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sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Beton" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Beton" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Beton" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Beton" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belangrike_aanwendings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangrike_aanwendings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Belangrike aanwendings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangrike_aanwendings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Beton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 113 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok" title="Tembok – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tembok" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornig%C3%B3n" title="Fornigón – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fornigón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="خرسانة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خرسانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86" title="بيطون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيطون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Formigón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بتون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedau" title="Bedau – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bedau" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бэтон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэтон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="কংক্রিট – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কংক্রিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beto%C3%B1s" title="Betoñs – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Betoñs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3" title="Formigó – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Formigó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کۆنکریت – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنکریت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrit" title="Concrit – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Concrit" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betonvaney" title="Betonvaney – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Betonvaney" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Σκυρόδεμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκυρόδεμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betono" title="Betono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Betono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormig%C3%B3n" title="Hormigón – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hormigón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoon" title="Betoon – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Betoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormigoi" title="Hormigoi – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hormigoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%86" title="بتن – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoni" title="Betoni – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Betoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ton_de_ciment" title="Béton de ciment – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béton de ciment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ton" title="Bèton – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bèton" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincr%C3%A9it" title="Coincréit – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coincréit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruadhtan" title="Cruadhtan – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cruadhtan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Formigón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ng-k%C3%BA-li%CC%8Dt" title="Không-kú-li̍t – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Không-kú-li̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בטון – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="कंक्रीट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंक्रीट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Բետոն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բետոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betono" title="Betono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Betono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinsteypa" title="Steinsteypa – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steinsteypa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcestruzzo" title="Calcestruzzo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calcestruzzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="コンクリート – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンクリート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბეტონი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="បេតុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បេតុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="콘크리트 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘크리트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudus_concretum" title="Rudus concretum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rudus concretum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABtong" title="Bëtong – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bëtong" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C3%B3n" title="Petón – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Petón" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botumm" title="Botumm – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Botumm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betonas" title="Betonas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Betonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betons" title="Betons – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Betons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="കോൺക്രീറ്റ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോൺക്രീറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkrit" title="Konkrit – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konkrit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="कङ्क्रिट – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कङ्क्रिट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betum" title="Betum – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Betum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87" title="گاگره – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گاگره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concreto" title="Concreto – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concreto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiyun" title="Urmiyun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urmiyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%B3n" title="Betón – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Betón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoni" title="Betoni – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Betoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zege" title="Zege – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zege" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="பைஞ்சுதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பைஞ்சுதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="కాంక్రీటు – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాంక్రీటు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="คอนกรีต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอนกรีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongkreto" title="Kongkreto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kongkreto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کنکریٹ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کنکریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concreto" title="Concreto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Concreto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AA_t%C3%B4ng" title="Bê tông – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bê tông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkreto" title="Konkreto – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Konkreto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="混凝土 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="混凝土" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekhonkrithi" title="Ekhonkrithi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ekhonkrithi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბეტონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბეტონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בעטאן – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בעטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:B%C3%A9ton02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/B%C3%A9ton02.JPG/220px-B%C3%A9ton02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/B%C3%A9ton02.JPG/330px-B%C3%A9ton02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/B%C3%A9ton02.JPG/440px-B%C3%A9ton02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Die tekstuur van moderne beton</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beton</b> (afgelei van die <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Franse</a> term <i>béton</i>) is 'n werkbare plastiese mengsel van droë bestanddele soos gruis (gebreekte klip), <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> (riviersand) en <a href="/wiki/Sement" title="Sement">sement</a> in spesifieke proporsies wat met <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> aangemaak word.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdeur ontstaan 'n vloeibare massa wat maklik in die gewenste vorm gebring kan word en toegelaat word om te verhard. As hidrouliese bindmiddel reageer sement chemies met water en ander vaste bestanddele en vorm uiteindelik 'n soliede matriks waarin alle uitgangsmateriale saamgebind word tot 'n harde en duursame steenagtige materiaal wat veral by <a href="/wiki/Konstruksie" title="Konstruksie">bouwerk</a> gebruik word. </p><p>Die invloed van die sementvervaardigingproses op die omgewingsbalans is egter verontrustend. Dit veroorsaak tussen ses en agt persent van die totale wêreldwye koolstofdioksied-vrystellings.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg/220px-Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg/330px-Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg/440px-Aq_Mons_Beton_romain_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="2111" /></a><figcaption>Vir die vervaardiging van Romeinse beton (<i>opus caementitium</i>) is – naas gebreekte stene, gebrande kalk, sand en water – vulkaniese puzzolansand as hidrouliese bindmiddel gebruik. Dit maak antieke beton meer bestand teen natuurlike verwering as moderne variante<br /><small>Foto: Michel Royon, Wikipédia France</small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:KolosseumPalatin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/KolosseumPalatin.jpg/220px-KolosseumPalatin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/KolosseumPalatin.jpg/330px-KolosseumPalatin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/KolosseumPalatin.jpg/440px-KolosseumPalatin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Kolosseum</a> in Rome - een van die magtigste antieke geboue waarvoor naas steenblokke beton gebruik is - is ondanks sy ouderdom en aardbewings in 'n puik toestand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses,_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-El_Pante%C3%B3n_de_los_Dioses%2C_en_Roma_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Panteon_in_Rome" title="Panteon in Rome">Panteon in Rome</a> se koepel - die grootste ooit wat van ongewapende beton gebou is</figcaption></figure> <p>Die vroegste grootskaalse gebruik van beton dateer terug tot die antieke tydperk. 'n Vroeë voorloper van beton was messelklei wat van kalk berei is en in <a href="/wiki/Antieke_Egipte" title="Antieke Egipte">Antieke Egipte</a> onder meer vir die bou van <a href="/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide">piramides</a> gebruik is. Hierdie boumateriaal is later deur <a href="/wiki/Antieke_Griekeland" title="Antieke Griekeland">Griekse</a> en uiteindelik ook <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse</a> boumeesters oorgeneem. Die laasgenoemdes het dit verder ontwikkel tot 'n veelsydige boumateriaal wat in <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> <i>opus caementicium</i> genoem is. Hierdie term het eintlik na die metode verwys waarvolgens aanvanklik fondamente en later ook hele betongeboue ontstaan het. Tussen twee <a href="/wiki/Baksteen" title="Baksteen">baksteenmure</a> is 'n mengsel van kalk, water, sand en klippe gegiet. Danksy die stabiliteit van dié materiaal kon 'n groot verskeidenheid Romeinse bouwerke soos die <a href="/wiki/Kolosseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolosseum">Kolosseum</a> en <a href="/wiki/Panteon" title="Panteon">Panteon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> van beton gebou word. Die Panteon se koepel is steeds die grootste ter wêreld wat sonder die gebruik van <a href="/wiki/Gewapende_beton" title="Gewapende beton">gewapende beton</a> verwesenlik is.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een van die belangrikste Romeinse innovasies was die ontwikkeling van beton wat waterbestand was en die bou van gesofistikeerde hawegeriewe soos dié in <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia</a> buite Rome moontlik gemaak het.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ná die val van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> in die laat <a href="/wiki/5de_eeu" title="5de eeu">5de eeu</a> <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">n.C.</a> het antieke betontegnologie in vergetelheid geraak en is beton nouliks as boumateriaal ingespan. Eers teen die middel van die <a href="/wiki/18de_eeu" title="18de eeu">18de eeu</a> het betontegnologie veral in Frankryk 'n herlewing ervaar waar argitekte vanaf die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> met versterkte beton vir vloere en suile begin eksperimenteer het. Die Franse term <i>béton </i>is onder meer in <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> en <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> as <a href="/wiki/Leenwoord" title="Leenwoord">leenwoord</a> oorgeneem. </p><p>Maar dit was veral die ontdekking van <a href="/wiki/Portlandsement" title="Portlandsement">portlandsement</a> – 'n samestelling van kalksteen, leem en <a href="/wiki/Gips" title="Gips">gips</a> – deur die <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engelse</a> nyweraar <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aspdin" title="Joseph Aspdin">Joseph Aspdin</a> (1778–1855) in 1824 wat 'n <a href="/wiki/Rewolusie" title="Rewolusie">omwenteling</a> in die moderne boubedryf teweeggebring het.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vandag is beton volgens <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tonnemaat</a> die mees gebruikte mensgemaakte boumateriaal wat veelsydig en ekonomies ingespan kan word. So word in toenemende mate gebruik gemaak van betonpaaie wat veel langer hou as teerpaaie en feitlik geen onderhoudkoste meebring nie.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belangrike Suid-Afrikaanse bydraes tot moderne betontegnologie sluit die gebruik van slak in beton, die gebruik van beton in die mynbou en die gebruik van vergruisde aggregate in.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belangrike_aanwendings">Belangrike aanwendings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Belangrike aanwendings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Belangrike aanwendings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg/220px-Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg/330px-Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg/440px-Barbican_Estate_Tower_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brutalisme" title="Brutalisme">Brutalisme</a> is 'n argitektoniese styl wat veral in die 1960's en 1970's gewild geraak het, met ontblote betonfasades as een van sy hoofkenmerke: <a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Massabeton word in 'n aaneenlopende massa en sonder bewapening in posisie gegiet en dien veral as vulmateriaal. Dit is uitsluitlik bestand teen drukkragte, maar nie teen trek- of buigspanning nie.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gewapende_beton" title="Gewapende beton">Gewapende beton</a> is beton wat vir gebruik in moderne boustrukture soos pilare, balke, vloere, <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">damme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pad" title="Pad">paaie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brug" title="Brug">brûe</a> verder versterk word deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">yster</a>- of <a href="/wiki/Staal" title="Staal">staalraamwerk</a> om dit meer bestand te maak teen trek-, buig- en skuifspanning.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolbeton" title="Rolbeton">Rolbeton</a> (of rollergekompakteerde beton), is 'n mengsel van sement, <a href="/wiki/Vliegas" title="Vliegas">vliegas</a>, water, sand en bymiddels, met 'n laer waterinhoud as gewone beton, wat vir die bou van damme en paaie gebruik word.</li> <li>Voorafgegote beton word in vorms gegiet vir die vervaardiging van 'n verskeidenheid bouelemente soos <a href="/wiki/Muur" title="Muur">mure</a>, stene, vensterbanke, randstene, stormwaterpype en lateie.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuitbeton" title="Spuitbeton">Spuitbeton</a>, ook spuitsement genoem, is sementbeton wat met <a href="/wiki/Lugdruk" title="Lugdruk">lugdruk</a> (pneumaties) deur saamgeperste <a href="/wiki/Aarde_se_atmosfeer" title="Aarde se atmosfeer">lug</a> op voorwerpe gespuit en deur die botsingenergie verdig word.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor Haas, Neil Simons en John Ellis: <i>Siviele Tegnologie - Leerderboek vir Graad 12</i>. Braamfontein: Future Managers 2013, bl. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemietechnik.de/klimabilanz-der-zementindustrie/"><i>chemietechnik.de, 25 Maart 2019: Klimabilanz der Zementindustrie. Besoek op 28 Januarie 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanconcrete.com/docs/chapt01/chapt01.htm"><i>www.romanconcrete.com: David Moore, P.E.: The Pantheon. Besoek op 7 Julie 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernd-nebel.de/bruecken/index.html?/bruecken/6_technik/beton/beton.html"><i>www.bernd-nebel.de: Brücken aus Beton und Stahlbeton. Besoek op 13 Februarie 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel Claassen: <i>Byderwets met beton</i>. In: <i>Suid-Afrikaanse Panorama</i>, volume 31, nommer 12, Desember 1986, bl. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Claassen (1986), bl. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2011/02/11/B1/8/assement.html"><i>Beeld, 11 Februarie 2011: Beton in padbou is steeds prakties. Besoek op 10 Mei 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Claassen (1986), bl. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F.F. Odendal & R.H. Gouws: <i>HAT Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. 5de uitgawe met CD-ROM</i>. Pearson Education South Africa 2005, bl. 91</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gewapende_beton" title="Gewapende beton">Gewapende beton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstruksie" title="Konstruksie">Konstruksie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portlandsement" title="Portlandsement">Portlandsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolbeton" title="Rolbeton">Rolbeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sement" title="Sement">Sement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuitbeton" title="Spuitbeton">Spuitbeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalisme" title="Brutalisme">Brutalisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Romeinse beton</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/04/why-roman-concrete-still-stands-strong-while-modern-version-decays">Nicola Davis: <i>Why Roman concrete still stands strong while modern version decays</i>. In: <i>The Guardian</i>, 4 Julie 2017</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/geschichte/article166474367/Warum-der-Beton-der-Roemer-haltbarer-war-als-moderner.html"><i>welt.de: Warum der Beton der Römer haltbarer war als moderner</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focus.de/wissen/technik/roemische-baukunst-roemer-konnten-es-besser-als-wir-roemischer-beton-uebersteht-jahrtausende_id_7339977.html"><i> focus.de: Darum hält antiker Beton länger als der heutige</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/antike-gebaeude-in-rom-jahre-alter-beton-1.2267884"><i>Süddeutsche Zeitung: 2000 Jahre alter Beton</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scinexx.de/wissen-aktuell-16225-2013-06-07.html"><i>sinexx.de: Geheimnis des römischen Betons enträtselt</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Geskiedenis van beton</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baustoffwissen.de/wissen-baustoffe/baustoffknowhow/grundstoffe/beton/baustoff-beton-geschichte/"><i>baustoffwissen.de: Die Geschichte des Baustoffes Beton</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planet-wissen.de/technik/werkstoffe/beton_der_formbare_stein/index.html"><i>planet-wissen.de: Beton</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete-history/"><i>concretenetwork.com: Timeline of Concrete & Cement History</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concretecontractor.com/concrete-history/"><i>concretecontractor.com: The History of Concrete</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theconcreteprotector.com/history-of-concrete/"><i>The Concrete Protector: The History of Concrete</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nachi.org/history-of-concrete.htm"><i>International Association of Certified Home Inspectors: The History of Concrete</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150824-concrete-a-brief-history"><i>bbc.com: Concrete: A Brief History</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Verenigings</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; 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