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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Tail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Temperament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_pets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_pets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As pets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_pets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As pets 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_lifespan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Health and lifespan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_and_lifespan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health and lifespan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_and_lifespan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lifespan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifespan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lifespan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifespan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_health_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_health_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Common health problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_health_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>In the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>In Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>In the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Cattle Dog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="كلب المراعي الأسترالي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلب المراعي الأسترالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Австралийско пастирско куче – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Австралийско пастирско куче" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bover_australi%C3%A0" title="Bover australià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bover australià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australsk%C3%BD_hon%C3%A1ck%C3%BD_pes" title="Australský honácký pes – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Australský honácký pes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci_Gwartheg_Awstralaidd" title="Ci Gwartheg Awstralaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ci Gwartheg Awstralaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Australian Cattle Dog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austraalia_karjakoer" title="Austraalia karjakoer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austraalia karjakoer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastor_ganadero_australiano" title="Pastor ganadero australiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pastor ganadero australiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvier_australien" title="Bouvier australien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouvier australien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cattle_dog" title="Australian cattle dog – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Australian cattle dog" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadhar_stoic_Astr%C3%A1lach" title="Gadhar stoic Astrálach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gadhar stoic Astrálach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88_%EC%BA%90%ED%8B%80%EB%8F%84%EA%B7%B8" title="오스트레일리안 캐틀도그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스트레일리안 캐틀도그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Australian Cattle Dog" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99" title="כלב בקר אוסטרלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלב בקר אוסטרלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ავსტრალიური კეტლ დოგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავსტრალიური კეტლ დოგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australijos_ganymo_%C5%A1uo" title="Australijos ganymo šuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Australijos ganymo šuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausztr%C3%A1l_p%C3%A1sztorkutya" title="Ausztrál pásztorkutya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ausztrál pásztorkutya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Австралиски пастир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Австралиски пастир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="ऑस्ट्रेलियन कुत्रा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑस्ट्रेलियन कुत्रा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89" title="كلب المراعى الاسترالى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلب المراعى الاسترالى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing_lembu_Australia" title="Anjing lembu Australia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing lembu Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cattle_dog" title="Australian cattle dog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Australian cattle dog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="オーストラリアン・キャトル・ドッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーストラリアン・キャトル・ドッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cattledog" title="Australian cattledog – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Australian cattledog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AC%DA%91%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="اسٹریلی آجڑی کتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسٹریلی آجڑی کتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Australian Cattle Dog" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiadeiro-australiano" title="Boiadeiro-australiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boiadeiro-australiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Австралийская пастушья собака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австралийская пастушья собака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Australian Cattle Dog" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lsky_dobytk%C3%A1rsky_pes" title="Austrálsky dobytkársky pes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Austrálsky dobytkársky pes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstralski_govedar" title="Avstralski govedar – Slovenian" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Breed of herding dog</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Australian Cattle Dog</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ACD-blue-spud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ACD-blue-spud.jpg/220px-ACD-blue-spud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ACD-blue-spud.jpg/330px-ACD-blue-spud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ACD-blue-spud.jpg/440px-ACD-blue-spud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A blue Australian Cattle Dog</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ACD, Cattle Dog, Blue/Red Heeler, Queensland Heeler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Australia</td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 46–51 cm (18–20 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 43–48 cm (17–19 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> 15–22 kg (33–49 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> short double coat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> blue, blue mottled, blue speckled, red mottled, red speckled</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Kennel_Council" title="Australian National Kennel Council">ANKC</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ankc.org.au/Breed/Detail/148">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/287g01-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4; color:inherit;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Australian Cattle Dog</b>, or simply <b>Cattle Dog</b>, is a breed of <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">herding dog</a> developed in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> for <a href="/wiki/Droving" title="Droving">droving</a> cattle over long distances across rough terrain. This breed is a medium-sized, short-<a href="/wiki/Coat_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (dog)">coated</a> dog that occurs in two main colour forms. It has either red or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white <a href="/wiki/Coat_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (dog)">coat</a>, which gives the appearance of a "red" or "blue" dog. </p><p>As with dogs from other <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">working breeds</a>, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak. It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging. It was originally bred to herd by biting, and is known to nip running children. It forms a strong attachment to its owners, and can be protective of them and their possessions. It is easy to groom and maintain, requiring little more than brushing during the shedding period. The most common health problems are deafness and progressive blindness (both <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">hereditary</a> conditions) and accidental injury. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_Hall" title="Thomas Simpson Hall">Thomas Simpson Hall</a>, pastoralist and son of pioneer Hawkesbury region colonist George Hall, developed an Australian working dog for cattle farming during the mid 1800s. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kaleski" title="Robert Kaleski">Robert Kaleski</a>, who wrote the first standard for the <a href="/wiki/Cattle_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle dog">cattle dog</a> (later, the Australian cattle dog), called Hall's dogs "Halls Heelers".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas Hall imported dogs from the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular blue-speckled Highland Collies, and crossed them with selected <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingoes</a> to create the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-rolls_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rolls-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Halls Heelers were later developed, in particular by Jack and Harry Bagust from Sydney in the 1880s, into the two modern breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Stumpy_Tail_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog">Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog</a>. The Bagust brothers "bred a lot and drowned a lot" to create the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-rolls_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rolls-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog has been nicknamed a "<b>Red Heeler</b>" or "<b>Blue Heeler</b>" on the basis of its colouring and practice of moving reluctant cattle by nipping at their heels. The nickname "<b>Queensland Heeler</b>" may have originated in a popular booklet, published in Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blue Cattle dog with a black spot over its eye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG/220px-Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG/330px-Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG/440px-Cattledog_Little_Joe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2581" data-file-height="2408" /></a><figcaption>Black mask and tan markings on a blue dog</figcaption></figure> <p>The Australian Cattle Dog is a sturdy, muscular, compact dog that gives the impression of agility and strength. It has a broad skull that flattens to a definite stop between the eyes, with muscular cheeks and a medium-length, deep, powerful <a href="/wiki/Snout" title="Snout">muzzle</a>. The ears are pricked, small to medium in size and set wide apart, with a covering of hair on the inside. The eyes are oval and dark, with an alert, keen expression. The neck and shoulders are strong and muscular; the forelegs are straight and parallel; and the feet round and arched, with small, sturdy toes and nails.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog breed standard states that it should have well-conditioned muscles, even when bred for companion or <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">show</a> purposes, and that its appearance should be symmetrical and balanced, with no individual part of the dog exaggerated. It should not look either delicate or cumbersome, as either characteristic limits the agility and endurance that is necessary for a working dog.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Size">Size</h4></div> <p>The female Australian Cattle Dog measures approximately 43–48 centimetres (17–19 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a>, and the male measures about 46–51 centimetres (18–20 in) at the withers. The dog should be longer than tall, that is, the length of the body from breast bone to buttocks is greater than the height at the withers, in a ratio of 10 to 9.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coat_and_colour">Coat and colour</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A puppy whose red hair has not yet developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg/220px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg/330px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Red hairs will grow through the puppy's white coat as it matures.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two accepted <a href="/wiki/Coat_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (dog)">coat</a> colours, red and blue. Chocolate and cream are considered to be faults. Blue dogs can be blue, blue mottled, or blue speckled with tan on the legs and chest and white markings and a black patch or "mask" on one or both sides of the head. Red dogs are evenly speckled with solid red markings and similarly to the blue dogs can have a brown (red) patch "mask" on one or both sides of the head and sometimes on the body.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both red dogs and blue dogs are born white (except for any solid-coloured body or face markings) and the red or black hairs show from around four weeks of age as they grow and mature. The distinctive adult colouration is the result of black or red hairs closely interspersed through a predominantly white coat. This is not <a href="/wiki/Merle_(dog_coat)" title="Merle (dog coat)">merle</a> colouration (a speckled effect that has associated health issues), but rather the result of the ticking <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>. A number of breeds show ticking, which is the presence of colour through white areas, though the overall effect depends on other genes that will modify the size, shape and density of the ticking.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the primary colouration, an Australian Cattle Dog displays some patches of solid or near-solid colour. In both red and blue dogs, the most common are masks over one or both eyes, a white tip to the tail, a solid spot at the base of the tail, and sometimes solid spots on the body, though these are not desirable in dogs bred for <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation shows</a>. Blue dogs may have tan midway up the legs and extending up the front to breast and throat, with tan on jaws, and tan eyebrows.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both colour forms can have a white "star" on the forehead called the "Bentley Mark", dog said to have been owned by an unsubstantiated Tom Bentley whose descendants allegedly could be identified by a white spot on the forehead and a black tail bar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common miscolours in the Australian Cattle Dog are black hairs in a red-coated dog, including the extreme of a black saddle on a red dog, and extensive tan on the face and body on a blue dog, called "creeping tan".<sup id="cite_ref-acdca_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acdca-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian Cattle Dog has a double coat—the short, straight outer <a href="/wiki/Guard_hairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard hairs">guard hairs</a> are protective in nature, keeping the elements from the dog's skin while the undercoat is short, fine and dense. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cattle Dog head with an alert expression" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg/220px-Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg/330px-Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg/440px-Australian_Catle_Dog_Silverbarn%27s_Paavo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1666" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption>A Cattle Dog with a single mask and a "bentley mark" shows the breed's typical alert expression.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mask consists of a black patch over one or both eyes (for the blue coat colour) or a red patch over one or both eyes (for the red coat colour). Depending on whether one or both eyes have a patch, these are called, respectively, "single" (or "half") mask and "double" (or "full") mask. Dogs without a mask are called plain-faced. Any of these are acceptable according to the breed standard. In conformation shows, even markings are preferred over uneven markings.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tail">Tail</h4></div> <p>The breed standards of the Australian, American<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Canadian <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">kennel clubs</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specify that the Australian Cattle Dog should have a natural, long, <a href="/wiki/Docking_(dog)" title="Docking (dog)">un-docked</a> tail. There will often be a solid colour spot at the base of the tail and a white tip. The tail should be set moderately low, following the slope of the back. It should hang in a slight curve at rest, though an excited dog may carry its tail higher. The tail should feature a good level of brush.<sup id="cite_ref-ANKC_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, tails are sometimes docked on working stock.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Tail docking is illegal, except in special circumstances, in all states and territories of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog shares ancestry and early history with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Stumpy_Tail_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog">Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog</a>. A breed standard, current in Queensland during the 1930s, describes two varieties of Cattle Dog, "long tail" and "short tail". The short tail variety was to be same as the long tail variety except for tail length.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two varieties were exhibited in separate classes. In 1963 the Australian National Kennel Council distinguished the two varieties in separate breed standards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament">Temperament</h3></div> <p>Like many <a href="/wiki/Working_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Working dogs">working dogs</a>, the Australian Cattle Dog has high energy levels, an active mind, and a level of independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed ranks 10th in <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Coren" title="Stanley Coren">Stanley Coren</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intelligence_of_Dogs" title="The Intelligence of Dogs">The Intelligence of Dogs</a></i>, rated as one of the most intelligent dogs ranked by obedience command trainability.<sup id="cite_ref-Coren_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coren-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cattle Dog needs plenty of exercise, companionship and a job to do, so a non-working dog might participate in <a href="/wiki/Dog_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog sports">dog sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_training" title="Dog training">learning tricks</a>, or other activities that engage its body and mind.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When on home ground, the Australian Cattle Dog is an affectionate and playful <a href="/wiki/Pet_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet dog">pet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is reserved with people it does not know and naturally cautious in new situations. Its attitude to strangers makes it an excellent <a href="/wiki/Guard_dog" title="Guard dog">guard dog</a> when trained for this task, and it can be socialised to become accustomed to a variety of people from an early age as a family pet. It is good with older, considerate children, but will herd people by nipping at their heels, particularly younger children who run and squeal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowell_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time puppies are weaned, they should have learned that the company of people is pleasurable, and that responding to cues from a person is rewarding.<sup id="cite_ref-Lithgow_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lithgow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bond that this breed can create with its owner is strong and will leave the dog feeling protective towards the owner, typically resulting in the dog's never being too far from the owner's side. The Australian Cattle Dog can be the friendliest of companions although it is quick to respond to the emotions of its owners, and may defend them without waiting for a command.<sup id="cite_ref-Buetow_136_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buetow_136-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally bred to move reluctant cattle by biting, and it will bite if treated harshly.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowell_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian Cattle Dog's protective nature and tendency to nip at heels can be dangerous as the dog grows into an adult if unwanted behaviours are left unchecked.<sup id="cite_ref-beauchamp_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beauchamp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While an Australian Cattle Dog generally works silently, it will <a href="/wiki/Bark_(sound)" title="Bark (sound)">bark</a> in alarm or to attract attention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Barking can be a sign of boredom or frustration, although research has shown that pet dogs increase their vocalisation when raised in a noisy environment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It responds well to familiar dogs, but when multiple dogs are present, establishing a <a href="/wiki/Pecking_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecking order">pecking order</a> can trigger aggression. It is not a breed that lives in a pack with other dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowell_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_pets">As pets</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grooming">Grooming</h3></div> <p>Known as a "wash and wear" dog, the Australian Cattle Dog requires little grooming. It is not a year-round <a href="/wiki/Moulting" title="Moulting">shedder</a> but <a href="/wiki/Blowing_the_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Blowing the coat">blows its coat</a> once a year (twice in the case of <a href="/wiki/Entire_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entire (animal)">intact females</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3></div> <p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">working breeds</a>, the Australian Cattle Dog is intelligent and responsive; both of these traits can be an advantage in training where a structured, varied program is used, but can lead to unwanted outcomes if training is not consistent, or is repetitive and boring for the dog.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian Cattle Dog is biddable, and responds well to training.<sup id="cite_ref-Stockman_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stockman-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acd_agility.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Cattle Dog jumps over a hurdle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Acd_agility.jpg/220px-Acd_agility.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Acd_agility.jpg/330px-Acd_agility.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Acd_agility.jpg/440px-Acd_agility.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>The breed is well suited for agility trials.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Australian Cattle Dog demands a high level of physical activity. Like many other <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">herding dog</a> breeds, the Cattle Dog has an active and fertile mind and if it is not given jobs to do it will find its own activities. It will appreciate a walk around the neighbourhood, but it needs structured activities that engage and challenge it, and regular interaction with its owner. While individual dogs have their own personalities and abilities, as a breed the Australian Cattle Dog is suited to any activity that calls for athleticism, intelligence, and endurance.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">Kennel club</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Herding" title="Herding">herding</a> trials with a range of events suit the driving abilities of the Cattle Dog. Herding instincts and trainability are measured at non-competitive herding tests, and basic commands are sometimes taught through herding games, where rules such as "stay", "get it" and "that'll do" are applied to fetching a ball or chasing a yard broom.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog was developed for its ability to drive reluctant cattle to travel long distances and may be the best breed in the world for this work.<sup id="cite_ref-Lithgow_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lithgow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some working dog trainers have expressed concern that dogs bred for the show ring are increasingly too short in the legs and too stocky in the body to undertake the work for which they were originally bred.<sup id="cite_ref-Lithgow_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lithgow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A cattle dog herding sheep in a pen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg/220px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg/330px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg/440px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_Herding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Australian Cattle Dogs were bred to drive cattle, but are also used to herd sheep.</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the most popular activities for an Australian Cattle Dog is <a href="/wiki/Dog_agility" title="Dog agility">dog agility</a>. It is ideally suited for navigating obstacle courses, since as a herding dog it is reactive to the handler's body language and willing to work accurately at a distance from the handler. Agility has been used by Cattle Dog owners to instil confidence in their dogs, and enhance their performance in training and competition.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog thrives on change and new experiences, and many handlers find training the breed challenging for this reason. An Australian Cattle Dog can excel in <a href="/wiki/Obedience_trial" title="Obedience trial">obedience competition</a>. It will enjoy the challenges, such as retrieving a scented article, but the breed's problem-solving ability may lead it to find solutions to problems that are not necessarily rewarded by the obedience judges. <a href="/wiki/Rally_obedience" title="Rally obedience">Rally obedience</a> offers more interaction with the owner and less repetition than traditional obedience trials.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australian Cattle Dogs have been successful in a range of dog sports including <a href="/wiki/Weight_pulling" title="Weight pulling">weight pulling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flyball" title="Flyball">flyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schutzhund" title="Schutzhund">schutzhund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed is particularly suited to activities that a dog can share with its owner such as <a href="/wiki/Canicross" title="Canicross">canicross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disc_dog" title="Disc dog">disc dog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skijoring" title="Skijoring">skijoring</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bikejoring" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikejoring">bikejoring</a>. It is an effective <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a> companion because of its natural endurance, its general lack of interest in hunting, and preference for staying by its owner's side.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Australian Cattle Dogs love the water and are excellent swimmers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not a hyperactive breed, and once one has had its exercise, it is happy to lie at its owner's feet, or to rest in its bed or crate while keeping an ear and eye open for signs of pending activity. The Australian Cattle Dog is an adaptable dog that can accept city or indoor living conditions, if its considerable exercise and companionship needs are met.<sup id="cite_ref-Coren_1998_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coren_1998-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog can be put to work in a number of ways. Cattle Dogs are service dogs for people with a disability or are <a href="/wiki/Therapy_dog" title="Therapy dog">therapy dogs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some work for customs agencies in <a href="/wiki/Detection_dog" title="Detection dog">drug detection</a>, some as <a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">police dogs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others haze pest animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Canada_goose" title="Canada goose">geese</a>, for city or state agencies,<sup id="cite_ref-hazing_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazing-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some work as <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">scat</a>-detection dogs, tracking <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered wildlife species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_lifespan">Health and lifespan</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elderly red Cattle Dog walking in the bush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg/220px-17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg/330px-17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg/440px-17_year_old_ACD_Ruby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>An active seventeen-year-old Australian Cattle Dog</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifespan">Lifespan</h3></div> <p>In a 2024 UK study of 50 dogs the breed had an average life expectancy of 14 years compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">crossbreeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many members of the breed are still well and active at 12 or 14 years of age, and some maintain their sight, hearing and even their teeth until their final days.<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_57_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp_57-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_health_problems">Common health problems</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Blue Cattle dog with a bandage on its right hind-leg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg/220px-Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg/330px-Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg/440px-Cattle_Dog_with_injured_leg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="1606" /></a><figcaption>Cattle Dogs have more injuries than illnesses.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Australian Cattle Dog carries <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">recessive</a> <a href="/wiki/Piebald" title="Piebald">piebald</a> <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">alleles</a> that produce white in the coat and skin and are linked to <a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">congenital</a> <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">hereditary</a> deafness, though it is possible that there is a multi-gene cause for deafness in a dog with the piebald pigment genes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 10.8% of Cattle Dogs in one Australian study were found to be deaf in either one or both ears.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Cattle Dog is one of the dog breeds affected by <a href="/wiki/Progressive_retinal_atrophy" title="Progressive retinal atrophy">progressive retinal atrophy</a>. It has the most common form, progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD), a condition that causes the <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">rods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cones</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> of the eye to deteriorate later in life, resulting in blindness. PRCD is an <a href="/wiki/Autosome" title="Autosome">autosomal recessive trait</a> and a dog can be a carrier of the affected gene without developing the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip dysplasia (canine)">Hip dysplasia</a> is not common in the breed,<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it occurs sufficiently often for specialised pelvis radiographical screening tests to be offered to breeders and owners.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cattle Dog has a number of inherited conditions,<sup id="cite_ref-Sargan_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sargan-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but most of these are not common. Hereditary polioencephalomyelopathy of the Australian Cattle Dog is a very rare condition caused by an inherited biochemical defect. Dogs identified with the condition were completely paralysed within their first year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on a sample of 69 still-living dogs, the most common health issues noted by owners were musculoskeletal (<a href="/wiki/Spondylosis" title="Spondylosis">spondylosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbow_dysplasia" title="Elbow dysplasia">elbow dysplasia</a>, and arthritis) and reproductive (<a href="/wiki/Pyometra" title="Pyometra">pyometra</a>, infertility, and <a href="/wiki/False_pregnancy" title="False pregnancy">false pregnancy</a>), and blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-KC_Survey_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KC_Survey-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of dogs diagnosed at Veterinary Colleges in the United States and Canada over a thirty-year period described fractures, lameness and <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament_injury" title="Anterior cruciate ligament injury">cruciate ligament tears</a> as the most common conditions in the Australian Cattle Dogs treated.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorn_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Australia">In Australia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blue Cattle Dog walking down a driveway ahead of two boys with a toy wagon, and a man and a woman in a horse-drawn cart, 1902" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg/220px-Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg/330px-Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg/440px-Front_drive_up_to_Trackson%27s_property.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption> An early Australian Cattle Dog, photographed in 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>British colonist George Hall and his family arrived in the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> Colony in 1802. By 1825, the Halls had established two cattle stations in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Hunter_Shire" title="Upper Hunter Shire">Upper Hunter Valley</a>, and had begun a northward expansion into the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Plains" title="Liverpool Plains">Liverpool Plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_(New_South_Wales)" title="New England (New South Wales)">New England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. Getting his cattle to the Sydney markets presented a problem in that cattle had to be moved along unfenced <a href="/wiki/Stock_route" title="Stock route">stock routes</a> through sometimes rugged bush and mountain ranges. The mobs of cattle were small (the population centres were small) and the distances short relative to the long distance droving feats of the Duracks, and others, in the late nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the invention of ice-making and refrigeration in the 1850s (by a Scottish immigrant to Australia, James Harrison)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> butchers, and their customers, had no choice but to buy their meat in small quantities and the cattle growers, including the Halls, had no choice but to maintain a constant, but small, supply of cattle to their markets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The droving dogs used at the time were commonly the Smithfield dogs which often barked at and bit the nose of the cattle which aggravated the livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-rolls_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rolls-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A replacement was needed, and the Halls were prepared for this challenge. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_Hall" title="Thomas Simpson Hall">Thomas Simpson Hall</a>, one of George's sons, had established the <a href="/wiki/Dartbrook" title="Dartbrook">Dartbrook</a> station in the Upper Hunter Valley in the 1820s. He had taken with him dogs, as well as cattle, and had honed the cattle-handling potential in his dogs. He bred blue speckled Highland Collies with dingoes, an ancient type of dog which seldom barks and instinctively bites on the heel or hindquarters of the animals they chase down. The result was the creation of the first of the <a href="/wiki/Halls_Heeler" title="Halls Heeler">Halls Heelers</a> which worked silently and bit the heels of the cattle to enforce authority. In the 1880s and 1890s, Jack and Harry Bagust of Sydney, crossed Halls Heelers with other breeds such as <a href="/wiki/Australian_Kelpie" title="Australian Kelpie">Kelpies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian (dog)">Dalmatians</a> to produce the first dogs known as Australian Cattle Dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-rolls_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rolls-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cattle dog walking beside a plough drawn by two horses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg/220px-Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg/330px-Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg/440px-Peaceful_rural_scene_in_South_East_Queensland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Cattle Dogs were accustomed to horses in the 1900s.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1890s, dogs of Halls Heeler ancestry had attracted the attention of a group of men with a recreational interest in the new practice of showing dogs competitively. None were stockmen working cattle on a daily basis, and initially they were interested in a range of working dogs. Prominent members of the group concentrated on breeding these lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these breeders, the Bagust family was the most influential.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kaleski" title="Robert Kaleski">Robert Kaleski</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Moorebank,_New_South_Wales" title="Moorebank, New South Wales">Moorebank</a>, a young associate of Harry Bagust, wrote "in 1893 when I got rid of my cross-bred cattle dogs and took up the blues, breeders of the latter had started breeding ... to fix the type. I drew up a standard for them on those lines".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first <a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">breed standard</a> for the Cattle Dog breed was published, with photographs, by the New South Wales Department of Agriculture in 1903. Kaleski's standard emphasised that the dog should retain the overall general appearance of a 'small thick-set dingo'.<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaleski's standard was adopted by breed clubs in Queensland and New South Wales and re-issued as their own, with local changes. His writings from the 1910s give an insight into the early history of the breed. Most importantly, Kaleski identified Thomas Simpson Hall's association with the Halls Heeler.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1890s, Cattle Dogs of Halls Heeler derivation were seen in the kennels of exhibiting Queensland dog breeders such as William Byrne. These were a different population from those shown in New South Wales and included both long-tailed and short-tailed exhibits. These dogs may have come from Hall properties in Queensland. Byrne, however, initiated a trend that favoured Cattle Dogs bred in New South Wales and, during the 1920s, many breeders followed this trend.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Significant early progenitor dogs of the Cattle Dog pedigree include <i>Brooklyn Dandy</i>, <i>Blue Rock</i>, <i>Little Gem</i>, <i>Little Sally</i>, <i>Little Logic</i> and <i>Logic Return</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prominence of <i>Little Logic</i> and <i>Logic Return</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedigree (animal)">pedigrees</a> of modern Australian Cattle Dogs was perpetuated by Wooleston Kennels. Wooleston supplied foundation and supplementary breeding dogs, such as <i>Wooleston Blue Jack</i>, to breeders in Australia, North America and Continental Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="soldier with Cattle Dog 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg/220px-US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg/330px-US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg/440px-US_Soldier_with_cattle_dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers stationed in Australia during WWII played a role in the breed's introduction to the US.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Australian Cattle Dog puppy being dried after his bath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg/220px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg/330px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg/440px-Australian_Cattle_Dog_puppy_mascot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1842" /></a><figcaption>US soldiers met the Cattle Dog mascots of Australian divisions overseas. This puppy is being bathed in preparation for a visit by General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1940s Alan McNiven, a Sydney veterinarian, introduced Dingo, Kelpie, German Shepherd, and <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangaroo Dog">Kangaroo Hound</a> into his breeding program; however, the Royal Agricultural Society Kennel Club (RASKC) would not register the cross breeds as Australian Cattle Dogs, even though McNiven argued they were true to conformation, colour and temperament. McNiven responded by giving his pups registration papers from dead dogs, and was consequently expelled from the RASKC and all of his dogs removed from the registry. Meanwhile, Greg Lougher, a <a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> <a href="/wiki/Cattle_rancher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle rancher">cattle rancher</a> who met Alan McNiven while stationed in Australia during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, had imported several adults and several litters from McNiven. After his de-registration McNiven continued to export his "improved" dogs to the United States. Many U.S. soldiers who were stationed in Queensland or NSW during the War discovered the Australian Cattle Dog and took one home when they returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekman_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1950s a veterinarian in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa, California</a>, Jack Woolsey, was introduced to Lougher's dogs. With his partners, he bought several dogs and started breeding them. The breeders advertised the dogs in <i>Western Horsemen</i> stating they were guaranteed to work and calling them Queensland Heelers. Woolsey imported several purebred Australian Cattle Dogs to add to his breeding program, including <i>Oaklea Blue Ace</i>, <i>Glen Iris Boomerang</i> and several Glen Iris bitches. The National Stock Dog Registry of <a href="/wiki/Butler,_Indiana" title="Butler, Indiana">Butler</a>, Indiana, registered the breed, assigning American numbers without reference to Australian registrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekman_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australian Cattle Dogs had been classified in the "miscellaneous" category at the <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> (AKC) since the 1930s; to get the breed full recognition, the AKC required that a National Breed Parent Club be organised for promotion and protection of the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekman_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967 Esther Ekman met Chris Smith-Risk at an AKC show, and the two fell into conversation about their Australian Cattle Dogs and the process of establishing a parent club for the breed. By 1969 the fledgling club had 12 members and formally applied to the AKC for instructions. One of the requirements was that the club had to start keeping its own registry for the breed and that all dogs on the registry would have to be an extension of the Australian registry, tracing back to registered dogs in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekman_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AKC Parent Club members began researching their dogs, including exchanging correspondence with McNiven, and discovered that few of them had dogs that could be traced back to dogs registered in Australia. The AKC took over the club registry in 1979 and the breed was fully recognised in September 1980. The Australian Cattle Dog Club of America is still active in the promotion of the breed and the maintenance of breed standards. The National Stock Dog Registry continued to recognise Cattle Dogs without prerequisite links to Australian registered dogs, on the condition that any dog of unknown parentage that was presented for registry would be registered as an "American Cattle Dog", and all others would still be registered as "Australian Cattle Dogs".<sup id="cite_ref-Ekman_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h3></div> <p>The breed gained official recognition from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Kennel_Club" title="Canadian Kennel Club">Canadian Kennel Club</a> in January 1980 after five years of collecting pedigrees, gathering support, and <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> officials by two breeders and enthusiasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small number of Australian Cattle Dogs in Canada at the time were primarily working dogs on farms and ranches scattered across large distances. However, the fledgling breed club held conformation shows, obedience and agility competitions, and entered their dogs in sports including flyball and <a href="/wiki/Lure_coursing" title="Lure coursing">lure coursing</a>. At the end of 1980, <i>Landmaster Carina</i> was named the first Australian Cattle Dog in Canada to gain both her conformation and obedience titles.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_Kingdom">In the United Kingdom</h3></div> <p>The first registered Australian Cattle Dogs to arrive in the United Kingdom were two blue puppies, <i>Lenthel Flinton</i> and <i>Lenthel Darlot</i>, imported in 1980 by Malcolm Duding. They were followed soon afterwards by <i>Landmaster Darling Red</i> in whelp.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Landmaster Darling Red</i> was imported by John and Mary Holmes, and proved to be an outstanding brood bitch. Over the next few years additional Cattle Dogs arrived in the UK from the Netherlands, Kenya, Germany and Australia, although prior to relaxation of rules regarding <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a>, the UK <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a> was limited. In 1985 the Australian Cattle Dog Society of Great Britain was formed and officially recognised by the Kennel Club; before this they had to compete in the category "Any Variety Not Separately Classified". Australian Cattle Dogs were competing successfully in obedience and working trials in the UK during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluey_(2018_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluey (2018 TV series)">Bluey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Heeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Heeler">Texas Heeler</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/32px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/48px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/64px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaleski, Robert (1938). Foundation Dogs of Australia. <i>Sydney Mail</i> 13 April 1938 p. 26, 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaleski, Robert (1907). The Australian Cattle Dog. <i>The Bookfellow</i> vol 1. no. 1, 3 January 1907, pp. 10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rolls-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rolls_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rolls_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rolls_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rolls_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRolls1981" class="citation book cs1">Rolls, Eric (1981). <i>A Million Wild Acres</i>. Australia: Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780868064642" title="Special:BookSources/9780868064642"><bdi>9780868064642</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Million+Wild+Acres&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780868064642&rft.aulast=Rolls&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article85902425">"EBENEZER PIONEERS Of The Hakesbury"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Richmond_Gazette" title="Windsor and Richmond Gazette">Windsor and Richmond Gazette</a></i>. Vol. 37, no. 1963. New South Wales, Australia. 5 June 1925. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Windsor+and+Richmond+Gazette&rft.atitle=EBENEZER+PIONEERS+Of+The+Hakesbury&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1963&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1925-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article85902425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, Charles, and Latchford, L. A. (c. 1934). The Sun Dog Book. Melbourne, Sun News-Pictorial.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANKC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANKC_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002103453/http://www.ankc.org.au/Breed_Details.aspx?bid=132">"ANKC Breed Standard for the Australian Cattle Dog"</a>. Australian National Kennel Council. 14 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ankc.org.au/Breed_Details.aspx?bid=132">the original</a> on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANKC+Breed+Standard+for+the+Australian+Cattle+Dog&rft.pub=Australian+National+Kennel+Council&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ankc.org.au%2FBreed_Details.aspx%3Fbid%3D132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/287g01-en.pdf">"Australian Cattle Dog Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>FCI</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FCI&rft.atitle=Australian+Cattle+Dog+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fci.be%2FNomenclature%2FStandards%2F287g01-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruvinsky (2001), p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaleski, Robert (1958). Cattle Dogs in The Australian Encyclopaedia. Sydney, Grolier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acdca-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acdca_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acdca.org/coat-color/">"Coat Color and Patterns in Australian Cattle Dogs"</a>. <i>acdca.org</i>. Australian Cattle Dog Club of America. 27 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acdca.org&rft.atitle=Coat+Color+and+Patterns+in+Australian+Cattle+Dogs&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acdca.org%2Fcoat-color%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.akc.org/pdf/breeds/standards/AustralianCattleDog.pdf">"Australian Cattle Dog Breed Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Kennel Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Kennel+Club&rft.atitle=Australian+Cattle+Dog+Breed+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.akc.org%2Fpdf%2Fbreeds%2Fstandards%2FAustralianCattleDog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ckc.ca/CanadianKennelClub/media/Breed-Standards/Group%207/Australian-Cattle-Dog.pdf">"Australian Cattle Dog Breed Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Kennel Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Working%2FHerding+Dogs&rft.atitle=Can+An+American+Kennel+Club+Registration+Save+A+Herding+Breed%3F&rft.aulast=Ekman&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lassickennels.com%2FAgrihelp%2Fwkhrdregistration.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redhead-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Redhead (1988), p. 116</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeauchamp1997" class="citation book cs1">Beauchamp, Richard G. (1997). <i>Australian Cattle Dogs</i>. New York: Barron's Educational. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-9854-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-9854-9"><bdi>978-0-8120-9854-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Cattle+Dogs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8120-9854-9&rft.aulast=Beauchamp&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeauchamp2007" class="citation book cs1">Beauchamp, Richard G. (2007). <i>Australian Cattle Dogs: 2nd edition</i>. New York: Barron's Educational. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-9854-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-9854-9"><bdi>978-0-8120-9854-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Cattle+Dogs%3A+2nd+edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8120-9854-9&rft.aulast=Beauchamp&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuetow1998" class="citation book cs1">Buetow, Katherine (1998). <i>The Australian Cattle Dog: An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet</i>. New York: Howell Book House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-446-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-446-8"><bdi>978-0-87605-446-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Cattle+Dog%3A+An+Owner%27s+Guide+to+a+Happy+Healthy+Pet&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Howell+Book+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87605-446-8&rft.aulast=Buetow&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2003" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Noreen R. (2003). <i>A Dog Called Blue: The Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, 1840–2000</i>. Wallacia, NSW: WriteLight Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9581934-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9581934-3-6"><bdi>978-0-9581934-3-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dog+Called+Blue%3A+The+Australian+Cattle+Dog+and+the+Australian+Stumpy+Tail+Cattle+Dog%2C+1840%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Wallacia%2C+NSW&rft.pub=WriteLight+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9581934-3-6&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Noreen+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (June 2023)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoren1995" class="citation book cs1">Coren, Stanley (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intelligenceofdo00core"><i>The Intelligence of Dogs: A Guide to the Thoughts, Emotions, and Inner Lives of Our Canine Companions</i></a>. New York: Bantam Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-37452-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-37452-0"><bdi>978-0-553-37452-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intelligence+of+Dogs%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Thoughts%2C+Emotions%2C+and+Inner+Lives+of+Our+Canine+Companions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-553-37452-0&rft.aulast=Coren&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintelligenceofdo00core&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton-WilkesCumming,_David1982" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton-Wilkes, Monty; Cumming, David (1982). <i>Kelpie and Cattle Dog: Australian Dogs at Work</i>. Sydney, NSW: Angus & Robertson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-207-14490-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-207-14490-5"><bdi>978-0-207-14490-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kelpie+and+Cattle+Dog%3A+Australian+Dogs+at+Work&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-207-14490-5&rft.aulast=Hamilton-Wilkes&rft.aufirst=Monty&rft.au=Cumming%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmesHolmes,_Mary1993" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, John; Holmes, Mary (1993). <i>The Complete Australian Cattle Dog</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-014-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-014-9"><bdi>978-0-87605-014-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Australian+Cattle+Dog&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87605-014-9&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1990" class="citation book cs1">Howard, A. J. (Bert) (1990). "Halls Heelers". In Russell W. Warner (ed.). <i>Over-Halling the Colony: George Hall, Pioneer</i>. Sydney, NSW: Southwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908219-07-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908219-07-0"><bdi>978-0-908219-07-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Halls+Heelers&rft.btitle=Over-Halling+the+Colony%3A+George+Hall%2C+Pioneer&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Southwood+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-908219-07-0&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=A.+J.+%28Bert%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaleski2005" class="citation book cs1">Kaleski, Robert (2005). <i>Australian Barkers and Biters</i>. Warwickshire, UK: Vintage Dog Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905124-75-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905124-75-6"><bdi>978-1-905124-75-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Barkers+and+Biters&rft.place=Warwickshire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Vintage+Dog+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-905124-75-6&rft.aulast=Kaleski&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLithgow2001" class="citation book cs1">Lithgow, Scott (2001). <i>Training and Working Dogs for Quiet Confident Control of Stock</i>. Brisbane, Qld: University of Queensland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7022-2394-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7022-2394-5"><bdi>978-0-7022-2394-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Training+and+Working+Dogs+for+Quiet+Confident+Control+of+Stock&rft.place=Brisbane%2C+Qld&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7022-2394-5&rft.aulast=Lithgow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowell1990" class="citation book cs1">Lowell, Michele (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yourpurebredpupp00lowe"><i>Your Purebred Puppy: A Buyers Guide</i></a>. New York: Henry Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-1892-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-1892-9"><bdi>978-0-8050-1892-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Purebred+Puppy%3A+A+Buyers+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-1892-9&rft.aulast=Lowell&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyourpurebredpupp00lowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearse2011" class="citation book cs1">Pearse, Emma (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sophiedogoverboa0000pear"><i>Sophie, Dog Overboard: The Incredible True Adventures of the Castaway Dog</i></a></span>. London: Hodder & Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4447-1520-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4447-1520-0"><bdi>978-1-4447-1520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophie%2C+Dog+Overboard%3A+The+Incredible+True+Adventures+of+the+Castaway+Dog&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4447-1520-0&rft.aulast=Pearse&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsophiedogoverboa0000pear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedhead1988" class="citation book cs1">Redhead, Connie (1988). <i>The Good Looking Australian</i>. Adelaide, SA: C. Redhead. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7316-2220-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7316-2220-7"><bdi>978-0-7316-2220-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Looking+Australian&rft.place=Adelaide%2C+SA&rft.pub=C.+Redhead&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7316-2220-7&rft.aulast=Redhead&rft.aufirst=Connie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenna2009" class="citation book cs1">Renna, Christine Hartnagle (2009). <i>Herding Dogs: Selecting and Training the Working Farm Dog</i>. Freehold, NJ: Kennel Club Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-737-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-737-0"><bdi>978-1-59378-737-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herding+Dogs%3A+Selecting+and+Training+the+Working+Farm+Dog&rft.place=Freehold%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Kennel+Club+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59378-737-0&rft.aulast=Renna&rft.aufirst=Christine+Hartnagle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1990" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Narelle (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newownersguideto00robe"><i>Australian Cattle Dogs</i></a>. Neptune City, NJ: TFH Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7938-2808-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7938-2808-1"><bdi>978-0-7938-2808-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Cattle+Dogs&rft.place=Neptune+City%2C+NJ&rft.pub=TFH+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7938-2808-1&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Narelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewownersguideto00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuvinskySampson,_Jeff2001" class="citation book cs1">Ruvinsky, Anatoly; Sampson, Jeff (2001). <i>The Genetics of the Dog</i>. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-520-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-520-5"><bdi>978-0-85199-520-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genetics+of+the+Dog&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+UK&rft.pub=CABI+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-85199-520-5&rft.aulast=Ruvinsky&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft.au=Sampson%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2009" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Charlotte (2009). <i>Australian Cattle Dog: A Comprehensive Guide to Owning and Caring for Your Dog</i>. Freehold, NJ: Kennel Club Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-368-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-368-6"><bdi>978-1-59378-368-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Cattle+Dog%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Owning+and+Caring+for+Your+Dog&rft.place=Freehold%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Kennel+Club+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59378-368-6&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer1984" class="citation book cs1">Shaffer, Mari (1984). <i>Heeler Power: A Guide to Training the Working Australian Cattle Dog</i>. Medford, WI: Countryside Publications. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12987177">12987177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heeler+Power%3A+A+Guide+to+Training+the+Working+Australian+Cattle+Dog&rft.place=Medford%2C+WI&rft.pub=Countryside+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12987177&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmons-Moake1992" class="citation book cs1">Simmons-Moake, Jane (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agilitytrainingf00simm"><i>Agility Training: The Fun Sport for All Dogs</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-402-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87605-402-4"><bdi>978-0-87605-402-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agility+Training%3A+The+Fun+Sport+for+All+Dogs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-87605-402-4&rft.aulast=Simmons-Moake&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagilitytrainingf00simm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockman2002" class="citation book cs1">Stockman, Mike (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dogbreedsofworld0000stoc_a4f1"><i>Dog Breeds of the World: The Complete Reference to Pedigree Dogs of the World</i></a></span>. New York: Hermes House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84038-871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84038-871-8"><bdi>978-1-84038-871-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dog+Breeds+of+the+World%3A+The+Complete+Reference+to+Pedigree+Dogs+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hermes+House&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84038-871-8&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdogbreedsofworld0000stoc_a4f1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Cattle+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Herding_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Herding dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Herding_and_droving_dogs40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding and droving dogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armant_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armant (dog)">Armant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australian Cattle Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Kelpie" title="Australian Kelpie">Australian Kelpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Shepherd" title="Australian Shepherd">Australian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Stumpy_Tail_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog">Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Shepherd_Dog" title="Basque Shepherd Dog">Basque Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_Collie" title="Bearded Collie">Bearded Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauceron" title="Beauceron">Beauceron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Shepherd" title="Belgian Shepherd">Belgian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamasco_Shepherd" title="Bergamasco Shepherd">Bergamasco Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berger_Picard" title="Berger Picard">Berger Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lacy" title="Blue Lacy">Blue Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Shepherd" title="Bohemian Shepherd">Bohemian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Collie" title="Border Collie">Border Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvier_des_Ardennes" title="Bouvier des Ardennes">Bouvier des Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvier_des_Flandres" title="Bouvier des Flandres">Bouvier des Flandres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briard" title="Briard">Briard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_de_Chira" title="Can de Chira">Can de Chira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Lupino_del_Gigante" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane Lupino del Gigante">Cane Lupino del Gigante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_di_Oropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane di Oropa">Cane di Oropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Toccatore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane Toccatore">Cane Toccatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_da_Serra_de_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Cão da Serra de Aires">Cão da Serra de Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi" title="Cardigan Welsh Corgi">Cardigan Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carea_Castellano_Manchego" class="mw-redirect" title="Carea Castellano Manchego">Carea Castellano Manchego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carea_Leon%C3%A9s" title="Carea Leonés">Carea Leonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catahoula_Leopard_Dog" title="Catahoula Leopard Dog">Catahoula Leopard Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sheepdog" title="Catalan Sheepdog">Catalan Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Collie" title="Rough Collie">Collie (Rough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Collie" title="Smooth Collie">Collie (Smooth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Sheepdog" title="Croatian Sheepdog">Croatian Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Shepherd" title="Dutch Shepherd">Dutch Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Shepherd" title="English Shepherd">English Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Sheepdog" title="Faroese Sheepdog">Faroese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Lapphund" title="Finnish Lapphund">Finnish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_de_Palleiro" title="Can de Palleiro">Galician Palleiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garafian_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Garafian Shepherd">Garafian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucho_sheepdog" title="Gaucho sheepdog">Gaucho sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntaway" title="Huntaway">Huntaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sheepdog" title="Icelandic Sheepdog">Icelandic Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="King Shepherd">King Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolie" title="Koolie">Koolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Heeler" title="Lancashire Heeler">Lancashire Heeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapponian_Herder" title="Lapponian Herder">Lapponian Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_sheep_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Magellan sheep dog">Magellan sheep dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNab_dog" title="McNab dog">McNab dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_American_Shepherd" title="Miniature American Shepherd">Miniature American Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudi" title="Mudi">Mudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Heading_Dog" title="New Zealand Heading Dog">New Zealand Heading Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Buhund" title="Norwegian Buhund">Norwegian Buhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Sheepdog" title="Old English Sheepdog">Old English Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_German_herding_dogs" title="Old German herding dogs">Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastore_della_Lessinia_e_del_Lagorai" title="Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai">Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi" title="Pembroke Welsh Corgi">Pembroke Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Lowland_Sheepdog" title="Polish Lowland Sheepdog">Polish Lowland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Sheepdog" title="Portuguese Sheepdog">Portuguese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_dog" title="Puli dog">Puli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_dog" title="Pumi dog">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Sheepdog" title="Pyrenean Sheepdog">Pyrenean Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Sardinian Shepherd Dog">Sardinian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schapendoes" title="Schapendoes">Schapendoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schipperke" title="Schipperke">Schipperke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Me%C4%91imurje_Dog" title="Small Međimurje Dog">Small Međimurje Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_(dog)" title="Smithfield (dog)">Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Water_Dog" title="Spanish Water Dog">Spanish Water Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Lapphund" title="Swedish Lapphund">Swedish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Vallhund" title="Swedish Vallhund">Swedish Vallhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Terrier" title="Tibetan Terrier">Tibetan Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Sheepdog" title="Welsh Sheepdog">Welsh Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Shepherd" title="White Shepherd">White Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Swiss_Shepherd_Dog" title="White Swiss Shepherd Dog">White Swiss Shepherd Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dogs_originating_in_Australia42" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar 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Cobberdog">Australian Cobberdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Kelpie" title="Australian Kelpie">Australian Kelpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Stumpy_Tail_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog">Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Terrier" title="Australian Terrier">Australian Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Arab" title="Bull Arab">Bull Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">Dingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_dog" title="Kangaroo dog">Kangaroo hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolie" title="Koolie">Koolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Fox_Terrier" title="Miniature Fox Terrier">Miniature Fox Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Silky_Terrier" title="Australian Silky Terrier">Silky Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenterfield_Terrier" title="Tenterfield Terrier">Tenterfield Terrier</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/57px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/86px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/114px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halls_Heeler" title="Halls Heeler">Halls 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