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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%89" title="برشاوشان اخضر جبلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برشاوشان اخضر جبلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_viridimontanum" title="Adiantum viridimontanum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adiantum viridimontanum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of fern</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Green Mountain maidenhair </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a fern with palmate leaves growing on a rocky slope among shrubs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg/220px-Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg/330px-Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg/440px-Adiantum_viridimontanum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> growing in a <a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">dunite</a> roadcut </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><br />Vulnerable <small> (<a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Adiantum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Polypodiophyta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Polypodiopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polypodiales" title="Polypodiales">Polypodiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pteridaceae" title="Pteridaceae">Pteridaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adiantum" title="Adiantum"><i>Adiantum</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. viridimontanum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">C.A.Paris</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Adiantum pedatum</i> subsp. <i>viridimontanum</i> <small>(C.A.Paris) Fraser-Jenk.</small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Adiantum viridimontanum</b></i>, commonly known as <b>Green Mountain maidenhair fern</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">fern</a> found only in outcrops of <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine group">serpentine</a> rock in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and Eastern Canada. The leaf blade is cut into finger-like segments, themselves once-divided, which are borne on the outer side of a curved, dark, glossy <a href="/wiki/Rachis" title="Rachis">rachis</a>. These finger-like segments are not individual leaves, but parts of a single <a href="/wiki/Compound_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound leaf">compound leaf</a>. The "fingers" may be drooping or erect, depending on whether the individual fern grows in shade or sunlight. <a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spores</a> are borne under false <a href="/wiki/Sorus" title="Sorus">indusia</a> at the edge of the subdivisions of the leaf, a characteristic unique to the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Adiantum" title="Adiantum">Adiantum</a></i>. </p><p>Until 1991, <i>A. viridimontanum</i> was grouped with the western maidenhair fern, <i><a href="/wiki/A._aleuticum" class="mw-redirect" title="A. aleuticum">A. aleuticum</a></i>, which grows both in western North America and as a <a href="/wiki/Disjunct_distribution" title="Disjunct distribution">disjunct</a> on serpentine outcrops in eastern North America. At one time, <i>A. aleuticum</i> itself was classified as a <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a> (<i>A. pedatum</i> var. <i>aleuticum</i>) of the northern maidenhair fern, <i><a href="/wiki/A._pedatum" class="mw-redirect" title="A. pedatum">A. pedatum</a></i>. However, after several years of study, botanist Cathy Paris recognized that <i>A. aleuticum</i> was a distinct species, and that some of the specimens that had been attributed to that <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> (group of organisms) were a third, <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> species intermediate between <i>A. pedatum</i> and <i>A. aleuticum</i>. She named the new species <i>A. viridimontanum</i> for the site of its discovery in the <a href="/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>; it has since been located in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and in one site in coastal <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. </p><p><i>A. viridimontanum</i> is difficult to distinguish from its parent species in the field. It can generally be separated from <i>A. pedatum</i> by the shape of the ultimate segments (the smallest divisions of the leaf), and by its habitat on thin, exposed <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_soil" title="Serpentine soil">serpentine soils</a> rather than in rich woodlands. It more closely resembles <i>A. aleuticum</i>; but the stalks of the ultimate segments and the false indusia are longer and the spores larger. </p><p>Due to its limited distribution and similarity to other <i>Adiantum</i> species within its range, little is known of its ecology. It thrives on sunny, disturbed areas where <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">ultramafic rock</a> is covered with thin soil, such as <a href="/wiki/Road_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Road cuts">road cuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">talus</a> slopes, and <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> mines. Individual plants seem long-lived, and new individuals only infrequently reach maturity. It is one of four species <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to serpentine in eastern North America and is considered globally <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threatened</a> due to its habitat restrictions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> is a medium-sized, <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_plant" title="Terrestrial plant">terrestrial</a> fern,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 2 feet (60 cm) wide and 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) high.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullina200831–33_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECullina200831–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Frond" title="Frond">fronds</a> range from 30 to 75 cm (12 to 30 in) in length from the base of the leaf stalk to the tip. Like many ferns, the frond of <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is divided into a series of leaflets, known as pinnae, and the pinnae are further divided into <a href="/wiki/Pinnule" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnule">pinnules</a>. The shape of the frond in <i>A. pedatum</i>, <i>A. aleuticum</i>, and <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is very similar. They are usually described as having a rachis that forks into two branches, which curve outwards and backwards. Several pinnae grow from the outer side of the curve of each rachis branch, with the longest pinnae located closest to the fork of the rachis. The fingerlike pinnae are <a href="/wiki/Pinnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnate">pinnately</a> divided into short-stalked pinnules.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECobbFarnsworthLowe200456–58_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECobbFarnsworthLowe200456–58-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleasonCronquist200916_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleasonCronquist200916-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, this interpretation of the frond architecture (<a href="/wiki/Pedate" title="Pedate">pedately</a> divided into pinnae, then pinnately divided into pinnules) presents a problem: no other species of <i>Adiantum</i>, nor any other member of the <a href="/wiki/Polypodiaceae" title="Polypodiaceae">Polypodiaceae</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato">sensu lato</a></i> (the family in which <i>Adiantum</i> was once included) has a forking rachis. In fact, these species are not pedate, but <a href="/wiki/Pseudopedate" title="Pseudopedate">pseudopedate</a>. What appears to be a fork in the rachis is in fact the junction between the rachis and a basal pinna. That basal pinna makes up one of the two curving branches; the rachis runs straight up the first fingerlike segment on the other branch, while the remainder of that curving branch is made up of the other basal pinna. Both basal pinnae are further divided and subdivided to create the other fingerlike segments. Therefore, even though they appear structurally similar, the longest and most central fingerlike segment represents the tip of the frond, pinnately divided into pinnae (the first level of division of the frond), while the two shorter fingerlike segments immediately on either side of it are pinnae, pinnately divided into pinnules (the second level of division). Each fingerlike segment thereafter represents a level of division one greater than the one that precedes it. Therefore, the final, pinnate subdivisions of each fingerlike segment may be referred to as "ultimate segments" to avoid the technical inaccuracy of calling them pinnules.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizome</a> shows little branching, with intervals of 4.0 to 7.5 mm between <a href="/wiki/Node_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Node (botany)">nodes</a>. It measures 2.0 to 3.5 mm in diameter. The rhizome and the <a href="/wiki/Stipe_(botany)" title="Stipe (botany)">stipe</a> (the stalk of the leaf, below the blade) have <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>-colored scales. The stipe and rachis range from chestnut brown to dark purple in color and are <a href="/wiki/Glabrousness_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glabrousness (botany)">glabrous</a>; the stipe is about 2 to 3 mm in diameter while the rachis is smaller, 1 to 2 mm. The basal pinnae are from three to seven times pinnate (due to the pseudopedate structure of the blade), while the apical parts of the blade (and the corresponding segments of the basal pinnae) are once-pinnate. The penultimate segments of the blade (the apparent "pinnae", or fingerlike segments) are typically <a href="/wiki/Lanceolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanceolate">lanceolate</a> in shape. The overall arrangement of the penultimate segments ranges from drooping and fan-shaped on plants growing in the shade to funnel-shaped on plants growing in full sun; under the latter conditions, the segments stand stiffly erect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ultimate segments of the divided blade (the apparent "pinnules") are borne on short, dark stalks of 0.6 to 1.5 mm, with the dark color often spreading into the base of each segment. They are long and obliquely triangular, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basiscopic" class="extiw" title="wikt:basiscopic">basiscopic</a> margin forming the <a href="/wiki/Hypotenuse" title="Hypotenuse">hypotenuse</a>. The tip of the segments is typically acute, but entire (not pointed). They measure from 9.5 to 22.5 mm in length and 4.2 to 7.5 mm in breadth, the average length being about 2.5 times the breadth. Their tissue is herbaceous (firmly leafy) to chartaceous (parchment-like) in texture, and bright green to bluish-green in color. As in other members of <i>Adiantum</i>, the glabrous leaves shed water when young. Under shady conditions, the ultimate segments lie within the plane of the blade, but tend to twist out of the plane when grown in the sun. The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acroscopic" class="extiw" title="wikt:acroscopic">acroscopic</a> margins of these segments are lobed, with narrow (less than 1.0 mm) incisions lying between lobes. In fertile segments, these lobes are recurved to form false <a href="/wiki/Sorus" title="Sorus">indusia</a> beneath the leaf. These are transversely oblong, from 2 to 5 mm in length and from 0.6 to 1.4 mm in width.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sporangia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporangia">sporangia</a> (the fern's <a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">spore</a>-bearing structures) are borne on the underside of the leaf beneath the false indusium, a trait found in all members of <i>Adiantum</i> and not in any species outside it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1993_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sori are round, and are found on veins ending in the false indusium, below the veins' ends. The spores are <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahedral">tetrahedral</a> to <a href="/wiki/Globose" class="mw-redirect" title="Globose">globose</a>, yellow in color, and measure 41 to 58 <a href="/wiki/Micrometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrometers">micrometers</a> (μm) in diameter (averaging 51.4 μm), on average larger than other species in the <i>A. pedatum</i> complex. Spores appear in the summer and fall. The species has a <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome number">chromosome number</a> of 116 in the <a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">sporophyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification">Identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> closely resembles the other species in the <i>A. pedatum</i> complex (<i>A. pedatum</i> and <i>A. aleuticum</i>), and distinguishing the three in the field is difficult. Paris and Windham, in their study of the complex, noted that while each species, collectively, can be distinguished from the others, no single <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> character was absolutely distinctive among species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sterile <a href="/wiki/Triploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Triploid">triploid</a> hybrids between <i>A. viridimontanum</i> and the other two species may occur, further complicating field identification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One potentially distinguishing character is the shape of the ultimate segments in the middle part of the leaf blade, which are oblong in <i>A. pedatum</i> and long-triangular or reniform (kidney-shaped) in <i>A. viridimontanum</i> and some specimens of <i>A. aleuticum</i>. Furthermore, <i>A. viridimontanum</i> can grow in both shade and sun, while <i>A. pedatum</i> grows in shade only.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> can be separated from the morphologically similar individuals of <i>A. aleuticum</i> by the greater length of the stalks on the medial ultimate segments and of the false indusia, measuring greater than 0.9 mm and greater than 3.5 mm, respectively, in <i>A. viridimontanum</i>. Spore size is also a useful character (although not easily measured in the field); the average <i>A. viridimontanum</i> spore measures 51.4 μm in diameter. While <i>A. aleuticum</i> spores can reach up to 53 μm, they average about 43 μm. In <i>A. aleuticum</i> growing as a disjunct on eastern serpentine (the specimens most likely to be confused with <i>A. viridimontanum</i>), the rhizome is much more frequently branched, with intervals of 1.0 to 2.0 mm between nodes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work which led to the recognition of <i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> as a distinct taxon began in the early 20th century. Following the discovery of disjunct specimens of <a href="/wiki/Western_maidenhair_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Western maidenhair fern">western maidenhair fern</a>, then classified as <i>A. pedatum</i> var. <i>aleuticum</i>, on the serpentine <a href="/wiki/Table_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Table (landform)">tableland</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_(Quebec)" title="Mount Albert (Quebec)">Mount Albert</a> by <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald" title="Merritt Lyndon Fernald">Merritt Lyndon Fernald</a> in 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> botanists began to search for western maidenhair on ultramafic outcrops elsewhere in Quebec and Vermont. It was first identified in Vermont by L. Frances Jolley in 1922 at Belvidere Mountain in <a href="/wiki/Eden,_Vermont" title="Eden, Vermont">Eden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolley1922_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolley1922-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, William J. Cody transferred <i>A. pedatum</i> growing on serpentine, both in eastern and western North America, to <i>A. pedatum</i> subsp. <i>calderi</i> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECody1983_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECody1983-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the stations for the fern in Vermont were described in 1985, in a survey of ultramafic outcrops in that state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZikaDann1985_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZikaDann1985-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1983 to 1985, Cathy A. Paris, then a graduate student, gathered specimens of <i>A. pedatum</i> from non-serpentine soils in the Midwest and Vermont, and from serpentine soils in New England and Canada, for <a href="/wiki/Biosystematic" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosystematic">biosystematic</a> analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDann1988100–105_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDann1988100–105-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, Paris and Michael D. Windham published the results of this analysis, revealing <i>A. pedatum</i> in North America to be a <a href="/wiki/Cryptic_species_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptic species complex">cryptic species complex</a>. They showed that <i>A. pedatum</i> <i>sensu lato</i> included two well-distinguished <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> taxa, one found in the Eastern woodlands, and the other found both in the Western mountains and as a disjunct on serpentine in the East. However, not all of the serpentine disjuncts proved to belong to the Western taxon. Several of them, including most of the specimens in Vermont, were found to be <a href="/wiki/Tetraploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraploid">tetraploid</a>, forming a taxon distinguishable from the two diploids. <a href="/wiki/Isozyme" title="Isozyme">Isozyme</a> banding patterns suggested that the tetraploid had arisen by hybridization between the eastern subspecies of non-serpentine woodlands and the western and serpentine taxon, followed by a duplication of the <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_genome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid genome">hybrid genome</a> through <a href="/wiki/Polyploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyploid">polyploidy</a> (allowing the chromosomes to pair and restoring sexual fertility). This <a href="/wiki/Allotetraploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotetraploid">allotetraploid</a> was also morphologically intermediate between the two taxa, although it more closely resembled the serpentine taxon (hence its referral to var. <i>aleuticum</i> before Paris's work).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paris <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">formally described</a> the tetraploid as a new species, <i>A. viridimontanum</i>, in 1991, and also separated the western and serpentine taxon from <i>A. pedatum</i> as the species <i>A. aleuticum</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Type_specimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type specimen">type specimen</a> of <i>A. viridimontanum</i> was collected from a talus slope at the old <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> mine on Belvidere Mountain on August 28, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sequencing of several <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> DNA loci has revealed that the <i>A. viridimontanum</i> chloroplast genome most closely resembles that of <i>A. aleuticum</i>, suggesting that <i>A. aleuticum</i> was the maternal parent of <i>A. viridimontanum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuLiLutzSoejima2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuLiLutzSoejima2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Christopher Fraser-Jenkins treated it as a subspecies of a broadly defined <i>A. pedatum</i> as <i>A. pedatum</i> subsp. <i>viridimontanum</i>, arguing that the morphological similarity among members of the complex should outweigh the <a href="/wiki/Biological_species_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological species concept">biological species concept</a> in defining the boundaries of the species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015213_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015213-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png/220px-Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png/330px-Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png/440px-Adiantum_viridimontanum_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Natural distribution of <i>A. viridimontanum</i> within eastern Canada and the northeastern United States</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> is narrowly distributed in New England and Quebec. At least seven stations in Vermont lie in the <a href="/wiki/Missisquoi_River" title="Missisquoi River">Missisquoi Valley</a>, in the northern <a href="/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a>, giving the fern its common name. The ultramafic rocks of this area extend northwards into Quebec, where as of 2001, eight stations were known in southern Quebec and six in the <a href="/wiki/Thetford_Mines" title="Thetford Mines">Thetford Mines</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known from one station on serpentine on <a href="/wiki/Deer_Isle,_Maine" title="Deer Isle, Maine">Deer Isle, Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajakarunaBoyd2009_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajakarunaBoyd2009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fern thrives in thin serpentine soils on sunny, disturbed habitats such as roadcuts and talus slopes, in <a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">dunite</a> and other ultramafic rocks. <a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic</a> disturbance has removed thicker soils and increased sun exposure in many of these sites; for instance, many of the Quebec stations are in asbestos mines, both abandoned and active. In more natural habitats, <a href="/wiki/Frost_weathering" title="Frost weathering">frost weathering</a> and erosion may promote rock fall and maintain suitable habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013–5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013–5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A detailed quantitative analysis of habitat preferences has shown that while <i>A. viridimontanum</i> occupies similar habitat to <i>A. aleuticum</i> in northeastern North America (ultramafic ledges, mine dumps, etc.), it also occupies serpentine-influenced <a href="/wiki/Northern_hardwood_forest" title="Northern hardwood forest">northern hardwood forests</a>, where the calcium-rich forest habitats preferred by <i>A. pedatum</i> have been altered by magnesium-rich drainage from ultramafic sites. This niche is not generally occupied by either of the two parent species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthgatePatelBarrington2019_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthgatePatelBarrington2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eastern serpentine outcrops where <i>A. viridimontanum</i> thrives have relatively few <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemics</a>, compared to serpentine exposures globally. <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is one of only five taxa (four species and a variety) that are strictly endemic to serpentine in eastern North America, and two of these, <i>A. aleuticum</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Aspidotis_densa" title="Aspidotis densa">Aspidotis densa</a></i>, grow on non-serpentine substrates elsewhere in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> largely <a href="/wiki/Reproduces_asexually" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproduces asexually">reproduces asexually</a> by branching rather than sexually through spores. While wind-blown spores can result in sexual reproduction for the species, most spores probably fall within a relatively short radius of the plant. In addition, reproduction through spore dispersal requires the spore to land in suitable conditions for generating a <a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">gametophyte</a>, typically in bright sunlight on thin serpentine soils. These requirements allow <i>A. viridimontanum</i> to colonize recently disturbed sites on ultramafic outcrops, where <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> has been exposed and competing plants have been removed. The populations appear stable, with the long life of individuals compensating for low <a href="/wiki/Recruitment_(biology)" title="Recruitment (biology)">recruitment</a> rates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known about the role of <i>A. viridimontanum</i> in the ecosystem. In general, ferns are less susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Herbivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivory">herbivory</a> than <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> due to higher levels of toxic and distasteful compounds in their foliage. <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is not known to be threatened by a particular predator or disease.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe conservation status</a> system, <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is considered globally vulnerable (G3). It is considered critically imperiled (S1) in Maine,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaineRarePlant2021_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaineRarePlant2021-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> imperiled (S2) in Vermont and vulnerable (S3) in Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Conservation_(ethic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (ethic)">Conservation</a> of <i>A. viridimontanum</i> is primarily limited by its restricted habitat on serpentine cliffs and talus slopes which are of little value to humans. The most likely threat to the species is expansion of asbestos mining, which often occurs near populations of the fern, or other reuse of abandoned asbestos mines. Road construction might also threaten some sites, although this is mitigated by the fern's ability to flourish on disturbed serpentine. None of the sites are as yet known to be invaded by non-native plants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20014–5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20014–5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species is considered more difficult to cultivate than either of its parent species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullina200833_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECullina200833-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatureServe2024_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNatureServe2024">NatureServe 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1991-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1991_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParis1991">Paris 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECullina200831–33-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullina200831–33_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCullina2008">Cullina 2008</a>, pp. 31–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECobbFarnsworthLowe200456–58-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECobbFarnsworthLowe200456–58_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCobbFarnsworthLowe2004">Cobb, Farnsworth & Lowe 2004</a>, pp. 56–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleasonCronquist200916-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleasonCronquist200916_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGleasonCronquist2009">Gleason & Cronquist 2009</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis1993-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis1993_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParis1993">Paris 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParisWindham1988_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParisWindham1988">Paris & Windham 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuesink2001">Ruesink 2001</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFernald1905">Fernald 1905</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolley1922-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolley1922_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJolley1922">Jolley 1922</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECody1983-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECody1983_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCody1983">Cody 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZikaDann1985-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZikaDann1985_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZikaDann1985">Zika & Dann 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDann1988100–105-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDann1988100–105_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDann1988">Dann 1988</a>, pp. 100–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuLiLutzSoejima2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuLiLutzSoejima2011_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuLiLutzSoejima2011">Lu et al. 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015213-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015213_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015">Fraser-Jenkins, Kandel & Pariyar 2015</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20011-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20011_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuesink2001">Ruesink 2001</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisRajakaruna2009_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrisRajakaruna2009">Harris & Rajakaruna 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERajakarunaBoyd2009-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajakarunaBoyd2009_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRajakarunaBoyd2009">Rajakaruna & Boyd 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20013–5-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20013–5_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuesink2001">Ruesink 2001</a>, pp. 3–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthgatePatelBarrington2019-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthgatePatelBarrington2019_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouthgatePatelBarrington2019">Southgate, Patel & Barrington 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaineRarePlant2021-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaineRarePlant2021_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaineRarePlant2021">MaineRarePlant 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuesink20014–5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuesink20014–5_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuesink2001">Ruesink 2001</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECullina200833-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullina200833_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCullina2008">Cullina 2008</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiantum_viridimontanum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCobbFarnsworthLowe2004" class="citation book cs1">Cobb, Boughton; Farnsworth, Elizabeth; Lowe, Cheryl (2004). <i>A Field Guide to Ferns of Northeastern and Central North America</i>. Peterson Field Guides. New York: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-39406-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-39406-0"><bdi>0-618-39406-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Field+Guide+to+Ferns+of+Northeastern+and+Central+North+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Peterson+Field+Guides&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-618-39406-0&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=Boughton&rft.au=Farnsworth%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Cheryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdiantum+viridimontanum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCody1983" class="citation journal cs1">Cody, William J. (January 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5872961">"<i>Adiantum pedatum</i> ssp. <i>calderi</i>, a new subspecies in northeastern North America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rhodora_(journal)" title="Rhodora (journal)">Rhodora</a></i>. <b>85</b> (841): 93–96. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23311123">23311123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhodora&rft.atitle=Adiantum+pedatum+ssp.+calderi%2C+a+new+subspecies+in+northeastern+North+America&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=841&rft.pages=93-96&rft.date=1983-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23311123%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cody&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F5872961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdiantum+viridimontanum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullina2008" class="citation book cs1">Cullina, William (2008). <i>Native Ferns, Moss & Grasses</i>. New York: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-53118-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-53118-9"><bdi>978-0-618-53118-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Ferns%2C+Moss+%26+Grasses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-618-53118-9&rft.aulast=Cullina&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdiantum+viridimontanum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernald1905" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald" title="Merritt Lyndon Fernald">Fernald, M.L.</a> (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562744">"An alpine <i>Adiantum</i>"</a>. <i>Rhodora</i>. <b>7</b> (83): 190–192. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23293670">23293670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhodora&rft.atitle=An+alpine+Adiantum&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=83&rft.pages=190-192&rft.date=1905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23293670%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fernald&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F562744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdiantum+viridimontanum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser-JenkinsKandelPariyar2015" class="citation book cs1">Fraser-Jenkins, Christopher R.; Kandel, Dhan Raj; Pariyar, Sagun (2015). <i>Ferns and Fern-Allies of Nepal</i>. 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(2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biology.sjsu.edu/facultystaff/nrajakaruna/3Rajakaruna_Boyd2009.pdf">"Advances in serpentine geoecology: a retrospective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Northeastern Naturalist</i>. <b>16</b> (special issue 5): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1656%2F045.016.0501">10.1656/045.016.0501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59356565">59356565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Advances+in+serpentine+geoecology%3A+a+retrospective&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=special+issue+5&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1656%2F045.016.0501&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59356565%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rajakaruna&rft.aufirst=Nishanta&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Robert+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.sjsu.edu%2Ffacultystaff%2Fnrajakaruna%2F3Rajakaruna_Boyd2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdiantum+viridimontanum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuesink2001" class="citation web cs1">Ruesink, Ana (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nativeplanttrust.org/documents/23/Adiantumviridimontanum.pdf">"<i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i> Paris (Green Mountain Maidenhair Fern) Conservation and Research Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Harvard Herbarium</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saveplants.org/plant-detail-page/?plant_id=9328">Center for Plant Conservation Plant Profile: <i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018220758/http://saveplants.org/plant-detail-page/?plant_id=9328">Archived</a> October 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Adiantum viridimontanum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198851" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2198851">Q2198851</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Adiantum_%C3%97_viridimontanum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Adiantum × viridimontanum">Adiantum × viridimontanum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/653CR">653CR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/596883">596883</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500028">233500028</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2651836">2651836</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=444491">444491</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/138360">138360</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/17546060-1">17546060-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10196582">10196582</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=181793">181793</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.141112/">2.141112</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1073799">1073799</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=928717">928717</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-26609172">tro-26609172</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ADVI3">ADVI3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/26609172">26609172</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/8383">8383</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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