CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133ec480ad7a8cf',cH: '3JfRrK6ZLdYfUWQoXZ6Zsrz_YmzJ8y1EyGtQz.oB7LQ-1739775863-1.2.1.1-qLGydgXik_wz8PWlkeXi2mvDvWX3pY.XSlsdFJs2WecyfeTrhHBt0xkc0NIIbHbQ',cUPMDTk: "\/10012248\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=yc1e53H8QA.xMl.X0.1oNwk.N3ggF_YvAp16RHHLJEQ-1739775863-1.0.1.1-46vxlMjbLmb.GZNgWqRWWSj6Ui_L5J3D1vqgclwliiE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739775863',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012248\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=yc1e53H8QA.xMl.X0.1oNwk.N3ggF_YvAp16RHHLJEQ-1739775863-1.0.1.1-46vxlMjbLmb.GZNgWqRWWSj6Ui_L5J3D1vqgclwliiE",md: "9qqK12jUSUSDWnVnHHvQrNiXsp2D9xYtZF3QBT4ukvw-1739775863-1.2.1.1-heJI.jtlzUhYlVp1qKoAKSSn9uxGhNTz3ut_r1b8WjlMzdBD.U1owB_CrsLbS_pRKvAk2ZWWa1ivwjzU6CQngBBdwpVs2Oaag3V1s5ZhGS6q0WRcrJsToiShdwmv8d_eitWajYKMI7LIU5P7iRSvrCyRLwSK4FnLhFLRfnIgQIbPx24hYH9hUJCMtyGBoTi7a8ISOOJlaB1qq6pULi.f4fWJszGoeA7VO_Y6YzqG0Ean.Fjf_xUlnLmzClwt7TKiggaFcAWqmSuuMX6JKEL4r1Ogw3FZvvJuJgArYdln9ciRBYom3_8TtDIaQG6f5NmezMwg2X7PbZ8p4qD59nJ_AAlcwpVEpH0tzeHUUzDlxXEYA_b3nxNTCAMgXGr9IQMpS0TpfZtRrf7sEi602evT3sk0v4kAdzU56pZ.5vBveJSE84CG.nIrhOPu_JPI.J1_e7RS3d2IpGDtX8ZfDdZ_pzsyolW7GIehlv8XWUlKb11J7yLM.rBXFe3idRRTxRlyHGtQUCqHV1e1Ev5tXwuuaSF1opnqULMLqDsL7zjo0y8GapfM3WpJZC1iPZw1l4G6bjus0LOJHveTsBE5UA.TTfnyRX_uBlnD23l_PeVwmwUMXZVehUYcgZOUKvcj.oj8g9P9sLIglc9hw7u05zfZkyFH6bKNrDXIAFwZPJrMeoLdSuGwkmaRR0Z_.3kEMGMWaXZiiS5B0t5QOKX8Adc1F6EJfkxgYWvxxGwtc1Dczj5tgzD90ujaa.jNE0ztSukmtd5BHwotNRp2qHZr1mhGkow37bMCrOIzccBEx5y7vp1XEHkIEM52r5zit8euAQWyhtaEdTPDRS9lgnXq8AGyFZ5dsbR4kgs0L3XMakdMizjWzLuYBKqw0Rva7dQG22yfBGEvyAkKDeROK0XvMnJSyfIKxBWc8h9zlsfgT8BBoX_RN9.o_SZsXuQXa5zKI.uO6liZPoA4we3FTpU4.FpxL2fV6SXdSra8v6EScE6h5CNFCxBnYtW6UMYLMMvITxNSRPTynXQCLHv5Bf3CBFSOUP47YS69ht8qD.yJBgpqy0aEUurG6.FNE0lAqLHuvF_g3q_c8pi1Ew6y0gR7layo_YqZ7LBSWBRqmV8BzCSWvoL11Ull8mD06XhGpofxOuNP3Nxv5Qg.OQt4K5sd5tgpOgN.cNQOd5RuuRlrbSTBpzccqitzrNbUGI4Pn02x6bJ6V3qVLDHLibY5F2ySpe0KYOdrAjyTcFX0zKzqMNNqVMJ98KiUm0OuLX_ap3v_3fuovuxiP7Ot45mb3tMpV5_ApmenDqpPJUnocBIqf6xlmpYEWHuUjLWkSqPaTXbDKE9QnLjs0CoDFI0mBKFWsdyBZ1zJ.hpW9hsrRcaeaNd7YG8e8.dbcy43qk9pQE2Nzdr2FxjA5hXEMhehq8u5_ZjAIVSajv97hDwz3s8mSWcpPOazFSMyJ1XZRLrOinLCGiJJrRPu62NVqaMMkXjriife4zpXzF5ZCwf9bMBb.1KvXZUCh6DIzpmkusUcZLDW2JEmR05B0AFu6r1mDQ7ugDxvyn48qwvgxpeUkKs2Pir9I3iFgdtx3Bc6CnGsLPZ1lQcqlv4Q1ReZ2.ryB.uNFaVeOnnIti1BkmpezoPbRnA.5LVAIOUN_eZAr_cAbhBggsuKyngEfZ2p.sGBTOu_QiYbXLYAwxlNPTQMvkFr4Pzdo.5uFJCs3aqaDp13j59yHML19.h2mz3BZ.LlkO2UIRIngUIh_U5IfqSYzp3xYgfAPZrUUVIjTVygdscEf.l3JjTd9D21wUy6.aDhfaWce8aSadLhkVNqe6_8vvWPBkHhvz5yBUkEafn7CRfv8IK_tnBNS__9N.YuIYvqrQZUUyEcx6BYyI3uFp.EsVnD.0agKww",mdrd: "EPFK9NwG3I3kt_a02n4RO7CjdhO4h6zTXVLC57ERt7w-1739775863-1.2.1.1-1mdhY5aO42JPDzb6YwJTuslBuLA5Dh14XlaBXwWRN8A8QPkS1wfLFTiLDsS8QBWfX1fSCOwbr9xeVYssuPBP49QlcfqmCywYzwQV6VYTyReBZVIFtsFC6Sb2hxFo9kJElAbJ9h7pC6x6QVcdkKj7aI4aROUNPxtDRHZ.uaOIPeD.JerQx3cqJCiAVqs21tXKmjfgZyiBniahhctIqXLq7M2TeK.vVynbyJY4dWh.KGoqfo.l68t5MhFJyk70Xai5te7fKUnvoxza8wiVokdYCUqULxEnsrH4PVRoonB9Cl7FMYM6C.q8ckS8MI12fRNr_fIZwoigQA_0RgQbaNb2yrZXw2mlJMVFaaqass82dBhMJf5UxpbCqyvkocWjIzowlElyx_yeBfyYUbl_6QTn_JVCOHYxAbjxBghnugTx1qFpv0THpaQngmb9GyNddrmRedQPpki29ePHH7fyJUFJQDMYaxrf8wGXIknvHw4V6fy35Fw4ixhIMvxfZYWAcBZ15VbBpM1g7s1dGAKwCd1gNiNDw.SwCvIZo6AXb71wKXyyI9yOcnlBqCUJEgyxGX9a61rF5V2RtdGae9vhZyq6s1B3K9nuhNAcb.DBwSuWNzcG3lZn3MVdHWWPst7qCPrGkYoQRxDOoab002dNFtH95jgraOrDMUzYQIRIrPcb6yQdj9Oy.t40OtTE97E_owbD16tw8gIOpA2aMl425a.p9V.bhMX1ciEBZSsSjVoOFCzj_x2Ip1QAD3zlhWLPgii5s7wxrm5eGwVJig9vFAWitXaGeKtSEy_j_U0A3bUtTSxsJMbKWC4VGfONLZWrf3Px.XbYe39Z3YyZaw4u7i4TNSxe8GgSs87cLHZ8PWUz.85dxQi2BokoV6c4LwEfYajZOcIw5gXFbcWfZAkdC6fzjaCmawcdUkn9oTyyapZZu4RuCChWZMyj9RSD0FWDmCw2NXQhPVBp6od0SH7qtE8aXtV1O.9TeaSxs45Bvj2GuaZgsEK2zAJRa9pFW5toLD7FhKLAq91sf0NrhlDEOjpXonntEhLAvkaKH4LSIkj1e8uC2q51EieHu8QVsUCEtJ1_PbReZEKq1SEIDvIlaHfNnOZoTKi_2Wopzd1i8dgeoJXXlgRo9MBACusc733vHgw3lOtFuK8VWR_W0.v26S2wGmgOWqyq9ZE94zgptfJ8ZrmZsr7K07KIm3XXIQUSNT6ieglKJxw8pa2sQQWnONJh5ri0rB8nYLljrTkPknn6aoNiDifZMJJWycaUZ5tunM9z36cqLjGYQcLEiKUfM4HEf6_CBJ0eqUQOfUocTiwW6r0VtpRiQ.QpJVPrHVUvxxTgAQ5bkDvM_odDCMc6txa2wLZryjmUOdXudXFHdCq1l.p2en8DgDe1ROIKrROFoS60LF6AvtRXhSadz_DFs0On7CmCsbmUxkib4.ahhMtR8DqSYaRj19EdCumcETs.ArGWgkEj7A107Bd9u6B4FArVuEDkk5IH062qkjGUT53jyjnPuJiPLNvvGMG37.aehGlxZ7EAz5n8fSu_w8unZ_PhEbKE3wBhKZ0Pv0Y9bNqg_SBa5GKV6nYZD9FWKepaN.rWICaIyyy8UUma7bkIgqCL_ld3JEDldbT4etcN.qzZUWBpL_5sEqZ86BR7o0pgLtshnfu.KsY7jMBT0ceGSU5px1SNNLfeFhs44.H1qoiwZs7GIsvhxsCAiZxpxdtvLYZkuxDn8Msg016idizyygPDtrnfH8UzgPM5f4GDNUw8W7tqce4l13f9izIunurpH.xOkNiycreG9NldOpEvNPC2J3LDpzBXGJUSgp2.hNX3tDv737Oa926BmKtnL7oj4KdsZSp.2_ijr7aFfoIT7vo9JLXxCkIBVGCDgd7XrtW17de0yGLSLAJQnkPf4KYsery7l0ADRUlaTqaSxoikAYNeC1puGHHEH24yRMBLH8FbX2dxASSqJ7tPHh0m3Z7viccMAaAztcpn1iOQvVqWoUNRyA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133ec480ad7a8cf';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012248\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=yc1e53H8QA.xMl.X0.1oNwk.N3ggF_YvAp16RHHLJEQ-1739775863-1.0.1.1-46vxlMjbLmb.GZNgWqRWWSj6Ui_L5J3D1vqgclwliiE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>