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href="#The_dissident_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The dissident years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_dissident_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile_and_academic_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile_and_academic_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exile and academic career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile_and_academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Return to Slovenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pučnik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jože Pučnik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pučnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jože Pučnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pučnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jože Pučnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јоже Пучник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јоже Пучник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Йоже Пучнік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоже Пучнік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pučnik – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jože Pučnik" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jože Pučnik</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joze_pucnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Joze_pucnik.jpg/220px-Joze_pucnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Joze_pucnik.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="368" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Pučnik in the late 1990s</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1989 – May 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">France Tomšič</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1932-03-09</span>)</span>9 March 1932<br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cre%C5%A1njevec,_Slovenska_Bistrica" title="Črešnjevec, Slovenska Bistrica">Črešnjevec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 January 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-01-11)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DEMOS_(Slovenia)" title="DEMOS (Slovenia)">DEMOS</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jože Pučnik</b> (9 March 1932 – 11 January 2003) was a Slovenian public intellectual, sociologist and politician. During the <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> regime of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, he was one of the most outspoken Slovenian critics of dictatorship and lack of civil liberties in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a>. </p><p>Pučnik was imprisoned for a total of seven years, and later forced into exile. After returning to Slovenia in the late 1980s, he became the leader of the <a href="/wiki/DEMOS_(Slovenia)" title="DEMOS (Slovenia)">Democratic Opposition of Slovenia</a>, a platform of democratic parties that defeated the communists in the first free elections in 1990 and introduced a democratic system and market economy to Slovenia. Pučnik is also considered one of the fathers of <a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Slovenia)" title="Statehood Day (Slovenia)">Slovenian independence from Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_formation">Early life and formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pučnik was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cre%C5%A1njevec,_Slovenska_Bistrica" title="Črešnjevec, Slovenska Bistrica">Črešnjevec</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Styria" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Styria">Slovenian Styria</a> (now part of the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Slovenska_Bistrica" title="Slovenska Bistrica">Slovenska Bistrica</a>), in what was then the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>. He came from a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> peasant background. His family had supported the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovenian_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Front of the Slovenian People">Liberation Front of the Slovenian People</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: his older brother Ivan was an anti-Nazi resistance fighter in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisan</a> movement. </p><p>Already as a teenager, Pučnik clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> establishment. Because of some critical thoughts published in the high school paper <i>Iskanja</i> (Quests) he was prohibited from taking his final exam.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since he couldn't enroll in the University, he was drafted in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a>. After completing the military service, he took the final exam, passed it and enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a>, where he studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparative_literature" title="Comparative literature">comparative literature</a>, graduating in 1958. </p><p>While living in <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, he became involved with a group of young intellectuals, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_generation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical generation (page does not exist)">Critical generation</a>, which tried to open a space for public debate and challenged the rigid cultural policies of the <a href="/wiki/Titoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Titoist">Titoist</a> regime in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic of Slovenia</a>. Among Pučnik's closest collaborators from that period were the literary historian <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kermauner" title="Taras Kermauner">Taras Kermauner</a>, sociologist <a href="/wiki/Veljko_Rus" title="Veljko Rus">Veljko Rus</a>, and poet <a href="/wiki/Veno_Taufer" title="Veno Taufer">Veno Taufer</a>. Pučnik believed that the system could be changed from inside and therefore joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Slovenia">Communist Party of Slovenia</a>. At the same time, he published several articles in the journal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revija_57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revija 57 (page does not exist)">Revija 57</a></i>, in which he openly criticised the economic policies of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist regime">communist regime</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_dissident_years">The dissident years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The dissident years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, Pučnik was arrested accused of "subversion of the socialist system" and sentenced to 9 years in jail. At the trial, which lasted only a couple of hours, he was accused of having instigated workers to strike. Some have suggested that Pučnik's imprisonment was a deliberate attempt by the regime to silence dissident intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released in 1963 and immediately continued writing for the alternative journal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perspektive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perspektive (page does not exist)">Perspektive</a></i>. At this point he was already publicly stating his disapproval of the regime.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, his article <i>Problemi našega kmetijstva</i> (The Problems of Our Agriculture) was published in the journal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perspektive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perspektive (page does not exist)">Perspektive</a></i>. In it, Pučnik criticized the agricultural policy of the regime, arguing that it was inefficient using publicly available official data. He was arrested again, sentenced to another two years in prison and expelled from the Communist Party. </p><p>During his time in prison, Pučnik became an idol for his generation.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The playwright <a href="/wiki/Dominik_Smole" title="Dominik Smole">Dominik Smole</a> dedicated the play <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antigone_(Dominik_Smole)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antigone (Dominik Smole) (page does not exist)">Antigone</a></i> to him and <a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Kozak" title="Primož Kozak">Primož Kozak</a> portrayed him in the leading role of his play <i>Afera</i> (The Scandal). Both plays were metaphors for the totalitarian repression in communist Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile_and_academic_career">Exile and academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exile and academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pučnik was released from jail in 1966. After several unsuccessful attempts to find a job, he decided to emigrate to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. He settled in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, making a living from manual jobs. When he decided to enrol as a postgraduate student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a>, the University of Ljubljana refused to provide him with a copy of his degree.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thus enrolled again to <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> study of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, obtaining his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in 1971. He worked at the universities of Hamburg and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a>, where he taught sociology. During his life in Germany, Pučnik became a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/German_Social_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="German Social Democratic Party">German Social Democratic Party</a>, maintaining close relations with several of its leaders. In the late 1980s, he became an open admirer of the Social Democratic leader of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">chancellor of Germany</a>, whom he took as his main role model for his subsequent political activity.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the academic sphere, he became influenced by the theories of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a> and his <a href="/wiki/System_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="System theory">system theory</a>, as well as by several phenomenological sociologists such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Schutz">Alfred Schutz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Luckmann" title="Thomas Luckmann">Thomas Luckmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his years of exile, he kept up a correspondence with several important critical intellectuals in Slovenia, especially <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Urban%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Ivo Urbančič">Ivo Urbančič</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Slovenia">Return to Slovenia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Return to Slovenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s, Pučnik could again publish articles in Slovenia, this time in the alternative journal <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_revija_(magazine)" title="Nova revija (magazine)">Nova revija</a></i>. In 1987, he co-authored the <a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovenian_National_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributions to the Slovenian National Program">Contributions to the Slovenian National Program</a>, published in the 57th issue of the Nova revija journal. The text was written as the response to the <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_the_Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> of 1986, and set the grounds for a political opposition to the communist regime. It was also the first legally published publication openly advocating Slovenia's independence from Yugoslavia. Pučnik's article was centred on issues of democratization and political plurality, and openly stressed the need for Slovenia's full sovereignty in order to secure such development. </p><p>He returned to Slovenia in 1989 at the invitation of the newly formed opposition <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Social Democratic Union of Slovenia</a>. He was elected president of the party in 1989 and the following year he was chosen as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Opposition_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Opposition of Slovenia">Democratic Opposition of Slovenia</a>, a common platform of all democratic opposition parties in Slovenia. The coalition won the first democratic elections in 1990. Pučnik ran for <a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">President of Slovenia</a> but lost to <a href="/wiki/Milan_Ku%C4%8Dan" title="Milan Kučan">Milan Kučan</a>, the last secretary general of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Slovenia">Communist Party of Slovenia</a>. He was nevertheless elected to the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenian Parliament</a> and remained the official leader of the Democratic Opposition of Slovenia, and the coalition's parliamentary leader. </p><p>Between 1990 and 1992, he was among those who led <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> to independence from <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federative_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. In 1992, after the fall of <a href="/wiki/Lojze_Peterle" title="Lojze Peterle">Lojze Peterle</a>'s coalition government, Pučnik decided to lead his party into a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">Liberal Democratic Party</a> and briefly served as vice-president in the first government of <a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a>. </p><p>In the elections of 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party of Slovenia</a> suffered a complete defeat, gaining a mere 3.4% of the vote, barely securing the entry into the Parliament. Pučnik resigned as president of the party in favour of <a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a>. Between 1992 and 1996, Pučnik served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Slovenia">National Assembly of Slovenia</a>. During this time, he led a parliamentary commission to clarify political responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> perpetrated by the communist regime in Slovenia after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> . </p><p>After 1996, he retired from active politics, but remained honorary president of the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party of Slovenia</a> and continued to voice his opinion on matters of public interest. He remained utterly critical of the policies of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Milan_Ku%C4%8Dan" title="Milan Kučan">Milan Kučan</a>. He also criticized the political transition to democracy in general, especially the insufficient implementation of the rule of law, the widespread corruption and the maintenance of the power networks from the previous regime. </p><p>He died in Germany in 2003 and was buried in his home village of Črešnjevec. His funeral was attended by a huge crowd. The eulogy was delivered by philosopher and his lifelong friend <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Urban%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Ivo Urbančič">Ivo Urbančič</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pučnik is considered to be one of the fathers of independent Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, especially in the Slovenian right wing circles, have also called him "Father of Slovenian Democracy".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Distinct_Merits_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Distinct Merits of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Order of Distinct Merits of Slovenia</a>. In 2007, the Government of Slovenia named the main international airport in Slovenia, the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport">Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport</a>, after him. The decision was criticized by some,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the then President of Slovenia <a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a> who publicly expressed his respect for Pučnik, but disagreed with the renaming of the airport after him.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author and journalist <a href="/wiki/Spomenka_Hribar" title="Spomenka Hribar">Spomenka Hribar</a>, Pučnik's former colleague, stated that Pučnik would not have agreed with such renaming, because he was a modest person who disliked public praise and rejected any "<a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">cult of personality</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar statement was made by Pučnik's son Gorazd, who however did not oppose the renaming and was present at the renaming ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal conservative">liberal conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jože Pučnik Institute (page does not exist)">Jože Pučnik Institute</a> and the elementary school in his native Črešnjevec are also named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Milan_Zver" title="Milan Zver">Milan Zver</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> announced on 11 June 2018 that a conference room will bear the name of Jože Pučnik.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official inauguration took place on 28 June 2018 in Brussels, where <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party group">EPP Group in the European Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">President of Slovenia</a> <a href="/wiki/Borut_Pahor" title="Borut Pahor">Borut Pahor</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Slovenian Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a> and initiator <a href="/wiki/Milan_Zver" title="Milan Zver">Milan Zver</a> were among the honorary speakers. Family of Jože Pučnik was present at the inauguration as well.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/220px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/330px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/440px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2947" /></a><figcaption>Jože Pučnik room in <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jože Pučnik was the brother of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Pučnik (page does not exist)">Ivan Pučnik</a>, a farmer and politician, who was initially member of the Communist Party and later also became a dissident and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Peasant_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Peasant Union">Slovenian Peasant Union</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jože Pučnik was married twice. After his first release from jail in 1963, he met <a href="/wiki/Irena_%C5%BDerjal" title="Irena Žerjal">Irena Žerjal</a>, a young Slovene author from <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, who studied Slavic <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They married the same year, when Pučnik was already imprisoned again; Pučnik was not allowed to attend his own wedding, and his brother Ivan had to represent him at the ceremony instead.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (December 2022)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> His first son was born in 1964. When Pučnik was released from prison in 1966, the family moved to Germany; in 1969, however, the wife decided to return to Trieste with the son, while Pučnik decided to stay in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-siol.net_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siol.net-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later married Christel Kunath. They had a daughter named Katharina. He also adopted his second wife's son, called Marcus.<sup id="cite_ref-siol.net_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siol.net-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His son from his first marriage, Gorazd Pučnik, is the director of the Srečko Kosovel Boarding School in Trieste, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His stepson Marcus Pucnik is a journalist, based in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kultura, družba in tehnologija</i> (Culture, Society and Technology, 1988).</li> <li><i>K političnemu sistemu Republike Slovenije</i> (Towards a Political System of the Republic of Slovenia, 1990).</li> <li><i>Iz arhivov slovenske politične policije</i> (From the Archives of the Slovenian Political Police, 1996).</li> <li><i>Izbrano delo</i> (Selected Works, edited by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Urban%C4%8Di%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Urbančič">Ivan Urbančič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a> et al., 2003).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_Bu%C4%8Dar" title="France Bučar">France Bučar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovenian_National_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributions to the Slovenian National Program">Contributions to the Slovenian National Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Day_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Day War">Ten Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Politics of Slovenia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pogovori.drugisvet.com/2010/12/rosvita-pesek-pucnik-je-bil-motor-slovenskega-osamosvajanja/">Rosvita Pesek: Pučnik je bil motor slovenskega osamosvajanja</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725225110/http://pogovori.drugisvet.com/2010/12/rosvita-pesek-pucnik-je-bil-motor-slovenskega-osamosvajanja/">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pogvori drugisvet.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFManske2013" class="citation news cs1">Manske, Michael (3 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtvslo.si/news-in-english/slovenia-facts/ljubljana-airport-is-named-after-politician-pucnik/314896">"Ljubljana Airport Is Named after Politician Pučnik"</a>. <i>MMC RTV SLO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>seen as one of the fathers of independent Slovenia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMC+RTV+SLO&rft.atitle=Ljubljana+Airport+Is+Named+after+Politician+Pu%C4%8Dnik&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft.aulast=Manske&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtvslo.si%2Fnews-in-english%2Fslovenia-facts%2Fljubljana-airport-is-named-after-politician-pucnik%2F314896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValič_Zver2019" class="citation book cs1">Valič Zver, Andreja (2019). <i>Jože Pučnik : oče slovenske države = Father of the Slovenian State</i>. Ljubljana: Študijski center za narodno spravo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik+%3A+o%C4%8De+slovenske+dr%C5%BEave+%3D+Father+of+the+Slovenian+State&rft.place=Ljubljana&rft.pub=%C5%A0tudijski+center+za+narodno+spravo&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Vali%C4%8D+Zver&rft.aufirst=Andreja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200303/clanek/pucniknekrolog/">Jože Pučnik (1932–2003)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928073202/http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200303/clanek/pucniknekrolog/">Archived</a> 2011-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mladina.si ]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/intervju/dr-taras-kermauner/">Interview with Taras Kermauner on the Slovenian National TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411030937/http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/intervju/dr-taras-kermauner/">Archived</a> 2008-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/intervju/dr-taras-kermauner/">Odprti kop - Intervju: Dr. Taras Kermauner</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411030937/http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/intervju/dr-taras-kermauner/">Archived</a> 2008-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijpucnik.si/joze_pucnik">Inštitut Jožeta Pučnika => joze pucnik</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316065721/http://www.ijpucnik.si/joze_pucnik">Archived</a> 2008-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taras Kermauner, Skupinski portret z Dušanom Pirjevcem. 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Gorenjskiglas.si. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorenjskiglas.si/novice/politika/index.php?action=clanek&id=8103">the original</a> on 15 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Filternet.si. 16 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filternet.si/os/sole/osnovna-sola-dr-jozeta-pucnika-cresnjevec/355/mnenja">the original</a> on 17 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osnovna+%C5%A1ola+dr.+Jo%C5%BEeta+Pu%C4%8Dnika+%C4%8Cre%C5%A1njevec+-+mnenja+-Filternet.si%2C+uporabne+informacije+za+u%C4%8Dence%2C+dijake+in+%C5%A1tudente&rft.pub=Filternet.si&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filternet.si%2Fos%2Fsole%2Fosnovna-sola-dr-jozeta-pucnika-cresnjevec%2F355%2Fmnenja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232335/http://en.ijpucnik.si/">"The Joze Pucnik Institute"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ijpucnik.si/">the original</a> on 19 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Joze+Pucnik+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.ijpucnik.si%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Zver: Ponosen, da ena vidnejših dvoran v EP zdaj nosi ime po dr. Jožetu Pučniku: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eppgroup.eu/press-release/Dvorana-v-EP-poimenovana-po-dr.-Jožetu-Pučniku">http://www.eppgroup.eu/press-release/Dvorana-v-EP-poimenovana-po-dr.-Jožetu-Pučniku</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Zver: Dr. Jože Pučnik sedaj domuje tudi v Evropskem parlamentu:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eppgroup.eu/sl/press-release/Dr%3A-Zver%3A-Dr.-Jo%C5%BEe-Pu%C4%8Dnik-sedaj-domuje-tudi-v-EP">http://www.eppgroup.eu/sl/press-release/Dr%3A-Zver%3A-Dr.-Jo%C5%BEe-Pu%C4%8Dnik-sedaj-domuje-tudi-v-EP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629021901/http://www.eppgroup.eu/sl/press-release/Dr%3A-Zver%3A-Dr.-Jo%C5%BEe-Pu%C4%8Dnik-sedaj-domuje-tudi-v-EP">Archived</a> 2018-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTekst:_(sta)" class="citation web cs1">Tekst: (sta). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.si/novice/slovenija/1042227770">"Umrl je Ivan Pučnik, eden od ustanoviteljev SLS | Dnevnik"</a>. Dnevnik.si<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umrl+je+Ivan+Pu%C4%8Dnik%2C+eden+od+ustanoviteljev+SLS+%26%23124%3B+Dnevnik&rft.pub=Dnevnik.si&rft.au=Tekst%3A+%28sta%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnevnik.si%2Fnovice%2Fslovenija%2F1042227770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104211026/http://nl.ijs.si/fedora/get/sbl:4924/VIEW/">"Slovene Biographical Lexicon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.ijs.si/fedora/get/sbl:4924/VIEW/">the original</a> on 4 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovene+Biographical+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.ijs.si%2Ffedora%2Fget%2Fsbl%3A4924%2FVIEW%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/tinomamic/gorazdpu%C4%8Dnik">"gorazdpučnik - tinomamic"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siol.net/novice/slovenija/2014/01/joze_pucnik.aspx">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik+%E2%80%93+od+politi%C4%8Dnega+zapornika+do+o%C4%8Deta+slovenske+dr%C5%BEave+%26%23124%3B+Slovenija+-+Planet+Siol.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siol.net%2Fnovice%2Fslovenija%2F2014%2F01%2Fjoze_pucnik.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200906/gorazd_pucnik">"Gorazd Pučnik"</a>. Mladina.Si. 28 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gorazd+Pu%C4%8Dnik&rft.pub=Mladina.Si&rft.date=2021-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mladina.si%2Ftednik%2F200906%2Fgorazd_pucnik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804114850/http://www.cronicaglobal.com/es/autores/marcus-pucnik-026">"Marcus Pucnik"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cronicaglobal.com/es/autores/marcus-pucnik-026">the original</a> on 4 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marcus+Pucnik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cronicaglobal.com%2Fes%2Fautores%2Fmarcus-pucnik-026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJo%C5%BEe+Pu%C4%8Dnik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niko_Grafenauer" title="Niko Grafenauer">Niko Grafenauer</a>, "Beseda o Jožetu Pučniku" in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampak (page does not exist)">Ampak</a></i> 4(1) (January 2003), 10.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drago_Jan%C4%8Dar" title="Drago Jančar">Drago Jančar</a>, "Stvar Jožeta Pučnika" in <i>Konec tisočletja, račun stoletja</i> (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1999).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Komel" title="Dean Komel">Dean Komel</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isn.zrc-sazu.si/files/file/Traditiones/Traditiones_43_1_separati/125_pdfsam_TR_43_1_txtM_cropped.pdf">Personal Freedom, Culture, and Politics</a>" in <i>Traditiones</i> 43(1) (2014), 125–135, doi: 10.3986/Traditio2014430109.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C5%BEo_Repe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Božo Repe (page does not exist)">Božo Repe</a>, "Človek, ki je pospeševal in radikaliziral dogodke: Jože Pučnik" in <i><a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a></i> 45(14) (January 15, 2003), 6.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_%C5%A0eligo" title="Rudi Šeligo">Rudi Šeligo</a>, "Jože Pučnik: 1932–2003" in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampak (page does not exist)">Ampak</a></i> 4(1) (January 2003), 4–5.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Urban%C4%8Di%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Urbančič">Ivan Urbančič</a>, "Jože Pučnik 1932–2003" in <i><a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a></i>, 45(17) (January 22, 2003), 2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Zver" title="Milan Zver">Milan Zver</a> (ed.), <i>Pučnikova znanstvena in politična misel</i> (The Scientific and Political Thought of Jože Pučnik, editor; Ljubljana, 2004).</li> <li>Rosvita Pesek, "Pučnik", Celovec: Mohorjeva, 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232335/http://en.ijpucnik.si/">The Jože Pučnik Institute</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=France_Tom%C5%A1i%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Tomšič (page does not exist)">France Tomšič</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">President of the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia</a> </b><br />1990 – 1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000052272770">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6954809">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/284753/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJktw8g36qXqX3BQpjWkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048260194">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no91009809">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pučnik, Jože"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV275062">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js2014810306&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p152271112">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007281733305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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