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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_bishopric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_bishopric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval bishopric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_bishopric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish-Lithuanian_and_Swedish_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish-Lithuanian_and_Swedish_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish-Lithuanian_and_Swedish_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Imperial Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_Estonia_(1918–1940)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Estonia_(1918–1940)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Independent Estonia (1918–1940)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Estonia_(1918–1940)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_and_Soviet_occupations_(1940–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_and_Soviet_occupations_(1940–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>German and Soviet occupations (1940–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_and_Soviet_occupations_(1940–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Neighbourhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 113 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartto" title="Tartto – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tartto" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorpat" title="Dorpat – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dorpat" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="تارتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تارتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Թարթու – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թարթու" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Tartu (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tartu (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τάρτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάρτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Тарту ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тарту ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="تارتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تارتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC" title="타르투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타르투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Տարտու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95" title="טרטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="ტარტუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტარტუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbatum" title="Tarbatum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tarbatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="तार्तू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तार्तू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="تارتو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تارتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82" title="टार्टू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टार्टू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5" title="タルトゥ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タルトゥ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu_(Steed)" title="Tartu (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tartu (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taatu" title="Taatu – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Taatu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81" title="ਤਾਰਤੁ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਰਤੁ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derpt" title="Derpt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Derpt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartto" title="Tartto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tartto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9" title="ตาร์ตู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตาร์ตู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тарту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тарту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="تارتو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تارتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarto" title="Tarto – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tarto" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BE" title="塔尔图 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔尔图" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%9C%96" title="塔圖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔圖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BE" title="塔尔图 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔尔图" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tartu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tartu&params=58_22_48_N_26_43_21_E_region:EE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°22′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°43′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.38000°N 26.72250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.38000; 26.72250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second most populous city in Estonia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tartu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tartu (disambiguation)">Tartu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tartu County, Estonia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow 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.ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tartu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tartu_%282019%29.jpg/268px-Tartu_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tartu_%282019%29.jpg/402px-Tartu_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tartu_%282019%29.jpg/536px-Tartu_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div>View of Tartu and the <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi River</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg/132px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg/198px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg/264px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img32_View_from_Emaj%C3%B5e_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7885" data-file-height="5257" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St. John's Church, Tartu">St. John's Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg/132px-Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg/198px-Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg/264px-Eesti_Rahva_Muuseumi_peahoone_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div style="border:1;;height:71px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg/136px-Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg/204px-Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg/272px-Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5284" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style="border:1;;height:71px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg/128px-Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg/192px-Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg/256px-Tartu_Raekoja_platsi_vaade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3572" data-file-height="2011" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Raekoja_plats,_Tartu" title="Raekoja plats, Tartu">Town Hall Square</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Capital of Southern Estonia<sup id="cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitsouthestonia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Heade mõtete linn</i><br />("City of good thoughts")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu is located in Europe"><img alt="Tartu is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.258%;left:56.337%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tartu"><img alt="Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tartu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu is located in Baltic Sea"><img alt="Tartu is located in Baltic Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.62%;left:82.049%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tartu"><img alt="Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tartu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> region</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Baltic Sea</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estonia_relief_map_(2005-2017).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu is located in Estonia"><img alt="Tartu is located in Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/250px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/375px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/500px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="696" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.125%;left:75.688%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tartu"><img alt="Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tartu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Estonia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Estonia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tartu&params=58_22_48_N_26_43_21_E_region:EE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°22′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°43′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.38000°N 26.72250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.38000; 26.72250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_County" title="Tartu County">Tartu County</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia" title="Municipalities of Estonia">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_(urban_municipality)" title="Tartu (urban municipality)">Tartu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">5th century AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First mentioned</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1030</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City rights</th><td class="infobox-data">before 1262</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.80 km<sup>2</sup> (15 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">37.9 km<sup>2</sup> (14.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1.3 km<sup>2</sup> (0.5 sq mi)  3.39%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">57.2 m (188 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">79 m (259 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-RV0240_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0240-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">97,435</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500/km<sup>2</sup> (6,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">tartlane</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City</th><td class="infobox-data">€3.042 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€30,569 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • other</th><td class="infobox-data">5.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">50050 to 51111</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">T</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tartu.ee/en">City of Tartu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tartu</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the second largest city in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> after <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. Tartu has a population of 97,435 (as of 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-RV0240_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0240-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 186 kilometres (116 miles) southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia. Tartu lies on the <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a> river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, <a href="/wiki/Lake_V%C3%B5rtsj%C3%A4rv" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Võrtsjärv">Lake Võrtsjärv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Peipus" title="Lake Peipus">Lake Peipus</a>. From the 13th century until the end of the 19th century, Tartu was known in most of the world by variants of its historical name <b>Dorpat</b>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/220px--Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Aerial_view_of_Toomemägi,_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi,_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="2720" data-height="1530" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm/Aerial_view_of_Toomem%C3%A4gi%2C_toomkirik_and_Tartu_downtown.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Toomem%C3%A4gi" title="Toomemägi">Toomemägi</a>, Tartu cathedral and Tartu downtown</figcaption></figure> <p>Tartu, the largest urban centre of southern Estonia, is often considered the "intellectual capital city" of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitsouthestonia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially as it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> (founded in 1632).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tartu also houses the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court of Estonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Estonia)" title="Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)">Ministry of Education and Research</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a>, and the oldest Estonian-language theatre, <a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a>. It is also the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival" title="Estonian Song Festival">Estonian Song Festivals</a>. </p><p>Tartu was designated as the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-ecb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_etymology">Names and etymology<span class="anchor" id="Names_and_etymology"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Tartu_in_different_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Tartu in different languages">Names of Tartu in different languages</a></div> <p>It is thought that the name derives from the word for <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a>, <i>tarvas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Estonia became an independent country in 1918, the Estonian-language <i>Tartu</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Estonian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈtɑrtˑu]</a></span>), alternative <a href="/wiki/South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a> spelling: <i>Tarto</i>) has been the only name in official use but throughout its history there have also been various names for it in other languages. Most of them derive ultimately from the earliest attested form, the Estonian <i>Tarbatu</i>. In German, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> the town has been known, and up until the 20th century was sometimes referred to, as <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/De-Dorpat.ogg\/De-Dorpat.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Dorpat<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Dorpat.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De-Dorpat.ogg/De-Dorpat.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Dorpat</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Dorpat.ogg" title="File:De-Dorpat.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, a variant of <i>Tarbatu</i>. In Russian the city has been known as <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Юрьев</span></span> (<i>Yur′yev</i>, after <a href="/wiki/Yury" title="Yury">Yuri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptismal name">baptismal name</a> of grand prince <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav I the Wise">Yaroslav I the Wise</a>) and as <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Дерпт</span></span> (<i>Derpt</i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> variant of <i>Dorpat</i>). Similarly the city has been known as <i>Tērbata</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> speakers use the toponym <i>Tartto</i>. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi River, whose name literally means 'mother river' in Estonian. In Latvian, the name of Emajõgi river is Mētra.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, Tartu's historical unofficial name in Latvian is Mētraine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Tartu was the main center for Latvian academic education, which is the reason why the name of the city used to be Latvianized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="min-width:300px"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Historical affiliations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ugandi_County" title="Ugandi County">Ugandi County</a> pre-1030 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/14px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/22px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/29px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="351" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> 1030–1061 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ugandi_County" title="Ugandi County">Ugandi County</a> 1061–1134 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/14px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/22px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/29px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="351" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> 1134 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ugandi_County" title="Ugandi County">Ugandi County</a> 1134–1191/1192 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/14px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/22px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png/29px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="351" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> 1191/1192 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ugandi_County" title="Ugandi County">Ugandi County</a> 1191/1192–1220 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg/13px-Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg/20px-Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg/27px-Zakon_Kawaler%C3%B3w_Mieczowych_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="833" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a> 1220–1223 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ugandi_County" title="Ugandi County">Ugandi County</a> 1223 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg/20px-Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg/31px-Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg/40px-Nowogr%C3%B3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="417" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a> 1223–1224 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/14px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/21px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/27px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="440" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Dorpat" title="Bishopric of Dorpat">Bishopric of Dorpat</a> 1224–1558 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg/23px-Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg/35px-Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg/46px-Great_banner_of_Ivan_IV_of_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="310" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> 1558–1582 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Duchy of Livonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a>) 1582–1600 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a> 1600–1603 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> 1603–1625 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a> 1625–1656 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> 1656–1661 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden_%281562%E2%80%931650%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a> 1661–1704 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> (Muscovy) 1704–1721<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> 1721–1917 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a> 1917 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia_%281918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1063" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Soviet Republic">Russian Soviet Republic</a> 1917–1918 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> 1918 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War I">German occupation</a> 1918<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> 1918 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia" title="Commune of the Working People of Estonia">Commune of the Working People of Estonia</a> 1918–1919 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> 1919–1940 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation</a> 1940–1941<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">German occupation</a> 1941–1944<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation</a> 1944–1990<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">in transition</a>) 1990–1991<br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a> 1991–onwards </li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence of the first permanent settlement on the site of modern Tartu dates to as early as the 5th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mäesalu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 7th century, local inhabitants had built a wooden fortification on the east side of <a href="/wiki/Toomem%C3%A4gi" title="Toomemägi">Toome Hill</a> (<i>Toomemägi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mäesalu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next centuries the settlement grew, and around 9th–10th centuries became an inland trading center.<sup id="cite_ref-Mäesalu2005_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mäesalu2005-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first documented records of the area were made by later mediaeval chroniclers who described the events of early-11th-century <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Primary_Chronicle" title="Primary Chronicle">Primary Chronicle</a></i> (PVL) and <i><a href="/wiki/Sofia_First_Chronicle" title="Sofia First Chronicle">Sofia First Chronicle</a></i> (SPL), <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Kiev" title="Grand Prince of Kiev">Grand Prince of Kiev</a>, invaded the region of Tartu in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1030, and after defeating the <i><a href="/wiki/Chud" title="Chud">Chud</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i>, built his own fort there, and named it <i>Yuryev</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mäesalu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tartu may have remained under Kievan Rus' control until 1061, when, according to the SPL, the <i>Yuryev</i> fort was burned down by <i>Sosols</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETvauri201234_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETvauri201234-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (probably <a href="/wiki/Oeselians" title="Oeselians">Oeselians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakala_County" title="Sakala County">Sackalians</a>, or another Estonian tribe).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards the fort was rebuilt by locals. In the 12th century, local Ungannians on one side and troops from the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a> on the other side repeatedly raided each other. In those campaigns, the invaders were reportedly able to capture Tartu in 1133 or 1134, and in the winter of 1191–1192, however these temporary captures are not known to have brought any lasting territorial changes.<sup id="cite_ref-Mäesalu2005_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mäesalu2005-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_bishopric">Medieval bishopric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval bishopric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_1553.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tartu_1553.jpg/220px-Tartu_1553.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tartu_1553.jpg/330px-Tartu_1553.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tartu_1553.jpg/440px-Tartu_1553.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>The city of Tartu in 1533</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/200px-Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/300px-Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/400px-Tartu_Toomkirik_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3695" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg/200px-Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg/300px-Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg/400px-Tartu_Toomkiriku_varemed_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3548" data-file-height="2091" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Cathedral" title="Tartu Cathedral">Tartu Cathedral</a> ruins</div></div></div></div> <p>During the period of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a> in the beginning of the 13th century the fort of <i>Tarbatu</i> (or <i>Tharbata</i>) was captured by the crusading <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian Knights">Teutonic knights</a> — also known as the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_the_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Brothers of the Sword">Brothers of the Sword</a> — and recaptured by Estonians on several occasions. In 1224, after the princes of <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a> had sent additional troops led by prince <a href="/wiki/Vyachko" title="Vyachko">Vyachko</a> of <a href="/wiki/Koknese" title="Koknese">Kukenois</a> to aid the Estonian defenders of the fort, it was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tartu_(1224)" title="Siege of Tartu (1224)">besieged and conquered</a> for one last time by the Teutonic crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, known as Dorpat (Latin: <i>Tarbatum</i>), Tartu became a commercial centre of considerable importance during the later <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and the capital of the semi-independent <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Dorpat" title="Bishopric of Dorpat">Bishopric of Dorpat</a>. </p><p>In 1262 the army of prince <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_of_Pereslavl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitri of Pereslavl">Dmitri of Pereslavl</a> launched an assault on Dorpat, capturing and destroying the town. His troops did not manage to capture the bishop's fortress on Toome Hill. The event was recorded both in subsequent German and <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a> chronicles, which also provided the first record of a settlement of German merchants and artisans which had arisen alongside the bishop's fortress. </p><p>In medieval times, after the Livonian Order was subsumed into the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> in 1236, the town became an important trading city. In the 1280s Dorpat joined the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish-Lithuanian_and_Swedish_rule">Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dorpat" title="Treaty of Dorpat">Treaty of Dorpat</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Album_von_Dorpat,_TKM_0031H_05,_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg/220px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg/330px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg/440px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_05%2C_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2873" data-file-height="2034" /></a><figcaption>University of Tartu main building in 1860</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1558, tsar <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a> invaded Tartu beginning the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a>. Forces under the command of Pyotr Shuiski encircled the town and began the heavy bombardment. In light of this and without any prospect of external help the town surrendered. The local bishop was imprisoned in Moscow, which effectively ended the period of local self-government. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mikhailovich_Viskovatyi" title="Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi">Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi</a>, a leading diplomat and archivist of diplomatic records during Ivan the Terrible's reign, argued that Tartu's "founding" by Ancient Rus' justified Russia's contemporary territorial claims to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the effect of the <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Jam_Zapolski" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce of Jam Zapolski">Truce of Jam Zapolski</a> of 1582, the city along with southern regions of <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian Confederation">Livonian Confederation</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. In 1598 it became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Dorpat_Voivodeship" title="Dorpat Voivodeship">Dorpat Voivodeship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia_(1561%E2%80%931621)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)">Duchy of Livonia</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> grammar school "Gymnasium Dorpatense" was established in 1583. In addition, a translators' seminary was organized in Tartu and the city received its red and white flag from the Polish king <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The activities of both the grammar school and the seminary were stopped by the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–11)">Polish–Swedish War</a>. Already in late 1600 the forces of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX of Sweden</a> besieged the city defended by three <a href="/wiki/Chor%C4%85giew_(military_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorągiew (military unit)">banners</a> of <a href="/wiki/Reiter" title="Reiter">reiters</a> and the city's burghers. Despite repeated assaults, the Swedes could not enter the city. Finally in 1601 Capt. Hermann Wrangel switched sides, assaulted the <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a> and opened the gates for the Swedish forces. The town was retaken by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on 13 April 1603 following a brief siege led by <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Karol_Chodkiewicz" title="Jan Karol Chodkiewicz">Jan Karol Chodkiewicz</a>; roughly 1000 Swedish soldiers surrendered and were escorted to <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. </p><p>In the effect of yet another <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–29)">Polish-Swedish War</a>, in 1625 Tartu was once again captured by Sweden, this time for good. In the effect of the 1629 <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Altmark" title="Truce of Altmark">Truce of Altmark</a> the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/Dominions_of_Sweden" title="Dominions of Sweden">Dominions of Sweden</a>, which led to the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> in 1632 by king <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Russia">Imperial Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imperial Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Album_von_Dorpat,_TKM_0031H_06,_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg/220px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg/330px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg/440px-Album_von_Dorpat%2C_TKM_0031H_06%2C_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3258" data-file-height="2246" /></a><figcaption>The Stone Bridge and the Old Town in 1860</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1704 the town was taken by the Russian army in the presence of tsar Peter the Great himself. As a result, around a quarter of the town and much of the fortifications were damaged. In 1708 the remainder of the fortifications and houses, including the remains of bishops castle, were blown up, all movable property was looted and all citizens deported to Russia. With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nystad" title="Treaty of Nystad">Treaty of Nystad</a> in 1721, the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and was known as <i>Derpt</i>. Fires in the 18th century destroyed much of the medieval architecture, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Tartu" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Fire of Tartu">Great Fire of Tartu</a> in 1775 removed most of the buildings in the centre. The city was rebuilt along <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Late Baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a> lines including the <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Town_Hall" title="Tartu Town Hall">Tartu Town Hall</a> which was built between 1782 and 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1783 the city became the centre of Derpt <a href="/wiki/Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyezd">uyezd</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Governorate of Livonia</a>. </p><p>During the second half of the 19th century, Tartu was the cultural centre for Estonians in the era of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a>. The city hosted Estonia's first <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival" title="Estonian Song Festival">song festival</a> in 1869. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a></i>, the first national theatre, was established in 1870. Tartu was also the setting for the foundation of the Society of Estonian Writers in 1872. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg/300px-Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg/450px-Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg/600px-Tartu_Raekoda_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7201" data-file-height="3304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Town_Hall" title="Tartu Town Hall">Tartu Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tartu_railway_station" title="Tartu railway station">Tartu railway station</a> was opened in 1876 when <a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonia" title="Tapa, Estonia">Tapa</a>–Tartu route was built.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station building was opened in 1877. In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_tuberculosis" title="History of tuberculosis">history of tuberculosis</a>, in 1891 The Veterinary College at Dorpat produced seminal research using the <a href="/wiki/Tuberculin_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberculin test">Tuberculin test</a> on 1,000 cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, the city was officially retitled to the ancient Russian name <i>Yuryev</i>. The university was subsequently <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">russified</a> from 1895 on with the introduction of compulsory Russian in teaching. Much of the university property was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> in 1918 and during the German occupation, the university worked under the name Landesuniversität Dorpat. During the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> the university of Tartu was re-opened as an Estonian language university on 1 December 1919. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Estonia_(1918–1940)"><span id="Independent_Estonia_.281918.E2.80.931940.29"></span>Independent Estonia (1918–1940)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independent Estonia (1918–1940)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Estonian independence after World War I, the city officially became known by the Estonian name <i>Tartu</i>. At the end of the 1918–1920 <a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> following World War I, a peace treaty between the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Russia</a> and Estonia was signed on 2 February 1920 in Tartu (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tartu_(Russian%E2%80%93Estonian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)">Treaty of Tartu</a>). With the treaty, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> renounced territorial claims to Estonia "for all time". </p><p>In 1920, the peace <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tartu_(Russian%E2%80%93Finnish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Finnish)">treaty between Soviet Russia and Finland</a> was also signed in Tartu. </p><p>During the interwar period <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htvere" title="Tähtvere">Tähtvere</a> neighbourhood was built, former <a href="/wiki/Raadi_Manor" title="Raadi Manor">Raadi Manor</a> buildings started to house <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a> (destroyed during <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu Offensive">Tartu Offensive</a> in 1944) and art school <a href="/wiki/Pallas_Art_School_(1919%E2%80%931940)" title="Pallas Art School (1919–1940)">Pallas</a> was opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_and_Soviet_occupations_(1940–1991)"><span id="German_and_Soviet_occupations_.281940.E2.80.931991.29"></span>German and Soviet occupations (1940–1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: German and Soviet occupations (1940–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalinist</a> Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia and Tartu in June 1940. Large parts of the city as well as the historical <i>Kivisild</i> ("Stone bridge", built in 1776–1778) over the Emajõgi river were destroyed by the retreating Soviet Army, partly in 1941 and almost completely in 1944 by then retreating German Army. Already heavily damaged, Tartu was repeatedly bombed by the Soviet air forces on 27 January 1943, on 26 February 1944, on 7–8 March 1944, and on 25–26 March 1944. After the war ended, much of the city's historic centre was left in ruins. Even the less damaged buildings in entire city blocks were demolished by the Soviet occupation authorities and large swathes of previously residential areas were turned into parks and parking lots. </p><p>After the war, the Soviet authorities declared Tartu a "closed town for foreigners", as an airbase for bombers was constructed on <a href="/wiki/Raadi_Airfield" title="Raadi Airfield">Raadi Airfield</a>, in the northeast outskirts of the city. It was one of the largest military airbases in the former Eastern Bloc and housed strategic bombers carrying nuclear bombs. On one end of an older strip of the runway, the new building of <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a> was built. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Airport" title="Tartu Airport">Tartu Airport</a> was opened in the south of the city in 1946. Besides the airport <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Aviation_Academy" title="Estonian Aviation Academy">Estonian Aviation Academy</a> was established in 1993. Privately owned <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Aviation_Museum" title="Estonian Aviation Museum">Estonian Aviation Museum</a>, which is 5 km to the East from the airport (7 km by car), was opened to the public in 2002. During the 1944–1991 Soviet occupation the population of Tartu almost doubled from 57,000 to above 100,000 — due to mass immigration from Russia and other areas of the former Soviet Union, in large part because of the military airbase. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AHHAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AHHAA.jpg/220px-AHHAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AHHAA.jpg/330px-AHHAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AHHAA.jpg/440px-AHHAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>AHHAA Science Centre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Estonia regained its independence in 1991, the old town centre has been renovated. Notably, <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St. John's Church, Tartu">St. John's Church</a>, in ruins since World War II, has been restored. Many new commercial and business buildings have been erected (<i>Tartu Kaubamaja</i>, <i>Tasku</i>, <i>Emajõe kaubanduskeskus</i>, <i>Lõunakeskus</i>, <i>Kvartal</i>, etc.). The highest residential building and local landmark <i><a href="/wiki/Tigutorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigutorn">Tigutorn</a></i> was opened in 2008. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/AHHAA" title="AHHAA">AHHAA</a> science centre relocated to a new building in 2011 and the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a>'s new main building opened in 2016. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tartu lies within the temperate <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> zone (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Dfb</a>). The climate is rather mild considering the high latitude, largely due to the proximity of the Baltic Sea and warm airflows from the Atlantic. Nevertheless, continental influence can be felt on hot summer days and cold spells in winter, when the temperature can occasionally (but rarely) drop below −30 °C (−22 °F). Generally, summers are warm and winters are cold. </p><p>The Tartu weather station is located in Tõravere village, which is about 20 kilometers from the city, so the actual temperature in the city may be slightly warmer than the official average temperatures. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tartu (Tõravere) normals 1991–2020, extremes 1865–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−37.5<br />(−35.5) </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.0<br />(−32.8) </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.6<br />(−21.3) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.8<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.2<br />(−8.0) </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38.6<br />(−37.5) </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−38.6<br />(−37.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">673<br />(26.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #3D3D3D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">33.7 </td> <td style="background: #828282; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.3 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">258.0 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.7 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.6 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.1 </td> <td style="background: #909090; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.3 </td> <td style="background: #383838; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">30.0 </td> <td style="background: #2C2C2C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.3 </td> <td style="background: #C2C215; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,735.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Weather_Service" title="Estonian Weather Service">Estonian Weather Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-temp_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temp-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-precip_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precip-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-humidity_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humidity-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sun_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-precipdays_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precipdays-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg/220px-Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg/330px-Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg/440px-Tartu_Tigutorn_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5e_Business_Centre" title="Emajõe Business Centre">Emajõe Business Centre</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Snail_Tower" title="Snail Tower">Snail Tower</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mostly known as a university town, Tartu is also a site of heavy industry. The food industry has traditionally been important for the town's economy and some bigger companies in the field include <a href="/wiki/A._Le_Coq" title="A. Le Coq">A. Le Coq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Mill" title="Tartu Mill">Tartu Mill</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvest (page does not exist)">Salvest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kroonpress" title="Kroonpress">Kroonpress</a> is one of the leading printing press companies in the Baltics. </p><p>At the beginning of the 21st century, many <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and communication technologies">ICT</a> enterprises and other high-tech companies have taken a foothold in Tartu. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Playtech" title="Playtech">Playtech</a> Estonia, <a href="/wiki/Nortal" title="Nortal">Nortal</a> (formerly Webmedia Group), <a href="/wiki/ZeroTurnaround" title="ZeroTurnaround">ZeroTurnaround</a>, Tarkon, Reach-U and Raintree Estonia. <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> has an office in Tartu. The university is one of the largest employers, which explains the large proportion of highly skilled professionals – researchers, professors, doctors, and <a href="/wiki/Tartu_University_Clinic" title="Tartu University Clinic">Tartu University Clinic</a> has been considered the largest employer of Tartu.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Airport" title="Tartu Airport">Tartu Airport</a>. The distance to Estonia's "summer holiday capital", <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> (in the western Estonia) is 176 kilometres (109 miles) and the fastest route there by road is through <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilingi-N%C3%B5mme" title="Kilingi-Nõmme">Kilingi-Nõmme</a>. Tartu is connected to Riga, Tallinn, and other Estonian towns by many bus and train routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/220px-Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/330px-Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/440px-Tartu_city_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Tartu city population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 86%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>1881</th> <th>1897</th> <th>1922</th> <th>1934</th> <th>1959</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1989</th> <th>1995</th> <th>2000<sup id="cite_ref-RV0282_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0282-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2005<sup id="cite_ref-RV0282_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0282-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-RV0282_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0282-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2015<sup id="cite_ref-RV0240_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0240-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-RV0240_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RV0240-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-population_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Population </th> <td>29,974</td> <td>42,308</td> <td>50,342</td> <td>58,876</td> <td>74,263</td> <td>90,459</td> <td>104,381</td> <td>113,320</td> <td>104,874</td> <td>106,200</td> <td>104,490</td> <td>100,930</td> <td>93,805</td> <td>92,972</td> <td>95,190 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tartu's historic population is presented in the following table, based on data from official censuses since 1881<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Estonian Statistical Office.<sup id="cite_ref-Population_by_sex,_age_group_and_county,_1_January_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_by_sex,_age_group_and_county,_1_January-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that the data up to 2011 is not directly comparable to the most recent numbers, as the methodology of compiling population statistics has changed.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Ethnic composition 1922-2021 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnicity </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Estonian_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Estonian Census (page does not exist)">1922</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Estonian_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Estonian Census (page does not exist)">1934</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1959)">1959</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1970)">1970</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1979)">1979</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1989)">1989</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2000_Estonia_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Estonia Census">2000</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2011_Estonia_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Estonia Census">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-RL0429_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL0429-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Estonia_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Estonia Census (page does not exist)">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> </td> <td>42459 </td> <td>84.5 </td> <td>51559 </td> <td>87.6 </td> <td>44732 </td> <td>93.7 </td> <td>56205 </td> <td>75.7 </td> <td>68129 </td> <td>75.3 </td> <td>77597 </td> <td>74.3 </td> <td>82031 </td> <td>72.3 </td> <td>80397 </td> <td>79.5 </td> <td>79700 </td> <td>81.7 </td> <td>76227 </td> <td>80.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>2570 </td> <td>5.11 </td> <td>2640 </td> <td>4.48 </td> <td>1490 </td> <td>3.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>18009 </td> <td>19.9 </td> <td>21530 </td> <td>20.6 </td> <td>24604 </td> <td>21.7 </td> <td>16245 </td> <td>16.1 </td> <td>14340 </td> <td>14.7 </td> <td>12441 </td> <td>13.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>16 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1277 </td> <td>1.41 </td> <td>1685 </td> <td>1.61 </td> <td>2369 </td> <td>2.09 </td> <td>1239 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>891 </td> <td>0.91 </td> <td>1107 </td> <td>1.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>551 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>749 </td> <td>0.72 </td> <td>1088 </td> <td>0.96 </td> <td>490 </td> <td>0.48 </td> <td>355 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td>304 </td> <td>0.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>49 </td> <td>0.08 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>0.06 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1220 </td> <td>1.35 </td> <td>1271 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>1275 </td> <td>1.12 </td> <td>1073 </td> <td>1.06 </td> <td>706 </td> <td>0.72 </td> <td>900 </td> <td>0.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jews </td> <td>1115 </td> <td>2.22 </td> <td>920 </td> <td>1.56 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>420 </td> <td>0.46 </td> <td>346 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>267 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>154 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>113 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>81 </td> <td>0.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>278 </td> <td>0.47 </td> <td>1043 </td> <td>2.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>137 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>197 </td> <td>0.19 </td> <td>167 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>0.10 </td> <td>113 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>268 </td> <td>0.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> </td> <td>3210 </td> <td>6.39 </td> <td>2706 </td> <td>4.60 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>103 </td> <td>0.10 </td> <td>133 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>123 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>118 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>306 </td> <td>0.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>112 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>146 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>83 </td> <td>0.08 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>0.07 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>0.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>144 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>164 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>179 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>133 </td> <td>0.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>26 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>102 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>127 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>159 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>96 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>74 </td> <td>0.08 </td> <td>109 </td> <td>0.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>unknown </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>278 </td> <td>0.47 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>378 </td> <td>0.37 </td> <td>136 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>255 </td> <td>0.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>other </td> <td>902 </td> <td>1.79 </td> <td>254 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>335 </td> <td>0.70 </td> <td>18058 </td> <td>24.3 </td> <td>614 </td> <td>0.68 </td> <td>500 </td> <td>0.48 </td> <td>1002 </td> <td>0.88 </td> <td>649 </td> <td>0.64 </td> <td>897 </td> <td>0.92 </td> <td>3014 </td> <td>3.17 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>50256 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>58876 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>47757 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>74263 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>90459 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>104381 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>113420 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>101169 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>97600 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>95190 </th> <th>100 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 718.81801016266px; border-left-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 361.07774271147px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 97.517787618065px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 13.271799284985px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Tartu City (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__usk/RL21452">[1]</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Unaffiliated (77.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Lutheran (10.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Pink; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Orthodox & Old Believers (8.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightBlue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others Christians (2.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others Religions or Unknown (2.0%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tartu is officially divided into 17 neighbourhoods, which carry no administrative purposes. Their names and borders are defined. </p> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 350px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_linnaosad1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tartu_linnaosad1.png/350px-Tartu_linnaosad1.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tartu_linnaosad1.png/525px-Tartu_linnaosad1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Tartu_linnaosad1.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:124.8px; top:164px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kesklinn,_Tartu" title="Kesklinn, Tartu">Kesklinn</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:218px; top:192px"><b><a href="/wiki/Annelinn" title="Annelinn">Annelinn</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:147.6px; top:220px"><b><a href="/wiki/Karlova,_Tartu" title="Karlova, Tartu">Karlova</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:288px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ihaste" title="Ihaste">Ihaste</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:154px; top:292px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ropka_t%C3%B6%C3%B6stusrajoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ropka tööstusrajoon">Ropka<br />tööstusrajoon</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:206px; top:124px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jaamam%C3%B5isa" title="Jaamamõisa">Jaamamõisa</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:146px; top:68px"><b><a href="/wiki/Raadi-Kruusam%C3%A4e" title="Raadi-Kruusamäe">Raadi-<br />Kruusamäe</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:158px; top:126.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clej%C3%B5e,_Tartu" title="Ülejõe, Tartu">Ülejõe</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:106px; top:100px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Supilinn" title="Supilinn">Supilinn</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:58px; top:72px"><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htvere" title="Tähtvere">Tähtvere</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:130px; top:260px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ropka" title="Ropka">Ropka</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:50px; top:164px"><b><a href="/wiki/Veeriku" title="Veeriku">Veeriku</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:92.8px; top:292px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Variku,_Tartu" title="Variku, Tartu">Variku</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:62px; top:248px"><b><a href="/wiki/Tammelinn" title="Tammelinn">Tammelinn</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:34px; top:292px"><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nilinn" title="Ränilinn">Ränilinn</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:50px; top:204px"><b><a href="/wiki/Maarjam%C3%B5isa" title="Maarjamõisa">Maarja-<br />Mõisa</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:102px; top:176px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Vaksali" title="Vaksali">Vaksali</a></small></b></div> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="170" style="text-align: right"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Neighborhood</th> <th>Area (ha)</th> <th>Residents 2001</th> <th>Residents 2006</th> <th>Residents 2012 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Annelinn" title="Annelinn">Annelinn</a></td> <td>541</td> <td>30,000</td> <td>28,200</td> <td>27,480 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ihaste" title="Ihaste">Ihaste</a></td> <td>424</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>1,800</td> <td>2,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jaamam%C3%B5isa" title="Jaamamõisa">Jaamamõisa</a></td> <td>149</td> <td>3,000</td> <td>3,000</td> <td>3,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Karlova,_Tartu" title="Karlova, Tartu">Karlova</a></td> <td>230</td> <td>9,500</td> <td>9,000</td> <td>9,073 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kesklinn,_Tartu" title="Kesklinn, Tartu">Kesklinn</a> (Downtown)</td> <td>180</td> <td>7,500</td> <td>6,700</td> <td>6,575 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Maarjam%C3%B5isa" title="Maarjamõisa">Maarjamõisa</a></td> <td>113</td> <td>800</td> <td>500</td> <td>377 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Raadi-Kruusam%C3%A4e" title="Raadi-Kruusamäe">Raadi-Kruusamäe</a></td> <td>283</td> <td>5,000</td> <td>4,800</td> <td>4,626 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ropka" title="Ropka">Ropka</a></td> <td>146</td> <td>5,500</td> <td>5,300</td> <td>5,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ropka_industrial_district" title="Ropka industrial district">Ropka industrial district</a></td> <td>354</td> <td>2,700</td> <td>2,700</td> <td>2,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nilinn" title="Ränilinn">Ränilinn</a></td> <td>122</td> <td>2,500</td> <td>1,800</td> <td>1,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Supilinn" title="Supilinn">Supilinn</a></td> <td>48</td> <td>2,100</td> <td>1,800</td> <td>1,790 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tammelinn" title="Tammelinn">Tammelinn</a></td> <td>311</td> <td>8,000</td> <td>8,100</td> <td>8,195 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htvere" title="Tähtvere">Tähtvere</a></td> <td>250</td> <td>4,500</td> <td>3,500</td> <td>3,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Vaksali" title="Vaksali">Vaksali</a></td> <td>75</td> <td>2,900</td> <td>3,100</td> <td>3,206 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Variku,_Tartu" title="Variku, Tartu">Variku</a></td> <td>77</td> <td>2,000</td> <td>1,900</td> <td>1,840 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Veeriku" title="Veeriku">Veeriku</a></td> <td>281</td> <td>5,500</td> <td>5,300</td> <td>5,561 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clej%C3%B5e,_Tartu" title="Ülejõe, Tartu">Ülejõe</a></td> <td>302</td> <td>8,200</td> <td>7,700</td> <td>7,876 </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_(3538497107).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg/200px-Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg/300px-Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg/400px-Oscar_Wilde_in_Estonia%3F_%283538497107%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A memorial to <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Vilde" title="Eduard Vilde">Eduard Vilde</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_culture">Education and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is best known for being home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> (formerly known as the University of Dorpat; German: <i lang="de">Universität Dorpat</i>), founded under King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a> in 1632.<sup id="cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitsouthestonia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mainly for this reason, Tartu is also – tongue-in-cheek – known as "<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> of the Emajõgi" or as "<a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> of the North". </p><p>Tartu is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_University_of_Life_Sciences" title="Estonian University of Life Sciences">Estonian University of Life Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Defence_College" title="Baltic Defence College">Baltic Defence College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Aviation_Academy" title="Estonian Aviation Academy">Estonian Aviation Academy</a> (formerly known as Tartu Aviation College), and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Estonia)" title="Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)">Estonian Ministry of Education and Research</a>. Other notable institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court of Estonia</a> (re-established in Tartu in autumn 1993), the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Historical_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Historical Archives">Estonian Historical Archives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sports_and_Olympic_Museum" title="Estonian Sports and Olympic Museum">Estonian Sports and Olympic Museum</a> as well as the oldest and renowned theatre in the country, <a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a>, where they have a well-respected ballet company as well as theatre, opera and musical productions. </p><p>In music, there exists the <a href="/wiki/Tartu_school_of_composition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu school of composition">Tartu school of composition</a>. </p><p>Most of the sculptures in Tartu are dedicated to historical figures. Among them, the most famous are the <a href="/wiki/Barclay_de_Tolly_monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclay de Tolly monument">Barclay de Tolly monument</a> on <a href="/wiki/Barclay_Square" title="Barclay Square">Barclay Square</a> in downtown, the <a href="/wiki/Kissing_Students" title="Kissing Students">Kissing Students</a> monument on the town hall square<sup id="cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitsouthestonia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_II_Adolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav II Adolf">Gustav II Adolf</a>´s monument on <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Estonia" title="List of parks and gardens in Estonia">King's Square</a> (<span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Kuningaplats</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tartu has been an intellectual centre of both Estonia and the Baltic countries for several centuries. Scholars hailing from Tartu include the pioneer of embryology <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a>, a pioneer of animal behaviour studies <a href="/wiki/Jakob_von_Uexk%C3%BCll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob von Uexküll">Jakob von Uexküll</a>, and a cultural theorist and semiotician <a href="/wiki/Juri_Lotman" title="Juri Lotman">Juri Lotman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Eschscholtz" title="Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz">Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz</a>, a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist, was born in Tartu. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii. Nobel Chemistry Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> studied and worked in Tartu. The <a href="/wiki/Tartu_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu School">Tartu School</a> is one of the leading scientific schools in <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:433px;max-width:433px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg/225px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg/338px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg/450px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img15_StJohn_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4230" data-file-height="5640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">St. John's Church</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg/200px-Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg/300px-Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg/400px-Tartu_St_Johns_church_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Interior</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The architecture and city planning of historical Tartu mainly go back to the pre-independence period, with Germans forming the upper and middle classes of society, and therefore contributing many architects, professors and local politicians. </p><p>Most notable are the old <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St. John's Church, Tartu">St. John's Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Jaani Kirik</i>, German: <i lang="de">Johanneskirche</i>), the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Town_Hall" title="Tartu Town Hall">town hall</a>, the university building, ruins of the 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Cathedral" title="Tartu Cathedral">cathedral</a>, the botanical gardens, the main shopping street, many buildings around the town hall square and <a href="/wiki/Barclay_Square" title="Barclay Square">Barclay Square</a>. </p><p>The historical slum area called Supilinn (<i>Soup Town</i>) is located on the bank of river Emajõgi, near the town centre and is regarded as one of the few surviving "poor" neighbourhoods of 19th-century Europe. At the moment Supilinn is being rapidly renovated, undergoing a slow transformation from the historic slum into a prestigious high-class neighborhood. The active community embodied by the Supilinn Society is committed to preserving the heritage. </p><p>The Second World War destroyed large parts of the city centre and during the Soviet occupation, many new buildings were erected – notably the new Vanemuine Theater. The effects of the war are still witnessed by the relative abundance of parks and greenery in the historic centre. Typical Soviet-style neighbourhoods of blocks of high-rise flats were built between World War II and the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991, the largest such district being <a href="/wiki/Annelinn" title="Annelinn">Annelinn</a>. </p><p>Presently, Tartu is also known for several modern buildings of the "steel, concrete and glass" variation, but has managed to retain a mix of old and new buildings in the centre of town. Notable examples include the Tigutorn Tower and the Emajõe Centre, both built during the current period of independence; Tartu's tallest and second tallest towers, respectively. Tartu's large student population means that it has a comparatively thriving nightlife, with many nightclubs, bars, and restaurants, including the world's highest-ceiling pub, in the historic <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Cellar_of_Tartu" title="Gunpowder Cellar of Tartu">Gunpowder Cellar of Tartu</a>. </p><p>Annually, in the summer, Tartu hosts the Hanseatic Days festival (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Hansapäevad</i>) to celebrate its Hanseatic heritage. The festival includes events such as handicraft markets, historic workshops and jousting tournaments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg/250px-Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg/375px-Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg/500px-Rally_Estonia_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Rally Estonia ceremonial start place</figcaption></figure> <p>The city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Rally_Estonia" title="Rally Estonia">Rally Estonia</a>. It is the biggest motorsport event in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rally was part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Rally_Championship" title="European Rally Championship">European Rally Championship</a> between 2014 and 2016. Since 2020 Rally Estonia is part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>. </p><p>Tartu is the home for basketball club <a href="/wiki/Tartu_%C3%9Clikool/Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu Ülikool/Rock">Tartu Ülikool/Rock</a>, which participates in the <a href="/wiki/Korvpalli_Meistriliiga" title="Korvpalli Meistriliiga">Korvpalli Meistriliiga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Latvian-Estonian_Basketball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian-Estonian Basketball League">Latvian-Estonian Basketball League</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> club <a href="/wiki/JK_Tammeka_Tartu" class="mw-redirect" title="JK Tammeka Tartu">JK Tammeka Tartu</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Meistriliiga" title="Meistriliiga">Meistriliiga</a> clubs, is located in Tartu. Their home stadium is the <a href="/wiki/Tamme_Stadium" title="Tamme Stadium">Tamme Staadion</a>, which has a capacity of 1600. The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Tartu_JK_Welco" title="Tartu JK Welco">Tartu JK Welco</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Santos_Tartu" title="FC Santos Tartu">FC Santos Tartu</a> clubs, which play in the <a href="/wiki/Esiliiga" title="Esiliiga">Esiliiga</a>, the second division. </p><p>Tartu has a professional volleyball club, <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Volleyball" title="Tartu Volleyball">Bigbank Tartu</a>, as well as the handball team, the Tartu Ülikool/Glassdrive, which plays in the second division of Estonian handball. </p><p>Tartu is also the hometown of <a href="/wiki/Clement_%22Puppey%22_Ivanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement "Puppey" Ivanov">Clement "Puppey" Ivanov</a>, captain of <a href="/wiki/Team_Secret" title="Team Secret">Team Secret</a>, a professional <a href="/wiki/Dota_2" title="Dota 2">Dota 2</a> team. He won the first <a href="/wiki/The_International_(Dota_2)" class="mw-redirect" title="The International (Dota 2)">International</a>, and was runner-up two years in a row with Natus Vincere.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Orienteering_Championships" title="2017 World Orienteering Championships">2017 World Orienteering Championships</a> were held in Tartu.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual running event <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu_S%C3%BCgisjooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tartu Sügisjooks (page does not exist)">Tartu Sügisjooks</a> takes place in Tartu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C._R._Jakobson,_Paul_Raud,_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg/170px-C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg/255px-C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg/340px-C._R._Jakobson%2C_Paul_Raud%2C_EKM_j_9638_M_3807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Robert_Jakobson" title="Carl Robert Jakobson">Carl Robert Jakobson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alar_Karis_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alar_Karis_2019.jpg/170px-Alar_Karis_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alar_Karis_2019.jpg/255px-Alar_Karis_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alar_Karis_2019.jpg/340px-Alar_Karis_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg/170px-Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg/255px-Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg/340px-Siim-Sander_Vene_-_Penya_GC2019_by_unniks-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siim-Sander_Vene" title="Siim-Sander Vene">Siim-Sander Vene</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrus_Ansip" title="Andrus Ansip">Andrus Ansip</a> (1956), politician, former Prime Minister of Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ariste" title="Paul Ariste">Paul Ariste</a> (1905–1990), linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Aus" title="Lauri Aus">Lauri Aus</a> (1970–2003), professional road cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a> (1792–1876), Baltic German scientist and explorer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Browne_(soldier)" title="George Browne (soldier)">George Browne</a>, (1698–1792), Irish-born Governor of Dorpat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_Claus" title="Karl Ernst Claus">Karl Ernst Claus</a> (1796–1864), Baltic German chemist and botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_von_Eggers" title="Jacob von Eggers">Jacob von Eggers</a> (1704-1773), military engineer in Swedish and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxonian</a> service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_Einasto" title="Jaan Einasto">Jaan Einasto</a> (1929), astrophysicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Erm" title="Elisabeth Erm">Elisabeth Erm</a> (1993), fashion model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann" title="Friedrich Robert Faehlmann">Friedrich Robert Faehlmann</a> (1798–1850), writer, medical doctor and philologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hackenschmidt" title="George Hackenschmidt">George Hackenschmidt</a> (1877–1968), strongman, professional wrestler, writer and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Harnack" title="Adolf von Harnack">Adolf von Harnack</a> (1851–1930), German lutheran theologian and church historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Hueck-Dehio" title="Else Hueck-Dehio">Else Hueck-Dehio</a>, Baltic German writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Robert_Jakobson" title="Carl Robert Jakobson">Carl Robert Jakobson</a> (1841–1882), writer, politician and teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarja_Jakobson" title="Maarja Jakobson">Maarja Jakobson</a> (1977), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_J%C3%A4rveoja" title="Martin Järveoja">Martin Järveoja</a> (1987), rally co-driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Kaljuj%C3%A4rv" title="Rasmus Kaljujärv">Rasmus Kaljujärv</a> (1981), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallista_Kann" title="Kallista Kann">Kallista Kann</a> (1895–1983), linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a> (1958), biologist and the 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerr_Kriisa" title="Kerr Kriisa">Kerr Kriisa</a> (2001), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_von_K%C3%BCgelgen" title="Sally von Kügelgen">Sally von Kügelgen</a> (1860–1928), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kulik" title="Leonid Kulik">Leonid Kulik</a> (1883–1942), Russian mineralogist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Luts" title="Oskar Luts">Oskar Luts</a> (1887–1953), writer and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markko_M%C3%A4rtin" title="Markko Märtin">Markko Märtin</a> (1975), rally driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Mattiesen" title="Emil Mattiesen">Emil Mattiesen</a> (1875–1939), composer, pianist and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_M%C3%B6lder" title="Jaan Mölder">Jaan Mölder</a> (1987), rally driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeter_P%C3%B5ld" title="Peeter Põld">Peeter Põld</a> (1878–1930), pedagogic scientist, school director and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_P%C3%B5ldvere" title="Laura Põldvere">Laura Põldvere</a> (1988), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Ratassepp" title="Elsa Ratassepp">Elsa Ratassepp</a> (1893–1972), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eno_Raud" title="Eno Raud">Eno Raud</a> (1928–1996), children's author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Romer" title="Zofia Romer">Zofia Romer</a> (1885–1972), Polish painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Johanna_Ruubel" title="Alma Johanna Ruubel">Alma Johanna Ruubel</a> (1899–1990), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_%C5%A0migun-V%C3%A4hi" title="Kristina Šmigun-Vähi">Kristina Šmigun-Vähi</a> (1977), cross-country skier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rein_Taaram%C3%A4e" title="Rein Taaramäe">Rein Taaramäe</a> (1987), professional road cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aino_Talvi" title="Aino Talvi">Aino Talvi</a> (1909–1992), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ants_Veet%C3%B5usme" title="Ants Veetõusme">Ants Veetõusme</a> (born 1949), politician (former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tartu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Tartu">Mayor of Tartu</a>) and financial figure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim-Sander_Vene" title="Siim-Sander Vene">Siim-Sander Vene</a> (born 1990), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Volck_(Nazi_Party_official)" title="Adalbert Volck (Nazi Party official)">Adalbert Volck</a> (1868–1948), Baltic German politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Tartu,_Main_Building,_April_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Tartu main building"><img alt="University of Tartu main building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG/120px-University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG/180px-University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG/240px-University_of_Tartu%2C_Main_Building%2C_April_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Main_building_of_Tartu_University" title="Main building of Tartu University">University of Tartu main building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu,_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Tartu Botanical Gardens"><img alt="University of Tartu Botanical Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg/120px-Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg/180px-Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg/240px-Tartu%2C_botanick%C3%A1_zahrada.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Tartu Botanical Gardens">University of Tartu Botanical Gardens</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riigikohus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Supreme Court of Estonia"><img alt="The Supreme Court of Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Riigikohus.jpg/120px-Riigikohus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Riigikohus.jpg/180px-Riigikohus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Riigikohus.jpg/240px-Riigikohus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court of Estonia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaarsild (Arch Bridge) over the Emajõgi"><img alt="Kaarsild (Arch Bridge) over the Emajõgi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg/120px-Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg/180px-Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg/240px-Arch_bridge_in_Tartu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kaarsild" title="Kaarsild">Kaarsild</a> (<i>Arch Bridge</i>) over the Emajõgi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuradisild (Devil's Bridge)"><img alt="Kuradisild (Devil's Bridge)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG/120px-Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG/180px-Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG/240px-Kuradisild_s%C3%BCgis%C3%B5htul.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kuradisild" title="Kuradisild">Kuradisild</a> (<i>Devil's Bridge</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telleri_kabel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teller chapel in Tartu, Estonia. Built in 1794"><img alt="Teller chapel in Tartu, Estonia. Built in 1794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Telleri_kabel.jpg/120px-Telleri_kabel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Telleri_kabel.jpg/180px-Telleri_kabel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Telleri_kabel.jpg/240px-Telleri_kabel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Teller chapel in Tartu, Estonia. Built in 1794</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu Art Museum"><img alt="Tartu Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG/80px-Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG/120px-Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG/160px-Tartu_Kunstimuuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Art_Museum" title="Tartu Art Museum">Tartu Art Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laulupeomuuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Song Festival Museum"><img alt="Song Festival Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Laulupeomuuseum.JPG/120px-Laulupeomuuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Laulupeomuuseum.JPG/180px-Laulupeomuuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Laulupeomuuseum.JPG/240px-Laulupeomuuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Song Festival Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu Town Hall Square"><img alt="Tartu Town Hall Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/120px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/180px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg/240px-Tartu_Town_Hall_Place_towards_Kaarsild_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7304" data-file-height="3936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Raekoja_plats,_Tartu" title="Raekoja plats, Tartu">Tartu Town Hall Square</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Peter's Church"><img alt="St Peter's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg/115px-Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg/173px-Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg/230px-Tartu_Peetri_kirik_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="2840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Peter's Church, Tartu">St Peter's Church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Paul's Church"><img alt="St Paul's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg/120px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg/180px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg/240px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img28_StPaul_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5220" data-file-height="4350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Paul's Church, Tartu">St Paul's Church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TrefnGymn-2012-06.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hugo Treffner Gymnasium"><img alt="Hugo Treffner Gymnasium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/TrefnGymn-2012-06.png/120px-TrefnGymn-2012-06.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/TrefnGymn-2012-06.png/180px-TrefnGymn-2012-06.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/TrefnGymn-2012-06.png/240px-TrefnGymn-2012-06.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Treffner_Gymnasium" title="Hugo Treffner Gymnasium">Hugo Treffner Gymnasium</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Little House" of the Vanemuine theatre"><img alt=""Little House" of the Vanemuine theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg/120px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg/180px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg/240px-Tartu_asv2022-04_img26_Vanemuine_small_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6090" data-file-height="3426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Little House" of the <a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a> theatre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu Department Store"><img alt="Tartu Department Store" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG/120px-Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG/180px-Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG/240px-Tartu_Kaubamaja_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2127" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Department_Store" title="Tartu Department Store">Tartu Department Store</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasku.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tasku Shopping Centre"><img alt="Tasku Shopping Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tasku.jpg/120px-Tasku.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tasku.jpg/180px-Tasku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tasku.jpg/240px-Tasku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tasku_Shopping_Centre" title="Tasku Shopping Centre">Tasku Shopping Centre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_railway_station,_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tartu railway station"><img alt="Tartu railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG/120px-Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG/180px-Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG/240px-Tartu_railway_station%2C_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tartu_railway_station" title="Tartu railway station">Tartu railway station</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Church,_Tartu" title="Immaculate Conception Church, Tartu">Immaculate Conception Church, Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigcam" title="Pigcam">Pigcam</a>, wild game feeding webcam, in a forest near Tartu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_University_Library" title="Tartu University Library">Tartu University Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Mary's Church, Tartu">St Mary's Church, Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Paul's Church, Tartu">St Paul's Church, Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Peter's Church, Tartu">St Peter's Church, Tartu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBernotas2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Bernotas, Rivo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirj.ee/public/Archaeology/2011/issue_1/arch-2011-15-1-56-72.pdf">"Medieval Town Wall of Tartu in the Light of Recent Research"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Estonian Journal of Archaeology</i>. No. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Medieval+Town+Wall+of+Tartu+in+the+Light+of+Recent+Research&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Bernotas&rft.aufirst=Rivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirj.ee%2Fpublic%2FArchaeology%2F2011%2Fissue_1%2Farch-2011-15-1-56-72.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Estonian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈtɑrtˑu]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a>: <i>Tarto</i>, historically in German and Swedish: <i>Dorpat</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-visitsouthestonia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visitsouthestonia_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitsouthestonia.com/en/destinations/tartu-city/">"Tartu city"</a>. Visit South Estonia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224095624/https://visitsouthestonia.com/en/destinations/tartu-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tartu+city&rft.pub=Visit+South+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitsouthestonia.com%2Fen%2Fdestinations%2Ftartu-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecb.ee/destination/tartu/">"Tartu – European Capital of Culture 2024"</a>. Estonian Convention Bureau (ECB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224095619/https://www.ecb.ee/destination/tartu/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tartu+%E2%80%93+European+Capital+of+Culture+2024&rft.pub=Estonian+Convention+Bureau+%28ECB%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecb.ee%2Fdestination%2Ftartu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RV0240-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RV0240_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RV0240_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RV0240_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RV0240_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Population of Tartu city as a settlement unit, excluding population of other settlement units of the municipality of Tartu city. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/RV0240">Population by sex, age and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210714064911/https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/RV0240">Archived</a> 14 July 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Statistics Estonia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/en/stat/stat__majandus__rahvamajanduse-arvepidamine__sisemajanduse-koguprodukt-(skp)__regionaalne-sisemajanduse-koguprodukt/RAA0050.px/">"GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY COUNTY"</a>. <i>stat.ee</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027173302/https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/en/stat/stat__majandus__rahvamajanduse-arvepidamine__sisemajanduse-koguprodukt-(skp)__regionaalne-sisemajanduse-koguprodukt/RAA0050.px">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stat.ee&rft.atitle=GROSS+DOMESTIC+PRODUCT+BY+COUNTY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fpxweb%2Fen%2Fstat%2Fstat__majandus__rahvamajanduse-arvepidamine__sisemajanduse-koguprodukt-%28skp%29__regionaalne-sisemajanduse-koguprodukt%2FRAA0050.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estlandia.de/en/tourism-estonia/cities/tartu.html">Tartu – the intellectual centre of Estonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219182835/http://www.estlandia.de/en/tourism-estonia/cities/tartu.html">Archived</a> 19 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> estlandia.de</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Bousfield <i>The Rough Guide to Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania</i>. Rough Guides UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXu0BgAAQBAJ&dq=tartu%20intellectual%20centre%20of%20estonia&pg=PA126">Page 126</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230510010942/https://books.google.com/books?id=hXu0BgAAQBAJ&dq=tartu%20intellectual%20centre%20of%20estonia&pg=PA126">Archived</a> 10 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergey Chernov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/tartu-estonias-intellectual-and-theater-capital-20396">Tartu: Estonia's Intellectual and Theater Capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023200227/https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/tartu-estonias-intellectual-and-theater-capital-20396">Archived</a> 23 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>, 24 December 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visittartu.com/why-tartu">"Why Tartu?|Visit Tartu"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513203331/https://visittartu.com/why-tartu">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Tartu%3F%7CVisit+Tartu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisittartu.com%2Fwhy-tartu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Mets & R. Raudsepp: Baltic Piling. CRC Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415643344" title="Special:BookSources/9780415643344">9780415643344</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kul.ee/en/ministry-news-and-contact/international-cooperation-and-european-union/european-capital-culture">European Capital of Culture 2024</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906181814/https://www.kul.ee/en/ministry-news-and-contact/international-cooperation-and-european-union/european-capital-culture">Archived</a> 6 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — Ministry of Culture</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitestonia.com/en/why-estonia/tartu-european-capital-of-culture-2024">Tartu – European Capital of Culture 2024</a> – Visit Estonia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tartu.ee/en/tartu-european-capital-of-culture-2024">Tartu – European Capital of Culture 2024</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019073121/https://tartu.ee/en/tartu-european-capital-of-culture-2024">Archived</a> 19 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Tartu.ee</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnits2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ernits, Enn (2021). "Kas linnuse rajajalt või tarvalt? Veel kord Tartu nime päritolust". <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i>. <b>64</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">532–</span>546. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.54013%2Fkk762a4">10.54013/kk762a4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Kas+linnuse+rajajalt+v%C3%B5i+tarvalt%3F+Veel+kord+Tartu+nime+p%C3%A4ritolust&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E532-%3C%2Fspan%3E546&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.54013%2Fkk762a4&rft.aulast=Ernits&rft.aufirst=Enn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tezaurs.lv/M%C4%93tra:1">"Mētra | Tēzaurs"</a>. <i>tezaurs.lv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tezaurs.lv&rft.atitle=M%C4%93tra+%7C+T%C4%93zaurs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftezaurs.lv%2FM%25C4%2593tra%3A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tezaurs.lv/M%C4%93traine">"Mētraine | Tēzaurs"</a>. <i>tezaurs.lv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tezaurs.lv&rft.atitle=M%C4%93traine+%7C+T%C4%93zaurs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftezaurs.lv%2FM%25C4%2593traine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583793/Tartu">"Tartu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114339/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583793/Tartu">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tartu&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F583793%2FTartu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mäesalu-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mäesalu_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMäesalu2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mäesalu, Ain (12 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirp.ee/archive/2001/12.10.01/Sots/sots1-6.html">"Vene kroonikate Jurjev oli tõenäoliselt siiski Tartu"</a> (in Estonian). <a href="/wiki/Sirp" title="Sirp">Sirp</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123111414/https://www.sirp.ee/archive/2001/12.10.01/Sots/sots1-6.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vene+kroonikate+Jurjev+oli+t%C3%B5en%C3%A4oliselt+siiski+Tartu&rft.pub=Sirp&rft.date=2001-10-12&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4esalu&rft.aufirst=Ain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sirp.ee%2Farchive%2F2001%2F12.10.01%2FSots%2Fsots1-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mäesalu2005-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mäesalu2005_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mäesalu2005_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMäesaluVissak2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mäesalu, Ain; Vissak, Rünno (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3544313">"Muinas- ja keskaeg"</a>. In Pullerits, Heivi (ed.). <i>Tartu. Ajalugu ja kultuurilugu</i> (in Estonian). Ilmamaa. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789949131525" title="Special:BookSources/9789949131525"><bdi>9789949131525</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314005802/https://www.academia.edu/3544313">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muinas-+ja+keskaeg&rft.btitle=Tartu.+Ajalugu+ja+kultuurilugu&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Ilmamaa&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789949131525&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4esalu&rft.aufirst=Ain&rft.au=Vissak%2C+R%C3%BCnno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3544313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTvauri2012" class="citation book cs1">Tvauri, Andres (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG"><i>The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia</i></a>. pp. 33, 59, 60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023182212/https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Could+Kedipiv+in+East-Slavonic+Chronicles+be+Keava+hill+fort%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=16supplser&rft.pages=199&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3176%2Farch.2012.supv1.11&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4esalu&rft.aufirst=Ain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirj.ee%2Fpublic%2FArchaeology%2F2012%2Fsup_vol_1%2Farhe-keava-2012-195-200.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anti_Selart" title="Anti Selart">Anti Selart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Leimus" title="Ivar Leimus">Ivar Leimus</a>, Linda Kaljundi, <a href="/wiki/Heiki_Valk" title="Heiki Valk">Heiki Valk</a>. <i>Ristiretked ja vallutussõjad 13. sajandi Liivimaal</i>, in "Eesti ajalugu II. 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Estonian Weather Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211222336/http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/ohutemperatuur/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Temperature&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fohutemperatuur%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precip-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precip_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/sademed/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Precipitation"</a>. Estonian Weather Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211222341/http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/sademed/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Precipitation&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fsademed%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humidity-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humidity_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/ohuniiskus/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Humidity"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Humidity&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fohuniiskus%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sun-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sun_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/paikesepaiste-kestus/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Sunshine"</a>. Estonian Weather Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211222409/http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/paikesepaiste-kestus/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Sunshine&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fpaikesepaiste-kestus%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-extremes_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/rekordid/ohutemperatuur/">"Rekordid"</a> (in Estonian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kliimanormid-Sademed%2C+%C3%B5huniiskus&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emhi.ee%2Findex.php%3Fide%3D6%2C299%2C303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Estonia/CSV/Tartu-Toravere_26242.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+%26+Weather+Averages+in+Tartu&rft.pub=Time+and+Date&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fweather%2Festonia%2Ftartu%2Fclimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RV0282-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RV0282_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RV0282_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RV0282_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/RV0282">Population by sex, age group and administrative unit or type of settlement, 1 january (2000–2017)</a>. Statistics Estonia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429">"Population By Ethnic Nationality, Sex, Age Group And Place Of Residence"</a>. <i>andmed.stat.ee</i>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Estonia" title="Statistics Estonia">Statistics Estonia</a>. 31 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610110844/https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stat.ee&rft.atitle=General+data+for+1881%2C+1897%2C+1922%2C+1934%2C+1959%2C+1970%2C+1979%2C+1989+censuses+-+Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.ee%2F26384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_by_sex,_age_group_and_county,_1_January-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Population_by_sex,_age_group_and_county,_1_January_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PO022&path=../I_Databas/Population/01Population_indicators_and_composition/04Population_figure_and_composition/&lang=1">"Population by sex, age group and county, 1 January"</a>. Statistics Estonia. 16 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225061400/http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PO022&path=..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation%2F01Population_indicators_and_composition%2F04Population_figure_and_composition%2F&lang=1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+sex%2C+age+group+and+county%2C+1+January&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DPO022%26path%3D..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation%2F01Population_indicators_and_composition%2F04Population_figure_and_composition%2F%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026144552/http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/I_Databas/Population/01Population_indicators_and_composition/04Population_figure_and_composition/PO_021.htm">"Definitions and Methodology"</a>. <i>pub.stat.ee</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/I_Databas/Population/01Population_indicators_and_composition/04Population_figure_and_composition/PO_021.htm">the original</a> on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pub.stat.ee&rft.atitle=Definitions+and+Methodology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation%2F01Population_indicators_and_composition%2F04Population_figure_and_composition%2FPO_021.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:440178"><i>1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk I ja II, Rahva demograafiline koosseis ja korteriolud Eestis</i></a> (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1924. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789916103067" title="Special:BookSources/9789916103067"><bdi>9789916103067</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010107/https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/nlib-digar:440178">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span> – via Digar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1922+a.+%C3%BCldrahvalugemise+andmed.+Vihk+I+ja+II%2C+Rahva+demograafiline+koosseis+ja+korteriolud+Eestis&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9789916103067&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fid%2Fnlib-digar%3A440178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10062/4439"><i>Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II</i></a> (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1935. pp. <span class="nowrap">47–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10062%2F4439">10062/4439</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010008/https://dspace.ut.ee/items/bb3bac8a-8400-4f68-bea9-f4ac9b331652">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rahvastiku+koostis+ja+korteriolud.+1.III+1934+rahvaloenduse+andmed.+Vihk+II&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10062%2F4439&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10062%2F4439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:117429"><i>Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04</i></a> (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. <span class="nowrap">66–</span>67. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010110/https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/nlib-digar:117429">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+Statistika+%3A+kuukiri+1942-03%2F04&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1942&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fid%2Fnlib-digar%3A117429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatusPuurPõldma2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ester.ee/record=b1791991*est"><i>Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Tartumaa 1965-1990</i></a>. Sari C (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-820-72-X" title="Special:BookSources/9985-820-72-X"><bdi>9985-820-72-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506211857/https://www.ester.ee/record=b1791991*est">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rahvastiku+%C3%BChtlusarvutatud+s%C3%BCndmus-+ja+loendusstatistika%3A+Tartumaa+1965-1990&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.series=Sari+C&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Eesti+K%C3%B5rgkoolidevaheline+Demouuringute+Keskus&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9985-820-72-X&rft.aulast=Katus&rft.aufirst=Kalev&rft.au=Puur%2C+Allan&rft.au=P%C3%B5ldma%2C+Asta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ester.ee%2Frecord%3Db1791991%2Aest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ester.ee/record=b1655518*est"><i>Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года</i></a> (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010109/https://www.ester.ee/record=b1655518%2Aest">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+15+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+1970+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Eesti+NSV+Statistika+Keskvalitsus&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ester.ee%2Frecord%3Db1655518%2Aest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:375699/330970/page/30"><i>Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik. 1. osa, Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi : 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed</i></a> (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Vabariigi Riiklik Statistikaamet. 1990. pp. 28, 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9949-7193-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9949-7193-2-7"><bdi>978-9949-7193-2-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506150047/https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:375699/330970/page/30">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span> – via Digar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+Vabariigi+maakondade%2C+linnade+ja+alevite+rahvastik.+1.+osa%2C+Rahvaarv+rahvuse%2C+perekonnaseisu%2C+hariduse+ja+elatusallikate+j%C3%A4rgi+%3A+1989.+a.+rahvaloenduse+andmed&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=28%2C+33&rft.pub=Eesti+Vabariigi+Riiklik+Statistikaamet&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-9949-7193-2-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A375699%2F330970%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus/RL222.px/">"RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i> (in Estonian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010114/https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus/RL222">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL222%3A+RAHVASTIK+ELUKOHA+JA+RAHVUSE+J%C3%84RGI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fpxweb%2Fet%2Fstat%2Fstat__rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus%2FRL222.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RL0429-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RL0429_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded/RL0429">"RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010030/https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded/RL0429">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL0429%3A+RAHVASTIK+RAHVUSE%2C+SOO%2C+VANUSER%C3%9CHMA+JA+ELUKOHA+J%C3%84RGI%2C+31.+DETSEMBER+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fet%2Fstat%2Frahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded%2FRL0429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429.px/">"RL21429: Rahvastik Rahvuse, Soo, Vanuserühma Ja ELukoha (Haldusüksus) Järgi, 31. DETSEMBER 2021"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i> (in Estonian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919002332/https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL21429%3A+Rahvastik+Rahvuse%2C+Soo%2C+Vanuser%C3%BChma+Ja+ELukoha+%28Haldus%C3%BCksus%29+J%C3%A4rgi%2C+31.+DETSEMBER+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fpxweb%2Fet%2Fstat%2Fstat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel%2FRL21429.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrc.com/en/championship/calendar/wrc/-rally-estonia/overview/">"WRC Rally Estonia"</a>. <i>wrc.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801052557/https://www.wrc.com/en/championship/calendar/wrc/-rally-estonia/overview/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrc.com&rft.atitle=WRC+Rally+Estonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrc.com%2Fen%2Fchampionship%2Fcalendar%2Fwrc%2F-rally-estonia%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dota2.com/international/teams/">"International Teams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919010535/https://www.dota2.com/ingest">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Teams&rft.pub=Valve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dota2.com%2Finternational%2Fteams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woc2017.ee/">"Nokian Tyres World Orienteering Championships 2017"</a>. <i>www.woc2017.ee</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319064719/http://www.woc2017.ee/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.woc2017.ee&rft.atitle=Nokian+Tyres+World+Orienteering+Championships+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woc2017.ee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillem_Raam1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Villem Raam (1999). <i>Eesti arhitektuur 4. Tartumaa, Jõgevamaa, Valgamaa, Võrumaa, Põlvamaa. Valgus</i> (in Estonian). <a href="/wiki/Valgus_(publisher)" title="Valgus (publisher)">Valgus</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-68-050-2" title="Special:BookSources/9985-68-050-2"><bdi>9985-68-050-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+arhitektuur+4.+Tartumaa%2C+J%C3%B5gevamaa%2C+Valgamaa%2C+V%C3%B5rumaa%2C+P%C3%B5lvamaa.+Valgus&rft.pub=Valgus&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9985-68-050-2&rft.au=Villem+Raam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalle_Salupere2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Malle Salupere (2004). <i>Tuhandeaastane Tartu – Nooruse ja heade mõtete linn</i> (in Estonian). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Press" title="University of Tartu Press">University of Tartu Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-56-908-3" title="Special:BookSources/9985-56-908-3"><bdi>9985-56-908-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuhandeaastane+Tartu+%E2%80%93+Nooruse+ja+heade+m%C3%B5tete+linn&rft.pub=University+of+Tartu+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9985-56-908-3&rft.au=Malle+Salupere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeppo_Zetterberg2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seppo Zetterberg (2007). <i>Viron historia</i> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Literature_Society" title="Finnish Literature Society">Finnish Literature Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-746-520-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-746-520-5"><bdi>978-951-746-520-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viron+historia&rft.pub=Finnish+Literature+Society&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-951-746-520-5&rft.au=Seppo+Zetterberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATartu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartu&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tartu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tartu">Tartu</a> at Wikimedia Commons <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tartu#Q13972" class="extiw" title="voy:Tartu">Tartu</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tartu.ee/en">City of Tartu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visittartu.com/?set_lang_id=2">Tourism website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ut.ee/en">University of Tartu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo.physic.ut.ee/?lang=en">Weather in Tartu</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tartu_landmarks" title="Template:Tartu landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tartu_landmarks" title="Template talk:Tartu landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tartu_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tartu landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;Flag_of_Tartu_Tartu_landmarks186" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tartu"><img alt="Flag of Tartu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tartu_flag.svg/26px-Tartu_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tartu_flag.svg/39px-Tartu_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tartu_flag.svg/52px-Tartu_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tartu</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5e_Business_Centre" title="Emajõe Business Centre">Emajõe Business Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_building_of_Tartu_University" title="Main building of Tartu University">University main building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raadi_Manor" title="Raadi Manor">Raadi Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St. John's Church, Tartu">St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Tartu" title="St Paul's Church, Tartu">St. Paul's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Cathedral" title="Tartu Cathedral">Tartu Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Old_Observatory" title="University of Tartu Old Observatory">Tartu Old Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Town_Hall" title="Tartu Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raekoja_plats,_Tartu" title="Raekoja plats, Tartu">Town Hall Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snail_Tower" title="Snail Tower">Snail Tower</a> (Tigutorn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_House" title="Uppsala House">Uppsala House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Bock_House" title="Von Bock House">Von Bock House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precincts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supilinn" title="Supilinn">Supilinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlova,_Tartu" title="Karlova, Tartu">Karlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammelinn" title="Tammelinn">Tammelinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature and parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toomem%C3%A4gi" title="Toomemägi">Toomemägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Botanical_Garden" title="University of Tartu Botanical Garden">Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Canal" title="Anne Canal">Anne Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raadi_cemetery" title="Raadi cemetery">Raadi cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Literary_Museum" title="Estonian Literary Museum">Estonian Literary Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sports_and_Olympic_Museum" title="Estonian Sports and Olympic Museum">Estonian Sports and Olympic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Art_Museum" title="Tartu Art Museum">Tartu Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Toy_Museum" title="Tartu Toy Museum">Tartu Toy Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science and education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Biocentre" title="Estonian Biocentre">Estonian Biocentre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Observatory" title="Tartu Observatory">Tartu Observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Defence_College" title="Baltic Defence College">Baltic Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Aviation_Academy" title="Estonian Aviation Academy">Estonian Aviation Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_University_of_Life_Sciences" title="Estonian University of Life Sciences">Estonian University of Life Sciences</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_Institute_of_Zoology_and_Botany" title="Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany">Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Military_Academy" title="Estonian Military Academy">Estonian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Pallas University of Applied Sciences">Pallas University of Applied Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamme_Stadium" title="Tamme Stadium">Tamme Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_Airport" title="Tartu Airport">Tartu Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_railway_station" title="Tartu railway station">Railway station</a></li> <li>Bus</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AHHAA" title="AHHAA">AHHAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_Center" title="Aura Center">Aura Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Settlements_in_Tartu_(urban_municipality)103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tartu_(urban_municipality)" title="Template:Tartu (urban municipality)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tartu_(urban_municipality)" title="Template talk:Tartu (urban municipality)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tartu_(urban_municipality)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tartu (urban municipality)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Settlements_in_Tartu_(urban_municipality)103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">Settlements</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tartu_(urban_municipality)" title="Tartu (urban municipality)">Tartu (urban municipality)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:nobreak;">Town</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tartu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tartu municipality"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tartu municipality" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/50px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/75px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg/100px-Tartu_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:nobreak;">Small boroughs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmatsalu" title="Ilmatsalu">Ilmatsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rja" title="Märja">Märja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:nobreak;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haage" title="Haage">Haage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmatsalu_(village)" title="Ilmatsalu (village)">Ilmatsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandik%C3%BCla" title="Kandiküla">Kandiküla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardla" title="Kardla">Kardla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pihva" title="Pihva">Pihva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahinge" title="Rahinge">Rahinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B5hu,_Tartu_County" title="Rõhu, Tartu County">Rõhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htvere_(village)" title="Tähtvere (village)">Tähtvere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCki" title="Tüki">Tüki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbuse" title="Vorbuse">Vorbuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_towns_of_Estonia219" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Template:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Template talk:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_of_Estonia219" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Cities and towns of Estonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abja-Paluoja" title="Abja-Paluoja">Abja-Paluoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsla" title="Antsla">Antsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elva,_Estonia" title="Elva, Estonia">Elva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva" title="Jõgeva">Jõgeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallaste" title="Kallaste">Kallaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rdla" title="Kärdla">Kärdla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karksi-Nuia" title="Karksi-Nuia">Karksi-Nuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehra" title="Kehra">Kehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keila" title="Keila">Keila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilingi-N%C3%B5mme" title="Kilingi-Nõmme">Kilingi-Nõmme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivi%C3%B5li" title="Kiviõli">Kiviõli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunda,_Estonia" title="Kunda, Estonia">Kunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuressaare" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihula" title="Lihula">Lihula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loksa" title="Loksa">Loksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maardu" title="Maardu">Maardu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5isak%C3%BCla" title="Mõisaküla">Mõisaküla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustvee" title="Mustvee">Mustvee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva-J%C3%B5esuu" title="Narva-Jõesuu">Narva-Jõesuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Otepää">Otepää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5ltsamaa" title="Põltsamaa">Põltsamaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva" title="Põlva">Põlva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCssi" title="Püssi">Püssi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakvere" title="Rakvere">Rakvere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4pina" title="Räpina">Räpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapla" title="Rapla">Rapla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saue" title="Saue">Saue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindi,_Estonia" title="Sindi, Estonia">Sindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suure-Jaani" title="Suure-Jaani">Suure-Jaani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamsalu" title="Tamsalu">Tamsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonia" title="Tapa, Estonia">Tapa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5rva" title="Tõrva">Tõrva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCri" title="Türi">Türi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valga,_Estonia" title="Valga, Estonia">Valga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Viljandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5hma" title="Võhma">Võhma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Estonia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/53px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/70px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ivangorod" title="Ivangorod">Jaanilinn (Ivangorod)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pechory" title="Pechory">Petseri (Pechory)</a> were annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1945 and are currently part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">1985</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1986</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1987</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1988</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1989</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1990</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1991</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1992</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1993</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1994</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1995</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1996</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1997</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1998</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1999</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2000</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2001</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2002</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2003</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2004</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2005</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2006</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2007</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2008</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2009</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2010</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2011</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2012</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2013</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2014</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2015</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2016</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2017</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2018</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2019</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2020-April 2021</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2022</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2023</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2024</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2025</span></dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></b></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2026</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2027</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League814" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League814" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class="smallcaps">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck88" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kołobrzeg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde <span style="font-size:85%;">(Darłowo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Szczecin)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp <span style="font-size:85%;">(Słupsk)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/150px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/225px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/300px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg197" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)309" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span class="smallcaps">Danzig</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wrocław)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dorpat <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tartu)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing <span style="font-size:85%;">(Elbląg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kraków)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tallinn)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rīga)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn <span style="font-size:85%;">(Toruń)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1458" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span><br /><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13972#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1876" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13972#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1876" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13972#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130651701">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204989/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtrQ7jjjVRmtWggkg7GpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4012804-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043884">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948286q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948286q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tartu (Estonsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134533&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458735">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000041759&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcfdf1k5k5q5zf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559649005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c38d8161-bec9-4f25-9846-9fe262f864cf">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027442438">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Estonia" title="Portal:Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>113 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-nlkp4","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.341","walltime":"2.204","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13678,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":310500,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26829,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":251557,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1812.151 1 -total"," 32.10% 581.703 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 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[\"Webarchive\"] = 7,\n [\"Wikidatacoord\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-62rdk","timestamp":"20250217000948","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tartu","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tartu","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13972","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13972","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-25T11:48:10Z","dateModified":"2025-02-01T12:19:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/Tartu_%282019%29.jpg","headline":"second 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