CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Frontiers | Science news in category</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://js-agent.newrelic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://graphql.contentful.com" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://images.ctfassets.net"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#0C4DED"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://js-agent.newrelic.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://graphql.contentful.com"> <script type="text/javascript" data-h-4cd079c="">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"598a124f17","applicationID":"575163483","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":2.81175,"transactionName":"MQcDMkECCkNSW0YMWghNLwlBDgVcWkJXAWAUC05M","queueTime":0,"ttGuid":"a57761be3e244a03"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"594441469",accountID:"230385",trustKey:"230385",xpid:"VgUHUl5WGwYHUVBUBAUPVQ==",licenseKey:"598a124f17",applicationID:"575163483"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/news/manifest.json"> <meta property="description" name="description" content="List of posts in category Future tech"> <meta property="og:title" name="title" content="Frontiers | Science news in category"> <meta property="og:description" name="description" content="List of posts in category Future tech"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta property="og:image" name="image" content="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/26661/20157d88cd60cc16a1451549e62a358d/frontiers-science-open-access-publishing-news.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" name="site_name" content="Frontiers Science News"> <meta property="twitter:card" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#listItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/","name":"Home","description":"The latest science & research news from Frontiers - Publishing the most cited open-access journals in their fields","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/"},"nextItem":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/#listItem"},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/#listItem","position":2,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/","name":"future-tech","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/"},"previousItem":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#listItem"}]},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/#collectionpage","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/","name":"Frontiers | Science news - future-tech","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/future-tech/#breadcrumblist"}},{"@type":"Blog","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#blog","name":"Frontiers | Science news","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#website","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/","name":"Frontiers | Science news","description":"The latest science & research news from Frontiers - Publishing the most cited open-access journals in their fields","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#organization"}}]}</script><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.127103e1.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.b2b301e9.css"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-sass.64510702.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/cookie-es.506ebd10.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ohash.6842ea93.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vue.2a521ddb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ofetch.b511980e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ufo.ba113514.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/unctx.4e309ce5.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.99024c0f.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.2287658d.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/gsap.b84ed0d6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_contentful.f4c0d42c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/devalue.0dcc4659.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/h3.57cb0615.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/vue-router.248c97d2.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/nuxt-site-config.3ed1cca8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/site-config-stack.701c81be.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_pinia.1839059c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/pinia.a595c1d8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_unhead.2c7d2ae0.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/unhead.b632aca6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/hookable.b48d7128.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_nuxtjs.8a9773c3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/destr.d0012d9a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_apollo.21f4f5bf.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/tslib.6b3e70e8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/zen-observable-ts.11549e90.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/optimism.c9e2dc1a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_wry.5791a431.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ts-invariant.576aab84.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql.c449efb6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/symbol-observable.5b970fa9.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql-ws.bed06eee.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vite-pwa.77a33210.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/defu.dd83855a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/default.29dcb8f0.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/postsRss.a4d2d98b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/nuxt-multi-cache.ad95c8b0.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/consola.0ce993d3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/object-hash.e30412e8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql-tag.c55e96fc.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/cross-fetch.0ef14609.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_category_.1578421f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/PostListPage.b61cf276.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.vue.afb3843f.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.957f0725.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/BriefPost.vue.a789f9b5.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/BriefPost.9af0c3db.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vueuse.ca24d6e5.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/LayoutAside.vue.d8e7f542.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/NewsSearchBar.vue.e90b9aa3.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/NewsSearchBar.374d438d.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.vue.84d9e849.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.10c62091.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/CategoryCloud.bc3d7442.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/categoryToLink.f6ee6926.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePost.mapper.f48ec758.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersImage.mapper.1385bf7f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/google-structure-data.1719ce0c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/BriefPost.1f12b8e2.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/LayoutAside.2b3d3a37.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.2d57d2c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/workbox-window.1e1a3f8e.js"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.b2b301e9.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-sass.64510702.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.2287658d.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.957f0725.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/BriefPost.9af0c3db.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/NewsSearchBar.374d438d.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.10c62091.css"><style>.Layout__body h2[data-v-bf4865e3]:first-child{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Author+h2[data-v-bf4865e3]{margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author+h2[data-v-bf4865e3]{margin-top:24px}}.SearchBar__wrapper--author[data-v-bf4865e3]{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.SearchBar__wrapper--author[data-v-bf4865e3]{display:block;margin-bottom:40px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.SearchBar__wrapper--author[data-v-bf4865e3]{margin-bottom:24px}} </style><style>.BriefPost__imgLink{display:flex;gap:var(--layout-gap);justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__imgLink{margin-bottom:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.BriefPost__imgLink{flex-direction:column}}.BriefPost__img{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--grey40);box-sizing:border-box;flex-shrink:0;height:var(--layout-col-2);overflow:hidden;width:var(--layout-col-2)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__img{height:var(--layout-col-3);width:var(--layout-col-3)}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.BriefPost__img{height:var(--layout-col-2);width:var(--layout-col-2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.BriefPost__img{aspect-ratio:21/9;height:auto;width:100%}}.BriefPost__img figcaption{display:none}.BriefPost__info{flex:1}.BriefPost__pretitle{color:#282828;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px}.BriefPost__category{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.0625rem;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__category{font-size:.625rem;line-height:.875rem}}.BriefPost__date{border-left:1px solid var(--grey60);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.0625rem;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__date{font-size:.625rem;line-height:.875rem}}.BriefPost__title{color:#282828;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75rem;margin-bottom:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__title{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}.BriefPost__description{-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-moz-line-clamp:3;color:#545454;display:-webkit-box;font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.BriefPost__description{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.BriefPost a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.highlighted{background-color:var(--blue5)} </style><style>.AsidePosts{display:flex;margin-bottom:24px}.AsidePosts__image{aspect-ratio:1;margin-right:16px;width:80px}.AsidePosts__image .FrontiersImage img{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--grey40);box-sizing:border-box}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.AsidePosts__image{width:56px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.AsidePosts__image{width:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}.AsidePosts__image figcaption{display:none}.AsidePosts__title{font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.375rem} </style><style>.Button[data-v-f32c710a]{--color-button:#545454;margin:16px 0} </style><style>@font-face{font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/FrontiersIconography.woff2) format("woff2")} </style><style>@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans300.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans500.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans700.woff2) format("woff2")} </style><style>@keyframes rotate{0%{transform:rotate(0)}to{transform:rotate(3turn)}}@keyframes bounce{0%{transform:translateY(0)}to{transform:translateY(5px)}}@keyframes sk-bounce{0%,to{transform:scale(0)}50%{transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes pulse{0%{opacity:1;transform:scale(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes shake{0%,to{transform:translateZ(0)}10%,30%,50%,70%,90%{transform:translate3d(-10px,0,0)}20%,40%,60%,80%{transform:translate3d(10px,0,0)}}@keyframes loading{0%{stroke-dashoffset:140px;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0);transform-origin:50%}50%{stroke-dashoffset:70px}to{stroke-dashoffset:0;transform:rotate(270deg) translate(0);transform-origin:50%}}@keyframes color-load{0%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}10%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}20%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}30%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}40%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}50%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}60%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}70%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}80%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}90%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}to{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}}@keyframes draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}:root{--blue90:#001959;--blue80:#001991;--blue70:#0024b0;--blue60:#002fca;--blue55:#0035d4;--blue50:#003bde;--blue40:#0c4ded;--blue30:#3673f7;--blue20:#6d9efd;--blue10:#aecbff;--blue5:#cee1ff;--blue0:#eef5ff;--sky90:#064b80;--sky80:#015b98;--sky70:#006eaf;--sky60:#0081c2;--sky55:#0089c9;--sky50:#0092d1;--sky40:#00a0dc;--sky30:#2bb1e8;--sky20:#61c4f1;--sky10:#9fdaf8;--sky5:#c8e9fb;--sky0:#f3faff;--teal90:#264543;--teal80:#256662;--teal70:#18867d;--teal60:#00a091;--teal55:#0aae9c;--teal50:#15bca8;--teal40:#31d1bb;--teal30:#53e2cc;--teal20:#7aeedb;--teal10:#a5f7e8;--teal5:#c6fbf1;--teal0:#e8fffb;--red90:#59001e;--red80:#7d0022;--red70:#9f0223;--red60:#bd0b25;--red55:#c91329;--red50:#d51a2c;--red40:#e7323b;--red30:#f2575d;--red20:#fa8589;--red10:#feb9bb;--red5:#ffd6d7;--red0:#fff3f3;--orange90:#591804;--orange80:#822907;--orange70:#a93f0c;--orange60:#bb4107;--orange55:#d14900;--orange50:#e56000;--orange40:#ff8b33;--orange30:#ffb062;--orange20:#ffcb8d;--orange10:#ffe4be;--orange5:#ffedd5;--orange0:#fff6ec;--purple90:#1d1359;--purple80:#2d1d7f;--purple70:#402ba3;--purple60:#553cc2;--purple55:#6046cf;--purple50:#6c51dc;--purple40:#856df0;--purple30:#a589fa;--purple20:#c6acff;--purple10:#e4d3ff;--purple5:#efe4ff;--purple0:#f9f5ff;--green90:#1b5958;--green80:#216958;--green70:#287753;--green60:#2c8147;--green55:#338e3c;--green50:#459d3a;--green40:#54c247;--green30:#74d56d;--green20:#96e392;--green10:#bdf0bc;--green5:#e5fae5;--green0:#f6fff7;--cyan90:#004659;--cyan80:#04586d;--cyan70:#01697e;--cyan60:#04798b;--cyan55:#058899;--cyan50:#1898a4;--cyan40:#20bbc5;--cyan30:#42d6e0;--cyan20:#80e7ed;--cyan10:#b8f2f5;--cyan5:#d3f8fa;--cyan0:#eefeff;--grey90:#282828;--grey80:#545454;--grey70:#6b6b6b;--grey65:#878787;--grey60:#a2a2a2;--grey50:#bfbfbf;--grey40:#d5d5d5;--grey30:#e6e6e6;--grey20:#f0f0f0;--grey10:#f7f7f7;--grey5:#f8f8f8;--grey0:#fff;--black:#282828;--white:#fff}:root,[theme=blue]{--maincolor90:var(--blue90);--maincolor80:var(--blue80);--maincolor70:var(--blue70);--maincolor60:var(--blue60);--maincolor55:var(--blue55);--maincolor50:var(--blue50);--maincolor40:var(--blue40);--maincolor30:var(--blue30);--maincolor20:var(--blue20);--maincolor10:var(--blue10);--maincolor5:var(--blue5);--maincolor0:var(--blue0)}[theme=red]{--maincolor90:var(--red90);--maincolor80:var(--red80);--maincolor70:var(--red70);--maincolor60:var(--red60);--maincolor55:var(--red55);--maincolor50:var(--red50);--maincolor40:var(--red40);--maincolor30:var(--red30);--maincolor20:var(--red20);--maincolor10:var(--red10);--maincolor5:var(--red5);--maincolor0:var(--red0)}[theme=orange]{--maincolor90:var(--orange90);--maincolor80:var(--orange80);--maincolor70:var(--orange70);--maincolor60:var(--orange60);--maincolor55:var(--orange55);--maincolor50:var(--orange50);--maincolor40:var(--orange40);--maincolor30:var(--orange30);--maincolor20:var(--orange20);--maincolor10:var(--orange10);--maincolor5:var(--orange5);--maincolor0:var(--orange0)}[theme=purple]{--maincolor90:var(--purple90);--maincolor80:var(--purple80);--maincolor70:var(--purple70);--maincolor60:var(--purple60);--maincolor55:var(--purple55);--maincolor50:var(--purple50);--maincolor40:var(--purple40);--maincolor30:var(--purple30);--maincolor20:var(--purple20);--maincolor10:var(--purple10);--maincolor5:var(--purple5);--maincolor0:var(--purple0)}[theme=green]{--maincolor90:var(--green90);--maincolor80:var(--green80);--maincolor70:var(--green70);--maincolor60:var(--green60);--maincolor55:var(--green55);--maincolor50:var(--green50);--maincolor40:var(--green40);--maincolor30:var(--green30);--maincolor20:var(--green20);--maincolor10:var(--green10);--maincolor5:var(--green5);--maincolor0:var(--green0)}[theme=cyan]{--maincolor90:var(--cyan90);--maincolor80:var(--cyan80);--maincolor70:var(--cyan70);--maincolor60:var(--cyan60);--maincolor55:var(--cyan55);--maincolor50:var(--cyan50);--maincolor40:var(--cyan40);--maincolor30:var(--cyan30);--maincolor20:var(--cyan20);--maincolor10:var(--cyan10);--maincolor5:var(--cyan5);--maincolor0:var(--cyan0)}[theme=sky]{--maincolor90:var(--sky90);--maincolor80:var(--sky80);--maincolor70:var(--sky70);--maincolor60:var(--sky60);--maincolor55:var(--sky55);--maincolor50:var(--sky50);--maincolor40:var(--sky40);--maincolor30:var(--sky30);--maincolor20:var(--sky20);--maincolor10:var(--sky10);--maincolor5:var(--sky5);--maincolor0:var(--sky0)}:root{--spacing-vertical-sm:48px;--spacing-vertical-l:64px;--spacing-vertical-xl:80px;--spacing-carousel:24px;--ibar-mix-height:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--spacing-vertical-sm:40px;--spacing-vertical-l:48px;--spacing-vertical-xl:64px;--ibar-height:48px;--ibar-mix-height:0}}:root{--layout-col-1:calc(4.16667vw - 33.33333px);--layout-col-2:calc(8.33333vw - 34.66667px);--layout-col-3:calc(12.5vw - 36px);--layout-col-4:calc(16.66667vw - 37.33333px);--layout-col-5:calc(20.83333vw - 38.66667px);--layout-col-6:calc(25vw - 40px);--layout-col-7:calc(29.16667vw - 41.33333px);--layout-col-8:calc(33.33333vw - 42.66667px);--layout-col-9:calc(37.5vw - 44px);--layout-col-10:calc(41.66667vw - 45.33333px);--layout-col-11:calc(45.83333vw - 46.66667px);--layout-col-12:calc(50vw - 48px);--layout-col-13:calc(54.16667vw - 49.33333px);--layout-col-14:calc(58.33333vw - 50.66667px);--layout-col-15:calc(62.5vw - 52px);--layout-col-16:calc(66.66667vw - 53.33333px);--layout-col-17:calc(70.83333vw - 54.66667px);--layout-col-18:calc(75vw - 56px);--layout-col-19:calc(79.16667vw - 57.33333px);--layout-col-20:calc(83.33333vw - 58.66667px);--layout-col-21:calc(87.5vw - 60px);--layout-col-22:calc(91.66667vw - 61.33333px);--layout-col-23:calc(95.83333vw - 62.66667px);--layout-col-24:calc(100vw - 64px);--layout-gap:32px;--layout-margin-extra-gap:8px;--ibar-height:64px;--layout-max-width-px:1920;--layout-max-width:1890px}@media only screen and (min-width:1921px){:root{--layout-col-1:45.41667px;--layout-col-1:46.66667px;--layout-col-2:125.33333px;--layout-col-3:204px;--layout-col-4:282.66667px;--layout-col-5:361.33333px;--layout-col-6:440px;--layout-col-7:518.66667px;--layout-col-8:597.33333px;--layout-col-9:676px;--layout-col-10:754.66667px;--layout-col-11:833.33333px;--layout-col-12:912px;--layout-col-13:990.66667px;--layout-col-14:1069.33333px;--layout-col-15:1148px;--layout-col-16:1226.66667px;--layout-col-17:1305.33333px;--layout-col-18:1384px;--layout-col-19:1462.66667px;--layout-col-20:1541.33333px;--layout-col-21:1620px;--layout-col-22:1698.66667px;--layout-col-23:1777.33333px;--layout-col-24:1856px;--layout-gap:32px;--layout-margin-extra-gap:0px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(4.16667vw - 16.66667px);--layout-col-2:calc(8.33333vw - 17.33333px);--layout-col-3:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-4:calc(16.66667vw - 18.66667px);--layout-col-5:calc(20.83333vw - 19.33333px);--layout-col-6:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-7:calc(29.16667vw - 20.66667px);--layout-col-8:calc(33.33333vw - 21.33333px);--layout-col-9:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-10:calc(41.66667vw - 22.66667px);--layout-col-11:calc(45.83333vw - 23.33333px);--layout-col-12:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-13:calc(54.16667vw - 24.66667px);--layout-col-14:calc(58.33333vw - 25.33333px);--layout-col-15:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-16:calc(66.66667vw - 26.66667px);--layout-col-17:calc(70.83333vw - 27.33333px);--layout-col-18:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-19:calc(79.16667vw - 28.66667px);--layout-col-20:calc(83.33333vw - 29.33333px);--layout-col-21:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-22:calc(91.66667vw - 30.66667px);--layout-col-23:calc(95.83333vw - 31.33333px);--layout-col-24:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px;--ibar-height:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(6.25vw - 17px);--layout-col-2:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-3:calc(18.75vw - 19px);--layout-col-4:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-5:calc(31.25vw - 21px);--layout-col-6:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-7:calc(43.75vw - 23px);--layout-col-8:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-9:calc(56.25vw - 25px);--layout-col-10:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-11:calc(68.75vw - 27px);--layout-col-12:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-13:calc(81.25vw - 29px);--layout-col-14:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-15:calc(93.75vw - 31px);--layout-col-16:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-2:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-3:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-4:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-5:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-6:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-7:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-8:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px}}a,a:active,a:hover{text-decoration:none}*{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}:focus{outline:none}ul{list-style:none}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0}input,textarea{font-family:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-Button,input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-Button{-webkit-appearance:none;margin:0}input[type=number]{-moz-appearance:textfield}input::-ms-clear{display:none}a,a:active{color:inherit}body{overflow-x:hidden}body,html{color:var(--black);font-family:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin:0;padding:0}.l-spacer{flex-grow:1}.is-disabled{opacity:.5;pointer-events:none}.is-hidden{display:none}.is-visible{display:block}.is-inside-mask{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}h1:not([class]){font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:3.5rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h1:not([class]){font-size:2rem;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h1:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.4375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){h1:not([class]){font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}.Heading--h1,h1:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1,h1:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}}.Heading--h1+.Heading--h2,.Heading--h1+h2:not([class]),h1:not([class])+.Heading--h2,h1:not([class])+h2:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1+.Heading--h2,.Heading--h1+h2:not([class]),h1:not([class])+.Heading--h2,h1:not([class])+h2:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h1+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),.Heading--h1+p,h1:not([class])+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),h1:not([class])+p{margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),.Heading--h1+p,h1:not([class])+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),h1:not([class])+p{margin-top:24px}}h2:not([class]){font-size:2rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.4375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h2,h2:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Heading--h2+.Heading--h3,.Heading--h2+h3:not([class]),h2:not([class])+.Heading--h3,h2:not([class])+h3:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h2+.Heading--h3,.Heading--h2+h3:not([class]),h2:not([class])+.Heading--h3,h2:not([class])+h3:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h2+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),.Heading--h2+p,h2:not([class])+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),h2:not([class])+p{margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h2+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),.Heading--h2+p,h2:not([class])+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),h2:not([class])+p{margin-top:24px}}h3:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.4375rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h3:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h3:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h3,h3:not([class]){margin-top:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3,h3:not([class]){margin-top:48px}}.Heading--h3+.Heading--h4,.Heading--h3+h4:not([class]),h3:not([class])+.Heading--h4,h3:not([class])+h4:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3+.Heading--h4,.Heading--h3+h4:not([class]),h3:not([class])+.Heading--h4,h3:not([class])+h4:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h3+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),.Heading--h3+p,h3:not([class])+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),h3:not([class])+p{margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),.Heading--h3+p,h3:not([class])+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),h3:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}}h4:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.4375rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h4:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h4:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h4,h4:not([class]){margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4,h4:not([class]){margin-top:24px}}.Heading--h4+.Heading--h5,.Heading--h4+h5:not([class]),h4:not([class])+.Heading--h5,h4:not([class])+h5:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4+.Heading--h5,.Heading--h4+h5:not([class]),h4:not([class])+.Heading--h5,h4:not([class])+h5:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h4+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),.Heading--h4+p,h4:not([class])+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),h4:not([class])+p{margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),.Heading--h4+p,h4:not([class])+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),h4:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}}h5:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h5:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h5:not([class]){font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}.Heading--h5,h5:not([class]){margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5,h5:not([class]){margin-top:24px}}.Heading--h5+.Heading--h6,.Heading--h5+h6:not([class]),h5:not([class])+.Heading--h6,h5:not([class])+h6:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5+.Heading--h6,.Heading--h5+h6:not([class]),h5:not([class])+.Heading--h6,h5:not([class])+h6:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h5+p,h5:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5+p,h5:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}}h6:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h6:not([class]){font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h6:not([class]){font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.Heading--h6,h6:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h6,h6:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h6+p,h6:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h6+p,h6:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}}.Heading h1,.Heading h2,.Heading h3,.Heading h4,.Heading h5,.Heading h6{margin:0}.Heading .Link__wrapper.Link__wrapper{margin-top:0}p:not([class]){margin-bottom:16px}ol:not([class]),p:not([class]),ul:not([class]){font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}ol:not([class]),ul:not([class]){margin:16px 0}ol:not([class]) li,ul:not([class]) li{font-weight:300}.Renderer__hyperlink{background:red;border:1px solid;color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-family:monospace;font-weight:700;margin:0 8px;padding:0 .25rem;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.Renderer__hyperlink:hover{color:var(--maincolor70)}.Renderer__hyperlink--Asset{border-color:var(--teal40)}.Renderer__hyperlink--Entry{border-color:var(--orange40)}.Renderer a:not(.Link){color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.Renderer a:not(.Link):hover{color:var(--maincolor70)}.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:300;line-height:3.5rem;text-align:center}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:2rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.4375rem}}.Renderer>[class^=Card]{margin-top:32px}.Renderer ul:not([class]){margin:16px 0}.Renderer ul:not([class]) li{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75rem;list-style:disc;margin-left:24px}.Renderer ul:not([class]) li p:not([class]):last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer ul:not([class]) li{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}}.Renderer p .Link{font-size:inherit}.Renderer .ImageComponent,.Renderer .Metrics,.Renderer .YoutubeVideo__wrapper{margin:32px auto}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .ImageComponent,.Renderer .Metrics,.Renderer .YoutubeVideo__wrapper{margin:24px auto}}.Renderer .Metrics{display:flex}.Renderer .Metrics__numbers__mask{padding-right:32px}.Renderer .Metrics+.Chart{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Renderer .TimeLine__goal,.Renderer .TimeLine__item,.Renderer .TimeLine__milestone__item{list-style:none}.Renderer .TimeLine p{margin-bottom:0}.Renderer .CardTeam p{padding:0}.Renderer .CardTeam p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.Renderer .Table+.Table{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait{text-align:left}.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:536px}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:458px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:405px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:568px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:472px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:none}}.Renderer .Link__wrapper.Renderer__entry--InLine{display:inline}.Renderer .Link__wrapper.Renderer__entry--Block{display:flex;justify-content:center}.Renderer .Link__wrapper .Link--flatButton{margin:32px auto}.Renderer .Bars,.Renderer .Columns,.Renderer .MultiChart,.Renderer .Percentiles{margin-top:32px}.Renderer .Bars .Bars,.Renderer .Columns .Bars,.Renderer .MultiChart .Bars,.Renderer .Percentiles .Bars{margin-top:0}.Renderer .Percentiles{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .MultiChart{grid:min-content/repeat(2,1fr)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .MultiChart{grid:min-content/repeat(1,1fr)}}.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-6) - var(--layout-gap))}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-7) - var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-7) - var(--layout-gap)*.5)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:var(--layout-col-8)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .Banner ul:not([class]) li{list-style:none}}.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(-16px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(-16px - var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl);padding:var(--spacing-vertical-xl) calc(var(--layout-col-10) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap) + 16px) var(--spacing-vertical-xl) calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap) + 16px)}@media only screen and (min-width:1921px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(-50vw + var(--layout-max-width)*.5 - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap)*2);margin-right:calc(-50vw + var(--layout-max-width)*.5 - var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap)*2);padding-left:calc(50vw - var(--layout-max-width)*.5 + var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap)*2);padding-right:calc(50vw - var(--layout-max-width)*.5 + var(--layout-col-10) + var(--layout-gap)*2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-8) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-8) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-1) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-1) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-1) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-1) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:var(--layout-gap);padding-right:var(--layout-gap)}}.Block--aboutFullWidth:last-child,.Block--aboutFullWidth:nth-last-child(2)+p:empty{margin-bottom:calc(0px - var(--spacing-vertical-xl))}.Block--aboutFullWidth .Heading{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p{font-weight:inherit;margin:0}button{-webkit-appearance:button;background:none;border:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-transform:none}button:hover{cursor:pointer}fieldset{border:0;margin:0;min-width:0;padding:0}figure{margin:0}:after:focus:not(:focus-visible),:before:focus:not(:focus-visible),:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.Button:not(.Button--linkButton):focus-visible,.Link:not(.Link--linkType):focus-visible,.MessagesCarousel__dots__item:focus-visible,[class^=Card]:focus-visible{outline-offset:-4px;position:relative;z-index:1}.Button:not(.Button--linkButton):focus-visible *,.Link:not(.Link--linkType):focus-visible *,.MessagesCarousel__dots__item:focus-visible *,[class^=Card]:focus-visible *{z-index:-1}:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible{outline:4px solid var(--sky50)}:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible+.RadioInputList__checkmark{outline:4px solid var(--sky50)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible+.RadioInputList__checkmark{outline:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible{outline:none}}.acc-hidden{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,:after,:before{animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}.BypassBlock__firstEl{display:none}.BypassBlock__wrapper{align-items:center;background-color:var(--grey10);display:flex;height:1px;left:-1000px;outline:none;overflow:hidden;padding:8px 40px;position:absolute;text-align:left;top:-1000px;width:1px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus{height:auto;left:0;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;z-index:99}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt{top:48px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__journal--mix,.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__main{top:47px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__journal{top:112px}.BypassBlock__button{background-color:var(--blue50);border-radius:32px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;line-height:1.2rem;padding:6px 16px}.BypassBlock__button,.TooltipD{color:var(--white);font-weight:500}.TooltipD{background:var(--black);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0 17px #2828281f,0 0 22px #28282814,0 0 8px #2828280a;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.0625rem;max-width:360px;opacity:0;padding:3px 8px;position:fixed;transition:opacity .24s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1);width:auto;z-index:2000}.TooltipD:after{bottom:-10px;color:var(--black);content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:16px;height:16px;position:absolute;right:calc(50% - 8px);width:16px}.TooltipD--bottom:after{bottom:auto;top:-10px;transform:rotate(180deg)}.TooltipD--right:after{right:12px}.TooltipD--left:after{left:12px;right:auto}.TooltipD--side.TooltipD--left:after{bottom:calc(50% - 8px);left:auto;right:-10px;transform:rotate(-90deg)}.TooltipD--side.TooltipD--right:after{bottom:calc(50% - 8px);left:-10px;right:auto;transform:rotate(90deg)}.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:40px;bottom:0;margin:0;opacity:0;position:fixed;right:var(--floating-element-margin);transition:opacity .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1),visibility .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1),bottom .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1);visibility:hidden;z-index:30}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:16px}}.FloatingDirectiveElement--visible{bottom:var(--floating-element-margin);opacity:1;visibility:visible}.FloatingDirectiveElement--left{left:var(--floating-element-margin);right:auto}.FloatingDirectiveElement--center{right:50%;transform:translate(50%)}.FloatingDirectiveElement--footerRelative{bottom:auto;position:absolute;top:calc(var(--floating-element-margin)*-1);transform:translateY(-100%)}.FloatingDirectiveElement--footerRelative.FloatingDirectiveElement--center{transform:translate(50%,-100%)}.Popover{--popover-offset:16px;--popover-arrow-offset:16px;--popover-translateX:0;--popover-translateY:0;background:var(--white);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 0 10px #2828281f,0 0 14px #28282814,0 0 5px #2828280a;opacity:1;padding:28px 16px 16px;position:absolute;transform:translate(var(--popover-translateX),var(--popover-translateY));width:320px;z-index:11}@media screen and (max-width:400px){.Popover{width:calc(100% - 32px)}}.Popover--top{--popover-translateY:calc(-100% - var(--popover-offset))}.Popover--bottom{--popover-translateY:var(--popover-offset)}.Popover--bottom.Popover--acenter,.Popover--top.Popover--acenter{--popover-translateX:-50%}.Popover--bottom.Popover--aright,.Popover--top.Popover--aright{--popover-translateX:-100%}.Popover--left{--popover-translateX:calc(-100% - var(--popover-offset))}.Popover--right{--popover-translateX:var(--popover-offset)}.Popover--left.Popover--acenter,.Popover--right.Popover--acenter{--popover-translateY:-50%}.Popover--left.Popover--abottom,.Popover--right.Popover--abottom{--popover-translateY:-100%}.Popover__arrow{align-items:center;background-color:inherit;display:flex;height:0;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;position:absolute;width:0}.Popover__arrow:before{background-color:inherit;content:"";flex:0 0 auto;height:8px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:8px}.Popover__arrow--topcenter{bottom:0;left:50%}.Popover__arrow--topleft{bottom:0;left:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--topright{bottom:0;right:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--bottomcenter{left:50%;top:0}.Popover__arrow--bottomleft{left:var(--popover-arrow-offset);top:0}.Popover__arrow--bottomright{right:var(--popover-arrow-offset);top:0}.Popover__arrow--leftcenter{right:0;top:50%}.Popover__arrow--lefttop{right:0;top:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--leftbottom{bottom:var(--popover-arrow-offset);right:0}.Popover__arrow--rightcenter{left:0;top:50%}.Popover__arrow--righttop{left:0;top:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--rightbottom{bottom:var(--popover-arrow-offset);left:0}.Popover__close{display:grid;height:24px;place-items:center;position:absolute;right:4px;top:4px;width:24px}.Popover__close:after{color:var(--grey80);content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:16px}.Popover__title{color:#282828;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.375rem}.Popover__content{color:#545454;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25rem;max-height:220px;overflow:auto}.Popover__content::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;background:var(--white);height:12px;width:12px}.Popover__content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:#28282866;border:4px solid var(--white);border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}@-moz-document url-prefix(){.Popover__content{scrollbar-width:thin}}.Popover__content p{color:#545454;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25rem}.Popover__content:last-child{margin-bottom:0}:root{--museo-font:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--ibar-bypass-offset:0px;font-size:16px} </style><style>:root{--ibar-protection-spacing:120px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--ibar-protection-spacing:48px}}body{background:#f7f7f7}.Layout{padding-top:var(--ibar-protection-spacing)}.Layout__body{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-vertical-xl);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:32px;width:var(--layout-col-20)}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Layout__body{width:var(--layout-col-14)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__body{width:var(--layout-col-8)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__body{margin-top:16px}}.Layout__body--mainAside{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__body--mainAside{flex-wrap:wrap}}.Layout__main{width:var(--layout-col-12)}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Layout__main{width:var(--layout-col-13)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main{width:100%}}.Layout__main .SearchBar__wrapper+h2{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Layout__main .QuickFilters{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .QuickFilters{margin-bottom:16px}}.Layout__main .QuickFilters__item{padding-top:0}.Layout__main .Breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .Breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:16px}}.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:0;margin-top:16px}}.Layout__section--sm{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Layout__section--xl{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Layout__section h2{margin-top:0}.Layout__aside{width:var(--layout-col-5)}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Layout__aside{width:var(--layout-col-6)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside{margin-top:64px;width:100%}}.Layout__aside__title{border-top:1px solid var(--grey40);color:#282828;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.375rem;margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:24px;padding-bottom:8px;padding-top:32px;position:relative}.Layout__aside__title:first-child{border-top:none;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.Layout__aside__title:after{background:var(--grey80);bottom:0;content:"";height:2px;left:0;position:absolute;width:48px}.Layout__aside .SearchBar{height:48px}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__wrapper{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside .SearchBar__wrapper{display:none}}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__input{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem;margin:0 0 0 8px;padding:0}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__hint{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.0625rem;margin-top:4px}.Layout__aside .SearchBar i{--icon-size:16px}.Layout__noData{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75rem;padding-left:32px;position:relative}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__noData{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;padding-left:24px}}.Layout__noData:before{content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:24px;left:0;position:absolute;top:1px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__noData:before{font-size:16px;top:0}}.Layout .CardDownload__Authors{flex:1} </style><style>#__nuxt{position:relative} </style><style>.ErrorPage[data-v-00ae9bcb]{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 auto;max-width:592px;padding:156px var(--layout-gap);width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage[data-v-00ae9bcb]{padding:120px var(--layout-gap)}}.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-00ae9bcb]{--error-icon-size:88px;height:var(--error-icon-size);position:relative;width:var(--error-icon-size)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-00ae9bcb]{--error-icon-size:64px}}.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-00ae9bcb]:after{background:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-size:var(--error-icon-size) var(--error-icon-size);content:"";height:var(--error-icon-size);left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:var(--error-icon-size)}.ErrorPage__icon--internal[data-v-00ae9bcb]:after{background:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)}.ErrorPage h1[data-v-00ae9bcb]{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:3.5rem;margin:32px 0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-00ae9bcb]{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-00ae9bcb]{margin:24px 0}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-00ae9bcb]{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}.ErrorPage p[data-v-00ae9bcb]{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}.ErrorPage>.Button[data-v-00ae9bcb],.ErrorPage>a[data-v-00ae9bcb]{display:block;margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage>.Button[data-v-00ae9bcb],.ErrorPage>a[data-v-00ae9bcb]{width:100%}}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-00ae9bcb]{color:#282828}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-00ae9bcb]:after{color:#282828;top:10px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-00ae9bcb]{padding:8px 24px;width:100%}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-00ae9bcb]:after{margin-left:8px;position:relative;right:0;top:0}}.ErrorPage *[data-v-00ae9bcb]{text-align:center} </style></head> <body ><div id="__nuxt"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Frontiers | Science News</h1><nav class="Ibar" sectionterm="Sections"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Top bar navigation</h1><div class="Ibar__main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper"><button class="Ibar__burger" aria-label="Open Menu" data-event="iBar-btn-openMenu"></button><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBar-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container" logoclass="Ibar__logo--mixed"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><div class="Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs" parent-data-event="iBar"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">About us</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals">All journals</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles">All articles</a><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBar-a-submit">Submit your research</a><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search" href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search"><span>Search</span></a><div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div><div><div class="Ibar__menu Ibar__menu--journal"><div class="Ibar__menu__header"><div class="Ibar__logo"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div></div><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Menu" data-event="iBarMenu-btn-closeMenu"></button></div><div class="Ibar__menu__wrapper"><div class="Ibar__menu__journal"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" data-event="iBarMenu-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarMenu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs" parent-data-event="iBarMenu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">About us</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals">All journals</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles">All articles</a><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBarMenu-a-submit">Submit your research</a></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarJournal"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--mix"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container" logoclass="Ibar__logo--mixed"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarJournal"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBarJournal-a-submit"><span>Submit</span><span> your research</span></a><a class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search" href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search"><span>Search</span></a><div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div></nav><div class="Layout" data-v-bf4865e3><h1 class="acc-hidden" data-v-bf4865e3>Science News post list</h1><div class="Layout__body Layout__body--mainAside" data-v-bf4865e3><main class="Layout__main" data-v-bf4865e3><ul class="Breadcrumbs" data-v-bf4865e3><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/" aria-label="Home" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_home" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text"><span class="Breadcrumbs__home"></span></a></li><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/news" aria-label="Science news" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_scienceNews" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text">Science news</a></li><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/news/category/future-tech" aria-label="Future tech" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_futureTech" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text">Future tech</a></li></ul><div class="SearchBar__wrapper" data-v-bf4865e3><div class="SearchBar"><i class="SearchBar__prependIcon"></i><input class="SearchBar__input" type="text" placeholder="Search news in Future tech" aria-describedby value></div><div id class="SearchBar__hint" role="alert">Type at least 3 characters</div></div><section data-v-bf4865e3><h2 data-v-bf4865e3>100 news posts in Future tech</h2><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2024/09/05/will-humans-accept-robots-that-lie-it-depends-frontiers-robotics-ai" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Will humans accept robots that can lie? Scientists find it depends on the lie"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>A human and an anthropomorphic robot shake hands.</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">05 Sep 2024</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Will humans accept robots that can lie? Scientists find it depends on the lie</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Scientists find that a lie that protects someone’s feelings is acceptable, but lies which misrepresent a robot’s abilities aren’t.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2024/07/10/auroras-earths-magnetic-field-infrastructure-damage" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Spectacular auroras are caused by head-on blows to Earth’s magnetic field that could damage critical infrastructure"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>An aurora seen from space.</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">10 Jul 2024</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Spectacular auroras are caused by head-on blows to Earth’s magnetic field that could damage critical infrastructure</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Scientists find that interplanetary shocks which strike Earth’s magnetic field head-on cause more powerful ground-level electric currents, threatening pipelines and submarine cables.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2024/03/20/machine-learning-predict-emotion" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Machine learning tools can predict emotion in voices in just over a second "><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>Image: Shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">20 Mar 2024</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Machine learning tools can predict emotion in voices in just over a second </h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Scientists showed that machine learning tools can identify emotions from audio fragments lasting just 1.5 seconds on par with human ratings</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2024/03/12/beer-byproduct-behind-marmite-could-help-us-recycle-metal-waste" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Beer byproduct behind Marmite could help us recycle metal waste"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>A robot installs a chip on a printed circuit board. Printed circuit boards and other electronics contain many different metals which are difficult to separate out for recycling purposes.</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">12 Mar 2024</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Beer byproduct behind Marmite could help us recycle metal waste</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Scientists use spent brewer’s yeast, left over from manufacturing beer, to filter out metal from waste streams.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2024/01/29/speaking-in-a-local-accent-might-make-social-robots-seem-more-trustworthy" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Speaking in a local accent might make social robots seem more trustworthy and competent"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>A child controls a red robot using a tablet.</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">29 Jan 2024</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Speaking in a local accent might make social robots seem more trustworthy and competent</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">People who speak the Berlin dialect trust social robots speaking the same dialect more than social robots speaking standard German.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/12/22/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Scientists develop ‘flying dragon’ robot to fight fires from a distance"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>The Dragon Firefighter in action</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">22 Dec 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Scientists develop ‘flying dragon’ robot to fight fires from a distance</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Researchers have developed the Dragon Firefighter, a flying firehose that can aid human firefighters to put out the most dangerous fires. Because the design is Open Science, researchers around the world can use these plans to build their own Dragon Firefighters. The authors expect that real-world applications will be possible within a decade.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/11/30/rice-husk-recycled-newspaper-insulation-future" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Rice husk and recycled newspaper may be the eco-friendly insulation material of the future"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">30 Nov 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Rice husk and recycled newspaper may be the eco-friendly insulation material of the future</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Researchers tested the suitability of a mix of rice husks and cellulose – materials commonly sent to landfills or garbage incineration plants – and found it had good thermal and mechanical properties, making it suitable to be used in a range of applications.</p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/11/03/wearable-devices-may-prevent-astronauts-getting-lost-in-space" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Wearable devices may prevent astronauts getting ‘lost’ in space"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">03 Nov 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Wearable devices may prevent astronauts getting ‘lost’ in space</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com Losing your sense of where you are can be fatal enough for aircraft pilots: spatial disorientation is a leading cause of fatal aircraft accidents. But losing your orientation in space itself is even more dangerous. Scientists have now developed wearable devices called vibrotactors that, combined with specialized training, improve people’s ability to fight spatial disorientation and could help astronauts correct themselves when their perceptions can no longer be relied upon. The sky is no longer the limit — but taking flight is dangerous. In leaving the Earth’s surface, we lose many of the cues we need to orient ourselves, and that spatial disorientation can be deadly. Astronauts normally need intensive training to protect against it. But scientists have now found that wearable devices which vibrate to give orientation cues may boost the efficacy of this training significantly, making spaceflight slightly safer. “Long duration spaceflight will cause many physiological and psychological stressors which will make astronauts very susceptible to spatial disorientation,” said Dr Vivekanand P. Vimal of Brandeis University in the United States, lead author of the article in Frontiers in Physiology. “When disoriented, an astronaut will no longer be able to rely […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/10/18/do-humans-get-lazier-when-robots-help-with-tasks" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Do humans get lazier when robots help with tasks?"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">18 Oct 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Do humans get lazier when robots help with tasks?</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com ‘Social loafing’ is a phenomenon which happens when members of a team start to put less effort in because they know others will cover for them. Scientists investigating whether this happens in teams which combine work by robots and humans found that humans carrying out quality assurance tasks spotted fewer errors when they had been told that robots had already checked a piece, suggesting they relied on the robots and paid less attention to the work. Now that improvements in technology mean that some robots work alongside humans, there is evidence that those humans have learned to see them as team-mates — and teamwork can have negative as well as positive effects on people’s performance. People sometimes relax, letting their colleagues do the work instead. This is called ‘social loafing’, and it’s common where people know their contribution won’t be noticed or they’ve acclimatized to another team member’s high performance. Scientists at the Technical University of Berlin investigated whether humans social loaf when they work with robots. “Teamwork is a mixed blessing,” said Dietlind Helene Cymek, first author of the study in Frontiers in Robotics and AI. “Working together can motivate people […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/08/10/microscope-ai-malaria" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post New high-tech microscope using AI successfully detects malaria in returning travelers"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image: Shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">10 Aug 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">New high-tech microscope using AI successfully detects malaria in returning travelers</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">By Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: Shutterstock.com Malaria is an infectious disease claiming more than half a million lives each year. Because traditional diagnosis takes expertise and the workload is high, an international team of researchers investigated if diagnosis using a new system combining an automatic scanning microscope and AI is feasible in clinical settings. They found that the system identified malaria parasites almost as accurately as experts staffing microscopes used in standard diagnostic procedures. This may help reduce the burden on microscopists and increase the feasible patient load. Each year, more than 200 million people fall sick with malaria and more than half a million of these infections lead to death. The World Health Organization recommends parasite-based diagnosis before starting treatment for the disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. There are various diagnostic methods, including conventional light microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and PCR. The standard for malaria diagnosis, however, remains manual light microscopy, during which a specialist examines blood films with a microscope to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. Yet, the accuracy of the results depends critically on the skills of the microscopist and can be hampered by fatigue caused by excessive workloads of the professionals doing the […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/07/14/scientists-knit-futuristic-eco-building-designs-using-fungal-networks" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Scientists knit futuristic eco-building designs using fungal networks"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image courtesy of the Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">14 Jul 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Scientists knit futuristic eco-building designs using fungal networks</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image courtesy of the Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment Scientists have developed mycocrete, a paste made with the root network of fungus called mycelium, as a building material. Injecting this into a knitted textile framework creates a composite material which is stronger and more versatile than previous biomaterials made of fungi and could eventually be used to construct lightweight buildings with low environmental impact. Scientists hoping to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry have developed a way to grow building materials using knitted molds and the root network of fungi. Although researchers have experimented with similar composites before, the shape and growth constraints of the organic material have made it hard to develop diverse applications that fulfil its potential. Using the knitted molds as a flexible framework or ‘formwork’, the scientists created a composite called ‘mycocrete’ which is stronger and more versatile in terms of shape and form, allowing the scientists to grow lightweight and relatively eco-friendly construction materials. “Our ambition is to transform the look, feel and wellbeing of architectural spaces using mycelium in combination with biobased materials such as wool, sawdust and cellulose,” said Dr Jane Scott […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/06/20/machine-learning-identify-hit-songs" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Machine learning helps researchers identify hit songs with 97% accuracy"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image: Shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">20 Jun 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Machine learning helps researchers identify hit songs with 97% accuracy</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">By Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: Shutterstock.com Predicting hit songs is notoriously difficult. Researchers have now applied machine learning (ML) to high-frequency neurophysiologic data to improve hit song prediction accuracy. They showed that if ML was applied to neural data collected while people listened to new music, hit songs could be predicted with close-to-perfect accuracy. This can open doors to providing consumers with the entertainment they are looking for, rather than flooding them with options. Every day, tens of thousands of songs are released. This constant stream of options makes it difficult for streaming services and radio stations to choose which songs to add to playlists. To find the ones that will resonate with a large audience, these services have used human listeners and artificial intelligence. This approach, however, lingering at a 50% accuracy rate, does not reliably predict if songs will become hits. Now, researchers in the US have used a comprehensive machine learning technique applied to brain responses and were able to predict hit songs with 97% accuracy. “By applying machine learning to neurophysiologic data, we could almost perfectly identify hit songs,” said Paul Zak, a professor at Claremont Graduate University and senior author of the study […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/06/08/diversity-inclusion-forefront-future-ai" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Why diversity and inclusion needs to be at the forefront of future AI"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image: shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">08 Jun 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Why diversity and inclusion needs to be at the forefront of future AI</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">by Inês Hipólito/Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: shutterstock.com Inês Hipólito is a highly accomplished researcher, recognized for her work in esteemed journals and contributions as a co-editor. She has received research awards including the prestigious Talent Grant from the University of Amsterdam in 2021. After her PhD, she held positions at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Currently, she is a permanent lecturer of the philosophy of AI at Macquarie University, focusing on cognitive development and the interplay between augmented cognition (AI) and the sociocultural environment. Inês co-leads a consortium project on ‘Exploring and Designing Urban Density. Neurourbanism as a Novel Approach in Global Health,’ funded by the Berlin University Alliance. She also serves as an ethicist of AI at Verses. Beyond her research, she co-founded and serves as vice-president of the International Society for the Philosophy of the Sciences of the Mind. Inês is the host of the thought-provoking podcast ‘The PhilospHER’s Way’ and has actively contributed to the Women in Philosophy Committee and the Committee in Diversity and Inclusivity at the Australasian Association of Philosophy from 2017 to 2020. As part of our Frontier Scientist series, Hipólito caught up with Frontiers to tell us […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/05/22/can-charismatic-robots-help-teams-be-more-creative" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Can charismatic robots help teams be more creative?"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Engineering</p><p class="BriefPost__date">22 May 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Can charismatic robots help teams be more creative?</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com Scientists found that students given a task by a social robot with a voice programmed to be engaging and inspiring performed better and were more creative than students who received the task from an identical robot with a flat voice. Increasingly, social robots are being used for support in educational contexts. But does the sound of a social robot affect how well they perform, especially when dealing with teams of humans? Teamwork is a key factor in human creativity, boosting collaboration and new ideas. Danish scientists set out to understand whether robots using a voice designed to sound charismatic would be more successful as team creativity facilitators. “We had a robot instruct teams of students in a creativity task. The robot either used a confident, passionate — ie charismatic — tone of voice or a normal, matter-of-fact tone of voice,” said Dr Kerstin Fischer of the University of Southern Denmark, corresponding author of the study in Frontiers in Communication. “We found that when the robot spoke in a charismatic speaking style, students’ ideas were more original and more elaborate.” Can a robot be charismatic? We know that social robots acting as facilitators […] </p></div></a></article><article class="BriefPost" data-v-bf4865e3><a href="/news/2023/05/10/virtual-reality-seminar-series-3" class="BriefPost__imgLink" aria-label="Go to post Frontiers in Virtual Reality Seminar Series 3: Fostering inclusion and social interaction in XR"><figure class="FrontiersImage BriefPost__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=396&h=170&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=76&h=76&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=108&h=108&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=70&h=70&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=84&h=84&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png?&w=124&h=124&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><div class="BriefPost__info"><div class="BriefPost__pretitle"><p class="BriefPost__category">Robotics and AI</p><p class="BriefPost__date">10 May 2023</p></div><h1 class="BriefPost__title">Frontiers in Virtual Reality Seminar Series 3: Fostering inclusion and social interaction in XR</h1><p class="BriefPost__description">Online Seminar Series Inclusion, accessibility, and social interaction in virtual and augmented reality environments is key to ensure the success of the deployment of this technology at a public scale. Although immersive environments offer fantastic opportunities for creativity, learning, and social interaction, there is a risk of abusive behavior and exclusion of people with special needs. The GuestXR European project embraces artificial intelligence, together with neuroscience and social psychology research to increase harmony and improve the participants’ experience in shared 3D virtual or augmented reality spaces. This seminar series, organized by Frontiers in Virtual Reality journal and partners from the GuestXR project, will start with a webinar on the features of an innovative XR technology for meeting with participants around the world. The series of online series will follow on with sessions on the research and advancements on haptic technologies and 3D audio techniques to support social interactions and inclusion in XR environments. Finally, we will delve into advanced multisensory features to improve accessibility to VR environments by publics with special needs. Speakers Bio: SeminarDate AbstractRegistration linkSEMINAR 1. A Shared XR System with Full Body Avatars and AI Agent Integration for Enhanced Inclusivity17 May 2023, 16.00h CESTIn this webinar, we will discuss an innovative […] </p></div></a></article><div class="Pagination" data-v-bf4865e3><div class="Pagination__wrapper"><button class="Pagination__btn Pagination__btn--prev"> Previous </button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">1</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">2</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">3</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">4</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">5</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">...</button><button class="Pagination__btnPage">7</button><button class="Pagination__btn Pagination__btn--next"> Next </button></div><div class="Pagination__footer">15 of 100 posts</div></div></section></main><aside class="Layout__aside" data-v-bf4865e3><h2 class="Layout__aside__title">Latest posts</h2><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Astronauts found to process some tasks slower in space, but no signs of permanent cognitive decline" href="/news/2024/11/20/astronauts-slower-space-no-permanent-cognitive-decline"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>Image: flickr/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, licensed under CC BY 2.0</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2024/11/20/astronauts-slower-space-no-permanent-cognitive-decline"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Astronauts found to process some tasks slower in space, but no signs of permanent cognitive decline</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Shaping the future: must-read Research Topic on children’s issues" href="/news/2024/11/19/must-read-research-topic-on-children-issues"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2024/11/19/must-read-research-topic-on-children-issues"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Shaping the future: must-read Research Topic on children’s issues</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Migrating birds have stowaway passengers: invasive ticks could spread novel diseases around the world" href="/news/2024/11/18/migrating-birds-stowaway-invasive-ticks-novel-diseases-frontiers-cellular-infection-microbiology"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>A tick sits on a blade of grass.</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2024/11/18/migrating-birds-stowaway-invasive-ticks-novel-diseases-frontiers-cellular-infection-microbiology"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Migrating birds have stowaway passengers: invasive ticks could spread novel diseases around the world</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Ioly Kotta-Loizou – The role of mycoviruses for the future of disease in medicine and agriculture" href="/news/2024/11/18/ioly-kotta-loizou-the-role-of-mycoviruses-for-the-future-of-disease-in"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture><figcaption>Photo credit: Ioly Kotta-Loizou</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2024/11/18/ioly-kotta-loizou-the-role-of-mycoviruses-for-the-future-of-disease-in"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Ioly Kotta-Loizou – The role of mycoviruses for the future of disease in medicine and agriculture</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Students who use dating apps take more risks with their sexual health" href="/news/2024/11/15/students-dating-apps-more-risks-sexual-health"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="eager"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2024/11/15/students-dating-apps-more-risks-sexual-health"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Students who use dating apps take more risks with their sexual health</h3></a></div><h2 class="Layout__aside__title">Categories</h2><div class="TagCloud" data-v-f32c710a><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/climate-action">Climate action</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/earth-science">Earth science</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/ebooks">eBooks</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/engineering">Engineering</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/environment">Environment</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/featured-news">Featured news</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements">Frontiers news</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/health">Health</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/humanities">Humanities</a></h3><h3 class="TagCloud__tag"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis">Impact analysis</a></h3></div><button type="button" class="Button Button--linkButton Button--grey Button--medium" data-event="btn-action" data-v-f32c710a><span>View all categories</span></button></aside></div></div><section class="Newsletter"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Newsletter</h1><div class="Newsletter__signup"><div class="Newsletter__heading"><p class="Newsletter__title">Get the latest research updates, subscribe to our newsletter</p></div><div class="FormContainer FormContainer--blue"><form class="Newsletter__form"><fieldset class="Newsletter__fieldset"><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberFirstName" class="Input__label">Name</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberFirstName" type="text" value></div></div><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberLastName" class="Input__label">Last name</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberLastName" type="text" value></div></div><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberEmail" class="Input__label">E-mail</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberEmail" type="text" value></div></div></fieldset><button type="submit" class="Button Button--blue40 Button--medium" data-event="newsletter-btn-subscribe"><span>Subscribe</span></button></form></div></div><input type="hidden" value></section><footer class="Footer"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Footer</h1><div class="Footer__wrapper"><div class="Footer__sections"><ul class="Accordion"><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Guidelines</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_authorGuidelines">Author guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_editorGuidelines">Editor guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_policiesAndPublicationE">Policies and publication ethics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_feePolicy">Fee policy</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Explore</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_articles">Articles</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_researchTopics">Research Topics </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_howWePublish">How we publish</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Outreach</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForum">Frontiers Forum </a></li><li><a href="https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPolicyLabs">Frontiers Policy Labs </a></li><li><a href="https://kids.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForYoungMinds">Frontiers for Young Minds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPlanetPrize">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Connect</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_helpCenter">Help center</a></li><li><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_emailsAndAlerts">Emails and alerts </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_contactUs">Contact us </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_submit">Submit</a></li><li><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_careerOpportunities">Career opportunities</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="Footer__socialLinks"><div class="Footer__socialLinks__title">Follow us</div><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--facebook Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--twitter Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/frontiersin" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--linkedin Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--instagram Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="Footer__copyright"><div><span>© 2024 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved</span></div><div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a><span>|</span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank">Terms and conditions</a></div></div></div></footer><noscript><iframe src="https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org/ns.html?id=GTM-55799X7&gtm_auth=wu4zNXypdxbpNvFCndDH_A&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden"> </iframe></noscript></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":876,"_errors":889,"serverRendered":85,"path":890,"pinia":891},{"footer":3,"ibar":104,"9nkmFSvTCF":202,"zzhSjsixmy":564,"_apollo:contentful":874,"_apollo:contentfulPreview":875},{"blocks":4,"socialLinks":76,"copyright":101,"termsAndConditionsUrl":102,"privacyPolicyUrl":103},[5,22,37,56],{"title":6,"links":7},"Guidelines",[8,13,16,19],{"text":9,"url":10,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Author guidelines","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines","_self",null,{"text":14,"url":15,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Editor guidelines","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines",{"text":17,"url":18,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Policies and publication ethics","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics",{"text":20,"url":21,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Fee policy","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy",{"title":23,"links":24},"Explore",[25,28,31,34],{"text":26,"url":27,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Articles","https://www.frontiersin.org/articles",{"text":29,"url":30,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Research Topics ","https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics",{"text":32,"url":33,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Journals","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals",{"text":35,"url":36,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"How we publish","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish",{"title":38,"links":39},"Outreach",[40,45,48,52],{"text":41,"url":42,"target":43,"ariaLabel":44},"Frontiers Forum ","https://forum.frontiersin.org/","_blank","Frontiers Forum website",{"text":46,"url":47,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Frontiers Policy Labs ","https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/",{"text":49,"url":50,"target":43,"ariaLabel":51},"Frontiers for Young Minds","https://kids.frontiersin.org/","Frontiers for Young Minds journal",{"text":53,"url":54,"target":43,"ariaLabel":55},"Frontiers Planet Prize","https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers Planet Prize website",{"title":57,"links":58},"Connect",[59,62,66,70,73],{"text":60,"url":61,"target":43,"ariaLabel":60},"Help center","https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org",{"text":63,"url":64,"target":43,"ariaLabel":65},"Emails and alerts ","https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers","Subscribe to Frontiers emails",{"text":67,"url":68,"target":11,"ariaLabel":69},"Contact us ","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact","Subscribe to newsletter",{"text":71,"url":72,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Submit","https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit",{"text":74,"url":75,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Career opportunities","https://careers.frontiersin.org/",[77,86,91,96],{"link":78,"type":81,"color":82,"icon":83,"size":84,"hiddenText":85},{"text":79,"url":80,"target":43,"ariaLabel":79},"Frontiers Facebook","https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin","Link","Grey","Facebook","Medium",true,{"link":87,"type":81,"color":82,"icon":90,"size":84,"hiddenText":85},{"text":88,"url":89,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Frontiers Twitter","https://twitter.com/frontiersin","Twitter",{"link":92,"type":81,"color":82,"icon":95,"size":84,"hiddenText":85},{"text":93,"url":94,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Frontiers LinkedIn","https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers","LinkedIn",{"link":97,"type":81,"color":82,"icon":100,"size":84,"hiddenText":85},{"text":98,"url":99,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Frontiers Instagram","https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_","Instagram","Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved","https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions","https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy",{"tenantLogo":105,"journalLogo":105,"aboutUs":106,"submitUrl":72,"showSubmitButton":85,"sectionTerm":186,"aboutJournal":187,"mainLinks":188,"journalLinks":193,"helpCenterLink":201},"",[107,122,134,151,166],{"title":108,"links":109},"Who we are",[110,113,116,119],{"text":111,"url":112,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Mission and values","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission",{"text":114,"url":115,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"History","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history",{"text":117,"url":118,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Leadership","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership",{"text":120,"url":121,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Awards","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards",{"title":123,"links":124},"Impact and progress",[125,128,131],{"text":126,"url":127,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Frontiers' impact","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact",{"text":129,"url":130,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Progress Report 2022","https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20",{"text":132,"url":133,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"All progress reports","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports",{"title":135,"links":136},"Publishing model",[137,138,141,142,145,148],{"text":35,"url":36,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},{"text":139,"url":140,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Open access","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access",{"text":20,"url":21,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},{"text":143,"url":144,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Peer review","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review",{"text":146,"url":147,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Research integrity","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity",{"text":149,"url":150,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Research Topics","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics",{"title":152,"links":153},"Services",[154,157,160,163],{"text":155,"url":156,"target":43,"ariaLabel":12},"Societies","https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/",{"text":158,"url":159,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"National consortia","https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia",{"text":161,"url":162,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Institutional partnerships","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements",{"text":164,"url":165,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Collaborators","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators",{"title":167,"links":168},"More from Frontiers",[169,172,173,177,181,183],{"text":170,"url":42,"target":43,"ariaLabel":171},"Frontiers Forum","this link will take you to the Frontiers Forum website",{"text":53,"url":54,"target":43,"ariaLabel":55},{"text":174,"url":175,"target":43,"ariaLabel":176},"Press office","https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers press office website",{"text":178,"url":179,"target":11,"ariaLabel":180},"Sustainability","https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability","link to information about Frontiers' sustainability",{"text":74,"url":75,"target":43,"ariaLabel":182},"this link will take you to the Frontiers careers website",{"text":184,"url":68,"target":11,"ariaLabel":185},"Contact us","this link will take you to the help pages to contact our support team","Sections",[],[189,191],{"text":190,"url":33,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"All journals",{"text":192,"url":27,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"All articles",[194,196,198],{"text":26,"url":195,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"articles",{"text":149,"url":197,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"research-topics",{"text":199,"url":200,"target":11,"ariaLabel":12},"Editorial board","editors",{"text":60,"url":61,"target":43,"ariaLabel":60},{"pageBlogPostCollection":203},{"total":204,"__typename":205,"items":206},2984,"PageBlogPostCollection",[207,242,260,291,311,335,364,398,420,436,457,479,495,519,535],{"sys":208,"__typename":211,"title":212,"slug":213,"excerpt":214,"publishedOn":215,"categoriesCollection":216,"tagsCollection":228,"featuredMedia":238},{"id":209,"__typename":210},"2T3CFJHbmkro55PEcbZUCP","Sys","PageBlogPost","Astronauts found to process some tasks slower in space, but no signs of permanent cognitive decline","astronauts-slower-space-no-permanent-cognitive-decline","Researchers found that astronauts’ processing speed, working memory, and attention slowed down, but a few months in space did not result in lasting cognitive impairment","2024-11-20T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":217,"items":218},"PageBlogPostCategoriesCollection",[219,224],{"sys":220,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},"4475884","Category","Featured news",{"sys":225,"__typename":222,"name":227},{"id":226,"__typename":210},"572975945","Space sciences and astronomy",{"__typename":229,"items":230},"PageBlogPostTagsCollection",[231,235],{"__typename":232,"name":233,"slug":234},"Tag","Frontiers in Physiology","frontiers-in-physiology",{"__typename":232,"name":236,"slug":237},"Space and beyond","space",{"__typename":239,"description":240,"url":241},"Asset","Image: flickr/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, licensed under CC BY 2.0","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/4xzMMtGtD1KFNDGkKqKRo3/9a0e3d293922aa737f15db3bc0feb57a/6377207601_8cb930ec4d_k.jpg",{"sys":243,"__typename":211,"title":245,"slug":246,"excerpt":247,"publishedOn":248,"tagsCollection":249,"categoriesCollection":253,"featuredMedia":258},{"id":244,"__typename":210},"6cYV6v5K1jVgjQz2C5VxoS","Shaping the future: must-read Research Topic on children’s issues","must-read-research-topic-on-children-issues","Research Topics exploring issues like the impact of parental mental health on kids, the effects of solitude in infancy, and patterns of internet use among children and adolescents.","2024-11-19T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":250},[251],{"__typename":232,"name":252,"slug":197},"Research topics",{"__typename":217,"items":254},[255],{"sys":256,"__typename":222,"name":149},{"id":257,"__typename":210},"270321",{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":259},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MHi2qGKQvAeEtTR5zevmD/d73881d34681985f474f84f0762bc641/Horizontal-Asian_happy_family_stay_home__grandmother_play_game_with_little_girl._Loving_senior_elder_older_woman_play_video_.png",{"sys":261,"__typename":211,"title":263,"slug":264,"excerpt":265,"publishedOn":266,"tagsCollection":267,"categoriesCollection":278,"featuredMedia":288},{"id":262,"__typename":210},"7L93xBpD11ITMyPvwFsmaT","Migrating birds have stowaway passengers: invasive ticks could spread novel diseases around the world","migrating-birds-stowaway-invasive-ticks-novel-diseases-frontiers-cellular-infection-microbiology","Ticks have always travelled on migrating birds — but the rising temperatures of the climate crisis mean they may now survive at their destination, and so could the pathogens they carry.","2024-11-18T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":268},[269,272,275],{"__typename":232,"name":270,"slug":271},"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","frontiers-in-cellular-and-infection-microbiology",{"__typename":232,"name":273,"slug":274},"Environment","environment",{"__typename":232,"name":276,"slug":277},"Health","health",{"__typename":217,"items":279},[280,282,285],{"sys":281,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":283,"__typename":222,"name":273},{"id":284,"__typename":210},"184",{"sys":286,"__typename":222,"name":276},{"id":287,"__typename":210},"337",{"__typename":239,"description":289,"url":290},"A tick sits on a blade of grass.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3wkT9F4F4neIMCj2rUCSJ4/078aeaaea8538f897bea47439f316363/Horizontal-Tick_hunts_sitting_on_the_grass.png",{"sys":292,"__typename":211,"title":294,"slug":295,"excerpt":296,"publishedOn":266,"categoriesCollection":297,"tagsCollection":303,"featuredMedia":308},{"id":293,"__typename":210},"2odiLouPobdiw1R2OLTqnm","Ioly Kotta-Loizou – The role of mycoviruses for the future of disease in medicine and agriculture","ioly-kotta-loizou-the-role-of-mycoviruses-for-the-future-of-disease-in","In honor of this year’s World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week (WAAW), Professor Ioly Kotta-Loizou discussed her research and experience in the field of mycovirology. Ioly is head of Crop Protection and Climate Change (CPCC), co-director of the Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management (CAFEM) research at the University of Hertfordshire, and an honorary lecturer at Imperial College London and the University of Manchester. Ioly also holds several editorial roles with Frontiers, including Associate Editor for Frontiers in Virology and Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. With over 15 years of experience in the field of molecular microbiology, Ioly's research is focused on viruses, bacteria, and fungi, with a particular interest in mycoviruses for the directed manipulation of fungi in remediation and biotechnology.",{"__typename":217,"items":298},[299],{"sys":300,"__typename":222,"name":302},{"id":301,"__typename":210},"550230236","Frontiers news",{"__typename":229,"items":304},[305],{"__typename":232,"name":306,"slug":307},"WomeninScience","womeninscience",{"__typename":239,"description":309,"url":310},"Photo credit: Ioly Kotta-Loizou","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2wKoKBGjC1JJ12JAVQECRY/63d48d053d23bcacf397fbe4c36eff7f/Ioly_Kotta-Loizou.jfif",{"sys":312,"__typename":211,"title":314,"slug":315,"excerpt":316,"publishedOn":317,"tagsCollection":318,"featuredMedia":327,"categoriesCollection":329},{"id":313,"__typename":210},"76MRarzgtyKTXjK6HT5U26","Students who use dating apps take more risks with their sexual health","students-dating-apps-more-risks-sexual-health","Researchers from the US looked for associations between the use of dating apps, sexual behavior, and a history of HIV/STIs among college students in North Texas. They showed that there was an association between risky sexual behavior and the use of dating apps. They propose that the two may be mutually reinforcing.","2024-11-15T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":319},[320,323,324],{"__typename":232,"name":321,"slug":322},"Frontiers in Public Health","frontiers-in-public-health",{"__typename":232,"name":276,"slug":277},{"__typename":232,"name":325,"slug":326},"Healthcare","healthcare",{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":328},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/36OmV9EmSsEswsDwl9xH2t/a99e984c4c95a2783b482ac5a15f3f64/frontiers-reproductive-health-dating-apps-sexual-health.png",{"__typename":217,"items":330},[331,333],{"sys":332,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":334,"__typename":222,"name":276},{"id":287,"__typename":210},{"sys":336,"__typename":211,"title":338,"slug":339,"excerpt":340,"publishedOn":341,"tagsCollection":342,"featuredMedia":353,"categoriesCollection":356},{"id":337,"__typename":210},"1Oh5soNFFyRKIg7ko6O5l7","Chlorine and cocoa butter could protect corals from disease and decrease antibiotic pollution of the oceans","chlorine-cocoa-butter-coral-disease-antibiotics","Researchers found that chlorine mixed with cocoa butter is effective at treating diseased corals, which could reduce negative side effects of antibiotic treatments on ocean ecosystems","2024-11-14T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":343},[344,347,350],{"__typename":232,"name":345,"slug":346},"Frontiers in Marine Science","frontiers-in-marine-science",{"__typename":232,"name":348,"slug":349},"Coral reefs","coral-reefs",{"__typename":232,"name":351,"slug":352},"Oceans","ocean",{"__typename":239,"description":354,"url":355},"The study’s co-authors Argel Horton and Laura Arton apply the chlorine paste to a large coral (Orbicella annularis). The bright white area is where the treatment has already been applied. Image: Dr Graham Forrester. ","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/CcSbo9VEUfgR2EdUDQO0i/5cb8cfc8f12561a92bea75c2e5a083fe/thumbnail_P1200432.jpg",{"__typename":217,"items":357},[358,360],{"sys":359,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":361,"__typename":222,"name":363},{"id":362,"__typename":210},"68358","Life sciences",{"sys":365,"__typename":211,"title":367,"slug":368,"excerpt":369,"publishedOn":370,"tagsCollection":371,"featuredMedia":387,"categoriesCollection":390},{"id":366,"__typename":210},"7lOua0F9519mqsYwJ60YJ","Consistent climate action can change the air we breathe: Here are five Frontiers articles you won’t want to miss","consistent-climate-action-change-air","At Frontiers, we bring some of the world’s best research to a global audience. But with tens of thousands of articles published each year, it’s impossible to cover all of them. Here are just five amazing papers you may have missed.","2024-11-07T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":372},[373,376,379,380,383,386],{"__typename":232,"name":374,"slug":375},"Frontiers Highlights","frontiers-highlights",{"__typename":232,"name":377,"slug":378},"Frontiers in Environmental Science","frontiers-in-environmental-science",{"__typename":232,"name":345,"slug":346},{"__typename":232,"name":381,"slug":382},"Frontiers in Conservation Science","frontiers-in-conservation-science",{"__typename":232,"name":384,"slug":385},"Frontiers in Plant Science","frontiers-in-plant-science",{"__typename":232,"name":321,"slug":322},{"__typename":239,"description":388,"url":389},"Image: Shutterstock","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/592AAtyFcljOY23dxzEIJb/dce4bb14b1fa1de3db866bdb0104fa68/Horizontal-Ariel_view_on_Manhattan._New_York._USA._Beautiful_background.png",{"__typename":217,"items":391},[392,394],{"sys":393,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":395,"__typename":222,"name":397},{"id":396,"__typename":210},"770576","Climate action",{"sys":399,"__typename":211,"title":401,"slug":402,"excerpt":403,"publishedOn":404,"tagsCollection":405,"featuredMedia":411,"categoriesCollection":414},{"id":400,"__typename":210},"3WTNh8fCtJtsEwKcnNRmi8","Scientists create a world-first 3D cell model to help develop treatments for devastating lip injuries ","3d-cell-model-lips-frontiers-cell-developmental-biology","Scientists have successfully immortalized lip cells, allowing new treatments for injuries and infections to be trialed on a clinically relevant lab-based model.","2024-11-04T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":406},[407,410],{"__typename":232,"name":408,"slug":409},"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","frontiers-in-cell-and-developmental-biology",{"__typename":232,"name":276,"slug":277},{"__typename":239,"description":412,"url":413},"Human cheek cells under a microscope.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/1qp3yUUFtxnp6wik8FN7KL/390d7d947ea4f2109043907f48e56aeb/Horizontal-Human_Cheek_Epithelial_Cells._The_tissue_that_lines_the_inside_of_the_mouth_is_known_as_the_basal_mucosa_and_is_c.png",{"__typename":217,"items":415},[416,418],{"sys":417,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":419,"__typename":222,"name":276},{"id":287,"__typename":210},{"sys":421,"__typename":211,"title":423,"slug":424,"excerpt":425,"publishedOn":426,"tagsCollection":427,"categoriesCollection":430,"featuredMedia":434},{"id":422,"__typename":210},"4dPMhDTAOtalPjzlZkStBY","Time to grow a mustache: five Research Topics exploring men-related issues","five-research-topics-exploring-men-related-issues","Research Topics on men's reproductive health, advancements in prostate cancer detection and treatment, and more.","2024-10-31T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":428},[429],{"__typename":232,"name":252,"slug":197},{"__typename":217,"items":431},[432],{"sys":433,"__typename":222,"name":149},{"id":257,"__typename":210},{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":435},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6qlzdDVanr8sCm3TbQbbvm/926c8375aba3a041b5abd2ebcf1e92b1/Horizontal-Setting_the_pace._Shot_of_a_group_of_young_men_running_a_marathon..png",{"sys":437,"__typename":211,"title":439,"slug":440,"excerpt":441,"publishedOn":426,"tagsCollection":442,"featuredMedia":448,"categoriesCollection":450},{"id":438,"__typename":210},"2XiNam3DaPM9ufs5j6Ui7V","Frontiers ebook releases: October 2024","frontiers-ebook-releases-october-2024","Download the top ebook releases from this month. All ebooks are free to download, share, and distribute.",{"__typename":229,"items":443},[444,447],{"__typename":232,"name":445,"slug":446},"eBooks","ebooks",{"__typename":232,"name":252,"slug":197},{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":449},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6lFDFJPjmMpj1kc0oIaeV0/f0f6dd6a02b4d46e34ac4eced98cb042/Horizontal-Men_using_artificial_intelligence_on_smart_phone_with_augmented_reality_application_for_recognizing_food.png",{"__typename":217,"items":451},[452,455],{"sys":453,"__typename":222,"name":445},{"id":454,"__typename":210},"6725",{"sys":456,"__typename":222,"name":149},{"id":257,"__typename":210},{"sys":458,"__typename":211,"title":460,"slug":461,"excerpt":462,"publishedOn":463,"tagsCollection":464,"categoriesCollection":470,"featuredMedia":476},{"id":459,"__typename":210},"2MajMteN5UESmJvDnh5nTc","Giant rats could soon fight illegal wildlife trade by sniffing out elephant tusk and rhino horn","giant-rats-fight-illegal-wildlife-trade","Researchers trained African giant pouched rats to detect illegally trafficked wildlife species and remember targets for several months","2024-10-30T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":465},[466,467],{"__typename":232,"name":381,"slug":382},{"__typename":232,"name":468,"slug":469},"Animals","animals",{"__typename":217,"items":471},[472,474],{"sys":473,"__typename":222,"name":363},{"id":362,"__typename":210},{"sys":475,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"__typename":239,"description":477,"url":478},"A new study shows that African giant pouched rats to detect illegally trafficked wildlife, even when it has been concealed among other substances. Image: APOPO","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SHPCWV9329sVM9XzmOR7A/7f2aebb845a4f3a6bba5926d04921cce/small_zoom_CAT_3990_APOPO_Wildlife_detection_2023_rats__Betty_Nandera_Kate_Fei-Toto.jpg",{"sys":480,"__typename":211,"title":482,"slug":483,"tagsCollection":484,"excerpt":486,"publishedOn":487,"categoriesCollection":488,"featuredMedia":493},{"id":481,"__typename":210},"3ANQEpyXwWaWpA1AtwXbKH","Open Access Week 2024: embracing community over commercialization with fully open access partnerships ","open-access-week-2024-embracing-community-over-commercialization-with-fully",{"items":485,"__typename":229},[],"As we celebrate Open Access Week 2024, the theme of \"Community over Commercialization\" resonates deeply within the evolving landscape of academic publishing. Librarians, as key players in the academic ecosystem, have a crucial role to play in driving this shift towards a more open and equitable future. ","2024-10-25T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":217,"items":489},[490],{"sys":491,"__typename":222,"name":161},{"id":492,"__typename":210},"743401393",{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":494},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/62lFoDqCHja8Rxvkb6acNN/944072e215732361029f398f6c472ddb/Horizontal-Three_young_multicultural_employees_laughing_at_working_meeting_in_office_during_discussion_of_new_ideas_or_point.png",{"sys":496,"__typename":211,"title":498,"slug":499,"excerpt":500,"publishedOn":501,"tagsCollection":502,"featuredMedia":510,"categoriesCollection":513},{"id":497,"__typename":210},"6nmUMGmNBBPCtDEpzwNU0v","Male flies with shorter eyestalks make up for being less attractive by fighting more fiercely ","selfish-gene-stalk-eyed-flies-fight-fiercely-frontiers-ethology","Male stalk-eyed flies with longer eyestalks are more attractive to females and more intimidating to males — but males with a genetic variant that causes shorter eyestalks are fiercer fighters.","2024-10-21T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":503},[504,507],{"__typename":232,"name":505,"slug":506},"Frontiers in Ethology","frontiers-in-ethology",{"__typename":232,"name":508,"slug":509},"Life Sciences","life-science",{"__typename":239,"description":511,"url":512},"Stalk-eyed flies fighting. Image by Gerald Wilkinson","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/22mW6sDqoJwTpxrDSrivCp/454173c708c32c6d2d03665ca2500065/DSC_0068__1_.jpeg",{"__typename":217,"items":514},[515,517],{"sys":516,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":518,"__typename":222,"name":363},{"id":362,"__typename":210},{"sys":520,"__typename":211,"title":522,"slug":523,"excerpt":524,"publishedOn":525,"tagsCollection":526,"categoriesCollection":529,"featuredMedia":533},{"id":521,"__typename":210},"6JHngaQu9ALNqTXqIaIL7e","Open Access Week: three Research Topics fueling solutions for complex global challenges","open-access-research-topics-fueling-solutions-for-complex-global-challenges","During Open Access Week, we highlight the work of researchers who break down silos and share knowledge openly. ","2024-10-18T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":527},[528],{"__typename":232,"name":252,"slug":197},{"__typename":217,"items":530},[531],{"sys":532,"__typename":222,"name":149},{"id":257,"__typename":210},{"__typename":239,"description":105,"url":534},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2MTy8REe6yPqi5Mn2gOKLJ/6a7bd76e068f795bf0d874be52e81f7e/Horizontal-Engineers_in_workshop_for_technology__innovative_sustainable_solutions.png",{"sys":536,"__typename":211,"title":538,"slug":539,"excerpt":540,"publishedOn":525,"tagsCollection":541,"featuredMedia":549,"categoriesCollection":552},{"id":537,"__typename":210},"19WKqn5WW4iQYw5MAbyfrx","Scientists create new overwintering sites for monarch butterflies on a warming planet ","scientists-create-new-overwintering-sites-for-monarch-butterflies-on-a","Migrating monarch butterflies depend on mountain forests of sacred firs in Mexico as overwintering sites. These forests are under threat from global warming. But researchers from Mexico have now shown that seedlings derived from their original range can be transplanted successfully to a new site further east, on the higher and colder volcano Nevado de Toluca. The resulting new stand of sacred firs could ultimately serve as the overwintering sites of the future. ",{"__typename":229,"items":542},[543,546],{"__typename":232,"name":544,"slug":545},"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","frontiers-in-forests-and-global-change",{"__typename":232,"name":547,"slug":548},"Biodiversity","biodiversity",{"__typename":239,"description":550,"url":551},"Planting Abies religiosa (Sacred fir) seedlings under the shade of pre-existing shrubs (Senecio cinerarioides, narrow green-greyish foliage) as protective “nurse plants”. Large trees on background are adult Pinus hartwegii, the pine that reaches the timberline. Abies religiosa is completely absent in this site at 3800 meters of elevation, northeaster slope of Nevado de Toluca volcano, central Mexico, because it is too high in elevation. Planters personnel are locals of Native Indian origin. Image credit: Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero, UMSNH","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3xNyCkpikuUjA0gyGuXqCz/f6d01ae028510f48faa1f55847df06a3/Figure_01_PlantingAt_3800m.JPG",{"__typename":217,"items":553},[554,556,560,562],{"sys":555,"__typename":222,"name":363},{"id":362,"__typename":210},{"sys":557,"__typename":222,"name":559},{"id":558,"__typename":210},"1OSmSvRjDp3XjnTATxuTzo","Frontiers updates",{"sys":561,"__typename":222,"name":223},{"id":221,"__typename":210},{"sys":563,"__typename":222,"name":397},{"id":396,"__typename":210},{"pageBlogPostCollection":565},{"total":566,"__typename":205,"items":567},100,[568,596,617,642,663,681,697,716,734,750,770,789,811,834,853],{"sys":569,"__typename":211,"title":571,"slug":572,"excerpt":573,"publishedOn":574,"tagsCollection":575,"featuredMedia":584,"categoriesCollection":587},{"id":570,"__typename":210},"6piUH8iDWEAP9Gy8OyXoAF","Will humans accept robots that can lie? Scientists find it depends on the lie","will-humans-accept-robots-that-lie-it-depends-frontiers-robotics-ai","Scientists find that a lie that protects someone’s feelings is acceptable, but lies which misrepresent a robot’s abilities aren’t.","2024-09-05T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":576},[577,580,583],{"__typename":232,"name":578,"slug":579},"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","frontiers-in-robotics-and-ai",{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},"Engineering","engineering",{"__typename":232,"name":578,"slug":579},{"__typename":239,"description":585,"url":586},"A human and an anthropomorphic robot shake hands.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/7rfzZCKG6IOBC7vlTrylJ0/524fecb68a3913d00fa18374965f5734/Horizontal-Robot_man_handshake.png",{"__typename":217,"items":588},[589,592],{"sys":590,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},"25393",{"sys":593,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},"4632379","Robotics and AI",{"sys":597,"__typename":211,"title":599,"slug":600,"excerpt":601,"publishedOn":602,"tagsCollection":603,"featuredMedia":610,"categoriesCollection":613},{"id":598,"__typename":210},"3GACPQ0grQwZ70ZtBJ4s64","Spectacular auroras are caused by head-on blows to Earth’s magnetic field that could damage critical infrastructure","auroras-earths-magnetic-field-infrastructure-damage","Scientists find that interplanetary shocks which strike Earth’s magnetic field head-on cause more powerful ground-level electric currents, threatening pipelines and submarine cables.","2024-07-10T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":604},[605,608,609],{"__typename":232,"name":606,"slug":607},"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","frontiers-in-astronomy-and-space-sciences",{"__typename":232,"name":236,"slug":237},{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":239,"description":611,"url":612},"An aurora seen from space.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6AriY4JbP97JlepHSqYgRw/2e038c65552a9788bbdaf536f28b4de1/Horizontal-Photography_of_aurora_beam_as_seen_from_space.png",{"__typename":217,"items":614},[615],{"sys":616,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":618,"__typename":211,"title":620,"slug":621,"excerpt":622,"publishedOn":623,"tagsCollection":624,"featuredMedia":635,"categoriesCollection":638},{"id":619,"__typename":210},"TP2ZrYCSjjfYwCmbpdj73","Machine learning tools can predict emotion in voices in just over a second ","machine-learning-predict-emotion","Scientists showed that machine learning tools can identify emotions from audio fragments lasting just 1.5 seconds on par with human ratings","2024-03-20T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":625},[626,629,632],{"__typename":232,"name":627,"slug":628},"Frontiers in Psychology","frontiers-in-psychology",{"__typename":232,"name":630,"slug":631},"Artificial intelligence","artificial-intelligence",{"__typename":232,"name":633,"slug":634},"Emotion","emotion",{"__typename":239,"description":636,"url":637},"Image: Shutterstock.com","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39xXt6fEGpJpuJJG90ZiqA/7310c6203e9fc94ca778ee6c03dcb8a5/Horizontal-Futuristic_dots_pattern_on_dark_background._Colored_music_wave._Big_data_digital_code._Technology_or_Science_Bann.png",{"__typename":217,"items":639},[640],{"sys":641,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{"sys":643,"__typename":211,"title":645,"slug":646,"excerpt":647,"publishedOn":648,"tagsCollection":649,"featuredMedia":656,"categoriesCollection":659},{"id":644,"__typename":210},"1Oc5BGRzoPCBcRQXw2lJae","Beer byproduct behind Marmite could help us recycle metal waste","beer-byproduct-behind-marmite-could-help-us-recycle-metal-waste","Scientists use spent brewer’s yeast, left over from manufacturing beer, to filter out metal from waste streams.","2024-03-12T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":650},[651,654,655],{"__typename":232,"name":652,"slug":653},"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","frontiers-in-bioengineering-and-biotechnology",{"__typename":232,"name":273,"slug":274},{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":239,"description":657,"url":658},"A robot installs a chip on a printed circuit board. Printed circuit boards and other electronics contain many different metals which are difficult to separate out for recycling purposes.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/N18TWfVMj8hsNtYmUB88J/45245405c6da97e313ebce9ace519c0d/Horizontal-microchip_semiconductor_manufacturing._automatic_machine_robot_installing_chip_on_board..png",{"__typename":217,"items":660},[661],{"sys":662,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":664,"__typename":211,"title":666,"slug":667,"excerpt":668,"publishedOn":669,"tagsCollection":670,"featuredMedia":674,"categoriesCollection":677},{"id":665,"__typename":210},"2Bbyjn8gWuPFTY7gbQHYEv","Speaking in a local accent might make social robots seem more trustworthy and competent","speaking-in-a-local-accent-might-make-social-robots-seem-more-trustworthy","People who speak the Berlin dialect trust social robots speaking the same dialect more than social robots speaking standard German.","2024-01-29T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":671},[672,673],{"__typename":232,"name":578,"slug":579},{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":239,"description":675,"url":676},"A child controls a red robot using a tablet.","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ycoCFFHHXndd3zicZWiUg/2de087600e4cd4809db533b37c34dd06/Horizontal-Child_controls_robot_using_tablet._Augmented_reality_app__interactivity_and_future_of_games..png",{"__typename":217,"items":678},[679],{"sys":680,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":682,"__typename":211,"title":684,"slug":685,"tagsCollection":686,"excerpt":688,"publishedOn":689,"featuredMedia":690,"categoriesCollection":693},{"id":683,"__typename":210},"3xDqs5tdevgMIB1dENiyKL","Scientists develop ‘flying dragon’ robot to fight fires from a distance","frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter",{"items":687,"__typename":229},[],"Researchers have developed the Dragon Firefighter, a flying firehose that can aid human firefighters to put out the most dangerous fires. Because the design is Open Science, researchers around the world can use these plans to build their own Dragon Firefighters. The authors expect that real-world applications will be possible within a decade.","2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":239,"description":691,"url":692},"The Dragon Firefighter in action","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/hYPbD0w5Seljv6o1zfaQD/fb3a489df7f840f19afe0efa983fbeb0/frontiers-robotics-ai-dragon-firefighter.png",{"__typename":217,"items":694},[695],{"sys":696,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{"sys":698,"__typename":211,"title":700,"slug":701,"excerpt":702,"publishedOn":703,"tagsCollection":704,"featuredMedia":710,"categoriesCollection":712},{"id":699,"__typename":210},"52662","Rice husk and recycled newspaper may be the eco-friendly insulation material of the future","rice-husk-recycled-newspaper-insulation-future","Researchers tested the suitability of a mix of rice husks and cellulose – materials commonly sent to landfills or garbage incineration plants – and found it had good thermal and mechanical properties, making it suitable to be used in a range of applications.","2023-11-30T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":705},[706,707],{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":232,"name":708,"slug":709},"Frontiers in Built Environment","frontiers-in-built-environment",{"__typename":239,"description":12,"url":711},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52671/304390c7ec2be11006890e3e23806265/Horizontal-massive-building-under-construction.png",{"__typename":217,"items":713},[714],{"sys":715,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":717,"__typename":211,"title":719,"slug":720,"excerpt":721,"publishedOn":722,"tagsCollection":723,"featuredMedia":728,"categoriesCollection":730},{"id":718,"__typename":210},"52366","Wearable devices may prevent astronauts getting ‘lost’ in space","wearable-devices-may-prevent-astronauts-getting-lost-in-space","by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com Losing your sense of where you are can be fatal enough for aircraft pilots: spatial disorientation is a leading cause of fatal aircraft accidents. But losing your orientation in space itself is even more dangerous. Scientists have now developed wearable devices called vibrotactors that, combined with specialized training, improve people’s ability to fight spatial disorientation and could help astronauts correct themselves when their perceptions can no longer be relied upon. The sky is no longer the limit — but taking flight is dangerous. In leaving the Earth’s surface, we lose many of the cues we need to orient ourselves, and that spatial disorientation can be deadly. Astronauts normally need intensive training to protect against it. But scientists have now found that wearable devices which vibrate to give orientation cues may boost the efficacy of this training significantly, making spaceflight slightly safer. “Long duration spaceflight will cause many physiological and psychological stressors which will make astronauts very susceptible to spatial disorientation,” said Dr Vivekanand P. Vimal of Brandeis University in the United States, lead author of the article in Frontiers in Physiology. “When disoriented, an astronaut will no longer be able to rely […]\n","2023-11-03T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":724},[725,726,727],{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":232,"name":233,"slug":234},{"__typename":232,"name":236,"slug":237},{"__typename":239,"description":12,"url":729},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52367/aaea493e7433dc8e1455f3afd9e02e5c/Horizontal-Astronaut-on-lunar-moon-landing-mission.-Elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-NASA.png",{"__typename":217,"items":731},[732],{"sys":733,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":735,"__typename":211,"title":737,"slug":738,"excerpt":739,"publishedOn":740,"tagsCollection":741,"featuredMedia":744,"categoriesCollection":746},{"id":736,"__typename":210},"52214","Do humans get lazier when robots help with tasks?","do-humans-get-lazier-when-robots-help-with-tasks","by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com ‘Social loafing’ is a phenomenon which happens when members of a team start to put less effort in because they know others will cover for them. Scientists investigating whether this happens in teams which combine work by robots and humans found that humans carrying out quality assurance tasks spotted fewer errors when they had been told that robots had already checked a piece, suggesting they relied on the robots and paid less attention to the work. Now that improvements in technology mean that some robots work alongside humans, there is evidence that those humans have learned to see them as team-mates — and teamwork can have negative as well as positive effects on people’s performance. People sometimes relax, letting their colleagues do the work instead. This is called ‘social loafing’, and it’s common where people know their contribution won’t be noticed or they’ve acclimatized to another team member’s high performance. Scientists at the Technical University of Berlin investigated whether humans social loaf when they work with robots. “Teamwork is a mixed blessing,” said Dietlind Helene Cymek, first author of the study in Frontiers in Robotics and AI. “Working together can motivate people […]\n","2023-10-18T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":742},[743],{"__typename":232,"name":578,"slug":579},{"__typename":239,"description":12,"url":745},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/52215/05c2d682925f209bad39f6f2c3b26d77/Horizontal-Technician-checks-the-electronic-device.-Printed-circuit-board-for-the-robot.png",{"__typename":217,"items":747},[748],{"sys":749,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":751,"__typename":211,"title":753,"slug":754,"excerpt":755,"publishedOn":756,"tagsCollection":757,"featuredMedia":764,"categoriesCollection":766},{"id":752,"__typename":210},"51278","New high-tech microscope using AI successfully detects malaria in returning travelers","microscope-ai-malaria","By Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: Shutterstock.com Malaria is an infectious disease claiming more than half a million lives each year. Because traditional diagnosis takes expertise and the workload is high, an international team of researchers investigated if diagnosis using a new system combining an automatic scanning microscope and AI is feasible in clinical settings. They found that the system identified malaria parasites almost as accurately as experts staffing microscopes used in standard diagnostic procedures. This may help reduce the burden on microscopists and increase the feasible patient load. Each year, more than 200 million people fall sick with malaria and more than half a million of these infections lead to death. The World Health Organization recommends parasite-based diagnosis before starting treatment for the disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. There are various diagnostic methods, including conventional light microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and PCR. The standard for malaria diagnosis, however, remains manual light microscopy, during which a specialist examines blood films with a microscope to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. Yet, the accuracy of the results depends critically on the skills of the microscopist and can be hampered by fatigue caused by excessive workloads of the professionals doing the […]\n","2023-08-10T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":758},[759,760,763],{"__typename":232,"name":630,"slug":631},{"__typename":232,"name":761,"slug":762},"Frontiers in Malaria","frontiers-in-malaria",{"__typename":232,"name":276,"slug":277},{"__typename":239,"description":636,"url":765},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51335/2df80b3f501b8110174864b8fdcb7885/Horizontal-Young-woman-traveler-tourist-with-luggage-standing-on-escalators-in-train-station.png",{"__typename":217,"items":767},[768],{"sys":769,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{"sys":771,"__typename":211,"title":773,"slug":774,"excerpt":775,"publishedOn":776,"tagsCollection":777,"featuredMedia":782,"categoriesCollection":785},{"id":772,"__typename":210},"50999","Scientists knit futuristic eco-building designs using fungal networks","scientists-knit-futuristic-eco-building-designs-using-fungal-networks","by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image courtesy of the Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment Scientists have developed mycocrete, a paste made with the root network of fungus called mycelium, as a building material. Injecting this into a knitted textile framework creates a composite material which is stronger and more versatile than previous biomaterials made of fungi and could eventually be used to construct lightweight buildings with low environmental impact. Scientists hoping to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry have developed a way to grow building materials using knitted molds and the root network of fungi. Although researchers have experimented with similar composites before, the shape and growth constraints of the organic material have made it hard to develop diverse applications that fulfil its potential. Using the knitted molds as a flexible framework or ‘formwork’, the scientists created a composite called ‘mycocrete’ which is stronger and more versatile in terms of shape and form, allowing the scientists to grow lightweight and relatively eco-friendly construction materials. “Our ambition is to transform the look, feel and wellbeing of architectural spaces using mycelium in combination with biobased materials such as wool, sawdust and cellulose,” said Dr Jane Scott […]\n","2023-07-14T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":778},[779,780,781],{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":232,"name":273,"slug":274},{"__typename":232,"name":652,"slug":653},{"__typename":239,"description":783,"url":784},"Image courtesy of the Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/51001/32b45e003ea65f18bfff0be4249177ad/09_Final_Flipped_Mycelium_Vault_People__Hub_for_Biotechnology_in_the_Built_Environment.jpg",{"__typename":217,"items":786},[787],{"sys":788,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":790,"__typename":211,"title":792,"slug":793,"excerpt":794,"publishedOn":795,"tagsCollection":796,"featuredMedia":805,"categoriesCollection":807},{"id":791,"__typename":210},"50474","Machine learning helps researchers identify hit songs with 97% accuracy","machine-learning-identify-hit-songs","By Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: Shutterstock.com Predicting hit songs is notoriously difficult. Researchers have now applied machine learning (ML) to high-frequency neurophysiologic data to improve hit song prediction accuracy. They showed that if ML was applied to neural data collected while people listened to new music, hit songs could be predicted with close-to-perfect accuracy. This can open doors to providing consumers with the entertainment they are looking for, rather than flooding them with options. Every day, tens of thousands of songs are released. This constant stream of options makes it difficult for streaming services and radio stations to choose which songs to add to playlists. To find the ones that will resonate with a large audience, these services have used human listeners and artificial intelligence. This approach, however, lingering at a 50% accuracy rate, does not reliably predict if songs will become hits. Now, researchers in the US have used a comprehensive machine learning technique applied to brain responses and were able to predict hit songs with 97% accuracy. “By applying machine learning to neurophysiologic data, we could almost perfectly identify hit songs,” said Paul Zak, a professor at Claremont Graduate University and senior author of the study […]\n","2023-06-20T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":797},[798,799,802],{"__typename":232,"name":630,"slug":631},{"__typename":232,"name":800,"slug":801},"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","frontiers-in-artificial-intelligence",{"__typename":232,"name":803,"slug":804},"Neuroscience","neuroscience",{"__typename":239,"description":636,"url":806},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50477/75d39f68dadfe42a3b016f8562cd7020/HORIZO2.jpg",{"__typename":217,"items":808},[809],{"sys":810,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{"sys":812,"__typename":211,"title":814,"slug":815,"excerpt":816,"publishedOn":817,"tagsCollection":818,"featuredMedia":827,"categoriesCollection":830},{"id":813,"__typename":210},"50318","Why diversity and inclusion needs to be at the forefront of future AI","diversity-inclusion-forefront-future-ai","by Inês Hipólito/Deborah Pirchner, Frontiers science writer Image: shutterstock.com Inês Hipólito is a highly accomplished researcher, recognized for her work in esteemed journals and contributions as a co-editor. She has received research awards including the prestigious Talent Grant from the University of Amsterdam in 2021. After her PhD, she held positions at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Currently, she is a permanent lecturer of the philosophy of AI at Macquarie University, focusing on cognitive development and the interplay between augmented cognition (AI) and the sociocultural environment. Inês co-leads a consortium project on ‘Exploring and Designing Urban Density. Neurourbanism as a Novel Approach in Global Health,’ funded by the Berlin University Alliance. She also serves as an ethicist of AI at Verses. Beyond her research, she co-founded and serves as vice-president of the International Society for the Philosophy of the Sciences of the Mind. Inês is the host of the thought-provoking podcast ‘The PhilospHER’s Way’ and has actively contributed to the Women in Philosophy Committee and the Committee in Diversity and Inclusivity at the Australasian Association of Philosophy from 2017 to 2020. As part of our Frontier Scientist series, Hipólito caught up with Frontiers to tell us […]\n","2023-06-08T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":819},[820,823,826],{"__typename":232,"name":821,"slug":822},"Frontier Scientists","frontier-scientists",{"__typename":232,"name":824,"slug":825},"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","frontiers-in-ecology-and-evolution",{"__typename":232,"name":508,"slug":509},{"__typename":239,"description":828,"url":829},"Image: shutterstock.com","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/50324/4c30b81b56b54a68b3204381b083b93f/HORIZO1.jpg",{"__typename":217,"items":831},[832],{"sys":833,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{"sys":835,"__typename":211,"title":837,"slug":838,"excerpt":839,"publishedOn":840,"tagsCollection":841,"featuredMedia":847,"categoriesCollection":849},{"id":836,"__typename":210},"49858","Can charismatic robots help teams be more creative?","can-charismatic-robots-help-teams-be-more-creative","by Angharad Brewer Gillham, Frontiers science writer Image/Shutterstock.com Scientists found that students given a task by a social robot with a voice programmed to be engaging and inspiring performed better and were more creative than students who received the task from an identical robot with a flat voice. Increasingly, social robots are being used for support in educational contexts. But does the sound of a social robot affect how well they perform, especially when dealing with teams of humans? Teamwork is a key factor in human creativity, boosting collaboration and new ideas. Danish scientists set out to understand whether robots using a voice designed to sound charismatic would be more successful as team creativity facilitators. “We had a robot instruct teams of students in a creativity task. The robot either used a confident, passionate — ie charismatic — tone of voice or a normal, matter-of-fact tone of voice,” said Dr Kerstin Fischer of the University of Southern Denmark, corresponding author of the study in Frontiers in Communication. “We found that when the robot spoke in a charismatic speaking style, students’ ideas were more original and more elaborate.” Can a robot be charismatic? We know that social robots acting as facilitators […]\n","2023-05-22T06:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":842},[843,844],{"__typename":232,"name":581,"slug":582},{"__typename":232,"name":845,"slug":846},"Frontiers in Communication","frontiers-in-communication",{"__typename":239,"description":12,"url":848},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49860/79a5d792ad001db5a15fd53e32096ef7/Horizontal-shooting-close-up.-woman-designs-a-large-modern-robot.png",{"__typename":217,"items":850},[851],{"sys":852,"__typename":222,"name":581},{"id":591,"__typename":210},{"sys":854,"__typename":211,"title":856,"slug":857,"excerpt":858,"publishedOn":859,"tagsCollection":860,"featuredMedia":868,"categoriesCollection":870},{"id":855,"__typename":210},"49552","Frontiers in Virtual Reality Seminar Series 3: Fostering inclusion and social interaction in XR","virtual-reality-seminar-series-3","Online Seminar Series Inclusion, accessibility, and social interaction in virtual and augmented reality environments is key to ensure the success of the deployment of this technology at a public scale. Although immersive environments offer fantastic opportunities for creativity, learning, and social interaction, there is a risk of abusive behavior and exclusion of people with special needs. The GuestXR European project embraces artificial intelligence, together with neuroscience and social psychology research to increase harmony and improve the participants’ experience in shared 3D virtual or augmented reality spaces. This seminar series, organized by Frontiers in Virtual Reality journal and partners from the GuestXR project, will start with a webinar on the features of an innovative XR technology for meeting with participants around the world. The series of online series will follow on with sessions on the research and advancements on haptic technologies and 3D audio techniques to support social interactions and inclusion in XR environments. Finally, we will delve into advanced multisensory features to improve accessibility to VR environments by publics with special needs. Speakers Bio: SeminarDate AbstractRegistration linkSEMINAR 1. A Shared XR System with Full Body Avatars and AI Agent Integration for Enhanced Inclusivity17 May 2023, 16.00h CESTIn this webinar, we will discuss an innovative […]\n","2023-05-10T17:35:22.000Z",{"__typename":229,"items":861},[862,865],{"__typename":232,"name":863,"slug":864},"AR/VR","augmented-reality",{"__typename":232,"name":866,"slug":867},"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","frontiers-in-virtual-reality",{"__typename":239,"description":12,"url":869},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/49773/9042687d7168d984b4c2f15c7cd933ad/MicrosoftTeams-image-27-1.png",{"__typename":217,"items":871},[872],{"sys":873,"__typename":222,"name":595},{"id":594,"__typename":210},{},{},{"$ssite-config":877},{"_context":878,"url":884,"defaultLocale":885,"trailingSlash":886,"titleSeparator":887,"name":888,"indexable":85,"debug":886},{"url":879,"defaultLocale":880,"trailingSlash":880,"titleSeparator":880,"name":881,"indexable":882,"debug":883},"nitro:init","defaults","package.json","system","nuxt:config:site","https://science-news-2023.frontiersin.org/","en",false,"|","science-news-2023",{"footer":12,"ibar":12,"9nkmFSvTCF":12,"zzhSjsixmy":12},"/news/category/future-tech",{"main":892},{"ibar":104,"footer":3,"categoryList":893,"postTotalResult":566,"postListPageSize":1019,"landingPage":1020},[894,902,905,910,914,919,922,924,928,930,933,938,943,947,950,953,958,961,964,966,970,974,979,984,988,989,991,995,1000,1004,1008,1012,1015],{"name":397,"slug":895,"order":12,"parent":896,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"climate-action",{"__typename":222,"name":897,"slug":898,"parent":899},"Earth and beyond","earth-and-beyond",{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},"Research news","research-news",{"name":897,"slug":898,"order":903,"parent":904,"isEligibleForPosts":12},2,{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901,"parent":12},{"name":906,"slug":907,"order":12,"parent":908,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Earth science","earth-science",{"__typename":222,"name":897,"slug":898,"parent":909},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":445,"slug":446,"order":12,"parent":911,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":912,"slug":913,"parent":12},"Open science","open-science",{"name":581,"slug":582,"order":12,"parent":915,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":916,"slug":917,"parent":918},"Future tech","future-tech",{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":273,"slug":274,"order":12,"parent":920,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":897,"slug":898,"parent":921},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":223,"slug":923,"order":12,"parent":12,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"featured-news",{"name":302,"slug":925,"order":12,"parent":926,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"frontiers-announcements",{"__typename":222,"name":559,"slug":927,"parent":12},"frontiers-updates",{"name":559,"slug":927,"order":929,"parent":12,"isEligibleForPosts":886},4,{"name":916,"slug":917,"order":931,"parent":932,"isEligibleForPosts":12},3,{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901,"parent":12},{"name":276,"slug":277,"order":12,"parent":934,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":937},"Mind and body","mind-and-body",{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":939,"slug":940,"order":12,"parent":941,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Humanities","humanities",{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":942},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":944,"slug":945,"order":12,"parent":946,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Impact analysis","impact-analysis",{"__typename":222,"name":559,"slug":927,"parent":12},{"name":161,"slug":948,"order":12,"parent":949,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"institutional-partnership",{"__typename":222,"name":559,"slug":927,"parent":12},{"name":363,"slug":509,"order":12,"parent":951,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":952},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":954,"slug":955,"order":12,"parent":956,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Microbiome","microbiome",{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":957},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":935,"slug":936,"order":959,"parent":960,"isEligibleForPosts":12},1,{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901,"parent":12},{"name":803,"slug":804,"order":12,"parent":962,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":963},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":912,"slug":913,"order":965,"parent":12,"isEligibleForPosts":12},5,{"name":967,"slug":968,"order":12,"parent":969,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Open science and peer review","open-science-and-peer-review",{"__typename":222,"name":912,"slug":913,"parent":12},{"name":971,"slug":972,"order":12,"parent":973,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Open science policy","open-science-policy",{"__typename":222,"name":912,"slug":913,"parent":12},{"name":975,"slug":976,"order":12,"parent":977,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Psychiatry","psychiatry",{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":978},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":980,"slug":981,"order":12,"parent":982,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Psychology","psychology",{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":983},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":985,"slug":986,"order":12,"parent":987,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Publishing partnerships","publishing-partnerships",{"__typename":222,"name":559,"slug":927,"parent":12},{"name":900,"slug":901,"order":12,"parent":12,"isEligibleForPosts":886},{"name":149,"slug":197,"order":12,"parent":990,"isEligibleForPosts":85},{"__typename":222,"name":912,"slug":913,"parent":12},{"name":595,"slug":992,"order":12,"parent":993,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"robotics-and-ai",{"__typename":222,"name":916,"slug":917,"parent":994},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":996,"slug":997,"order":12,"parent":998,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Social science","social-science",{"__typename":222,"name":935,"slug":936,"parent":999},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":1001,"slug":1002,"order":12,"parent":1003,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Society journal news","society-journal-news",{"__typename":222,"name":559,"slug":927,"parent":12},{"name":227,"slug":1005,"order":12,"parent":1006,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"space-sciences-astronomy",{"__typename":222,"name":897,"slug":898,"parent":1007},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":178,"slug":1009,"order":12,"parent":1010,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"sustainability",{"__typename":222,"name":897,"slug":898,"parent":1011},{"__typename":222,"name":900,"slug":901},{"name":1013,"slug":1014,"order":12,"parent":12,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Top news","top-news",{"name":1016,"slug":1017,"order":12,"parent":1018,"isEligibleForPosts":85},"Young Minds","young-minds",{"__typename":222,"name":912,"slug":913,"parent":12},15,{"__typename":1021,"mainHeaderImage":1022,"mainHeaderImagesCollection":1024,"seo":1041},"LandingPage",{"__typename":239,"url":1023,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6woX8abhPNQ7okL9S5aXF2/1a1d96c9b0478dd3201ec7ab84874cb4/WebsiteWebP_XL-A_businessman_using_a_mobile_device_to_check_market_data..png",{"__typename":1025,"items":1026},"AssetCollection",[1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039],{"__typename":239,"url":1028,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/3zhsxELbANqB5bbqvVFVlp/9ad9241805388251dce5552f7b531003/01.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1030,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/1ruzUb50w7ZukCFUtsfjWn/0f47495a313421c961643f8f1403949a/02.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1032,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6kgsCFHkDibrgeLONQePa/bf7c2d7f1f4fa48ea17947d1b0ae85f6/03.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1034,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5ihIy0l6qiELL1ojISqEbC/f2f068acb4df7bfe703c793a59c2d564/04.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1036,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5UgUr7jZgZoJE4aXoI7wPr/775b6755114d97fd597e4dc6bb6230bf/05.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1038,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/58JfOOG9Aj6y0VNHrm4brP/0bf6645c16385ff4c306fdb2ce12dd22/06.png",{"__typename":239,"url":1040,"description":105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/WLtZpl3rxhpU2o66q6R1R/2b9163ce8a6e68c78404ca0c2a963ec6/07.png",{"__typename":1042,"title":1043,"description":1044,"keywords":12,"noindex":886,"nofollow":886,"image":1045},"Seo","Frontiers | Science news","The latest science & research news from Frontiers - Publishing the most cited open-access journals in their fields",{"__typename":239,"title":1046,"description":12,"url":1047},"Frontiers-science-open-access-publishing-news","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/26661/20157d88cd60cc16a1451549e62a358d/frontiers-science-open-access-publishing-news.png"]</script><script>window.__NUXT__={};window.__NUXT__.config={public:{gtmId:"GTM-55799X7",gtmAuth:"wu4zNXypdxbpNvFCndDH_A",gtmPreview:"env-1",gtmServerUrl:"https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org",baseUrl:"https://www.frontiersin.org",appName:"science-news-2023",spaceId:1,spaceName:"Frontiers",domain:"frontiersin.org",loopUrl:"https://loop.frontiersin.org",ssMainDomain:"frontiersin.org",journalsPagesUrl:"https://www.frontiersin.org/api/v3/journals",faviconSize16:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",faviconSize32:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",faviconSize180:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",site:{_context:{defaultLocale:"defaults",trailingSlash:"defaults",titleSeparator:"defaults",name:"package.json",indexable:"system",debug:"nuxt:config:site"},defaultLocale:"en",trailingSlash:false,titleSeparator:"|",name:"science-news-2023",indexable:true,debug:false}},app:{baseURL:"/",buildAssetsDir:"science-news/_nuxt",cdnURL:""}}</script><script type="module" src="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.127103e1.js" crossorigin></script></body> </html>