CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: electrical cost</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electrical cost"> <meta name="keywords" content="electrical cost"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="electrical cost" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electrical cost"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7834</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electrical cost</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7834</span> A Prediction of Electrical Cost for High-Rise Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Picha%20Sriprachan">Picha Sriprachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in electricity prices affects the cost of high-rise building construction. The objectives of this research are to study the electrical cost, trend of electrical cost and to forecast electrical cost of high-rise building construction. The methods of this research are: 1) to study electrical payment formats, cost data collection methods, and the factors affecting electrical cost of high-rise building construction, 2) to study the quantity and trend of cumulative percentage of the electrical cost, and 3) to forecast the electrical cost for different types of high-rise buildings. The results of this research show that the average proportion between electrical cost and the value of the construction project is 0.87 percent. The proportion of electrical cost for residential, office and commercial, and hotel buildings are closely proportional. If construction project value increases, the proportion of electrical cost and the value of the construction project will decrease. However, there is a relationship between the amount of electrical cost and the value of the construction project. During the structural construction phase, the amount of electrical cost will increase and during structural and architectural construction phase, electrical cost will be maximum. The cumulative percentage of the electrical cost is related to the cumulative percentage of the high-rise building construction cost in the same direction. The amount of service space of the building, number of floors and the duration of the construction affect the electrical cost of construction. The electrical cost of construction forecasted by using linear regression equation is close to the electrical cost forecasted by using the proportion of electrical cost and value of the project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20building%20construction" title="high-rise building construction">high-rise building construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost" title=" electrical cost"> electrical cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20phase" title=" construction phase"> construction phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20phase" title=" architectural phase"> architectural phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9483/a-prediction-of-electrical-cost-for-high-rise-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7833</span> Reliability Analysis: A Case Study in Designing Power Distribution System of Tehran Oil Refinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Arani">A. B. Arani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Shojaee"> R. Shojaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical power distribution system is one of the vital infrastructures of an oil refinery, which requires wide area of study and planning before construction. In this paper, power distribution reliability of Tehran Refinery’s KHDS/GHDS unit has been taken into consideration to investigate the importance of these kinds of studies and evaluate the designed system. In this regard, the authors chose and evaluated different configurations of electrical power distribution along with the existing configuration with the aim of finding the most suited configuration which satisfies the conditions of minimum cost of electrical system construction, minimum cost imposed by loss of load, and maximum power system reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distribution%20system" title="power distribution system">power distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20refinery" title=" oil refinery"> oil refinery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment%20cost" title=" investment cost"> investment cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interruption%20cost" title=" interruption cost"> interruption cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25952/reliability-analysis-a-case-study-in-designing-power-distribution-system-of-tehran-oil-refinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">876</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7832</span> Reliability Improvement of Power System Networks Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Alesaadi">Alireza Alesaadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reliability analysis is a powerful method for determining the weak points of the electrical networks. In designing of electrical network, it is tried to design the most reliable network with minimal system shutting down, but it is usually associated with increasing the cost. In this paper, using adaptive genetic algorithm, a method was presented that provides the most reliable system with a certain economical cost. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a sample network and results will be analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20genetic%20algorithm" title=" adaptive genetic algorithm"> adaptive genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20network" title=" electrical network"> electrical network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20engineering" title=" communication engineering"> communication engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6512/reliability-improvement-of-power-system-networks-using-adaptive-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7831</span> Optimized Techniques for Reducing the Reactive Power Generation in Offshore Wind Farms in India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardhasaradhi%20Gudla">Pardhasaradhi Gudla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imanual%20A."> Imanual A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generated electrical power in offshore needs to be transmitted to grid which is located in onshore by using subsea cables. Long subsea cables produce reactive power, which should be compensated in order to limit transmission losses, to optimize the transmission capacity, and to keep the grid voltage within the safe operational limits. Installation cost of wind farm includes the structure design cost and electrical system cost. India has targeted to achieve 175GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 including offshore wind power generation. Due to sea depth is more in India, the installation cost will be further high when compared to European countries where offshore wind energy is already generating successfully. So innovations are required to reduce the offshore wind power project cost. This paper presents the optimized techniques to reduce the installation cost of offshore wind firm with respect to electrical transmission systems. This technical paper provides the techniques for increasing the current carrying capacity of subsea cable by decreasing the reactive power generation (capacitance effect) of the subsea cable. There are many methods for reactive power compensation in wind power plants so far in execution. The main reason for the need of reactive power compensation is capacitance effect of subsea cable. So if we diminish the cable capacitance of cable then the requirement of the reactive power compensation will be reduced or optimized by avoiding the intermediate substation at midpoint of the transmission network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20power" title="offshore wind power">offshore wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20techniques" title=" optimized techniques"> optimized techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system" title=" power system"> power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20sea%20cable" title=" sub sea cable"> sub sea cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91131/optimized-techniques-for-reducing-the-reactive-power-generation-in-offshore-wind-farms-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7830</span> Study of Tool Shape during Electrical Discharge Machining of AISI 52100 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arminder%20Singh%20Walia">Arminder Singh Walia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineet%20Srivastava"> Vineet Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Jain"> Vivek Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) operations, the workpiece confers to the shape of the tool. Further, the cost of the tool contributes the maximum effect on total operation cost. Therefore, the shape and profile of the tool become highly significant. Thus, in this work, an attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters on the shape of the tool. Copper has been used as the tool material for the machining of AISI 52100 die steel. The shape of the tool has been evaluated by determining the difference in out of roundness of tool before and after machining. Statistical model has been developed and significant process parameters have been identified which affect the shape of the tool. Optimum process parameters have been identified which minimizes the shape distortion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge%20current" title="discharge current">discharge current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flushing%20pressure" title=" flushing pressure"> flushing pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse-on%20time" title=" pulse-on time"> pulse-on time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse-off%20time" title=" pulse-off time"> pulse-off time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20of%20roundness" title=" out of roundness"> out of roundness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20discharge%20machining" title=" electrical discharge machining"> electrical discharge machining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89159/study-of-tool-shape-during-electrical-discharge-machining-of-aisi-52100-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7829</span> DG Allocation to Reduce Production Cost by Reducing Losses in Radial Distribution Systems Using Fuzzy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20V.%20Siva%20Krishna%20Rao">G. V. Siva Krishna Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Srinivasa%20Rao"> B. Srinivasa Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical energy is vital in every aspect of day-to-day life. Keen interest is taken on all possible sources of energy from which it can be generated and this led to the encouragement of generating electrical power using renewable energy resources such as solar, tidal waves and wind energy. Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. Distributed Generation (DG) is a promising solution to many power system problems such as voltage regulation, power loss and reduction in operational cost, etc. To reduce production cost, it is important to minimize the losses by determining the location and size of local generators to be placed in the radial distribution systems. In this paper, reduction of production cost by optimal size of DG unit operated at optimal power factor is dealt. The optimal size of the DG unit is calculated analytically using approximate reasoning suitable nodes and DG placement to minimize production cost with minimum loss is determined by fuzzy technique. Total Cost of Power generation is compared with and without DG unit for 1 year duration. The suggested method is programmed under MATLAB software and is tested on IEEE 33 bus system and the results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20cost" title=" operational cost"> operational cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20loss%20formula" title=" exact loss formula"> exact loss formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20size" title=" optimum size"> optimum size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20location" title=" optimum location"> optimum location</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14467/dg-allocation-to-reduce-production-cost-by-reducing-losses-in-radial-distribution-systems-using-fuzzy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7828</span> Feasiblity of Replacing Inductive Instrument Transformers with Non-Conventional Intrument Transformers to replace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20A.%20Wallace">David A. Wallace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salakjit%20J.%20Nilboworn"> Salakjit J. Nilboworn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Secure and reliable transmission and distribution of electrical power is crucial in today’s ever-increasing demand for electricity. Traditional methods of protecting the electrical grid have relied on relaying systems receiving voltage and current inputs from inductive instruments transformers (IT). This method has provided robust and stable performance throughout the years. Today with the advent of new non-conventional transformers (NCIT) and sensors, the electrical landscape is changing. These new systems have to ability to provide the same electrical performance as traditional instrument transformers with the added features of data acquisition, communication, smaller footprint, lower cost and resistance to GMD/GIC events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional%20instrument%20transformers" title="non-conventional instrument transformers">non-conventional instrument transformers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20substations" title=" digital substations"> digital substations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grids" title=" smart grids"> smart grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-grids" title=" micro-grids"> micro-grids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169714/feasiblity-of-replacing-inductive-instrument-transformers-with-non-conventional-intrument-transformers-to-replace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7827</span> Reliability-Based Life-Cycle Cost Model for Engineering Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Lotfalian">Reza Lotfalian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarshan%20Martins"> Sudarshan Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Radziszewski"> Peter Radziszewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of reliability on life-cycle cost, including initial and maintenance cost of a system is studied. The failure probability of a component is used to calculate the average maintenance cost during the operation cycle of the component. The standard deviation of the life-cycle cost is also calculated as an error measure for the average life-cycle cost. As a numerical example, the model is used to study the average life cycle cost of an electric motor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20cost" title="initial cost">initial cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title=" life-cycle cost"> life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20cost" title=" maintenance cost"> maintenance cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947/reliability-based-life-cycle-cost-model-for-engineering-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7826</span> A User-Friendly Approach for Design and Economic Analysis of Standalone PV System for the Electrification of Rural Area of Eritrea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tedros%20Asefaw%20Gebremeskel">Tedros Asefaw Gebremeskel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xaoyi%20Yang"> Xaoyi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential of solar energy in Eritrea is relatively high, based on this truth, there are a number of isolated and remote villages situated far away from the electrical national grid which don’t get access to electricity. The core objective of this work is to design a most favorable and cost-effective power by means of standalone PV system for the electrification of a single housing in the inaccessible area of Eritrea. The sizing of the recommended PV system is achieved, such as radiation data and electrical load for the typical household of the selected site is also well thought-out in the design steps. Finally, the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is conducted to evaluate the economic viability of the system. The outcome of the study promote the use of PV system for a residential building and show that PV system is a reasonable option to provide electricity for household applications in the rural area of Eritrea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrification" title="electrification">electrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inaccessible%20area" title=" inaccessible area"> inaccessible area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stand-alone%20PV%20system" title=" stand-alone PV system"> stand-alone PV system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981/a-user-friendly-approach-for-design-and-economic-analysis-of-standalone-pv-system-for-the-electrification-of-rural-area-of-eritrea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7825</span> Methodology of Geometry Simplification for Conjugate Heat Transfer of Electrical Rotating Machines Using Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20Aggarwal">Sachin Aggarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Kassinger"> Sarah Kassinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Hoffman"> Nicholas Hoffman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geometry simplification is a key step in performing conjugate heat transfer analysis using CFD. This paper proposes a standard methodology for the geometry simplification of rotating machines, such as electrical generators and electrical motors (both air and liquid-cooled). These machines are extensively deployed throughout the aerospace and automotive industries, where optimization of weight, volume, and performance is paramount -especially given the current global transition to renewable energy sources and vehicle hybridization and electrification. Conjugate heat transfer analysis is an essential step in optimizing their complex design. This methodology will help in reducing convergence issues due to poor mesh quality, thus decreasing computational cost and overall analysis time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20machines" title=" electrical machines"> electrical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geometry%20simplification" title=" Geometry simplification"> Geometry simplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150058/methodology-of-geometry-simplification-for-conjugate-heat-transfer-of-electrical-rotating-machines-using-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7824</span> Analysis of Energy Planning and Optimization with Microgrid System in Dawei Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hninn%20Thiri%20Naing">Hninn Thiri Naing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Myanmar, there are many regions that are far away from the national grid. For these areas, isolated regional micro-grids are one of the solutions. The study area in this paper is also operating in such way. The main difficulty in such regions is the high cost of electrical energy. This paper will be approached to cost-effective or cost-optimization by energy planning with renewable energy resources and natural gas. Micro-grid will be set up for performance in the Dawei region since it is economic zone in lower Myanmar and so far from national grids. The required metrological and geographical data collections are done. Currently, the status is electric unit rate is higher than the other. For microgrid planning and optimization, Homer Pro-software is employed in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20planning" title="energy planning">energy planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homer%20pro" title=" homer pro"> homer pro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20energy" title=" cost of energy"> cost of energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150352/analysis-of-energy-planning-and-optimization-with-microgrid-system-in-dawei-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7823</span> Cost Analysis of Hybrid Wind Energy Generating System Considering CO2 Emissions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Badr">M. A. Badr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20El%20Kordy"> M. N. El Kordy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Mohib"> A. N. Mohib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Ibrahim"> M. M. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of generated electricity considering the cost of reduction CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The system consists of small wind turbine(s), storage battery bank and a diesel generator (W/D/B). Using an optimization software package, different system configurations are investigated to reach optimum configuration based on the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) as economic optimization criteria. The cost of avoided CO<sub>2</sub> is taken into consideration. The system is intended to supply the electrical load of a small community (gathering six families) in a remote Egyptian area. The investigated system is not connected to the electricity grid and may replace an existing conventional diesel powered electric supply system to reduce fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The simulation results showed that W/D energy system is more economic than diesel alone. The estimated COE is 0.308$/kWh and extracting the cost of avoided CO<sub>2</sub>, the COE reached 0.226 $/kWh which is an external benefit of wind turbine, as there are no pollutant emissions through operational phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20wind%20turbine%20systems" title="hybrid wind turbine systems">hybrid wind turbine systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20areas%20electrification" title=" remote areas electrification"> remote areas electrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20of%20hybrid%20energy%20systems" title=" simulation of hybrid energy systems"> simulation of hybrid energy systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techno-economic%20study" title=" techno-economic study"> techno-economic study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46604/cost-analysis-of-hybrid-wind-energy-generating-system-considering-co2-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7822</span> An Outsourcing System Model for the Thai Electrical Appliances Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudawan%20Somjai">Sudawan Somjai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper was to find an appropriate outsourcing system model for the Thai electrical appliances industry. The objective was to increase competitive capability of the industry with an outsourcing system. The population for this study was the staff in the selected 10 companies in Thai electrical appliances industry located in Bangkok and the eastern part of Thailand. Data collecting techniques included in-depth interviews, focus group and storytelling techniques. The data was collected from 5 key informants from each company, making a total of 50 informants. The findings revealed that an outsourcing model would consist of important factors including outsourcing system, labor flexibility, capability of business process, manpower management efficiency, cost reduction, business risk elimination, core competency and competitiveness. Different suggestions were made as well in this research paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outsourcing%20system" title="outsourcing system">outsourcing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20appliances%20industry" title=" electrical appliances industry"> electrical appliances industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14373/an-outsourcing-system-model-for-the-thai-electrical-appliances-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7821</span> Effect of Cost Control and Cost Reduction Techniques in Organizational Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babatunde%20Akeem%20Lawal">Babatunde Akeem Lawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In any organization, the primary aim is to maximize profit, but the major challenges facing them is the increase in cost of operation because of this there is increase in cost of production that could lead to inevitable cost control and cost reduction scheme which make it difficult for most organizations to operate at the cost efficient frontier. The study aims to critically examine and evaluate the application of cost control and cost reduction in organization performance and also to review budget as an effective tool of cost control and cost reduction. A descriptive survey research was adopted. A total number of 40 respondent retrieved were used for the study. The analysis of data collected was undertaken by applying appropriate statistical tools. Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis with the use of SPSS. Based on the findings; it was evident that cost control has a positive impact on organizational performance and also the style of management has a positive impact on organizational performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title="organization">organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20reduction" title=" cost reduction"> cost reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20control" title=" cost control"> cost control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget" title=" budget"> budget</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit" title=" profit"> profit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62265/effect-of-cost-control-and-cost-reduction-techniques-in-organizational-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7820</span> Scheduled Maintenance and Downtime Cost in Aircraft Maintenance Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Saltoglu">Remzi Saltoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazmia%20Humaira"> Nazmia Humaira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Inalhan"> Gokhan Inalhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During aircraft maintenance scheduling, operator calculates the budget of the maintenance. Usually, this calculation includes only the costs that are directly related to the maintenance process such as cost of labor, material, and equipment. In some cases, overhead cost is also included. However, in some of those, downtime cost is neglected claiming that grounding is a natural fact of maintenance; therefore, it is not considered as part of the analytical decision-making process. Based on the normalized data, we introduce downtime cost with its monetary value and add its seasonal character. We envision that the rest of the model, which works together with the downtime cost, could be checked with the real life cases, through the review of MRO cost and airline spending in the particular and scheduled maintenance events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20maintenance" title="aircraft maintenance">aircraft maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downtime" title=" downtime"> downtime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downtime%20cost" title=" downtime cost"> downtime cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20cost" title=" maintenance cost"> maintenance cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47046/scheduled-maintenance-and-downtime-cost-in-aircraft-maintenance-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7819</span> Experimental Investigation of Soil Corrosion and Electrical Resistance in Depth by Geoelectrical Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhassan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhassan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maedeh%20Akhavan%20Tavakkoli"> Maedeh Akhavan Tavakkoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining soil engineering properties is essential for geotechnical problems. In addition to high cost, invasive soil survey methods can be time-consuming, so geophysical methods can be an excellent choice to determine soil characteristics. In this study, geoelectric investigation using the Wenner arrangement method has been used to determine the amount of soil corrosion in soil layers in a project site as a case study. This study aims to assess the degree of corrosion of soil layers to a depth of 5 meters and find the variation of soil electrical resistance versus depth. For this purpose, the desired points in the study area were marked and specified, and all withdrawals were made within the specified points. The collected data have been processed by standard and accepted methods, and the results have been presented in the form of calculation tables and curves of electrical resistivity with depth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenner%20array" title="Wenner array">Wenner array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoelectric" title=" geoelectric"> geoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20corrosion" title=" soil corrosion"> soil corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20soil%20resistance" title=" electrical soil resistance"> electrical soil resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146292/experimental-investigation-of-soil-corrosion-and-electrical-resistance-in-depth-by-geoelectrical-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7818</span> A Review of the Factors Causing Cost Overrun in Construction Projects in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaleem%20Ullah">Kaleem Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Halid%20Bin%20Abdullah"> Abd Halid Bin Abdullah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines previous literature on cost overrun in construction projects with the specific aim of determining the frequently observed causes of cost overruns in Malaysian construction projects. Cost overrun is one of the major problems in construction projects. Cost overrun is frequently observed in almost every construction projects. This cost overrun in construction projects occurs due to various reasons and many researchers have carried out various studies to identify the cause factors of this issue. The causes of construction cost overrun could vary from country to country because of the difference in political, economic, social and environmental conditions. Likewise, other countries construction projects in Malaysia have also the issue of cost overrun. The concept of cost overrun in construction projects has attracted much attention in recent years and researches are trying to understand the causes of these overruns and their effects to the construction industry as whole. This paper review various research studies carried out in Malaysia which surveyed the cost performance and cause factors of cost overruns in construction projects in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cause%20of%20cost%20overrun" title="cause of cost overrun">cause of cost overrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20overrun" title=" cost overrun"> cost overrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry%20in%20Malaysia" title=" construction industry in Malaysia"> construction industry in Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20cost%20overrun" title=" effects of cost overrun"> effects of cost overrun</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44973/a-review-of-the-factors-causing-cost-overrun-in-construction-projects-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7817</span> High-Speed Electrical Drives and Applications: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishnavi%20Patil">Vaishnavi Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Kurundkar"> K. M. Kurundkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical Drives play a vital role in industry development and applications. Drives have an inevitable part in the needs of various fields such as industry, commercial, and domestic applications. The development of material technology, Power Electronics devices, and accompanying applications led to the focus of industry and researchers on high-speed electrical drives. Numerous articles charted the applications of electrical machines and various converters for high-speed applications. The choice depends on the application under study. This paper goals to highlight high-speed applications, main challenges, and some applications of electrical drives in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed" title="high-speed">high-speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20machines" title=" electrical machines"> electrical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drives" title=" drives"> drives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications" title=" applications"> applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182583/high-speed-electrical-drives-and-applications-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7816</span> High-Performance Li Doped CuO/Reduced Graphene Oxide Flexible Supercapacitor Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruey-Chi%20Wang">Ruey-Chi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Hsiang%20Huang"> Po-Hsiang Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping-Chang%20Chuang"> Ping-Chang Chuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jen%20Chen"> Shu-Jen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-performance Li: CuO/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) flexible electrodes for supercapacitors were fabricated via a low-temperature and low-cost route. To increase energy density while maintaining high power density and long-term cyclability, Li was doped to increase the electrical conductivity of CuO particles between RGO flakes. Electrochemical measurements show that the electrical conductivity, specific capacitance, energy density, and rate capability were all enhanced by Li incorporation. The optimized Li:CuO/RGO electrodes show a high energy density of 179.9 Wh/kg and a power density of 900.0 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g. Cyclic life tests show excellent stability over 10,000 cycles with a capacitance retention of 93.2%. Li doping improves the electrochemical performance of CuO, making CuO a promising pseudocapacitive material for fabricating low-cost excellent supercapacitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title="supercapacitor">supercapacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuO" title=" CuO"> CuO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGO" title=" RGO"> RGO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium" title=" lithium"> lithium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96629/high-performance-li-doped-cuoreduced-graphene-oxide-flexible-supercapacitor-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7815</span> An Exploration of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of a Stand Alone Solar PV Generated DC Distribution System over AC Distribution System for Use in the Modern as Well as Future Houses of Isolated Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpesh%20Desai">Alpesh Desai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajit%20Mukhopadhyay"> Indrajit Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standalone Photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed and sized to supply certain AC and/or DC electrical loads. In computers, consumer electronics and many small appliances as well as LED lighting the actual power consumed is DC. The DC system, which requires only voltage control, has many advantages such as feasible connection of the distributed energy sources and reduction of the conversion losses for DC-based loads. Also by using the DC power directly the cost of the size of the Inverter and Solar panel reduced hence the overall cost of the system reduced. This paper explores the technical and economic feasibility of supplying electrical power to homes/houses using DC voltage mains within the house. Theoretical calculated results are presented to demonstrate the advantage of DC system over AC system with PV on sustainable rural/isolated development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-grid" title=" off-grid"> off-grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stand-alone%20PV%20system" title=" stand-alone PV system"> stand-alone PV system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techno-socio-economic" title=" techno-socio-economic"> techno-socio-economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42103/an-exploration-of-the-technical-and-economic-feasibility-of-a-stand-alone-solar-pv-generated-dc-distribution-system-over-ac-distribution-system-for-use-in-the-modern-as-well-as-future-houses-of-isolated-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7814</span> Construction Time - Cost Trade-Off Analysis Using Fuzzy Set Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20S.%20Kumar">V. S. S. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Vikram"> B. Vikram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20S.%20Reddy"> G. C. S. Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time and cost are the two critical objectives of construction project management and are not independent but intricately related. Trade-off between project duration and cost are extensively discussed during project scheduling because of practical relevance. Generally when the project duration is compressed, the project calls for an increase in labor and more productive equipments, which increases the cost. Thus, the construction time-cost optimization is defined as a process to identify suitable construction activities for speeding up to attain the best possible savings in both time and cost. As there is hidden tradeoff relationship between project time and cost, it might be difficult to predict whether the total cost would increase or decrease as a result of compressing the schedule. Different combinations of duration and cost for the activities associated with the project determine the best set in the time-cost optimization. Therefore, the contractors need to select the best combination of time and cost to perform each activity, all of which will ultimately determine the project duration and cost. In this paper, the fuzzy set theory is used to model the uncertainties in the project environment for time-cost trade off analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20sets" title="fuzzy sets">fuzzy sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20factors" title=" qualitative factors"> qualitative factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14733/construction-time-cost-trade-off-analysis-using-fuzzy-set-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">652</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7813</span> Exploring the Techniques of Achieving Structural Electrical Continuity for Gas Plant Facilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmohsen%20Alghadeer">Abdulmohsen Alghadeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Mahashir"> Fahad Al Mahashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loai%20Al%20Owa"> Loai Al Owa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najim%20Alshahrani"> Najim Alshahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical continuity of steel structure members is an essential condition to ensure equipotential and ultimately to protect personnel and assets in industrial facilities. The steel structure is electrically connected to provide a low resistance path to earth through equipotential bonding to prevent sparks and fires in the event of fault currents and avoid malfunction of the plant with detrimental consequences to the local and global environment. The oil and gas industry is commonly establishing steel structure electrical continuity by bare surface connection of coated steel members. This paper presents information pertaining to a real case of exploring and applying different techniques to achieve the electrical continuity in erecting steel structures at a gas plant facility. A project was supplied with fully coated steel members even at the surface connection members that cause electrical discontinuity. This was observed while a considerable number of steel members had already been received at the job site and erected. This made the resolution of the case to use different techniques such as bolt tightening and torqueing, chemical paint stripping and single point jumpers. These techniques are studied with comparative analysis related to their applicability, workability, time and cost advantages and disadvantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coated%20Steel" title="coated Steel">coated Steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20continuity" title=" electrical continuity"> electrical continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipotential%20bonding" title=" equipotential bonding"> equipotential bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galvanized%20steel" title=" galvanized steel"> galvanized steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20plant%20facility" title=" gas plant facility"> gas plant facility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning%20protection" title=" lightning protection"> lightning protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155641/exploring-the-techniques-of-achieving-structural-electrical-continuity-for-gas-plant-facilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7812</span> Cost Overrun Causes in Public Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Mahamid">Ibrahim Mahamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Ghonamy"> A. Al-Ghonamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aichouni"> M. Aichouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is conducted to identify causes of cost deviations in public construction projects in Saudi Arabia from contractors’ perspective. 41 factors that might affect cost estimating accuracy were identified through literature review and discussion with some construction experts. The factors were tabulated in a questionnaire form and a field survey included 51 contractors from the Northern Province of Saudi Arabia was performed. The results show that the top five important causes are: wrong estimation method, long period between design and time of implementation, cost of labor, cost of machinary and absence of construction-cost data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20deviation" title="cost deviation">cost deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20construction" title=" public construction"> public construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20estimating" title=" cost estimating"> cost estimating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contractors" title=" contractors"> contractors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22361/cost-overrun-causes-in-public-construction-projects-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7811</span> Estimation of Aquifer Parameters Using Vertical Electrical Sounding in Ochudo City, Abakaliki Urban Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses.%20O.%20Eyankware">Moses. O. Eyankware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benard%20I.%20Odoh"> Benard I. Odoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omoleomo%20O.%20Omo-Irabor"> Omoleomo O. Omo-Irabor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20O.%20I.%20Selemo"> Alex O. I. Selemo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity is essential for the determination of natural water flow through an aquifer. These parameters are commonly estimated from the analysis of electrical conductivity, soil properties and fluid flow data. In order to achieve a faster and cost effective analysis of aquifer parameters in Ochudo City in Abakaliki, this study relied on non-invasive geophysical methods. As part of this approach, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was conducted at 20 sites in the study area for the identification of the vertical variation in subsurface lithology and for the characterization of the groundwater system. The area variously consists of between five to seven geoelectric layers of different thicknesses. Depth to aquifer ranges from 9.94 m-134.0 m while the thickness of the identified aquifer varies between 8.43 m and 44.31 m. Based on the electrical conductivity values of water samples collected from two boreholes and two hand-dug wells within the study area, the hydraulic conductivity was determined to range from 0.10 to 0.433 m/day. The estimated thickness of the aquifer and calculated hydraulic conductivity were used to derive the aquifer transmissivity. The results indicate that this parameter ranges from 1.58-7.56 m²/day with a formation factor of between 0.31-3.6. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asu%20river%20group" title="Asu river group">Asu river group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmissivity" title=" transmissivity"> transmissivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abakaliki" title=" abakaliki"> abakaliki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20electrical%20sounding%20%28VES%29" title=" vertical electrical sounding (VES)"> vertical electrical sounding (VES)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35836/estimation-of-aquifer-parameters-using-vertical-electrical-sounding-in-ochudo-city-abakaliki-urban-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7810</span> Chaotic Dynamics of Cost Overruns in Oil and Gas Megaprojects: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20Olaniran">O. J. Olaniran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20E.%20D.%20Love"> P. E. D. Love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20J.%20Edwards"> D. J. Edwards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Olatunji"> O. Olatunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Matthews"> J. Matthews</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost overruns are a persistent problem in oil and gas megaprojects. Whilst the extant literature is filled with studies on incidents and causes of cost overruns, underlying theories to explain their emergence in oil and gas megaprojects are few. Yet, a way to contain the syndrome of cost overruns is to understand the bases of ‘how and why’ they occur. Such knowledge will also help to develop pragmatic techniques for better overall management of oil and gas megaprojects. The aim of this paper is to explain the development of cost overruns in hydrocarbon megaprojects through the perspective of chaos theory. The underlying principles of chaos theory and its implications for cost overruns are examined and practical recommendations proposed. In addition, directions for future research in this fertile area provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos%20theory" title="chaos theory">chaos theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas" title=" oil and gas"> oil and gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20overruns" title=" cost overruns"> cost overruns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=megaprojects" title=" megaprojects "> megaprojects </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25395/chaotic-dynamics-of-cost-overruns-in-oil-and-gas-megaprojects-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">559</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7809</span> Identification of Factors Influencing Costs in Green Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazirah%20Zainul%20Abidin">Nazirah Zainul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20Mokhtar%20Azizi"> Nurul Zahirah Mokhtar Azizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost has always been the leading concern in green building development. The perception that construction cost for green building is higher than conventional buildings has only made the discussion of green building cost more difficult. Understanding the factors that will influence the cost of green construction is expected to shed light into what makes green construction more or at par with conventional projects, or perhaps, where cost can be optimised. This paper identifies the elements of cost before shifting the attention to the influencing factors. Findings from past studies uncovered various factors related to cost which are grouped into five focal themes i.e. awareness, knowledge, financial, technical, and government support. A conceptual framework is produced in a form of a flower diagram indicating the cost influencing factors of green building development. These factors were found to be both physical and non-physical aspects of a project. The framework provides ground for the next stage of research that is to further explore how these factors influence the project cost and decision making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20project" title="green project">green project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors%20influencing%20cost" title=" factors influencing cost"> factors influencing cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20cost" title=" hard cost"> hard cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20cost" title=" soft cost"> soft cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49827/identification-of-factors-influencing-costs-in-green-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7808</span> Water Heating System with Solar Energy from Solar Panel as Absorber to Reduce the Reduction of Efficiency Solar Panel Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mas%20Aji%20Rizki%20Widjayanto">Mas Aji Rizki Widjayanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizka%20Yunita"> Rizka Yunita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building which has an efficient and low-energy today followed by the developers. It’s not because trends on the building nowaday, but rather because of its positive effects in the long term, where the cost of energy per month to be much cheaper, along with the high price of electricity. The use of solar power (Photovoltaic System) becomes one source of electrical energy for the apartment so that will efficiently use energy, water, and other resources in the operations of the apartment. However, more than 80% of the solar radiation is not converted into electrical energy, but reflected and converted into heat energy. This causes an increase on the working temperature of solar panels and consequently decrease the efficiency of conversion to electrical energy. The high temperature solar panels work caused by solar radiation can be used as medium heat exchanger or heating water for the apartments, so that the working temperature of the solar panel can be lowered to reduce the reduction on the efficiency of conversion to electrical energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title="photovoltaic system">photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient" title=" efficient"> efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20energy" title=" heat energy"> heat energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger"> heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20conversion" title=" efficiency of conversion"> efficiency of conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23179/water-heating-system-with-solar-energy-from-solar-panel-as-absorber-to-reduce-the-reduction-of-efficiency-solar-panel-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7807</span> Comparison of Electrical Parameters of Oil-Immersed and Dry-Type Transformer Using Finite Element Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Amin">U. Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Talib"> A. Talib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Qureshi"> S. A. Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Hossain"> M. J. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ahmad"> G. Ahmad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The choice evaluation between oil-immersed and dry-type transformers is often controlled by cost, location, and application. This paper compares the electrical performance of liquid- filled and dry-type transformers, which will assist the customer to choose the right and efficient ones for particular applications. An accurate assessment of the time-average flux density, electric field intensity and voltage distribution in an oil-insulated and a dry-type transformer have been computed and investigated. The detailed transformer modeling and analysis has been carried out to determine electrical parameter distributions. The models of oil-immersed and dry-type transformers are developed and solved by using the finite element method (FEM) to compare the electrical parameters. The effects of non-uniform and non-coherent voltage gradient, flux density and electric field distribution on the power losses and insulation properties of transformers are studied in detail. The results show that, for the same voltage and kilo-volt-ampere (kVA) rating, oil-immersed transformers have better insulation properties and less hysteresis losses than the dry-type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20density" title=" flux density"> flux density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20gradient" title=" voltage gradient"> voltage gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76615/comparison-of-electrical-parameters-of-oil-immersed-and-dry-type-transformer-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7806</span> Electrical Conductivity as Pedotransfer Function in the Determination of Sodium Adsorption Ratio in Soil System in Managing Micro Level Farming Practices in India: An Effective Low Cost Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usha%20Loganathan">Usha Loganathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haresh%20Pandya"> Haresh Pandya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis and correlation of soil properties represent an important outset for precision agriculture and is currently promoted and implemented in the developed world. Establishing relationships among indices of soil salinity has always been a challenging task in salt affected soils necessitating unique approaches for their reclamation and management to sustain long term productivity of Soil. Soil salinity indices like Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) are normally used to characterize soils as either sodic or saline sodic. Currently, Determination of Soil sodium adsorption ratio is a more accepted and reliable measure of soil salinity. However, it involves arduous and protracted laboratory investigations which demand evolving new and economical methods to determine SAR based on simple soil salinity index. A linear regression model to predict soil SAR from soil electrical conductivity has been developed and presented in this paper as per which, soil SAR could very well be worked out as a pedotransfer function of soil EC. The present study was carried out in Orathupalayam (11.09-11.11 N latitude and 74.54-77.59 E longitude) in the vicinity of Orathupalayam Reservoir of Noyyal River Basin, India, over a period of 3 consecutive years from September 2013 through February 2016 in different locations chosen randomly through different seasons. The research findings are discussed in the light of micro level farming practices in India and recommend determination of SAR as a low cost technology aiding in the effective management of salt affected agricultural land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title="electrical conductivity">electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orathupalayam" title=" orathupalayam"> orathupalayam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedotranfer%20function" title=" pedotranfer function"> pedotranfer function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20adsorption%20ratio" title=" sodium adsorption ratio"> sodium adsorption ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67333/electrical-conductivity-as-pedotransfer-function-in-the-determination-of-sodium-adsorption-ratio-in-soil-system-in-managing-micro-level-farming-practices-in-india-an-effective-low-cost-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7805</span> Prediction of Index-Mechanical Properties of Pyroclastic Rock Utilizing Electrical Resistivity Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C4%B0nce">İsmail İnce</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to determine index and mechanical properties of pyroclastic rock in a practical way by means of electrical resistivity method. For this purpose, electrical resistivity, uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength, P-wave velocity, density and porosity values of 10 different pyroclastic rocks were measured in the laboratory. A simple regression analysis was made among the index-mechanical properties of the samples compatible with electrical resistivity values. A strong exponentially relation was found between index-mechanical properties and electrical resistivity values. The electrical resistivity method can be used to assess the engineering properties of the rock from which it is difficult to obtain regular shaped samples as a non-destructive method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title="electrical resistivity">electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index-mechanical%20properties" title=" index-mechanical properties"> index-mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroclastic%20rocks" title=" pyroclastic rocks"> pyroclastic rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48205/prediction-of-index-mechanical-properties-of-pyroclastic-rock-utilizing-electrical-resistivity-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=261">261</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=262">262</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>