Dark skies preservation

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/","20210131070713","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1612076833"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base target="_top"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="author" content="information@eso.org"/> <meta name="description" content="ESO, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"/> <meta name="keywords" content="ESO, eso.org, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomie, Suedsternwarte, telescopes, detectors, comets, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, universe, NTT, VLT, VLTI, ALMA, ELT, La Silla, Paranal, Garching, Chile"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="x-default"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="en-au"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="en-ie"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="en-us"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="sq"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="cs"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="da"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="nl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="nl-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="fi"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/france/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="fr-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="fr-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="de"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="de-at"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="de-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="de-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/greece/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="el"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="hu"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="is"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="it"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="it-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="nb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="pl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="pt"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="ru"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="es"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="es-cl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="sr-latn"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="sv"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="tr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" hreflang="uk"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/favicon.ico"/> <title>Dark skies preservation | ESO</title> <link href="/web/20210131070713cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/main.309790640f56.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoTopNews" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Top News"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoAnnouncements" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <meta property="og:title" content="Dark skies preservation"/> </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="9IKLUu0YXQnSNabDfM5Lv1xHTN0cufCPTpVRt5otrpl9TINL7rGY2ayyb3UcvCuv"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to our use of cookies.<br> For more information on how ESO uses data and how you can disable cookies, please view <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> our privacy policy</a>. </p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="accept_privacy_notice()"> Accept </button> <script> // Display the privacy cookie if the cookie is not set if (!has_privacy_cookie()) { document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'block' } function has_privacy_cookie() { return document.cookie.split(';').filter(function(item) { return item.indexOf('privacy_notice_accepted=True') >= 0 }).length > 0 } function accept_privacy_notice() { let data = { LANGUAGE_CODE: 'en' } let csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); let headers = new Headers(); headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); headers.append('X-CSRFToken', csrftoken); fetch('/public/accept-privacy-notice/', { method: 'post', headers: headers, credentials: 'include', body: JSON.stringify(data) }).then( document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'none' ) } function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } </script> </div> <nav class="navbar-general-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-general"> <div class="minilogo"> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div class="sprites-esologo-23-30" title="European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"></div> </a> </div> <div id="select-language"> <div class="flags"> <div title="Austria" class="sprites-flag_at"></div> <div title="Belgium" class="sprites-flag_be"></div> <div title="Czech Republic" class="sprites-flag_cz"></div> <div title="Denmark" class="sprites-flag_da"></div> <div title="Finland" class="sprites-flag_fi"></div> <div title="France" class="sprites-flag_fr"></div> <div title="Germany" class="sprites-flag_de"></div> <div title="Ireland" class="sprites-flag_ie"></div> <div title="Italy" class="sprites-flag_it"></div> <div title="Netherlands" class="sprites-flag_nl"></div> <div title="Poland" class="sprites-flag_pl"></div> <div title="Portugal" class="sprites-flag_pt"></div> <div title="Spain" class="sprites-flag_es"></div> <div title="Sweden" class="sprites-flag_sv"></div> <div title="Switzerland" class="sprites-flag_ch"></div> <div title="UK" class="sprites-flag_gb"></div> <div style="margin-left: 8px" title="Chile" class="sprites-flag_cl"></div> </div> <div class="languages"> <div class="language-button"> <span class="language-text">Select Language (en)</span> <div class="language-flag"><div title="en" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div><span> (en)</span></div> <span class="caret"></span> </div> <ul class="languages-dropdown" role="menu"> <li class="language selected"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="International English" class="flag sprites-flag_en"> </div>International English</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Dansk" class="flag sprites-flag_da"> </div>Dansk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Deutsch" class="flag sprites-flag_de"> </div>Deutsch</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Belgien)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Deutsch (Belgien)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Schweiz)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Deutsch (Schweiz)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Österreich)" class="flag sprites-flag_at"> </div>Deutsch (Österreich)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="English (Australia)" class="flag sprites-flag_au"> </div>English (Australia)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="English (Ireland)" class="flag sprites-flag_ie"> </div>English (Ireland)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="English (UK)" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div>English (UK)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="English (USA)" class="flag sprites-flag_us"> </div>English (USA)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Español" class="flag sprites-flag_es"> </div>Español</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Español (Chile)" class="flag sprites-flag_cl"> </div>Español (Chile)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/france/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Français" class="flag sprites-flag_fr"> </div>Français</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Français (Belgique)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Français (Belgique)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Français (Suisse)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Français (Suisse)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Italiano" class="flag sprites-flag_it"> </div>Italiano</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Italiano (Svizzera)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Italiano (Svizzera)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Magyarország" class="flag sprites-flag_hu"> </div>Magyarország</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Nederlands" class="flag sprites-flag_nl"> </div>Nederlands</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Nederlands (België)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Nederlands (België)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Norsk" class="flag sprites-flag_nb"> </div>Norsk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Polski" class="flag sprites-flag_pl"> </div>Polski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Português" class="flag sprites-flag_pt"> </div>Português</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Português (Brasil)" class="flag sprites-flag_br"> </div>Português (Brasil)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Shqip" class="flag sprites-flag_sq"> </div>Shqip</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Srpski" class="flag sprites-flag_sr-latn"> </div>Srpski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Suomi" class="flag sprites-flag_fi"> </div>Suomi</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Svenska" class="flag sprites-flag_sv"> </div>Svenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Türkçe" class="flag sprites-flag_tr"> </div>Türkçe</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Íslenska" class="flag sprites-flag_is"> </div>Íslenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Česky" class="flag sprites-flag_cs"> </div>Česky</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="Русский" class="flag sprites-flag_ru"> </div>Русский</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/?lang"><div title="українська" class="flag sprites-flag_uk"> </div>українська</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sections"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/sci.html">Science</a> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/UserPortal/">User Portal</a> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="searchbox-button"> <span class="fa fa-search"></span> </button> <div id="searchbox-dropdown"> <form action="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/search/" method="get" class="form-inline" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search..." name="q" class="form-control"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> </span> </div>   </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/sitemap/">Site Map</a> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="mobile-menu clearfix"> <button class="menu-trigger"><span class="fa fa-navicon"></span> Open Menu</button> </div> <ul class="level0 mainmenu-aim"> <li class="current"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/">About<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-2" class="submenu-aim selected current current-leaf"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/esoglance/"> ESO, the European Southern Observatory </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/organisation/"> Organisation </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/"> Director General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-5" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/previous-dg/"> List of Directors General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-6" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/xbarcons/"> Prof. Xavier Barcons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/tdezeeuw/"> Prof. T. de Zeeuw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ccesarsk/"> Dr. C. Cesarsky </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/rgiacconi/"> Prof. R. Giacconi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/hvanderlaan/"> Prof. H. van der Laan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/lwoltjer/"> Prof. L. Woltjer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/"> Prof. A. Blaauw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/otto-heckmann/"> Prof. O. Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-54" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-65" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-67" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/eso-supernova/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/illustrations/"> Illustrations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/peopleandevents/"> People and Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-92" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-108" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (1.9 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (32.9 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-114" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-116" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-141" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-142" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-143" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-145" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-156" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-167" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-178" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/"> Announcements <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-185" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/news/starsateso/"> Stars@ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/webupdates/"> New on eso.org </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/"> Press Room <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-201" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/broadcast/"> Broadcast Services </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Copyright Notice </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/"> ESO Newsletters <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-205" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/esonews/"> ESO News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/outreach/"> ESO Outreach Community Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/newsletter/"> ESO Science Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/#2"> ESO Media Newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/presscoverage/"> Press Coverage </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/">ESOshop<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-211" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/"> Shop Products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-212" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/annualreport/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/book/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/brochure/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/calendar/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/capjournal/"> CAPjournals </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/conferenceitem/"> Conferences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/donation/"> Donations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/media/"> DVDs/Bluray/CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/educationalmaterial/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/supernovaactivity/"> ESO Supernova Activities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/flyer/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/handout/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/map/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/messenger/"> Messengers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/mountedimage/"> Mounted Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/postcard/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/printedposter/"> Posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/technicaldocument/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/sticker/"> Stickers </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/cart/"> View shopping cart </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/checkout/"> Checkout </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Information <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-236" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/bulk_orders/"> Bulk Orders </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Purchasing Steps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/payment/"> Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shipping/"> Shipping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shopstaff/"> Staff Shopping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/freeorder/"> Free Orders for Educators and Media </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-244" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-245" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-275" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-281" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-282" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-296" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-319" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-330" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-340" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-345" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-349" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-355" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-358" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-361" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-373" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-388" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-395" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-402" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-409" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/asteroid-day/"> Asteroid Day </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/MeetESO/"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-423" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-434" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-440" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-450" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-461" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-467" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-472" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-485" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-486" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-494" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-507" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-510" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-523" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/team/"> Meet our Heroes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/journey/"> Journey Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/equipment/"> Equipment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/technology-partners/"> Technology Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/blog/"> Blog </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/for_planetariums/"> For Planetariums </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/webcams/"> Webcams </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/your_eso_pictures/"> Your ESO Pictures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/astroprize/"> European Astronomy Journalism Prize </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/"> Hidden Treasures <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-533" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/rules/"> Hidden Treasures Rules </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/instructions/"> Hidden Treasures Instructions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/science_archive/"> Hidden Treasures Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.flickr.com/groups/esohiddentreasures/"> Flickr Upload </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/"> Our Team <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-538" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/students/"> Students and Visitors </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://supernova.eso.org/join-us/"> Join us </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://supernova.eso.org/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/art/"> Art at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/data2dome/"> Data2Dome </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/"> ESOblog </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/">Products<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-545" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Audiovisual and multimedia <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-546" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/models3d/"> 3D models </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/applications/"> Apps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/media/"> DVDs and CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/imaxfilms/"> IMAX movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/minisites/"> Mini-sites </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/music/"> Music </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/planetariumshows/"> Planetarium shows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presentations/"> Presentations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/"> Virtual Tours </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Periodicals <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-556" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/messengers/"> Messenger </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/capjournals/"> CAP Journal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/schools/"> Science in School </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Print products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-560" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/annualreports/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/brochures/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/bulletins/"> Bulletins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/calendars/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/conf_posters/"> Conference posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/flyers/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/maps/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presskits/"> Press kits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/reports/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/postcards/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stickers/"> Stickers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/print_posters/"> Printed posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/papermodels/"> Paper models </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-576" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/mountedimages/"> Mounted images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stationery/"> Stationery </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Electronic products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-581" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/electroniccards/"> Electronic cards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/elec_posters/"> Electronic posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/epublications/"> ePublications </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/exhibitions/"> Exhibition material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/products/logos/"> Logos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/"> Order in ESOshop </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/">Business@ESO<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-589" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/cp.html"> Procurement at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.eso.org/public/industry/events/"> Industry Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/"> Technology Transfer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-592" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/technology-developed-by-industry-or-institutes/"> Technology Developed by Industries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/develeso/"> Novel technologies by ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/developments/"> ESO know-how </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/"> Future Projects <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-596" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/elt/"> Working with the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety.html"> Safety <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-598" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/emergency.html"> Emergency & Evacuation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/traffic.html"> Traffic & Parking at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/contractors.html"> Contractors at ESO </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/contact/"> Contact Information </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://recruitment.eso.org/">Jobs<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-603" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://recruitment.eso.org/"> Recruitment </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/"> Employment Conditions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-605" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/intstaff/"> International Staff Members </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/localstaff/"> Local Staff Members (Spanish / English) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/fellows/"> Fellows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/students/"> Students </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/paidassoc/"> Paid Associates </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/pes/"> Human Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/grants/"> Grants </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/how_to_use/"> How to use this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>Dark skies preservation</h1> <p dir="ltr">For many people great joy comes from simply standing beneath a clear dark sky and marvelling at the heavens. Today, however, an increasing majority of people can no longer see the true beauty of the night sky from their homes. Even some of the brightest stars are lost in the glare of light pollution. The sight of the Milky Way stretching across the night sky is for many of us a childhood memory; sadly, today a generation is growing up having never seen our own galaxy, the place we call home in the Universe. Light from the rest of the Universe can take billions of years to reach our eyes — it seems such a pity to lose it in the last millisecond of its journey!</p> <p dir="ltr">Astronomers define light pollution as “artificial light that shines where it is neither wanted, nor needed”. The most obvious everyday manifestation of light pollution is in the increasing illumination of our night sky and the subsequent difficulties in observing astronomical objects from polluted locations. Light from poorly designed, incorrectly directed light fixtures shines into the sky. There, it is scattered by air molecules, moisture and aerosols in the atmosphere causing the night sky to light up; a phenomenon known as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyglow">sky-glow</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/img_8711-cc/"><img src="/web/20210131070713im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/img_8711-cc.jpg" border="0" alt="Zodiacal light at Paranal" width="220" height="140" style="float: left; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px;"/></a>Light pollution does not only affect astronomers. Anyone could be disturbed by the intrusion of light, be it a street lamp that shines into a bedroom or the glare of a poorly designed street light that dazzles a motorist. Light pollution also has numerous direct impacts on the environment; it puts a great strain on wildlife in both urban and rural locations who become disoriented by bright lights (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies/cfds_environment.php?topic=wildlife">read more</a>). It is an unnecessary waste of energy that results in great cost to economies worldwide (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies/cfds_issues.php?topic=economic">read more</a>), for example some high-powered lights produce more carbon dioxide over a year than a modern day diesel car produces by travelling about 500 kilometres. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to a group whose discoveries suggest that the human body clock requires natural daylight rhythms and dark skies in order to function properly (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2017/press.html">read more</a>).</p> <p dir="ltr">Light pollution and other electromagnetic interference affect amateur astronomers and professionals and their observatories alike. Today, the European Southern Observatory works to protect existing and potential observatory sites from pollution at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, preserving important dark sky sites around the world.</p> <p>ESO’s observatories are located under the pristine Chilean skies, but there are signs that light pollution is becoming a serious problem even there. ESO actively supports light pollution control in Chile; it is one of the organisations that sponsors and funds the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.opcc.cl/">Office for the Protection of the Sky Quality</a> (OPCC). This office was established jointly with the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.aura-astronomy.org/">Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy</a> (AURA), the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/">Carnegie Southern Observatories</a> (CARSO) and the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.gmto.org/">Giant Magellan Telescope </a>(GMT), with the participation of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.sochias.cl/">Chilean Astronomical Society</a> (SOCHIAS) and the Chilean Ministries of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.minrel.gov.cl/minrel/site/edic/base/port/inicio_eng.html">Foreign Affairs</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://portal.mma.gob.cl/">Environment</a>. The OPCC collaborates with observatories and the Chilean authorities to protect the darkness of the sky. Through the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/">ESO–Government of Chile Joint Committee</a>, ESO has funded numerous regional and national initiatives to bring light pollution awareness to the attention of the public. ESO is also collaborating with the other international observatories in Chile and with the Chilean Government to investigate further initiatives that could bring recognition and protection of the exceptional qualities of the sky of Northern Chile to an international level.</p> <p dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1732a/"><img src="/web/20210131070713im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/potw1732a.jpg" border="0" alt="From the Residencia to the Milky Way" width="220" height="140" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px;"/></a>ESO understands that dark skies are important around the world, not only in Chile. ESO has supported the organisation of an initiative presented by the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.iau.org/">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) at the United Nations <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/index.html">Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space</a> (COPUOS) to organise an international conference on the harmful effects of light pollution for astronomy, and also for ecosystems and for human health.</p> <p>Keeping abreast of the various policy initiatives concerning dark skies is very important to ESO. This includes being a lifetime member of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www.darksky.org/">International Dark-Sky Association</a>, and closely following other regional initiatives such as the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://eudarkskiesconference.com/">European Dark Skies Conference</a> and also projects such as the EU-funded <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://stars4all.eu/">STARS4ALL consortium</a>. ESO participates in the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://issuu.com/starlightinitiative">Starlight Initiative</a>, which is supported by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://en.unesco.org/">UNESCO</a>, the IAU, the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://www2.unwto.org/">United Nations World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO), and other worldwide organisations.</p> <p dir="ltr">ESO will continue fighting to preserve dark skies to improve conditions for astronomy and reduce the effects of light pollution on people and wildlife.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210131070713/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210131070713cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20210131070713js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.097c0244ddc7.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/&text=Dark skies preservation&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/&media=&description=Dark skies preservation" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131070713/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — Dark skies preservation&body=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="9IKLUu0YXQnSNabDfM5Lv1xHTN0cufCPTpVRt5otrpl9TINL7rGY2ayyb3UcvCuv"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Dark skies preservation | ESO