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Carlo Levi - Wikipedia
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Beschikbaar in 35 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="كارلو ليفي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارلو ليفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="كارلو ليفى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارلو ليفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Карло Леви – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карло Леви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF" title="কার্লো লেভি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্লো লেভি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9" title="Κάρλο Λέβι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρλο Λέβι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="کارلو لوی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارلو لوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99" title="קרלו לוי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרלו לוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3" title="カルロ・レーヴィ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルロ・レーヴィ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Леви, Карло – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Леви, Карло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carlo Levi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Карло Леві – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карло Леві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312628#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Carlolevi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Carlolevi.jpg/260px-Carlolevi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Carlolevi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Carlo Levi in 1947, door <a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Vechten" title="Carl Van Vechten">Carl Van Vechten</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carlo Levi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turijn_(stad)" title="Turijn (stad)">Turijn</a>, <a href="/wiki/29_november" title="29 november">29 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_januari" title="4 januari">4 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse</a> schrijver en kunstschilder. Hij stond ook bekend om zijn anti-<a href="/wiki/Fascisme" title="Fascisme">fascistisch</a> activisme. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leven_en_werk">Leven en werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leven en werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leven en werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levi groeide op in een geëngageerd <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialistisch</a> milieu. Hij studeerde geneeskunde en nam al vroeg deel aan het politieke en intellectuele leven. Hij legde zich na zijn studie toe op de schilderkunst en maakte in 1929 deel uit van de Turijnse “Sei di Torino” ("De zes van Turijn"). Korte tijd later richtte hij in <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> de <a href="/wiki/Antifascisme" title="Antifascisme">antifascistische</a> beweging <a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Giustizia e Libertà</a> op. Tijdens het bewind van <a href="/wiki/Benito" title="Benito">Mussolini</a> hielp hij politieke vluchtelingen Italië te verlaten, waarbij hij diverse malen werd gearresteerd en gevangengezet. Na de oorlog werd hij redacteur bij het antifascistische blad “Italia libera”. In 1963 werd hij als lid van de <a href="/wiki/Italiaanse_Communistische_Partij" title="Italiaanse Communistische Partij">Italiaanse Communistische Partij</a> gekozen in het Italiaanse parlement. </p><p>Als schrijver brak Levi door met <i>Cristo si è fermato a Eboli</i> (1945, Nederlands: <i>Christus kwam niet verder dan Eboli</i>), een mengeling van een autobiografie, reportages en lyrische beschouwingen, gesitueerd in <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Lucanië</a>, tegenwoordig Basilicata, waar hij zelf in 1935 verbleef als politieke balling. In het boek wordt een autonome, <a href="/wiki/Archa%C3%AFsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaïsch">archaïsche</a> boerenbeschaving beschreven, model staand voor het arme Italiaanse zuiden, met een felle aanklacht tegen de kleinburgerlijke moraal, verpersoonlijkt in de “podesta” (het stadsbestuur onder de fascisten). </p><p>Levi maakte ook naam als essayist. In zijn essays ontleedt hij de oorzaken van de crisis in de westerse beschaving en verdedigt hij het recht op individuele vrijheid. Daarenboven bekritiseert hij herhaaldelijk de holle frases van politieke partijen en hun simplistische maatschappij analyses. Veel van zijn werken hebben de vorm van een soort reportage, soms ook in de vorm van een reisverhaal. </p><p>Carlo Levi overleed in 1975, 72 jaar oud en ligt begraven in <a href="/wiki/Aliano" title="Aliano">Aliano</a>, in de Zuid-Italiaanse regio Basilicata, het dorp waar ook 'Cristo si è fermato a Eboli' zich grotendeels afspeelt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie_(selectie)"><span id="Bibliografie_.28selectie.29"></span>Bibliografie (selectie)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie (selectie)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie (selectie)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Paura della pittura</i> (1942)</li> <li><i>Cristo si è fermato a Eboli</i> (1945)</li> <li><i>Paura della libertà</i> (1946)</li> <li><i>L'orologio</i> (1950)</li> <li><i>Le parole sono pietre</i> (1955)</li> <li><i>II futuro ha un cuore antico</i> (1956)</li> <li><i>La doppia notte dei tigli</i> (1959)</li> <li><i>Un volto che ci somiglia (Ritratto dell'Italia)</i> (1960)</li> <li><i>Tutto il miele è finito</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Quaderno a cancelli</i> (1979, postuum)</li> <li><i>Coraggio dei miti (Scrìtti contemporanei 1922-1974)</i> (1975, postuum)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur_en_bronnen">Literatuur en bronnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur en bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur en bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A. Bachrach e.a.: <i>Encyclopedie van de wereldliteratuur</i>. Bussum, 1980-1984. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9022843300" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-228-4330-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Levi&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span>it</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218082512/http://www.carlolevifondazione.it/index.php">Website over Carlo Levi</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90128342">90128342</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1129138">XX1129138</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912802f">cb11912802f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912802f">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058525466706706">981058525466706706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05580156?l=en">DA05580156</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11877977X">11877977X</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121400351">0000 0001 2140 0351</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79043774">n79043774</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00523780">00523780</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000603736&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20000603736</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35301896">35301896</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007504560805171">987007504560805171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001876733">a0000001876733</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000098041&local_base=nsk10">000098041</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068564651">068564651</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/RKD-Nederlands_Instituut_voor_Kunstgeschiedenis" title="RKD-Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis">RKD-Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/artists/49744">49744</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV009251">CFIV009251</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/218424">218424</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ks9tvk">w6ks9tvk</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026987880">026987880</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/903822">903822</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">Union List of Artist Names</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500013924">500013924</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76318991">76318991</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4wbdGjyfVM3HWX9WhpP">E39PBJj4wbdGjyfVM3HWX9WhpP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐7b9d6f574b‐w4fr6 Cached time: 20250403082148 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.110 seconds Real time usage: 0.141 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 76/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8076/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1686/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.057/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 810264/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 95.982 1 -total 88.10% 84.557 1 Sjabloon:Bibliografische_informatie 11.79% 11.318 1 Sjabloon:It 7.19% 6.899 1 Sjabloon:Taalaanduiding --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with 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