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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Musical instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tempo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamics_–_volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamics_–_volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dynamics – volume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamics_–_volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Moods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_expression_(general)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_expression_(general)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Musical expression (general)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_expression_(general)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patterns_within_the_musical_score" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patterns_within_the_musical_score"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Patterns within the musical score</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patterns_within_the_musical_score-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Directions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_direction_and_staging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_direction_and_staging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Musical direction and staging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_direction_and_staging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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title="Convenienze">Convenienze</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a general, non-specific list of terms, see <a href="/wiki/Musical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical terminology">Musical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about several Italian terms included in the page <a href="/wiki/Musical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical terminology">Musical terminology</a> and not found here.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English" title="Talk:List of Italian musical terms used in English">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English" title="Special:EditPage/List of Italian musical terms used in English">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22">"List of Italian musical terms used in English"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many musical terms are in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> period were Italian.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> That period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_terms_and_English_translations">Italian terms and English translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Italian terms and English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">A cappella</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8fd"><i>in chapel style</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Sung with no (instrumental) accompaniment, has much harmonizing </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">Aria</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>air</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Piece of music, usually for a singer </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Aria_di_sorbetto" title="Aria di sorbetto">Aria di sorbetto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>sorbet air</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">Arietta</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little air</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A short or light aria </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Arioso" title="Arioso">Arioso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8">airy </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A type of solo opera or operetta </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Ballabile</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>danceable</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">(song) to be danced to </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_(music)" title="Battaglia (music)">Battaglia</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>battle</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An instrumental or vocal piece suggesting a battle </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Bergamask" title="Bergamask">Bergamasca</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>from Bergamo</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A peasant dance from <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Burletta" title="Burletta">Burletta</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>a little joke</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A light comic or farcical opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cabaletta" title="Cabaletta">Cabaletta</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8">from <i>copola</i> (<i>couplet</i>) </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A two-part musical form </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadenza" title="Cadenza">Cadenza</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>falling</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A florid solo at the end of a performance </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">Cantata</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>sung</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A piece for orchestra and singers </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(music)" title="Capriccio (music)">Capriccio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caprice" class="extiw" title="wikt:caprice">caprice</a></i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A lively piece, free in form, often used to show musical skill </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cavatina" title="Cavatina">Cavatina</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>small instrumental tone</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A simple melody or song </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Coda_(music)" title="Coda (music)">Coda</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>tail</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The end of a piece </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">Concerto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>concert</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A work for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Concertino_(composition)" title="Concertino (composition)">Concertino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little concert</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A short concerto; the solo instrument in a concerto </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">Concerto grosso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>big concert</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A Baroque form of concerto, with a group of solo instruments </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Da_capo_aria" title="Da capo aria">Da capo aria</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>from the head aria</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A three-section musical form </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dramma_giocoso" title="Dramma giocoso">Dramma giocoso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>jocular drama</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A form of opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dramma_per_musica" title="Dramma per musica">Dramma per musica</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>drama for music</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Libretto </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia (music)">Fantasia</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>fantasy</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A musical composition or “idea” typified by improvisation </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Farsa" title="Farsa">Farsa</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>farce</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A one-act comical opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Festa_teatrale" title="Festa teatrale">Festa teatrale</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>theatrical party</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A genre of opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Fioritura" title="Fioritura">Fioritura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>flowery</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A highly embellished vocal line </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Intermedio" title="Intermedio">Intermedio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>intermediate</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A short connecting instrumental movement – an intermezzo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>interval</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A short connecting instrumental movement </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">Libretto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little book</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A work containing the words to an opera, musical, or ballet </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Melodramma" title="Melodramma">Melodramma</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>melodrama</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A style of opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>work</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A drama set to music for singers and instrumentalists </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>humorous opera</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A comic opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Opera_semiseria" title="Opera semiseria">Opera semiseria</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>semi-serious opera</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A variety of opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">Opera seria</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>serious opera</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An opera with a serious, esp. classical theme </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little opera</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A variety of light opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">Oratorio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>oratory</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Pasticcio" title="Pasticcio">Pasticcio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>pastiche</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A musical piece containing works by different composers </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ripieno_concerto" title="Ripieno concerto">Ripieno concerto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>padding concert</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A form of Baroque concerto with no solo parts </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Serenata</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i><a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenade</a></i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A song or composition in someone's honour. Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Soggetto_cavato" title="Soggetto cavato">Soggetto cavato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>carved subject</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Sonata_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonata (music)">Sonata</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>sounded</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">From c. 1750 onward, a composition for one or two instruments in <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">Verismo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>realism</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_instruments">Musical instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Campana_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campana (musical instrument)">Campana</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>bell</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A <a href="/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">bell</a> used in an orchestra; also <i>campane</i> "bells" </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">Cornetto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little horn</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An old woodwind instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Fagotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagotto">Fagotto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>bundle</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>orchestra</i>, orig. Greek <i>orkesthai</i> "dance" </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An ensemble of instruments </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano(forte)</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>soft-loud</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A keyboard instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">Piccolo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A tiny woodwind instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Sordun" title="Sordun">Sordun</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>deaf, dull in sound</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An archaic double-reed wind instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>drums</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Large drums </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>tube</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A large brass instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">Viola</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>viola</i>, orig. Latin <i>vitulari</i> "be joyful" </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A medium-sized stringed instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">Viola d'amore</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>love viola</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A tenor viol with no frets </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Viola_da_braccio_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da braccio (instrument)">Viola da braccio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>arm viola</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">Viola da gamba</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>leg viola</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A stringed instrument held between the legs </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Violoncello" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoncello">Violoncello</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>smaller large viola</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A large stringed instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">Violone</a></b> </td> <td><i>large viola</i> </td> <td>A large stringed instrument in the bass or contra-bass range </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voices">Voices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Alto_(voice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alto (voice)">Alto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>high</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Second-highest vocal line </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Basso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>low</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Or "bass;" the lowest vocal line </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">Basso profondo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>deep low</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A very deep bass voice </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">Castrato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>castrated</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A male singer, castrated before puberty so as to be able to sing soprano (now sung by women, conventional <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sopranista" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopranista">sopranisti</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">Coloratura soprano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>colouring soprano</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A soprano specialised in complex, ornamented melody </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>against high</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Alto, esp. a female alto </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little false</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A vocal register immediately above the modal voice range </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Falsettone" title="Falsettone">Falsettone</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Falsetto, sung using the usual techniques of modal voice register </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Leggiero tenor</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd"><i>See <a href="#tenore_di_grazia">tenore di grazia</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Musico" title="Musico">Musico</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>musician</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Originally, a trained musician; later, a castrato or female singer </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>middle-upper</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Between soprano and alto </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>crossing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A vocal range </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>upper</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The highest vocal line </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Soprano_sfogato" title="Soprano sfogato">Soprano sfogato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>unlimited soprano</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A soprano who has extended her upper range beyond the usual range of a soprano </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Spinto" title="Spinto">Spinto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>pushed</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A forceful voice, between the lyric and dramatic in weight </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">Spinto soprano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>pushed soprano</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A soprano whose voice, while normally of lyric weight and fluidity, can be pushed to a more forceful weight </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Squillo" title="Squillo">Squillo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>ringing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The resonant clarity of an operatic singer's voice </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tenore_contraltino" title="Tenore contraltino">Tenore contraltino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A tenor voice capable of a slightly higher range of sustainable notes than usual </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tenore_di_grazia" title="Tenore di grazia">Tenore di grazia</a></b> or <b>Leggiero tenor</b><span class="anchor" id="tenore_di_grazia"></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>tenor of grace</i> or <i>lightweight tenor</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A lightweight, flexible tenor voice </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>texture</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A singer's comfortable range </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tempo">Tempo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tempo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Accelerando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>accelerating</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Accelerating </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Accompagnato" class="mw-redirect" title="Accompagnato">Accompagnato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>accompanied</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Adagio_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adagio (music)">Adagio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8">ad agio, <i>at ease</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow and easy (but not as slow as largo) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Adagietto" class="mw-redirect" title="Adagietto">Adagietto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>a bit at ease</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd"><b>1.</b> Slightly less easy than adagio (so slightly faster); <b>2.</b> a short adagio composition </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Affrettando" class="mw-redirect" title="Affrettando">Affrettando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>becoming hurried</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Accelerating </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">Alla marcia</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>as a march</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">In strict tempo at a marching pace (e.g. 120<span class="nowrap"> </span>BPM) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Allargando" class="mw-redirect" title="Allargando">Allargando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>broadening</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slowing down and broadening; becoming more stately and majestic, possibly louder </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (music)">Allegro</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>joyful; lively and fast</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Joyful; moderately fast tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Allegretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegretto">Allegretto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>a little bit joyful</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slightly less joyful than allegro (so slightly slower tempo) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Andante_(tempo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andante (tempo)">Andante</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>walking</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">At a walking pace; flowing; moderately slow tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Andantino_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andantino (music)">Andantino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>a little bit walking</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Less of a walking pace than andante (so slightly quicker) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/A_tempo" class="mw-redirect" title="A tempo">A tempo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>to time</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Return to previous tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermata" title="Fermata">Fermata</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>held, stopped</i>, orig. Latin <i>firmo</i> "make firm, fortify" </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Holding or sustaining a note </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Grave_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave (music)">Grave</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>grave, solemn</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow and solemn tempo (slower than largo) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Largo_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Largo (music)">Largo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>broad</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow and dignified tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Largamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Largamente">Largamente</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>broadly</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow and dignified tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Larghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Larghetto">Larghetto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>broad-ish</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slightly less dignified than largo (so slightly faster tempo) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Lento</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>slow</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Lentando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>slowing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Decelerating, slowing down </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/L%27istesso_tempo" class="mw-redirect" title="L'istesso tempo">L'istesso tempo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>the same time</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">At the same tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Moderato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>moderate</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Moderate tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo#Terms_for_change_in_tempo" title="Tempo">Mosso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>moved, agitated</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Agitated </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Presto_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (music)">Presto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>prompt, quick; ready for action</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Very fast </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Prestissimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestissimo">Prestissimo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very prompt, very quick</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Very <i>very</i> fast (above 200<span class="nowrap"> </span>BPM) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Rallentando" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallentando">Rallentando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>slowing down</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Decelerating </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ritardando" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritardando">Ritardando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>retarding</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Decelerating </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Tardo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>slow, tardy</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Slow tempo </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">Tempo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>time</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The speed of music; e.g. 120<span class="nowrap"> </span>BPM (beats per minute) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo_rubato" title="Tempo rubato">(Tempo) rubato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>robbed</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Free flowing and exempt from steady rhythm </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tenuto" title="Tenuto">Tenuto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>sustained</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Holding or sustaining a single note </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Vivace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivace">Vivace</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>vivacious</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Fast and lively tempo (quicker than allegro) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynamics_–_volume"><span id="Dynamics_.E2.80.93_volume"></span>Dynamics – volume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dynamics – volume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Calando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>quietening</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Becoming softer and slower </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Crescendo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>growing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Becoming louder </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Decrescendo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>shrinking</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Becoming softer </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Diminuendo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>dwindling</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Becoming softer </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Forte</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>strong</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Loud </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Fortissimo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very strong</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Very loud </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Mezzo forte</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>half-strong</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Moderately loud </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Marcato" title="Marcato">Marcato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>marked</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A note played forcefully </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Messa_di_voce" title="Messa di voce">Messa di voce</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>placing the voice</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A style of singing involving changing volume while holding a single note </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Piano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>gentle</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Soft </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Pianissimo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very gentle</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Very soft </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Mezzo piano</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>half-gentle</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Moderately soft </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Sforzando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>strained</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Sharply accented </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Stentato" title="Stentato">Stentato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">Stentor</a></i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Loud, boisterous </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tremolo" title="Tremolo">Tremolo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>trembling</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A rapid, repetitive variation in the volume or pitch of a note </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moods">Moods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Moods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Musical definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Affettuoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Affettuoso">Affettuoso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with feeling</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Tenderly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Agitato" class="mw-redirect" title="Agitato">Agitato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>agitated, moved</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Excited, fast </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of musical terminology">Animato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>animated</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Animated, fast </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Brillante" class="mw-redirect" title="Brillante">Brillante</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>brilliant</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Bright, radiant </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruscamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruscamente">Bruscamente</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>brusquely</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Abruptly, bluntly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Cantabile" title="Cantabile">Cantabile</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>singable</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">In a singing style </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Colossale" class="mw-redirect" title="Colossale">Colossale</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>colossal</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">In a fashion which suggests immensity </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Comodo_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comodo (music)">Comodo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>convenient</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comfortably, moderately </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Con_amore" class="mw-redirect" title="Con amore">Con amore</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with love</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">With love </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology#brio" title="Glossary of music terminology">Con brio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with brightness</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Upbeat, usually contrasting previous music </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Con_fuoco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Con fuoco (page does not exist)">Con fuoco</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with fire</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Passionate, enthusiastic </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Con_moto" class="mw-redirect" title="Con moto">Con moto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with movement</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Quick, with energy, spirited </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Con_spirito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Con spirito (page does not exist)">Con spirito</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with spirit</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Vigorous, spirited </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Deciso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>firm, resolute</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Decisive, determined </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolce" class="extiw" title="wikt:dolce">Dolce</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>sweet</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Softly, sweetly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drammatico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drammatico (page does not exist)">Drammatico</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>dramatic</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Dramatic </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Espressivo</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>expressive</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Expressive </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feroce#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:feroce">Feroce</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>ferocious</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Fierce, heavy </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Festoso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>happy</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Festive, jolly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furioso#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:furioso">Furioso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>furious</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Hasty, angry, intense </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Giocoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Giocoso">Giocoso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>playful</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Merry, spirited, playful </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Grandioso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>great, grandiose</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Broad, noble, great </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Grazioso" class="mw-redirect" title="Grazioso">Grazioso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>gracious, graceful</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Graceful, charming </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Lacrimoso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>lachrymose, teary</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Tearfully, sadly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Lamentoso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>Plaintively, Sadly</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Mournfully, with sorrow </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Maestoso" title="Maestoso">Maestoso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>majestic</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Stately, broadly </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Misterioso</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>mysterious</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Mysteriously, secretively, enigmatic </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Morendo" class="mw-redirect" title="Morendo">Morendo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>dying</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Dying away </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Pesante" title="Pesante">Pesante</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>heavy</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Heavy, slowly, weightily </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Risoluto</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>resolved</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Resolved, decisive </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Scherzando" class="mw-redirect" title="Scherzando">Scherzando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>playful, joking</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Playful, lively </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Solitario</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>lonely</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Lonely, alone </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Sotto_voce_(music)" title="Sotto voce (music)">Sotto (voce)</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>under-voice, subdued (voice)</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Subdued, hushed </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Sonore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonore">Sonore</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>loud, resonant</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Full, broad </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Semplicemente" title="Semplicemente">Semplicemente</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>simply</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Simply </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slancio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slancio (page does not exist)">Slancio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>passionately hurl or fling; lance</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Enthusiastic </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/tranquillo">Tranquillo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>calm, tranquil</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Calm, soft, peaceful </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo#Italian_tempo_markings" title="Tempo">Vivace</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>vivacious</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Up-tempo, lively </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volante#Adjective_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:volante">Volante</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>flying</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Fast, light </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_expression_(general)"><span id="Musical_expression_.28general.29"></span>Musical expression (general)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Musical expression (general)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Usage </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Molto" class="mw-redirect" title="Molto">Molto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very; much</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes before other terms; e.g. <i>molto allegro</i> ("very cheerful") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Musical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical terminology">Assai</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very; aplenty</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes after other terms; e.g. <i>allegro assai</i> ("very cheerful") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tempo#Terms_for_change_in_tempo" title="Tempo">Più</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>more</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes before other terms; e.g. <i>più mosso</i> ("more moved/agitated") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_musical_terminology#P" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of musical terminology">Poco</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes before other terms; e.g. <i>poco diminuendo</i> ("a little diminishing") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Poco_a_poco" class="mw-redirect" title="Poco a poco">Poco a poco</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little by little</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">"Slowly but steadily." Comes before other terms; e.g. <i> poco a poco crescendo</i> ("increasing little by little") </td></tr> <tr id="ma_non_tanto"> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Ma <a href="/wiki/Non_tanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Non tanto">non tanto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>but not so much</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes after other terms; e.g. <i>adagio ma non tanto</i> ("not quite at ease") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_non_troppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma non troppo (page does not exist)">Ma non troppo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>but not too much</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes after other terms; e.g. <i>allegro ma non troppo</i> ("not too joyful") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Meno" title="Meno">Meno</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>less</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes before other terms, such as <i>meno mosso</i> ("less moved/agitated") </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Subito" class="mw-redirect" title="Subito">Subito</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>suddenly, quickly</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Comes before or after other terms; e.g. <i>subito fortissimo</i> ("suddenly very loud") </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patterns_within_the_musical_score">Patterns within the musical score</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Patterns within the musical score"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(music)" title="Lacuna (music)">Lacuna</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>gap</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A silent pause in a piece of music </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ossia" title="Ossia">Ossia</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8">from <i>o</i> ("or") + <i>sia</i> ("that it be") </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A secondary passage of music which may be played in place of the original </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">Ostinato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>stubborn, obstinate</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A repeated motif or phrase in a piece of music </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Pensato" title="Pensato">Pensato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>thought out</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A composed imaginary note </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ritornello" title="Ritornello">Ritornello</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little return</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A recurring passage in a piece of Baroque music </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Segue" title="Segue">Segue</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>it follows</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A smooth movement from one passage to another with no pause </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Simile</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>similar</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Continue applying the preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Stretto" title="Stretto">Stretto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>tightened, strict</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">In a fugue, the repeating of a motif by a second voice before the first rendition is completed </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directions">Directions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Directions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/attacca">Attacca</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>attach, begin</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Proceed to the next section without pause </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/cambiare">Cambiare</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>change</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Any change, such as to a new instrument </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/da_capo">Da Capo (al fine)</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>from the beginning (to the "fine")</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Abbreviated as D.C., informs the performer to go back to the beginning <i>(capo)</i> (finishing where the part is marked <i>fine</i>). </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/dal_segno">Dal Segno</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>from the sign</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Abbreviated as D.S., informs the performer to repeat a specific section marked by a sign <i>(segno)</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/divisi">Divisi</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>divided</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Instructs one section to divide into two or more separate sections, each playing a separate part. Often these separate parts are written on the same staff. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oppure" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:oppure">Oppure</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8">from <i>o</i> ("or") + <i>pure</i> ("also") </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. See <a href="/wiki/Ossia" title="Ossia">Ossia</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Solo_(music)" title="Solo (music)">Solo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>alone</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A piece or performance to be played by a single musician </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Sole</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>Group solo</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A piece or performance to be played by a designated group </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Acciaccatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Acciaccatura">Acciaccatura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>crunching</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">An extra, very fast grace note </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Altissimo" title="Altissimo">Altissimo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very high</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Very high </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Appoggiatura" title="Appoggiatura">Appoggiatura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>leaning, supporting</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A type of ornament that creates a "yearning" effect </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arco#Italian" class="extiw" title="wikt:arco">Arco</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>bow</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Cancels col legno and pizzicato. (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages.) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Arpeggio" title="Arpeggio">Arpeggio</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>harp-like</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A chord with the notes spread out in time (rather than sounded simultaneously) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">Basso continuo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>continuous bass</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Continuous bass accompaniment by chordal instrument(s) and bass instrument(s) (see <a href="/wiki/Figured_bass" title="Figured bass">Figured bass</a>.) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_bocca_chiusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A bocca chiusa (page does not exist)">A bocca chiusa</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>in closed mouth</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Wordless humming in a choral piece </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiuso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiuso (page does not exist)">Chiuso</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>closed</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Calls for a horn to be muted by hand. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">Coloratura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>colouration</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Elaborate ornamentation of a vocal line </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coperti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coperti (page does not exist)">Coperti</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>covered</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Of a drum, muted with a cloth </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Una_corda" class="mw-redirect" title="Una corda">Una corda</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>one string, cord</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Due_corde" class="mw-redirect" title="Due corde">Due corde</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>two strings</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (<i>For why both terms exist, see <a href="/wiki/Piano#Pedals" title="Piano">Piano#Pedals</a>.</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tre_corde" class="mw-redirect" title="Tre corde">Tre corde</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Tutte_le_corde" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutte le corde">tutte le corde</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>three strings</i> or <i>all the strings</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Cancels una corda </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">Glissando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>gliding, glossing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Legato" title="Legato">Legato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>tied</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Col_legno" title="Col legno">Col legno</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with the wood</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be struck with the wood of the bow (rather than drawn across with the hair of the bow). </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Martellato" class="mw-redirect" title="Martellato">Martellato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>hammered</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Of notes, strongly accented and detached </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">Pizzicato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>pinched, plucked</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be plucked with the fingers. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Portamento" title="Portamento">Portamento</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>carrying</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Playing with a sliding of pitch between two notes </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Portato" title="Portato">Portato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>carried</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Played in a style between staccato and legato </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Sforzando_(musical_direction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sforzando (musical direction)">Sforzando</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>forcing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Playing with strong, marked emphasis </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Scordatura" title="Scordatura">Scordatura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>discord</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Alternate tuning (of strings) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)" title="Mute (music)">Con sordino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with <a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)" title="Mute (music)">sourdine</a> (mute)</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">With mute applied, esp. to <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instruments</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)" title="Mute (music)">Senza sordino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>without sourdine (mute)</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">With mute removed </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Spiccato" title="Spiccato">Spiccato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>separated, distinct; standing out</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">With a stringed instrument, played by bouncing the bow lightly on the strings </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Staccato" title="Staccato">Staccato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>detached</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A form of musical articulation in which notes are distinct and separated from each other by short gaps </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Staccatissimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Staccatissimo">Staccatissimo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>very detached</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Forcefully exaggerated staccato </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Tutti" title="Tutti">Tutti</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>all</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Played or sung by the entire ensemble, rather than by just a soloist or principal player </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">Vibrato</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>vibrating</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Played with rapid repetitive variation or undulation in pitch </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Colla voce</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with the voice</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">(For accompanists) In time with the singer's text, especially when slowing for textual effect </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_(opera)" title="Banda (opera)">Banda</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>band</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Small music ensemble used as a supplement to the orchestra in an opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Comprimario" title="Comprimario">Comprimario</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>with the first</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Supporting role </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Concertino_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concertino (group)">Concertino</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>little concert</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Smaller, more virtuosic group of musicians in a <a href="/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Convenienze</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>conveniences</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Rules relating to the ranking of singers in opera (<i>primo</i>, <i>secondo</i>, <i>comprimario</i>) in 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, and the number of scenes, arias, etc. that they were entitled to expect.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>convenienze</i> are referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a> opera <i><a href="/wiki/Le_convenienze_ed_inconvenienze_teatrali" title="Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali">Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Coro_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coro (music)">Coro</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>choir</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Ensemble of singers </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Diva" title="Diva">Diva</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>divine one</i> (fem.) </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Leading female singer </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Prima_donna" title="Prima donna">Prima donna</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>first lady</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Leading female role </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Primo_uomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Primo uomo">Primo uomo</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>first man</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Leading male role </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Ripieno" title="Ripieno">Ripieno</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>refilling</i> or <i>stuffing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">The larger group of musicians in a <a href="/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">Bel canto</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>beautiful singing</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Any fine singing, esp. that popular in 18th- and 19th-century Italian opera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Bravura" title="Bravura">Bravura</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>skill</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A performance of extraordinary virtuosity </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Bravo</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>skillful</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A cry of congratulation to a male singer or performer. (<i>Masc. pl. </i>bravi<i>; fem. sing. </i>brava<i>; fem. pl. </i>brave.) The use of <i>!</i> after a written expression of "bravo/a/i/e(!)" strongly emphasizes it. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_direction_and_staging">Musical direction and staging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Musical direction and staging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" rules="rows" align="center" width="98%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ddffdd">Italian term </th> <th bgcolor="#f8f8f8">Literal translation </th> <th bgcolor="#ffdddd">Definition </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Maestro" title="Maestro">Maestro</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>master, teacher</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Conductor, music director, music teacher; also composer and other eminent musicians and singers </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Maestro collaboratore</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>collaborating master</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Assistant conductor </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Maestro sostituto</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>substitute/deputy master</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Assistant conductor </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b>Maestro suggeritore</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>master suggester/prompter</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">Prompter </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ddffdd"><b><a href="/wiki/Stagione" title="Stagione">Stagione</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><i>season</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdddd">A variety of formal organisation of players and crew in the staging of operas </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical terminology">Musical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">Sheet music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNuccio" class="citation web cs1">Nuccio, Giovanni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.happylanguages.co.uk/italian-language-music/">"Why Is Italian the Language of Music?"</a>. <i>Happy Languages</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Happy+Languages&rft.atitle=Why+Is+Italian+the+Language+of+Music%3F&rft.aulast=Nuccio&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.happylanguages.co.uk%2Fitalian-language-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Italian+musical+terms+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i>, 782 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5">0-19-869164-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.8notes.com/glossary/">8notes glossary</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_slang_words" title="List of South African slang words">South African</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Afrikaans_origin" title="List of English words of Afrikaans origin">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Zulu_origin" title="List of English words of Zulu origin">Zulu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_from_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin" title="List of English words of Arabic origin">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">star names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Chinese_origin" title="List of English words of Chinese origin">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hebrew_origin" title="List of English words of Hebrew origin">Hebrew</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indian_origin" title="List of English words of Indian origin">India</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dravidian_origin" title="List of English words of Dravidian origin">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sanskrit_origin" title="List of English words of Sanskrit origin">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indonesian_origin" title="List of English words of Indonesian origin">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Korean_origin" title="List of English words of Korean origin">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Malay_origin" title="List of English words of Malay origin">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Persian_origin" title="List of English words of Persian origin">Persian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Philippine_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Philippine origin">Philippines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Turkic_origin" title="List of English words of Turkic origin">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin" title="List of English words of Etruscan origin">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Greek_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Greek origin">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">morphemes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romani_origin" title="List of English words of Romani origin">Romani</a></li> <li>Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Czech_origin" title="List of English words of Czech origin">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polish_origin" title="List of English words of Polish origin">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Russian_origin" title="List of English words of Russian origin">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Ukrainian_origin" title="List of English words of Ukrainian origin">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uralic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Finnish_origin" title="List of English words of Finnish origin">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hungarian_origin" title="List of English words of Hungarian origin">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sami_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Sami origin">Sami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of English words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin" title="List of English words of Irish origin">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scottish_Gaelic_origin" title="List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin" title="List of English words of Welsh origin">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of English words of Dutch origin">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of place names of Dutch origin">place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_places_with_Dutch_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian places with Dutch names">Australia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-German_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-German words adapted to English">pseudo-German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Norwegian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Norwegian origin">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scots_origin" title="List of English words of Scots origin">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Swedish_origin" title="List of English words of Swedish origin">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="List of English words of French origin">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_expressions_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French expressions in English">expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_dual_French_and_Anglo-Saxon_variations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations">with Anglo-Saxon variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-French_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-French words adapted to English">pseudo-French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Italian_origin" title="List of English words of Italian origin">Italian</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">musical terms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Latin_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Latin origin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="List of English words of Portuguese origin">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romanian_origin" title="List of English words of Romanian origin">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Spanish_origin" title="List of English words of Spanish origin">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Australian_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin">Australian aboriginal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hawaiian_origin" title="List of English words of Hawaiian origin">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_M%C4%81ori_origin" title="List of English words of Māori origin">Māori</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polynesian_origin" title="List of English words of Polynesian origin">Polynesian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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