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<span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Diplomatic missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laayoune</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laâyoune" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="العيون (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العيون (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Aai%C3%BAn" title="L'Aaiún – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="L'Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Aai%C3%BAn" title="L'Aaiún – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="L'Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fl-%C6%8Fyun" title="Əl-Əyun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əl-Əyun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="العیون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="العیون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="লা-আয়ুন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লা-আয়ুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Аюн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аюн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aaiun" title="Al-Aaiun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al-Aaiun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%A2youne_/_El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="Laâyoune / El Aaiún – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Laâyoune / El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%C2%B4Aj%C3%BAn" title="Al-´Ajún – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Al-´Ajún" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="لعيون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعيون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Λααγιούν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λααγιούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuno" title="Ajuno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ajuno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaiun" title="Aaiun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aaiun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="العیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="العیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laâyoune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Aj%C3%BBn" title="El-Ajûn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="El-Ajûn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Aai%C3%BAn" title="O Aaiún – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B4" title="엘아이운 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘아이운" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլ Այուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլ Այուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ayune" title="El Ayune – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="El Ayune" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Laâyoune" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="לעיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לעיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ელ-აიუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელ-აიუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aaiun" title="El Aaiun – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="El Aaiun" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%C5%ABna" title="Ajūna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ajūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%C5%ABnas" title="Ajūnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ajūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aay%C3%B9n" title="El Aayùn – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="El Aayùn" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ayun" title="El Ayun – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="El Ayun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Aj%C3%BAn" title="El-Ajún – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="El-Ajún" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ел-Ајун – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ел-Ајун" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BA" title="ലയ്യൂൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലയ്യൂൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="العيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Ajoen" title="Al Ajoen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al Ajoen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3" title="アイウン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイウン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aayyun" title="Aayyun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aayyun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="العيون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="العيون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ayun" title="El Ayun – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="El Ayun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ujun" title="Al-Ujun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Ujun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aiune" title="El Aiune – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="El Aiune" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Ayun" title="El-Ayun – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="El-Ayun" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Эль-Аюн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эль-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Aai%C3%BAn" title="El-Aaiún – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="El-Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ел Ајун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ел Ајун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" title="El Aaiún – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="El Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Aai%C3%BAn" title="El-Aaiún – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="El-Aaiún" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அல்-உயூன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல்-உயூன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%9Byun" title="Lɛyun – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lɛyun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99" title="เอลอาอายุน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลอาอายุน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layun" title="Layun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Layun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Ель-Аюн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ель-Аюн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="العیون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="العیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ayun" title="El Ayun – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="El Ayun" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Laayoune" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E6%81%A9" title="阿尤恩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尤恩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E6%81%A9" title="阿尤恩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿尤恩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E6%81%A9" title="阿尤恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尤恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47837#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laayoune&params=27_09_00_N_13_11_56_W_region:EH_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°09′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°11′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.15000°N 13.19889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.15000; -13.19889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Aai%C3%BAn&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="El Aaiún">El Aaiún</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Western Sahara</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ayûn" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ay%C3%BBn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ayûn (disambiguation)">Ayûn (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aaiún" redirects here. For the singer, see <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Aai%C3%BAn" title="Isabel Aaiún">Isabel Aaiún</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Western Sahara</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Laayoune</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العيون</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">El Aaiún</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Left to right, top to bottom: Footprints on the sand, Place Mechouar, Street, Monumental Arch, Laayoune Cathedral"><img alt="Left to right, top to bottom: Footprints on the sand, Place Mechouar, Street, Monumental Arch, Laayoune Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png/250px-El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png/375px-El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png/500px-El_Aai%C3%BAn-La%C3%A2youne_Collage.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2584" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Left to right, top to bottom: Footprints on the sand, Place Mechouar, Street, Monumental Arch, Laayoune Cathedral</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laayoune is located in Western Sahara"><img alt="Laayoune is located in Western Sahara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Western_Sahara_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1304" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:14%;left:46.248%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Laayoune"><img alt="Laayoune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Laayoune</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Western Sahara</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Western Sahara</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laayoune is located in Africa"><img alt="Laayoune is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.801%;left:17.201%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Laayoune"><img alt="Laayoune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Laayoune</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Laayoune (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laayoune&params=27_09_00_N_13_11_56_W_region:EH_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°09′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°11′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.15000°N 13.19889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.15000; -13.19889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">Non-self-governing territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Claimed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Controlled by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Morocco" title="Regions of Morocco">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra">Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_and_provinces_of_Morocco" title="Prefectures and provinces of Morocco">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne_Province" title="Laâyoune Province">Laâyoune</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1934</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1938</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Oro" title="Antonio de Oro">Antonio de Oro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">247.8 km<sup>2</sup> (95.68 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2014)<sup id="cite_ref-census2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">217,732</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">880/km<sup>2</sup> (2,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">West Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Laayoune</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>El Aaiún</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العيون</span>, <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">al-ʕuyūn</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[alʕujuːn]</a></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hassaniyya:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mey-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈləʕjuːn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/de\/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.wav\/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q56231 (mey)-Tidjani Saleh-\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.wav/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q56231_(mey)-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.wav" title="File:LL-Q56231 (mey)-Tidjani Saleh-لعيون.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">Springs</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the largest city of the disputed territory named <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, with a population of 271,344 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is <i>de facto</i> under Moroccan administration as <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied territory</a>. The modern city is thought to have been founded by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> captain <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Oro" title="Antonio de Oro">Antonio de Oro</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1958, it became the administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a>, administered by the Governor General of Spanish West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Laayoune is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra">Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra</a> region administered by Morocco, it is still under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a>, an <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> mission. </p><p>The town is located south of the dry river of <a href="/wiki/Saguia_el-Hamra_(river)" title="Saguia el-Hamra (river)">Saguia el-Hamra</a>, where the old lower town constructed by Spanish colonists is located.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi_Cathedral,_Laayoune" title="St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune">St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral</a> was constructed during the Spanish period and is still active with a few Catholic missionaries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p><i>Laayoune</i> or <i>El Aaiún</i> are respectively the French and Spanish transliterations of one of the possible Romanized <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Maghrebi Arabic</a> names for the city: <i>Layoun</i>, which could mean "the springs", in reference to the oases that furnish the town's water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-Room1994_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Room1994-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> captain <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Oro" title="Antonio de Oro">Antonio de Oro</a> in 1938 as a small military outpost, but quickly became the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a>'s administrative and political centre.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location was chosen for two reasons: the presence of water and the strategic military position the site offered. Its position on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Saguia_el-Hamra_(river)" title="Saguia el-Hamra (river)">Saguia el-Hamra river</a> enabled good communication with the harbors of <a href="/wiki/Tarfaya" title="Tarfaya">Tarfaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boujdour" title="Boujdour">Boujdour</a>. The city underwent a period of rapid economic growth in the 1940s due to the discovery of vast deposits of <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphates</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Bou_Craa" title="Bou Craa">Bou Craa</a> site fuelling a phosphate industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town was the scene of the <a href="/wiki/Zemla_Intifada" title="Zemla Intifada">Zemla Intifada</a> that occurred on June 17, 1970, that culminated in a massacre, resulting in the deaths ranging from 2 to 11 people and hundreds injured.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the Spanish withdrew in 1975, Laayoune, along with much of the rest of the Western Sahara, was <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Western_Sahara" title="Annexation of Western Sahara">annexed</a> by Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, large numbers of Moroccans have moved to the city, and now outnumber the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Sahrawis" title="Sahrawis">Sahrawis</a>, who have gradually given up their traditional <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> lifestyles.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has continued to develop rapidly and benefits of a <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalinization</a> plant. The city's rate of <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> continues to outpace that of Morocco, though on most indicators of <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">human development</a>, it lags behind southern Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> <p>Laayoune has a <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate#Hot_desert_climates" title="Desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BWh</i>), moderated by the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Current" title="Canary Current">Canary Current</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with an average annual temperature just over 21 °C (70 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Laayoune (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #BE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.2<br />(115.2) </td> <td style="background: #C20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.9<br />(114.6) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(115.9) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(116.6) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.1<br />(107.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.0<br />(116.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(0.37) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(0.18) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(0.14) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(0.39) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.2<br />(1.90) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.1 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.7 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">281.4 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">296.5 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">326.5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308.9 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.9 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.8 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,264.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (sun 1981-2010)<sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3></div> <p>A 2019 paper published in <a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a> estimated that under <a href="/wiki/Representative_Concentration_Pathway#4.5" title="Representative Concentration Pathway">Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5</a>, a "moderate" scenario of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Laayoune in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. The annual temperature would increase by 1 °C (1.8 °F), and the temperature of the warmest month by 1.8 °C (3.2 °F), while the temperature of the coldest month would decrease by 0.1 °C (0.18 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a>, the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <p>Laayoune has a population of 271,344<sup id="cite_ref-census2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the largest city in Western Sahara. </p> <table style="float: left;" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1982 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,875<sup id="cite_ref-census_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">136,950<sup id="cite_ref-census_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">183,691<sup id="cite_ref-census_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">217,732<sup id="cite_ref-census_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>271,344<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_status">Economy and status</h2></div> <p>The city is a hub for fishing and for <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> mining in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-economist_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the country was negotiating a new fishing agreement with Europe over offshore fishing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <p>The football club of the city is <a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Massira" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeunesse Massira">Jeunesse Massira</a>. The club plays in the <a href="/wiki/Botola_2" title="Botola 2">Moroccan Second Division</a>, the second highest football league in the country. <a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Massira" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeunesse Massira">Jeunesse Massira</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Stade_Sheikh_Mohamed_Laghdaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf">Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf</a> for training and games.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <p>Laayoune is served by the international <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_Airport" title="Hassan I Airport">Hassan I Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <p>French school associated to the Alliance française was established in 2018, the city also includes a Spanish international school, Colegio Español La Paz, owned by the Spanish government.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</h2></div> <p>On 18 December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> became the first nation to open a consulate in support of Moroccan claims to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2020, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> opened also a general consulate.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also opened consulates in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque of Moulay Abd el Aziz"><img alt="Mosque of Moulay Abd el Aziz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg/120px-Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg/180px-Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg/240px-Mosque_moulay_abd_el_aziz_laayoune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque of Moulay Abd el Aziz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi"><img alt="Spanish Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg/120px-Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg/180px-Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg/240px-Laayoune_Cathedral_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spanish <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi_Cathedral,_Laayoune" title="St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune">Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Avenue Mekka"><img alt="Avenue Mekka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg/120px-Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg/180px-Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg/240px-Street_view_from_Laayoune_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3446" data-file-height="2082" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Avenue Mekka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumental_Arch,_Laayoune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One entrance of the city"><img alt="One entrance of the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg/120px-Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg/180px-Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg/240px-Monumental_Arch%2C_Laayoune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One entrance of the city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Road to El Marsa, the harbour of the city."><img alt="Road to El Marsa, the harbour of the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg/120px-Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg/180px-Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg/240px-Road_to_Laayoune_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Road to El Marsa, the harbour of the city.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laâyoune bus station."><img alt="Laâyoune bus station." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg/120px-Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg/180px-Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg/240px-Laayoune_Bus_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Laâyoune bus station.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/32px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/48px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/64px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Morocco" title="Portal:Morocco">Morocco portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Western_Sahara" title="Portal:Western Sahara">Western Sahara portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Western_Sahara" title="List of cities in Western Sahara">List of cities in Western Sahara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/">"Population Légale des Régions, Provinces, Préfectures, Municipalités, Arrondissements et Communes du Royaume D'Après Les Résultats du 2014"</a> (in Arabic and French). <a href="/wiki/Haut_Commissariat_au_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut Commissariat au Plan">High Commission for Planning, Morocco</a>. 8 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+L%C3%A9gale+des+R%C3%A9gions%2C+Provinces%2C+Pr%C3%A9fectures%2C+Municipalit%C3%A9s%2C+Arrondissements+et+Communes+du+Royaume+D%27Apr%C3%A8s+Les+R%C3%A9sultats+du+2014&rft.pub=High+Commission+for+Planning%2C+Morocco&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgph2014.hcp.ma%2Ffile%2F166326%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune">"Laayoune"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 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Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Laayoune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLaayoune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune">"Laâyoune"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Cote+d%27Ivoire+Opens+General+Consulate+in+Morocco%27s+Laayoune&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F02%2F293975%2Fcote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/">"Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune"</a>. <i>Morocco World News</i>. 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Burundi+Opens+General+Consulate+in+Laayoune&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F02%2F294797%2Fburundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/">"Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco"</a>. <i>Morocco World News</i>. 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Eswatini+Opens+Consulate+General+in+Laayoune%2C+Southern+Morocco&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F10%2F323808%2Feswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/">"Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune"</a>. <i>Morocco World News</i>. 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Zambia+Opens+Consulate+General+in+Morocco%27s+Laayoune&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F10%2F323813%2Fzambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/">"UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune"</a>. <i>Morocco World News</i>. 4 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=UAE+Officially+Opens+Consulate+General+in+Morocco%27s+Laayoune&rft.date=2020-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F11%2F324713%2Fuae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/">"Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco"</a>. <i>Morocco World News</i>. 14 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Bahrain+Opens+Consulate+General+in+Laayoune%2C+Southern+Morocco&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2020%2F12%2F328827%2Fbahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaayoune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">lah-<span style="font-size:90%">YOON</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>also</small> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ly-</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French: <i lang="fr">Laâyoune</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[la.ajun]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">EL</span> eye-<span style="font-size:90%">(Y)OON</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MW_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[el<span class="wrap"> </span>(a)aˈʝun]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/df\/Pronunciation_of_El_Aai%C3%BAn_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_El_Aai%C3%BAn_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of El Aai\u00fan in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/Pronunciation_of_El_Aai%C3%BAn_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_El_Aai%C3%BAn_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_El_Aai%C3%BAn_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of El Aaiún in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Laayoune</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Laayoune" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Laayoune">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:El_Aai%C3%BAn" class="extiw" title="c:Category:El Aaiún">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/El_Aai%C3%BAn" class="extiw" title="voy:El Aaiún">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47837" class="extiw" title="d:Q47837">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php">Official TV channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/">Official radio channel</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Template:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Template talk:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laâyoune-Sakia_El_Hamra_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra" title="Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra">Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laâyoune</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boujdour_Province" title="Boujdour Province">Boujdour Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Es-Semara_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Es-Semara Province">Es-Semara Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne_Province" title="Laâyoune Province">Laâyoune Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarfaya_Province" title="Tarfaya Province">Tarfaya Province</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg/150px-La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg/225px-La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg/300px-La%C3%A2youne-Sakia_El_Hamra_region_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7887" data-file-height="7999" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boujdour" title="Boujdour">Boujdour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Marsa,_Western_Sahara" title="El Marsa, Western Sahara">El Marsa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laâyoune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smara" title="Smara">Smara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarfaya" title="Tarfaya">Tarfaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template talk:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of African countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">El Aaiún</a></b> (claimed)/<b><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a></b> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a></b> (political)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></b> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1151358223">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88174434">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565083805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/176643125">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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