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href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campuses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campuses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Danforth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danforth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Danforth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danforth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Medical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyson_Research_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyson_Research_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Tyson Research Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyson_Research_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Academics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Arts and Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Business </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_of_Design_and_Visual_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_of_Design_and_Visual_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 School of Design and Visual Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_of_Design_and_Visual_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McKelvey_School_of_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 McKelvey School of Engineering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McKelvey_School_of_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_of_Continuing_&_Professional_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_of_Continuing_&_Professional_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 School of Continuing & Professional Studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_of_Continuing_&_Professional_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_of_Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_of_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 School of Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_of_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Medicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_Work_and_Public_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_Work_and_Public_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Social Work and Public Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Work_and_Public_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_dental_school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_dental_school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Former dental school </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_dental_school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Rankings and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Research </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Research subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-McDonnell_International_Scholars_Academy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McDonnell_International_Scholars_Academy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 McDonnell International Scholars Academy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McDonnell_International_Scholars_Academy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Library system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Campus life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campus life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campus_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Student body </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Student organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Greek life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Residences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Student media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Athletics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Alumni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Faculty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Washington University in St. Louis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="جامعة واشنطن في سانت لويس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة واشنطن في سانت لويس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent-Luis_Va%C5%9Finqton_Universiteti" title="Sent-Luis Vaşinqton Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sent-Luis Vaşinqton Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="واشینقتون در سن‌لوئیس بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="واشینقتون در سن‌لوئیس بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8" title="ওয়াশিংটন ইউনিভার্সিটি ইন সেন্ট লুইস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়াশিংটন ইউনিভার্সিটি ইন সেন্ট লুইস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6._%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сент-Луіскі ўніверсітэт імя Дж. Вашынгтона – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сент-Луіскі ўніверсітэт імя Дж. Вашынгтона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_Washington_a_Saint_Louis" title="Universitat Washington a Saint Louis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat Washington a Saint Louis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Washington_en_San_Luis" title="Universidad Washington en San Luis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Washington en San Luis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%9Dingtona_Universitato_%C4%89e_Sankt-Luizo" title="Vaŝingtona Universitato ĉe Sankt-Luizo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaŝingtona Universitato ĉe Sankt-Luizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtongo_Unibertsitatea_Saint_Louisen" title="Washingtongo Unibertsitatea Saint Louisen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Washingtongo Unibertsitatea Saint Louisen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="دانشگاه واشینگتن در سنت لوئیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه واشینگتن در سنت لوئیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Washington_de_Saint-Louis" title="Université Washington de Saint-Louis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université Washington de Saint-Louis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Washington_in_St._Louis" title="Ollscoil Washington in St. Louis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Washington in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90_%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="워싱턴 대학교 세인트루이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워싱턴 대학교 세인트루이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="वाशिंगटन विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाशिंगटन विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Washington_di_St._Louis" title="Universitas Washington di St. Louis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Washington di St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li_%C3%AD_St._Louis" title="Washington-háskóli í St. Louis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Washington-háskóli í St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Washington_a_Saint_Louis" title="Università Washington a Saint Louis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università Washington a Saint Louis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אוניברסיטת וושינגטון בסנט לואיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת וושינגטון בסנט לואיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ingtona_universit%C4%81te_Sentluis%C4%81" title="Vašingtona universitāte Sentluisā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vašingtona universitāte Sentluisā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="جامعة واشينطون فى سانت لويس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة واشينطون فى سانت لويس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington-universiteit_te_Saint_Louis" title="Washington-universiteit te Saint Louis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Washington-universiteit te Saint Louis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="セントルイス・ワシントン大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セントルイス・ワシントン大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="واشنگٹن یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="واشنگٹن یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Washington_em_St._Louis" title="Universidade Washington em St. Louis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Washington em St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Университет Вашингтона в Сент-Луисе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Вашингтона в Сент-Луисе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonova_univerza_v_St._Louisu" title="Washingtonova univerza v St. Louisu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Washingtonova univerza v St. Louisu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83" title="Вашингтонски универзитет у Сент Луису – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вашингтонски универзитет у Сент Луису" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Washington University in St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_Washington_sa_St._Louis" title="Pamantasang Washington sa St. Louis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang Washington sa St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="มหาวิทยาลัยวอชิงตัน เซนต์หลุยส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยวอชิงตัน เซนต์หลุยส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_%C3%9Cniversitesi,_St._Louis" title="Washington Üniversitesi, St. Louis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Washington Üniversitesi, St. Louis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D1%81%D1%96" title="Вашингтонський університет у Сент-Луїсі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вашингтонський університет у Сент-Луїсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="سینٹ لوئس میں واشنگٹن یونیورسٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ لوئس میں واشنگٹن یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&params=38.648_N_90.305_W_region:US-MO_type:edu">38°38′53″N 90°18′18″W / 38.648°N 90.305°W / 38.648; -90.305</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private university in St. Louis, Missouri, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote 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For the university in Washington state, see <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Washington University in St. Louis</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg/170px-WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg/255px-WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg/340px-WashU_St._Louis_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Eliot Seminary (1853–1854)</li> <li>Washington Institute (1854–1856)</li> <li>Washington University (1856–1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Per veritatem vis (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Strength through truth"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">February 22, 1853; 172 years ago (1853-02-22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Learning_Commission" title="Higher Learning Commission">HLC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_on_Financing_Higher_Education" title="Consortium on Financing Higher Education">COFHE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_International_Scholars_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell International Scholars Academy">MISA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities">NAICU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Associated_Universities" title="Oak Ridge Associated Universities">ORAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$11.5 billion (FY23)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Martin" title="Andrew D. Martin">Andrew D. Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Wendland" title="Beverly Wendland">Beverly Wendland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,415 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16,832 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Total staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">21,247 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">17,012 (fall 2022)<a href="#cite_note-enrollment-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,132 (fall 2022)<a href="#cite_note-enrollment-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,880 (fall 2022)<a href="#cite_note-enrollment-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&params=38.648_N_90.305_W_region:US-MO_type:edu">38°38′53″N 90°18′18″W / 38.648°N 90.305°W / 38.648; -90.305</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Large suburb<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>, 355 acres (1.44 km2) <a href="/wiki/Tyson_Research_Center" title="Tyson Research Center">Tyson Research Center</a>, 1,966.5 acres (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha)<a href="#cite_note-FACTS_2009-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Tyson_Research_Center-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Student_Life_(newspaper)" title="Student Life (newspaper)">Student Life</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Red and green<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Bears</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> – <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">UAA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/College_Conference_of_Illinois_and_Wisconsin" title="College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin">CCIW</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Bear</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washu.edu/">washu.edu</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777403#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg/220px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg/330px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg/440px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="55" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous System Number">ASN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/2552">2552</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777403#P3797" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> Washington University in St. Louis (WashU) is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, the university is named after <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Washington University comprises eight undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Sciences_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis">Arts and Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Brown_School_of_Social_Work" title="George Warren Brown School of Social Work">George Warren Brown School of Social Work</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" title="McKelvey School of Engineering">McKelvey School of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">Washington University School of Law</a>, School of Continuing & Professional Studies, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox_School_of_Design_%26_Visual_Arts" title="Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts">Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts</a>. Washington University enrolls approximately 16,500 students across its campuses from all 50 states and more than 110 countries. Washington University has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> since 1923 and is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-9">[9]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> ranked Washington University 25th among academic institutions in the United States for <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-:8-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-11">[11]</a> The university's athletic teams, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Washington University Bears</a>, play in <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> as a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a>. As of 2023, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty">26 Nobel laureates</a>, 11 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners, 4 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">United States Poet Laureates</a>, and 6 <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Fellows</a> have been affiliated with the university as faculty or alumni.<a href="#cite_note-:6-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rooney-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_alumni" title="List of Washington University alumni">Washington University alumni</a> also include 16 university presidents, 21 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, 30 <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholars</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Scholarship" title="Churchill Scholarship">Churchill Scholars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WGEliot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/WGEliot.jpg/220px-WGEliot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/WGEliot.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Greenleaf_Eliot" title="William Greenleaf Eliot">William Greenleaf Eliot</a>, first president of the board of trustees</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_manual_training_school,_comprising_a_full_statement_of_its_aims,_methods,_and_results,_with_figured_drawings_of_shop_exercises_in_woods_and_metals_(1906)_(14596307140).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_manual_training_school%2C_comprising_a_full_statement_of_its_aims%2C_methods%2C_and_results%2C_with_figured_drawings_of_shop_exercises_in_woods_and_metals_%281906%29_%2814596307140%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_manual_training_school%2C_comprising_a_full_statement_of_its_aims%2C_methods%2C_and_results%2C_with_figured_drawings_of_shop_exercises_in_woods_and_metals_%281906%29_%2814596307140%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_manual_training_school%2C_comprising_a_full_statement_of_its_aims%2C_methods%2C_and_results%2C_with_figured_drawings_of_shop_exercises_in_woods_and_metals_%281906%29_%2814596307140%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>Washington University Manual Training School</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WUFranGat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/WUFranGat.JPG/220px-WUFranGat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/WUFranGat.JPG/330px-WUFranGat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/WUFranGat.JPG/440px-WUFranGat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Washington University crest at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_(Brookings_Hall,_Washington_University)_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg/220px-1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg/330px-1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg/440px-1904_World%27s_Fair_Administration_Building_%28Brookings_Hall%2C_Washington_University%29_seen_from_the_southeast_with_the_Italian_Pavilion_in_the_foreground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3313" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Hall" title="Brookings Hall">Brookings Hall</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1904_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 World's Fair">1904 World's Fair</a></figcaption></figure> Washington University was conceived by 17 St. Louis business, political, and religious leaders concerned by the lack of institutions of <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">higher learning</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Missouri state senator <a href="/wiki/Wayman_Crow" title="Wayman Crow">Wayman Crow</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Unitarian_Association" title="American Unitarian Association">Unitarian</a> minister <a href="/wiki/William_Greenleaf_Eliot" title="William Greenleaf Eliot">William Greenleaf Eliot</a>, grandfather of the poet <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, led the effort. The university's first chancellor was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gibson_Hoyt" title="Joseph Gibson Hoyt">Joseph Gibson Hoyt</a>. Crow secured the university charter from the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri General Assembly</a> in 1853, and Eliot was named president of the board of trustees. Early on, Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community, including <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Fallon" title="John O'Fallon">John O'Fallon</a>, but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment. Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment. The institution had no backing of a religious organization, single wealthy patron, or earmarked government support. To this day, Washington University is controlled by a board of trustees that, by charter, appoints its own members.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> During the three years following its inception, the university had three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary", but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university.<a href="#cite_note-founding-19">[19]</a> Under pressure from Eliot, the board of trustees created a task force charged with naming the university, headed by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Treat" title="Samuel Treat">Samuel Treat</a>. Several months later Treat's committee proposed naming the university the Washington Institute, after the nation's first president <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. In 1854, the board of trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and because the charter was coincidentally passed on Washington's birthday, February 22.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Naming the university after the nation's first president, only seven years before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The board believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the university amended its name to "Washington University". <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_S._Brookings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_S._Brookings.jpg/220px-Robert_S._Brookings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_S._Brookings.jpg/330px-Robert_S._Brookings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_S._Brookings.jpg/440px-Robert_S._Brookings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3605" data-file-height="5048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Brookings" title="Robert S. Brookings">Robert S. Brookings</a></figcaption></figure> Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. At first the university paid for the evening classes, but as their popularity grew, their funding was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Public_Schools" title="St. Louis Public Schools">St. Louis Public Schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings. Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Institute">Mary Institute</a>. In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">law school</a> west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the university, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a>. However, by the 1890s the university was on the brink of financial collapse until <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Brookings" title="Robert S. Brookings">Robert Sommers Brookings</a>, president of the board of trustees, undertook the task of rebuilding the university's finances and acquiring land for a new campus. Brookings was instrumental in raising money for the university, since Eliot, the primary fundraiser for the university, had died. In 1896, Holmes Smith, professor of Drawing and History of Art, designed what became the basis for the modern-day university seal. The seal is made up of elements from the Washington family coat of arms and the symbol of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>, whom the city is named after.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the medical school and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the university began to move west. The university board of directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm <a href="/wiki/Olmsted_Brothers" title="Olmsted Brothers">Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot</a> of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ware_Eliot" title="Henry Ware Eliot">Henry Ware Eliot</a>, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond <a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(St._Louis)" title="Forest Park (St. Louis)">Forest Park</a>, located west of the city limits in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County</a>. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a> and inspired the nickname of "Hilltop" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Danforth" title="William Henry Danforth">William H. Danforth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The renowned Philadelphia firm <a href="/wiki/Cope_%26_Stewardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Cope & Stewardson">Cope & Stewardson</a> (the same architects who designed a large part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>) won unanimously with its plan for a row of <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> quadrangles inspired by <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> Universities.<a href="#cite_note-Architecture_of_Danforth_Campus-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG/220px-WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG/330px-WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG/440px-WashU_Graham_Chapel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Graham Chapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WUBrook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WUBrook.JPG/220px-WUBrook.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WUBrook.JPG/330px-WUBrook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WUBrook.JPG/440px-WUBrook.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Hall" title="Brookings Hall">Brookings Hall</a></figcaption></figure> The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Hall" title="Brookings Hall">Brookings Hall</a>, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The university delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the <a href="/wiki/1904_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 World's Fair">1904 World's Fair</a> and <a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 Summer Olympics</a>, which allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope and Stewardson's original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-Architecture_of_Danforth_Campus-25">[25]</a> By 1915, construction of a new medical complex was completed on Kings Highway in what is now St. Louis's Central West End. In 1918, Washington University admitted its first women medical students.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> at Washington University was used to produce small quantities of the newly discovered element <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> via <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> bombardment of <a href="/wiki/Uranyl_nitrate" title="Uranyl nitrate">uranium nitrate hexahydrate</a>. The plutonium produced there in 1942 was shipped to the <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Metallurgical Laboratory</a> Compton had established at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> where <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a>'s team used it for extraction, purification, and characterization studies of the exotic substance.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Holly_Compton-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> After working for 22 years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships. Under Compton's leadership, enrollment at the university grew dramatically, fueled primarily by World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The desegregation of Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The university ended racial segregation in its undergraduate divisions in 1952, making it the last local higher education institution to do so. During the 1940s, the university faced criticism from the local African American media, which included a letter-writing campaign by churches, the local Urban League, and legal briefs by the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, seeking to strip the university of its tax-exempt status. In 1949, a student group, the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes (SCAN), was founded and began advocating for full racial integration. In 1951, then-vice chancellor Leslie Buchan argued that full desegregation would isolate the university from the community and potentially lead to incidents on campus.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The following year, in May 1952, the board of trustees passed a resolution desegregating the university's undergraduate divisions.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a commuter college to a world-renowned institution.<a href="#cite_note-:12-34">[34]</a> In 1957, planning began for the construction of the "South 40", a complex of modern residential halls which primarily house freshmen and some sophomore students.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[35]</a> With additional on-campus housing, the university, which had been predominantly attended by commuter students, began attracting a greater number of applicants from across the nation.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> By 1964, over two-thirds of incoming students came from outside the St. Louis area.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In 1971, the board of trustees appointed Chancellor <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Danforth" title="William Henry Danforth">William Henry Danforth</a>, who guided the university through the social and financial crises of the 1970s, strengthened the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a>, and improved the often tense ties between the university and the St. Louis community. During his 24-year chancellorship, he established 70 new endowed professorships, constructed dozens of buildings, secured a $1.72 billion endowment, and tripled the amount of student scholarships.<a href="#cite_note-:12-34">[34]</a> To better distinguish itself in national media, the university's <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">board of trustees</a> added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-george-38">[38]</a> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Wrighton" title="Mark S. Wrighton">Mark S. Wrighton</a>, former provost at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, was elected the university's 14th chancellor.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> During Chancellor Wrighton's tenure undergraduate applications to Washington University more than doubled. Since 1995, the university has added more than 190 endowed professorships, revamped its Arts & Sciences curriculum, and completed more than 30 new buildings.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg/220px-WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg/330px-WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg/440px-WUSTL_Danforth_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Danforth_Campus" title="Danforth Campus">Danforth Campus</a> buildings</figcaption></figure> Washington University's reputation was enhanced by two major fundraising efforts since the 1980s. From 1983 to 1987, the "Alliance for Washington University" campaign raised $630.5 million, which was then the most successful fund-raising effort in national history.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> From 1998 to 2004, the "Campaign for Washington University" raised $1.55 billion, which was applied to additional scholarships, professorships, and research initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, Washington University co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Cortex_Innovation_Community" title="Cortex Innovation Community">Cortex Innovation Community</a> in St. Louis's <a href="/wiki/Midtown_St._Louis" title="Midtown St. Louis">Midtown neighborhood</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cortex_Innovation_Community" title="Cortex Innovation Community">Cortex</a> is the largest innovation hub in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">midwest</a>, home to offices of <a href="/wiki/Square,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Square, Inc.">Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aon_(company)" title="Aon (company)">Aon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Centene" class="mw-redirect" title="Centene">Centene</a>. The innovation hub has generated more than 3,800 tech jobs in 14 years.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2005, Washington University founded the McDonnell International Scholars Academy, an international network of premier research universities, with an initial endowment gift of $10 million from <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell_(businessman)" title="John McDonnell (businessman)">John F. McDonnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The academy, which selects scholars from 35 partnered universities around the world, was created to develop a cohort of future leaders, strengthen ties with top foreign universities, and promote global awareness and social responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In Fall 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Metro_(St._Louis_transit_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro (St. Louis transit bus)">St. Louis Metro</a> opened the Cross–County extension of its <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_MetroLink" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis MetroLink">MetroLink</a> system. Three of the nine new stations directly serve the university (<a href="/wiki/Skinker_(St._Louis_MetroLink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skinker (St. Louis MetroLink)">Skinker</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_City-Big_Bend_(St._Louis_MetroLink)" class="mw-redirect" title="University City-Big Bend (St. Louis MetroLink)">University City-Big Bend</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_(St._Louis_MetroLink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forsyth (St. Louis MetroLink)">Forsyth</a>). On July 1, 2006, the university began offering free Metro passes—the U Pass—to all full-time students, benefits-eligible faculty and staff, and full-time employees of qualified service providers.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In June 2019, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Martin" title="Andrew D. Martin">Andrew D. Martin</a>, former dean of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_College_of_Literature,_Science,_and_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts">College of Literature, Science, and the Arts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, was elected the university's 15th chancellor.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On the day of his inauguration, Martin announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program allowing full-time Missouri and southern <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> students who are Pell Grant-eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less to attend the university cost-free.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In October 2021, Washington University announced it would invest an additional $1 billion in financial aid for students.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The university practices <a href="/wiki/Need-blind_admission" title="Need-blind admission">need-blind admissions</a> and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[54]</a> The new financial aid initiative, called Gateway to Success, included $800 million in endowed funding to support need-blind undergraduate admissions, meaning the university will not consider an applicant's financial situation when making admissions decisions while still meeting 100% of demonstrated financial need for admitted undergraduates.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Another $200 million will be designated for financial aid for graduate and professional students in the university's Brown School, the School of Law and the School of Medicine, as well as in business, engineering, art and architecture, and Arts & Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[54]</a> In 2022, Washington University was one of 10 universities picked to join the Kessler Scholars Collaborative, which provides support for selected first-generation and Pell-Grant eligible STEM students.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The program aims to recruit 20 fully funded Kessler scholars per year and provide additional opportunities to close the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth gap">wealth gap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Also, in 2022, Washington University developed a needle-free nasal vaccine to combat COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In March 2024, Washington University agreed to purchase the campus of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Fontbonne_University" title="Fontbonne University">Fontbonne University</a> when it closes in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In April 2024, Washington University administrators called the police on a pro-Palestinian demonstration and encampment, resulting in more than 80 arrests.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Those arrested included <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> and the president of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen" title="St. Louis Board of Aldermen">St. Louis Board of Aldermen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> A local professor's ribs and hand were broken during his arrest, leading to his hospitalization.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In August 2024, the university rebranded, officially adopting the name "WashU" for marketing and communications, but not formal use, phasing out the use of other names such as "WUSTL," "Washington University," and "WU."<a href="#cite_note-:15-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> These changes were made citing ongoing efforts to form a more cohesive brand, attain name recognition on par with peer institutions, and reduce confusion with similarly-named universities as well as those in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> or <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._presidential_and_vice-presidential_debates">U.S. presidential and vice-presidential debates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: U.S. presidential and vice-presidential debates">edit</a>]</div> Washington University has been selected by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Presidential_Debates" title="Commission on Presidential Debates">Commission on Presidential Debates</a> to host more presidential and vice presidential debates than any other institution in history.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wustldebate08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wustldebate08.JPG/220px-Wustldebate08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wustldebate08.JPG/330px-Wustldebate08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wustldebate08.JPG/440px-Wustldebate08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2008_Vice_Presidential_Debate" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Vice Presidential Debate">2008 Vice Presidential Debate</a> at the Washington University Field House</figcaption></figure>The campus was the venue for four presidential debates, and one vice-presidential debate: the inaugural <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 presidential debate</a> on October 11, 1992,<a href="#cite_note-:10-66">[66]</a> the third <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 Presidential debate</a> on October 17,<a href="#cite_note-:10-66">[66]</a> the second <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 Presidential debate</a> on October 8,<a href="#cite_note-:10-66">[66]</a> the sole <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">2008 Vice Presidential debate</a> between <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> on October 2,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and the second <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 Presidential debate</a> on October 9. The university was scheduled to host a debate in 1996, but that debate was cancelled when the number of scheduled debates was scaled back to two.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Following the 2004 debate, Chancellor Wrighton initially expressed skepticism about hosting another debate but later changed his view.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He acknowledged the unique educational opportunities for students and emphasized the role of these events in contributing to a national understanding of important issues. Wrighton also highlighted their impact in bringing national and international attention to the St. Louis region, positioning it as one of America's great metropolitan areas.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Contrary to the majority opinion of the student body, the university opted not to host a 2020 presidential debate.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Campuses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danforth">Danforth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Danforth">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Danforth_Campus" title="Danforth Campus">Danforth Campus</a></div> The university's 169-acre Danforth Campus is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(St._Louis)" title="Forest Park (St. Louis)">Forest Park</a> section of St. Louis and <a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_City,_Missouri" title="University City, Missouri">University City, Missouri</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg/220px-Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg/330px-Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg/440px-Gfp-missouri-st-louis-looking-at-danforth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>View of Danforth Campus</figcaption></figure>A large portion of the Danforth Campus is recognized as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Hilltop_Campus_Historic_District" title="Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District">Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District</a>, which achieved <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> status on February 27, 1987.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Barry_Flanagan" title="Barry Flanagan">Barry Flanagan</a> bronze statue, "<a href="/wiki/Thinker_on_a_Rock" title="Thinker on a Rock">Thinker on a Rock</a>," widely known, simply, as "The Bunny", is currently on permanent loan to Washington University and features prominently near Olin Library, Graham Chapel and Mallinckrodt. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement">Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement">edit</a>]</div> Founded with a major gift from former U.S. congressman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gephardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Gephardt">Richard Gephardt</a>. Major activities of the Gephardt Institute include the hosting of speakers series, internship and career placement services, granting of money to faculty and students for community-based teaching and learning, supporting co-curricular activities with the community service office, and a summer stipend program, where the university financially supports students who take uncompensated internships in the field of public service. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum">Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum" title="Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum">Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif/lossy-page1-199px-Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif/lossy-page1-299px-Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif/lossy-page1-398px-Eliasson_Your_Imploded_View.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5436" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</figcaption></figure>The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The collection includes works from 19th-, 20th-, and 21st-century American and European artists, including <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Thomas Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Boltanski" title="Christian Boltanski">Christian Boltanski</a>. Also in the complex is the 3,000 sq ft (300 m2) Newman Money Museum exhibiting the collection of American <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatist</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_P._Newman" title="Eric P. Newman">Eric P. Newman</a>. In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member <a href="/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a>. The Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall, which was Maki's first commission in 1959. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical">Medical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medical">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg/220px-JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg/330px-JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg/440px-JeffersonLake_BJC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Medical_Center" title="Washington University Medical Center">Washington University Medical Center</a> as seen from <a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(St._Louis)" title="Forest Park (St. Louis)">Forest Park</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Medical_Center" title="Washington University Medical Center">Washington University Medical Center</a> comprises 186 acres (75.3 ha) spread over 18 city blocks, located along the eastern edge of <a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(St._Louis)" title="Forest Park (St. Louis)">Forest Park</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Central_West_End,_St._Louis" title="Central West End, St. Louis">Central West End</a> neighborhood of St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The campus is home to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a> and its associated teaching hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Barnes-Jewish_Hospital" title="Barnes-Jewish Hospital">Barnes-Jewish Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Children%27s_Hospital" title="St. Louis Children's Hospital">St. Louis Children's Hospital</a>. Many of the buildings are connected via a series of <a href="/wiki/Skyway" title="Skyway">skyways</a> and corridors. The school's 2,100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also serve as the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, which are part of BJC HealthCare. Washington University and BJC have taken on many joint venture projects, such as the Center for Advanced Medicine, completed in December 2001. In 2019, Washington University was awarded a $7.6 million grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> to create the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control to address disparities in cancer care in parts of Missouri and Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 2022, Washington University's Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences was awarded a five-year $61 million grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Advancing_Translational_Sciences" title="National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences">National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>, to focus on precision medicine, health equity, and diversity.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyson_Research_Center">Tyson Research Center</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tyson Research Center">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tyson_Research_Center" title="Tyson Research Center">Tyson Research Center</a></div> Tyson Research Center is a 1,966.5-acre (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha) field station located west of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Meramec_River" title="Meramec River">Meramec River</a>. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the university as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010, the Living Learning Center was named one of the first two buildings accredited nationwide as a "living building" under the Living Building Challenge,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> opened to serve as a biological research station and classroom for summer students. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the <a href="/wiki/Delmar_Loop" title="Delmar Loop">Delmar Loop</a>. The university acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Several university administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officer Training Corps">Army ROTC</a>, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing Arts</a> Department. The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in <a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton, Missouri</a>, and primarily consists of a four-story former <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the <a href="/wiki/Famous-Barr" title="Famous-Barr">Famous-Barr</a> department store until 1990, when the university acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of university advancement, and <a href="/wiki/Information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Information systems">information systems</a> offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Music_rehearsal_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Music rehearsal room">music rehearsal room</a> on the second floor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">College/School founding </th></tr> <tr> <td>College/School</td> <td>Year founded </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Sciences_at_Washington_University#College_of_Arts_&_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Sciences at Washington University">College of Arts & Sciences</a></td> <td>1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" title="McKelvey School of Engineering">James McKelvey School of Engineering</a></td> <td>1854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">School of Law</a></td> <td>1867 </td></tr> <tr> <td>College of Art</td> <td>1879 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a></td> <td>1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>College of Architecture</td> <td>1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a></td> <td>1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Sciences_at_Washington_University#Graduate_School_of_Arts_&_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Sciences at Washington University">Graduate School of Arts & Sciences</a></td> <td>1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Brown_School_of_Social_Work" title="George Warren Brown School of Social Work">George Warren Brown School of Social Work</a></td> <td>1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td>School of Continuing & Professional Studies</td> <td>1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox_School_of_Design_%26_Visual_Arts" title="Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts">Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts</a></td> <td>2005 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_Sciences">Arts and Sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Arts and Sciences">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Sciences_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis">Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holmes_Lounge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holmes_Lounge.jpg/220px-Holmes_Lounge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holmes_Lounge.jpg/330px-Holmes_Lounge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holmes_Lounge.jpg/440px-Holmes_Lounge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Holmes Lounge, the central reading room on campus, where students may study</figcaption></figure> Arts & Sciences is home to the College of Arts & Sciences as well as graduate programs across its many departments. The College of Arts & Sciences is the central undergraduate unit of the university with 330 tenured and <a href="/wiki/Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">tenure-track</a> faculty along with over 100 research scientists, lecturers, <a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">artists-in-residence</a>, and visitors serving more than 3,700 undergraduates in 40 academic departments divided into divisions of Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">Social sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">Natural sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a>. The College of Arts & Sciences has an average class size of 18 students, with over 80% having fewer than 24. Almost one-half of the undergraduate classes have fewer than 10 students. The student-faculty ratio is 7:1.<a href="#cite_note-Facts-2">[2]</a> The College of Arts & Sciences offers courses in over a dozen languages, including Arabic, Hebrew, Spanish, German, French, Swahili, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Greek, Italian, Hindi, Portuguese, and Latin. The School of Continuing & Professional Studies in Arts & Sciences also offers course work in Swedish, Vietnamese, Irish, and Czech. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Business">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a></div>Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a> was named after entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin" title="John M. Olin">John M. Olin</a> in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), Master of Science programs, Master of Accounting, Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program, and doctoral programs, as well as non-degree <a href="/wiki/Executive_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Education">Executive Education</a>. In 2002, an <a href="/wiki/Executive_MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive MBA">Executive MBA</a> program was established in Shanghai, in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olin_Business_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olin_Business_School.jpg/220px-Olin_Business_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olin_Business_School.jpg/330px-Olin_Business_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olin_Business_School.jpg/440px-Olin_Business_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Simon Hall is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a>.</figcaption></figure> Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 2004, the school's endowment increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Knight" title="Charles F. Knight">Charles F. Knight</a> and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation. The two buildings are joined by a three-story-high atrium and include spaces for lectures, faculty offices, and classrooms. Undergraduate BSBA students take 40–60% of their courses within the business school. Students may also take elective courses from other disciplines at Washington University, including law and many other fields. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_of_Design_and_Visual_Arts">School of Design and Visual Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: School of Design and Visual Arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox_School_of_Design_%26_Visual_Arts" title="Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts">Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg/220px-Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg/330px-Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg/440px-Kemper_Art_Museum_at_Wash_U.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</figcaption></figure> The Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts was founded in 2006, merging the existing academic units of Architecture and Art with the university's museum. The school comprises <ul><li>College of Architecture</li> <li>Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design</li> <li>College of Art</li> <li>Graduate School of Art</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum" title="Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum">Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</a>, considered one of the most distinguished university art collections in the country<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li></ul> In October 2006 the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum moved into new facilities designed by <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Prize">Pritzker Prize</a>-winning architect, and former faculty member, <a href="/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The art museum was first established in 1881 and was the first art museum west of the Mississippi River. It houses most of the university's art and sculpture collections, including pieces by <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Holzer" title="Jenny Holzer">Jenny Holzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt van Rijn">Rembrandt van Rijn</a>, among others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McKelvey_School_of_Engineering">McKelvey School of Engineering</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: McKelvey School of Engineering">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" title="McKelvey School of Engineering">McKelvey School of Engineering</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/172px-Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/259px-Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/345px-Cupples_I_Building_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Cupples Hall</figcaption></figure> With approximately $27 million in annual research awards, the school focuses intellectual efforts on medicine and health, energy and environment, entrepreneurship, and security. On January 31, 2019, the School of Engineering & Applied Science was renamed to the James McKelvey School of Engineering.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> This renaming honored trustee and distinguished alumnus <a href="/wiki/Jim_McKelvey" title="Jim McKelvey">Jim McKelvey Jr</a>., the co-founder of Square, following his substantial donation.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_of_Continuing_&_Professional_Studies">School of Continuing & Professional Studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: School of Continuing & Professional Studies">edit</a>]</div> In June 2023, Washington University announced its renamed and revamped University College as the School of Continuing & Professional Studies (CAPS).<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a> CAPS was established to focus on <a href="/wiki/Adult_learner" title="Adult learner">adult learners</a> with a focus on rapidly growing and high paying fields like data analytics, education, healthcare, and management.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a> The pre-nursing program was developed in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Goldfarb_School_of_Nursing_at_Barnes-Jewish_College" title="Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College">Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_of_Law">School of Law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: School of Law">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">Washington University School of Law</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashUABhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WashUABhall.jpg/220px-WashUABhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WashUABhall.jpg/330px-WashUABhall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WashUABhall.jpg/440px-WashUABhall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2185" /></a><figcaption>Anheuser Busch Hall, home to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">School of Law</a></figcaption></figure>Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers LLM programs, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Doctoris (JD). The <a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">law school</a> offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 credit hours of coursework for the JD. The law school offers a <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time</a> day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a> Hall (opened in 1997). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Medicine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg/220px-Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg/330px-Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg/440px-Washington_University_School_of_Medicine2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a> was established in 1891. In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings of U.S. medical schools, it was ranked sixth for research<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and tied for 31st for <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Genome_Institute" title="McDonnell Genome Institute">McDonnell Genome Institute</a> (directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_K._Wilson" title="Richard K. Wilson">Richard K. Wilson</a>) is housed within the Washington University School of Medicine; it is one of three <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a>-funded major <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">DNA sequencing</a> centers in the U.S. and played a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 2022, the Washington University School of Medicine ranked third among U.S. medical schools in terms of NIH funding received.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The medical school partners with <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Children%27s_Hospital" title="St. Louis Children's Hospital">St. Louis Children's Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barnes-Jewish_Hospital" title="Barnes-Jewish Hospital">Barnes-Jewish Hospital</a>, where all physicians are members of the school's faculty. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Work_and_Public_Health">Social Work and Public Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Social Work and Public Health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Brown_School_of_Social_Work" title="George Warren Brown School of Social Work">George Warren Brown School of Social Work</a></div> With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the <a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Brown_School_of_Social_Work" title="George Warren Brown School of Social Work">George Warren Brown School of Social Work</a> was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Social_Work" title="Master of Social Work">Master of Social Work</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Public Health">Master of Public Health</a>, a PhD programs. The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Shoe_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Shoe Company">Brown Shoe Company</a>. The school was the first in the country to have a building for the purpose of social work education, and it is also a founding member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_dental_school">Former dental school</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Former dental school">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Dental Medicine">Washington University School of Dental Medicine</a></div> Established as the Missouri Dental College in 1866, the Washington University School of Dental Medicine was the first dental school west of the Mississippi River<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and the sixth dental school in the United States. The school closed in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges">Forbes</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-96">[96]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">30</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-97">[97]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">21 (tie)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings">Washington Monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-98">[98]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">27</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">WSJ</a>/College Pulse<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-99">[99]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">26</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-100">[100]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">23</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-101">[101]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">176 (tie)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-102">[102]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">68</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-103">[103]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">30</td></tr></tbody></table>Washington University is ranked 21st in the nation in the 2024 <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> National Universities ranking,<a href="#cite_note-USNWR-104">[104]</a> and 11th by <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in their 2018 rankings.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The university is ranked 25th in the world for 2019 by the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Undergraduate admission to Washington University is characterized by the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> as "most selective".<a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a>, in its 2020 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The acceptance rate for the class of 2026 (those entering in the fall of 2022) was 11.3%, with students selected from more than 33,000 applications. Of students admitted, 91 percent were in the top 10 percent of their class.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SeigleHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SeigleHall.jpg/220px-SeigleHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SeigleHall.jpg/330px-SeigleHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SeigleHall.jpg/440px-SeigleHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Seigle Hall, shared by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">School of Law</a> and the College of Arts and Sciences</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a> ranked Washington University first for Best College Dorms and third for Best College Food, Best-Run Colleges, and Best Financial Aid in its 2020 edition.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In its 2022 edition, Princeton Review also ranked Washington University as number 2 for "Top Entrepreneurship Under Ten Thousand Students", #1 for "Top Midwest Entreprenuerships", as a "Colleges That Create Futures" and of having a great quality of life.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Niche_(company)" title="Niche (company)">Niche</a> listed the university as the best college for <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and the second-best college campus and college dorms in the United States in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a> was ranked sixth for research by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> in 2020 and has been listed among the top ten medical schools since the rankings were first published in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-auto-113">[113]</a> Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a> as tied for first place.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> ranked Washington University sixth in the world for <a href="/wiki/Anatomy_and_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomy and physiology">anatomy and physiology</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In January 2020, <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a> was named the Poets&Quants <a href="/wiki/MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA">MBA</a> Program of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:0-117">[117]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Undergraduate admissions statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="position:relative;">2020 entering class<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>Change vs. 2015<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></div><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admit rate</th><td class="infobox-data">10.0% <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> −0.7)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">Yield rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40.2% <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> +5.1)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Test scores <a href="/wiki/Interquartile_range" title="Interquartile range">middle 50%</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> Total</th><td class="infobox-data">1480-1560 <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> +5 median)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> Composite</th><td class="infobox-data">33–35 <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> +2.5 median)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table>Washington University was named one of the "25 New <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivies</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> in 2006<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and has also been called a <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Ivies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidden Ivies">"Hidden Ivy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg/220px-WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg/330px-WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg/440px-WashU_Danforth_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3899" data-file-height="2924" /></a><figcaption>Eads Hall</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/220px-Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/330px-Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/440px-Ridgley_Hall_-_West_Brookings_Quadrangle_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ridgley Hall</figcaption></figure> A 2014 study ranked Washington University #1 in the country for income inequality<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> About 22% of Washington University's students came from the top 1%, while only about 6% came from the bottom 60%.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In response to backlash about these facts, university administration announced plans to increase the number of Pell-eligible recipients on campus from 6% to 13% by 2020<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The university achieved that goal three years early, and as of 2022, 19.9% of undergraduate students were eligible for Pell Grants, representing a 300% increase since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In October 2019, then newly inaugurated Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Martin" title="Andrew D. Martin">Andrew D. Martin</a> announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program that provides a free undergraduate education to all full-time Missouri and Southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The American Talent Initiative found Washington University had the highest Pell growth rate among 130 major universities between the 2015–16 and 2019–20 academic years.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <table class="toccolours" style="margin-left:1em; line-height:1.4em; width:260px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">School Rankings </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ranking</td> <td># </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> (Medicine)</td> <td>6<a href="#cite_note-auto-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. News & World Report (Law)</td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. News & World Report (MBA)</td> <td>30<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. News & World Report (Social Work)</td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="BusinessWeek">BusinessWeek</a> (BSBA)</td> <td>25<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> (EMBA – World Rank)</td> <td>8<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> More than 60% of undergraduates are involved in faculty research across all areas;<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> it is an institutional priority for undergraduates to be allowed to participate in advanced research. According to the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Measuring_University_Performance" title="Center for Measuring University Performance">Center for Measuring University Performance</a>, it is considered to be one of the top 10 private research universities in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> A dedicated Office of Undergraduate Research is located on the Danforth Campus and serves as a resource to post research opportunities, advise students in finding appropriate positions matching their interests, publish undergraduate research journals, and award research grants to make it financially possible to perform research.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Brown_Hall.jpg/220px-Brown_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Brown_Hall.jpg/330px-Brown_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Brown_Hall.jpg/440px-Brown_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>Brown Hall</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, Washington University spent $989 million on research and development in 2021, ranking it 25th in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-:8-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-11">[11]</a> The university has over 150 <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Washington University and its medical school play a large part in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a>, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> NASA hosts its Planetary Data System Geosciences Node on the campus of Washington University. Professors, students, and researchers have been heavily involved with many unmanned missions to Mars. Professor Raymond Arvidson has been deputy principal investigator of the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> mission and co-investigator of the Phoenix lander robotic arm.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Washington University professor Joseph Lowenstein, with the assistance of several undergraduate students, has been involved in editing, annotating, making a digital archive of the first publication of poet <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>'s collective works in 100 years. A large grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> was given to support this project centralized at Washington University with support from other colleges in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Folding@home" title="Folding@home">Folding@Home</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> project for performing <a href="/wiki/Molecular_dynamics" title="Molecular dynamics">molecular dynamics</a> simulations of protein dynamics, was moved to Washington University School of Medicine from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. The project, currently led by Greg Bowman, uses the idle CPU time of personal computers owned by volunteers to conduct <a href="/wiki/Protein_folding" title="Protein folding">protein folding</a> research.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Folding@home's research is primarily focused on biomedical problems such as <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola virus disease</a>. In April 2020, Folding@home became the world's first <a href="/wiki/Exascale_computing" title="Exascale computing">exaFLOP computing system</a> with a peak performance of 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Exaflops" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaflops">exaflops</a>, making it more than seven times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer, <a href="/wiki/Summit_(supercomputer)" title="Summit (supercomputer)">Summit</a>, and more powerful than the top 100 supercomputers in the world, combined.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McDonnell_International_Scholars_Academy">McDonnell International Scholars Academy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: McDonnell International Scholars Academy">edit</a>]</div> The McDonnell International Scholars Academy (MISA) is an alliance between universities that supports collaboration on research, development of joint educational opportunities, and joint research conferences.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The program is named after <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell_(businessman)" title="John McDonnell (businessman)">John F. McDonnell</a>, who provided an initial $10 million gift to establish the academy in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> MISA features a graduate-level endowed scholarship program for international students to study at Washington University.<a href="#cite_note-:SecGen-150">[150]</a> Founded in 2005, the academy's core mission is to develop a community of future global leaders from partner institutions worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-:GetStem-151">[151]</a> The program is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:3-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library_system">Library system</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Library system">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Libraries" title="Washington University Libraries">Washington University Libraries</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olin_Library_wide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olin_Library_wide.jpg/202px-Olin_Library_wide.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olin_Library_wide.jpg/303px-Olin_Library_wide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olin_Library_wide.jpg/404px-Olin_Library_wide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Olin Library</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_Law_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WashU_Law_Library.jpg/202px-WashU_Law_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WashU_Law_Library.jpg/303px-WashU_Law_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WashU_Law_Library.jpg/404px-WashU_Law_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Reading room in Anheuser-Busch Hall</figcaption></figure> The Washington University library system comprises 10 libraries, with the main library, Olin Library, centrally located on the Danforth Campus. According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a>, it is the 44th largest library in the United States in terms of volumes held, containing over 5.3 million volumes.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In 2020, the Princeton Review ranked the Olin Library among the top 10 "Best College Libraries" in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The remaining 9 libraries in the system include: <ul><li>Al and Ruth Kopolow (Business) Library</li> <li>Bernard Becker Medical Library</li> <li>Brown School Library</li> <li>East Asian Library</li> <li>Gaylord Music Library</li> <li>Kenneth and Nancy Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library</li> <li>Law Library</li> <li>West Campus Library</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus_life">Campus life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Campus life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Campus_life_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Campus life at Washington University in St. Louis">Campus life at Washington University in St. Louis</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_body">Student body</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Student body">edit</a>]</div> In 2023, Washington University enrolled approximately 16,550 students who came from all 50 U.S. states and more than 110 countries.<a href="#cite_note-University_Facts-155">[155]</a> Of the 1,832 first year students enrolled in Fall 2023, 35% were Caucasian, 27% were Asian, 13% were Latino/Hispanic, 12% were Black/African-American, 11% were International, 1% were Native American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and 1% did not identity; 52% were female and 48% were male.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_organizations">Student organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Student organizations">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">48% </td> <td align="left">48<div style="width:96px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">18% </td> <td align="left">18<div style="width:36px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">11% </td> <td align="left">11<div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left">9<div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<a href="#cite_note-158">[a]</a> </td> <td align="right">7% </td> <td align="left">7<div style="width:14px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">7% </td> <td align="left">7<div style="width:14px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">15% </td> <td align="left">15<div style="width:30px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">85% </td> <td align="left">85<div style="width:170px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which, as of fiscal year 2024, has an annual budget of $4.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The Student Union sponsors large-scale campus programs including <a href="/wiki/Walk_in_lay_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Walk in lay down">WILD</a> (a semesterly concert in the quad) and free copies of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a> through The Collegiate Readership Program; it also funds the campus television station, WUTV, and the radio station, <a href="/wiki/KWUR" title="KWUR">KWUR</a>. KWUR was named best radio station in St. Louis of 2003 by the Riverfront Times despite the fact its signal reaches only a few blocks beyond the boundaries of the campus.<a href="#cite_note-radio-163">[160]</a> The Congress of the South 40 (CS40) is a Residential Life and Events Programming Board, which operates outside of the SU sphere. CS40's funding comes from the housing activities fee of each student living in the South 40.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WUWomansBuilding.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/WUWomansBuilding.JPG/220px-WUWomansBuilding.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/WUWomansBuilding.JPG/330px-WUWomansBuilding.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/WUWomansBuilding.JPG/440px-WUWomansBuilding.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Women's Building</figcaption></figure>Many of these organizations and other campus life amenities are housed in the $43 million <a href="/wiki/Danforth_Campus#Student_Centers" title="Danforth Campus">Danforth University Center</a> on the Danforth Campus, also dedicated in honor of emeritus Chancellor <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Danforth" title="William Henry Danforth">William Henry Danforth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> The building opened on August 11, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg/220px-WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg/330px-WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg/440px-WashU_McMillan_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3877" data-file-height="2908" /></a><figcaption>McMillan Hall</figcaption></figure> Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus, including 13 official <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> groups. The Pikers, an all-male group, is the oldest such group on campus. The Greenleafs, an all-female group is the oldest (and only) female group on campus. The <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Whispers" title="Mosaic Whispers">Mosaic Whispers</a>, founded in 1991, is the oldest co-ed group on campus. They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums, including <a href="/wiki/Ben_Folds" title="Ben Folds">Ben Folds</a>' <a href="/wiki/Ben_Folds_Presents:_University_A_Cappella!" title="Ben Folds Presents: University A Cappella!">Ben Folds Presents: University A Cappella!</a> The Amateurs, who also appeared on this album, is another co-ed a cappella group on campus, founded in 1991. They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively. After Dark<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> is a co-ed <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> group founded in 2001. It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording (CARA) awards. In 2008 the group performed on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_life">Greek life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Greek life">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg/182px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg/273px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg/364px-Washington_University_in_St._Louis_Fraternities.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="2608" /></a><figcaption>Fraternity Buildings</figcaption></figure> Washington University has eleven fraternities and nine sororities on campus. In 2020, a large number of Greek life members, primarily from sororities permanently deactivated from their chapters as a result of perceived systematic oppression, racism, and sexism.<a href="#cite_note-:11-168">[165]</a> Some students called for the total abolition of Greek Life on campus.<a href="#cite_note-:11-168">[165]</a> As of Spring 2021, approximately 14% of the student body participated in Greek life.<a href="#cite_note-:5-169">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residences">Residences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Residences">edit</a>]</div> Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (16 ha). It is the location of all freshman buildings as well as several sophomore buildings, which are set up in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">residential college</a> system. All of the residential halls are co-ed. The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian-friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp. Bear's Den (the largest dining hall on campus), the Student Health Center for the Danforth Campus, the Residential Life Office, <a href="/wiki/University_police" class="mw-redirect" title="University police">University police</a> headquarters, various student-owned businesses, and the baseball, softball, and intramural fields located on the South 40.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/South40.jpg/220px-South40.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/South40.jpg/330px-South40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/South40.jpg/440px-South40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>The South 40</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashU_Clocktower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WashU_Clocktower.jpg/126px-WashU_Clocktower.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WashU_Clocktower.jpg/189px-WashU_Clocktower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WashU_Clocktower.jpg/252px-WashU_Clocktower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Clocktower located in the South 40</figcaption></figure>Another group of residences, known as the Village, is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus. Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars, the North Side consists of Millbrook Apartments, The Village, Village East on-campus apartments, and all fraternity houses except the <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">Zeta Beta Tau</a> house, which is off campus and located just northwest of the South 40. Sororities at Washington University do not have houses by their own accord. The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24, known as Living Learning Communities (LLCs), to live together in clustered suites . Like the South 40, the residences around the Village also surround a recreational lawn. In addition to South 40 and North Side residence halls, Washington University owns several other buildings within walking distance to Danforth Campus, which are open to upperclassmen. They include the Rosedale Apartments, University Drive apartments (consisting of approximately eight buildings directly across Forest Park Parkway from the Danforth Campus), Greenway Apartments, and the Lofts. Until Spring 2024, three additional buildings (520 Kingsland, 6678 Washington Ave, and 6665 Washington Ave) were offered as three-person apartments for upperclassmen but will be converted to graduate student housing after the 2023-2024 academic year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_media">Student media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Student media">edit</a>]</div> Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's <a href="/wiki/Student_publication" title="Student publication">student-run newspaper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Student_Life_(newspaper)" title="Student Life (newspaper)">Student Life</a>, is published twice a week under the auspices of Washington University Student Media, Inc., an independent not-for-profit organization incorporated in 1999. The paper was first founded in 1878. <a href="/wiki/KWUR" title="KWUR">KWUR</a> (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-form musical programming. WUTV is the university's <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">television channel</a>. The university's main student-run political publication is the Washington University Political Review (nicknamed "WUPR"), a self-described "multipartisan" monthly magazine. Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals, The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine. A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journals</a> to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, the student-run satirical newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Athletics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Washington University Bears</a></div>Washington University was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a> of <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">NCAA Division III</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> and previously was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Conference">Missouri Valley Conference</a>. Between 1907 and 1942, Washington University played with what are now classified as <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">NCAA Division I</a> teams. The Bears have won 24 NCAA Division III Championships— two in women's <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">cross country</a> (2011, 2018), two in women's indoor track and field (2017, 2023), one in women's outdoor track and field (2017), one in men's tennis (2008), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010),<a href="#cite_note-bearsports.wustl.edu-172">[169]</a> ten in women's volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009),<a href="#cite_note-http-173">[170]</a> and one in women's soccer (2016)<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> – and 262 conference titles in 16 different sports.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Field_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Francis_Field_1904.jpg/220px-Francis_Field_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Francis_Field_1904.jpg/330px-Francis_Field_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Francis_Field_1904.jpg/440px-Francis_Field_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1904_St._Louis_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 St. Louis Olympics">1904 St. Louis Olympics</a></figcaption></figure>Washington University hosts 42 club sports.<a href="#cite_note-University_Facts-155">[155]</a> The Washington University men's club water polo team has been particularly successful, capturing the Collegiate Water Polo Association Division III Club National Championship title in 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Funding for club sports comes from the Student Union budget, as each club is deemed a campus group. Washington University is home of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a>, site of the <a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 Summer Olympics</a>. Francis Olympic Field is also home of the Washington University football, soccer, and track and field teams. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Traditions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/220px-Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/330px-Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg/440px-Gates_to_Francis_Field_-_Danforth_Campus_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Gates at Francis Field</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walk_In_Lay_Down" title="Walk In Lay Down">WILD</a> – Walk In, Lay Down, the semesterly concert in the Quad which brings in popular musical acts. The future of WILD remains unclear with multiple cancelled events due to COVID and university concerns an alternative event NAP was run in Fall 2023 off campus in an attempt to redefine WILD.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurtene_Carnival" title="Thurtene Carnival">Thurtene Carnival</a> – The oldest and largest student-run carnival in the nation,<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> run by Thurtene Honorary.<a href="#cite_note-Schoenherr-181">[178]</a></li> <li>Vertigo – A dance party put on by the Engineering School Council (EnCouncil), featuring an innovative 8-by-16-foot (2.4 by 4.9 m) computer-controlled modular LED <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_dance_floor" title="Illuminated dance floor">illuminated dance floor</a> built by students.</li> <li>Cultural shows – Each year Washington University student groups put on several multicultural shows. Ashoka, the South Asian student association, puts on a performance for <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, the Indian festival of lights, that includes a skit and dances. Black Anthology is a student-run performance arts show celebrating <a href="/wiki/African_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="African American culture">black culture</a>. Lunar New Year Festival is a student group that puts on a performance in collaboration with a philanthropic partner organization to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> through various Asian performing arts. Africa Week and the African Film Festival are annual events hosted by the African Students Association. Finally, the Association of Latin American Students showcases various forms of Latin and Spanish dances during their performance, Carnaval.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Hall" title="Brookings Hall">Brookings Hall</a> – A superstition among students to never step on the university seal at Brookings Hall. It is said that doing so will prevent one from graduating on time.<a href="#cite_note-:2-182">[179]</a></li> <li>Convocation – A large gathering for new students and their families intended to welcome them to the university. Among others, it includes speeches from seniors and university leadership.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a></li> <li>DUC N' Donuts – Taking place on the first Friday of every month at the Danforth University Center (DUC), this tradition allows students to learn about monthly events while enjoying free coffee and donuts.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a></li> <li>Cheap Lunch – Every Wednesday, the Engineering School Council (EnCouncil), provides pizza, chips, and cookies for a low cost.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a></li> <li>Art Prom – Every Spring, students from the Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts host a “formal” dance with a creative twist.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a></li> <li>Underpass Panels – A series of panels along the walls of the underpass connecting the South 40 to the main Danforth Campus. Tradition involves the painting of each panel by students and clubs to advertise upcoming events. Located adjacent to the underpass is a large concrete ball, a concrete cube, and pyramid, also painted to advertise student events.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_alumni" title="List of Washington University alumni">List of Washington University alumni</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty">List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_faculty_and_staff" title="List of Washington University faculty and staff">List of Washington University faculty and staff</a></div> Washington University has over 19,000 faculty and staff members and over 156,000 living alumni. Awards and honors recognizing Washington University alumni and faculty include the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">U.S. Poet Laureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle_Award" title="National Book Critics Circle Award">National Book Critics Circle Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Fellowship</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lowell_Putnam_Mathematical_Competition" title="William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition">Putnam Fellowship</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Prize</a>, and membership in the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-Rooney-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Alumni">edit</a>]</div> Notable undergrad alumni include the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Glazer" title="Avram Glazer">Avram Glazer</a>;<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Films" title="Lionsgate Films">Lionsgate Films</a> CEO, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Feltheimer" title="Jon Feltheimer">Jon Feltheimer</a>;<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Wearhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's Wearhouse">Men's Wearhouse</a> founder, <a href="/wiki/George_Zimmer" title="George Zimmer">George Zimmer</a>;<a href="#cite_note-bweek04-190">[187]</a> former <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> executive director, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a>;<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a> founder, Michael L. Riordan;<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia">Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sini%C5%A1a_Mali" title="Siniša Mali">Siniša Mali</a>;<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> Missouri senator, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">Jim Talent</a>;<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Nevada senator, <a href="/wiki/Chic_Hecht" title="Chic Hecht">Chic Hecht</a>;<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> Nebraska congressman, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Daub" title="Hal Daub">Hal Daub</a>;<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists, Ken Cooper<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Klibanoff" title="Hank Klibanoff">Hank Klibanoff</a>;<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Tony Award-winning theatrical producer, <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a>;<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> baseball player, <a href="/wiki/Dal_Maxvill" title="Dal Maxvill">Dal Maxvill</a>;<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> and the first director of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s Global Program on AIDS, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mann_(physician)" title="Jonathan Mann (physician)">Jonathan Mann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Additionally, the list includes science show host, <a href="/wiki/Deanne_Bell" title="Deanne Bell">Deanne Bell</a> (Design Squad);<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> New York Times best-selling author, <a href="/wiki/Susannah_Cahalan" title="Susannah Cahalan">Susannah Cahalan</a>;<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> character actress, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wickes" title="Mary Wickes">Mary Wickes</a>;<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> television actor, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Kastl" title="Johnny Kastl">Johnny Kastl</a>;<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> 41st <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">attorney general of Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Koster" title="Chris Koster">Chris Koster</a>;<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic</a> Gold Medalist, <a href="/wiki/Kendall_Gretsch" title="Kendall Gretsch">Kendall Gretsch</a>;<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> and radical feminist, <a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Shulamith Firestone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> Undergraduate alumni also include co-inventor of nylon <a href="/wiki/Julian_W._Hill" title="Julian W. Hill">Julian W. Hill</a>;<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> co-discoverer of the neutrino <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Clyde Cowan</a>;<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> Governor of Illinois <a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">James R. Thompson</a>;<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> U.S. ambassador to Belgium <a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox" title="Sam Fox">Sam Fox</a>;<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Holden" title="Edward S. Holden">Edward S. Holden</a>, president of the University of California;<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lamb_Eliot" title="Thomas Lamb Eliot">Thomas Lamb Eliot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> founder of <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Abram_L._Sachar" title="Abram L. Sachar">Abram L. Sachar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> founding president of Brandeis University. Graduates of the College of Architecture include <a href="/wiki/George_F._Hellmuth" title="George F. Hellmuth">George Hellmuth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gyo_Obata" title="Gyo Obata">Gyo Obata</a>,<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Kassabaum" title="George Kassabaum">George Kassabaum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> founders of <a href="/wiki/Hellmuth,_Obata_and_Kassabaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum">HOK</a>, the world's fourth-largest architectural firm. Lisa Sharkey, an American media executive and publisher, and member of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council of the District of Columbia,</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Lightfoot" title="William Lightfoot">William Lightfoot</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Graduate alumni include Nobel laureates <a href="/wiki/Earl_Sutherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Sutherland">Earl Sutherland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Krebs">Edwin Krebs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> who all graduated from the School of Medicine. Businessman and adventurer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Fossett" title="Steve Fossett">Steve Fossett</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> earned his MBA from the business school. Law school graduate <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Poindexter" title="Joseph Poindexter">Joseph Poindexter</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> was governor of Hawaii during the Pearl Harbor attack. Doctoral alumni include the former presidents of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clemson_University" title="Clemson University">Clemson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mount_Union" title="University of Mount Union">Mount Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Hong Kong University of Science and Technology">Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Simpson" title="Mike Simpson">Mike Simpson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Idaho%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Idaho's 2nd congressional district">Idaho's 2nd congressional district</a> is a graduate of the Dental School.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> Notable individuals who attended but did not graduate include playwright <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (who left in protest at not winning a playwriting prize);<a href="#cite_note-:13-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-230">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eames" title="Charles Eames">Charles Eames</a>, who was expelled for defending modernist architecture;<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Jack C. Taylor, the founder of Enterprise Rent-a-Car, who withdrew to fight in World War II;<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> Pulitzer Prize winner and bestselling author <a href="/wiki/Bill_Dedman" title="Bill Dedman">Bill Dedman</a>, who left to pursue a career as a newspaper reporter;<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_vos_Savant" title="Marilyn vos Savant">Marilyn vos Savant</a>, the IQ-record holder, who left to assist with a family investment business.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center" style="max-width: 1072px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harold Ramis, Actor/director, Ghostbusters, Caddyshack, Animal House, National Lampoon's Vacation (film series))[232]"><img alt="Harold Ramis, Actor/director, Ghostbusters, Caddyshack, Animal House, National Lampoon's Vacation (film series))[232]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg/112px-HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg/168px-HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg/224px-HaroldRamisOct2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="688" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ramis" title="Harold Ramis">Harold Ramis</a>, Actor/director, <a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters" title="Ghostbusters">Ghostbusters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caddyshack" title="Caddyshack">Caddyshack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_House" title="Animal House">Animal House</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon%27s_Vacation_(film_series)" title="National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)">National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)</a>)<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tennessee Williams, 20th-century Playwright of American drama[226][227]"><img alt="Tennessee Williams, 20th-century Playwright of American drama[226][227]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg/111px-Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg/166px-Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg/221px-Tennessee_Williams_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="2310" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>, 20th-century Playwright of <a href="/wiki/American_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="American drama">American drama</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-230">[227]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Guillaume, Actor (Soap, The Lion King, Guys and Dolls, The Phantom of the Opera)[233]"><img alt="Robert Guillaume, Actor (Soap, The Lion King, Guys and Dolls, The Phantom of the Opera)[233]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG/94px-Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG/142px-Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG/188px-Robert_Guillaume_SOAP_1977_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="581" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Guillaume" title="Robert Guillaume">Robert Guillaume</a>, Actor (<a href="/wiki/Soap_(TV_series)" title="Soap (TV series)">Soap</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King" title="The Lion King">The Lion King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls" title="Guys and Dolls">Guys and Dolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1986_musical)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)">The Phantom of the Opera</a>)<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrew McCabe, Former deputy director of the FBI[234]"><img alt="Andrew McCabe, Former deputy director of the FBI[234]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg/100px-Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg/200px-Andrew_McCabe_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1125" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCabe" title="Andrew McCabe">Andrew McCabe</a>, Former deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:William_H._Webster_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William H. Webster, Only person to have served as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and director of Central Intelligence[235][236]"><img alt="William H. Webster, Only person to have served as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and director of Central Intelligence[235][236]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_H._Webster_2016.jpg/88px-William_H._Webster_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_H._Webster_2016.jpg/132px-William_H._Webster_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_H._Webster_2016.jpg/176px-William_H._Webster_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="436" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a>, Only person to have served as <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation">director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">director of Central Intelligence</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochelle_Walensky,_CDC_Director_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rochelle Walensky, 19th director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[237][238]"><img alt="Rochelle Walensky, 19th director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[237][238]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Rochelle_Walensky%2C_CDC_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky" title="Rochelle Walensky">Rochelle Walensky</a>, 19th director of the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clark Clifford, Political adviser to presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter[239][240]"><img alt="Clark Clifford, Political adviser to presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter[239][240]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg/100px-Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg/151px-Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg/200px-Clark_Clifford_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="560" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clark Clifford</a>, Political adviser to presidents <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:J._C._R._Licklider.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="J. C. R. Licklider, Pioneer in artificial intelligence and the Internet[241]"><img alt="J. C. R. Licklider, Pioneer in artificial intelligence and the Internet[241]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/J._C._R._Licklider.jpg/87px-J._C._R._Licklider.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/J._C._R._Licklider.jpg/132px-J._C._R._Licklider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/J._C._R._Licklider.jpg/175px-J._C._R._Licklider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="267" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a>, Pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Nagel,_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Nagel, Founder of the United States Chamber of Commerce[242]"><img alt="Charles Nagel is the Founder of the United States Chamber of Commerce." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg/76px-Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg/114px-Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg/152px-Charles_Nagel%2C_1849%E2%80%931940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nagel" title="Charles Nagel">Charles Nagel</a>, Founder of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">United States Chamber of Commerce</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dave Garroway, Founding host and anchor of NBC's Today[243]"><img alt="Dave Garroway, Founding host and anchor of NBC's Today[243]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG/103px-Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG" decoding="async" width="103" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG/156px-Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG/207px-Dave_garroway_publicity_photo_1950s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="617" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Garroway" title="Dave Garroway">Dave Garroway</a>, Founding host and anchor of <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a><a href="#cite_note-Time2-246">[243]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jim McKelvey, co-founder and director of Block, Inc[244]"><img alt="Jim McKelvey, co-founder and director of Block, Inc[244]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg/78px-Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg" decoding="async" width="78" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg/118px-Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg/157px-Jim_Studio_Headshow.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="638" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jim_McKelvey" title="Jim McKelvey">Jim McKelvey</a>, co-founder and director of <a href="/wiki/Block,_Inc." title="Block, Inc.">Block, Inc</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fannie_Hurst,_Kandeler_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fannie Hurst, Novelist[245]"><img alt="Fannie Hurst, Novelist[245]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg/91px-Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg/137px-Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg/183px-Fannie_Hurst%2C_Kandeler_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="414" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Hurst" title="Fannie Hurst">Fannie Hurst</a>, Novelist<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertbehnkenv2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bob Behnken, NASA Astronaut and former Chief of the Astronaut Office[246]"><img alt="Bob Behnken is a NASA Astronaut and Test Engineer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Robertbehnkenv2.jpg/100px-Robertbehnkenv2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Robertbehnkenv2.jpg/150px-Robertbehnkenv2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Robertbehnkenv2.jpg/200px-Robertbehnkenv2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Bob Behnken</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a> and former Chief of the Astronaut Office<a href="#cite_note-Tonnessen-249">[246]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leana Wen, former president of Planned Parenthood[247]"><img alt="Leana Wen, former president of Planned Parenthood[247]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg/83px-Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg/125px-Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg/166px-Dr_Leana_Wen_Jan_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2199" data-file-height="3299" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leana_Wen" title="Leana Wen">Leana Wen</a>, former president of <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty">Faculty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Faculty">edit</a>]</div> Notable faculty include 56th governor of Missouri <a href="/wiki/Eric_Greitens" title="Eric Greitens">Eric Greitens</a>;<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Hyman_Minsky" title="Hyman Minsky">Hyman Minsky</a>;<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> novelists <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Elkin" title="Stanley Elkin">Stanley Elkin</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a>;<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Carl_Phillips" title="Carl Phillips">Carl Phillips</a>;<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> architect <a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Spiering" title="Louis C. Spiering">Louis C. Spering</a>;<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Max_Beckmann" title="Max Beckmann">Max Beckmann</a>;<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sex researchers</a> <a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">William Masters and Virginia Johnson</a>;<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> writer and culture critic <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Early" title="Gerald Early">Gerald Early</a>;<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a> two-time United States Poet Laureate <a href="/wiki/Howard_Nemerov" title="Howard Nemerov">Howard Nemerov</a>;<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> founder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Professors" title="American Association of University Professors">American Association of University Professors</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Arthur Oncken Lovejoy</a>;<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> chemist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Kennedy" title="Joseph W. Kennedy">Joseph W. Kennedy</a>, co-discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>;<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> first woman director of both the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sutherland_Boggs" title="Jean Sutherland Boggs">Jean Sutherland Boggs</a>;<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a> and chemist <a href="/wiki/Holden_Thorp" title="Holden Thorp">Holden Thorp</a>, editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center" style="max-width: 1072px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buckminster Fuller, Systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, and futurist[265]"><img alt="Buckminster Fuller, Systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, and futurist[265]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg/95px-BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg/142px-BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg/189px-BuckminsterFuller_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="441" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systems_theory" title="Systems theory">Systems theorist</a>, author, designer, inventor, and <a href="/wiki/Futurist" title="Futurist">futurist</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Eagleton, United States Senator from Missouri[266]"><img alt="Thomas Eagleton, United States Senator from Missouri[266]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg/82px-Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg/123px-Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg/164px-Thomas_F._Eagleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="1567" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from Missouri<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arthur Holly Compton, Discoverer of the Compton effect[267]"><img alt="Arthur Holly Compton, Discoverer of the Compton effect[267]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg/93px-Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg/140px-Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg/187px-Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="823" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a>, Discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Compton_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Compton effect">Compton effect</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luther Terry, Ninth Surgeon General of the United States who is best known for his warnings against the dangers and the impact of tobacco use on health[268]"><img alt="Luther Terry, Ninth Surgeon General of the United States who is best known for his warnings against the dangers and the impact of tobacco use on health[268]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg/114px-Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg/171px-Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg/227px-Luther_Terry_photo_portrait_as_surgeon_general.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="417" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Luther_Terry" title="Luther Terry">Luther Terry</a>, Ninth <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General of the United States</a> who is best known for his warnings against the dangers and the impact of tobacco use on health<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini, Neurologist and Nobel laureate for the discovery of nerve growth factor[269]"><img alt="Rita Levi-Montalcini, Neurologist and Nobel laureate for the discovery of nerve growth factor[269]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg/94px-Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg/141px-Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg/187px-Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="571" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a>, Neurologist and Nobel laureate for the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">nerve growth factor</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Erlanger, known for his contributions to the field of neuroscience[270]"><img alt="Joseph Erlanger, known for his contributions to the field of neuroscience[270]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg/87px-Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg/131px-Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg/175px-Joseph_Erlanger._Photograph_by_Esselte._Wellcome_V0026334.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="3162" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a>, known for his contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gerty Cori, First woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[271]"><img alt="Gerty Cori, First woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[271]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg/88px-Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg/133px-Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg/177px-Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a>, First woman to be awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Mutharika, former president of Malawi[272]"><img alt="Peter Mutharika, former president of Malawi[272]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/87px-Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/131px-Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="563" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mutharika" title="Peter Mutharika">Peter Mutharika</a>, former president of <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglass_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Douglass North, Nobel Laureate Economist[273]"><img alt="Douglass North, Nobel Laureate Economist[273]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglass_North.jpg/87px-Douglass_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglass_North.jpg/130px-Douglass_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglass_North.jpg/173px-Douglass_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="710" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Laureate</a> Economist<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_(cropped_and_edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bruce H. Mann, American legal scholar and husband of U.S. senator Elizabeth Warren[274]"><img alt="Bruce H. Mann, American legal scholar and husband of U.S. senator Elizabeth Warren[274]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg/94px-Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg/141px-Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg/187px-Bruce_Mann_-_The_Harvard_Crimson_%28cropped_and_edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="2849" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._Mann" title="Bruce H. Mann">Bruce H. Mann</a>, American legal scholar and husband of U.S. senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiley Rutledge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[275]"><img alt="Wiley Rutledge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[275]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg/97px-Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg/146px-Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg/194px-Wiley_Rutledge_portrait_by_Harold_M._Brett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge" title="Wiley Rutledge">Wiley Rutledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fumihiko Maki, United Nations' new building architect[276]"><img alt="Fumihiko Maki, United Nations' new building architect[276]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg/125px-Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg/188px-Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg/250px-Fumihiko_Maki_2010_alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4648" data-file-height="3744" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>' new building <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Barry_Commoner,_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barry Commoner, Leading ecologist and a founder of the modern environmental movement[277][278]"><img alt="Barry Commoner, Leading ecologist and a founder of the modern environmental movement[277][278]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg/105px-Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg/157px-Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg/209px-Barry_Commoner%2C_politician-environmentalist_author.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="802" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Commoner" title="Barry Commoner">Barry Commoner</a>, Leading <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecologist</a> and a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">modern environmental movement</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ian Bogost, Game Studies scholar and video game designer[279]"><img alt="Ian Bogost, Game Studies scholar and video game designer[279]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg/83px-Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg/125px-Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg/166px-Ibogost_joystick_color_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1838" data-file-height="2757" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Bogost" title="Ian Bogost">Ian Bogost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_studies" title="Game studies">Game Studies</a> scholar and video game designer<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roger Nash Baldwin, co-founder and first executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union[280]"><img alt="Roger Nash Baldwin, co-founder and first executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union[280]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg/99px-Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg/149px-Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Roger_Nash_Baldwin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="247" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nash_Baldwin" title="Roger Nash Baldwin">Roger Nash Baldwin</a>, co-founder and first executive director of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Hershey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfred Hershey, Nobel Laureate bacteriologist known for the Hershey–Chase experiment[281]"><img alt="Alfred Hershey, Nobel Laureate bacteriologist known for the Hershey–Chase experiment[281]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Alfred_Hershey.jpg/86px-Alfred_Hershey.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Alfred_Hershey.jpg/129px-Alfred_Hershey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Alfred_Hershey.jpg/171px-Alfred_Hershey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="335" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteriologist" title="Bacteriologist">bacteriologist</a> known for the <a href="/wiki/Hershey%E2%80%93Chase_experiment" title="Hershey–Chase experiment">Hershey–Chase experiment</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF" class="mw-file-description" title="Roy Vagelos, chairman and CEO of Merck & Co.[282]"><img alt="Roy Vagelos, chairman and CEO of Merck & Co.[282]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF/lossy-page1-125px-P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF/lossy-page1-188px-P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF/lossy-page1-250px-P._Roy_Vagelos_JPS_2005_03_10_crop.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1338" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/P._Roy_Vagelos" title="P. Roy Vagelos">Roy Vagelos</a>, chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck & Co.</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ETJaynes1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="E.T. Jaynes, Theoretical physicist and statistician[283]"><img alt="E.T. Jaynes, Theoretical physicist and statistician[283]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ETJaynes1.jpg/100px-ETJaynes1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ETJaynes1.jpg/150px-ETJaynes1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ETJaynes1.jpg/199px-ETJaynes1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="653" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Thompson_Jaynes" title="Edwin Thompson Jaynes">E.T. Jaynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">Theoretical physicist</a> and statistician<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mona Van Duyn, United States Poet Laureate[284]"><img alt="Mona Van Duyn, United States Poet Laureate[284]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg/113px-Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg/171px-Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Mona_Van_Duyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="248" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mona_Van_Duyn" title="Mona Van Duyn">Mona Van Duyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_Consultant_in_Poetry_to_the_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress">United States Poet Laureate</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wesley A. Clark, Credited for designing the first modern personal computer[285]"><img alt="Wesley A. Clark, Credited for designing the first modern personal computer[285]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg/93px-Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg/139px-Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg/185px-Wesley_A_Clark_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="719" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wesley_A._Clark" title="Wesley A. Clark">Wesley A. Clark</a>, Credited for designing the first modern personal computer<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary Jo Bang, Guggenheim Fellow (2004)[286]"><img alt="Mary Jo Bang, Guggenheim Fellow (2004)[286]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg/83px-Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg/125px-Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg/167px-Mary_Jo_Bang_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1498" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Bang" title="Mary Jo Bang">Mary Jo Bang</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_2004" title="List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 2004">Guggenheim Fellow</a> (2004)<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lackerman4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lauren Ackerman, Championed the subspecialty of surgical pathology[287]"><img alt="Lauren Ackerman, Championed the subspecialty of surgical pathology[287]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Lackerman4.jpg/94px-Lackerman4.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Lackerman4.jpg/141px-Lackerman4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Lackerman4.jpg/188px-Lackerman4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="560" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Ackerman" title="Lauren Ackerman">Lauren Ackerman</a>, Championed the subspecialty of <a href="/wiki/Surgical_pathology" title="Surgical pathology">surgical pathology</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Smith Pritchett, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and 5th president of MIT[288]"><img alt="Henry Smith Pritchett, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and 5th president of MIT[288]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg/78px-Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg/118px-Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg/157px-Pritchett_5455605787_c74a68412d_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="822" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_Pritchett" title="Henry Smith Pritchett">Henry Smith Pritchett</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching</a> and 5th president of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Schaal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barbara Schaal, First woman to be elected vice president of the National Academy of Sciences[289]"><img alt="Barbara Schaal, First woman to be elected vice president of the National Academy of Sciences[289]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Barbara_Schaal.jpg/110px-Barbara_Schaal.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Barbara_Schaal.jpg/166px-Barbara_Schaal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Barbara_Schaal.jpg/221px-Barbara_Schaal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="602" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Schaal" title="Barbara A. Schaal">Barbara Schaal</a>, First woman to be elected vice president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> </div> </li> </ul><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a> intended for low-income students. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> at the bare minimum. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Social_Development" title="Center for Social Development">Center for Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_for_the_Deaf" title="Central Institute for the Deaf">Central Institute for the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Observatory" title="Crow Observatory">Crow Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_R._Harris_World_Law_Institute" title="Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute">Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://endowment.wustl.edu/about/endowment/">"Endowment Facts"</a>. 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Retrieved 2022-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=STLPR&rft.atitle=Washington+U.+scientist+Barbara+Schaal+named+to+presidential+panel&rft.date=2009-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.stlpublicradio.org%2Fhealth-science-environment%2F2009-06-07%2Fwashington-u-scientist-barbara-schaal-named-to-presidential-panel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+University+in+St.+Louis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Libraries" title="Washington University Libraries">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington University School of Arts and Sciences">School of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" title="McKelvey School of Engineering">James McKelvey School of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Brown_School_of_Social_Work" title="George Warren Brown School of Social Work">George Warren Brown School of Social Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox_School_of_Design_%26_Visual_Arts" title="Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts">Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Historical: <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Dental Medicine">Washington University School of Dental Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis">List of Nobel Laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queeny_Tower" title="Queeny Tower">Queeny Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg/128px-Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg/192px-Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg/256px-Brookings_Hall_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%">Centers and institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Social_Development" title="Center for Social Development">Center for Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_for_the_Deaf" title="Central Institute for the Deaf">Central Institute for the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement">Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallinckrodt_Institute_of_Radiology" title="Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology">Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Genome_Institute" title="McDonnell Genome Institute">McDonnell Genome Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyson_Research_Center" title="Tyson Research Center">Tyson Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_R._Harris_World_Law_Institute" title="Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute">Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnes-Jewish_Hospital" title="Barnes-Jewish Hospital">Barnes-Jewish Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Hall" title="Brookings Hall">Brookings Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Observatory" title="Crow Observatory">Crow Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danforth_Campus" title="Danforth Campus">Danforth Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Medical_Campus">Medical Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Lane_Kemper_Art_Museum" title="Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum">Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siteman_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Siteman Cancer Center">Siteman Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Children%27s_Hospital" title="St. Louis Children's Hospital">St. Louis Children's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Athletics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Gymnasium" title="Francis Gymnasium">Francis Gymnasium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_alumni" title="List of Washington University alumni">Notable alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="List of chancellors of Washington University in St. Louis">Chancellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_University_faculty_and_staff" title="List of Washington University faculty and staff">Faculty and staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis">Affiliated Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greenleaf_Eliot" title="William Greenleaf Eliot">William Greenleaf Eliot, founder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="History of Washington University in St. Louis">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">2004 U.S. presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">2008 U.S. presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">2016 U.S. presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="History of Washington University in St. Louis">Historical overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_School_of_Fine_Arts" title="St. Louis School of Fine Arts">St. Louis School of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Hilltop_Campus_Historic_District" title="Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District">Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 #007360;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campus_life_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Campus life at Washington University in St. Louis">Campus life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="After Dark (Washington University in St. Louis)"> After Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWUR" title="KWUR">KWUR Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Whispers" title="Mosaic Whispers">Mosaic Whispers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Life_at_Washington_University_in_St._Louis#Residential_Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus Life at Washington University in St. Louis">Residential colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Life_(newspaper)" title="Student Life (newspaper)">Student Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurtene_Carnival" title="Thurtene Carnival">Thurtene Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Law_Review" title="Washington University Law Review">Washington University Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_In_Lay_Down" title="Walk In Lay Down">WILD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A51417;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #007360, inset -2px -2px 0 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis</a> <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a> <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_Tartans" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Mellon Tartans">Tartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_Spartans" title="Case Western Reserve Spartans">Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons" title="Chicago Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a> <a href="/wiki/Emory_Eagles" title="Emory Eagles">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a> <a href="/wiki/NYU_Violets" title="NYU Violets">Violets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a> <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Yellowjackets" title="Rochester Yellowjackets">Yellowjackets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Bears</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington1249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington1249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S. founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" class="mw-redirect" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address January 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="December 1790 State of the Union Address">December 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1794_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1794 State of the Union Address">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1795_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1795 State of the Union Address">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">George Washington (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)">George Washington (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)">George Washington (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)">George Washington (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)">George Washington (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)">Point of View sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Trenton, New Jersey)">Trenton statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)">George Washington (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)">The Crossing (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free">We Fight to Be Free (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies">Turn: Washington's Spies (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America">The War that Made America (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)">Washington (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slavery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ford" title="West Ford">West Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lee_(valet)" title="Philip Lee (valet)">Philip Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_George_Washington" title="Outline of George Washington">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="Template:Colleges and universities in Missouri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="Template talk:Colleges and universities in Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges and universities in Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="List of colleges and universities in Missouri">Colleges and universities in Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="University_of_Missouri_System33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_System" title="University of Missouri System">University of Missouri System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Missouri University of Science and Technology">Missouri University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City" title="University of Missouri–Kansas City">University of Missouri–Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis" title="University of Missouri–St. Louis">University of Missouri–St. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Missouri" title="University of Central Missouri">Central Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Stowe_State_University" title="Harris–Stowe State University">Harris–Stowe State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_University_(Missouri)" title="Lincoln University (Missouri)">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Southern_State_University" title="Missouri Southern State University">Missouri Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Western_State_University" title="Missouri Western State University">Missouri Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Missouri_State_University" title="Northwest Missouri State University">Northwest Missouri State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_State_University" title="Southeast Missouri State University">Southeast Missouri State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_State_University" title="Truman State University">Truman State</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/A.T._Still_University" title="A.T. Still University">A.T. Still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avila_University" title="Avila University">Avila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Christian_College_of_the_Bible" title="Central Christian College of the Bible">Central Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Methodist_University" title="Central Methodist University">Central Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Ozarks" title="College of the Ozarks">College of the Ozarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(Missouri)" title="Columbia College (Missouri)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conception_Seminary_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Conception Seminary College">Conception Seminary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Seminary" title="Concordia Seminary">Concordia Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottey_College" title="Cottey College">Cottey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Theological_Seminary" title="Covenant Theological Seminary">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver%E2%80%93Stockton_College" title="Culver–Stockton College">Culver–Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drury_University" title="Drury University">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangel_University" title="Evangel University">Evangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontbonne_University" title="Fontbonne University">Fontbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal%E2%80%93LaGrange_University" title="Hannibal–LaGrange University">Hannibal-LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Art_Institute" title="Kansas City Art Institute">KCAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_University" title="Kansas City University">Kansas City University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenwood_University" title="Lindenwood University">Lindenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_University" title="Logan University">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville_University" title="Maryville University">Maryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary">Midwestern Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_University" title="Mission University">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Baptist_University" title="Missouri Baptist University">Missouri Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_College" title="Missouri Valley College">Missouri Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_Theological_Seminary" title="Nazarene Theological Seminary">Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Christian_College" title="Ozark Christian College">Ozark Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_University" title="Park University">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockhurst_University" title="Rockhurst University">Rockhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Christian_College" title="St. Louis Christian College">Saint Louis Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Baptist_University" title="Southwest Baptist University">Southwest Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_College" title="Stephens College">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Health_Sciences_and_Pharmacy_in_St._Louis" title="University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis">UHSP in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_University" title="Webster University">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_College_(Missouri)" title="Westminster College (Missouri)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jewell_College" title="William Jewell College">William Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Woods_University" title="William Woods University">William Woods</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nursing_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursing school">Nursing schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_College_of_Nursing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamberlain College of Nursing">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_College_of_Nursing" title="Research College of Nursing">Research College of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Luke%27s_College_of_Nursing_and_Health_Sciences" title="Saint Luke's College of Nursing and Health Sciences">Saint Luke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_School_of_Nursing" title="Sinclair School of Nursing">Sinclair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-year colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowder_College" title="Crowder College">Crowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Central_College" title="East Central College">East Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_College_(Missouri)" title="Jefferson College (Missouri)">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_College_(Missouri)" title="Metropolitan Community College (Missouri)">Metropolitan CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Area_College" title="Mineral Area College">Mineral Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University%E2%80%93West_Plains" title="Missouri State University–West Plains">Missouri State University–West Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moberly_Area_Community_College" title="Moberly Area Community College">Moberly Area CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Missouri_College" title="North Central Missouri College">North Central Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College" title="Ozarks Technical Community College">Ozarks TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranken_Technical_College" title="Ranken Technical College">Ranken TC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Technical_College_of_Missouri" title="State Technical College of Missouri">State Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Community_College" title="St. Charles Community College">St. Charles CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College" title="St. Louis Community College">St. Louis CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_Community_College" title="State Fair Community College">State Fair CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_College_(Missouri)" title="Three Rivers College (Missouri)">Three Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Female_College" title="Central Female College">Central Female College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Lutheran_High_School" title="St. Paul Lutheran High School">St. Paul's College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri281" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="Template:Education in St. Louis County, Missouri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="Template talk:Education in St. Louis County, Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in St. Louis County, Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri281" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County, Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This includes institutions outside of the city limits of St. Louis which have "St. Louis, MO" postal addresses. Note multiple places with "St. Louis, MO" postal addresses are not in the St. Louis city limits.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="K-1287">K-12</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affton_School_District" title="Affton School District">Affton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayless_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayless School District">Bayless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood_School_District" title="Brentwood School District">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_Clayton" title="School District of Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson-Florissant_School_District" title="Ferguson-Florissant School District">Ferguson-Florissant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hancock_Place_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hancock Place School District (page does not exist)">Hancock Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwood_School_District" title="Hazelwood School District">Hazelwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennings_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennings School District (page does not exist)">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_School_District" title="Kirkwood School District">Kirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladue_School_District" title="Ladue School District">Ladue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindbergh_Schools" title="Lindbergh Schools">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood_Richmond_Heights_School_District" title="Maplewood Richmond Heights School District">Maplewood Richmond Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehlville_School_District" title="Mehlville School District">Mehlville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meramec_Valley_School_District" title="Meramec Valley School District">Meramec Valley R-III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_Schools_Collaborative" title="Normandy Schools Collaborative">Normandy Collab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_School_District" title="Parkway School District">Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattonville_School_District" title="Pattonville School District">Pattonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritenour_School_District" title="Ritenour School District">Rittenour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview_Gardens_School_District" title="Riverview Gardens School District">Riverview Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_School_District" title="Rockwood School District">Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_University_City" title="School District of University City">University City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Park_School_District" title="Valley Park School District">Valley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Groves_School_District" title="Webster Groves School District">Webster Groves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special district</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_School_District_of_St._Louis_County" title="Special School District of St. Louis County">Special School District of St. Louis County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public high schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affton_High_School" title="Affton High School">Affton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Clayton High School (Missouri)">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Eureka High School (Missouri)">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern_Ridge_High_School" title="Fern Ridge High School">Fern Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwood_Central_High_School" title="Hazelwood Central High School">Hazelwood Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwood_East_High_School" title="Hazelwood East High School">Hazelwood East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwood_West_High_School_(Hazelwood,_Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazelwood West High School (Hazelwood, Missouri)">Hazelwood West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_High_School" title="Kirkwood High School">Kirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCluer_High_School" title="McCluer High School">McCluer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCluer_North_High_School" title="McCluer North High School">McCluer North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehlville_High_School" title="Mehlville High School">Melhville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Normandy High School (Missouri)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Central_High_School" title="Parkway Central High School">Parkway Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_North_High_School" title="Parkway North High School">Parkway North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_South_High_School" title="Parkway South High School">Parkway South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_West_High_School_(Ballwin,_Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkway West High School (Ballwin, Missouri)">Parkway West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattonville_High_School" title="Pattonville High School">Pattonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAM_Academy_at_McCluer_South-Berkeley" title="STEAM Academy at McCluer South-Berkeley">STEAM Academy at McCluer South-Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_City_High_School_(Missouri)" title="University City High School (Missouri)">University City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Park_High_School" title="Valley Park High School">Valley Park</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_High_School_(Berkeley,_Missouri)" title="Berkeley High School (Berkeley, Missouri)">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_High_School_(Webster_Groves,_Missouri)" title="Douglass High School (Webster Groves, Missouri)">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinloch_High_School" title="Kinloch High School">Kinloch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private high schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barat_Academy" title="Barat Academy">Barat Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaminade_College_Preparatory_School_(Missouri)" title="Chaminade College Preparatory School (Missouri)">Chaminade College Prep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Brothers_College_High_School" title="Christian Brothers College High School">CBC HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_Jesu_Academy" title="Cor Jesu Academy">Cor Jesu Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Smet_Jesuit_High_School" title="De Smet Jesuit High School">De Smet Jesuit HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarnate_Word_Academy_(Bel-Nor,_Missouri)" title="Incarnate Word Academy (Bel-Nor, Missouri)">Incarnate Word Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burroughs_School" title="John Burroughs School">John Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_High_School" title="Logos High School">Logos HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_High_School_North_(Missouri)" title="Lutheran High School North (Missouri)">Lutheran North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_High_School_South" title="Lutheran High School South"> Lutheran South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerinx_Hall_High_School" title="Nerinx Hall High School">Nerinx Hall HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_High_School_(St._Louis_County,_Missouri)" title="Notre Dame High School (St. Louis County, Missouri)">Notre Dame HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Principia" title="The Principia">Principia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Vianney_High_School_(Kirkwood,_Missouri)" title="St. John Vianney High School (Kirkwood, Missouri)">St. John Vianney HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Academy_(Missouri)" title="St. Joseph's Academy (Missouri)">St. Joseph's Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Priory_School" title="Saint Louis Priory School">Saint Louis Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursuline_Academy_(Oakland,_Missouri)" title="Ursuline Academy (Oakland, Missouri)">Ursuline Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Duchesne" title="Villa Duchesne">Villa Duchesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_Academy_of_St._Louis" title="Visitation Academy of St. Louis">Visitation Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Christian_Academy_(Missouri)" title="Westminster Christian Academy (Missouri)">Westminster Christian Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitfield_School" title="Whitfield School">Whitfield School</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Catholic_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Trinity Catholic High School (Missouri)">Trinity Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Tertiary_institutions66">Tertiary institutions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontbonne_University" title="Fontbonne University">Fontbonne University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville_University" title="Maryville University">Maryville University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Baptist_University" title="Missouri Baptist University">Missouri Baptist University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_University" title="Webster University">Webster University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community college</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College" title="St. Louis Community College">St. Louis Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seminaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Seminary" title="Concordia Seminary">Concordia Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Theological_Seminary" title="Covenant Theological Seminary">Covenant Theological Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Supplementary_education47">Supplementary education</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weekend schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Japanese_School" title="St. Louis Japanese School">St. Louis Japanese School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list may be incomplete</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_St._Louis826" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_St._Louis" title="Template:Education in St. Louis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_St._Louis" title="Template talk:Education in St. Louis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_St._Louis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in St. Louis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_St._Louis826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_St._Louis" title="Education in St. Louis">Education in St. Louis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This only includes institutions in the city limits of St. Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st29_mo/schooldistrict_maps/c29510_st_louis/DC20SD_C29510.pdf">The only school district in the St. Louis city limits is SLPS</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st29_mo/schooldistrict_maps/c29510_st_louis/DC20SD_C29510_SD2MS.txt">text list</a>). Note multiple places with "St. Louis, MO" postal addresses are not in the St. Louis city limits. Places in St. Louis County (which are not in St. Louis City) with "St. Louis, MO" postal addresses are at <a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="Template:Education in St. Louis County, Missouri">Template:Education in St. Louis County, Missouri</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="K-12113">K-12</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Public_Schools" title="St. Louis Public Schools">St. Louis Public Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnahan_High_School_of_the_Future" title="Carnahan High School of the Future">Carnahan HS o/t Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Visual_and_Performing_Arts_High_School" title="Central Visual and Performing Arts High School">Central Visual and Performing Arts High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_of_Medicine_and_Bioscience" title="Collegiate School of Medicine and Bioscience">Collegiate School of Medicine and Bioscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Academic_and_Classical_High_School" title="Metro Academic and Classical High School">Metro Academic & Classical HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinley_Classical_Leadership_Academy" title="McKinley Classical Leadership Academy">McKinley Classical Leadership Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_C._Miller_Career_Academy" title="Clyde C. Miller Career Academy">Clyde C. Miller Career Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Academy_of_Law" title="Northwest Academy of Law">Northwest Academy of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Community_Access_and_Job_Training_School" title="Nottingham Community Access and Job Training School">Nottingham Community Access & Job Training Sch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Roosevelt High School (Missouri)">Roosevelt HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldan_International_Studies_High_School" title="Soldan International Studies High School">Soldan Int'l Studies HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_High_School_(St._Louis)" title="Sumner High School (St. Louis)">Charles H. Sumner HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashon_High_School" title="Vashon High School">Vashon HS</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_High_School_(St._Louis,_Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaumont High School (St. Louis, Missouri)">Beaumont HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Leadership_School_for_Girls" title="Hawthorn Leadership School for Girls">Hawthorn Leadership School for Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-operated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_School_for_the_Blind" title="Missouri School for the Blind">Missouri School for the Blind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_DuBourg_High_School" title="Bishop DuBourg High School">Bishop DuBourg HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Ritter_College_Prep_High_School" title="Cardinal Ritter College Prep High School">Cardinal Ritter College Prep HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_College_Preparatory_School" title="Crossroads College Preparatory School">Crossroads College Prep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosati-Kain_High_School" title="Rosati-Kain High School">Rosati-Kain HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_University_High_School" title="St. Louis University High School">St. Louis University HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_High_School_(St._Louis)" title="St. Mary's High School (St. Louis)">St. Mary's HS</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth_Academy_(Missouri)" title="St. Elizabeth Academy (Missouri)">St. Elizabeth Acad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Tertiary_institutions56">Tertiary institutions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Stowe_State_University" title="Harris–Stowe State University">Harris–Stowe State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Saint_Louis_University" title="Template:Saint Louis University">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a> North Campus, Medical Campus</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community college</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College" title="St. Louis Community College">St. Louis Community College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College%E2%80%93Forest_Park" title="St. Louis Community College–Forest Park">Forest Park</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Libraries21">Libraries</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Public_Library" title="St. Louis Public Library">St. Louis Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list may be incomplete <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Japanese_School" title="St. Louis Japanese School">St. Louis Japanese School</a> would be the <a href="/wiki/Hoshu_jugyo_ko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshu jugyo ko">Japanese weekend school</a> for Japanese nationals in St. Louis City</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clayton,_Missouri124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clayton,_Missouri" title="Template:Clayton, Missouri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clayton,_Missouri" title="Template talk:Clayton, Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clayton,_Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clayton, Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clayton,_Missouri124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton, Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_Clayton" title="School District of Clayton">School District of Clayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Clayton High School (Missouri)">Clayton High School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a> <a href="/wiki/Danforth_Campus" title="Danforth Campus">Danforth Campus</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontbonne_University" title="Fontbonne University">Fontbonne University</a> (closing in 2025, campus acquired by WUSTL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Seminary" title="Concordia Seminary">Concordia Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_Park" title="Oak Knoll Park">Oak Knoll Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_station" title="Clayton station">Clayton station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete. <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_station" title="Forsyth station">Forsyth station</a> is adjacent to Clayton.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="QuestBridge_partner_institutions36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:QuestBridge" title="Template:QuestBridge"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:QuestBridge" title="Template talk:QuestBridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:QuestBridge" title="Special:EditPage/Template:QuestBridge"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="QuestBridge_partner_institutions36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/QuestBridge" title="QuestBridge">QuestBridge</a> partner institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby_College" title="Colby College">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidson_College" title="Davidson College">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison_University" title="Denison University">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinnell_College" title="Grinnell College">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College" title="Hamilton College">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverford_College" title="Haverford College">Haverford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidmore_College" title="Skidmore College">Skidmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_Greater_St._Louis135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Colleges" title="Template:St. Louis Colleges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Colleges" title="Template talk:St. Louis Colleges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_Colleges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis Colleges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colleges_and_universities_in_Greater_St._Louis135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colleges and universities in <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">Greater St. Louis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-year colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Central_College" title="East Central College">East Central College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_College_(Missouri)" title="Jefferson College (Missouri)">Jefferson College</a> (Hillsboro, Arnold, Northwest & Imperial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Community_College" title="Lewis and Clark Community College">Lewis and Clark Community College</a> (Godfrey & N.O.Nelson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Community_College" title="St. Charles Community College">St. Charles Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College" title="St. Louis Community College">St. Louis Community College</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College%E2%80%93Florissant_Valley" title="St. Louis Community College–Florissant Valley">Florissant Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College%E2%80%93Forest_Park" title="St. Louis Community College–Forest Park">Forest Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College%E2%80%93Meramec" title="St. Louis Community College–Meramec">Meramec</a> & <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Community_College%E2%80%93Wildwood" title="St. Louis Community College–Wildwood">Wildwood</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Illinois_College" title="Southwestern Illinois College">Southwestern Illinois College</a> (Belleville, <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Illinois_College_(Granite_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Illinois College (Granite City)">Granite City</a> & Red Bud)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-year colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldfarb_School_of_Nursing_at_Barnes-Jewish_College" title="Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College">Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_College_(Illinois)" title="Blackburn College (Illinois)">Blackburn College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontbonne_University" title="Fontbonne University">Fontbonne University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_University" title="Greenville University">Greenville University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Stowe_State_University" title="Harris–Stowe State University">Harris–Stowe State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenrick%E2%80%93Glennon_Seminary" title="Kenrick–Glennon Seminary">Kenrick–Glennon Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenwood_University" title="Lindenwood University">Lindenwood University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_University" title="Logan University">Logan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville_University" title="Maryville University">Maryville University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_University" title="Midwest University">Midwest University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Baptist_University" title="Missouri Baptist University">Missouri Baptist University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principia_College" title="Principia College">Principia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranken_Technical_College" title="Ranken Technical College">Ranken Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">St. Louis University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Christian_College" title="St. Louis Christian College">St. Louis Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Institute_of_Business_and_Arts" title="Stevens Institute of Business and Arts">Stevens Institute of Business and Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville" title="Southern Illinois University Edwardsville">Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis" title="University of Missouri–St. Louis">University of Missouri–St. Louis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_University" title="Webster University">Webster University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional/graduate schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_Institute_of_Theology" title="Aquinas Institute of Theology">Aquinas Institute of Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Seminary" title="Concordia Seminary">Concordia Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Theological_Seminary" title="Covenant Theological Seminary">Covenant Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Theological_Seminary" title="Eden Theological Seminary">Eden Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urshan_Graduate_School_of_Theology" title="Urshan Graduate School of Theology">Urshan Graduate School of Theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Six-year colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Health_Sciences_and_Pharmacy_in_St._Louis" title="University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis">University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">South Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Connectome_Consortium50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="University of California">California</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara (D'Annunzio)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Str%C3%BCngmann_Institute" title="Ernst Strüngmann Institute">Frankfurt (Ernst Strüngmann)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen">Nijmegen (Radboud)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419369350">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123535276">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312764918">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/534207/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1011518-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79069796">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12509445j">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12509445j">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36345913">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20101011006&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX146925">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90880559">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000199751&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810531085105606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007269882605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/0a64e088-c8a6-47f9-a50f-d84d35cec8c5">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500353469">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/34260">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-MoSW">ISIL</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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