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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Agtergrond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agtergrond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Agtergrond</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agtergrond-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Agtergrond subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agtergrond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oorsprong_van_die_naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsprong_van_die_naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oorsprong van die naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsprong_van_die_naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cecil_John_Rhodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cecil_John_Rhodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cecil John Rhodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cecil_John_Rhodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Beers_Consolidated_Mines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Beers_Consolidated_Mines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>De Beers Consolidated Mines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Beers_Consolidated_Mines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Beers-monopolie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Beers-monopolie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>De Beers-monopolie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Beers-monopolie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aktiewe_myne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aktiewe_myne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aktiewe myne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aktiewe_myne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Aktiewe myne subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aktiewe_myne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Botswana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Botswana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Namibië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Kanada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_verwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_verwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2015 verwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_verwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">De Beers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 40 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="دي بيرز – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دي بيرز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="د بیرز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="د بیرز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="د بیرز – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="د بیرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="דה בירס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דה בירס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="デビアス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デビアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="드비어스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="드비어스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="தே பீர்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தே பீர்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA" title="เดอเบียร์ส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดอเบียร์ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="דע בירס – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דע בירס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="戴比尔斯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴比尔斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="De Beers" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471891#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%;"><b>De Beers</b> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:16px 0 16px 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:De_Beers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/De_Beers.svg/130px-De_Beers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/De_Beers.svg/195px-De_Beers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/De_Beers.svg/260px-De_Beers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Tipe </th> <td>Groep </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Gestig </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> deur <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;" class="label">Hoofkantoor </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, Engeland, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> </td></tr> <tr><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Sleutelpersone</th><td>Duncan Wanblad (Voorsitter)<br />Al Cook (HUB)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Produkte</th><td><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamante</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;"> Inkomste</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">VS$</a> 6,08 miljard (2018)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Netto inkomste</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">VS$</a> 327 miljoen (<a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</td></tr> <tr><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Werknemers</th><td>20 000</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.75em;">Webwerf</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debeersgroup.com">www<wbr />.debeersgroup<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471891#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:DeBeersBevHills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DeBeersBevHills.jpg/220px-DeBeersBevHills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DeBeersBevHills.jpg/330px-DeBeersBevHills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DeBeersBevHills.jpg/440px-DeBeersBevHills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>'n Diamantafsetpunt van De Beers in die stad <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Beverly Hills, Kalifornië">Beverly Hills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>De Beers</b> is 'n familie van maatskappye wat die wêreldwye <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamantbedryf</a> oorheers. Hulle ontgin diamante in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agtergrond">Agtergrond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Agtergrond" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Agtergrond"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tot en met 1873 was die diamantbedryf in <a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a> totaal ongereguleerd. Diamante is uit vier myne ontgin: Kimberley-myn, <a href="/wiki/De_Beer-broers" title="De Beer-broers">De Beers-plaas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutoitspan" title="Dutoitspan">Dutoitspan</a> en Bultfontein. Destyds mag elke persoon slegs een kleim besit het maar 'n kleim kon meer as een eienaar gehad het. Almal het winste nagejaag en die aanbod het die aanvraag oorskry wat lae pryse tot gevolg gehad het. Namate daar dieper gegrawe is, het dit ook ál moeiliker geword om erts na die oppervlak te bring en ál meer kapitaal was nodig om die kleims te bedryf. Teen 1874 het die mynraad die probleme probeer oorkom deur toe te laat dat elke persoon tien kleims besit. Dit het ook nie die gewenste uitwerking gehad nie en teen 1876 is die beperking opgehef. Hierdie besluit het twee groot gevolge gehad: die banke was bereid om finansiering beskikbaar te stel en die deur na internasionale geldmarkte is oopgestel. </p><p>Teen 1879 was daar reeds 12 maatskappye in Kimberley wat oor kapitaal van £ 2 000 000 beskik het en teen 1880 was daar 71 maatskappye met £ 8 000 000 tot hul beskikking. Die gevolg hiervan was dat dit die einde van die alleendelwer. Delwers het hulle kleims aan maatskappye verkoop en dan die droë delwerye verlaat of direkteure van die maatskappye geword. </p><p>Die maatskappye kon met hul kapitaal beter en meer masjinerie aankoop soos hys en wasmasjiene. Hulle kon ook ondergrondse <a href="/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou">mynbou</a> toepas deur middel van skagte en tonnels. Op hierdie manier is Kimberley-myn (<a href="/wiki/Groot_Gat" title="Groot Gat">Groot Gat</a>) tot op 'n diepte van 400 voet gemyn. Die koste het egter begin toeneem sodat selfs van die ryk maatskappye teen die middel van die tagtigerjare dit moeilik gevind het om wins te maak. Die maatskappye kon egter daarin slaag om diamantproduksie te verhoog van 856 353 <a href="/wiki/Karaat" title="Karaat">karaat</a> in 1882 tot 3,5 miljoen karaat in 1888. Teen 1885 was daar slegs 42 openbare en 56 privaat maatskappye in Kimberley oor. </p><p>Daar was dus nog te veel kleim-eienaars om 'n gesentraliseerde, beheerde diamantmark daar te stel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oorsprong_van_die_naam">Oorsprong van die naam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsprong van die naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsprong van die naam"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dis genoem na die broers Diedrich Arnoldus en <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Nicolaas_de_Beer" title="Johannes Nicolaas de Beer">Johannes Nicolaas de Beer</a>, eienaars van die plaas Vooruitzicht, waarop diamante in 1870 ontdek is. Hulle het geen verbintenis met die De Beers-maatskappy gehad nie omdat hulle hul plaas vir £6 000 verkoop het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cecil_John_Rhodes">Cecil John Rhodes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Cecil John Rhodes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Cecil John Rhodes"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cecil_John_Rhodes" title="Cecil John Rhodes">Cecil John Rhodes</a> het egter besef dat sentralisasie slegs verkry kan word deur amalgamasie van maatskappye en dat dit die enigste manier was om die bedryf te beheer. Nadat hy die land binnegekom het as 'n agtienjarige, het hy eers op sy broer, Herbert, se kleim gewerk in die Kimberleymyn. Hy het daarna begin woeker deur kleims te koop en verkoop in die Kimberley- en De Beersmyne. Hy het ook 'n kontrak verkry om water uit die De Beersmyn te pomp. In 1873 het Rhodes kragte met sy delwersvriend <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rudd" title="Charles Rudd">Charles D. Rudd</a> saamgesnoer en het hulle hul eienaarskap in die De Beersmyn uitgebrei. </p><p>Deur amalgamasies, vennootskappe en aankope het hulle binne 'n paar jaar die beste kleims in die De Beersmyn besit. Eers het Robert Graham by hulle aangesluit in 1874, later is die Baxter Holdings se kleims gekoop. </p><p>Op 1 April 1880 is die belange van Rhodes en Rudd, Dunsmure & Alderson en Stow, Compton & English saamgevoeg in 'n maatskappy naamlik <i>De Beers Mining Company Limited</i> waarvan Rhodes die voorsitter was. Die maatskappy het oor kapitaal van £200 000 beskik en alreeds teen 1886 oor die £1 miljoen beskik. In 1887 het hulle ook die belange van Victoria Company en die Swabs Gully Mine verkry. Dit het tot gevolg dat die hele De Beersmyn in die besit van <i>De Beers Mining Company Limited</i> was. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_Beers_Consolidated_Mines">De Beers Consolidated Mines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: De Beers Consolidated Mines" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: De Beers Consolidated Mines"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na die oorname van die De Beersmyn het die <i>De Beers Mining Company Limited</i> begin loer na die Kimberleymyn. Daar was twee groot rolspelers: <a href="/wiki/Barney_Barnato" title="Barney Barnato">Barney Barnato</a> en die <i>Kimberley Central Diamond Company</i>. 'n Groot stryd het tussen Barnato en Rhodes ontstaan; Barnato was gekant teen Rhodes se amalgamasieplanne. Barnato het egter een probleem gehad: 'n Franse maatskappy, waarvan <a href="/wiki/Jules_Porg%C3%A8s" title="Jules Porgès">Jules Porgès</a> die eienaar was, <i>Compagnie Française des Mines de Diamant du Cap de Bon Espérance</i> se eiendom het <i>Kimberley Central</i> se kleims in twee verdeel en die maksimale bewerking van die kleims beperk. Rhodes het die probleem raakgesien en die Franse maatskappy vir £1,4 miljoen gekoop met 'n lening wat hy met <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Rothschild" title="Nathaniel Rothschild">lord Rothschild</a> aangegaan het. Rhodes het toe dié maatskappy te koop aangebied aan Barnato in ruil vir aandele in <i>Kimberley Central Diamond Company</i>. Barnato het die voordele van die transaksie gesien en De Beers met 35 600 aandele van <i>Kimberley Central</i> plus 'n paar honderdduisend pond kontant betaal. Dit het aan Rhodes 'n vyfde aandeel in <i>Kimberley Central</i> gegee. Rhodes het toe meëdoenloos begin om die ander beskikbare aandele van <i>Kimberley Central</i> op te koop. Barnato begin toe dieselfde doen met gevolg dat <i>Kimberley Central</i> se aandeelprys verhoog en diamantpryse daal. Barnato staak sy geveg met Rhodes en op 13 Maart 1888 word <i>De Beers Consolidated Mines</i> gestig met 'n kapitaal van £100 000. </p><p>Vier persone besit al die aandele behalwe 25: Barnato 6658 aandele, F.S. Philipson-Stow (aandeelhouer in <i>Kimberley Central</i>) 4439 aandele en Rhodes en <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit">Alfred Beit</a> het 4439 aandele elk. Hierdie vier persone was ook lewenslange direkteure van die maatskappy. Tydens 'n algemene vergadering op 31 Maart 1888 van <i>De Beers Mining Company Limited</i> word besluit dat laasgenoemde sal opgaan in <i>De Beers Consolidated Mines</i>. Aandeelhouers in <i>Kimberley Central</i> maak beswaar teen die amalgamasie wat deur die hooggeregshof gehandhaaf word. Rhodes laat <i>Kimberley Central</i> egter likwideer en <i>De Beers Consolidated Mines</i> koop die gelikwideerde maatskappy vir £ 5 338 650. Die transaksie gee <i>De Beers Consolidated Mines</i> eienaarskap oor beide die Kimberley- en De Beersmyne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_Beers-monopolie">De Beers-monopolie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: De Beers-monopolie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: De Beers-monopolie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na die <i>Kimberley Central</i>-transaksie het Rhodes sy aandag gevestig op die Du Toitspan- en Bultfonteinmyne. Hy wou graag die beheer oor die twee myne ook kry om oorproduksie te voorkom en ook om te verhoed dat hulle in die hande van buitelandse maatskappye val. De Beers het in elk reeds belange gehad in die myne. Rhodes beluit dat hy nie hierdie keer die samesmeltingstrategie gaan volg nie omrede die myne relatief armer was as die Kimberley- en De Beersmyne. Hy sluit 'n huurooreenkoms met die grootste maatskappy van die Du Toitspan- en Bultfonteinmyne. Hierdie maatskappye was nou verseker van 'n vaste inkomste en het geen ontginningskopsere gehad nie. De Beers het nou beheer oor die myne gehad sonder om kapitaal uit te lê. Teen 1890 het De Beers ongeveer 90% van die diamantproduksie in die Kimberleygebied gelewer en het nou feitlik oor 'n monopolie beskik. De Beers het gevolglik die produksie van 3,5 miljoen karaat in 1888 na 2,7 miljoen verminder die volgende jaar. Dit het verseker dat die pryse gestyg en toe gestabiliseer het. </p><p>De Beers kon ook nou produksiekoste verminder deur meer doeltreffende masjinerie aan te koop, eenvormige mynboumetodes te gebruik, minder mense in diens te neem en sy werkers op te lei. </p><p>In 1890 het De Beers 'n ooreenkoms met die <i>Diamond Syndicate</i> aangegaan om afset te konsilideer. Die sindikaat sou al sy diamante aankoop en die aankope toewys aan elke diamanthandelaar. Gevolglik het De Beers se wins gestyg van £448 000 in 1889 na £2 miljoen in 1899. Dividende uitbetaal het gestyg van £0,78 miljoen in 1890 tot £1,5 miloen in 1899. </p><p>In 1890 is die Wesseltonmyn in Kimberley geopen. Om hierdie bedreiging die hoof te bied het De Beers in 1891 die hele stuk grond gekoop waarop die myn geleë was vir £303 000. Die myn het uit 1 115 kleims bestaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aktiewe_myne">Aktiewe myne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Aktiewe myne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Aktiewe myne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Beers besit tans myne in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> en Suid-Afrika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botswana">Botswana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Botswana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Botswana"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jwaneng</li> <li>Letlhakane</li> <li>Orapa</li> <li>Damtshaa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibië"><span id="Namibi.C3.AB"></span>Namibië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Namibië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Namibië"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Namdeb se kusmyne</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanada">Kanada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Kanada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kanada"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Snap Lake</li> <li>Victor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Suid-Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Suid-Afrika"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kimberley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia-diamantmyn" title="Venetia-diamantmyn">Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorspoeddiamantmyn" title="Voorspoeddiamantmyn">Voorspoed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2015_verwikkeling">2015 verwikkeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: 2015 verwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 2015 verwikkeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 1 Desember 2015 reik De Beers 'n persverklaring uit waarin bevestig word dat hulle al hul oorblywende myne in Kimberley aan <i>Petra Diamonds</i> verkoop het vir R102 miljoen. Hulle het dus na 127 jaar beheer verloor oor diamantontginning in Kimberley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ensiklopedie_van_Suidelike_Afrika" title="Ensiklopedie van Suidelike Afrika">Ensiklopedie van Suidelike Afrika</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Rosenthal" title="Eric Rosenthal">Eric Rosenthal</a>, 1967</li> <li><i>Die ontdekking van Rykdom</i> Diko van Zyl. 2013 <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781868063437" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978 1 86806 343 7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Beers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" 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