>Write platform-specific code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-4"><span>Android</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/install-android"><div><span>Add Android as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/splash-screen"><div><span>Add a splash screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/predictive-back"><div><span>Add predictive back</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native Android view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/call-jetpack-apis"><div><span>Calling JetPack APIs</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/compose-activity"><div><span>Launch a Jetpack Compose activity</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android"><div><span>Restore state on Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos"><div><span>Target ChromeOS with Android</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-5"><span>iOS</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios"><div><span>Add iOS as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest"><div><span>Flutter on latest iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks"><div><span>Leverage Apple's system libraries</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen"><div><span>Add a launch screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip"><div><span>Add iOS App Clip support</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions"><div><span>Add iOS app extensions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native iOS view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging"><div><span>Enable debugging on iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios"><div><span>Restore state on iOS</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-6"><span>Linux</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/install-linux"><div><span>Add Linux as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/building"><div><span>Build a Linux app</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-7"><span>macOS</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/install-macos"><div><span>Add macOS as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/building"><div><span>Build a macOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native macOS view</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-8" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-8"><span>Web</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web"><div><span>Web support in Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web"><div><span>Add web as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building"><div><span>Build a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/wasm"><div><span>Compile to WebAssembly</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/initialization"><div><span>Customize app initialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web"><div><span>Add Flutter to any web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-content-in-flutter"><div><span>Web content in Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/renderers"><div><span>Web renderers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-images"><div><span>Display images on the web</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/faq"><div><span>Web FAQ</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-9"><span>Windows</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/install-windows"><div><span>Add Windows as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/building"><div><span>Build a Windows app</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-23" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-23"><span>Packages & plugins</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-23"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages"><div><span>Use packages & plugins</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages"><div><span>Develop packages & plugins</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-23-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-23-3"><span>Swift Package Manager</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-23-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-app-developers"><div><span>For app developers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-plugin-authors"><div><span>For plugin authors</span></div></a></li></ul></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites"><div><span>Flutter Favorites</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Package repository</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24"><span>Testing & debugging</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24"><li class="nav-header">Testing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/overview"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-3"><span>Unit testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/mocking"><div><span>Mock dependencies</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-4"><span>Widget testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/finders"><div><span>Find widgets</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/scrolling"><div><span>Simulate scrolling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/tap-drag"><div><span>Simulate user interaction</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-5"><span>Integration testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/integration-tests"><div><span>Write and run an integration test</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling"><div><span>Profile an integration test</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins"><div><span>Test a plugin</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests"><div><span>Handle plugin code in tests</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging"><div><span>Debugging tools</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging"><div><span>Debug your app programmatically</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging"><div><span>Use a native language debugger</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/common-errors"><div><span>Common Flutter errors</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/errors"><div><span>Handle errors</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/maintenance/error-reporting"><div><span>Report errors to a service</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-25" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-25"><span>Performance & optimization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-25"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/impeller"><div><span>Impeller</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/best-practices"><div><span>Performance best practices</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/app-size"><div><span>App size</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/deferred-components"><div><span>Deferred components</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/rendering-performance"><div><span>Rendering performance</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/ui-performance"><div><span>Performance profiling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/web-performance"><div><span>Performance profiling for web</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/metrics"><div><span>Performance metrics</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/isolates"><div><span>Concurrency and isolates</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/faq"><div><span>Performance FAQ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/appendix"><div><span>Appendix</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-26" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-26"><span>Deployment</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-26"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/obfuscate"><div><span>Obfuscate Dart code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors"><div><span>Create app flavors for Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors-ios"><div><span>Create app flavors for iOS and macOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/android"><div><span>Build and release an Android app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/ios"><div><span>Build and release an iOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/macos"><div><span>Build and release a macOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/linux"><div><span>Build and release a Linux app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/windows"><div><span>Build and release a Windows app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/web"><div><span>Build and release a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/cd"><div><span>Set up continuous deployment</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27"><span>Add to an existing app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27-2"><span>Add to an Android app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/project-setup"><div><span>Set up Android project</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-screen"><div><span>Add a single Flutter screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-fragment"><div><span>Add a Flutter Fragment</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-view"><div><span>Add a Flutter View</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/plugin-setup"><div><span>Use a Flutter plugin</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27-3"><span>Add to an iOS app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/project-setup"><div><span>Set up iOS project</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/add-flutter-screen"><div><span>Add a single Flutter screen</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web"><div><span>Add to a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/debugging"><div><span>Debug embedded Flutter module</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/multiple-flutters"><div><span>Add multiple Flutter instances</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/performance"><div><span>Loading sequence and performance</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-29" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-29"><span>Tools & editors</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-29"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/android-studio"><div><span>Android Studio & IntelliJ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/vs-code"><div><span>Visual Studio Code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-29-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-29-3"><span>DevTools</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-29-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/android-studio"><div><span>Run from Android Studio & IntelliJ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/vscode"><div><span>Run from VS Code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cli"><div><span>Run from command line</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/inspector"><div><span>Flutter inspector</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/legacy-inspector"><div><span>Legacy Flutter inspector</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/performance"><div><span>Performance view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler"><div><span>CPU Profiler view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/memory"><div><span>Memory view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/console"><div><span>Debug console view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/network"><div><span>Network view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/debugger"><div><span>Debugger</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/logging"><div><span>Logging view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/app-size"><div><span>App size tool</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/extensions"><div><span>DevTools extensions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/deep-links"><div><span>Validate deep links</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/release-notes"><div><span>Release notes</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/sdk"><div><span>SDK overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pubspec"><div><span>Flutter's pubspec options</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/flutter-fix"><div><span>Automated fixes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/formatting"><div><span>Code formatting</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-30" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-30"><span>Flutter concepts</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-30"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/architectural-overview"><div><span>Architectural overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/inside-flutter"><div><span>Inside Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/constraints"><div><span>Understanding constraints</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes"><div><span>Flutter's build modes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/hot-reload"><div><span>Hot reload</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-31"><span>Resources</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-31"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq"><div><span>FAQ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/books"><div><span>Books</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/videos"><div><span>Videos</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/courses"><div><span>Courses</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart"><div><span>Learn Dart</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/support"><div><span>Get support</span></div></a></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31-8" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-31-8"><span>Contribute</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-31-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bug-reports"><div><span>Create useful bug reports</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Contribute to Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/design-docs"><div><span>Discover proposed features</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-31-9"><span>Reference</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-31-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/dash"><div><span>Who is Dash?</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/widgets"><div><span>Widget index</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/flutter-cli"><div><span>flutter CLI</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://api.flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>API docs</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><main class="site-content"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-add-the-http-package">1. Add the http package</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-delete-data-on-the-server">2. Delete data on the server</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-update-the-screen">3. Update the screen</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#returning-a-response-from-the-deletealbum-method">Returning a response from the deleteAlbum() method</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#complete-example">Complete example</a></li></ul></div><article><header class="site-content__title"><h1 id="document-title">Delete data on the internet</h1><nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/cookbook" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Cookbook</span></a><meta property="position" content="0"><span class="material-symbols child-icon" aria-hidden="true">chevron_right</span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/cookbook/networking" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Networking</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"><span class="material-symbols child-icon" aria-hidden="true">chevron_right</span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" aria-current="page"><a href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Delete data on the internet</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></li></ol></nav></header><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#1-add-the-http-package">1. Add the http package</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#2-delete-data-on-the-server">2. Delete data on the server</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#3-update-the-screen">3. Update the screen</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#returning-a-response-from-the-deletealbum-method">Returning a response from the deleteAlbum() method</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#complete-example">Complete example</a></li></ul></div> <?code-excerpt path-base="cookbook/networking/delete_data/"?> <p>This recipe covers how to delete data over the internet using the <code>http</code> package.</p><p>This recipe uses the following steps:</p><ol><li>Add the <code>http</code> package.</li><li>Delete data on the server.</li><li>Update the screen.</li></ol><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="1-add-the-http-package">1. Add the <code>http</code> package</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#1-add-the-http-package" aria-label="Link to '1. Add the http package' section">#</a></div><p>To add the <code>http</code> package as a dependency, run <code>flutter pub add</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222" class="undefined terminal-command">flutter pub add http</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Import the <code>http</code> package.</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/main.dart (Http)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:http/http.dart'</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> as</span><span style="color:#222222"> http;</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If you are deploying to Android, edit your <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file to add the Internet permission.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-xml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language xml">xml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"></span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">uses-permission</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> android</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span><span style="color:#6200EE">name</span><span style="color:#222222">=</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"android.permission.INTERNET"</span><span style="color:#222222"> /></span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Likewise, if you are deploying to macOS, edit your <code>macos/Runner/DebugProfile.entitlements</code> and <code>macos/Runner/Release.entitlements</code> files to include the network client entitlement.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-xml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language xml">xml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"></span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">key</span><span style="color:#222222">>com.apple.security.network.client</</span><span style="color:#0468D7">key</span><span style="color:#222222">></span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">true</span><span style="color:#222222">/></span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="2-delete-data-on-the-server">2. Delete data on the server</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#2-delete-data-on-the-server" aria-label="Link to '2. Delete data on the server' section">#</a></div><p>This recipe covers how to delete an album from the <a href="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/">JSONPlaceholder</a> using the <code>http.delete()</code> method. Note that this requires the <code>id</code> of the album that you want to delete. For this example, use something you already know, for example <code>id = 1</code>.</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/main_step1.dart (deleteAlbum)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">Future</span><span style="color:#222222"><http.</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Response</span><span style="color:#222222">> </span><span style="color:#6200EE">deleteAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222"> id) </span><span style="color:#BD2314">async</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> final</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Response</span><span style="color:#222222"> response = </span><span style="color:#BD2314">await</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">delete</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Uri</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">parse</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/</span><span style="color:#0C7064">$</span><span style="color:#222222">id</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> headers: <</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">>{</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'Content-Type'</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'application/json; charset=UTF-8'</span><span style="color:#222222">,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#222222"> response;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The <code>http.delete()</code> method returns a <code>Future</code> that contains a <code>Response</code>.</p><ul><li><a href="https://api.flutter.dev/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html"><code>Future</code></a> is a core Dart class for working with async operations. A Future object represents a potential value or error that will be available at some time in the future.</li><li>The <code>http.Response</code> class contains the data received from a successful http call.</li><li>The <code>deleteAlbum()</code> method takes an <code>id</code> argument that is needed to identify the data to be deleted from the server.</li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="3-update-the-screen">3. Update the screen</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#3-update-the-screen" aria-label="Link to '3. Update the screen' section">#</a></div><p>In order to check whether the data has been deleted or not, first fetch the data from the <a href="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/">JSONPlaceholder</a> using the <code>http.get()</code> method, and display it in the screen. (See the <a href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data">Fetch Data</a> recipe for a complete example.) You should now have a <strong>Delete Data</strong> button that, when pressed, calls the <code>deleteAlbum()</code> method.</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/main.dart (Column)" replace="/return //g"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">Column</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mainAxisAlignment: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">MainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#222222">.center,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> children: <</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Widget</span><span style="color:#222222">>[</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(snapshot.data?.title ?? </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Deleted'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> child: </span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Delete Data'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> onPressed: () {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> setState</span><span style="color:#222222">(() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> _futureAlbum = </span><span style="color:#6200EE">deleteAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> snapshot.data!.id.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">toString</span><span style="color:#222222">(),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> });</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ],</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Now, when you click on the <em><strong>Delete Data</strong></em> button, the <code>deleteAlbum()</code> method is called and the id you are passing is the id of the data that you retrieved from the internet. This means you are going to delete the same data that you fetched from the internet.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="returning-a-response-from-the-deletealbum-method">Returning a response from the deleteAlbum() method</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#returning-a-response-from-the-deletealbum-method" aria-label="Link to 'Returning a response from the deleteAlbum() method' section">#</a></div><p>Once the delete request has been made, you can return a response from the <code>deleteAlbum()</code> method to notify our screen that the data has been deleted.</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/main.dart (deleteAlbum)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">Future</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">> </span><span style="color:#6200EE">deleteAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222"> id) </span><span style="color:#BD2314">async</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> final</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Response</span><span style="color:#222222"> response = </span><span style="color:#BD2314">await</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">delete</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Uri</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">parse</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/</span><span style="color:#0C7064">$</span><span style="color:#222222">id</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> headers: <</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">>{</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'Content-Type'</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'application/json; charset=UTF-8'</span><span style="color:#222222">,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (response.statusCode == </span><span style="color:#0C7064">200</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did return a 200 OK response,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // then return an empty Album. After deleting,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // you'll get an empty JSON `{}` response.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // Don't return `null`, otherwise `snapshot.hasData`</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // will always return false on `FutureBuilder`.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">empty</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> } </span><span style="color:#BD2314">else</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did not return a "200 OK response",</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // then throw an exception.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> throw</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Exception</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Failed to delete album.'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p><code>FutureBuilder()</code> now rebuilds when it receives a response. Since the response won't have any data in its body if the request was successful, the <code>Album.fromJson()</code> method creates an instance of the <code>Album</code> object with a default value (<code>null</code> in our case). This behavior can be altered in any way you wish.</p><p>That's all! Now you've got a function that deletes the data from the internet.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="complete-example">Complete example</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#complete-example" aria-label="Link to 'Complete example' section">#</a></div> <?code-excerpt "lib/main.dart"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'dart:async'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'dart:convert'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:flutter/material.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:http/http.dart'</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> as</span><span style="color:#222222"> http;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">Future</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">> </span><span style="color:#6200EE">fetchAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">() </span><span style="color:#BD2314">async</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> final</span><span style="color:#222222"> response = </span><span style="color:#BD2314">await</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">get</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Uri</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">parse</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (response.statusCode == </span><span style="color:#0C7064">200</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did return a 200 OK response, then parse the JSON.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">fromJson</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#6200EE">jsonDecode</span><span style="color:#222222">(response.body) </span><span style="color:#BD2314">as</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Map</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0468D7">dynamic</span><span style="color:#222222">>);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> } </span><span style="color:#BD2314">else</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did not return a 200 OK response, then throw an exception.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> throw</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Exception</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Failed to load album'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">Future</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">> </span><span style="color:#6200EE">deleteAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222"> id) </span><span style="color:#BD2314">async</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> final</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Response</span><span style="color:#222222"> response = </span><span style="color:#BD2314">await</span><span style="color:#222222"> http.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">delete</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Uri</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">parse</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/</span><span style="color:#0C7064">$</span><span style="color:#222222">id</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> headers: <</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">>{</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'Content-Type'</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'application/json; charset=UTF-8'</span><span style="color:#222222">,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (response.statusCode == </span><span style="color:#0C7064">200</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did return a 200 OK response,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // then return an empty Album. After deleting,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // you'll get an empty JSON `{}` response.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // Don't return `null`, otherwise `snapshot.hasData`</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // will always return false on `FutureBuilder`.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">empty</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> } </span><span style="color:#BD2314">else</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the server did not return a "200 OK response",</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // then throw an exception.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> throw</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Exception</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Failed to delete album.'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#222222">? id;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> String</span><span style="color:#222222">? title;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">this</span><span style="color:#222222">.id, </span><span style="color:#BD2314">this</span><span style="color:#222222">.title});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">empty</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> factory</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Album</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">fromJson</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Map</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0468D7">dynamic</span><span style="color:#222222">> json) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> switch</span><span style="color:#222222"> (json) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> {</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'id'</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">int</span><span style="color:#222222"> id, </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'title'</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">String</span><span style="color:#222222"> title} => </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">(id: id, title: title),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> _ => </span><span style="color:#BD2314">throw</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> FormatException</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Failed to load album.'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> };</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">void</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> main</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> runApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">());</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> StatefulWidget</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">super</span><span style="color:#222222">.key});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> State</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">> </span><span style="color:#6200EE">createState</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> _MyAppState</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> _MyAppState</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> State</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> late</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Future</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">> _futureAlbum;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> void</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> initState</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> super</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">initState</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> _futureAlbum = </span><span style="color:#6200EE">fetchAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Widget</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> build</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#222222"> context) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> title: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Delete Data Example'</span><span style="color:#222222">,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> theme: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">ThemeData</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> colorScheme: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">ColorScheme</span><span style="color:#222222">.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">fromSeed</span><span style="color:#222222">(seedColor: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Colors</span><span style="color:#222222">.deepPurple),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> home: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Scaffold</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> appBar: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">AppBar</span><span style="color:#222222">(title: </span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Delete Data Example'</span><span style="color:#222222">)),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> body: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Center</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> child: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">FutureBuilder</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Album</span><span style="color:#222222">>(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> future: _futureAlbum,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> builder: (context, snapshot) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // If the connection is done,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // check for response data or an error.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (snapshot.connectionState == </span><span style="color:#0468D7">ConnectionState</span><span style="color:#222222">.done) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (snapshot.hasData) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Column</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mainAxisAlignment: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">MainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#222222">.center,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> children: <</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Widget</span><span style="color:#222222">>[</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(snapshot.data?.title ?? </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Deleted'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> child: </span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Delete Data'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> onPressed: () {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> setState</span><span style="color:#222222">(() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> _futureAlbum = </span><span style="color:#6200EE">deleteAlbum</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> snapshot.data!.id.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">toString</span><span style="color:#222222">(),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> });</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ],</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> } </span><span style="color:#BD2314">else</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (snapshot.hasError) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'</span><span style="color:#0C7064">${</span><span style="color:#222222">snapshot</span><span style="color:#0C7064">.</span><span style="color:#222222">error</span><span style="color:#0C7064">}</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // By default, show a loading spinner.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> CircularProgressIndicator</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> },</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects the latest stable version of Flutter. Page last updated on 2025-02-12.</span> <a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/cookbook/networking/delete-data.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&&page-url=https://docs.flutter.dev/cookbook/networking/delete-data/&page-source=https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/cookbook/networking/delete-data.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></article></main></div><footer id="site-footer"><div class="footer-section footer-main"><a class="brand" href="https://flutter.dev"><img src="/assets/images/branding/flutter/logo+text/horizontal/white.svg" alt="Flutter logo" width="164"></a><div class="footer-social-links"><a class="icon-button" href="https://medium.com/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's Medium blog"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/medium.svg#medium"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://youtube.com/@flutterdev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's YouTube"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/youtube.svg#youtube"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://github.com/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's GitHub"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://bsky.app/profile/flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's Bluesky"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/bluesky.svg#bluesky"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://twitter.com/FlutterDev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's X (Twitter)"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/x.svg#x"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="footer-section footer-tray"><div class="footer-licenses">Except as otherwise noted, this site is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</a>.</div><div class="footer-utility-links"><ul><li><a href="/tos" title="Terms of use">Terms</a></li><li><a href="/brand" title="Brand usage guidelines">Brand</a></li><li><a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Privacy policy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/security" title="Security philosophy and practices">Security</a></li></ul></div></div></footer></div><script src="/assets/js/tabs.js?v=4"></script><script src="/assets/js/archive.js?v=4"></script><script src="/assets/js/main.js?v=4"></script></body></html>