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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisher_Body_Corporation_and_General_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisher_Body_Corporation_and_General_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fisher Body Corporation and General Motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisher_Body_Corporation_and_General_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extent_of_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extent_of_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Extent of operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extent_of_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisher_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisher_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fisher family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fisher_family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fisher family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fisher_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mansions_in_Detroit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mansions_in_Detroit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mansions in Detroit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mansions_in_Detroit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Milestones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fisher_Body&params=42.369_N_83.063_W_region:US-MI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°03′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.369°N 83.063°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.369; -83.063</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Automobile coachbuilder and division of General Motors</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fisher_Body&params=42.369_N_83.063_W_region:US-MI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°03′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.369°N 83.063°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.369; -83.063</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Fisher Body</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FisherBodyLogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a8/FisherBodyLogo.jpg/220px-FisherBodyLogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a8/FisherBodyLogo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Division of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 22, 1908<span class="noprint">; 116 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1908-07-22</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Fred Fisher, Charles Fisher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1984</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Dissolved by GM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Detroit, Michigan</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fisher Body</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">coachbuilder</a> founded by the Fisher brothers in 1908 in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a>. </p><p>In 1984, General Motors dissolved its Fisher Body Division — as part of its extensive North American restructuring. Eight parts-making facilities from within the Fisher division were combined with the Guide division, which manufactured headlights and plastic parts, to form the Fisher Guide Division. Other plants formerly operated by Fisher were reorganized to become the Chevrolet Pontiac, GM of Canada and the Buick Oldsmobile Cadillac (BOC) group.<sup id="cite_ref-breakup_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breakup-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name and its iconic "Body by Fisher" logo were widely known, as General Motors vehicles (except the fiberglass Chevrolet Corvette which got a "Body by Chevrolet" tag) each displayed a "Body by Fisher" emblem on their door sill plates until Fisher Body's demise. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisher_brothers">Fisher brothers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fisher brothers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/200px-Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/300px-Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/400px-Charles_T_Fisher_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2947" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Tudor revival style mansion of Charles T. Fisher, president of Fisher Body corporation in Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Boston-Edison_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston-Edison Historic District">Boston-Edison Historic District</a>, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Mason (architect)">George Mason</a><sup id="cite_ref-det_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-det-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Fisher Body's beginnings trace back to a horse-drawn carriage shop in <a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Ohio" title="Norwalk, Ohio">Norwalk, Ohio</a>, in the late 1800s. Lawrence P. Fisher (1852 Peru, Ohio – 1921, Norwalk, Ohio) and his wife Margaret Theisen (1857 <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, Germany – 1936 Detroit, Michigan) had a large family of eleven children; seven were sons who would become part of the Fisher Body Company in Detroit. Lawrence and Margaret were married in <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky, Ohio</a>, in 1876. Margaret Theisen Fisher lived in Detroit after her husband died. </p><p>The Fisher brothers were: </p> <ol><li>Frederick John Fisher (1878–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Fisher" title="Charles T. Fisher">Charles Thomas Fisher</a> (1880–1963)</li> <li>William Andrew Fisher (1886–1969)</li> <li>Lawrence P. Fisher (1888–1961)</li> <li>Edward F. Fisher (1891–1972)</li> <li>Alfred J. Fisher (1892–1963)</li> <li>Howard A. Fisher (1902–1942)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1904 and 1905, the two eldest brothers, Fred and Charles, came to Detroit where their uncle <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fisher_(Detroit)" title="Albert Fisher (Detroit)">Albert Fisher</a> had established Standard Wagon Works during the latter part of the 1880s. The brothers found work at the C. R. Wilson Company, a manufacturer of horse-drawn carriage bodies that was beginning to make bodies for automobile manufacturers. With financing from their uncle, on July 22, 1908, Fred and Charles Fisher established the Fisher Body Company. Their uncle soon wanted out, and the brothers obtained the needed funds from businessman <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mendelssohn" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mendelssohn">Louis Mendelssohn</a> who became a shareholder and director. Soon Charles and Fred Fisher brought their five younger brothers into the business. </p><p>Prior to forming the company, Fred Fisher had built the first closed-body coupe, the 1905 Cadillac Osceola at the C. R. Wilson Company. The Osceola was requested by Cadillac founder Henry M. Leland to determine the feasibility of a car body that was closed to the elements. It was built on the chassis of the 1905 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Runabout_and_Tonneau#Model_E_(1905)" title="Cadillac Runabout and Tonneau">Cadillac Model E</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1910, Fisher became the supplier of all closed bodies for <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland (automobile)">Oakland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a>. </p><p>In the early years of the company, the Fisher Brothers had to develop new body designs because the "horseless carriage" bodies lacked the strength to withstand the vibration of the new motorcars. By 1913, the Fisher Body Company had the capacity to produce 100,000 cars per year and customers included: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/K-R-I-T_Motor_Car_Company" title="K-R-I-T Motor Car Company">Krit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Automobile" title="Chalmers Automobile">Chalmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a>. Highly successful, they expanded into Canada, establishing a plant in <a href="/wiki/Walkerville,_Ontario" title="Walkerville, Ontario">Walkerville, Ontario</a>. By 1914 their operations had grown to become the world's largest manufacturer of auto bodies. One reason for their success was the development of interchangeable wooden body parts that did not require hand-fitting, as was the case in the construction of carriages. This required the design of new precision woodworking tools. </p><p>The Fisher Body and Buick chassis were built in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, in the 1920s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Unreferenced, like the rest of it. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisher_Body_Corporation_and_General_Motors">Fisher Body Corporation and General Motors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fisher Body Corporation and General Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/220px-Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/330px-Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/440px-Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Fisher Body Plant 21, Piquette and St. Antoine</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1916, the company became the Fisher Body Corporation. Its capacity was 370,000 bodies per year and its customers included <a href="/wiki/Abbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbot (automobile)">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Automobile" title="Chalmers Automobile">Chalmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandler_Motor_Car" title="Chandler Motor Car">Chandler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church-Field" title="Church-Field">Church-Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmore_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmore (automobile)">Elmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-M-F_Company" title="E-M-F Company">EMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herreshoff_(automobile)" title="Herreshoff (automobile)">Herreshoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/K-R-I-T_Motor_Car_Company" title="K-R-I-T Motor Car Company">Krit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland (automobile)">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regal_(automobile)" title="Regal (automobile)">Regal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a>. </p><p>The company constructed the now-abandoned <a href="/wiki/SmithGroup" title="SmithGroup">Smith, Hinchman & Grylls</a>-designed<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisher Body Plant 21 (commonly misattributed to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kahn_(architect)" title="Albert Kahn (architect)">Albert Kahn</a>, who designed the historic landmark <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a>), on Piquette Street, in Detroit, in 1919. The building is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Piquette_Avenue_Industrial_Historic_District" title="Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District">Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District</a> and is being revived by Detroit developers Greg Jackson and Richard Hosey and architecture firm McIntosh Poris Architects as Fisher 21 Lofts, a mixed-use project combining 433 apartments and commercial spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Fisher had more than 40 buildings encompassing 3,700,000 square feet (344,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of floor space. </p> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg/220px-MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg/330px-MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg/440px-MPA_Fisher_Body_220203_South_Elevation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4519" data-file-height="2936" /></a><figcaption>Fisher 21 Lofts Rendering, McIntosh Poris Architects.</figcaption></figure>Fisher Body – West Fort & Livernois</li> <li>Fisher Body Plant 2 (wood kiln) – St. Antoine</li> <li>Fisher Body Plant 4 – Oakland Ave.</li> <li>Fisher Body Plant 12 – 1961 E. Milwaukee</li> <li>Fisher Body Plant 18 (aka Cadillac Fleetwood Plant) – West End Ave</li> <li>Fisher Plant 21 – 700 Piquette</li> <li>Fisher Plant 23 – 601 Piquette</li> <li>Fisher Plant 37 – 950 E. Milwaukee at Hastings</li></ul> <p>In a 1919 deal put together by president <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a>, General Motors bought 60% of the company. The Fisher company purchased <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Metal_Body" title="Fleetwood Metal Body">Fleetwood Metal Body</a> in 1925, and in 1926 was integrated entirely as an in-house coachbuilding division of General Motors. Fisher Body Division was dissolved in 1984, with some of its plants taken over by the newly created Fisher Guide Division (later Inland Fisher Guide), and the remaining facilities absorbed by other GM operations. </p><p>Founded in 1947 by members of the Fisher family, <i>Fisher & Company</i> continues to use the name, with such divisions as Fisher Dynamics.<sup id="cite_ref-fisherco.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisherco.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extent_of_operations">Extent of operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Extent of operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From its beginning in the "horseless carriage shop" in Norwalk, Ohio, to its sale in 1919 and 1926 to General Motors, the Fisher Body Company was built by the Fisher brothers into one of the world's largest manufacturing companies. </p><p>The company owned 160,000 acres (650 km<sup>2</sup>) of timberland and used more wood, carpet, tacks, and thread than any other manufacturer in the world. It had more than 40 plants and employed more than 100,000 people, and pioneered many improvements in tooling and automobile design including closed all-weather bodies. </p><p>Fisher Body's contribution to the war effort in WWI and WWII included the production of airplanes and <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>. Alfred J. Fisher was Aircraft Director for Fisher Body. Fisher Body developed the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">Fisher P-75 Eagle</a> heavy fighter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisher_family">Fisher family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fisher family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 14, 1944, the Fisher brothers resigned from General Motors to devote their time to other interests, including the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a> on West <a href="/wiki/Grand_Boulevard_(Detroit)" title="Grand Boulevard (Detroit)">Grand Boulevard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. The brothers also mounted a bid to take over <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson Motors</a>, but their <a href="/wiki/Tender_offer" title="Tender offer">tender offer</a> fell short of its market value and the effort was rejected by stockholders. </p><p>On January 19, 1972, the last of the Fisher brothers died. The seven brothers donated millions of dollars to schools, churches, and other charitable causes and were active in directing those endeavors. </p><p>The Fisher family has continued on in the automotive industry with Fisher Corporation (metal stamping), General Safety (seat belts), and Fisher Dynamics (seat mechanisms & structures), in the U.S., Mexico, China, and India. </p><p>On July 22, 2008, Fisher Coachworks, LLC was launched with Gregory W. Fisher, grandson of Alfred J. Fisher, as CEO. The new company was developing a prototype of the GTB-40, a hybrid-electric 40' transit bus developed by Autokinetics of <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills, Michigan</a>, that uses <a href="/wiki/Nitronic" title="Nitronic">Nitronic</a>, a stainless steel alloy developed by AK Steel that allows the bus to be half the nominal weight of a standard transit bus and achieve twice the fuel economy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, Fisher Coachworks, LLC went out of business after two years, producing only a single prototype bus. On March 3, 2011, the Michigan Economic Development Corporation received a check for $29,000 for all of Fisher CoachWorks’ remaining assets. </p><p>Alfred J. Fisher Jr., an automotive safety pioneer and son of Fisher Body's Alfred J. Fisher Sr., died June 19, 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mansions_in_Detroit">Mansions in Detroit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mansions in Detroit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Mansions in Detroit owned (at one time) by the Fisher family, by address </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Address </th> <th scope="col">Neighborhood </th> <th scope="col">Architect </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Area </th> <th scope="col">Brother </th> <th scope="col">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">54 Arden Park Boulevard </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Arden_Park%E2%80%93East_Boston_Historic_District" title="Arden Park–East Boston Historic District">Arden Park-East Boston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_D._Mason" title="George D. Mason">George D. Mason</a> </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>10,800 sq. ft. </td> <td>Frederick J. </td> <td>Private residence </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">670 West Boston Boulevard </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston%E2%80%93Edison_Historic_District" title="Boston–Edison Historic District">Boston-Edison</a> </td> <td>George D. Mason </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>18,000 sq. ft. </td> <td>Charles T. </td> <td>Private residence </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1791 Wellesley Drive </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Woods" title="Palmer Woods">Palmer Woods</a> </td> <td>Richard H. Marr </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>20,000 sq. ft. </td> <td>William A. </td> <td>Fire in 1994; demolished </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">383 Lenox Avenue </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%E2%80%93Chalmers_Historic_Business_District" title="Jefferson–Chalmers Historic Business District">Jefferson–Chalmers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C._Howard_Crane" title="C. Howard Crane">C. Howard Crane</a> </td> <td>1928 </td> <td>22,000 sq. ft. </td> <td>Lawrence P. </td> <td>Bhaktivedanta Cultural Center </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">892 West Boston Boulevard </th> <td>Boston-Edison </td> <td>Richard H. Marr </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>10,000 sq. ft. </td> <td>Edward F. </td> <td>Private residence </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1771 Balmoral Drive </th> <td>Palmer Woods </td> <td>Richard H. Marr </td> <td>1926 </td> <td>20,000 sq. ft. </td> <td>Alfred J. </td> <td>Private residence </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milestones">Milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1930 – Slanted windshields for reduced glare</li> <li>1933 – "No-Draft" ventilation, also known as <a href="/wiki/Quarter_glass" title="Quarter glass">Ventiplanes</a></li> <li>1934 – One-piece steel "turret top" roofs<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1935 – Former <a href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant Motors</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing, Michigan</a>, opens</li> <li>1936 – Dual windshield wipers</li> <li>1959 – Developed and produced GM's first <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> car – The 1960 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvair" title="Chevrolet Corvair">Chevrolet Corvair</a></li> <li>1969 – Fisher's <a href="/wiki/Anti-intrusion_bar" title="Anti-intrusion bar">"Side Guard Beam"</a> is introduced. Ternstedt Division merged into Fisher Body.</li> <li>1974 – Invented the <a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignition interlock">ignition interlock</a> system</li> <li>1974 – Produced GM's first <a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">airbag</a></li> <li>1975 – Fisher develops GM's first all-metric vehicle, the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Chevette" title="Chevrolet Chevette">Chevrolet Chevette</a></li> <li>1979 – Fisher Northern Ireland established, opens plant in <a href="/wiki/Dundonald,_County_Down" title="Dundonald, County Down">Dundonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li>1984 – Fisher Body Division dissolves, with its operations transferred to other GM divisions. These include newly created Fisher Guide Division, Chevrolet-Pontiac-Canada Group, and Buick-Oldsmobile-Cadillac Group.</li> <li>1988 – Fisher Guide closes Hamilton/Fairfield, Ohio, facility</li> <li>1989 – Fisher Guide merges with Inland Division to become Inland Fisher Guide</li> <li>1990 – Inland Fisher Guide closes <a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria, Ohio</a>, facility</li> <li>1995 – Inland Fisher Guide absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Delphi_Automotive_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphi Automotive Systems">Delphi Automotive Systems</a></li> <li>2008 – Fisher Coachworks, LLC, officially launches and begins development of the GTB-40 transit bus</li> <li>2010 – Fisher Coachworks, LLC, folds and is liquidated the following year.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_products">Other products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Aircraft</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">Fisher P-75 Eagle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-breakup-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-breakup_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolusha1984" class="citation news cs1">Holusha, John (July 4, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1984/07/04/043616.html?pageNumber=44">"Fisher Unit Breakup Completed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fisher+Unit+Breakup+Completed&rft.date=1984-07-04&rft.aulast=Holusha&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1984%2F07%2F04%2F043616.html%3FpageNumber%3D44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFisher+Body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-det-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-det_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/historic/districts/boston_edison.pdf">Boston-Edison Historic District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102929/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/historic/districts/boston_edison.pdf">Archived</a> July 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the City of Detroit Planning and Development Department.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autoconcept-reviews.com/cars_reviews/cadillac/cadillac-osceola-coupe-1905/cars_reviews-cadillac-osceola-coupe-1905.html">"1905 Cadillac Osceola"</a>. <i>Auto Concept Reviews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auto+Concept+Reviews.com&rft.atitle=1905+Cadillac+Osceola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoconcept-reviews.com%2Fcars_reviews%2Fcadillac%2Fcadillac-osceola-coupe-1905%2Fcars_reviews-cadillac-osceola-coupe-1905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFisher+Body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeek2022" class="citation web cs1">Peek, Jeff (2022-09-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hagerty.com/media/automotive-history/how-detroits-transportation-landmarks-are-or-arent-being-saved-from-ruin/">"How Detroit's transportation landmarks are—or aren't—being saved from ruin"</a>. <i>Hagerty Media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagerty+Media&rft.atitle=How+Detroit%27s+transportation+landmarks+are%E2%80%94or+aren%27t%E2%80%94being+saved+from+ruin&rft.date=2022-09-07&rft.aulast=Peek&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hagerty.com%2Fmedia%2Fautomotive-history%2Fhow-detroits-transportation-landmarks-are-or-arent-being-saved-from-ruin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFisher+Body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bdcnetwork.com/auto-plant-detroit-get-retread-mixed-use-housing">"An auto plant in Detroit to get a retread as mixed-use housing"</a>. <i>Building Design + Construction</i>. 2022-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Building+Design+%2B+Construction&rft.atitle=An+auto+plant+in+Detroit+to+get+a+retread+as+mixed-use+housing&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdcnetwork.com%2Fauto-plant-detroit-get-retread-mixed-use-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFisher+Body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fisherco.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fisherco.com_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisherco.com/">"Fisher Dynamics"</a>. <i>Fisher Dynamics</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fisher+Dynamics&rft.atitle=Fisher+Dynamics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fisherco.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFisher+Body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishercoachworks.com/news.htm">Fisher Coachworks Launch Rekindles 100-Year History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=td4DAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1935+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA37">"Giant Presses Makes All-Steel Top For Autos" <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, July 1935</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Body&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abandonedonline.net/location/fisher-body-company-plant-no-21/">Fisher Body Company Plant No. 21</a> at Abandoned</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218164152/http://www.carofthecentury.com/fisher_body.htm">Fisher Body</a> at Car of the Century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. OH-11-H, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/oh0115/">Fisher Body Ohio Company, East 140th Street & Coit Road, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH</a>", 9 photos, 14 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">TBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisher Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="USAAF_fighters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">USAAF fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">P-75</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GMC_Denali" title="GMC Denali">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACDelco" title="ACDelco">ACDelco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEXRON" title="DEXRON">Dexron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Certified_Service" title="GM Certified Service">GM Certified Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Defense" title="GM Defense">GM Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">GM Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Argentina" title="General Motors de Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_do_Brasil" title="General Motors do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Chile" title="General Motors de Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Colmotores" title="GM Colmotores">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Egypt" title="General Motors Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="General Motors de México">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_New_Zealand" title="General Motors New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors#Australia" title="General Motors">GM Specialty Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Europe" title="Cadillac Europe">Cadillac Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/90px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/135px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/180px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(engines)" title="DMAX (engines)">DMAX</a> <small>(60%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a> <small>(77%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRL_Laboratories" title="HRL Laboratories">HRL Laboratories</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industries_M%C3%A9caniques_Maghr%C3%A9bines" title="Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines">Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines</a> <small>(20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM" title="SAIC-GM">SAIC-GM</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a> <small>(44%)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GM platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_transmissions" title="List of GM transmissions">Transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_hybrid_technologies" title="Category:General Motors hybrid technologies">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_vehicles" title="Category:General Motors vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of General Motors engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Straight-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-3">I3</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_E-Turbo_engine" title="GM E-Turbo engine">E-Turbo</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">I4</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_1_engine" title="GM Family 1 engine">Family 1 </a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Medium_Gasoline_Engine" title="GM Medium Gasoline Engine">MGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Family_II_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Family II engine">Family II</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Ecotec_engine" title="GM Ecotec engine">Ecotec</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_High_Feature_engine" title="GM High Feature engine">High Feature</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_90%C2%B0_V6_engine#Generation_V" title="Chevrolet 90° V6 engine">Gen V</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/LS_based_GM_small-block_engine#Generation_V" class="mw-redirect" title="LS based GM small-block engine">Gen V</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Gemini_small-block_engine" title="Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine">Gemini V8</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">EV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV2_platform" title="General Motors BEV2 platform">BEV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultium" title="Ultium">Ultium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV3_platform" title="General Motors BEV3 platform">BEV3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former divisions,<br />joint ventures<br />and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Engine_Company" title="Allison Engine Company">Allison Engine</a> <small>(1929–1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison Transmission</a> <small>(1929–2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a> <small>(1919-2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Aircraft" title="Atlantic Aircraft">Atlantic Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a> <small> (24%) (1924–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Europe" title="Chevrolet Europe">Chevrolet Europe</a> <small>(2005-2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet-Saturn_of_Harlem" title="Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem">Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Diesel">Cleveland Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton-Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton-Wright">Dayton-Wright</a> <small>(1919–1923)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delco_Electronics" title="Delco Electronics">Delco Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Delphi</a> <small>(1994–1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Motor_Corporation" title="Delta Motor Corporation">Delta Motor Corporation</a> <small>(1997-2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> <small>(1994–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Diesel</a> <small>(1930–2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a> <small>(1984–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_Trucks" title="Euclid Trucks">Euclid Trucks</a> <small>(1953–1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-GM" title="FAW-GM">FAW-GM</a> <small>(2009–2019)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisher Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Metal_Body" title="Fleetwood Metal Body">Fleetwood Metal Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigidaire" title="Frigidaire">Frigidaire</a> <small>(1919–1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghandhara_Industries_Limited" title="Ghandhara Industries Limited">Ghandhara Industries</a> <small>(1953–1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM-AvtoVAZ" title="GM-AvtoVAZ">GM-AvtoVAZ</a> <small>(2001–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel" title="General Motors Diesel">GM Diesel</a> <small>(1949–1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel Division</a> <small>(1938–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">GM Europe</a> <small>(1986–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_India" title="General Motors India">GM India</a> <small>(1995–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_South_Africa" title="General Motors South Africa">GM South Africa</a> <small>(1913–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Thailand" title="General Motors Thailand">GM Thailand</a> <small>(2000–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UzAuto_Motors" title="UzAuto Motors">GM Uzbekistan</a> <small>(2008–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Vietnam" title="GM Vietnam">GM Vietnam</a> <small>(1993–2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMAC_Real_Estate" title="GMAC Real Estate">GMAC Real Estate</a> <small>(1998–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">GMC Heavy Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> <small>(1948–2020)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Holden_Special_Vehicles" title="Holden Special Vehicles">Holden Special Vehicles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Aircraft">Hughes Aircraft</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Electronics" title="Hughes Electronics">Hughes Electronics</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems">Hughes Network Systems</a> <small>(1987–2003)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems">HughesNet</a> <small>(1996–2003)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering_University" title="Kettering University">Kettering University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maven_(car_sharing)" title="Maven (car sharing)">Maven</a> <small>(2016–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City_Lines" title="National City Lines">National City Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">NUMMI</a> <small>(1984–2009)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Venture_Gear" title="New Venture Gear">New Venture Gear</a> <small>(36%, 1990–2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a> <small>(2009–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> <small>(1933–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvell_Financial_Services" title="Nuvell Financial Services">Nuvell</a> <small>(1997–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> <small>(1931–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PanAmSat" title="PanAmSat">PanAmSat</a> <small>(1995–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Remy Electric">Remy Electric</a> <small>(1918–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Products_Division" title="Rochester Products Division">Rochester Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australian_Automobile_Industries" title="United Australian Automobile Industries">United Australian</a> <small>(1989–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <small>(1926–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a> <small>(1925–1943)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_facilities" title="Category:General Motors facilities">Facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">GM Building (Broadway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">GM Building (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)" title="General Motors Building (Manhattan)">GM Building (Manhattan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Technical_Center" title="General Motors Technical Center">GM Technical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Proving_Grounds" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Proving Grounds">GM Proving Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">Factories (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_Building" title="Argonaut Building">General Motors Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_people" title="Category:General Motors people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Solso" title="Tim Solso">Tim Solso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Motion" title="World of Motion">World of Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Track" title="Test Track">Test Track</a> <small>(1999–2012 under all of GM, Chevrolet only since 2012)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_General_Motors" title="History of General Motors">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_companion_make_program" title="General Motors companion make program">Companion make program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_ignition_switch_recalls" title="General Motors ignition switch recalls">Ignition switch recalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motors_Liquidation_Company" title="Motors Liquidation Company">Motors Liquidation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Motorama" title="General Motors Motorama">Motorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">Reorganization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy" title="General Motors streetcar conspiracy">Streetcar conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945%E2%80%931946" class="mw-redirect" title="United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946">1945–46 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_General_Motors_strike" title="2019 General Motors strike">2019 strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Utility_Cargo_Vehicle" title="Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle">Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concept_of_the_Corporation" title="Concept of the Corporation">Concept of the Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors" title="Category:General Motors">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:General_Motors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:General Motors">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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