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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-司法系统" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#司法系统"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>司法系统</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-司法系统-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>评论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">马来西亚法律制度</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。3种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Law of Malaysia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_malaisien" title="Droit malaisien – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droit malaisien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang_Malaysia" title="Undang-undang Malaysia – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Undang-undang Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6503409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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class="fn org country-name"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="马来西亚国旗"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span class="nowrap">   </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="马来西亚国徽"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="马来西亚政治">马来西亚政府与政治</a></b><br /><small>系列条目</small></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C#联邦政府" title="马来西亚政府">联邦政府</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="马来西亚联邦宪法">联邦宪法</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">法律制度</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="马来统治者">统治者</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="马来西亚最高元首">最高元首</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89" title="苏丹阿都拉">苏丹阿都拉</a> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%90%8E" title="马来西亚最高元首后">最高元首后</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A7%91%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E8%8E%8E%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%A8%9C" title="东姑阿兹莎阿米娜">东姑阿兹莎阿米娜</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="马来西亚副最高元首">副最高元首</a></b><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏丹纳兹林沙" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Sultan Nazrin Muizuddin Shah ibni Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B2%99" title="蘇丹納茲林沙">苏丹纳兹林沙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Nazrin_Muizuddin_Shah_ibni_Sultan_Azlan_Muhibbuddin_Shah" class="extiw" title="ms:Sultan Nazrin Muizuddin Shah ibni Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Sultan Nazrin Muizuddin Shah ibni Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="统治者会议">统治者会议</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%8E%8C%E7%8E%BA%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="马来西亚掌玺大臣">掌玺大臣</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%AE_(%E6%B3%97%E5%B2%A9%E6%B2%AB)" title="國家皇宮 (泗岩沫)">国家皇宫</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C#联邦政府#行政权" title="马来西亚政府">行政</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="马来西亚首相">首相</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BE%9D%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3" title="安华·依布拉欣">安华·依布拉欣</a> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="马来西亚副首相">副首相</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%AB%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%8C" title="阿末扎希">阿末扎希</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E7%B4%A2%E5%A4%AB" title="法迪拉·尤索夫">法迪拉·尤索夫</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6" title="马来西亚联邦政府首席秘书">政府首席秘书</a></b><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫哈末祖基阿里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohd Zuki Ali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AB%E7%A5%96%E5%9F%BA%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫哈末祖基阿里（页面不存在）">莫哈末祖基阿里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohd_Zuki_Ali" class="extiw" title="en:Mohd Zuki Ali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohd Zuki Ali</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="馬來西亞內閣">内阁</a> • <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联邦政府机构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of federal agencies in Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联邦政府机构（页面不存在）">联邦政府机构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:List of federal agencies in Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of federal agencies in Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span> • <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公务员体系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Civil service in Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%8A%A1%E5%91%98%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公务员体系（页面不存在）">公务员体系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:Civil service in Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civil service in Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚州政府">州政府</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="马来西亚各州政府首脑">各州政府领袖</a>）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚地方政府">地方政府</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚地方政府列表">列表</a>）</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C#联邦政府#立法权" title="马来西亚政府">立法</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚国会">国会</a></b> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg/120px-March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg/180px-March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg/240px-March_2020_Dewan_Negara_composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg/120px-December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg/180px-December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg/240px-December_2022_Dewan_Rakyat_Composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="馬來西亞上議院">国会上议院</a></b> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="马来西亚国会上议院主席">主席</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%81" title="莱士雅丁">莱士雅丁</a> </p><p>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC15%E5%B1%8A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚第15届国会上议员列表">上议院议员列表</a>） </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="馬來西亞下議院">国会下议院</a></b> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="马来西亚国会下议院议长">议长</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD" title="佐哈里阿都">佐哈里阿都</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E5%85%9A%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="马来西亚国会反对党领袖">反对党领袖</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%B2%99%E5%86%8D%E5%8A%AA%E4%B8%81" title="韩沙再努丁">韩沙再努丁</a> </p><p>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC15%E5%B1%8A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚第15届国会议员列表">下议院议员列表</a>） </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%B1%E5%AD%90%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="马来西亚影子内阁">影子内阁</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚法令列表">法令列表</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8E%E5%85%9A" title="马来西亚在野党">反对党</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚州议会">州立法议会</a>（<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32023%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="2018年至2023年度马来西亚州议员列表">各州议员列表</a>）</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C#联邦政府#司法权" title="马来西亚政府">司法</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="马来西亚联邦法院">联邦法院</a></b> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="马来西亚联邦首席大法官">首席大法官</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A7%91%E9%BA%A6%E6%B6%A6" title="东姑麦润">东姑麦润</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="马来西亚上诉法院">上诉庭</a></b> </p><p><b>主席</b><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿邦·依斯干达" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abang Iskandar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A6%C2%B7%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿邦·依斯干达（页面不存在）">阿邦·依斯干达</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abang_Iskandar" class="extiw" title="en:Abang Iskandar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abang Iskandar</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> <hr /> <p><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚高等法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High Courts of Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚高等法庭（页面不存在）">高等法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:High Courts of Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High Courts of Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> </p><p><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来亚大法官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chief Judge of Malaya"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来亚大法官（页面不存在）">马来亚大法官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="extiw" title="en:Chief Judge of Malaya"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chief Judge of Malaya</span></a></span>）</span></span></b><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫哈末·查比汀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AMohamad Zabidin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AB%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E6%AF%94%E6%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫哈末·查比汀（页面不存在）">莫哈末·查比汀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMohamad_Zabidin" class="extiw" title="en:AMohamad Zabidin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AMohamad Zabidin</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p><p><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙巴及砂拉越大法官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E5%8F%8A%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙巴及砂拉越大法官（页面不存在）">沙巴及砂拉越大法官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" class="extiw" title="en:Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</span></a></span>）</span></span></b><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿都·拉曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abdul Rahman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿都·拉曼（页面不存在）">阿都·拉曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rahman" class="extiw" title="en:Abdul Rahman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abdul Rahman</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="马来西亚回教法庭">伊斯兰事务法庭</a></b> </p> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="马来西亚回教司法局">伊斯兰司法局局长</a></b><br />穆尤丁·依布拉欣</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="马来西亚选举">选举</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="馬來西亞選舉委員會">选举委员会</a></b> <p><b>主席</b><br />阿都甘尼 </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="马来西亚选举">近年联邦选举</a></b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2022年马来西亚大选">2022年全国选举</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2018年马来西亚大选">2018年全国选举</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2013年马来西亚大选">2013年全国选举</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2008年馬來西亞大選">2008年全国选举</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2004年马来西亚大选">2004年全国选举</a><br /> </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%89%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚选区列表">选区</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞政黨列表">政党</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%8A%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%AD%E8%8E%B7%E8%83%9C%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="历届马来西亚大选的国会议席获胜政党列表">历届获胜状况</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D9D9F9; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #707070; padding-top:0.1em; padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="马来西亚政治">其他</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;text-align:mid"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="马来西亚外交">外交</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia（页面不存在）">国外外交机构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BB%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="驻马来西亚外交机构列表">国内外交机构</a>）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99" title="国家原则">国家原则</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Malaysia">地图</a></span></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%:"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></div> </div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="Portal:马来西亚">马来西亚主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:馬來西亞政治"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template talk:馬來西亞政治"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:馬來西亞政治"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>马来西亚法律制度</b>主要是基于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="英美法系">英美法系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法">普通法</a>）的法律制度，大致沿袭自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="英属马来亚">殖民地时期</a>的宗主国<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>。1957年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%82%A6" title="马来亚联合邦">马来亚联合邦</a>独立以及1963年马来西亚成立后，马来西亚以《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="马来西亚联邦宪法">马来西亚联邦宪法</a>》作为国家最高法律，规定了马来西亚的法律框架、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="马来西亚公民">马来西亚公民</a>的基本权利、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9D%83%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三权分立">三权分立</a>原则以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚政府">联邦政府</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="最高元首">君主</a>的管辖权限与角色。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚国会">马来西亚国会</a>所颁布的联邦法律适用于全国各地；反之，各州立法议会所颁布的州法律仅适用于该州，且不得与联邦宪法有所冲突。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>马来西亚的法律制度早在19世纪到20世纪60年代由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>殖民对<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E" title="英屬馬來亞">马来亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A" title="砂拉越">砂拉越</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="北婆罗洲">北婆罗洲</a>的影响而形成。在1963年建国之前，马来西亚以英国的法律為基礎，即判例的使用。马来西亚法律也同时基于其他英美法系司法管辖区，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>。马来西亚刑事诉讼程序是基于印度刑法的形式而成。“合同法”也是採用印度的法律模式。但马来西亚土地法卻是基于澳大利亚托伦斯制度。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="马来西亚联邦宪法">马来西亚宪法</a>》决定了立法、司法、行政等法定机关以及法律体系的基本架构，也阐明了政府和君主的权限以及公民的权利。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="司法系统"><span id=".E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F"></span>司法系统</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：司法系统"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>马来西亚的法律制度依据《马来西亚联邦宪法》第121条文1A款实行双司法系统制度，并可分为两大类，即： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="英美法系">英美法系</a>（主要法律体系，适用于全国人民）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教法">伊斯兰教法</a>（仅适用于穆斯林生活事务）</li></ul> <p>马来西亚宪法第121条第1A款规定了该国的双司法系统制度。此外，联邦憲法第3条也规定，伊斯兰法律属于各州法律的范畴，只有联邦直辖区除外（联邦直辖区的伊斯兰法律由联邦政府负责）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。伊斯兰法律以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教法">伊斯兰教法</a>为依据，相关法院被称为伊斯兰法院或回教法院。从整体来看，伊斯兰教法在马来西亚法律体系中所发挥的作用相对非常小，即它仅适用于穆斯林。在民事法方面，伊斯兰法院管辖权包括部分的个人法律事务，例如婚姻、财产继承权和叛教等。一些州属还制定了伊斯兰刑事法，例如《1993年吉兰丹回教刑事法》，然而，这些刑事法的管辖范围仅限于罚款金额不能超过5000令吉，及监禁不超过3年的案子。在2007年8月，当时的首席大法官曾建议以伊斯兰教法取代目前在马来西亚使用的英美法系（普通法）。<sup id="cite_ref-sharia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="80%"> <caption>马来西亚法庭机构 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>性质 </th> <th width="20%">法院类型 </th> <th width="60%">备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="英美法系">英美法系</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法">普通法</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%9E%E5%AF%86%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國樞密院司法委員會">英国枢密院司法委员会</a>（1985年中止）</td> <td>1985年前为马来西亚的最高終審法院。1978年，马来西亚政府中止了樞密院對刑事和涉及马来西亚憲制案件的司法權。1985年中止民事案件之司法權，并完全废除枢密院的終審权。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="马来西亚联邦法院">马来西亚联邦法院</a> </td> <td>1985年至今马来西亚的最高終審法院。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="马来西亚上诉庭">马来西亚上诉庭</a> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚高等法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚高等法庭</a> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚地方法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚地方法庭</a> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%8E%A8%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="马来西亚推事法庭">马来西亚推事法庭</a> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教法">伊斯兰教法</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="马来西亚回教法庭">马来西亚伊斯兰法庭</a> </td> <td>穆斯林日常生活事务 </td></tr> <tr> <td>王室 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚特别法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚特别法庭</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="马来西亚最高元首">最高元首</a>陛下以及9位来自各州<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="马来统治者">世袭统治者</a>殿下的法律事务 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评论"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E8.AE.BA"></span>评论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：评论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2020年12月16日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>前<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="马来西亚首相">首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AB" title="马哈迪·莫哈末">马哈迪·莫哈末</a>指出，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)" title="国民联盟 (马来西亚)">国民联盟</a>政府正在滥用马来西亚法律以达到其不民主和不公正的目的。他在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C" title="網誌">博客</a>撰文说：“我们会看到罪犯享有自由的生活。看来法律可以被滥用，以至于无法实现正义。”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚法令列表">马来西亚法令列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚执法单位（页面不存在）">马来西亚执法单位</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚司法体系（页面不存在）">马来西亚司法体系</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamic-world.net/islamic-state/malaysia.htm">"Malaysia Toward an Islamic State"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819135528/http://www.islamic-world.net/islamic-state/malaysia.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2007-08-19., <i>Islamic World</i>. Accessed 19 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharia_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/8/24/nation/18681665&sec=nation">"Minister: Study proposal on switch to Syariah law thoroughly"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825080839/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F8%2F24%2Fnation%2F18681665&sec=nation">存檔</a>，存档日期2007-08-25., <i>The Star</i>, 24 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enanyang.my/node/372812">马哈迪:“法律或被滥用正义难伸张”</a>. www.enanyang.my. 2020-12-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-12-17</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&rft.atitle=%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA%3A%E2%80%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E6%88%96%E8%A2%AB%E6%BB%A5%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E9%9A%BE%E4%BC%B8%E5%BC%A0%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.enanyang.my&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enanyang.my%2Fnode%2F372812&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20201216-1109232">马哈迪指责国盟政府滥用法律</a>. 早报. 2020-12-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108034300/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20201216-1109232">存档</a>于2021-01-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span 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title="刚迦王国">刚迦王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E7%89%99%E8%84%A9" title="狼牙脩">狼牙脩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E7%9B%98" title="盘盘">盘盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%89%93" title="古吉打">古吉打</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古彭亨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Pahang Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BD%AD%E4%BA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古彭亨（页面不存在）">古彭亨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Old Pahang Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Pahang Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>国境外 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="新加坡王国">淡马锡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E7%BD%97%E7%91%9C" title="末罗瑜">末罗瑜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%9B%E9%BD%90" title="三佛齐">三佛齐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%80%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%B7" title="满者伯夷">满者伯夷</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">伊斯兰君主国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%89%93%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="吉打苏丹国">吉打苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="汶萊帝國">汶萊帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马六甲苏丹国">马六甲苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%BA%A8" title="彭亨">彭亨苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="柔佛苏丹国">柔佛苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B9%E9%9D%82_(%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="霹靂 (馬來西亞)">霹雳苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%B9" title="吉兰丹">吉兰丹苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%98%89%E6%A8%93" title="登嘉樓">登嘉楼苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%98%AD%E8%8E%AA" title="雪蘭莪">雪兰莪苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%B0" title="森美兰">森美兰严端国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E5%B8%82" title="玻璃市">玻璃市拉惹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%A5%BF%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇祿蘇丹國">蘇祿蘇丹國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%BD%8A%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="亞齊蘇丹國">亞齊蘇丹國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="北大年苏丹国">北大年苏丹国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">殖民时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="葡属马六甲">葡属马六甲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="荷属马六甲">荷属马六甲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E" title="英屬馬來亞">英屬馬來亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="海峡殖民地">海峡殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="馬來聯邦">馬來聯邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E5%B1%AC%E9%82%A6" title="馬來屬邦">馬來屬邦</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2" title="英屬婆羅洲">英屬婆羅洲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="砂拉越王国">砂拉越王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E9%97%BD%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="纳闽直辖殖民地">纳闽直辖殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2" title="北婆羅洲">北婆羅洲</a></li></ul></li> <li>日据时期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="马来亚日占时期">日占马来亚</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="英屬婆羅洲日佔時期">日占婆罗洲</a></li></ul></li> <li>英国军事管制区 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%80_(%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E)" title="英國軍事管制區 (馬來亞)">馬來亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%80_(%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2)" title="英國軍事管制區 (婆羅洲)">婆罗洲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E" title="英屬馬來亞">英屬馬來亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="马来亚联邦">马来亚联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%82%A6" title="马来亚联合邦">马来亚联合邦</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="新加坡殖民地">新加坡殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="砂拉越直轄殖民地">砂拉越直轄殖民地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E5%8F%8D%E8%AE%A9%E6%B8%A1%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="砂拉越反让渡运动">砂拉越反让渡运动</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="北婆羅洲直轄殖民地">北婆羅洲直轄殖民地</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">独立自治</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5" title="马来西亚独立日">马来亚独立</a></li> <li>自治 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新加坡自治" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Pemerintahan sendiri Singapura"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡自治（页面不存在）">新加坡自治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_sendiri_Singapura" class="extiw" title="ms:Pemerintahan sendiri Singapura"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Pemerintahan sendiri Singapura</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E6%97%A5" title="砂拉越日">砂拉越自治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%A5" title="沙巴日">沙巴自治</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%A5" title="马来西亚日">马来西亚成立</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葛波委员会" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Suruhanjaya Cobbold"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%9B%E6%B3%A2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葛波委员会（页面不存在）">葛波委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Cobbold" class="extiw" title="ms:Suruhanjaya Cobbold"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Suruhanjaya Cobbold</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AE%AE%E6%A1%88%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95" title="1962年新加坡加入马来西亚议案公投">1962年新加坡公投</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%B7%9E" title="新加坡州">新加坡州</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史事件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">条约</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1824%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="1824年英荷條約">英荷条约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="伯尼條約">伯尼條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E5%92%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="邦咯条约">邦咯条约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="马来西亚协定">马来西亚协定</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政府际委员会报告（页面不存在）">政府际委员会报告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="1963年马来西亚法令">马来西亚法令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="十八点协议">十八点协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="二十点协议">二十点协议</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="马来西亚宣言">马来西亚宣言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟">东盟</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%9B%9F%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="东盟宣言">东盟宣言</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人民集会</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>净选盟大集会 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%80%E9%80%89%E7%9B%9F%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="2007年净选盟大集会">净选盟大集会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%80%E9%80%89%E7%9B%9F2.0%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="2011年净选盟2.0集会">净选盟2.0集会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%80%E9%80%89%E7%9B%9F3.0%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="2012年净选盟3.0集会">净选盟3.0集会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%80%E9%80%89%E7%9B%9F4.0%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="2015年净选盟4.0集会">净选盟4.0集会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%80%E9%80%89%E7%9B%9F5.0%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="2016年净选盟5.0集会">淨選盟5.0集會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反内安法令集会" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Himpunan Anti ISA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%86%85%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反内安法令集会（页面不存在）">反内安法令集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himpunan_Anti_ISA" class="extiw" title="ms:Himpunan Anti ISA"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Himpunan Anti ISA</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2013年人民起义大集会" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat 2013"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013年人民起义大集会（页面不存在）">人民起义大集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himpunan_Kebangkitan_Rakyat_2013" class="extiw" title="ms:Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat 2013"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat 2013</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E6%B6%A8%E4%BB%B7%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A" title="抗议涨价大集会">抗议涨价大集会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A3%E6%B4%81%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0" title="人民之声，圣洁之声">黑色505集会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚红衫军种族集会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2015 Malay Dignity rally"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%A2%E8%A1%AB%E5%86%9B%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚红衫军种族集会（页面不存在）">马来西亚红衫军种族集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Malay_Dignity_rally" class="extiw" title="en:2015 Malay Dignity rally"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2015 Malay Dignity rally</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8DICERD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83" title="反ICERD大集會">反ICERD大集會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">灾难</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BD%AA%E6%A1%88%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="马来西亚罪案问题">罪案</a></li> <li>社会类 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB" title="沙巴摩洛袭击">沙巴摩洛袭击</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8E%B1%E5%8F%9B%E4%B9%B1" title="文莱叛乱">文莱暴乱</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东南亚烟霾" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Jerebu Asia Tenggara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%9F%E9%9C%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东南亚烟霾（页面不存在）">东南亚烟霾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerebu_Asia_Tenggara" class="extiw" title="ms:Jerebu Asia Tenggara"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Jerebu Asia Tenggara</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="默玛里惨案" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Peristiwa Memali 1985"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E7%8E%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默玛里惨案（页面不存在）">默玛里惨案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristiwa_Memali_1985" class="extiw" title="ms:Peristiwa Memali 1985"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Peristiwa Memali 1985</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A5%A5%E7%8E%9B%E4%B9%8C%E7%BA%B3%E5%8F%9B%E4%B9%B1" title="2000年马来西亚奥玛乌纳叛乱">奥玛乌纳袭军事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%B9%E6%9D%9C%E9%9B%85%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%BD%E5%B8%83%E8%B0%8B%E6%9D%80%E6%A1%88" title="阿尔丹杜雅·沙丽布谋杀案">阿尔丹杜雅·沙丽布谋杀案</a></li></ul></li> <li>政治类 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B" title="馬來亞緊急狀態">馬來亞緊急狀態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%86%AC%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88" title="峇冬加里屠杀惨案">峇冬加里屠杀惨案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E9%80%A2%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="武吉哈逢緊急事件">武吉哈逢武装冲突</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%8E%B2%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%88" title="华玲和谈">华玲和谈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8F%9B%E4%B9%B1" title="砂拉越共产主义叛乱">砂共叛乱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1964年新加坡种族骚乱">1964年新加坡种族骚乱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%8F%9B%E4%B9%B1_(1968%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941989%E5%B9%B4)" title="马来亚共产党叛乱 (1968年—1989年)">马共叛乱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)" title="五一三事件 (马来西亚)">五一三事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="1993年马来西亚联邦宪法修正案">1993年马来西亚联邦宪法修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E4%BE%86%E7%99%BB%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="喜來登政變">喜來登政變</a></li></ul></li> <li>空难 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA370%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="马来西亚航空370号班机空难">马航MH370空难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA17%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="马来西亚航空17号班机空难">马航MH17空难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA8501%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="印尼亚洲航空8501号班机空难">亚航QZ8501空难</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="马来西亚行政区划">行政区划</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>区域 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="马来西亚半岛地区">马来西亚半岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%A6%AC" title="東馬">沙巴－砂拉越</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%B1%9E%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="马来西亚州属和联邦直辖区">一级行政区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%B1%9E%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="马来西亚州属和联邦直辖区">州属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="联邦直辖区">联邦直辖区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="马来西亚省份">省份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%BD" title="马来西亚县份">县份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87" title="Category:马来西亚市镇">市镇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚城市列表">城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="按华人人口百分比排列的马来西亚城市列表">华人</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚环境" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Alam Sekitar Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚环境（页面不存在）">地形地貌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_Sekitar_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Alam Sekitar Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Alam Sekitar Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚岛屿列表">岛屿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚湖泊列表">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚山峰列表">山峰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞火山列表">火山</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚国家公园列表">国家公园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞河流列表">河流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然资源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="Category:馬來西亞動物群">动物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="Category:馬來西亞植物群">植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="马来西亚供水">供水</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" title="议会制君主立宪制">政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="马来西亚联邦宪法">联邦宪法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="统治者会议">统治者会议</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚统治者列表">名单</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="马来统治者">马来统治者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="州元首">州元首</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="马来西亚最高元首">最高元首</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚地方政府">地方政府</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚国会">国会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="馬來西亞上議院">上议院</a> <small>- <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="马来西亚国会上议院主席">主席</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="馬來西亞下議院">下议院</a> <small>- <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="马来西亚国会下议院议长">议长</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚州议会">州议会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚法令列表">法令列表</a></li></ul></li> <li>民事法庭 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="马来西亚联邦法院">联邦法院</a> <small>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="马来西亚联邦首席大法官">首席大法官</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="马来西亚上诉法院">马来西亚上诉庭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚高等法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High Courts (Malaysia)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚高等法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚高等法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_(Malaysia)" class="extiw" title="en:High Courts (Malaysia)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High Courts (Malaysia)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚地方法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judiciary_of_Malaysia#Sessions_Courts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚地方法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚地方法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia#Sessions_Courts" class="extiw" title="en:Judiciary of Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judiciary_of_Malaysia#Sessions_Courts</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%8E%A8%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="马来西亚推事法庭">马来西亚推事法庭</a></li></ul></li> <li>宗教法庭 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="马来西亚回教法庭">回教法庭</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚特别法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judiciary of Malaysia#Other courts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚特别法庭（页面不存在）">马来西亚特别法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia#Other_courts" class="extiw" title="en:Judiciary of Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judiciary of Malaysia#Other courts</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="行政机关">行政</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="馬來西亞內閣">内阁</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="马来西亚首相">首相</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%B1%E5%AD%90%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="马来西亚影子内阁">影子內閣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚州政府">州政府</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="马来西亚各州政府首脑">州领袖</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">政要政党</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞政黨列表">政党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="马来西亚选举">选举</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%89%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚选区列表">选区</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">军事外交</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="马来西亚武装部队">武装部队</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B" title="马来西亚陆军">陆军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" title="马来西亚皇家海军">海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" title="马来西亚皇家空军">空军</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="马来西亚外交">外交</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主权争议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E2%80%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼—马来西亚对抗">马印对抗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙巴州争端" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Tuntutan Sabah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%89%E7%AB%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙巴州争端（页面不存在）">沙巴州争端</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuntutan_Sabah" class="extiw" title="ms:Tuntutan Sabah"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Tuntutan Sabah</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A2%A6%E5%8E%BF" title="林梦县">文莱索要林梦县</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1985年拿笃冲突" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Serangan hendap Lahad Datu 1985"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%BF%E7%AC%83%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985年拿笃冲突（页面不存在）">1985年拿笃冲突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_hendap_Lahad_Datu_1985" class="extiw" title="ms:Serangan hendap Lahad Datu 1985"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Serangan hendap Lahad Datu 1985</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%BF%E7%AF%A4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="2013年拿篤衝突">2013年拿篤衝突</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%90%89%E4%B8%B9%E5%B3%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E5%B3%B6%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="利吉丹島和西巴丹島主權爭議">利吉丹岛和西巴丹岛争端</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白礁岛争议" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Tuntutan bertindih mengenai Pulau Batu Puteh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%A4%81%E5%B2%9B%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白礁岛争议（页面不存在）">白礁岛争议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuntutan_bertindih_mengenai_Pulau_Batu_Puteh" class="extiw" title="ms:Tuntutan bertindih mengenai Pulau Batu Puteh"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Tuntutan bertindih mengenai Pulau Batu Puteh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="南海爭議">南海爭議</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="南沙群岛主权争议">南沙群岛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要政策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%A4%E5%90%89" title="馬來西亞令吉">货币<small>(令吉)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%E7%AD%96%E5%88%92%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81" title="第一大马远景策划纲要">OPP1<small>(1971－1990年)</small></a> <small>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)" title="新经济政策 (马来西亚)">新经济政策</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%E7%AD%96%E5%88%92%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81" title="第二大马远景策划纲要">OPP2<small>(1991－2000年)</small></a> <small>-<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家发展蓝图 (马来西亚)" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Dasar Pembangunan Nasional"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%93%9D%E5%9B%BE_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家发展蓝图 (马来西亚)（页面不存在）">国家发展蓝图</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasar_Pembangunan_Nasional" class="extiw" title="ms:Dasar Pembangunan Nasional"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Dasar Pembangunan Nasional</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%8F%E6%84%BF" title="2020年宏愿">2020年宏愿</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%E7%AD%96%E5%88%92%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81" title="第三大马远景策划纲要">OPP3<small>(2001-2010年)</small></a> <small>-<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家宏愿政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Development Policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%8F%E6%84%BF%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家宏愿政策（页面不存在）">国家宏愿政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Development_Policy" class="extiw" title="en:National Development Policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Development Policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新经济模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New Economic Model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新经济模式（页面不存在）">新经济模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Model" class="extiw" title="en:New Economic Model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New Economic Model</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>(2011-2020年)</small> <small>-<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2050年国家转型计划" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Transformasi Nasional 2050"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2050%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2050年国家转型计划（页面不存在）">2050年国家转型计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformasi_Nasional_2050" class="extiw" title="ms:Transformasi Nasional 2050"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Transformasi Nasional 2050</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济转型计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic Transformation Programme"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济转型计划（页面不存在）">经济转型计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Transformation_Programme" class="extiw" title="en:Economic Transformation Programme"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic Transformation Programme</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政府转型计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政府转型计划（页面不存在）">政府转型计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Transformation_Programme_(Malaysia)" class="extiw" title="en:Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他政策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚能源政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy policy of Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚能源政策（页面不存在）">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:Energy policy of Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy policy of Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚联邦预算" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Bajet persekutuan Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚联邦预算（页面不存在）">预算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajet_persekutuan_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Bajet persekutuan Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Bajet persekutuan Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%92%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="馬來西亞第二家園計劃">定居计划</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="马来西亚经济">马来西亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚各州国内生产总值列表">各州GDP</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚收入差距" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Jurang pendapatan di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚收入差距（页面不存在）">收入差距</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurang_pendapatan_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Jurang pendapatan di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Jurang pendapatan di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚贫穷问题" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Kemiskinan di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%B4%AB%E7%A9%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚贫穷问题（页面不存在）">贫穷问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiskinan_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Kemiskinan di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Kemiskinan di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚银行列表">银行</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="马来西亚国家银行">国家银行</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="马来西亚股票交易所">交易所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%95%86%E5%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚商场列表">商场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%9E%E9%94%81%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚连锁超市列表">连锁超市</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">产业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚农业" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Pertanian di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚农业（页面不存在）">农业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Pertanian di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Pertanian di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">经济特区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="马来西亚依斯干达经济特区">马来西亚依斯干达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="北马经济特区">北马经济特区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="东海岸经济特区">东海岸经济特区</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="砂拉越再生能源走廊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂拉越再生能源走廊（页面不存在）">砂拉越再生能源走廊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_Corridor_of_Renewable_Energy" class="extiw" title="en:Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙巴发展走廊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sabah Development Corridor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙巴发展走廊（页面不存在）">沙巴发展走廊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah_Development_Corridor" class="extiw" title="en:Sabah Development Corridor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sabah Development Corridor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">交通</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" title="马来西亚铁路运输">铁路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A" title="Category:馬來西亞鐵路線">城市轨道交通</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="Category:马来西亚道路">公路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="马来西亚高速公路">高速公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="Category:馬來西亞巴士">巴士</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" title="Category:马来西亚水路运输">水路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="Category:马来西亚港口">港口</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚机场列表">航空</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚航空公司列表">航空公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚机场列表">机场</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="Template:马来西亚人口">族群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="马来西亚人口">人口</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="马来西亚人">马来西亚人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="马来西亚马来人">马来人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA" title="汶萊馬來人">汶萊馬來人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬來西亞華人">华人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹 <small>(土生华人)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="马来西亚印度人">印度人</a></li> <li>少数民族 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%91%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="巴瑤人">巴瑤族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%8F%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="比达友人">比达友人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="伊班人">伊班人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马兰诺人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melanau people"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%BA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马兰诺人（页面不存在）">马兰诺人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanau_people" class="extiw" title="en:Melanau people"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melanau people</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%BE%E5%B1%B1-%E6%9D%9C%E9%A1%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="卡达山-杜顺人">卡达山-杜顺人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%81%94%E5%A4%AE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="卡達央族">卡達央族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%BA%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="伦巴旺族">伦巴旺族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%97%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="本南族">本南族</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="马来西亚文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="馬來西亞語言">语言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="馬來西亞華語">馬來西亞華語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="馬來西亞英語">馬來西亞英語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="馬來西亞宗教">宗教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚宗教自由" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Kebebasan beragama di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚宗教自由（页面不存在）">马来西亚宗教自由</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebebasan_beragama_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Kebebasan beragama di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Kebebasan beragama di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F" title="馬來西亞公共假期">节假日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="馬來西亞飲食">饮食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="馬來西亞人名">人名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="Category:馬來西亞建築物">建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="馬來西亞電影">电影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="马来西亚动画">动画</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚文学" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Sastera Melayu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚文学（页面不存在）">文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastera_Melayu" class="extiw" title="ms:Sastera Melayu"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Sastera Melayu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚音乐" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Muzik Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚音乐（页面不存在）">音乐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Muzik Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Muzik Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来民间故事" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Cerita dongeng masyarakat Melayu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来民间故事（页面不存在）">马来民间故事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerita_dongeng_masyarakat_Melayu" class="extiw" title="ms:Cerita dongeng masyarakat Melayu"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Cerita dongeng masyarakat Melayu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A" title="马来人至上">马来人至上</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="马来西亚教育">教育</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚大学列表">大学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="马来西亚中学">中学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%9E%8B%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="国民型华文中学">华文中学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="华文独立中学">独立中学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">媒体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%A4%BE" title="马来西亚国家新闻社">国家新闻社</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚传媒" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Media Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚传媒（页面不存在）">传媒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Media Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Media Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A0%B1%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞報刊列表">报刊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞電視頻道列表">电视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞電台列表">电台</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2" title="马来西亚体育">体育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E5%81%A5%E4%BF%9D" title="马来西亚医疗健保">医疗健保</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="马来西亚医院列表">医院</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚科技" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Sains dan teknologi di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚科技（页面不存在）">科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_dan_teknologi_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Sains dan teknologi di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Sains dan teknologi di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚通讯" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Telekomunikasi di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚通讯（页面不存在）">通讯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telekomunikasi_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Telekomunikasi di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Telekomunikasi di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚电话区号" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telephone numbers in Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚电话区号（页面不存在）">电话区号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="en:Telephone numbers in Malaysia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telephone numbers in Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="马来西亚邮政编码">邮编</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚旅游" data-lang-code="id" data-lang-name="印度尼西亚语" data-foreign-title="Pariwisata di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚旅游（页面不存在）">旅游</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">印度尼西亚语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="id:Pariwisata di Malaysia"><span lang="id" dir="auto">Pariwisata di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="馬來西亞世界遺產列表">世界遗产</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来西亚人权" data-lang-code="ms" data-lang-name="馬來語" data-foreign-title="Hak asasi manusia di Malaysia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚人权（页面不存在）">人权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">馬來語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia_di_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="ms:Hak asasi manusia di Malaysia"><span lang="ms" dir="auto">Hak asasi manusia di Malaysia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9ALGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A" title="马来西亚LGBT权益">LGBT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=马来西亚法律制度&oldid=74879286">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=马来西亚法律制度&oldid=74879286</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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