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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Civic administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_agglomeration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_agglomeration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Urban agglomeration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urban_agglomeration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Urban agglomeration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urban_agglomeration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_according_to_the_2011_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_according_to_the_2011_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Data according to the 2011 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_according_to_the_2011_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Literature and arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Armed forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pondicherry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="بونديشيري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونديشيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پوندیچری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوندیچری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0)" title="পুদুচেরি (শহর) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পুদুচেরি (শহর)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Puducherry (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Puducherry (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पांडिचेरी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पांडिचेरी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry_(ciutat)" title="Pondicherry (ciutat) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pondicherry (ciutat)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Puducherry (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Puducherry (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudu%C4%8D%C4%8D%C3%A9ri_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Puduččéri (město) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puduččéri (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(ciudad)" title="Puducherry (ciudad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puducherry (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudu%C4%89eri" title="Puduĉeri – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Puduĉeri" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(hiria)" title="Puducherry (hiria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puducherry (hiria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پوندیچری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوندیچری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondich%C3%A9ry" title="Pondichéry – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pondichéry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%90%81%EB%94%94%EC%85%B0%EB%A6%AC" title="퐁디셰리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퐁디셰리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Պոնդիչերի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոնդիչերի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0)" title="पुदुचेरी (नगर) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुदुचेरी (नगर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="পন্ডিচেরী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পন্ডিচেরী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪಾಂಡಿಚೆರಿ ನಗರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಂಡಿಚೆರಿ ನಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پانڈیچیری – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پانڈیچیری" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherium" title="Pondicherium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pondicherium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudu%C4%8Deris_(miestas)" title="Pudučeris (miestas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pudučeris (miestas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puduccseri_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Puduccseri (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puduccseri (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पोन्डीचेरी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोन्डीचेरी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry_(tan%C3%A0na)" title="Pondicherry (tanàna) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pondicherry (tanàna)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പുതുച്ചേരി നഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുതുച്ചേരി നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पाँडिचेरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाँडिचेरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90)" title="პუდუჩერი (ნოღა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პუდუჩერი (ნოღა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Pondicherry" title="Bandar Pondicherry – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(stad)" title="Puducherry (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puducherry (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA" title="ポンディシェリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポンディシェリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Puducherry" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(by)" title="Puducherry (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puducherry (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80_(%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B0)" title="ପଣ୍ଡିଚେରୀ (ସହର) – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଣ୍ଡିଚେରୀ (ସହର)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondisheri_(shahar)" title="Pondisheri (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pondisheri (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(miasto)" title="Puducherry (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Puducherry (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Пондичерри (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пондичерри (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पाण्डीचेरीनगरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पाण्डीचेरीनगरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱪᱮᱨᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱪᱮᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пондишери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пондишери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(stad)" title="Puducherry (stad) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Puducherry (stad)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="புதுச்சேரி (நகரம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதுச்சேரி (நகரம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пондишери – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пондишери" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="పాండిచ్చేరి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాండిచ్చేరి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudu%C3%A7eri" title="Puduçeri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Puduçeri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Пудучеррі (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пудучеррі (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پانڈچیری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانڈچیری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pondicherry" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(syudad)" title="Puducherry (syudad) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Puducherry (syudad)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%82" title="本地治里市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="本地治里市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%82" title="本地治里市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本地治里市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q639421#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pondicherry%22">"Pondicherry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pondicherry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pondicherry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pondicherry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pondicherry%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pondicherry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Puducherry, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Pondicherry</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Pondichéry</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Puducherry</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg/288px-Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg/432px-Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg/576px-Pondicherry-Rock_beach_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Promenade_Beach" title="Promenade Beach">Promenade Beach</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style=";height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg/142px-Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg/213px-Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg/284px-Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple_2K22TNKAN_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple" title="Manakula Vinayagar Temple">Manakula Vinayagar Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style=";height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/142px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/213px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/284px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div style=";height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville,_Tamil_Nadu,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/162px-The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/243px-The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/324px-The_Matrimandir_in_Auroville%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5487" data-file-height="4115" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Matrimandir" title="Matrimandir">Matrimandir</a> in Auroville</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style=";height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg/122px-Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg/183px-Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg/244px-Aayi_mandapam_pondicherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Aayi_Mandapam_(monument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aayi Mandapam (monument)">Aayi Mandapam</a> monument at Bharati Park</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style=";height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg/93px-Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg/140px-Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg/186px-Pondicherry_Lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="8192" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Lighthouse" title="Pondicherry Lighthouse">Pondicherry Lighthouse</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style=";height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG/93px-Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="93" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG/140px-Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG/186px-Puducherry_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus,_Pondicherry" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pondicherry">Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style=";height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg/93px-PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg/140px-PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg/186px-PondicherryFrenchWarMemorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/French_War_Memorial_(Puducherry)" title="French War Memorial (Puducherry)">French War Memorial</a> built after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg/288px-Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg/432px-Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg/576px-Pondicherry_GandhiStatue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2799" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Mahamata Gandhi Statue along the Beach Road</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Municipal_Council_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Pondicherry"><img alt="Official logo of Pondicherry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Pondicherry_Municipal_Council_logo.png/200px-Pondicherry_Municipal_Council_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Pondicherry_Municipal_Council_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal of Puducherry Municipality</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> of the East"</li><li>"Pondy"</li><li>"The City of Dawn"</li><li>"<a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a> of the East"</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puducherry_District_Outline.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pondicherry is located in Puducherry"><img alt="Pondicherry is located in Puducherry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Puducherry_District_Outline.png/250px-Puducherry_District_Outline.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Puducherry_District_Outline.png/375px-Puducherry_District_Outline.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Puducherry_District_Outline.png/500px-Puducherry_District_Outline.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.617%;left:80.033%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pondicherry"><img alt="Pondicherry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Pondicherry</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Puducherry</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pondicherry is located in India"><img alt="Pondicherry is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.717%;left:40.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pondicherry"><img alt="Pondicherry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Pondicherry</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pondicherry&params=11_55_N_79_49_E_type:city(244377)_region:IN-PY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.917°N 79.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.917; 79.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Union territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a> (PY)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondicherry district">Puducherry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1674</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Municipal_Council" title="Pondicherry Municipal Council">Pondicherry Municipal Council</a> (PDY)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-dchb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dchb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19.54 km<sup>2</sup> (7.54 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 m (10 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">244,377</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">13,000/km<sup>2</sup> (32,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Puducherrian, Pondicherrian, Pondian, Pondichérien, Pondichérienne</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, English</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Additional</th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN CODE</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">605001-605014</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">(International) +91-413-, (National) 0413-</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>PY-01</b> to <b>PY-05</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.py.gov.in/">https://www.py.gov.in/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pondicherry</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially known as <b>Puducherry</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and most populous city of the <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Union Territory of Puducherry</a> in India. The city is in the <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_district" title="Puducherry district">Puducherry district</a> on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> to the east and the state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Puducherry" title="History of Puducherry">History of Puducherry</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pondicherry" title="Special:EditPage/Pondicherry">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pondicherry%22">"Pondicherry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pondicherry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pondicherry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pondicherry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pondicherry%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pondicherry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg/220px-Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg/330px-Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg/440px-Pondicherry_waterfront_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Pondicherry waterfront, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Puducherry, formerly known as Pondicherry, gained its significance as "the French Riviera of the East" after the advent of French colonialisation in India. Puducherry is the Tamil interpretation of "new town" and mainly derives from "Poduke", the name of the marketplace or "port town" for Roman trade in the 1st century, as mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i>. The settlement was once an abode of learned scholars versed in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, hence it was also known as Vedapuri.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of Puducherry can broadly be classified into two periods: pre-colonial and colonial. The pre-colonial period started with the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallavas</a>, who ruled the empire from 325 to 900, after which came the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a>, from 900 to 1279, and the <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya dynasty</a>, from 1279 to 1370. During the 14th century, the city was under the rule of Naikship of Gingee of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, from 1370 to 1614, when it was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Sultan of Bijapur</a>, who ruled it from 1614 to 1638. It was during this period that Portuguese and Danish merchants used it as a trading center. </p><p>The colonial period began with the Portuguese, the first Europeans to conduct trade in textiles, in 1521, and subsequently, the Dutch and the Danes in the 17th century. </p><p>The prospering trade of Puducherry attracted the French, and the predominant feature of the town was laid by the French pioneer <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Martin_(Pondicherry)" title="François Martin (Pondicherry)">François Martin</a> in the form of a French settlement, in 1674. In 1693, Puducherry was captured by the Dutch and subsequently restored in 1699, with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Treaty of Ryswick</a>. </p><p>The French acquired <a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9,_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahé</a> in 1720, <a href="/wiki/Yanam" title="Yanam">Yanam</a> in 1731, and <a href="/wiki/Karaikal" title="Karaikal">Karaikal</a> in 1738. The British captured the city from the French but returned it following the Treaty of Paris, in 1763. This Anglo-French war continued until 1814, where France found itself in control of the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a>, Mahé, Yanam, Karaikal, and <a href="/wiki/Chandannagar" title="Chandannagar">Chandernagor</a>, even during the British period, until 1954. It was a reign of 138 years under the French, who on 31 October 1954 left Indian shores following a de facto transfer of power. </p><p>Nearby places such as <a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariyankuppam" title="Ariyankuppam">Ariyankuppam</a>, Kakayanthoppe, <a href="/wiki/Villianur" title="Villianur">Villianur</a>, and Bahour, which were colonised by the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French East India Company</a> over a period of time and later became the <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of Pondicherry, have recorded histories that predate the colonial period. </p><p><i>Poduke</i> or <i>Poduca</i> (marketplace) was a Roman trading destination from the third century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Poduca</i> has been identified as possibly being <a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a> (now part of Ariyankuppam), located about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the modern city of Pondicherry. The area was part of the Pallava Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a> in the 4th century. The Cholas of <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a> held it from the 10th to the 13th centuries, until it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Pandyan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyan Dynasty">Pandya</a> Kingdom, in the 13th century. The <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagar</a> Empire took control of almost all of southern India in the 14th century and maintained control until 1638, when they were supplanted by the <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Sultan of Bijapur</a>. </p><p>In 1674, the French East India Company set up a trading centre at Pondicherry, and this outpost eventually became the chief <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French settlement in India</a>. The French governor François Martin made remarkable improvements to the city and its commercial ties, facing at the same time strong opposition from the Dutch and the English. He entered into extended negotiations with the sultans of Golconda through the intercession of several roving French merchants and doctors who were in favour with the sultan. Trading in jewellery and precious stones, which had become highly fashionable in European courts, was one among many activities. Five trading posts were established along the south Indian coast between 1668 and 1674. The city was separated by a canal into the French Quarter and the Indian Quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 August 1693, during the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a>, Pondicherry was captured by the Dutch. The governor of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Dutch Coromandel</a>, Laurens Pit the Younger, sailed with a fleet of seventeen ships and 1,600 men from <a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a> and bombarded Pondicherry for two weeks, after which Francois Martin surrendered it. At the Peace of Ryswick, it was agreed by all parties to return conquered territories, and in 1699, Pondicherry was handed back to the French.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 January 1761, the British captured Pondicherry from the French, but it was returned under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a>, at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British took control of the area again in 1793, at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pondicherry_(1793)" title="Siege of Pondicherry (1793)">Siege of Pondicherry</a>, amid the Wars of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, and returned it to France in 1814. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry,_janvier_1955.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png/220px-Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png/330px-Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png/440px-Nehru_%C3%A0_Pondich%C3%A9ry%2C_janvier_1955.png 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Nehru visiting Pondicherry a few months after the <i>de facto</i> transfer</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 March 1954, a number of resolutions were passed by the municipalities in Pondicherry, demanding an immediate merger with India. Some days later, similar resolutions were passed by the municipalities in Karaikal. The resolutions had the full support of the French Indian Councillors, popularly known as ministers, and the president of the representative assembly. These municipalities represented roughly 90% of the population of the French possessions, and they called upon the government of France to take urgent and necessary measures to give effect to the wishes of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-pardeb_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pardeb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of India had made it clear that the cultural and other rights of the people would be fully respected. They were not asking for the immediate transfer of <i>de jure</i> sovereignty of France. Their suggestion was that a <i>de facto</i> transfer of the administration should take place immediately, while French sovereignty should continue until the constitutional issue had been settled. Both India and France would have to make necessary changes in their respective constitutions. All this would take time, while the demand of the people was for an immediate merger without a referendum. The government of India was convinced that the suggestion which they made would help to promote a settlement, which they greatly desired.<sup id="cite_ref-pardeb_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pardeb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 October 1954, in a general election involving 178 people in municipal Pondicherry and the Commune of Panchayat, 170 people were in favour of the merger, and eight people voted against. The <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> transfer of the French Indian territories from French governance to the Indian union took place on 1 November 1954 and was established as the union territory of <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Pondicherry</a>. The treaty effecting the <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> transfer was signed in 1956. However, due to opposition in France, the ratification of this treaty by the French National Assembly only took place on 16 August 1962. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg/220px-1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg/330px-1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg/440px-1954_French_ID_issued_at_their_colony_of_Pondicherry_before_the_transfer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="2042" /></a><figcaption>1954 French ID, issued in Pondicherry before transfer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> of Pondicherry is the same as that of coastal <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. Pondicherry's average elevation is at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> and includes a number of sea inlets, referred to locally as "<a href="/wiki/Kerala_backwaters" title="Kerala backwaters">backwaters</a>". Pondicherry experiences extreme <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a> as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">breakwater</a> constructed in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just to the south of the city. Where there was once a broad, sandy beach, now the city is protected against the sea by a 2-km-long <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> that sits at a height of 8.5 m above sea level. Whilst there was an early seawall made by the French government in 1735, this was not "hard structure coastal defence" so much as an adjunct to the old shipping pier and a transition from the beach to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the seawall consists of rows of granite boulders reinforced every year in an attempt to stop erosion. As a consequence of the seawall, there is severe seabed erosion and turbulence at the coastal margin, resulting in an extreme <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_biodiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of biodiversity">loss of biodiversity</a> within the critical <a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">intertidal zone</a>. Whenever gaps appear as the stones fall into the continually eroding seabed, the government adds more boulders. Pondicherry's seawall has also caused beach erosion to migrate further up the coast, to the fishing villages in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu to the north of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Pondicherry is classified by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a>, similar to that of coastal Tamil Nadu.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate-Data.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-Data.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is specifically the dry-winter type (<i>Aw</i>), bordering on the dry-summer type (<i>As</i>) due to March having the lowest average rainy days of 0.7 and an average rainfall of 18.5 mm (0.73 in). Summer lasts from March to early June, and maximum temperatures may reach 41 °C (106 °F) between April and June. The average maximum temperature is 36 °C (97 °F). Minimum temperatures are in the order of 28–32 °C (82–90 °F). This is followed by a period of high humidity and occasional thundershowers, from June until September. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monsoon#Northeast_monsoon" title="Monsoon">northeast monsoon</a> sets in during the middle of October, and Pondicherry gets the bulk of its annual rainfall during the period from October to December. Smaller amounts of rainfall also come from the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon#Southwest_monsoon" title="Monsoon">southwest monsoon</a>, between June and September. The annual average rainfall is 1,355 millimetres or 53 inches.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dry season is between January and June, with February having the least average rainfall of 16.9 mm (0.67 in). Winters are very warm, with highs of 30 °C (86 °F) and lows often dipping to around 18–20 °C (64–68 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Airport" title="Pondicherry Airport">Pondicherry Airport</a> (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #E80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.1<br />(109.6) </td> <td style="background: #E40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(110.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #E80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.1<br />(109.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(0.70) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(0.67) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(0.73) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(0.83) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5<br />(2.93) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.9<br />(5.31) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.0<br />(5.28) </td> <td style="background: #007A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">259.9<br />(10.23) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">347.1<br />(13.67) </td> <td style="background: #008C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">248.1<br />(9.77) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,398.1<br />(55.04) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMD_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMD2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMD2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg/220px-Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg/330px-Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg/440px-Long_exposure_shot_of_Beach_road_near_Pondicherry_harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5878" data-file-height="3306" /></a><figcaption>Long-exposure shot of Pondicherry beach road</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Ministry of Power</a> inaugurated the "Smart Grid" project in Puducherry.<sup id="cite_ref-smartgrid_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smartgrid-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farming around Pondicherry includes crops such as rice, pulses, sugarcane, coconuts, and cotton. In 2016, the Pondicherry State Government Employees Central Federation presented a status paper on the fiscal and social crisis in Puducherry to Union Home Minister <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a>. The report stated that a "combination of a staggering debt, stagnant tax revenues and rampant misappropriation of funds has throttled the economy of the Union Territory" and called for measures on a war footing to "deliver good governance and end corruption".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Harry_1.jpg/220px-Harry_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Harry_1.jpg/330px-Harry_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Harry_1.jpg/440px-Harry_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Rajiv Gandhi Women and Children Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a>, Pondicherry had a population of 244,377, with 124,947 females and 119,430 males. It had an average literacy rate of 80.6%, with male literacy at 84.6% and female literacy at 76.7%. Ten per cent of the population was under six years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-dchb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dchb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of people in Pondicherry speak <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>. There is a community of <a href="/wiki/French_people_in_India" title="French people in India">French people</a> and a number of French institutions, such as a French consulate, the <a href="/wiki/French_Institute_of_Pondicherry" title="French Institute of Pondicherry">French Institute of Pondicherry</a>, and L'<a href="/wiki/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance française">Alliance française</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civic administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Puducherry comprises two municipalities, <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Municipal_Council" title="Pondicherry Municipal Council">Puducherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzhavarkarai" title="Uzhavarkarai">Uzhavarkarai</a>. Both the municipalities and the <i>commune panchayats</i> in the Union Territory of Puducherry function under the administrative control of the local administration department.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Puducherry municipality, under the Puducherry district, comprises the former communes of Puducherry and Mudaliarpet, with its headquarters in Puducherry. It has a total of 42 wards spread over an area of 19.46 km<sup>2</sup> (7.51 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wards 1–10 are north of the city; wards 11–19 are in <i>Boulevard Town</i>, and the remaining wards are southwest of the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_agglomeration">Urban agglomeration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Urban agglomeration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg/220px-VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg/330px-VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg/440px-VNR-Commune-Office-LV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>The administrative building of Villianur, one of the communes of Puducherry</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Local bodies </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pondicherry Municipality </td> <td>19 km<sup>2</sup> (7.3 sq mi) </td> <td>241,773 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oulgaret Municipality </td> <td>36 km<sup>2</sup> (14 sq mi) </td> <td>300,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Villianur Census Town and Outgrowth </td> <td> </td> <td>67,254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ariyankuppam Town and Outgrowth </td> <td> </td> <td>47,454 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>293 km<sup>2</sup> (113 sq mi) </th> <th>629,509 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_according_to_the_2011_census">Data according to the 2011 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Data according to the 2011 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two proposals by the Puducherry government, firstly to merge Pondicherry and <a href="/wiki/Oulgaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Oulgaret">Oulgaret</a> municipalities and upgrade the Pondicherry municipality into a '"<a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporation</a>", and secondly to upgrade <a href="/wiki/Villianur" title="Villianur">Villianur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariyankuppam" title="Ariyankuppam">Ariyankuppam</a> commune panchayats into municipalities, which would increase the Pondicherry region's urban area around 155 km<sup>2</sup> (60 sq mi) of the total 292 km<sup>2</sup> (113 sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puducherry_train_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puducherry_train_station.JPG/220px-Puducherry_train_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puducherry_train_station.JPG/330px-Puducherry_train_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puducherry_train_station.JPG/440px-Puducherry_train_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Puducherry Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PNY_airside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PNY_airside.jpg/220px-PNY_airside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PNY_airside.jpg/330px-PNY_airside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PNY_airside.jpg/440px-PNY_airside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Airport" title="Pondicherry Airport">Pondicherry Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pondicherry is connected to <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> via the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Road" title="East Coast Road">East Coast Road</a> through <a href="/wiki/Mahabalipuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabalipuram">Mahabalipuram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ECRfastlane_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECRfastlane-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are daily bus services from several main stops from Chennai. The <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Road_Transport_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondicherry Road Transport Corporation">Pondicherry Road Transport Corporation</a> runs buses within the city and outside.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanroutes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanroutes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_State_Transport_Corporation" title="Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation">Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation</a> operates air-conditioned bus services from Chennai to Pondicherry.<sup id="cite_ref-boonkancheetnstc_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boonkancheetnstc-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_railway_station" title="Puducherry railway station">Pondicherry</a> is connected by train to all major Indian cities, such as Chennai, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Howrah" title="Howrah">Howrah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-delhitrain_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delhitrain-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mangaloretrain_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mangaloretrain-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Viluppuram_Junction_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Viluppuram Junction railway station">Villupuram Junction</a>, which is at a distance of around 24 miles (39 km), is connected to several other Indian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Airport" title="Pondicherry Airport">Pondicherry Airport</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Lawspet" title="Lawspet">Lawspet</a>, an Assembly Constituency in the Union Territory of Puducherry.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economic_Times_2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economic_Times_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has direct flights to <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Rajiv Gandhi International Airport">Hyderabad</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Economic_Times_2017_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economic_Times_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_International_Airport" title="Kempegowda International Airport">Bengaluru</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Puducherry" title="Tourism in Puducherry">Tourism in Puducherry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_French_Consulate_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_French_Consulate_building.JPG/220px-The_French_Consulate_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_French_Consulate_building.JPG/330px-The_French_Consulate_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_French_Consulate_building.JPG/440px-The_French_Consulate_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The French consulate in Pondicherry</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg/222px-%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg/333px-%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg/444px-%22White_Monument_at_Evening%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aayi_Mandapam_(monument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aayi Mandapam (monument)">Aayi Mandapam (Park Monument)</a> at Bharathi Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Pondicherry is a tourist destination. The city has many colonial buildings, churches, temples, and statues which, combined with the town planning and French-style avenues in the old districts, still preserve much of the colonial ambiance. </p><p>While the sea is a draw for tourists, Pondicherry no longer has the sandy beaches that once graced its coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breakwater to the harbour and other hard structures constructed on the shore caused extreme coastal erosion, and the sand from Pondicherry's <a href="/wiki/Promenade_Beach" title="Promenade Beach">Promenade Beach</a> has disappeared entirely. As a result of the city's seawall and <a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">groyne</a> construction, the beaches further up the coast to the north have also been lost. An enormous deposition of sand has accrued to the south of the harbour breakwater, but this is not a large beach and is not easily accessible from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government has taken steps to construct a reef and re-dose the sand. The sea is accessible by a small patch of land at Promenade Beach (Goubert Avenue).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the beach is one of the cleanest in India and has been selected for <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">Blue Flag</a> certification.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/220px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/330px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg/440px-Aurobindo_Ashram_Pondichery_-_Outside_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Visitors at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sri Aurobindo Ashram, located on Rue de la Marine, is one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashrams</a> in India, founded by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">freedom fighter</a> and spiritual philosopher <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Auroville" title="Auroville">Auroville</a> (City of Dawn) is an "experimental" township located 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Pondicherry. </p><p>There are a number of old and large churches in Pondicherry, most of which were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. A number of heritage buildings and monuments are present around Promenade Beach, such as the Children's Park and Dupleix Statue, Gandhi statue, Nehru statue, Le Café, French War Memorial, 19th Century Light House, Bharathi Park, Governors Palace, <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland_Library" title="Romain Rolland Library">Romain Rolland Library</a>, Legislative Assembly, <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Museum" title="Pondicherry Museum">Pondicherry Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_Institute_of_Pondicherry" title="French Institute of Pondicherry">French Institute of Pondicherry</a> at Saint Louis Street. </p><p>Puducherry Botanical Gardens is located south of the New Bus Stand. Chunnambar Backwater resort is 8 km (5.0 mi)from Pondicherry, along Cuddalore Main Road. This tropical resort is flanked by a creek on one side. </p><p>Arulmigu Manakula Vinayagar Devasthanam on Manakula Vinayagar Street is a Hindu temple to Ganesha. Sri Manakula Vinayagar Temple was in existence before the French came and settled in Pondicherry in 1666.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sengazhuneer_Amman_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sengazhuneer Amman Temple">Sengazhuneer Amman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Veerampattinam" title="Veerampattinam">Veerampattinam</a> village is one of the oldest temples in Pondicherry, situated about 7 km (4.3 mi) away from the city centre. The car festival conducted in mid-August is famous in Puducherry and other neighbouring states. The festival takes place on the fifth Friday since the commencement of the Tamil month of 'Aadi' every year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirukaameeswarar Temple is located in a rural town called <a href="/wiki/Villianur" title="Villianur">Villianur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located about 10 km (6.2 mi), towards Villupuram. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1283px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of Pondicherry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg/1275px-Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="1275" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg/1913px-Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg/2550px-Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13167" data-file-height="3098" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Panorama_1.jpg" title="File:Pondicherry Panorama 1.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Panoramic view of Pondicherry</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pondicherry struggles with a high poverty rate, inadequate road maintenance, lack of sewage infrastructure, untidy beaches, air pollution, and sex crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bureaucrats including former lieutenant governor <a href="/wiki/Kiran_Bedi" title="Kiran Bedi">Kiran Bedi</a> have accused local administrative officers of neglecting proper administration and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._Venkatasubba_Reddiar" title="V. Venkatasubba Reddiar">V. Venkatasubba Reddiar</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Subbiah" title="V. Subbiah">V. Subbiah</a>, trade union leader and freedom fighter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_arts">Literature and arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literature and arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandaraj" title="Anandaraj">Anandaraj</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin" title="Kalki Koechlin">Kalki Koechlin</a>, actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Artaud" title="Yvonne Artaud">Yvonne Artaud</a>, French educationalist and psychologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navi_Radjou" title="Navi Radjou">Navi Radjou</a>, innovation and leadership strategist based in Silicon Valley<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Somasegar" title="S. Somasegar">S. Somasegar</a>, former senior vice-president, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Thanikaimoni" title="Ganapathi Thanikaimoni">Ganapathi Thanikaimoni</a>, scientist and director of the Palynology laboratory of the French Institute of Pondicherry</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Armed forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lauriston" title="Jacques Lauriston">Jacques Lauriston</a> (1768–1828), senior-ranking military commander in the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>, born in Pondicherry</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pondicherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Pondicherry">Prince Pondicherry</a>, a character from <a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</a></i>, named after the city</li> <li>Pondicherry is the setting for the first third of <a href="/wiki/Yann_Martel" title="Yann Martel">Yann Martel</a>'s 2001 <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a>-winning novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi" title="Life of Pi">Life of Pi</a></i>. A portion of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">film adaptation</a> was filmed there.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Langley" title="Lee Langley">Lee Langley</a>'s 1995 novel, <i>A House in Pondicherry</i> is set here.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_institutions">Educational institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Institute_of_Postgraduate_Medical_Education_and_Research" title="Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research">Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7ais_de_Pondich%C3%A9ry" title="Lycée français de Pondichéry">Lycée français de Pondichéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences">Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_University" title="Pondicherry University">Pondicherry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Technological_University" title="Puducherry Technological University">Puducherry Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_College_of_Veterinary_and_Animal_Sciences" title="Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences">Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry,_Puducherry,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rue De La Marine"><img alt="Rue De La Marine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg/270px-Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg/405px-Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg/540px-Pondicherry%2C_Puducherry%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rue De La Marine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rue Saint Louis"><img alt="Rue Saint Louis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg/270px-Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg/405px-Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg/540px-Pondicherry%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rue Saint Louis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nerhu_Statue,_Pondicherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nehru Statue"><img alt="Nehru Statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg/156px-Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg/233px-Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg/311px-Nerhu_Statue%2C_Pondicherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nehru Statue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gate leading into Manakula Vinayagar Temple in White Town"><img alt="Gate leading into Manakula Vinayagar Temple in White Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG/269px-Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG/404px-Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG/538px-Pondicherry_Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gate leading into Manakula Vinayagar Temple in White Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanjore painting of Manakula Vinayagar"><img alt="Tanjore painting of Manakula Vinayagar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg/135px-DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg/202px-DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg/270px-DSC_1218-EFFECTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tanjore painting of Manakula Vinayagar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Devotees with Elephant Lakshmi in Manakula Vinayagar Temple"><img alt="Devotees with Elephant Lakshmi in Manakula Vinayagar Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg/135px-Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg/202px-Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg/270px-Elephant_Lakshmi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Devotees with Elephant Lakshmi in Manakula Vinayagar Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Beach,_Hut,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beach by the Bay of Bengal"><img alt="Beach by the Bay of Bengal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg/270px-Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg/405px-Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg/540px-Pondicherry_Beach%2C_Hut%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beach by the Bay of Bengal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry,_Promenade_Beach,_Bay_of_Bengal,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bay of Bengal"><img alt="Bay of Bengal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg/270px-Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg/405px-Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg/540px-Pondicherry%2C_Promenade_Beach%2C_Bay_of_Bengal%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bay of Bengal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness,.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early morning by the Bay of Bengal"><img alt="Early morning by the Bay of Bengal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg/240px-Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg/360px-Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg/480px-Sunrise_at_the_Pondicherry_shore_of_happiness%2C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Early morning by the Bay of Bengal</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal" title="Karaikal">Karaikal</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9,_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahé, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple" title="Manakula Vinayagar Temple">Manakula Vinayagar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanam" title="Yanam">Yanam</a>, India</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PON</span>-dih-<span style="font-size:90%">CHERR</span>-ee</i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tamil:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[paːɳɖit͡ːʃeːɾi]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Pondichéry</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[pɔ̃.di.ʃe.ʁi]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tamil:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[puðut͡ːʃeːɾi]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondicherry&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dchb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dchb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dchb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3402_PART_B_DCHB_PUDUCHERRY.pdf">"District Census Handbook: Puducherry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India</i>. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>87<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=District+Census+Handbook%3A+Puducherry&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F3402_PART_B_DCHB_PUDUCHERRY.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APondicherry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bill-to-rename-pondicherry-as-puducherry-passed/article3093958.ece">"Bill to rename Pondicherry as Puducherry passed"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 22 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Puducherry+government%27s+poverty+estimates+at+odds+with+NITI+Aayog+data%2C+says+former+MP&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fpuducherry%2Fpuducherry-governments-poverty-estimates-at-odds-with-niti-aayog-data-says-former-mp%2Farticle67105191.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APondicherry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2021" class="citation news cs1">Prasad, S. 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colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pondicherry</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Puducherry" title="List of districts of Puducherry">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_district" title="Puducherry district">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal_district" title="Karaikal district">Karaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahe_district" title="Mahe district">Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanam_district" title="Yanam district">Yanam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal" title="Karaikal">Karaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9,_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavarkarai" title="Uzhavarkarai">Uzhavarkarai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanam" title="Yanam">Yanam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_Puducherry" title="Official languages of Puducherry">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_University" title="Pondicherry University">Pondicherry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Technological_University" title="Puducherry Technological University">Puducherry Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIPMER" class="mw-redirect" title="JIPMER">JIPMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Puducherry" title="National Institute of Technology, Puducherry">National Institute of Technology, Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puducherry" title="History of Puducherry">History of Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auroville" title="Auroville">Auroville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promenade_Beach" title="Promenade Beach">Promenade Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakula_Vinayagar_Temple" title="Manakula Vinayagar Temple">Manakula Vinayagar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimandir" title="Matrimandir">Matrimandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus,_Pondicherry" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pondicherry">Sacred Heart Basilica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_railway_station" title="Puducherry railway station">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal_railway_station" title="Karaikal railway station">Karaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahe_railway_station" title="Mahe railway station">Mahe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Puducherry Airport">Puducherry Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal_Airport" title="Karaikal Airport">Karaikal Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Cricket_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondicherry Cricket Association">Pondicherry Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_Premier_League" title="Pondicherry Premier League">Pondicherry Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Sports_Stadium" title="Indira Gandhi Sports Stadium">Indira Gandhi Sports Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSR_Indoor_Stadium" title="YSR Indoor Stadium">YSR Indoor Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template talk:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State and Union Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaratti" title="Kavaratti">Kavaratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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